in the mean time gave him three Castles for his support Chinon Mirabell and Lodun and because his Son Henry was then absent he adjured all the Bishops and Noblemen present That his Body should not be buried until he had Sworn he would not violate his Will The Father being dead the Son comes to his Interment and being told by the Noblemen what Charge his Father left with them he long considered what he had to do At length all cried out it would be a perpetual Disgrace to him to suffer his Fathers Body to remain unburied with great Reluctancy he took the Oath But when he was fully possessed of the Kingdom of England he procured from Pope Adrian an Englishman [4.] Ibidem n. 60. Pope Adrian dispenceth with King Henry's Oath Absolution from it for which Reason not thinking himself obliged by it he neither took Care to satisfie his Fathers Will or Brothers Request in yielding to him the Earldom of Anjou Whereupon his Brother fortifies his Castles and makes Incursions into all King Henry's Countries round about them The King passed over Sea raised an Army besieged and took the Castle of Chinon and so humbled his Brother that he rendred all his Castles and had his Pardon [5.] F. 95. n. 40 50. Matthew Paris says they came to an Agreement and that Geofry quitted his Claim for 1000 l. Annuity of English Money and 2000 l. Anjovin and placeth this Action in the year 1156. Soon [6.] Brompton Col. 1049. n. 10. The City of Nantes choose Geofry the Kings Brother their Earl after the City of Nants in Britany not knowing who was their true Lord chose Geofry for their Lord and gave him the Dominion thereof and the Country about it but he lived not long to enjoy it After whose death Conan Earl of Richmond in England took possession of it The King hearing his Brother was dead went over into France and claimed Nants in his Right and as his Successor and gave Command his Earldom of Richmond should be seized It was in [7.] Chron. Norman f. 994. A. B. An. Do. 1157. A Treaty between the Kings of England and France Margaret the King of France his Daughter to be Married to Henry the Kings Son August he went over into Normandy and the first thing dispatched was a Treaty between him and Lewis King of France upon the River Epta in the Confines of France and Normandy concerning Peace and a Marriage to be had between Margaret the Daughter of Lewis and his Son Henry what they Agreed upon was Sworn to on both sides And from thence the King of England went to Argentom and on the Eighth of September summoned the Army of Normandy to meet at Abrinces on Michaelmass-day to go against Conan Duke of Britany to force him to render Nants that he had invaded In the mean time he was invited to the French Court at Paris where he was Entertained with all the Joy and Splendour imaginable and coming from thence he brought the Kings Daughter with him and delivered her to be kept and Educated by Robert de Newburgh Justiciary of Normandy Robertus de Novo-Burgho Dapifer Justitiarius Normanniae Chron Norm f. 996. A. On Michaelmass-day Conan Earl of Rhenes and Duke of Britany with his Britans came to Abrinces now Auranches and delivered to the King the City of Nants with the whole County or Earldom belonging to it In December following [8.] Ibidem f. 994. D. Theobald Earl of Blois makes Peace with King Henry Theobald Earl of Blois made Peace with King Henry and delivered the two Castles of Ambois and Freteval Rotroc also Earl of Perch gave up the two Castles of Molins and Bon-Molins which were the Demeasns of the Duke of Normandy which Rotroc the Father of this Earl had seized upon after the death of King Henry the First At the same time he granted to this Earl Bellism Castle for which he did him Homage He kept his Christmass at Cherbough where he came to meet his Queen [9.] Ibidem f 995. A. B. An. Do. 1158. Alienor who a little before was come out of England From thence he passed to the Castle of [1.] Ibidem King Henry takes the Castle of Bray A Match propounded between Richard Son to King Henry and the Daughter of the Earl of Barcelone Blaye seated upon a steep Hill over-looking the River Garonne where he met Raymond Earl of Barcelone with whom he made a League confirmed with both their Oaths by which it was mutually agreed That Richard the Kings second Son should at years of Maturity Marry the Daughter of Raymond and when the Nuptials were performed he was to have setled upon him the Dukedom of Aquitan This Raymond's Paternal Inheritance was the Earldom of Barcelone and by Right of his Wife he was King of Aragon which he reserved for his Son he had by her King Henry having made this Alliance declares his [2.] Ibidem 995. C. D. An. Do. 1159. The Title of King Henry to the City and Earldom of Tholose Title to the City and Earldom of Tholose which by his Wife was thus Her Grandfather William Earl of Poictou and Duke of Aquitan had Engaged them for a great Sum of Money which he spent in an Expedition into the Holy Land to Raimond Earl of St. Giles which Money he paid not but left the Debt upon his Son William the Father of Queen Alienor For non-payment of this Money Anfonsus Son of Raimond and after him Raimond Son of Anfonsus held the City and Earldom The King of France Married Alienor Daughter and Heir of the last Duke of Aquitan c. and demanded and was ready to possess himself of the City and Earldom of Tholose when Raimond the then Earl of St. Giles Married his Sister Constance King Henry offered the Mortgage Money See John de Sennes The great Army raised to pursue the Title of Tholose the Widow of Eustachius Son of King Stephen and by that means he was permitted to enjoy it King Henry Married Alienor after she was Lawfully Divorced from the King of France and had Issue Male by her then four Sons and from thence grew his Title and Pretence to the City and Earldom To obtain which as his Wives Inheritance he summoned the Force of all England Normandy Aquitan and the other Countries subject to him He carried not with him in this Expedition any Agrarian or Ordinary Soldiers nor Burghers or Rusticks but took [3.] Ibid. D. of every Knights Fee in Normandy Sixty Sols of Anjou Money and in England and his other Countries what he thought good His Capital Barons with few others accompanied him Solidarios Milites innumeros but he collected or raised Stipendiary Soldiers innumerable In this Expedition was Malcolm King of Scots who was Knighted by him and William King Stephens Son Raimond Earl of St. Giles allarm'd with this great Preparation desired Assistance of the King of France who
Matters in difference between him and the People who endeavouring to reconcile them the People would not be perswaded to admit Tosti for their Earl but by the help of Edwin Earl of Mercia expelled him Edward the Confessor A. D. 1065. and then Morcar they chose for their Earl at the King's command Edward now growing infirm with Age having no Children By the help of Edwin Earl of Mercia they expel and reject him And by the Kings command they choose Morcar for their Earl Ingulph f. 511. b. n. 30. Edward declares William Duke of Normandy his Successor thought not Edgar Atheling Son of Edward called the Out-law Son of Edmund Ironside the right Heir either fit for the Crown and Government or able to bear up against the Power and Violence of Godwin's Sons and therefore declared William Duke of Normandy his Cousin-German by the Mother-side his Successor and of his intention to do so he had given him private intimation before by Harold and others who with all readiness promised to give him their assistance to obtain the Crown [6.] De Ducib Norman lib. 6. c. 31. Gemiticensis says he first sent Robert Archbishop of Canterbury to give him notice of his intention and afterward sent Harold to do him Fealty concerning the expectation of the Crown and confirm Edward's Grant by Oath [6.] Gul. Pictav fol. 181. D. 191. A. Gul. Pictavenses says the same and adds further that his Brother and Brother's Son remained Hostages for the Security of this Succession and that this was done by the consent of Edward's great men A. D. 1066. alias 1065. and dies The broad Seal first used Lamb. peramb. Kent or the English Nobility on Christmass time this year he sickned and died and was buried in the Abbey of Westminster which he had founded or at least reedified and by Charter granted to it many Immunities and Priviledges to which was annexed the first great Seal used in England He was a quiet Prince had a great kindness for the Clergy and much governed by them so nothing considerable passed in Church-affairs in his Reign Edward the Confessor being dead Harold Son of Godwin A. D. 1065. Ingulph in that year fol. 511. b. Gesta Gul. de fol. 191. A. De Duc. Nor. lib. 6. c. 31. He died on the Eve of Epiphaphany Ib. fol. 512. A. and then Earl of Kent and West-Saxony who had formerly (d) Eadmer reports that after the death of his Father Earl Godwin Fol. 4 5. See Notes in Edwards letter b. Seld. Note on Eadmer fol. 163. Eadmer fol. 5. Gemitticen de duc Norman l. 6. c. 31. he asked leave of the King to pass into Normandy and fetch home is Brother Wulnoth and Nephew Hacon who were there Hostages and that he was driven by Storm into the River Maia in the Earldom of Ponthieu in Picardy bordering upon Normandy where by Earl Guido he was made Prisoner Harold sends to William Earl of Normandy and gives him an account what had happened to him who forthwith commands the Earl of Ponthieu to send Harold unto him if he would enjoy his accustomed Friendship and being sent after a second threatning Message he is honourably received of William who in a short time propounded to him that if King Edward should give him England he would keep for him the Castle of Dover with the Well of Water to assist him in obtaining the Kingdom and promise to marry his Daughter then he should have the liberty of his Brother and Nephew and whatever else he could reasonably ask when he had Possession of the Kingdom Harold knew the danger in consenting to these things yet knew not how to escape if he should refuse them he therefore swore upon all the Reliques of the Saints produced by William Mat. Paris fol. 2 c. A. D. Annal. 1066. Ibid. Eadmer fol. 5. n. 30. that he would perform them gone or rather was sent by King Edward over into Normandy to Duke William according to William of Poictiers and there had sworn after the death of Edward to marry his Daughter and preserve the Kingdom for him Gemetricensis says upon these Conditions he offered to give him in Marriage his Daughter Alice and half the Kingdom The day after the Kings Funeral contrary to his Oath and Faith given invades the Throne and was solemnly Crowned by (e) 'T is generally said by our common Historians that he invaded the Throne and crowned himself without the assistance of a Bishop which made the Pope and Clergy his enemies ever after but Hoveden as here Ingulph says he was crowned by this Alfred and Eadmer and Hoveden both say he was designed Successor by King Edward Aldred Archbishop of York Harold A. D. 1065. and for the time he injoyed it which was nine months only behaved himself worthily with great Courage and Justice William hearing what was done sends Messengers to expostulate with Harold Gul. Pictav 220. B. and let him know that he had broken his Oath and not performed his Agreement and Promises and to require from him some just means of accommodation between them but Harold claims the Crown upon a Grant from Edward upon his Death-bed later than that of William scarce vouchsafes his Ambassadors Audience denies the Agreement (f) Saying he could not dispose of a Kingdom that was not then his nor do that or with conveniency Marry without the advice of his Nobility Ibidem Gemit de duc Nor. l 6. c. 32. Ingulph 510. b. excuseth his Promises slights and neglects all just means of Compromise offered and then when the Summer was almost spent by an ineffectual intercourse of Messengers and Messages (g) Or as some say he consented to hold the Kingdom as his Feudary William appeals and refers this Affair to the Pope who examining his pretences Ib. Ingulphus animates and sends him a Banner in token of Victory Harold in the mean time little valuing the Pope's Judgment and Sentence gathers an Army secures the Ports and more especially persues his Brothers (h) By Instigation of and confederacy with William he hating his Brother Harold and they marrying two Sisters the Daughters of the Earl of Flanders Tosto dayly infesting the Coasts who sailing Northward and joyning with Harold (i) As he was roving up and down the Coasts of Scotland and North part of England King Edwin Earl of Mercia sometimes called Earl of Chester Morcar of Northumberland sometimes called Earl of York both Sons of Aâ—gar eldest Son of Leofric Earl of Mercia Ibidem Malms in Guliel 1. fol. 56. b. sometime Earl of Leicester Harfager King of Norway with a Fleet of 200 Ships came into the mouth of Humber and up the River Ouse almost to York where landing a numerous Army they assault take and sack the City committing a mighty slaughter Ibidem k Edwin and Morcar both Earls and Brethren with what Forces they could suddenly bring together advance toward
Flor. Wigorn. f. 673. Several Towns and Castles revolt to the Empress Milo to whom he had in the life of King Henry committed the Custody of that Castle having done Homage and sworn Fealty to him for it When the arrival of the Empress in England was certainly known several Towns Castles and Men of Note revolted and did Homage to her as their Queen after her coming to Bristol [9.] Malmsb. f. 104. a. n. 40 50. Hen. Hunt f. 22â— a. n. 50 Chron. Norm f. 977. A. B. Shrewsbury Town and Castle taken some of the Defendents Hanged The Governor of Dover affrighted with that Example yields the Castle Geffry Talbot with the City of Hereford declared for her Paganell and the Town and Castle of Ludlowe and a great part of Wales William Moiun and Dunster Castle Ralph Luvell and Castle-Cary William Fitz-John and the Castle of Harpetre all in Somersetshire Robert the Son of Alured of Lincoln and Warham Castle and Town all submitted to her and William Fitz-Alan with the Town of Shrewsbury which he quitted when the King came against it and left a Deputy in it who made Oath to him to defend it In few days he took the Town and Castle and Hanged some of the Prisoners which had such effect upon Walchelm Maminot the Governor of Dover Castle which the Queen then besieged that so soon as he heard it he yielded it to her The King marched with his Army from place to place and Castle to Castle endeavouring to take them in but where he had no hopes of doing it he built an Anti-Castle or Fortress commonly before the Gate at a small distance either to keep them in and so starve them or to prevent their going out in great Parties into the Country and so in a great measure preserve that from Plundring While King Stephen was thus employed [1.] Hen Hun. ibid. b. n. 10 20 c. Chron. Norm ut supra David King of Scots invaded England on behalf of his Niece the Empress David King of Scots with a great Army invaded Northumberland and the North Parts By the Direction and Advice of Thurstan Arch-Bishop of York and Walter de Espec a powerful Baron of Northumberland A great Standard in form of a Dragon was fixed at Alverton now North-Alverton in Yorkshire to which the Forces and Voluntiers of those parts resorted which were raised by the Industry Diligence and great Pains of the two Persons last named with their Friends A great accession of Force they had from William Earl of Albamarle William Peuerel of Nottingham Roger de Molbraio or Moubray and Ilbert Lacy. These with Walter de Espec under the Earl of Albamarle were the great Commanders The English kept close to their Standard the Scots charged them furiously and were received and beaten back and then charged by the English with great Courage and Resolution His Army Routed whereupon they fled and the English obtained a compleat Victory killing 10 or 12000 upon the place This was the famous Battle of the Standard The famous Battle of the Standard largely described by Richard Prior of Hagustald and of which Ailred Abbat of Rievall hath written a particular Tract The War in England between Maud the Empress and King Stephen managed with great Rapâ—ne and Barbarity Hence forward during all of this Kings Reign in most of the Historians we read of nothing almost but Fire and Sword Blood and Slaughter Rapine Plunder and Captivity One full Instance whereof I will give you from an Eye-Witness the Continuer of the Chronicle of Florence of Worcester The [2.] Contin Fâ—or Wigorn. f 671 673. A. D. 1139. Worcester burnt and taken Clergy and Citizens of Worcester had often received King Stephen with great Joy and Kindness They were told that their Enemies from Gloucester would suddenly come and Burn Waste and Plunder their City They were much terrified at the Report and Consult what to do The Result was They should betake themselves to the Protection of Christ and his Blessed Mother commit themselves to the Tuition of St. Oswald and Wulstan sometimes Bishops of that City Those that were present might see all the Citizens Goods carried into the Cathedral There was scarce room in the Monastery for the Clergy All the Hangings and Ornaments of the Church and Altars were taken down and laid aside The Clergy sang within the Church the Mothers and Children cried and lamented without On the Seventh of November on which day began a great Frost the City of Gloucester came with a great Army of Horse and Foot By these words it appears the Monk was then present to take spoil and burn the City of Worcester Nos autem saith the Monk timentes Ornamentis Sanâ—uarii benignissimi Patroni nostri Oswald reliquias Albis induti tota sonante Classe c. But we fearing the Ornaments of the Sanctuary carried abroad in our Surplesses the Reliques of our most benigne Patron Oswald with humble Procession the whole Quire and Company singing aloud and walking with them in the Church-yard from one Gate to another to the terror of our Enemies who attacked a strong Fortress on the South side of the City The Rapine of the Soldiers and were beaten off from thence they go and assault the North side where they enter and fire it in many places and burn a good part of the City but the greater part stood They had a very great Prey of the Citizens Goods and of Oxen Sheep Cowes and young Cattle and Horses in the Country They took very many in the Lanes and Streets and coupled them together like Dogs and carried them away and had they or had they not wherewithall to pay the Price put upon them they were compelled to pay such Ransom as by Oath they had promised On the Thirtieth of [3.] Ibidem f 673. The Earl Worcesters revenge for the destruction of that City The Earl of Worcester who he was November (a) The Earl of Worcester was Waleran Earl of Mellent now Meulan seated upon the River Seyn in Normandy [5.] Dugd. Baron Tom. 1. f. 225. col 2. Hen. Hunt f. 226. a. n. 50. he was made so by King Stephen and William de Bello Campo or Beauchamp of Elmly Castle in that County turned out who was Hereditary Castellan at Worcester and Sheriff of the County by Emelin his Mother Daughter and Heir of Vrso de Abeâ—ot the Earl of Worcester came to the City and when he saw how it was burnt was much grieved and perceiving what injury he had received gathered together some Forces and went to Sudley in Gloucestershire to be revenged upon (b) He was Son to Harold who was Son [6.] Ibid. f. 21. col 2. f. 428. col 2. Flor. Wig. f. 629. Anno Dom. 1055. John Fitz-Harold who he was to Ralph Earl of Hereford in Edward the Confessors time which Harold is to be found in Domesday-Book in Gloucester and Warwick-Shires noted thus Heraldus filius
put himself into the Town with an Army which King Henry for the [4.] Ibidem f. 996. A. The Person of the King of France secures the City Cahors taken c. Honour he bare to him would not besiege but by force and through fear the greatest part of the Earldom was made subject to him He also took the City of Cahors From this Action of the King of France arose great Enmity between the Kings and the Normans and French prosecuted one another with Fire and Sword Gervase the Monk of Canterbury * Col. 1381. lin 3. The Relation of the Expedition of Tholose by Gervase of Canterbury gives a different Relation of this Expedition to Tholose He says the King took Scutage to the value of One hundred and fourscore thousand Pounds in England and accordingly in his other Countries That there were with him the King of Scots and a certain King of Wales and all the Earls and Barons of England Normandy Aquitan Anjou and Gascony and many others of divers Countries Horse and Foot That the City was besieged from Midsummer to Holy-Mass and that the King of France defended it so well as the King of England could not take it and so was forced to raise his Siege Fitz-Stephens * P. 8. Col. 2. in vita Thomae c. Reports That in this Expedition the Chancellor had 700 chosen Knights or Gentlemen that served on Horseback of his own Family or Dependents Cancallarius de propria familia lectam manum Militum septingenta Milites habebat and that if the King had followed his Advice he had taken Tholose and the King of France in it but being possessed with a vain Superstition and Reverence toward his Lord the King of France who had made himself his Enemy he never invested the City but went from it satisfying himself with the taking the City of Cahors and many Castles in the Neighbourhood of Tholose for the keeping whereof all the Earls refusing that Service only the Chancellor with his Attendants and Retinue and Henry de Essexia the Kings Constable stayed there who after the King was gone took in three strong Castles which seemed inexpugnable The Chancellor himself appearing before them in his Arms and then passing the River Garonne reduced all that Country and made it subject to the King from whence he went to him and was received with great Favour and Honour In the Month of October [5.] Ib. C. D. King Henry having fortified Cahors as a Check upon Tholose and recommended it to the Care of Thomas * That is Thomas Becket his Chancellor and having fixed Garisons in Places necessary and convenient and confiding in the Assistance of Raimond Berengar Earl of Barcelone Tranchevel Earl of Nimes and William of Montpelier King Henry returns into Normandy destroys and burns Towns and Villages his faithful Confederates he returned into Normandy and thence with a great Force went into le Beauaisis destroyed the strong Castle of Guerberes and burnt many Towns and Villages Simon Earl of Montfort at that time delivered up to King Henry his Places of Strength in France Rochfort Montfort Espernon and the rest with great detriment to the King of France for none of his People could pass freely from Paris to Stamps or Orleans for being disquieted with the Normans he had put into those Castles and for this Cause a Truce or Cessation of Arms was made between the two Kings A Truce between the two Kings from December until eight days after Whitsunday In his return from this Expedition of Tholose William Earl of Moreton died without Children and King Henry took his Earldom into his Hands In this War * Ibid. p. 9. Col. 1 2. between the Kings of France and England on the Borders of their Territories the Chancellor besides his own Retinue the Seven hundred Horse or Knights had 1200 others Stipendiaries and Four thousand * Or it may be these 4000 Servientes were Foot for sometimes there were Servientes pedites Servientes or Ordinary Horse or Attendants for one Month and every Knight or Miles received every day to provide for his Horses and Esquires ad Equos Armigeros c. three Shillings of that Country Money Ipsi Milites The Knights themselves had their Diet from the Chancellor who though he was a Clerk Tilted with a Knight of France named Engelram de Trie and with his Lance unhorsed him and gained his Horse In the whole Army of the King his Knights were always the first that engaged and always dared most The King and Queen kept their [6.] Ibid. D. f. 997. A. Christmass at Falais from whence she went for England and not long after * 'T is so said in this Author But see Anno Dom. 1166. Maud the Empress sickned and died and by the Advice of her Son gave all her Riches to be distributed to the Churches Monasteries and the Poor In May following there was a [7.] Ibidem firm Peace Established between the two Kings * Vid. Rob. de Monte. An. Do. 1161. A Peace between the two Kings A Norman great Council or Parlement In July Henry called together all the Bishops Abbats and Barons of Normandy at New-Market and King Lewis all his Bishops Abbats and Barons at Beavais where they Treated about the Reception of Pope Alexander chosen by the Cardinals and the Rejection of Victor elected by the Emperor Frederic and his Friends They consented to the first and disowned the last In September Queen Alienor [8.] Ibid. B. by the Kings Command returned into Normandy and carried with her his Son Henry and his Daughter Maud. In October [9.] Ibidem the two Kings met again and confirmed the former Peace Upon the [1.] Ibid. Rad. de Diceto Col. 523. n. 20 30. A. D. 1160. Henry and Margaret are Married Third of November by the Authority and Allowance of Henry of Pisa and William of Papia Priest Cardinals and Legats to the Pope there was a Marriage solemnized between Prince Henry the King of Englands Son of Seven years of Age and Margaret Daughter of King Lewis by his second Wife Constantia the * King Lewis Married her after the Divorce of Alienor Chron. Nor f. 989. D. The three Templars Commanders of these Castles were Robert de Pirou Tostes of St. Omer and Richard de Hastings The King of France expelled them his Kingdom but the King of England received and much enriched them Hoved f. 282. a. n. 10. Daughter of Alfonso King of Spain about Three years of Age who was then at Newburgh in the Custody of King Henry by which Marriage he obtained the Castle of Gisors which by Agreement of the two Kings was to remain in the keeping of Knights Templars until the Consummation of a Marriage between these two young Persons and then to be delivered to King Henry With Gisors he received also as Dependencies upon it the Castles of Neausle
Money and prone and Flexible towards all Mischief and wickedness for Rewards either received or promised Noverat autem Rex multiplici didicerat experientia Quod Papa super omnes Mortales ambitiosus erat superbus pecuniaeque siâ—or insatiabilis ad omnia scelera pro praemiis datis vel promissis Ceream Proclivum And therefore sent Messengers to him who carried with them a great Summe of Money and promised a greater and ingaged he should become his Tributary Subject if he would find an occasion to Confound the Archbishop of Canturbury and to Excommunicate the Barons which formerly he had Cherished and Incouraged The Barons [1] Append. N. 133. Prince Lewis incourâ—geth the Barons for their better incouragement received Letters of Thanks from Prince Lewis for their stout behaviour in his causâ— with an exhortation to them to proceed in the same course and a promise that he would be suddenly with them In the mean while the Pope sent [2] Mat. Par. f. 280 n. 30. The Pope sends his Legat to diswade the King of France from permitting hâ— Son to invade England Walâ— or Gualo his Legat into France to prevent the expedition of Lewis into England who delivered to King Philip his Letters by which he endeavoured to perswade him not to permit his Son to invade England nor Disturb the King thereof but to protect Defend and Love him as a Vassâ— of the Roman Church The Dominion of whose Kingdom belonged unto it To which the [3] Ibid. n. 40 The King of France his Answer to the Pope King of France hastily answered That the Kingdom of England never was nor is nor ever shall be the Patrimony of Peter for King Iohn several years since indeavoured to Dethrone his Brother Richard for which he was accused of Treason and Convicted in that Kings Court Hugh de Pudsey Bishop of Durham pronouncing the Sentence against him and therefore he never was a â—rue King nor could give his Kingdom Also if at any time he was a true King since that he had been Condemned in his Court for the Death of his Nephew Arthur Also that no King or Prince could give away their Kingdom without the Assent of their Barons who are bound to defend it These were the Arguments of the King of France to invalidate and null the Popes Title The next day [4] Ibid. n. 50 f. 281. lin 1. n. 10. The Popeâ— Legat diswades the King of France aâ—d his Son from the Invasion of England The King of France his Answer to him by means of the King of France Prince Lewis was present in the Conference where the Legat began to perswade him That he would not invade or possess England the Patrimony of the Roman Church and also applyed himself to his Father according to the Effect of the Popes Letters To whom the King said he always was much Devoted to the Pope and the Roman Church and always effectually promoted their affairs Nor should his Son now by his advice or assistance attempt any thing against them But if he Challenged any right to the Kingdom of England let him be heard and what is just Granted unto him Upon which Word a [5] Ibid. n. 10. The Argâ—ments of Prince Lewis against King John and the Pope Knight stands up and Argues for Lewis against King Iohn and the Pope 1st That King Iohn as before had Destroyed his Nephew Arthur with his own hands and was therefore Condemned to Death by his Peers of France 2. Afterwards for many Murthers or Mansâ—aughters pro multis homicidis and other Enormities Committed in England he was by the Barons Rejected and not suffered to Reign over them 3. That without the Consent of his Barons he gave the Kingdom of England to the Pope and Church of Rome to take it again and hold it of them under the Annuâ—l Tribute of a Thousand Marks 4. Although he could not give away the Crown of England without the Consent of the Barons yet he might Quit it and Renounce his Right which so soon as he had done and resigned he Vnkinged himself and the Kingdom was void and the Vacancy of the Kingdom was not to be provided for without the Barons His claim to England whereupon they chose Lewis by reason of his Wife whose * Alienor second Daughter to King Hen. 2. married to Alphonso King of Castle was Mother to Blanch Lewis his Wife Mother the Queen of Castâ—le was the only child living of all the Sons and Daughters of the King of England These were the Arguments used by Lewis his Advocate against the Titles of King John and the Pope The Legat [6] Ibid. n. 20. The Popes Legat pleads for King John urged that King Iohn was signed with the Cross Cruce signatus erat or had undertaken the Crusado and therefore according to a Constitution of the General Council ought to be free from Disturbance for four years and under the protection of the Apostolic See Lewis his Advocate Answered That King Iohn before he was signed with the Cross had made War upon him taken his Castles and wasted his Countries with Fire and Sword and had taken many Knights and others which he then deteined in Prison and was then in actual War against his Master Lewis and therefore the War he intended against him was just The Legat [7] Ibid. n. 30. He is unsatisfied not satisfied with his Reasons forbad Lewis under pain of Excommunication to enter England and his Father to permit him to do it Lewis begged of his Father not to hinder his Design in prosecuting his Right for that he resolved to hazard his Life to obtein the Inheritance of his Wife and then departed from the Colloquium or Conference [8] Ibid. n. 40 and leaves the Court of France which the Legat observing desired safe passage from the King of France to the Seâ— which the King willingly granted through his own Lands but would not undertake to secure him if he should fall into the hands of his Son Lewis his friends that Guarded the Sea at which the Legat was Angry and departed from Court Lewis [9] Ibid. Lewis receives his Fathers Blessing on the Morrow after St. Mark went to his Father then at Mehun and beseeched him with Tears not to hinder his Design He gave him not his consent openly but privately permitted him to go and dismissed him with his Blessing He sent his Envoyes to the Roman Court to Declare to the Pope his right to the Kingdom of England And [1] Ibid. n. 50. and goes with his Army for England then with all Diligence Marched to Caleis with the Earls Barons Knights and others that had Sworn to go with him in this Expedition that he might come into England before the Legat. At that Port [2] Ibid. f. 282. lin 1. He Lands in the Isle of Thanet A. D. 12â—6 they found ready to receive them six Hundred Ships and
France and submitted himself to his Mercy and Protection to whom the King replyed [4] fol. 594. n. 20. He is kindly received by the King of France That He only had behaved himself faithfully to his King and therefore received the Castle and himself very kindly and having first taken his Oath of Fealty he restored it to him again William de [5] fol. 411 412 413 414. William de Nangis his relation of this story Nangis in the Life of King Lewis in this year and in the relation of this Story in some things is more particular in some things less than Paris in the main of the Story they agree The French Historian saith The Earl of March sent his eldest Son Hugh who made peace with the King of France upon these Terms That such Lands as the King of France had taken from his Father should remain to the Earl of Poictou the King of France his Brother and his Heirs That concerning the Rest of Land the Earl of March and his Wife with their Children were to stand to the Pleasure and Courtesie of the King of France and for the security of the King of France the Earl was to deliver his three strong Castles Mâ—lpinum Merpin Crosanum his Castle upon the River Crosa or Creuse and Castrum Aâ—hardi Castle-Achard which presently received his Garisons and most of the Barons and Great Men of Poictou did Homage to the King of France The day after [6] Paris fol. â—94 n. 30. Midsummer Queen Alienor was brought to bed of a Daughter at Burdeaux Queen Alienor brought to Bed of a Daughter at Burdeaux A Truce between England and France for five years which was named Beatrix In the mean time the King of France purposed to persue the King of England to Blay and from thence to Burdeaux if he fled thither But want of Victuals and Forrage and the Pestilence which raged in his Army together with his own illness made him alter those measures he had before resolved upon and instead of fighting he made a Truce with the King of England for [7] Nangis de Gestis Lud. ix f. 414. n. 40 five years and then returned into France by Xaints and in a short time recovered his health This year the King of England required [8] Paris fol. 595. n. 30. and fol. 597. n. 20. Three Marks upon every Knights Fee Several Great Men desire leave to return into England Scutage to be paid him throughout all England of every Knights Fee three Marks or as others but Twenty Shillings About Michaelmass Earl Bigod Roger Earl of Winchester and many other Great Men came to the King and desired leave to return into England which was granted [9] Ibid. n. 50. The King's unkindness to William de Ros. Earl Richard represents his hard usage to the King At the same time the King Treated William de Ros very unkindly who after he had spent his Money in the Kings Service and not having wherewithal to maintain himself had his Lands seized without judgment of his Peers When Earl Richard perceived how hardly he was dealt withal He went to the King and blamed him for it but the King received him with great Passion and Threats Earl Richard made no return but when he saw the King continued resolute and would not be guided by his advice [1] fol. 596. n. 10. He William Earl Mareschal the Earl of Hereford and many other Great Men left the King at Burdeux with his Queen and took Ship and came over into England In October King Henry [2] Ibid. n. 20 30 40. A. D. 1242. The King writes to the Arch-Bishop of York to send him Provisions sent to the Archbishop of York to whom he had committed the Government of the Kingdom in his absence Commanding him to take the Grain of the Archbishopric of Canturbury and all other Bishoprics that were void with Bacon Salt and other winter Provision together with Cloth to make Garments and without delay to send them to him at Burdeux * He sent 10000 Quarters of Wheat 5000 Quarters of Oats and as many Bacons And to enter upon their Estates who left his Service The â—ing trusteth to Forreign Counsels and is deceived by them which was done according to his desire Moreover he Commanded the Arch-Bishop that he should seize and confiscate the Estates of those that withdrew themselves from his Service but the Arch-bishop prudently declined to execute his Command because necessity forced them to retire and also they that continued with the King at Burdeux namely Simon Earl of Leicester William Earl of Salisbury and some other Noblemen contracted such great Debts that they were reduced to penury The King likewise gave himself wholly up to softness and unprofitable expence of Money and was now altogether guided by the Counsels of the King of Arragon and Earl of Tholouse who never stood by him at any time when necessity pressed him but was ever deluded and defrauded by them the Poictovins and Gascoignians [3] fol. 597. n. â—0 so that notwithstanding he had so many supplies of Money and Provision and Cloaths for his Soldiers yet he was [4] Ibid. n. 30 40 50. He desires one â—ears profit of the Cistercians Wooll their Answer to the King's desire reduced to so great and urgent necessities that He again wrote to the Arch-Bishop of York to desire of the Cistercian Order One years profit of all their Wool from which they endeavoured by plausible pretences to excuse themselves but when pressed by the Arch-Bishop to a complyance with the King's desires who always was ready to succor their necessities One of the Abbats of that Order answered That the King was sworn to do Justice and they never desired any thing of him in special which he was not obliged to do for them in general If [5] fol. 598. lin 3. he would give them any thing for the Health of his Soul or of his Ancestors Souls or the state of his Kingdom they were ready to receive it An. D. 1243. In the Year 1243. King [6] fol. 598. n. 10. Henry remained all Winter at Burdeaux from whence in the beginning of March following he again [7] Ibid. n. 40 50. The King sends to the Arch-Bishop for a supply of Provision of Victuals and Money wrote to the Arch Bishop of York to send him Provision and Money complaining he had â—eceived neither since the Abbat of Evesham came to him This amazed the Arch-bishop who had so lately sent such large supplies of both from hence he conjectured the Sea had devoured it Wherefore he made further Provision both of Victuals and Money and designed to send it unto him but the [8] Ibid. n. 50. The Wardens of the Cinquâ— Ports refuse to carry it Wardens of the Cinque-ports refused to undertake it unless he would provide a Convoy of ships sufficient to protect them against the Pyracies of the Earl of
there Ibid. C. Exetor City standeth out against the Conqueror f. 192. F. They submit and are pardoned f. 493. A. F. Foelix a Burgundian converted the East Angles f. 105. B. Falcasius de Brent his Policy and Courage f. 526. B. His unwillingness to part with what he had gotten by Rapine and Plunder in time of War f. 528. A. B. His Rebellious Practices f. 534. B. He was excommunicated his Submission and Imprisonment Ibid. D. E. F. He is sentenced to abjure the Kingdom f. 536. A. B. He was encouraged in his Treasons by some great men Ibid. C. Otho the Leg at moved in his behalf but without Success fol. 537. C. D. A great Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold fifteen days f. 601. F. Fees when first Hereditary f. 81. B. When and by whom made Servile f. 156. B. They were Originally Military Ibid. C. Three sorts called Tenure in Capite f. 157. lin 1. Military upon what account granted Ibid. A. To what forfeitures they were subject Ibid. C. D. E. Feudal Tenures from whence they arose f. 56. D. Feudal Law not written till Frederic the First f. 72. F. It obteined in France and Germany f. 73. F. How and when it might be relaxed f. 160. A. Feudal Investiture f. 203. F. Fines levyed in County Courts f. 146. B. C. Flemmings removed into Wales by King Henry the First f. 246. D. E. They desert King John f. 510. F. Folkland what it was fol. 66. A. William Foret seized Biham Castle and plundered the Country fol. 529. D. Pope Formosus His Letter to King Alfred suspected to be a Fogery f. 90. E. 91. B. William de Fortibus vid. Albamarle Fosse way where f. 49. lin 2. France Interdicted f. 463. C. Francs who they were and where they dwelt f. 60. E. They Married not their Daughters without their Kings consent f. 73. D. Their Children brought up in the Kings Court Ibid. E. Frederic Abbat of St. Albans with many others take refuge in the Isle of Ely f. 196. B. C. Frederic the Emperour Married Isabel Sister to Henry the Third fol. 562. F. He summoned a meeting of all Christian Princes f. 567. C. He was excommunicated by the Pope f. 572. C. French they refuse to joyn with King Richard in the Seige of Jerulem f. 431. E. The Nobility Arm themselves one against another f. 544. C.D. They refuse to submit to the Queen Regent and leave the Court Ibid. E. Free-men in Germany who and their Condition f. 83. E. They were constantly bound to their good behaviour under the Saxons Ibid. F. G. GAfolland what it was f. 67. F. Galgagus General of the Caledonians f. 25. F. Gilbert de Grand made Earl of Lincoln by Prince Lewis f. 513. D. Gascoigns Subdued by Earl Richard of Cornwall f. 535. F. They do Homage to Henry the Third f. 545. B. S. Montfort Earl of Leicester his success against them fol. 602. F. 606. A. Their Complaints to the King against him Ibid. F. They repeat their Complaints by solemn Messengers fol. 607. A. B. Prince Edward made their Governour f. 608. A. B. English Affairs there in an ill Condition f. 610. C. They crave the King of Englands Assistance f. 611. D. Gavelkind what it was f. 165. C. Geofrey Son to the Earl of Anjou Married to Maud the Empress f. 254 B. He was sent for into England by his Wife but delayed his coming f. 288. A. D. He gave Anjou to his Son Geofry by Will f. 299. F. An Agreement between him and Henry the Second his Brother f. 300. B. Nants chose him for their Lord. His Death Ibid C. Geofry Son of Henry the Second doth Homage to Philip Son of King Lewis of France for Britany f. 307. D. He received the Homages of the Barons of Britany Ibid. E. He was Knighted by his Father f. 333. C. He did Homage to his Elder Brother Henry f. 338. E. He was slain in a Military Conflict f. 341. E. His Wife left with Child of Prince Arthur Ibid. Geofry Bishop of Ely died Intestate and his Estate seized by King Richard f. 420. F. Geofry Elect of York appealed by the Bishops of Salisbury and Durham f. 424. B. His Election confirmed by the Popes Legat and he restored to his Arch-bishopric by King Richard Ibid. C. Appeals against him released f. 424. E. His Oath to King Richard f. 425. F. He breaks his Oath f. 432. D. He was imprisoned by the Chancellor and released by Earl John Ibid. E. F. He outbad the Chancellor for Sheriffwics f. 441. F. He is reconciled to the Chancellor f. 444. B. C. The Canons of York complain against him to Hubert the Justiciary f. 445 D. He was disseised of his Maners Ibid. F. He paid 2000 Marks to the King and was reconciled to him f. 447. E. Geofry Arch-deacon of Norwich deserts King Johns Service fol. 480. E. His punishment Ibid. Geofry Fitz-Peter made Justitiary of England by King Richard fol. 450. A. He sent forth Itinerant Justices f. 455. F. Maurice Fitz Gerald Landed at Wexford in Ireland with great Forces f. 354. D. German and French Laws when first composed f. 60. lin 1. They refused to admit of any Laws but their own f. 62. A. How they valued mens lives f. 63. lin 3. How they valued their Cattle and Grain f. 64. A c. What punishment they inflicted on persons insolvent Ibid. D. E. What was their rate for all sorts of faults and mulcts Ibid. F. How they purged themselves when accused f. 65. A. Their Tenures agreeable to the Saxons f. 71. B. Their Habiliments of War went with the Land Ibid. D. Their Tenures Feudal f. 72. B. They held their Courts twice in a year f. 74. B. The Bishop and Earl sat together in their Courts f. 74. D. What Matters triable in their Hundred Courts f. 75. C. D. How they forced an Appearance f. 76. C. A Form of their ancient Judgment f. 77. D. E. F. Their Testes and Jurors the same f. 78. lin 1. What sort of men their Testes were to be Ibid. Their Judges and Officers like to the English Saxons f. 79. E. Their Servants and Freeman who and their State f. 83. B. C. D. Their manner of making Laws and how they agreed with the English Saxons f. 84. B. They secured their Lands by great Ditches f. 86. A. When they held their Councils f. 87. C. Their Princes called and presided or others by their appointment in those Councils Ibid. F. Gessoriacum where it was f. 13. F. Gilbert Prince of Galloway doth Homage to Henry the Second f. 329. B. C. Glanvil Justiciary of England of Norman Extraction f. 152. B. Glota where it was f. 24. B. Godfrey Bishop of Winchester disseised f. 443. F. Godwin Earl of Kent his Extraction f. 131. E. He refused though sent to punish the Citizens of Canterbury f. 132. B. He was summoned to appear before his Peers for his refusal Ibid. C. He raised an Army and made bold
demands Ibid. D. He and his Sons banished Ibid. F. They much infest the English Coast fol. 133. D. The difference between the King and them composed Ibid. E. F. His sudden death f. 134. A. Gogmagog Hills a Roman Camp f. 48. B. Goisfrid Bishop of Constance Chief Justiciary of England f. 151. C. D. Gothrun King of the Danes converted to Christianity f. 115. B. Northumberland granted to him by Elfred Ibid. C. Gratian otherthrown and slain by Maximus f. 37. D. John de Gray Bishop of Norwich chosen by the Monks Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 474. E. The Suffragans oppose his Election f. 475. A. The Pope gave sentence on the Monks side Ibid. B. His Election nulled by the Pope f. 476. A. Walter de Gray chosen Arch-bishop of York and gave 10000 l. for his Pall f. 405 C. He was made Governor of England by Henry the Third f. 583. E. Gregory the Ninth made Pope f. 540. A. He voided and confirmed Elections of Bishops at his pleasure f. 542. B. C. A Tenth of all Moveables granted and paid him in England and Ireland Ibid. E. F. His Policy to get Money from the English f. 565. D. He Excommunicated Frederic the Emperor f. 572. C. He and the Conclave chose Robert Brother to Lewis King of France Emperor f. 573. F. His Demands of the Abbat and Convent of Burgh f. 577. C. The Monks Answer to his Demands Ibid. D. His Death 581. B. His Collector too nimble for Henry the Third Ibid. Griffin Son of Lewellin Prince of Wales treacherously used by his Brother David f. 578. lin 1. He offered to become Tenant to Henry the Third Ibid. A. and 579. C. His unfortunate Death f. 589. F. Ralph de Guader conspired against the Conqueror f. 20â— B. C. He was defeated and put to flight and his followers barbarously used Ibid. D. His Valour in defence of Bretevil Castle f. 249. D. E. Guido the first Legat ever the Pope sent into England f. 256. E. Baldwin de Gysnes Governor of Monmouth Castle defeated by Richard Earl Mareschal f. 557. A. H. HAdrian Saluted Emperor and came into Britain with an Army f. 27. C. He made a wall eighty Miles in length Ibid. D. Hageneth Castle taken f. 315. F. Harde-Cnute made King by the English and Danes f. 130. B. He laid a great Tax upon the Nation f. 130. C. His sudden Death Ibid. D. Harold sent into Normandy by the Confessor to do Fealty to Duke William f. 135. B. His Promise to Duke William to Marry his Daughter and to secure the English Crown for him Ibid. D. E. F. He was Crowned King by Aldred Ibid. His Answer to Duke Williams Messengers f 136. A. His success against his Brothers and other Enimies Ibid. B. C. He was overthrown and slain by Duke William f. 137. B. His Sons invade England f. 194. C. Hasculf attempted to regain Dublin f. 357. C. He was repulsed taken and beheaded Ibid. D. Helena mother to Constantine who she was f. 33. A. B. Hengest and Horsa Chiefs of the Saxons f. 94. A. Kent given to them for a reward Ibid. D. Henry the First King of England born f. 193. C. His Charter for holding County and Hundred Assemblies f. 144. E. He convened the County at his own pleasure f. 144. B. Controversies between great Barons reserved to his own Court Ibid. C. Various accounts of his ascending the Throne f. 233. C. D. E. He is Crowned he sealed a Charter and revoked Anselme f. 234 B. D. E. He was reconciled to his Norman Nobility f. 235. E. F. He made Peace with his Brother Duke Robert 236. B. C. He summoned several great men to their Trials f. 237. D. The great men of Normandy invite him thither f. 240. C. He setled Peace among them and rebuked his Brother Ibid. D. E. His second Expedition into Normandy and success there against Duke Robert his Brother f. 241. A. B. E. F. and f. 242. C. He sent his Brother Robert Prisoner into England f. 243. A. He resumed his Fathers Lands in Normandy Ibid. B. C. His Justice upon all Out-rages Rapes and Coyners f. 244. C. D. His Success against the Earls of Montfort and Anjou fol. 245. C D. F. A Peace made between him and the King of France f. 246. A. He made a Compleat Conquest of Normandy Ibid. B. C. He destroyed his Enemies Towns and Castles there and overthrew Lewis King of France f. 248. D. E. F. Pope Calixtus moved him in behalf of his Brother Robert His Answer f. 251. C. His Return into England and Marriage Ibid. F. and fol. 252. B. He defeated the Confederacy of the Norman great men Ibid. C. E. F. They submit to him and are received into Favour f. 253. A. He sent for his Daughter Maud the Empress Ibid. B. He was disturbed by Geofry Duke of Anjou his Son in Law f. 254. E. F. His Clemency and Bounty a little before his Death fol. 255. B. He named his Daughter Maud his Success or Ibid. C. His kindness to the Clergy and rigor to Seculars Ibid. E. His quarrel with Anselm about Investitures f. 257. A. B. E. He is reconciled to Anselm and parted with the right of Investitures f. 261. A. 263. B. His great Exactions to raise Monâ—y f. 261. C. D. He kept the Arch-Bishoprick of Canturbury five years in his hands after Anselm's death f. 265. E. He would not prefer any English Man f. 266. l. 1. He would not suffer a Legat to come into England until desired f. 268. A. 269. B. He confirmed the Canons of Councils Ibid. D. And compounded with Priests to lâ—t them live with their Wives Ibid. E. His Taxes and Impositions f. 270. His Issue Legitimate and Natural Ibid. C. D. f. 271. What Treasure he left f. 273 B. Henry 2d Eldest Son to Maud the Empress cometh into England and was Knighted by the King of Scots f. 288. D. E. f. 290. F. He received the Dukedom of Normandy f. 291. A. He married Alienor Countess of Poictou and secured Normandy and returned into England Ibid. D. E. F. 292. D. Overtures of Peace between him and King Stephen f. 292. F. The Terms on which the Accommodation was made f. 293. A. How he came to the Crown of England f. 298. C. He Banished Strangers and revoked the Crown-lands alienated by King Stephen Ibid. D. F. His Son Henry born f. 299. B. His Great Men swear Fealty to his Son William Ibid. He Subdued the Welch and received their Homage Ibid. C. D. He was absolved his Oath to his Brother Geofry by Pope Adrian f. 300. A. The Agreement between him and his Brother Ibid. B. Nants Surrendred to him by Conan Earl of Britany Ibid. E. And several other Castles yielded and taken Ibid. F. He claimed the Earldom of Tholouse f. 301. B. His Expedition to persue his Title and Success Ibid. D. E. f. 302. A. B. A Truce between him and the King of France Ibid. D. The Number and Pay of his
put Normans in their room f. 213. A. B. He allowed no Pope to be owned but by his Command Ibid. C. He suffered not his Barons to be excommunicated without his leave Ibid. D. He distinguished Ecclesiastic from Civil Jurisdiction f. 214. C. What privileges he granted to Battle Abby Ibid. F. He refused to become the Popes Feudatary f. 215. A. His Death and Issue Ibid. D. E. F. William Rufus second Son to the Conqueror brought his Fathers Donation to Lanfranc f. 217. C. D. Who were his greatest Assistants in gaining the Crown Ib. E. F. Duke Roberts friends opposed his Succession f. 218. C. D. E. The Natural English and all the Bishops took his part f. 219. A. Rochester Castle surrendred to him on conditions Ibid. D. The Arts by which he setled himself f. 220. l. 3. A Peace between him and his Brother Robert Ibid. D. E. He was much caressed by all for his bounty f. 221. D. A Conspiracy against him in England discovered f. 222. A c. His Brother Robert Morgaged Normandy to him f. 223. A. Aquitain pawned to him by William Duke of Poictou fol. 224. B. C. He was slain before he could take possession of it Ibid. D. Ecclesiastic Affairs in his Reign f. 225. The great Controversie between him and Anselm f. 226 227 228 229 230. He was accused by Eadmer for Judaizing f. 231. C. His Revenue as great as his Fathers Ibid. D. E. F. William King of Scotland taken Prisoner by the English f. 317. F. He did Homage to Henry the Second King of England f. 323. F. The Agreement between both Kings sealed f. 324. D. He offered 5000 Marks towards the Holy War f. 344. F. His Demands of King Richard and his Answer f. 443. A. B. His Demands of King John by his Envoys f. 462. C. He was admonished in his sleep not to invade England f. 464. B. He did Homage to K. John then made his demands f. 468. C. F. William Earl of Pembroke Protector to Henry the Third vid. Mareschal William de Warrenna restored to his Earldom by Henry the First fol. 237. C. William Son to Duke Robert set up by the Norman Great Men fol. 247. C. D. He was Married to the Sister of Alice Queen of France fol. 253. C. He claimed Normandy but was rejected Ibid. He was made Earl of Flanders by King Lewis Ibid. D. He was slain before Alost Castle Ibid. E. Duke Roberts Issue extinct in him Ibid. F. William Eldest Son to Henry the First married the Earl of Anjou's Daughter f. 248. C. He and 300 more drowned in their return from France fol. 252. A. B. William Abbat of St. Osiths chosen Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 269. C. He scrupled to Crown K. Stephen but was satisfied f. 273. A. William with the Beard caused a Sedition in London is taken and hanged f. 448. A. William Witham vid. Robert Tweng Winchester made a Bishops See f. 105. F. Wings of Soldiers what they were and their number f. 45. F. Wisigoth-Laws by whom composed f. 60. C. Witena-Gemotes what they were f. 112. E. Worcester the Bishops Plea for Recovery of Lands f. 141. B. The City taken and burnt by the Citizens of Glocester f. 280. B. The Rapine of the Soldiers there Ibid. D. E. Earl Walerans revenge for destruction of the City Ibid. fol. 281. B. Earl Philip made Governour of Ireland f. 372. A. Writ of Right where first brought f. 144. D. Now become obsolete f. 150. E. To whom directed and by whom executed f. 151. A. Of William Rufus for assembling the County f. 143. B. C. Y. YOrk the Arch-bishop to make his Profession of Obedience to the Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 264. F. He contended with the Bishop of London about Crowning the King f. 265. A. FINIS
who designed to have Edgar Atheling their King were assembled he made towards them and encamped not far from London from whence some Troops issuing out against him 500 Normans Horse which were sent against them drove them back into the City not without the Slaughter of many by the way This Action was followed with the Firing of all Buildings on that side the River Thames Arch-Bishop Stigand deserts Edgar and proceeding whether he pleased passing over the River at Walingford whether Stigand followed him who deserting Edgar made his Peace with William and owned him as his Soveraign London submits and gives Hostages proceeding from hence so soon as he came within sight of London the People there as well Citizens as others which were many submitted themselves and as the Kentish Men had done delivered him Hostages such both for number and Quality as he desired The Bishops and Nobility supplicate him to be King This done as well the Bishops as other Great Men supplicate him to receive the [4.] Ibidem His Army also would have it so Crown for that they desired to have a King having been accustomed to live under one He acquaints his Confidents with this Address of the English who persuade to a Compliance with it as being upon their Knowledge the unanimous desire of the whole Army He weighing all things could not but yield to the importunity of so many petitioning and persuading him to it therefore staying near London he sent some before to raise a place of security and Fortress within the City and prepare things fit for such a Royal and Magnificent Solemnity [5.] Ibidem D. 206. A. An. Dom. 1666. They dare do no otherwise being over-awed by his Army there present Hov. f. 258. a n. 10. The day designed for his Coronation was Christmass-day when much People as well English as Normans assembled at Westminster where Aldred Arch-Bishop of York after an Oration to the English asked them if they consented he should be Crowned who all chearfully with one Voice consented The like being done to the Normans by the Bishop of Constance and their consent declared (c) Neither Pictaviensis Ordericus Vitalis Hen. Huntingdon or Mat. Paris make any mention of any Oath he took at his Coronation No Oath taken at his Coronation Fol. 258. a. n. 14. Col. 195. n. 43. de gest pont 154. b. n. 9. or not such an one as 't is commonly Storied he took Sim. Dunelm Malmsbur and Hoveden indeed says the Arch-Bishop exacted an Oath from him and that he took one before the Altar of St. Peter and sware to defend the Church and the Governors of it justly to govern all the People subject to him to Establish just Laws and have them duely executed and to prohibite Rapine and anjust Judgment and if it were so [7.] Scriptor Norman 1000. 't were the same Oath he took when he was installed Duke of Normandy not one word hereof the English or King Edwards Laws he was Crowned by Aldred the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Stigand being then anathematized by the Pope in St. Peters the Abby Church at Westminster in the presence of many Bishops Abbats and Noblemen After this Solemnity he looked into the Treasury of Harold [8.] Gul. Pict â—06 B. C. D. Harolds Treasure distributed To his Followers To St. Peters Church at Rome wherein were found vast Riches part of which he distributed amongst such as were with him in the Battle and some to the Poor and Monasteries His Treasury was much increased by the Gifts and Presents from Cities Towns and all Rich Men to their new Lord of which he sent to the Church of St. Peter in Rome and lodged in the hands of Pope Alexander an incredible Sum of Gold and Silver Money And to 1000 other Churches c. besides Ornaments he sent also to a thousand (d) Cathedral Conventual and others such as said Masses for his Success * Gul. Pictav 194. C. whose Prayers he was wont to desire and purchase in time of War and Difficulty Churches in France Aquitain Burgundy and Avergne to some very large Golden Crosses set with Gems to others much Gold or Golden Vessels rich Palls Copes or other Vestments In January next following [9.] Ibidem 207. C. He ordains many things for the advantage of London and the whole Nation during his abode in London he ordained prudently and justly many things some for the Advantage and Dignity of that City others of the whole Nation in general and some for the profit of the Church [1.] Ibidem 108. B. then departing from London he staid some time at (e) Barkinge in Essex in Pictaviensis Bercingis in Ordericus Bertingis in Bede Berecing and not Berkhamstede in Hartfordshire Berking while those Places of Strength were perfected which he had caused to be made in the City The Conqueror stays at London until he secures London to check the instability and power of that People for he saw it in the first place greatly necessary to restrain them Hither repaired to him the two great Earls of Mercia and Northumberland and Brothers [2.] Ibidem Edwin Morcar and others Swear Fealty Ibidem C. Edwin and Morcar with many more great Noblemen whom upon their swearing Fealty to him he graciously received and granted to them their Possessions Proceeding further into divers parts of the Nation he provides for his own safety by appointing [3.] Order Vit. 506. B. He Garisons the Castles and Places of Strength stout French Captains and Governors with many Foot and Horse to remain in and Garison in the Castles every where giving them great Rewards for the Labours and Danger they should undergo he seemed kind to all but more especially to Edgar [4.] Gul. Pict 208. C. And goes over into Normandy Atheling to whom he gave many and large Possessions Having thus provided for the security of this Kingdom as well as he could for the time in Lent that year he returns into Normandy so to settle his Affairs there as afterwards they might not need his presence For some long time before he went the Care and Government of this Kingdom was committed to his Brother [5.] Ibid. D. Odo whom he placed in Dover Castle and gave him the Government of Kent with the adjoining South Coast And appoints Odo Bishop of Baieux and William Fitz-Osbern Vice-Roys in his absence and to * He was Son of Osbern Crepon who Married a Daughter of Rodulph Son of Sprot Widow of Richard First Duke of Normandy by Asperlinge Gemet l. 7. c. 38. his Grandfather Herfastus was Gunnora's Brother ibid. l. 8. c. 15. William Fitz-Osbern whom he placed at Winchester in the Castle he had built there with direction to look after the North parts these he left as his Viceroys and to them subjected all other his Commanders Great Men and Officers in every part of the Nation some of which used their [6.] Ord. vit
Comitis Radulfi Ralph's Father was Walter de Mâ—dunta now Mant in or near Normandy who Married Goda King Edwards Sister and was a Norman or Frenchman This John Fitz-Harold had the Seat of his Barony at Ludley Castle in Gloucestershire from whence he was sometimes called John de Ludleagh John Fitz-Harold who had deserted the King and gone over to the Earl There he stayed two days Sis Soldiers Rapine and rendred Evil for Evil bringing many Men with their Goods and live Cattle to Worcester Not long after the King came from Oxford to Worcester with a great Army and saw what had been reported concerning the destruction of it From thence he went to Oxford again and from thence to Salisbury where he kept his Christmass After that Solemnity he came to [4.] Ibidem f. 674. An. Dom. 1140. Reding and there lay a while and Recruited his Army and marched toward the Isle of Ely the Bishop whereof he always suspected there he found some Resistance but the Bishop seeing he could not defend it against the force of the Army fled to Gloucester to the Earl The Isle of Ely taken by King Stephen The King placed a Garison in the Isle and returned to Worcester with the Earl thereof and a very great Army with which he went to reduce Hereford In the mean while he remained before that place * See all these Practises affirmed by William of Malmsbury f. 105. a. n. 10 20. The Earl of Worcesters further Revenge he burns Tewksbury and returns to Worcester with great Spoils the Earl mindful of the Injuries his Citizens had received with a great Multitude of Armed Men set upon Tewksbury and burnt the Magnificent House of Robert Earl of Gloucester and all things round about with the Houses of others and their Goods within a Mile of that City He spared only the Goods of the Church of Tewksbury being overcome with the importunity of the Abbat and Friers The Spoils taken were great as well of Men as of Goods and Beasts but after a while such as were led Captive were unbound and had liberty to go home The Earl the next day when he returned to Worcester protested to all Men That he neither in Normandy or England had burnt more Places and Houses at one time This was the way in Normandy and from thence brought hither This way of Burning and Rapine brought out of Normandy The manner how the Normans executed their private Revenges one upon another If any Earl or great Man found himself aggrieved by another injur'd or highly affronted they frequently got together all their Men at Arms or Knights that held of them their other Tenents and poor Dependents and as much Assistance from their Friends and Confederates as they could and burnt one anothers Castles or Houses destroyed their Lands and small Territories and carried away the Inhabitants Prisoners These were private Hostilities and Revenges between Man and Man but if there was a Title in the Case and siding one for one Pretender another for another they invaded one another after this manner with more assurance and confidence under the Notion of a Publick War and asserting the Right of that side they struck in withall and were almost constantly encouraged rather than checked by the Pretender The Norman Histories abound with these Stories See Ordericus Vitalis in the Lives of Rufus Henry the First and this King Stephen especially wherein these inhumane Ravages were as frequent and more barbarous than in England for many years until Geofry Duke of Anjou obtained Normandy which was the Inheritance of his Wife Maud the Empress as well as the Crown of England The Readers may wonder what they did with their Prisoners and Captives This Author The Continuer of Flor. of Worcester [7.] F. 672. will resolve them The Soldiers sold their Prisoners and put them to Ransom Militibus in stipendium dantur venduntur vicorum villarum Cultores atque habitatores cum rebus suis universis ac substantiis Such as Manured and Cultivated Towns and Villages and the Inhabitants thereof were given to the Soldiers as their Wages and were sold with their Goods and Substance In this Kings Reign there were in England [8.] Camden Britan. f. 199 200. so many Tyrants as there were Lords of Castles every one pretending to Coyn Money and to exercise the Rights of Majesty The King had with him very many Flemmings and Britains who were accustomed to live by Plundring that came to England in expectation of great Booty Presently after [9.] Malmsb. f. 105. b. n. 10 20. A Treaty of Peace propounded by the Legat. Whitsunday this year by the Mediation of the Legat there was a Treaty of Peace in a Plain near Bath The Commissioners for the Empress were Robert Earl of Gloucester and others for the King his Brother the Legat the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Theobald and the Queen The Empress was inclinable to Peace but the King by the Advise of those about him averse to it so as this Treaty soon ended without effect [1.] Ibidem It ended without success Toward the later end of September the Legat went over into France to Confer with the King and Theobald Earl of Blois King Stephens elder Brother about the Differences in England and how they might be Composed Proposals offered to them by the Legat the Empress accepts the King refuseth them He returned about the end of November and brought with him such Proposals for Peace as the Empress and Earl assented to but the King delayed his Answer from day to day and at last refused them In the [2.] Ord. Vit. f. 921. A. B. year 1141. according to [3.] F. 105. a. n. 30. An. Do. 1141 1142. Lincoln Castle surprized by the Earl of Chester Malmsbury 1142. Ranulph Earl of Chester who had Married the Daughter of Earl Robert and his Brother by the Mother William de Rolmara or Raumara surprized the Castle of Lincoln The Citizens who much favoured the King sent to let him know that both the Earls were very secure in the Castle and thought not of his coming that they might easily be taken and that they would assist him in taking of them The King besieged it The King makes haste and invests the Castle in Christmass-Holidays The Citizens hearing of his coming seized seventeen Men at Arms that were out of the Castle in the City and made them Prisoners The Earl of Chester makes his escape and sollicites Assistance from the Empress and Earl of Gloucester The Earl of Chester in the Night gets out of the Castle goes into his own Country to raise Friends there and Welsh He further applied himself to his Father in Law being very sollicitous for the safety of his Brother and both their Wives which he left in the Castle and to the Empress promising her all future fidelity and begged their Assistance The Earl of [4.] Ord. Vit. f.
up his Army The King of France sent to the King of England the Arch-Bishop 〈◊〉 Sens Earl Henry and Earl Theobald unto him to let him know next day which was the peremptory day he would have Conference with him but he neither came nor sent and so he by a trick gained the Burgh The great Burgh gained by a trick The King of France his Army flies King Henry the elder Relieves Verneul When he had it the King of France dare not keep it but entred the Town plundered it burnt the Burgh and slying carried the Burghers Prisoners with him into France So soon as the King of England knew it he pursued them killed many and took very many and returned that Evening to Vernol Lodged there that Night and Commanded the Walls that were battered down to be repaired up This Action was on the 9 th of August Next day he went from [9.] Ibidem n. 30 40. Takes Damvile Vernol or Verneuil and took Damvile the Castle of Gilbert de Tileres and in it Multos Milites Servientes many Knights and Esquires or Servants from thence he came to Roven and sent his Brabanters in which he most conâ—ided Sends his Brabanters into Britany into Britany against Hugh Earl of Chester and Ralph de Foâ—geres he was Lord of a Castle of that name in the Conâ—ines of Normandy and Britany who had seized upon almost all that Country The Earl and Ralph came to meet them and in a pitch't Field and plain Battle the Britans were vanquished The Britans vanquished in a pitch't Field Seventeen of their stoutest Knights taken those two and the most Potent of the Britans fled to the Castle of Dole In the Battle were taken seventeen of the stoutest Knights Hasculf of St. Hilary William Patricius or Patric Haimer de Falcilia Patric de Landa Geofry Farsi William de Rulent Ralph de Sennes John Pincerna or Butler the * He was the Deputy-Lord Casteliaâ— or Governor of Dole 1500 Britans slain Viguier or Vicar of Dole William de Leges William de Mota Robertus de Treham Paganus Cornutus Reginald Pinzun Reginald de Campo Lamberti Eudo Bâ—stardus besides many others Horse and Foot and there were slain above 1500 Britans in the Battle which was fought on the Twentieth day of August The next day [1.] Ibidem n. 50. b. lin 1 c. The Brabanters besiege Doâ—e in Britany The King of England goes to them The Tower of Dole rendred after this Battle the King of England had news of it and forthwith marched towards Dole which the Brabanters presently after their Victory had invested and gave order for his Peâ—rars Machins to cast great Stones into Towns or against the Walls to be fitted and prepared with other Warlike Engines but the Earl of Chester and such as were with him in the Tower not being able to defend it rendred themselves on the Twenty sixth day of August and in like manner all Britany with its Fortresses and Places of Strength was delivered to him [2.] Ibidem b. n. 10 20. The Earl of Chester taken Prisoner and all Britany reduced The Historian names fourscore Earls Barons and Great Men that were taken in this Tower or Castle besides as he says many others he did not name After these [3.] Ibidem n. 30. A Treaty between the King and his Sons Victories the King of France and his Adherents began to despair and endeavoured by all means to make Peace between King Henry and his Sons The place appointed for the meeting and Treaty was between Gisors and Trie Thither came Lewis King of France with the [4.] Ibidem Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of his Kingdom and brought with him Henry Richard and Geofry Sons of King Henry who came also with the Arch-Bishops Bishops Earls and Barons of his Dominions on the Twenty fifth of September [5.] Ibidem In hoc Colloquio In this Conference and Treaty the King the Father offered the King his Son His great Offers to them half the Rents of his Demesns of England and four Castles there or if his Son had rather Reside in Normandy he offered him half of the Revenue of that Dukedom and all the Revenue of Anjou three Castles in Normandy one in Main one in Anjou one in Turain [6.] Ibidem To Richard he offered half the Revenue of Aquitan and four Castles there and to his little Son Geofry he offered all the Hereditary Estate of Earl Conan if by the consent of the Pope he could Marry his Daughter Constance [7.] Ibidem n. 40. And further he referred himself to the Judgment of the Arch-Bishop of Moustierâ—en Tarantais and the Popes Legats to add to their Revenues what they should think just and equal reserving to himself Royal Justice Dignity and Power But it was not the mind of the King of France such a Peace should be made for presently after the Treaty he and the young King [8.] Ben. Ab. p. 52. b. Hoved. ut sup n. 50. The Earl of Leicester comes into England with an Army of Flemmings Hageneth Castle taken sent Robert Earl of Leicester with an Army of Flemmings into England who with his Countess and Army landed upon the Coast of of Suffolk about the Feast of St. Luke and were received by Earl Hugh Bigod into his Castle of Framingham where he furnished them with Necessaries The Earl besieged Hagenet a Castle whereof Ranulph de Broc had the keeping and within four days took it and proceeding from thence to Leicester it was told him there was a great Force got together about St. Edmunds-Bury and being surprized at the News he returned At this time Richard de Lucy [9.] Ibidem Ben. Ab. p 53. a. â—oved f. 307. a n 10 20. Richard Lucy and Humfrid de Bohun make Truce with the King of Scots Justiciary of England and Hâ—mphry de Bâ—hun the Kings Constable were gone forth with a great Army to waste the Dominions of the Kings of Scotland they had burnt Bâ—rwick and spoiled the Country round about it but receiving the News of the Earl of Leicester they made Truce with the King of Scots until the Feast of St. Hillary and gave and took Hostages on either side for the performance of it This done Humphry de Bohun marcheth as fast as he could toward St. Edmunds-Bury expecting the coming of the Earl of Leicester There came into his assistance Reginald Earl of Cornwall * This should rather be William for Robert was then Son to William Earl of Gloucester They with the assistance of other Earls rout the Earl of Leicesters Army And kill Ten thousand Flemmings The Earl of Leicester and his Countess taken Prisoners Robert Earl of Gloucester and William Earl of Arundel about the Feast of All-Saints came from Framingham with his Army near to St. Edmunds-Bury in a place called Fornham in a Marsh or Meadow not far from the Church of St.
sinum suscepisse unde quisquis ei de Amplitudinis nostrae Finibus tanquam homini fideli nostro Restitutionis Auxilium impendere voluâ—rit se nostram ad hoc tam Gratiam Noverit quam licentiam obtinere â— Henry King of England Duke of Normandy and Aquitan and Earl of Anjou to all his Vassals or Subjects English Normans Welsh and Scots and to all Nations under his Dominion Greeting Know ye that We have received Dermot Prince of Leinster into our Favour and Protection Wherefore whoever within any of Our Dominions will aid assist and help to restore him may know â—he hath Our Favour and License in this matter With these Letters he came into England and for his Conveniency repaired [7.] Ibidem c. 2. Dermot comes into England and causes the Kings Letters to be read He gives large Promises to such as should assist him to Bristol where he could by Ships coming from Ireland often receive information of the State and Condition of his Country and People While he was there he caused the Kings Letters to be frequently read in the Audience of much People and made great promises to settle Lands upon and give great Wages or Pay to such as would assist and serve him but in vain At length (a) He was a Norman by Extraction and Descended from [9.] Dugd. Baron Tom. 1. f. 208 209. Strongbow what he was Richard the eldest Son of Gilbert Sirnamed Crispin Earl of Brion in Normandy Son of Geofry Base Son to Richard the first of that name Duke of Normandy Thus Gilbert Crispin Earl of Brion in Normandy Richard his Son Gilbert de Tonebrigg from his place of Residency his eldest Son Richard his eldest Son Gilbert Sirnamed Strongbowe his second Son made Earl of Pembroke by King Stephen Anno Domini 1138. Richard Earl of Strigul now Chepstow so called from his Residence there his Son Married to Eva Daughter of Dermot King of Leiâ—ster Richard Earl of Strigul now Chepstow in Monmouthshire Son of Earl Gilbert called Strongbow came to Discourse with him and it was agreed between them that the Earl should next Spring assist him in the Recovery of his Country and that Dermot should give unto him in Marriage his eldest Daughter with the Succession of his Kingdom The Agreement thus concluded Dermot was very desirous to see his own Nation and forthwith went to St. Davids in South-Wales from whence was the nearest Passage into Leinster where Rice or Rese Fitz-Grifin had the chief Command under the King and David the Second was Bishop of St. Davids They both Commiserated the Calamity of the Exile and pitied his Condition At this time (b) He was [1.] Sandf Geneal Hist f. 31. Fitz Stephen what he was Son of Stephen Constable of the Castle of Abertivy by Nesta Daughter of Rhees ap Tewdor or great Rice or Rese King of South Wales She had a former Husband called Girald or Gerold of Windsor Constable of Pembroke Castle and Father of Maurice Fits Girald Both these Constables were [2.] Giral ut sup Cap. 2. f. 761. n. 20. Normans and were the Progenitors of the Fits-Giralds and Fits-Stephans in Ireland Robert Fitz-Stephan Governor of (c) From Aber the Mouth and the River Teife or Tefie or as it is now called Tivy Abertivy is now called Cardigan which is seated upon that River near the Mouth of it Abertefie or Aberteife who by the Treachery of his own People was taken and delivered to Rese and by him had been detained in Bonds and imprisoned three years and was now released upon Condition he should take up Arms with him against the King of England But he had no mind to that Service and chose rather to make his Fortune abroad By the Mediation therefore of his Brothers by the Mother David Bishop of St. Davids and Maurice Fitz-Girald he obtained License of Rice and in their presence made a Contract with Dermot That upon Condition he would grant them the City of Wexford in Fee with two Cantreds or Hundreds adjoyning Maurice Fitz-Girald and himself would assist him next Spring Hereupon he returned to St. Davids Shipped himself and came privately to Ferns not far from Wexford and remained with the Clergy of that place all Winter [8.] Ibidem C. 3. Anno Domini 1169 or 1170. Robern Fitz-Stephan goes to the Assistance of Dermot In the mean while Robert Fitz-Stephan not unmindful of his Engagement Embarked with 30 Knights 60 Esquires or Men at Arms on Horseback and 300 Archers on Foot in three Ships and landed about the first of May at Bannogh Bay not far from Waterford Herveie of Mount-Maurice accompanied him a Client or Dependent of Earl Richards and went rather as a * Not upon his Country-men but as a Discoverer of the Country for the Information of Earl Strongbow Spie than Soldier On the Morrow the tried brave and stout Maurice de Prendergast so called from a place of that name near Haverfordwest in Pembrokeshire following Fitz-Stephan to the Aid of Dermot set Sail from Milford-Haven and landed at the same place with ten Knights and many Archers which he transported in two Ships Not thinking themselves safe where they were their landing being known to the Country they dispatched Messengers to Dermot who forthwith sent his Base Son Donald with 500 Men to receive them and came after him with all speed where renewing the former Agreement and confirming it with their Oaths they joyn their Forces and march toward Wexford about twelve Miles from Bannogh Upon their coming near it the Townsmen to the number of 2000 go forth with intention to give them Battle but when they saw the Order of the Foot the Arms Discipline and Appointment of the Horse such as before they had not known their minds were presently changed Fitz-Stephan Assaults Wexford but is repulsed they burn the Suburbs and retire into the Town Fitz-Stephan and his Men prepare for an Assault he caused the Ditches to be filled by the labour of Armed Men while the Archers at a distance watched and observed the Walls and Towers They scale the Walls with great Courage and Shouts The Citizens make a stout Defence throw down from the Walls great pieces of Timber and Stones by which they hurt many and beat them off a little Amongst those which were hurt one Robert Barrie a brave young Gentleman was beaten from almost the top of the Wall with a great Stone that fell upon his Head-piece yet was carried off by his Comrades with safety of his Life Upon this Repulse they withdrew themselves from the Walls and burnt all the Ships they could come at on the Strand and in the Haven He burns all the Ships in the Haven The next day [3] Girald ut supra l. 1. c. 3. they proceed more warily to an Assault and when they came near to the Walls the Citizens despairing of defending their City and considering they unjustly resisted their Prince desired a
the King of France 24000 Marks Father ingaged to pay him and so obteined his Love and Favor And the King of France Restored unto him all things which he had taken from his Father in the last War as well Castles as Cities and Fortresses Towns and Lands While he remained in Normandy His Mother Queen Alienor released Prisoners his Mother Queen Alienor went from City to City and from Castle to Castle as she pleased and sent Commissioners into all Counties for the Releasing of Prisoners for the Soul of her Lord Henry having learnt from her own Experience what Afflictions Prisons were * F. 152. n. 20. Mat. Paris says she had been closely imprisoned by her Husband Sixteen Years and now her Son gave her leave to Direct and Order the Nation as she pleased in his absence She Commanded [4] Ibid. n. 30. What sort of Prisoners were released by Precept from the Duke her Son That all who were taken for Trespass in Forests should be set at Liberty and all that were Out-lawed for any thing done in Forests might return free and acquitted from all Forfeitures That all such as had been taken and restrained upon the Kings Will and Pleasure or upon the Will and Pleasure of his Justice and were not imprisoned by the Common Accusation of the County or Hundred or upon an Appeal should be Released And such of Those as were accused by the County or Hundred that could find Sureties for their Appearance and Tryal if they were prosecuted should be set at Liberty Those also that were Imprisoned upon an Appeal for any Heinous Crime if they had Sureties might be at Liberty And all such as were Out-lawed upon Accusations upon Common Fame might return and give Security to stand Tryal and such as were Out-lawed upon Appeal if they could make Peace with their Adversaries might be free All those that were Appealed by such as confessed themselves Malefactors Qui se Malefactores Cognoscunt were Released And those Malefactors who had their Lives and Limbs given them for their Appealing others were to Abjure the Realm and Depart And such Malefactors who voluntarily Appealed others without a Pardon for their Lives and loss of Limbs were to be kept in Prison until further Consideration After which she Commanded [5] Ibid. n. 50. The Oath of Fidelity taken by all Freemen That every Freeman of the whole Kingdom or Government should swear Et praecepit Quod unusquisque liberorum hominum totius Regni juraret That he would bear Faith to Richard King of England the Son of King Henry and Queen Alienor for the Preservation of their Lives and Limbs and their Terrene Honor Quod fidem portabit Domino Richardo Regi Angliae filio Domini Regis Henrici Dominae Alienorae Râ—ginae de vita membris suis honore terreno As to their Liege Lord against all Men and Women that could Live and Dye sicut ligio Domino suo contra omnes homines foeminas Qui vivere possunt Mori and That they would be obedient to his Laws and would assist him in all things for the Conservation of his Peace and Justice Et quod ii Justiciabiles erunt auxilium ei praestabunt ad pacem Justiciam suam per omnia Servandam The Duke [6] Ibid. b. lin 2. He restores Robert Earl of Leicester to his Estate c. returned to Robert Earl of Leicester all his Lands which his father had taken from him and all those his Father had disinherited he restored to their former rights He hated all those Clercs and Laics which left his Father and adhered to him and turned them out of their Offices or Services but such as served his Father faithfully he reteined and inriched them by his Bounty On the 13th of [7] Ibid. n. 10. August he came to Barbeâ—let now Barâ—leur and sent before him Walter Archbishop of Roven Henry Bishop of Bayeux and Iohn Bishop of Eureux Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury Gilbert Bishop of Rochester and Hugh and Hugh Bishops of Lincoln and Chester He comes into England and presently with his Brother Iohn followed them into England and landed them at Portsmouth [8] Ibid. n. 20.30 His great Bounty to his Brother John To whom he gave the Earldom of Moreton in Normandy the Earldoms of Cornwal Dorset Somerset Notingham Derby and Lancashires with the Castles of Marleburgh and Ludgarshal with their Forests and all Appurtenances The Castles de Pec and Bolsover yet the Duke kept in each County some Castles and Honors He also gave Earl John the Honors of Walingford Tikhil and Haye and likewise the Daughter and Co-Heir of the Earl of Glocester with that Earldom He gave to William Mareschal the Daughter and Heir of Richard Earl of Striguil and with her that Earldom While [9] Ibid. n. 50. The Bishop of Ely's Estate came to him he dying Intestate the King and his Court were at Winchester Geofry Bishop of Ely Died there Intestate the 21st of September and the King seized his Estate which amounted to * This in those Days was accounted a vast Estate 3000 Marks in Silver and 200 Marks in Gold besides his Vessels Jewels and Gold At that time he caused his Bishops Earls and Barons to look into his Fathers [1] Ibid. f. 374. a. lin 1. His Fathers Treasure of great value Treasuries where they found great Sums which according to Tale and Weight much exceeded 100000 Marks [2] F. 152. n. 40. Winchester then was the Kings Treasury He makes choice of Ships for his Expedition into the Holy Land Mat. Paris says there were found above 900000 Pounds in Gold and Silver besides Vtensis Jewels and Precious Stones Having taken an Account of his Fathers Treasure he sent his Officers and Bayliffs to all the Sea-Ports in England Normandy Poictou and his other Dominions to make Choice of the Ships of greatest Burthen and caused them to be Victualled Armed and Furnished for his Expedition into the Holy Land according to his Agreement with [3] See here f. 348. F. the King of France From Winchester he came to London and there was [4] Hoved. f. 374. a n. 10.20 His Magnificent Coronation Crowned at Westminster on the Third of September by Baldwin Archbishop of Canterbury It was a Magnificent and Splendid Coronation in the presence of the Bishops Earls Barons and Great Men of the Kingdom a Narrative whereof the Reader may find in Hoveden and Matthew [5] F. 153. n. 10 20 30. c. Paris who related it from him also in Iohn Brompton who * Col. 1157.1158 1159. transcribed it verbatim from Paris and may find it Translated in Mr. Sandford's Genealogical History of the Kings of England Fol. 74. At his Coronation he [6] Hoved. ut supra n. 50. His Coronation Oath Sware he would keep Peace Honour and Reverence to God Holy Church and the Clergy all Days of his Life Juravit quod
King John was dead [4] Ibid. n. 50. Lewis and the Barons summon Dover Castle They were possessed with a fallacious Joy that the Kingdom of England would soon be subdued Therefore Lewis summons Hubert de Burgo Constable of the Castle to surrender it Telling him King John was dead and that he could not defend it against him and therefore if he would deliver the Castle and Swear Fealty to him He would not only reward him with Honors but also make him one of his Counsellors To whom Hubert gave this Answer That altho his Master was dead Hubert de Burghs Resolute Answer yet he had Sons and Daughters who ought to succeed him but would not hear of surrendring the Castle till he had consulted his Knights who unanimously resolve in the Negative lest by a shameful Surrender [5] Ibid. fol. 290. n. 10. They should be branded for Traytors when this Resolution was made known to Lewis he raised the Siege and marched towards London On the 12 th of November following [6] Ibid. Lewis takes Hertford He came before Hertford and besieged it which at first was well defended by Walter de Godardvill and many French were slain but at last was yielded unto Lewis upon Condition they might be secured of their Goods their Horses and Arms. Robert the Son of this Walter claimed the custody of this Town as belonging unto him by Antient Right To whom the French Men replyed That such English were never to be trusted who had been Traytors to their own Master However Lewis promised him that when he had wholly subdued the Kingdom every one should have their Rights restored From hence he proceeded to Berchamstede Castle [7] Ibid. n. 30. and Berchamstede Spoils the Countrey and after some small skirmishes and a few Sallies made by the besieged he took it After this he ravaged the Countrey and spoiled the Inhabitants until he came to St. Albans and required the Abbat to do him Homage which he refused unless released from his Homage to the King of [8] Ibid. n. 50. England Lewis inraged at this Answer Sware He would burn both the Abby and Town unless he did what he required Whereupon the Abbat by the Mediation of Saher Earl of Winton made a composition with him for himself and the Town till the Candlemass following Returns to London and gave him Fourscore Marks of Silver to spare the Abby and Town until Candlemass and then he returned to London In the year 1217. the young King Henry [9] Ibid. fol. 29â— 10 A. D. 1217. The King and Protector at Bristol The English doubtful whether they should adhere to King Henry or Lewis kept his Christmass at Bristol with Walo the Legate and William Mareschal the Protector or Governor of the King and Kingdom At this time there was a fluctuation in the Nobility whether they should submit to young Henry or Lewis The French they hated and despised and the more because Lewis contrary to his Oath had entred upon their Lands Possessions and Castles and placed Soldiers and Strangers in them And at the same time were ashamed to return to the King whom they had deserted being thus perplexed they could not tell which way to steer their course Mount Sorrel Castle Plunderers defeated On the Twentieth of January several Knights and Esquires or other Horsemen went out of Mount-Sorrel Castle to plunder the Countrey The Garrison in Nottingham Castle had notice of it and sent out a party that ingaged them killed Three of their number and took Ten Knights and Twenty four Esquires Servienses prisoners About this time Lewis [1] Ibid. n. 50. A Truce between King Henry and Lewis had notice from his Envoys at Rome that unless He departed out of England the Sentence of Excommunication pronounced against him by Walo the Popes Legate would be confirmed by the Pope Whereupon a Truce was made between King Henry and Lewis until a Moneth after Easter and that all things were to remain in the same State they were in that day The Truce was made until the term was expired He pasâ—eth over Sea In Lent Lewis passes over Sea by which he lost the affection of the English Barons And thereupon William Earl of Salisbury William Earl of Arundel William Earl of Warren Many of the English Barons return to their Allegiance and William Son of the Great Mareschal returned to their Allegiance and afterwards firmly adhaered to young King Henry which very much weakened Lewis his party After [ ] Ibid. fol. 293. n. 40. William Marshal and Ranulph Earl of Chester c. Besiege Mount Sorrel Castle the Solemnity of Easter was past at the instigation of William Mareschal Ranulph Earl of Chester William Earl of Albemarle William Earl of Ferrars Robert de Veteri Ponte Brian de Insula W. de Cantelupo Philip Mart Robert de Gaugi Falcasius with his Castellans and many other Garrison Soldiers met to besiege the Castle of Mount Sorrel wherein Henry de Braibrot was Governor and with him were Ten stout Knights and many other Soldiers There were many vigorous Assaults made and as briskly received and returned Saâ—er Earl of Winton contrives with Lewis how to raise the Siege But the Besieged being close pressed sent to Saher Earl of Winton the Lord or Proprietor of the Castle who was then at London for relief He applies himself to Lewis who was lately return'd from beyond Sea to London that he would send Assistance and raise the Siege and they agreed to send such Force as might not only Relieve the Castle but also subdue the Countrey There went out of London [3 Ibid. n. 50. Six hundred Knights and above 20000 Armed Men Qui omnes aspirabant in aliena who all gaped after Plunder the chief of them were the Earl of Perch Mareschal of France Saher Earl of Winton and Robert Fitz-Walter and many others who were judged very fit for that Expedition They set forth the last of April and marched towards St. Albans Burning and Robbing Towns and Churches spoiling all sorts of Men and cruelly tormented them that they might force from them excessive Ransoms Neither did they spare [ ] Ibid. fol. 294. n. 10. the Abby of St. Albans notwithstanding a little before the Abbar satisfied Lewis They marched from thence to Dunestaple where they took away the Monks Cloaths and with their polluted Hands [5] Ibid. n. 20. snatched away the Holy Reliques from the Altar After many Spoils and much Rapine they went directly to the [6] Ibid. n. 40.50 Mount-Sorrel Castle relieved Lewis his Army besieged Lincoln Castle Castle of Mount-Sorrel and raised the Siege without any opposition From hence they marched to Lincoln and set down before the Castle which Gilbert de Gant had a long time in vain Besieged and made many Assaults but were vigorously repulsed Upon this [7] Ibid. n. 50 William Marshal c. raise an Army for the relief of Lincoln