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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A72146	Of the advancement and proficience of learning; or, The partitions of sciences· Nine books. Written in Latin by the most eminent, illustrious, and famous Lord Francis Bacon Baron of Verulam, Vicount St. Alban, Councellor of Estate, and Lord Chancellor of England. Interpreted by Gilbert Watts.; De augmentis scientiarum. English	Bacon, Francis, 1561-1626.; Watts, Gilbert, d. 1657.	1640 (1640)	STC 1167.7; ESTC S124505	372,640	654

a Conflict against the greatest Champion with the Penne that then lived Cicero the Oratour Againe in his Book of APOPHTHEGMES which he collected we see he estimed it more honour to make himselfe but a paire of Tables or Codicills wherein to register the wise and grave sayings of others then if his own words were hallowed as Oracles as many vain Princes by custome of Flattery delight to doe But if I should report diverse of his Speeches as I did in Alexander they are truly such as Salomon notes Eccles 12. Verba Sapientum sunt tanquam aculei tanquam clavi in altum defixi wherefore I will here only propound three not so admirable for elegancy as for vigor and efficacy As first it is reason he be thought a maister of words that could with one word appease a mutiny in his army the occasion was this The Romans when their Generalls did speak in their Army did use the word Milites when the Magistrates spake to the people they did use the word Quirites Caesars souldiers were in a tumult and seditiously prayed to be cassed not that they so ment but by expostulation thereof to draw Caesar to other conditions He nothing daunted and resolute after some silence began thus Ego Suet. in Iul. parag 70. Quirites which word did admit them already casseered wherewith the souldiers were so surprized and so amazed as they would not suffer him to goe on in his speech and relinquishing their demands of Dismission made it now their earnest suit that the name of Milites might be again restored them The second speech was thus Caesar did extreamly affect the name of King therefore some were set on as he passed by in popular acclamation to salute him King he finding the crie weak and poore put off the matter with a jest Suet. parag 79. as if they had mist his sur-name Non Rex sum saith he sed Caesar indeed such a speech as if it be exactly searcht the life and fulnesse of it can scarce be exprest For first it pretended a refusall of the name but yet not serious again it did carry with it an infinite confidence and magnanimity as if the Appellation Caesar had bin a more eminent Title than the name of King which hath come to passe and remaineth so till this day But that which most made for him this speech by an excellent contrivance advanced his own purpose for it did closely insinuate that the Senate and People of Rome did strive with him about a vaine shadow a name only for he had the power of a King already and for such a name whereof mean families were invested for the Sur-name Rex was the title of many families as we also have the like in our Dialect The last speech which I will mention in this place was this When Caesar after the warre was declared did possesse himselfe of the City of Rome and had broke open the inner Treasury to take the mony there stored up for the service of the warre Metellus for that time Tribune withstood him to whom Caesar Plut. in Caesar If thou dost persist saith he thou art dead presently taking himselfe up he added Young man it is harder for me to speak this than to doe it Adolescens durius est mihi hoc dicere quam facëre A speech compounded of the greatest terror and the greatest clemency that could proceed out of the mouth of man But to pursue Caesars Abilities in this kind no farther it is evident that he knew well his own perfection in Learning as appears when some spake what a strange resolution it was in Lucius Scylla to resigne his Dictature Suet. in Iul. §. 77. he scoffing at him answered That Scylla could not skill of Letters and therefore knew not how to Dictate § Now it were time to leave this point touching the strict concurrence of Military virtue and Learning for what example in this kind can come with any grace after Alexander and Caesar were it not that J am transported with the height and rarenesse of one other particular instance as that which did so suddenly passe from scorne to wonder and it is of Xenophon the Philosopher Xen. Hist de Exp. Cyri. who went from Socrates schoole into Asia with Cyrus the younger in his expedition against King Artaxerxes This Xenophon at that time was very young and never had seen the warres before neither had than any command in the Army but only followed the warre as a voluntary for the love and conversation of Proxenus his friend He was by chance present when Falinus came in message from the great King to the Grecians after that Cyrus was slain in the field and the Grecians a handfull of men having lost their Generall left to themselves in the midst of the Provinces of Persia cut off from their Country by the interception of many miles and of very great and deep rivers The Message did import that they should deliver up their Armes and submit themselves to the Kings mercy to which message before publique answer was made diverse of the Army conferr'd familiarly with Falinus amongst whom Xenophon hapned to say thus why said he Falinus we have now but these two things left Hist de Cy. Ex. l. 2. our Armes and our Virtue if we yeeld up our Armes how shall we make use of our virtue whereto Falinus smiling said If I be not deceived Young Gentleman you are an Athenian and study Philosophy and it is pretty that you say but you are much abused if you think your Virtue can withstand the Kings Power here was the scorne the wonder followeth This young Scholler or Philosopher after all the Captaines and Commanders were murthered by treason conducted ten thousand Foot through the heart of all the Kings high Countreys from Babilon to Grecia in despite of all the Kings forces to the astonishment of the world and the encouragement of the Grecians in time succeeding to make invasion upon the Persian Monarchy and to subvert it Which indeed soone after Jason the Thessalian conceiv'd and design'd Agesilaus the spartane attempted and commenced Alexander the Macedonian at last atchieved all being stirred up by this brave leading Act of that young Scholler CAP. VIII The Merit of Learning from the influence it hath upon Morall Virtues § Learning a soveraigne remedy for all the diseases of the Mind § The Dominion thereof greater than any Temporall Power being a Power over Reason and Beliefe § Learning gives Fortunes Honours Delights excelling all others as the soule the sense § Durable Monuments of Fame § A Prospect of the immortality of a future world TO proceed now from Jmperiall and Military virtue to Morall and that which is the Virtue of Private men First that of the Poet is a most certain truth Ovid. de Pont. Scilicet ingenuas didicisse fideliter Artes Emollit mores nec sinit esse feros For Learning doth reclaime mens minds from Wildenesse and

12. who was only learned amongst the Apostles was chiefly imployed by God in the Scriptures of the new Testament § So again we know that many of the Ancient Bishops and Doctors of the Church were excellently read and studied in all the Learning of the Heathen in so much that the Edict of the Emperour Iulian Epist ad Iambl whereby it was interdicted unto Christians to be admitted into Schooles or exercises of Learning was estimed and accounted a more pernitious Engine and Machination against the Christian Faith than were all the sanguinary prosequtions of his predecessors P. Diac. l. 3. Parag. 33. Neither could the emulation and jealousie of Gregory the First otherwise an excellent man who designed to extinguish and obliterate Heathen Auctors and Antiquity ever obtain the opinion of Piety and Devotion amongst holy men But contrariwise it was the Christian Church which amidst the inundations of the Scythians from the North-west and the Saracens from the East did preserve in the sacred Lap and Bosome thereof the pretious reliques of Heathen Learning which otherwise had utterly perisht and bin extinguisht And of late in our age we may likewise see the Iesuites who partly in themselves and partly by emulation and provocation of Adversaries have much quickned and strengthned the state of Learning we see J say what notable services they have done and what helps they have brought in to the repairing and establishing of the Roman Sea § Wherefore to conclude this Part there are two principall Duties Services besides ornament and illustration which human Learning doth performe to Faith and Religion The one because they are effectuall incitements to the exaltation and celebration of the Glory of God for as the Psalmes Psal XIX and other Scriptures doe often invite us to the contemplation and publication of the magnificent and wonderfull works of God so if we should rest only in the outward forme as they first offer themselves unto our senses we should doe the like injury to the Majesty of God as if we should judge of the store and wealth of some excellent Jeweller by that only which is set out towards the street in his shop The other Mat. 22. because they minister a singular help and preservative against unbeliefe and errors You erre not knowing the Scriptures nor the Power of God Where he layes before us two books or volumnes to study if we will be secur'd from errors First the volumne of Scriptures which reveale the will of God than the volume of Creatures which expresse his power whereof the latter is as a key to the former not only opening our understanding to conceive the true sense of Scriptures by the generall rules of Reason and Lawes of speech but besides chiefly opening our beliefe in drawing us unto a due meditation of the omnipotency of God the characters whereof are chiefly signed and engraven upon his works Thus much for Divine Testimonies and Evidences concerning the true Dignity and value of Learning CAP. VII The Dignity of Learning from humane Arguments and Testimonies I. Naturall Inventours of New Arts for the Commodities of Mans life consecrated as Gods II. Politicall Civill Estates and affaires advanced by Learning § The best and happiest times under Learned Princes and others § Exemplified in the immediat succeeding Emperors from the death of Domitian III. Military The concurrence of Armes and Learning § Exemplified in Alexander the Great § Iulius Caesar the Dictator § Xenophon the Philosopher AS for Humane Testimonies and Arguments it is so large a field as in a discourse of this compendious nature and brevity it is fit rather to use choice than to imbrace the variety of them I. First therefore in the degrees of Honor amongst the Heathens it was the highest to attain to a Veneration and Adoration as a God this indeed to the Christians is as the forbidden fruit but we speak now separately of Humane Testimony Therefore as we were saying with the Heathens that which the Grecians call Apotheosis and the Latines Relatio inter Divos Herodia l. 4 Dio. Reliqui was the supreme Honour which man could attribute unto Man specially when it was given not by a formall Decree or Act of Estate as it was used amongst the Roman Emperors but freely by the assent of Men and inward beliefe Of which high Honour there was a certain degree and midle terme For there were reckoned above Humane Honours Honours Heroicall and Divine in the Distribution whereof Antiquity observed this order Founders of States Lawgivers Extirpers of Tyrants Fathers of their Country and other eminent Persons in Civile Merit were honour'd with the title of Worthies only or Demi-Gods such as were Theseus Minos Romulus and the like on the other side such as were Inventors and Authors of new Arts and such as endowed mans life with new Commodities and accessions were ever consecrated among the Greater and Entire Gods which hapned to Ceres Bacchus Mercury Apollo and others which indeed was done justly and upon sound judgement For the merits of the former are commonly confined within the circle of an Age or a Nation and are not unlike seasonable and favoring showers which though they be profitable and desirable yet serve but for that season only wherein they fall and for a Latitude of ground which they water but the benefices of the latter like the influences of the Sunne and the heavenly bodies are for time permanent for place universall those again are commonly mixt with strife and perturbation but these have the true character of Divine presence and come in Aura leni without noise or agitation II. Neither certainly is the Merit of Learning in Civile affaires and in repressing the inconveniences which grow from man to man much inferior to the other which relieve mans necessities which arise from Nature And this kind of merit was lively set forth in that fained relation of Orpheus Theatre Philost in Orph. where all beasts and birds assembled which forgetting their proper naturall appetites of Prey of Game of Quarrell stood all sociably and lovingly together listning unto the Aires and accords of the harpe the sound whereof no sooner ceased or was drown'd by some lowder noise but every beast returned to his own nature In which Fable is elegantly described the nature and condition of men who are tossed and disordered with sundry savage and unreclaim'd desires of Profit of Lust of Revenge which yet as long as they give eare to precepts to the perswasion of Religion Lawes and Magistrates eloquently and sweetly coucht in Bookes to Sermons and Haranges so long is society and peace maintaind but if these instruments be silent or that seditions and tumults make them not audible all things dissolve and fall back into Anarchy and Confusion § But this appeareth more manifestly when Kings or Persons of Authority under them or other Governors in States are endowed with Learning Plato de Rep. 5. For although he might be thought

a Loadstone cast in this doubt Whether or no ponderous bodies after a great distance and long discontinuance from the earth may not put off their motion towards the inferior Globe § The two ensignes which Pan bears in his hands doe point the one at Harmony the other at Empirie for the Pipe of seven Reeds doth evidently demonstrate the consent and Harmony or discordant concord of Nature which is caused by the motion of the seaven wandring starres for there are no other Errors or manifest Expatiations in heaven save those of the seaven Planets which being intermingled and moderated with the equality of the fixed starres and their perpetuall and invariable distance one from the other may maintaine and excite both the constancy in specificall and the fluency of Individuall Natures If there be any lesser Planets which are not conspicuous or any greater Mutation in heaven as in many superlunary Comets they seem but like Pipes either altogether mute or only streperous for a time because their influence either doth not stream down so low as to us or doth not long interrupt the Harmony of the seaven Pipes of Pan. And that Staffe of Empirie may be excellently applied to the order of Nature which is partly right partly crooked And this staffe or rodde is especially crooked at the upper end because all the works of Divine Providence are commonly fetcht about by circuits and windings so that one thing may seem to be done and yet indeed a clean contrary brought to passe as the selling of Ioseph into Aegypt and the like Gen. 45. Besides in all wise humane Goverment they that sit at the helme doe more happily bring their purposes about and insinuate more easily things fit for the people by pretexts and oblique courses than by downe-right dealing Nay which perchance may seem very strange in things meerely naturall you may sooner deceive nature than force her so improper and selfe-impeaching are open direct proceedings whereas on the other side an oblique and an insinuing way gently glides along and compasseth the intended effect § Pans Cloak or Mantle is ingeniously faigned to be the Skin of a Leopard because it is full of spots so the Heavens are spotted with starres the Sea with Ilands the Land with flowers and every particular creature also is for most part garnished with diverse colours about the superficies which is as it were a Mantle unto it § The office of Pan could be by nothing so conceived and exprest to the life as by faigning him to be the God of Hunters for every naturall Action and so by consequence motion and progression is nothing else but a Hunting Arts and Sciences have their works and humane Counsils their ends which they earnestly hunt after All naturall things have either their food as a Prey or their pleasure as a recreation which they seek for and that in a quick-discursive and discerning way Virg. B. 2. Torva leaena Lupum sequitur Lupus ipse Capellum Florentem Cythisum sequitur lasciva Capella § Pan is also said to be the God of the Country Swaines because men of this condition lead lives more agreeable unto Nature than those that live in the Citties and Courts of Princes where Nature by too much Art is corrupted so as the saying of the Poet though in the sense of love may be here verified Mart. Ep. Pars minima est ipsa puella sui § Pan was held to be Lo. President of the Mountaines because in high Mountaines and Hills Nature laies hir selfe most open and is most displaied to the view and contemplation of men § Whereas Pan is said to be next unto Mercury the Messenger of the Gods there is in that a Divine Mystery contained because next unto the word of God the Image of the world proclaimes the Divine power and wisdome as records the sacred Poet Psal 19. The Heavens proclaime the Glory of God and the vast Expansion reports the works of his hands § The Nymphs that is the Soules of living things give great delight to Pan for the soules of the living are the Minions of the World The Conduct of these Nymphs is with great reason attributed to Pan because these Nymphs or Soules of the liveing doe follow their naturall disposition as their guides and with infinite variety every one of them after the fashion of his country doth leap and dance with uncessant motion about hir N. L. Wherefore one of the Moderne very ingeniously hath reduced all the power of the Soule into Motion noteing the misprision and precipitancy of some of the ancients who fixing their eyes and thoughts with unadvised hast upon Memory Imagination and Reason have past over the Cogitative faculty untoucht which hath a chiefe part in the order of conception For he that calleth a thing into his mind whether by impression or recordation cogitateth and considereth and he that imployeth the faculty of his phansie also cogitateth and he that reasoneth doth in like manner cogitate or advise and to be briefe the Soule of man whether admonisht by sense or left to her own liberty whether in functions of the Intellect or of the affections and of the will dances to the musicall aires of the cogitations which is that tripudiation of the Nymphs § The Satyres and Sileni are perpetuall followers of Pan that is old age and youth for of all naturall things there is a lively jocund and as I may say a danceing age and a dull flegmatique age the carriages and dispositions of both which ages may peradventure seeme to a man which seriously observes them as ridiculous and deformed as those of the Satyres or of the Sileni § Touching the Terrors which Pan is said to be the Author of there may be made a wise instruction namely that Nature hath implanted in every living thing a kind of care and feare tending to the preservation of its own life and being and to the repelling and shunning of all hurtfull encounters And yet Nature knows not how to keepe a mean but alwaies intermixeth vaine and empty fears with such as are discreet and profitable so that all things if their insides might be seen would appear full of Panique frights but specially Men and above all other men the people which are wonderfully travailed and tossed with superstition specially in hard and formidable and adverse times which indeed is nothing else but a Panique terror Nor doth this superstition raigne only in the vulgar but from popular opinions breaks out some times upon wise men as Divinely Epicurus if the rest of his discourses touching the Gods had bin conformable to this rule Non Deos vulgi negare prophanum Laert. in Epicur sed vulgi opiniones diis applicare prophanum § Concerning the audacity of Pan and his combate upon challenge with Cupid the meaning of it is that matter wants not inclination and desire to the relapsing and dissolution of the World into the old Chaos if hir malice

H aabbb I abaaa K abaab L ababa M ababb N abbaa O abbab P abbba Q abbbb R baaaa S baaab T baaba V baabb W babaa X babab Y babba Z babbb Neither is it a small matter these Cypher-Characters have and may performe For by this Art a way is opened whereby a man may expresse and signifie the intentions of his minde at any distance of place by objects which may be presented to the eye and accommodated to the eare provided those objects be capable of a twofold difference onely as by Bells by Trumpets by Lights and Torches by the report of Muskets and any instruments of like nature But to pursue our enterprise when you addresse your selfe to write resolve your inward-infolded Letter into this Bi-literarie Alphabet Say the interiour Letter be Fuge Example of Solution F. Aabab V. baabb G. aabba E aabaa Together with this you must have ready at hand a Bi-formed Alphabet which may represent all the Letters of the Common Alphabet as well Capitall Letters as the Smaller Characters in a double forme as may fit every mans occasion An Example of a Bi-formed Alphabet a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a b. a. b. a. b. a. b. AA a. a. B. B. b. b. C. C. c. c. D. D. d. d. a b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. E. E. e. e. F. F. f. f. G. G. g. g. H. H. h. h. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. J. J. i. i. K. K. k. k. L. L. l. l. M. M. m. m. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. N. N. n. n. O. O. o. o. P. P. p. p. Q. Q. q. q. R. b. a. b. a. b. ab a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a b. R. r. r. S. S. s. s. T. T. t. t. V. V. v. v. u. u. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. a. b. W. W. w. w. X. X. x. x. Y. Y. y. y. Z. Z. z. z. Now to the interiour letter which is Biliterate you shall fit a biformed exteriour letter which shall answer the other letter for letter and afterwards set it downe Let the exteriour example be Manere te volo donec venero An Example of Accommodation F V G E aabab baabb aabba aabaa Manere te volo donec venero We have annext likewise a more ample example of the cypher of writing omnia per omnia An interiour letter which to expresse we have made choice of a Spartan letter sent once in a Scytale or round cypher'd staffe Perditae Res. Mindarus cecidit Milites esuriunt Neque hinc nos extricaraeneque hic diutiùs manere possumus An exteriour letter taken out of the first Epistle of Cicero wherein a Spartan Letter is involved Ego omni officio ac potius pietate ergate caeteris satisfacio omnibus Mihi ipsenunquàm satisfacio Tanta est enim magnitudo tuorum erga me meritorum vt quoniam tu nisi perfectâre de me non conquiêsti ego quia non idem in tuâ causâ efficio vitam mihi esse acerbum putem In causâ haec sunt Ammonius Regis Legatus apertè pecuniâ nos oppugnat Res agitur per eosdem creditores per quos cùm tu aderas agebatur Regis causâ si qui sunt qui velint qui pauci sunt omnes ad Pompeium rem deferri volunt Senatus Religionis calumniam non religione sed maleuolentia et illius Regiae Largitionis inuidiâ comprobat c. The knowledge of Cyphering hath drawne on with it a knowledge relative unto it which is the knowledge of Discyphering or of Discreting Cyphers though a man were utterly ignorant of the Alphabet of the Cypher and the Capitulations of secrecy past between the Parties Certainly it is an Art which requires great paines and a good witt and is as the other was consecrate to the Counsels of Princes yet notwithstanding by diligent prevision it may be made unprofitable though as things are it be of great use For if good and faithfull Cyphers were invented practised many of them would delude and forestall all the Cunning of the Decypherer which yet are very apt and easie to be read or written but the rawnesse and unskitfulnesse of Secretaries and Clarks in the Courts of Princes is such that many times the greatest matters are Committed to futile and weake Cyphers But it may be that in the enumeration and as it were taxation of Arts some may thinke that we goe about to make a great Muster-rowle of Sciences that the multiplication of them may be more admired when their number perchance may be displayed but their forces in so short a Treatise can hardly be tried But for our parts wee doe faithfully pursue our purpose and in making this Globe of Sciences we would not omitt the lesser and remoter Ilands Neither have we in our opinion touched these Arts perfunctorily though cursorily but with a piercing stile extracted the marrow and pith of them out of a masse of matter The judgement hereof we referre to those who are most able to judge of these Arts. For seeing it is the fashion of many who would be thought to know much that every where making ostentation of words and outward termes of Arts they become a wonder to the ignorant but a derision to those that are Masters of those Arts we hope that our Labours shall have a contrarie successe which is that they may arrest the judgment of every one who is best vers'd in every particular Art and be undervalued by the rest As for those Arts which may seeme to bee of inferior ranke and order if any man thinke wee attribute too much unto them Let him looke about him and hee shall see that there bee many of speciall note and great account in their owne Countrie who when they come to the chiefe City or seat of the Estate are but of mean ranke and scarcely regarded so it is no marvaile if these sleighter Arts placed by the Principall and supreme Sciences seeme pettie things yet to those that have chosen to spend their labours and studies in them they seeme great and excellent matters And thus much of the Organ of Speech CAP. II. 1. The Doctrine touching the Method of Speech is assigned a substantiall and principall part of Traditive knowledge It is entituled The wisedome of Deliverie 2. The divers kindes of Methods are enumerated their Profits and Disprofits are annexed 3. The parts of Method two I. LEt us now come to the doctrine concerning the Method of Speech This hath bin handled as a part of Logick so it hath found a place in Rhetoricke by the name of Disposition But the placeing of it as a part of the Traine of other Arts hath bin the cause that many things which referre unto it and are usefull to be knowne are pretermiss'd wherefore we thought good to constitute a substantiall and