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A28438 Janua scientiarum, or, A compendious introduction to geography, chronology, government, history, phylosophy, and all genteel sorts of literature by Charles Blount ... Blount, Charles, 1654-1693. 1684 (1684) Wing B3306; ESTC R2203 36,273 146

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of the Daughter and Heir of Ferdinand the Catholick which Race now governs in Spain Qu. What Races of Kings have succeeded to the Crown of Scotland Ans The Ancient Kingdom of the Scots reckon by two Periods the first from Fergusius who was King of Scotland in the time of Alexander the Great and the second from Robert Stuart the Son of Walter Stuart who married Margery King Bruces Daughter in the year of our Lord 1350. or thereabouts Qu. How came Ireland into the hands of the English Ans By the Conquest of Henry the second in the year of Christ 1172. Qu. Of what Family is the Emperour of Germany Ans Descended from Radulphus Auspergensis who A. D. 1273. made Austria the Imperial Seat constituting his Son Albert first Duke thereof Qu. Of what Family is the Emperour of Turkey Ans Of the Ottoman Family so called from the War-like Emperour Othoman Son of Orthogules who A. D. 1300. did much enlarge the Mahometan Empire by his Arms. Qu. Of what Family are the Kings of Portugal Ans Portugal which did formerly belong to Spain is now a distinct Kingdom of it self and enjoys the blessing of Kings of its own out of that Honourable Family of the Duke of Braganza descended from Henry of Lorrain to whom Alphonsus King of Castile gave his Daughter Teresia in Marriage for the good Services he had perform'd against the Sarazens in Portugal A.C. 1110. Qu. How is Holland and the Low-Countrys Governed Ans Holland did formerly belong to the King of Spain 'till by the Severity of the Spanish Inquisition and Cruel Government of the Duke of Alva under Philip the second they Revolted and by the Assistance of Queen Elizabeth threw off the Spanish yoak and set up a Commonwealth among themselves under which kind of Government they now continue at this very day Qu. What Interest hath the Prince of Orange in the Government af Holland Ans He is allowed a double Vote in their Senate with many other Priviledges above the rest as a Reward for the good Services done them by the Old Prince of Orange in their Revolt against the Duke of Alva and the Spaniards Qu. How is the present Government of Italy Ans It is divided into little Commonwealths Principalities or Dukedoms which in Spiritual matters are mostly subject to the Pope who as the Ghost of the Deceased Roman Empire sits Crown'd upon the Grave thereof as the Malmsbury Phylosopher well observes LIB VII OF PHYLOSOPHY Qu. WHich are the chief Successions of Ancient Phylosophy Ans These three the Ionick Italick and Eleatick as Clemens Alexandrinus reckons them But Diogenes Laertius mentions only two the Ionick and Italick which last he makes to fall in with the Eleatick Qu. Who was the first of the Ionick Sect Ans Thales Qu. Who was the first of the Italick Sect Ans Pythagoras whose Masters Name was Pherecydes Qu. What Phylosophers succeeded Thales in his Sect of Ionick Phylosophy Ans Anaximander Anaximenes Anaxagoras Archelaus and Socrates who being the first Founder of Moral Phylosophy after his time several new Sects arose Qu. Who were the chief Phylosophers of the Italick Sect after Pythagoras Ans Telauges and Xenophanes whom Clemens makes the first of the Eleaticks also Parmenedes Zeno Eleates Leucippus Empedocles Democritus Protagoras Metrodorus Diomenes Pyrrho Heraclitus Anaxarchus Nausiphanes Naucydes and Epicurus whose Phylosophy is given us by the Latine Poet Lucretius Qu. What are the chief Sects which you say arose after Socrates amongst his Followers Ans They were the Cynicks Stoicks Academicks Peripateticks Scepticks Epicureans and Eclecticks Qu. Who were the chief Cynicks Ans Antisthenes Diogenes and Crates from whom sprang the Stoicks Qu. Who were the chief Stoicks Ans Crates Zeno Citiensis Cleanthes Chrysippus Cato Varro Tullie Seneca Antonius and Possidonius Qu. Who were the chief Academicks Ans Plato Pseusippus Xenocrates and Polemon of the old Academy Crantor and Arcesilaus of the middle Academy and Lacydes Hegesilans Carneades and Clitomachus of the new Academy Qu. Who were the chief Peripateticks Ans Aristotle Theophrastus Straton Lycon Critolaus and Diodorus Qu. Who were the chief Scepticks Ans Pyrrho Timon Aenesidemus Neumenius and Sextus Empericus Qu. Who were the chief Epicureans Ans Epicurus his servant Mus Hermannus Lucian Celsus Lucretius Cassius who murther'd Caesar Maro and Patronius Arbiter Qu. Who were the chief Electticks Ans Potamon of Alexandria Sotion Ammonius and Plotinus Qu. Why were the Cynicks so called Ans In derision of their Morose Dogged Manners and ill Nature Fawning on Vertue and Barking at Vice as Ammonius well expresses it Qu. Why were the Stoicks so called Ans From the place they disputed in call'd a Stoa or Porch Qu. Why were the Academicks so called Ans From the place where they studied in called an Academy Qu. Why were the Peripateticks so called Ans From their manner of Disputing as they walked in a place called the Lycaeum Qu. Why were the Scepticks so called Ans Because they deny'd any certainty of knowledge in any thing which others affirming were called Dogmaticks Qu. Why were the Epicureans so called Ans From their Master Epicurus who nevertheless received all his Principles of Atomical Phylosophy from Democritus who held the same long before Qu. Why were the Electicks so called Ans Because they pretended to search all other Phylosophies and choose the best out of each Qu. Why were all these men called Phylosophers Ans From their Study of Wisdom and Knowledge Qu. To what kind of knowledge did the Academicks pretend Ans To know nothing certainly but to dispute all things yet not absolutely denying that there may be some probability of conclusion only that it was difficult to attain unto Qu. In what did the Stoicks differ from the Peripateticks and the Epicureans from both Ans Somewhat they differ'd in their Physicks but most in their Opinions of the chief good and Happiness of man Qu. Wherein did the Stoicks place Happiness Ans In the rigid exercise of Vertue and contempt of those things which others esteem Pain or Pleasure Qu. In what did the Peripateticks place Happiness Ans In the exercise of Vertue together with the enjoyment of the gifts of Nature and Fortune the want of which they acknowledged to be Unhappiness Qu. In what did the Epicureans place their Happiness Ans In the enjoyment of Pleasure and living without the fear of Powers Invisible Qu. What are the chief parts or contents of Phylosophy Ans Physicks or Natural Phylosophy Ethicks or Moral Phylosophy and Dialecticks or Logick Qu. What doth Physicks or Natural Phylosophy comprehend Ans To know the Nature of the Heavens and all things in the World Qu. What doth Ethicks or Moral Phylosophy comprehend Ans The instruction of Good Manners Vertue and Vice together with the chief good of men and how to attain it Qu. What doth Dialecticks or Logick teach Ans The Art of Discourse or true Reasoning which serves as the Instrument of both the other Qu. Which are the best Authors to instruct us in the Lives and Doctrines of the Phylosophers Ans Diogenes Laertius Stobaeus Plutarch Clemens Alexandrinus and Steuchius Eugebinus but above all Cicero's Works wherein we shall find what the Lord Bacon says to be Infallibly true That as a little Phylosophy enclineth men to Atheism so depth in Phylosophy bringeth back to Religion LIB VIII Of LEARNING AND SCIENCES In General Qu. WHich are the seven Liberal Sciences Ans Philology History Mathematicks Phylosophy Physick Law and Divinity Qu. What doth Philology comprehend Ans Philology comprehends the study of Grammar or the Art of Writing and Speaking Correctly Rhetorick or the Art of Speaking Eloquently Poetry or the Art of Writing in Measure or Verse Logick or the Art of Reasoning Anagnostick or the method of Reading Authors Profitably Criticks or Censures upon Authors and Diadacticks or the method of Teaching others Qu. How may History be divided Ans Into seven parts As for Example Ecclesiastical or the History of the Fathers and Councils Political or the Government of States and Kingdoms Natural as Pliny of the Heavens Fowls Beasts and Plants Successions as of Countries and Families Professions as the Lives of Famous men in any Faculty Various as Aelian Plutarchs Morals and Valerius Maximus and Fabulous such as are called Romances Qu. What do the Mathematicks comprehend Ans Arithmetick or the Art of Numbers Geometry or the Art of Measuring Perspectives or the Art of Sight Astronomy or the knowledge of the Stars and their Motions Geography or the Description of the Earth Architecture or the Art of Building and Musick or the Art of Harmony Qu. What doth Phylosophy comhend Ans Metaphysicks that treat of Supernatural things as Spirits c Physicks or Natural Phylosophy Ethicks or Moral Phylosophy Oeconomiques of Order and Discipline Politicks of Government Thanmaturgicks or the working Strange Conclusions and Pneumatology or the Doctrine of Spirits Qu. What is comprehended in the Study of Physick Ans To be well read in all Natural and Physical Writings of the Latines Greeks Arabians Paracelsians Galeno-Chymists Prophylacticks and Empericks Qu. What is comprehended in the Study of Law Ans To read such as have written concerning Law-givers and Laws in general Of the Law of Nature Of the Law of Nations Of the Laws of the Hebrews Of the Civil-Law Of the Canon-Law and Of our Municipal Laws Qu. What is comprehended in the Study of Divinity Ans To read such as have written Divinity Natural Catechetical Exegetical on Commentators Polemical in Controversies Synidetical for Cases of Conscience Prophetical of Preaching and Gubernetical of Church-Government Instrue praeceptis Animum nec discere Cesses Nam sine Doctrina vita est qansi Mortis Imago FINIS
Philometor 7 Ptolo Physcon 8 Ptolom Lamyrus 9 Ptolom Alexander 10 Ptol Lamyrus redux 11 Ptol Auletes 12 Ptolom Dijonisius 13 Cleopatra Daughter of Ptolom Auletes who was not only the Beloved Mistress of Julius Saesar but also of Mark Anthony whose Over throw at Actium made her in despair throw away her Life by the Biting of an Asp by her Death Egypt was also reduced into a Province Under the ROMANS Who An o M 3924 began first Period of the fourth MONARCHY or ROMAN EMPIRE which reach'd to Constantine the Great lasted 355 yeares under 1. JULIUS CAESAR 2 Augustus 3 Tiberius 4 Caligula 5 Claudius 6 Nero 7 Galba 8 Otho 9 Vitellius 10 Flavius Vespasian 11 Tytus Vespasian 12 Domitian 13 Nerva 14 Trajanus 15 Adrianus 16 Antoninus Pius 17 Antoninus Phylosophus 18 Commodus 19 Pertinax 20 Didius Julianus 21 Septimius Severus 22 Carracalla 23 Macrinus 24 Heliogabalus 25 Alexand Severus 26 Maximinus Thrax 27 Balbinus Puppienus 28 Gordianus 29 Phillippus Arabs 30 Decius 31 Tribonianus Gallus 32 Valerian 33 Galienus 34 Claudius Secundus 35 Aurelianus 36 Tacitus 37 Probus 38 Carus 39 Dyoclesian and 40 Constantius Chlorus The Father of Constantine the Great Who Removing the Seat of the Empire from Rome to Byzantium in Greece did there after his one Name Erect Constantinople where as Historians reckon began A. Ch. 306 the Empire of the East LIB I. OF GEOGRAPHY Qu. WHat is Geography Ans It is the description of the Globe of the Earth and differs from Topography which is the description of particular places as the whole differs from a part Qu. Into how many parts is the Earth divided Ans Into four Europe Asia Africa and America both North and South Qu. Which are the chief Countreys of Europe Ans Europe may be divided into these three parts I. on the Continent Scandinavia which comprehends Sweden Denmark and Norway Muscovy or Russia France Germany Poland Spain Italy and part of Turkey II. The British-Isles as England Scotland and Ireland III. Isles on the Mediterranean as Sardinia Candia Sicily Corcia Majorca and Minorca Qu. Which are the chief Countreys of Asia Ans Asia may be divided also into three parts as I. On the Continent part of Turkey Georgia Arabia Persia India or Moguls Countrey China and Tartaria II. Isles on the Ocean as Maldivies Ceylan Sunda Molucques Philippines and Japan III. Isles on the Mediterranean as Cyprus Rhodes Scio and Metelin Qu. Which are the chief Countreys of Africa Ans Africa in like manner may be divided into three parts as I. On the Continent Barbary Aegypt Biledulgerid Zaara Countrey of Negroes Guiney Nubia Abissinea or Aethiopia Zanguebar Congo Monomotapa Caffares II. Isles on the Ocean as Madera Canaries Cape Verde St. Thomas St. Helena Madagascar or St. Lawrence and Zocotora III. an Isle on the Mediterranean-Sea called Malta Qu. Which are the chief Countreys of America Ans Which America do you mean for it is usually divided into North and South Qu. Which then are the chief parts of the Northern America Ans The Northern America may likewise be divided into three parts as I. On the Continent the Arctickland New north Wales New south Wales New Britain Canada New France New Scotland New England New York New Jersey or Pennsylvania Mary-Land Virginia Carolina Florida Mexico or New Spain New Mexico Land of Jesso and Anian II. Isles on the North Sea as New-found-land and the Antilles which comprehend Jamaica together with all the Lucaif and Caribbe-Isles III. an Island in the South Sea named California Qu. Which are the chief parts of the Southern America Ans The Southern America excepting one Island called Magellanick is all a Continent having in it these several Countreys viz. the firm Land Magellan Peru Amazones Chili Brasil and Paraquay Qu. What is a Continent Ans A Continent is one great parcel of Land wherein are many Countreys joyned together without being seperated by the Sea Qu. What is an Island Ans An Island is any part of Earth encompassed round with Water as Great Britain and Ireland Qu. Of what extent or circumference is the Earth judged to be Ans Geographers divide the Globe into 360 parts or degrees So that reckoning each Degree to be 73 Italian miles or 69 English which is the same its Circumference will appear to be 26286 miles and its Diameter 8365 miles Qu. Of what scituation and extent is Europe Ans Europe is for the most part scituate in the Northern Temperate Zone and contains within its bounds the principal part of the Roman and Graecian Monarchies whose length from Cape-finis-terre on the west of Spain to the River Ianais in Muscovy is 2400 miles and breadth from Cape-Metapan in Morea to the most Northern Promontory of Norway about 2100 miles Qu. How is Europe bounded Ans Europe is bounded on the North with the Northern Ocean or frozen Sea on the West with the Western or Atlantick Ocean on the South with the Mediterranean Sea parting Europe from Africa and lastly on the East it is divided from Asia by the Rivers Duina and Tanais Qu. Of what scituation and extent is Asia Ans Asia from whence sprang the first Monarchies and Religions of the World and now possess'd by four the greatest Princes of the Earth viz. the Grand Seignior Sultan of Persia Great Mogul and Cham of China and Tartary is seated mostly in the Temperate Zone and extends in length from Smyrna in the West to the farthest part of Tartary near Jesso in the East about 4800 miles and in breadth from the lowest part of Malacca in the South to the Streights of Weigats in the North near 4200 miles Qu. How is Asia bounded Ans Asia on the west is seperated from Africa by the Red-Sea and by the Istmhus of Sues from Europe by the Rivers Tanais and Duina and towards the other part of the World is environ'd by the Tartarian Chinean Indian Persian and Arabian Seas Qu. Of what scituation and extent is Africa Ans Africa is scituated under the Torrid Zone being in length from Cape-Verde to Gaardafuy 4300 miles and in breadth from Cape-Bon to the Cape of good-hope 4200 miles Qu. How is Africa bounded Ans Africa is formed like a Triangle and seperated from all parts of the World but Asia by four Seas being limited on the North by the Mediterranean on the East by the Red-Sea or Arabian-Gulph on the South by the Aethiopian and on the West by the Atlantick-Ocean Qu. How is America bounded Ans America the fourth and last known part of the World which Columbus first discovered 190 years ago is bounded on the East by the Atlantick and Vergivian Seas which part it from Europe and Africa on the West by Mare Pacificum which divides it from Asia on the South by Terra incognita seperated by the Streights of Magellan and on the North by parts as yet undiscovered so as no extent thereof can certainly be given Qu. Now forasmuch as it concerns all