can_v never_o learn_v he_o enter_v into_o a_o alliance_n with_o jaroâ—â—_n marriage_n duke_n of_o russia_n son_n to_o vlodomirus_fw-la and_o 〈◊〉_d ry_v his_o sister_n mary_n afterward_o call_v doâ—â—neva_n who_o mother_n be_v the_o princess_n 〈◊〉_d sister_n to_o basil_n and_o constantine_n emperoun_n constantinople_n he_o conquer_v the_o province_n of_o masoâ—â—_n war_n where_o now_o lie_v warsaw_n and_o defeat_v â—â—_o army_n of_o maslaus_n than_o duke_n of_o that_o coâ—â—try_n who_o retire_v among_o the_o neighbourâ—â—_n barbarian_n not_o long_o after_o return_v 〈◊〉_d great_a force_n and_o ravage_v masoviaâ—â—_n â—â—_z along_o to_o the_o vistula_n but_o be_v soon_o meet_v 〈◊〉_d overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n by_o casimir_n whâ—â—_n fly_v to_o his_o friend_n as_o he_o think_v that_o 〈◊〉_d assist_v he_o they_o take_v flay_v and_o fasten_v 〈◊〉_d to_o a_o exceed_a high_a cross_n say_v 34._o that_o be_v but_o just_a that_o he_o shall_v be_v exalt_v who_o aâ—â—_n tion_n be_v so_o boundless_a afterward_o casimir_n beiâ—â—_n mindful_a of_o the_o benefit_n he_o former_o receiuâ—â—_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o clunie_n send_v thither_o great_a prâ—â—sents_n and_o offering_n at_o length_n this_o good_a king_n have_v settle_a hâ—â—_n issue_n kingdom_n in_o its_o former_a tranquillity_n die_v and_o leave_v three_o son_n boleslaus_n vladislaus_n and_o miâ—â—cistaus_n and_o one_o daughter_n suentochna_n he_o be_v â—â—yed_v at_o posnan_n in_o the_o year_n 1058._o 1059._o boleslaus_n ii_o his_o son_n surname_v the_o d_o succeed_v he_o who_o reign_v 23_o year_n n_o the_o beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o have_v war_n war_n â—â—h_v the_o hungarian_n bohemian_n russian_n and_o â—â—ssians_n all_o cause_v by_o the_o protect_a of_o three_o â—â—les_n he_o vigorous_o maintain_v the_o cause_n bela_n prince_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v then_o marâ—â—d_v to_o his_o aunt_n and_o banish_v by_o king_n anâ—â—_n whereupon_o he_o dethrone_v andrew_n and_o â—â—wned_a bela_n king_n of_o hungary_n notwithstandâ—â—_n the_o considerable_a succour_n send_v to_o andrewâ—â—_n â—â—_z of_o germany_n and_o bohemia_n afterward_o reâ—â—ning_v into_o poland_n he_o marry_v viseslava_n marriage_n ughter_n and_o heiress_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n by_o they_o he_o have_v that_o dukedom_n for_o a_o portion_n 73._o towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o come_v very_o dissolute_a and_o lewd_a oppress_v the_o â—â—ple_n with_o extraordinary_a and_o insupportable_a x_n take_v away_o public_o gentleman_n die_n to_o satisfy_v his_o lust_n can_v not_o endure_v â—â—_o that_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o irregularity_n wish_v such_o as_o complain_v of_o his_o tyrannical_a vice_n government_n and_o at_o length_n kill_v stanislaus_n â—â—zepanovius_fw-la bishop_n of_o cracow_n for_o refuse_v â—â—_o the_o sacrament_n of_o the_o altar_n the_o manner_n which_o be_v thus_o boleslaus_n continue_v in_o enormous_a crime_n and_o extravagancy_n this_o odd_a man_n earnest_o entreat_v he_o to_o amend_v life_n but_o perceive_v his_o obstinacy_n one_o y_o he_o refuse_v he_o the_o communion_n which_o be_v prince_n be_v high_o offend_v at_o watch_v a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_n and_o a_o little_a while_n after_o as_o the_o bishop_n be_v officiate_a at_o mass_n he_o give_v he_o such_o a_o blow_n with_o his_o sabre_n that_o he_o make_v his_o brain_n fly_v against_o the_o wall_n and_o afterward_o his_o guard_n enter_v cut_v the_o good_a bishop_n to_o piece_n hereupon_o he_o be_v soon_o pursue_v with_o vatican_n thunder_n and_o consequent_o render_v odious_a to_o his_o subject_n wherefore_o fear_v some_o conspiracy_n may_v be_v kingdom_n raise_v against_o he_o he_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n and_o retire_v with_o his_o son_n miecislaus_fw-la which_o he_o have_v by_o his_o queen_n viseslava_n to_o ladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n where_o it_o be_v report_v that_o out_o of_o death_n mere_a madness_n he_o afterward_o kill_v himself_o this_o bishop_n stanislaus_n be_v canonize_v by_o pope_n gregory_n vii_o and_o have_v all_o along_o from_o thence_o poland_n be_v receive_v for_o the_o patron_n of_o poland_n the_o pope_n also_o excommunicate_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o boleslaus_n his_o successor_n be_v for_o a_o ceases_z considerable_a time_n 40._o deprive_v of_o the_o title_n of_o king_n next_o come_v 1082._o uladislaus_n hermannus_n brother_n to_o boleslaus_n to_o be_v elect_v who_o be_v afraid_a of_o the_o pope_n or_o else_o fear_v his_o brother_n return_n will_v only_o accept_v of_o the_o title_n of_o 45._o prince_n he_o recall_v his_o nephew_n miecislaus_fw-la who_o die_v in_o six_o year_n after_o he_o build_v many_o church_n and_o monastery_n all_o which_o he_o rich_o endow_v this_o prince_n also_o bring_v over_o the_o rebellious_a war_n pomeranian_o and_o prussian_n and_o defeat_v likewise_o the_o army_n of_o vratislaus_n prince_n of_o bohemia_n who_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iv._o have_v dignify_v with_o the_o character_n of_o king_n give_v he_o moreover_o a_o right_n over_o poland_n though_o he_o have_v no_o title_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o his_o predecessor_n otho_n iii_o when_o he_o crown_v boleslaus_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v renounce_v both_o for_o himself_o and_o his_o successor_n all_o claim_n to_o that_o kingdom_n nay_o i_o hear_v the_o pole_n themselves_o say_v that_o this_o be_v rather_o a_o piece_n of_o civility_n in_o otho_n than_o any_o obligation_n upon_o they_o their_o country_n have_v never_o be_v conquer_v by_o any_o foreigner_n not_o even_o by_o the_o roman_n themselves_o marriage_n he_o marry_v judith_n daughter_n of_o vratislaus_n king_n of_o bohemia_n by_o who_o he_o have_v boleslaus_n iii_o surname_v krivoustus_n or_o the_o wry-mouthed_a and_o afterward_o by_o a_o daughter_n of_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n he_o have_v three_o daughter_n he_o die_v death_n in_o the_o fifty_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v bury_v at_o ploscow_n and_o succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 1103._o boleslaus_n iii_o surname_v krivoustus_n or_o the_o wry-mouthed_a he_o be_v the_o most_o warlike_a and_o successful_a prince_n that_o poland_n ever_o have_v and_o at_o length_n subdue_v his_o bastard_n brother_n sbigneius_n that_o rebel_v war_n against_o he_o who_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o cause_n to_o be_v 60._o murder_v but_o of_o all_o other_o his_o contest_v with_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v._o be_v most_o famous_a which_o be_v as_o follow_v this_o emperor_n have_v declare_v war_n against_o colomannus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o engage_v the_o bohemian_n on_o his_o side_n boleslaus_n join_v colomannus_n and_o to_o make_v a_o strong_a diversion_n enter_v bohemia_n and_o destroy_v the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o country_n whereupon_o to_o be_v revenge_v on_o boleslaus_n the_o emperor_n surprise_v the_o province_n of_o silesia_n and_o marchia_n which_o be_v then_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n and_o have_v be_v absolute_a master_n of_o they_o have_v not_o boleslaus_n speedy_o march_v with_o a_o army_n to_o oppose_v he_o who_o find_v his_o enemy_n much_o superior_a in_o number_n at_o first_o think_v it_o better_a to_o compose_v the_o matter_n amicable_o and_o therefore_o send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o treat_v of_o peace_n to_o which_o the_o emperor_n think_v he_o have_v the_o advantage_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n condescend_v except_o upon_o very_o dishonourable_a term_n for_o the_o pole_n 55._o and_o hereupon_o lead_v scarbicus_n the_o ambassador_n to_o see_v his_o treasure_n he_o tell_v he_o that_o that_o point_v to_o his_o gold_n will_v bring_v the_o pole_n to_o what_o term_n he_o please_v at_o which_o scarbicus_n be_v high_o affront_v take_v off_o a_o gold_n ring_n from_o his_o finger_n and_o throw_v it_o into_o the_o treasury_n say_v whatever_o be_v your_o imperial_a majesty_n opinion_n i_o do_v not_o question_v but_o the_o polish_v iron_n mean_v their_o sword_n will_v prove_v as_o good_a metal_n as_o the_o german_a gold_n which_o say_v he_o immediate_o take_v his_o leave_n and_o return_v to_o his_o master_n acquaint_v he_o with_o his_o negotiation_n which_o the_o haughty_a pole_n high_o resent_v resolve_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n which_o he_o do_v and_o by_o the_o bravery_n of_o his_o army_n obtain_v a_o signal_n victory_n in_o the_o dogsfield_n near_o breslaw_n chief_a city_n of_o silesia_n whereupon_o the_o emperor_n immediate_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o he_o give_v he_o marriage_n his_o sister_n adleida_n in_o marriage_n and_o his_o daughter_n christina_n to_o his_o young_a son_n vladislaus_n this_o prince_n force_v the_o pomeranian_o to_o the_o christian_a faith_n which_o they_o have_v often_o reject_v before_o the_o pole_n all_o this_o while_n be_v in_o possession_n of_o silesia_n but_o afterward_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n conquer_v it_o and_o therefore_o it_o consequent_o now_o be_v under_o the_o emperor_n 74._o it_o be_v report_v of_o this_o prince_n that_o he_o have_v fight_v forty_o seven_o battle_n with_o success_n except_o success_n one_o only_o with_o the_o red_a russian_n which_o be_v mere_o lose_v through_o the_o cowardice_n of_o a_o
besiege_a friend_n when_o meet_v with_o conrade_n who_o come_v to_o oppose_v he_o near_o the_o river_n roba_fw-la he_o entire_o rout_v success_n he_o and_o force_v he_o back_o again_o into_o his_o own_o country_n this_o happen_v about_o the_o year_n 1285._o death_n this_o prince_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o trinity_n at_o cracow_n lescus_n the_o vi_o leave_v no_o child_n his_o kingdom_n consequent_o fall_v into_o great_a distraction_n for_o vladislaus_n locticus_n his_o brother_n seize_v on_o the_o palatinate_n of_o siradia_n and_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o ploskow_n brother_n to_o conrade_n duke_n of_o masovia_n on_o the_o palatinate_v of_o cracovia_n and_o sendomir_n but_o this_o latter_a be_v soon_o dispossess_v by_o 1290._o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n surname_v the_o honest_a of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n in_o the_o year_n 1290_o who_o be_v likewise_o not_o long_o after_o turn_v out_o by_o locticus_n but_o soon_o restore_v and_o reign_v in_o quality_n of_o king_n for_o the_o space_n of_o five_o year_n though_o i_o do_v not_o read_v he_o be_v crown_v he_o appoint_v premislus_n duke_n of_o great_a poland_n for_o his_o successor_n be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n likewise_o this_o premislus_n also_o have_v the_o province_n of_o pomerania_n leave_v he_o by_o miescingus_n prince_n of_o that_o country_n 1296._o premislus_n in_o the_o thirty_o eight_o year_n of_o his_o age_n be_v crown_v king_n at_o gnesna_n by_o james_n swinka_n archbishop_n of_o that_o city_n in_o the_o restore_v year_n 1296_o which_o be_v a_o honour_n that_o have_v not_o be_v 40._o do_v to_o any_o prince_n of_o poland_n before_o for_o above_o two_o hundred_o year_n since_o boleslaus_n the_o bold_a kill_v stanislaus_n at_o the_o altar_n but_o premislus_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v this_o title_n for_o seven_o month_n after_o his_o coronation_n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v murder_v 97._o murder_v by_o some_o brandenburg_n emissary_n that_o marquis_n be_v afraid_a of_o this_o king_n who_o be_v master_n of_o pomerania_n which_o join_v to_o his_o country_n he_o be_v bury_v among_o his_o predecessor_n at_o posnan_n after_o the_o murder_n of_o king_n premislus_n 1296._o uladislaus_n locticus_n so_o call_v from_o the_o word_n 77._o lokiec_n a_o ell_n have_v his_o name_n from_o his_o low_a stature_n brother_n of_o lescus_n the_o black_a be_v choose_v in_o the_o year_n 1296_o and_o reign_v only_o four_o year_n he_o go_v upon_o a_o expedition_n against_o the_o silesian_n that_o be_v war_n incline_v to_o assist_v the_o bohemian_n against_o he_o who_o then_o pretend_v a_o right_n to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n these_o locticus_n subdue_v and_o have_v considerable_o ravage_v their_o country_n return_v home_o where_o he_o afterward_o give_v himself_o up_o to_o a_o lewd_a and_o debauch_a life_n insomuch_o that_o vice_n he_o neglect_v the_o care_n of_o all_o public_a business_n and_o mind_v nothing_o but_o his_o own_o private_a pleasure_n these_o his_o intolerable_a vice_n bring_v upon_o he_o the_o ill-will_a of_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o after_o three_o year_n reign_n they_o pronounce_v he_o unworthy_a of_o the_o sceptre_n and_o resolve_v to_o elect_v another_o hereupon_o locticus_n be_v dethrone_v dethrone_v they_o invite_v 1300._o winceslaus_fw-la king_n of_o bohemia_n to_o accept_v their_o crown_n who_o be_v marry_v to_o rixa_fw-la daughter_n of_o king_n premislus_n and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300_o but_o reign_v only_o to_o 1305._o after_o he_o come_v to_o reign_v he_o persecute_v locticus_n who_o hide_v himself_o for_o some_o time_n but_o be_v force_v at_o last_o to_o quit_v the_o kingdom_n when_o winceslaus_fw-la thus_o see_v himself_o secure_a at_o home_n by_o the_o flight_n of_o locticus_n and_o after_o have_v put_v bohemian_a garrison_n into_o the_o several_a city_n of_o poland_n which_o seem_v very_o policy_n uneasy_a to_o that_o nation_n he_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o go_v and_o settle_v affair_n in_o bohemia_n during_o this_o vladislaus_n locticus_n have_v a_o considerable_a party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o daily_o increase_v on_o account_n of_o discontent_n against_o winceslaus_fw-la and_o have_v get_v together_o several_a troop_n out_o of_o hungary_n he_o march_v direct_o war_n towards_o poland_n hear_v that_o the_o bohemian_a government_n be_v somewhat_o burdensome_a to_o that_o nation_n at_o first_o locticus_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n over_o the_o bohemian_n but_o by_o the_o death_n of_o winceslaus_fw-la which_o follow_v soon_o after_o he_o have_v all_o the_o success_n he_o can_v desire_v for_o the_o bohemian_n who_o have_v possession_n of_o the_o garrison_n find_v themselves_o in_o a_o strange_a country_n and_o moreover_o hate_v and_o ill_o think_v on_o by_o the_o people_n be_v afraid_a of_o a_o insurrection_n against_o they_o and_o therefore_o make_v no_o great_a difficulty_n of_o surrender_v to_o locticus_n all_o those_o city_n and_o town_n they_o have_v possession_n of_o as_o cracow_n sendomir_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o mean_a time_n young_a winceslaus_fw-la come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o father_n kingdom_n with_o locticus_n be_v 118._o murder_v in_o the_o expedition_n it_o be_v think_v by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o bohemian_n have_v ever_o be_v govern_v by_o foreign_a prince_n winceslaus_fw-la king_n death_n of_o poland_n and_o bohemia_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o 147._o prague_n in_o the_o year_n 1305._o 1305._o after_o the_o death_n both_o of_o winceslaus_fw-la the_o father_n and_o son_n vladislaus_n locticus_n be_v restore_v almost_o by_o common_a consent_n in_o the_o year_n 1305_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1333._o and_o this_o they_o do_v either_o because_o they_o think_v he_o have_v have_v time_n to_o repent_v and_o mend_v his_o former_a life_n or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o civil_a war_n if_o they_o shall_v elect_v any_o other_o 119._o notwithstanding_o difficulty_n the_o palatinate_n of_o posnania_n and_o kalisch_n have_v a_o fresh_a memory_n of_o his_o past_a dissolute_a life_n will_v never_o acknowledge_v he_o their_o king_n also_o the_o governor_n of_o pomerania_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o poland_n be_v bribe_v by_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n deliver_v up_o to_o he_o all_o the_o city_n of_o that_o province_n as_o likewise_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n except_o the_o castle_n which_o the_o governor_n thereof_o one_o bogussa_n be_v true_o loyal_a to_o his_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n surrender_v prussia_n in_o these_o day_n the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n be_v full_o settle_v in_o prussia_n be_v both_o very_a strong_a and_o very_a rich._n they_o be_v establish_v there_o by_o agreement_n with_o conrade_n brother_n to_o king_n vladislaus_n lasconogus_n for_o assist_v he_o against_o the_o prussian_n when_o he_o be_v oppress_v by_o they_o they_o there_o build_v some_o year_n before_o the_o city_n of_o 120._o marienburg_n appoint_v for_o build_v residence_n of_o their_o great_a master_n here_o locticus_n be_v oblige_v to_o crave_v their_o aid_n against_o the_o rebel_n of_o pomerania_n and_o dantzic_n which_o they_o ready_o grant_v on_o condition_n that_o half_o the_o garrison_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o dantzic_n shall_v be_v of_o their_o troop_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o soon_o become_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a for_o they_o afterward_o not_o only_o turn_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o the_o pole_n castle_n but_o both_o brandenburgher_n and_o pomeranian_o out_o of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n itself_o and_o likewise_o under_o pretence_n of_o assist_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n conquer_v all_o pomerania_n for_o themselves_o when_o be_v master_n thereof_o they_o offer_v to_o buy_v the_o title_n of_o locticus_n for_o money_n which_o he_o refuse_v then_o they_o offer_v the_o same_o sum_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o renounce_v his_o right_n to_o that_o province_n which_o he_o though_o he_o have_v no_o title_n to_o sell_v yet_o be_v wise_a enough_o to_o accept_v their_o prosser_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o sensible_a of_o all_o these_o affront_v and_o injustice_n offer_v they_o by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n but_o before_o they_o proceed_v to_o revenge_n they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o 123._o acquaint_v the_o pope_n therewith_o who_o live_v then_o at_o avignon_n who_o after_o four_o year_n delay_n and_o debate_n order_v the_o knight_n to_o give_v due_a fatisfaction_n to_o the_o pole_n but_o they_o have_v have_v four_o year_n respite_n to_o fortify_v themselves_o and_o to_o make_v strong_a alliance_n with_o some_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o beside_o have_v a_o very_a considerable_a army_n on_o foot_n answer_v his_o holiness_n that_o they_o have_v often_o do_v great_a service_n for_o poland_n that_o that_o kingdom_n owe_v they_o sum_n of_o money_n and_o that_o they_o presume_v that_o not_o only_o the_o land_n they_o be_v in_o possession_n of_o in_o prussia_n and_o pomerania_n
be_v lawful_o they_o but_o that_o also_o they_o think_v the_o pole_n oblige_v to_o give_v they_o either_o more_o land_n or_o more_o money_n to_o recompense_v the_o several_a kindness_n they_o have_v do_v pope_n they_o hereupon_o the_o pope_n excommunicate_v this_o order_n and_o the_o pole_n under_o command_n of_o their_o king_n march_v direct_o against_o '_o they_o here_o locticus_n make_v a_o eloquent_a speech_n to_o army_n his_o army_n represent_v the_o many_o affront_v and_o injustice_n they_o have_v receive_v from_o a_o little_a sect_n of_o people_n to_o which_o his_o predecessor_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v out_o of_o mere_a goodness_n give_v their_o protection_n when_o banish_v from_o their_o own_o country_n by_o the_o saracen_n then_o he_o enlarge_v upon_o the_o covetousness_n and_o ambition_n of_o this_o order_n and_o conclude_v by_o encourage_v his_o man_n to_o fight_v brave_o and_o not_o suffer_v those_o to_o become_v their_o master_n who_o be_v at_o first_o their_o vassal_n hereupon_o the_o pole_n animate_v by_o this_o speech_n of_o their_o king_n though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n yet_o fight_v so_o sierce_o and_o brave_o that_o they_o entire_o rout_v the_o teutonic_n order_n order_n and_o kill_v about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o their_o man_n though_o they_o themselves_o have_v have_v the_o presumption_n to_o affirm_v that_o they_o do_v not_o lose_v above_o five_o or_o six_o hundred_o 131._o among_o the_o wound_a there_o be_v one_o florianus_n szari_n knight_n of_o that_o order_n who_o have_v his_o belly_n open_v with_o a_o scymiter_n and_o his_o gut_n drop_v out_o which_o he_o hold_v up_o with_o his_o hand_n the_o king_n pass_v by_o pity_v he_o whereupon_o the_o knight_n say_v to_o he_o sir_n a_o man_n in_o his_o village_n suffer_v more_o than_o i_o do_v when_o he_o have_v bad_a neighbour_n the_o king_n admire_v at_o this_o die_a man_n thought_n immediate_o cause_v his_o surgeon_n to_o take_v care_n of_o he_o and_o when_o he_o be_v well_o give_v he_o land_n that_o have_v no_o bad_a neighbour_n about_o it_o 78._o this_o vladislaus_n it_o seem_v not_o be_v thorough_o satisfy_v with_o premislus_n his_o right_n to_o transmit_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o his_o posterity_n without_o leave_n of_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o ambassador_n to_o his_o holiness_n to_o request_v a_o liberty_n for_o himself_o pope_n and_o his_o queen_n hedwigis_fw-la to_o be_v crown_v which_o be_v forthwith_o grant_v and_o the_o ceremony_n perform_v in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o cracow_n by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o other_o bishop_n in_o the_o year_n 1320._o the_o king_n long_o after_o die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n in_o the_o year_n 1333._o 1333._o casimir_n the_o great_a succeed_v his_o father_n locticus_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1333_o and_o knight_n reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1370._o he_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n that_o be_v not_o at_o all_o advantageous_a or_o honourable_a to_o the_o polish_v nation_n the_o knight_n be_v thereby_o still_o to_o remain_v in_o possession_n of_o prussia_n dantzic_n and_o pomerania_n notwithstanding_o the_o threaten_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o his_o bull_n of_o excommunication_n this_o casimir_n have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v the_o last_o male_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n wherefore_o that_o the_o crown_n may_v not_o go_v altogether_o out_o of_o his_o family_n before_o his_o death_n he_o 166._o prevail_v with_o the_o pole_n to_o elect_v charles_n king_n of_o hungary_n his_o own_o sister_n son_n but_o he_o die_v before_o casimir_n his_o son_n lewis_n be_v choose_v the_o pole_n have_v several_a conquest_n time_n conquer_v russia_n but_o it_o be_v never_o enjoy_v peaceable_o till_o casimir_n time_n who_o have_v have_v better_a success_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n annex_v it_o as_o a_o province_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v likewise_o conquer_v by_o he_o and_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n 135._o the_o pole_n have_v never_o hitherto_o any_o write_a law_n and_o but_o very_o few_o make_v deed_n till_o casimir_n begin_v to_o make_v institution_n name_n judge_n create_v magistrate_n build_v fort_n and_o to_o establish_v a_o better_a oeconomy_n in_o the_o kingdom_n than_o any_o prince_n before_o he_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n seem_v very_o rational_a and_o political_a to_o he_o have_v have_v a_o sensible_a experience_n of_o the_o good_a government_n of_o this_o order_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n wherefore_o he_o introduce_v their_o law_n into_o poland_n which_o have_v continue_v ever_o since_o and_o be_v call_v the_o magdeburg_n law_n character_n this_o casimir_n be_v a_o very_a lewd_a prince_n but_o withal_o exceed_o liberal_a and_o just_a he_o keep_v a_o jewish_a concubine_n at_o who_o request_n he_o grant_v great_a privilege_n to_o that_o people_n he_o gain_v so_o well_o the_o good_a opinion_n and_o affection_n of_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o be_v style_v the_o father_n of_o the_o poor_a and_o a_o great_a many_o 122._o german_n who_o be_v oppress_v by_o their_o own_o prince_n in_o his_o time_n come_v into_o poland_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o inhabit_v the_o foot_n of_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n the_o daughter_n of_o boguslaus_fw-la duke_n of_o pomerania_n be_v then_o marry_v to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n casimir_n celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n with_o great_a splendour_n and_o magnisicence_n at_o cracow_n where_o assist_v lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n sigismond_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o petrua_n king_n of_o cyprus_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o many_o prince_n of_o germany_n poland_n and_o other_o country_n valachia_n at_o that_o time_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o republic_n of_o itself_o have_v before_o have_v governor_n which_o they_o call_v hospodar_n the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v dead_a and_o his_o child_n aspire_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n casimir_n send_v a_o army_n to_o support_v war_n they_o but_o by_o a_o ambush_n of_o the_o valachian_n place_v in_o a_o wood_n be_v entire_o defeat_v casimir_n die_v soon_o after_o this_o of_o a_o fall_n from_o his_o death_n horse_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n this_o king_n reign_v thirty_o seven_o year_n and_o live_v sixty_o 102._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o great_a be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o have_v have_v that_o title_n among_o the_o polish_v prince_n not_o because_o he_o have_v gain_v a_o great_a many_o victory_n but_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o many_o beautiful_a structure_n and_o fortress_n he_o have_v build_v as_o likewise_o of_o the_o many_o beneficial_a law_n and_o constituion_n which_o he_o have_v make_v casimir_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n have_v cause_v his_o own_o nephew_n by_o his_o sister_n 1370._o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n to_o be_v elect_v for_o his_o successor_n during_o his_o life-time_n who_o be_v crown_v according_o in_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o and_o reign_v 12_o year_n the_o pole_n be_v not_o extraordinary_o well_o satisfy_v with_o he_o be_v a_o foreign_a prince_n and_o therefore_o oath_n oblige_v he_o before_o they_o will_v crown_v he_o to_o take_v a_o 13._o oath_n not_o only_o to_o maintain_v their_o former_a privilege_n but_o also_o to_o enlarge_v they_o for_o hitherto_o the_o successor_n of_o piastus_n have_v almost_o have_v a_o absolute_a power_n in_o poland_n a_o great_a deal_n more_o than_o their_o present_a king_n have_v hungary_n after_o some_o time_n lewis_n be_v force_v to_o return_v into_o hungary_n to_o settle_v some_o affair_n there_o when_o he_o leave_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n during_o his_o absence_n to_o his_o mother_n elizabeth_n his_o go_v away_o occasion_v great_a trouble_n for_o the_o russian_n rebel_v and_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v incursion_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n also_o be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o town_n in_o the_o hand_n of_o hungarian_a garrison_n and_o beside_o they_o be_v so_o much_o displease_v with_o their_o king_n be_v leave_v they_o to_o the_o government_n of_o his_o mother_n who_o they_o neither_o love_v nor_o esteem_v that_o they_o send_v to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o they_o think_v it_o honour_n enough_o for_o himself_o to_o govern_v poland_n all_o these_o trouble_n and_o distrust_v soon_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o return_v into_o poland_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n of_o hungarian_n where_o he_o first_o march_v war_n against_o the_o rebel_n russian_n and_o subdue_v they_o next_o against_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o oblige_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n soon_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o be_v death_n bury_v at_o belgrade_n in_o hungary_n in_o the_o 56th_o year_n of_o his_o age_n have_v reign_v 12_o year_n he_o issue_n leave_v two_o daughter_n but_o no_o son_n one_o of_o which_o marry_v to_o sigismond_n the_o emperor_n
then_o busy_v in_o other_o war_n answer_v he_o can_v spare_v they_o none_o but_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o have_v recourse_n to_o who_o protection_n they_o think_v fit_a some_o therefore_o among_o they_o put_v themselves_o under_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n but_o the_o archbishop_n of_o riga_n and_o the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n request_v the_o assistance_n of_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n grant_v it_o they_o unless_o they_o will_v submit_v themselves_o entire_o to_o his_o obedience_n and_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n according_o next_o that_o they_o shall_v give_v up_o all_o their_o town_n and_o country_n and_o last_o annex_v livonia_n for_o ever_o to_o poland_n to_o these_o term_n the_o livonian_o be_v neither_o ready_a nor_o willing_a to_o submit_v however_o at_o length_n they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o condescend_v to_o these_o proposal_n than_o be_v force_v to_o accept_v of_o worse_a from_o the_o irresistible_a fury_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o therefore_o poland_n have_v mature_o deliberate_v on_o the_o matter_n consent_v that_o gothotre_v ketler_n a_o gentleman_n of_o westphalia_n then_o great_a master_n and_o general_n of_o their_o army_n shall_v public_o abdicate_v his_o mastership_n and_o give_v up_o to_o nicholas_n radzivil_n palatin_n of_o vilna_n depute_v for_o that_o purpose_n by_o the_o king_n the_o city_n and_o citadel_n of_o riga_n and_o declare_v livonia_n from_o thenceforward_o subject_a to_o poland_n which_o be_v according_o do_v and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o order_n of_o the_o king_n his_o master_n radzivil_n proclaim_v semigallia_n gothotre_v ketler_n 8._o duke_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n which_o be_v two_o province_n of_o livonia_n and_o next_o day_n by_o further_a order_n declare_v he_o viceroy_n and_o governor_n of_o livonia_n these_o two_o province_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n ketler_n posterity_n have_v enjoy_v ever_o since_o by_o hereditary_a succession_n but_o still_o as_o vassal_n to_o poland_n upon_o this_o agreement_n the_o king_n declare_v muscovite_n war_n immediate_o against_o the_o muscovite_n who_o be_v then_o very_o strong_a have_v just_a before_o take_v from_o the_o tartar_n the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a and_o casan_n nevertheless_o he_o defeat_v their_o army_n upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o lithuania_n and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n but_o they_o soon_o return_v a_o second_o time_n command_v by_o their_o czar_n john_n basilowit_v though_o with_o as_o little_a success_n as_o before_o 255._o this_o czar_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v a_o most_o cruel_a tyrant_n it_o have_v be_v his_o chief_a diversion_n to_o invent_v new_a way_n of_o torture_v insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v say_v that_o to_o boil_v and_o roast_v both_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o the_o prisoner_n he_o take_v be_v the_o least_o punishment_n he_o make_v they_o suffer_v it_o will_v be_v both_o tedious_a and_o horrid_a to_o hear_v all_o the_o torture_n he_o use_v towards_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o recompense_v such_o as_o invent_v new_a way_n of_o torture_n but_o these_o his_o inhuman_a cruelty_n do_v so_o exasperate_v his_o subject_n that_o sigismond_n find_v no_o great_a difficulty_n to_o force_v he_o to_o a_o peace_n after_o this_o sigismond_n send_v a_o small_a army_n into_o valachia_n to_o support_v bogdan_n in_o his_o intention_n to_o make_v himself_o prince_n thereof_o but_o the_o valachian_n assist_v by_o the_o turk_n soon_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o return_v home_o propagate_v etc._n in_o this_o king_n reign_n the_o lutheran_n religion_n get_v great_a ground_n in_o poland_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o be_v a_o quarrel_n upon_o account_n of_o a_o whore_n between_o the_o courtier_n and_o scholar_n which_o induce_v the_o latter_a to_o retire_v into_o germany_n where_o they_o first_o imbibe_v these_o principle_n and_o which_o upon_o their_o return_n they_o not_o a_o little_a propagate_v in_o their_o own_o country_n the_o first_o person_n of_o note_n that_o embrace_v this_o religion_n be_v johannes_n a_o lasco_n palatin_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi who_o in_o the_o year_n 1540_o leave_v his_o government_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n and_o england_n and_o at_o his_o return_n convert_v several_a to_o that_o persuasion_n all_o this_o while_n the_o king_n give_v disturbance_n to_o none_o that_o abjure_v the_o roman_a faith_n but_o rather_o 394._o favour_v they_o have_v hear_v several_a of_o their_o preacher_n in_o his_o court_n particular_o two_o johannes_n cosminis_fw-la and_o laurencius_fw-la prasnitius_n which_o occasion_v most_o of_o the_o bishop_n to_o be_v incline_v to_o that_o belief_n here_o can_v well_o be_v omit_v a_o great_a escape_n king_n sigismond_n have_v at_o koningsberg_n in_o ducal_z prussia_n whither_o be_v invite_v by_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o at_o his_o reception_n salute_v with_o all_o the_o cannon_n by_o negligence_n of_o a_o gunner_n a_o bullet_n be_v leave_v in_o one_o of_o they_o which_o when_o fire_v come_v so_o near_o the_o king_n as_o to_o dash_v out_o one_o etc._n wisnoviec_n brain_n who_o march_v just_a behind_o he_o babina_n in_o sigismund_n 395._o time_n flourish_v the_o jocular_a commonwealth_n of_o babina_n consist_v of_o several_a merry_a gentleman_n of_o lublin_n who_o meet_v together_o at_o a_o place_n call_v babin_n to_o exercise_v their_o wit_n upon_o all_o occasion_n this_o meeting_n to_o procure_v the_o great_a respect_n for_o their_o proceed_n they_o model_v into_o the_o form_n of_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v a_o king_n and_o senate_n together_o with_o divers_a officer_n and_o magistrate_n as_o whenever_o any_o among_o they_o talk_v out_o of_o his_o sphere_n and_o meddle_v with_o matter_n that_o do_v no_o way_n belong_v to_o he_o they_o create_v he_o a_o archbishop_n or_o palatin_n such_o a_o one_o as_o make_v a_o great_a many_o blunder_n and_o delight_v in_o contradiction_n they_o choose_v for_o their_o speaker_n or_o chancellor_n and_o whoever_o boast_v too_o inordinate_o of_o his_o valour_n they_o prefer_v to_o be_v their_o general_n pass_v immediate_o a_o patent_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o which_o be_v to_o be_v present_v to_o he_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o submission_n by_o the_o bragadochio_n of_o a_o minor_a character_n but_o if_o the_o person_n elect_v refuse_v this_o command_n they_o persecute_v he_o with_o hiss_v and_o hoot_v till_o he_o have_v accept_v it_o thus_o they_o create_v several_a other_o senator_n of_o different_a quality_n whence_o it_o follow_v that_o in_o short_a time_n they_o become_v judicious_a censurer_n wary_a talker_n modest_a observer_n humble_a performer_n and_o true_a relater_n of_o any_o exploit_n whenever_o they_o admit_v any_o of_o their_o society_n they_o first_o inquire_v into_o his_o ability_n and_o require_v a_o specimen_fw-la of_o his_o part_n and_o this_o to_o determine_v the_o better_a what_o office_n or_o employment_n he_o be_v fit_a to_o execute_v in_o their_o commonwealth_n they_o have_v several_a other_o of_o a_o inferior_a rank_n beside_o those_o we_o have_v already_o mention_v as_o if_o any_o one_o introduce_v a_o impertinent_a discourse_n of_o his_o hound_n or_o his_o hawk_n he_o they_o immediate_o make_v either_o their_o huntsinan_n or_o their_o faulkoner_n likewise_o if_o a_o man_n run_v out_o too_o much_o upon_o religion_n he_o be_v constitute_v their_o chaplain_n and_o where_o any_o deal_v too_o much_o in_o matter_n of_o controversy_n he_o be_v forthwith_o ordain_v their_o inquisitor_n last_o where_o a_o man_n be_v too_o exuberant_a in_o his_o discourse_n about_o horse_n or_o household_n affair_n he_o they_o either_o promote_v to_o be_v their_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n or_o their_o majordomo_n by_o these_o mean_n in_o a_o little_a time_n they_o reform_v most_o of_o the_o abuse_n and_o indecorum_n creep_v into_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o prove_v than_o the_o force_n of_o satyr_n be_v of_o no_o less_o benefit_n than_o that_o of_o oratory_n at_o length_n this_o pleasant_a constitution_n come_v to_o the_o king_n ear_n who_o be_v often_o delight_v with_o hear_v of_o their_o transaction_n and_o one_o day_n inquire_v after_o their_o dignify_a member_n he_o ask_v whether_o they_o have_v any_o king_n among_o they_o to_o which_o the_o starosta_n of_o babina_n who_o be_v most_o celebrate_v for_o his_o pleasant_a countenance_n and_o jocular_a humour_n reply_v far_o be_v it_o from_o we_o most_o serene_a monarch_n that_o we_o shall_v make_v choice_n of_o any_o other_o king_n while_o your_o majesty_n be_v live_v which_o answer_v so_o extreme_o please_v sigismond_n that_o he_o laugh_v hearty_o and_o be_v so_o far_o from_o show_v any_o sign_n of_o dislike_n that_o by_o several_a expression_n which_o drop_v from_o he_o he_o occasion_v great_a mirth_n in_o all_o the_o company_n afterward_o there_o arise_v some_o grave_a dispute_n in_o this_o society_n
about_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o monarchy_n of_o persia_n greece_n and_o rome_n a_o certain_a merry_a fellow_n start_v up_o and_o cry_v what_o make_v you_o thus_o boast_v gentleman_n of_o the_o antiquity_n and_o extent_n of_o these_o monarchy_n when_o we_o of_o babina_n be_v much_o more_o ancient_a and_o of_o wide_a bound_n than_o they_o all_o what_o say_v david_n omnis_fw-la homo_fw-la mendax_fw-la all_o man_n be_v liar_n wherefore_o the_o whole_a earth_n must_v consequent_o have_v be_v comprehend_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o our_o jurisdiction_n from_o all_o age_n his_o opinion_n be_v unanimous_o receive_v with_o applause_n this_o society_n further_o boast_v of_o have_v always_o have_v privilege_n and_o immunity_n from_o emperor_n and_o king_n but_o still_o such_o as_o be_v too_o severe_a in_o their_o reflection_n be_v not_o to_o be_v admit_v of_o this_o republic_n the_o place_n where_o this_o assembly_n meet_v the_o member_n term_v gelda_n be_v the_o word_n that_o the_o dantzicker_n use_v for_o a_o tavern_n and_o which_o the_o pole_n apply_v to_o a_o merry_a company_n of_o witty_a fellow_n death_n sigismond_n die_v of_o a_o chronical_a distemper_n at_o knyssin_n in_o the_o confine_n of_o lithuania_n &c_n &c_n and_o leave_v no_o child_n but_o have_v two_o sister_n survive_v catherine_n and_o ann_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v first_o marry_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o finland_n and_o then_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n she_o be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o be_v afterward_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n ann_n live_v a_o long_a while_o a_o maid_n till_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transilvania_n and_o afterward_o king_n of_o poland_n extinct_a after_o this_o sigismund_n death_n the_o male_a race_n of_o the_o jagellonic_a family_n be_v quite_o extinct_a i_o be_o afraid_a i_o have_v almost_o tire_v your_o lordship_n patience_n with_o this_o prolix_a narrative_n of_o the_o second_o and_o three_o class_n 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after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n though_o there_o be_v several_a of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n and_o jagello_n remain_v alive_a both_o in_o poland_n and_o silesia_n yet_o the_o pole_n for_o fear_v so_o long_o and_o so_o uninterrupted_a a_o succession_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o same_o line_n may_v subject_v they_o to_o a_o despotic_a monarchy_n as_o they_o almost_o be_v in_o sigismund_n time_n resolve_v to_o choose_v king_n out_o of_o other_o family_n as_o they_o effectual_o do_v afterward_o out_o of_o france_n transilvania_n and_o sweden_n which_o it_o will_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o relation_n of_o and_o therefore_o to_o ease_v your_o impatience_n i_o will_v subscribe_v myself_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a humble_a servant_n b._n c._n letter_n iii_o to_o his_o grace_n william_n duke_n of_o devonshire_n lord_n steward_n of_o his_o majesty_n household_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o four_o class_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n consist_v of_o mix_a family_n from_o the_o year_n 1574_o to_o 1674._o my_o lord_n the_o great_a esteem_n and_o true_a respect_n which_o your_o eminent_a quality_n and_o gallant_a behaviour_n both_o beyond_o sea_n and_o at_o home_n command_v from_o all_o those_o who_o have_v hear_v of_o your_o name_n make_v i_o ambitious_a to_o give_v your_o grace_n in_o this_o account_n of_o poland_n a_o testimony_n of_o i_o and_o congratulate_v myself_o in_o the_o honour_n of_o be_v know_v to_o so_o great_a a_o person_n the_o subject_a my_o lord_n i_o think_v most_o suitable_a to_o so_o great_a a_o mind_n and_o genius_n as_o you_o be_v a_o relation_n of_o heroic_a action_n i_o mean_v the_o live_v of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o last_o of_o the_o jagellonick_a family_n to_o the_o election_n of_o the_o late_a king_n john_n sobieski_n comprehend_v the_o space_n of_o a_o hundred_o year_n by_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n the_o great_a and_o renown_a family_n of_o jagello_n come_v to_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n for_o he_o leave_v no_o child_n and_o have_v only_o two_o sister_n catherine_n and_o ann._n the_o former_a be_v first_o marry_v to_o john_n duke_n of_o finland_n and_o next_o to_o john_n iii_o king_n of_o sueden_n have_v be_v mother_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o who_o be_v afterward_o both_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o sueden_n the_o latter_a ann_n live_v a_o maid_n for_o a_o considerable_a while_n till_o stephen_n batori_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n be_v elect_a king_n of_o poland_n marry_v she_o but_o have_v no_o issue_n by_o she_o call_v the_o abp_n of_o gnesna_n james_n vchanski_n have_v notify_v the_o late_a king_n death_n to_o all_o the_o gentry_n call_v a_o diet_n after_o the_o usual_a manner_n to_o elect_a another_o whereupon_o several_a candidate_n appear_v they_o all_o have_v their_o different_a party_n and_o friend_n in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o chief_a pretender_n be_v ernest_n of_o austria_n the_o emperor_n son_n john_n iii_o king_n of_o sueden_n the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n and_o henry_n of_o valois_n brother_n to_o charles_n ix_o of_o france_n beside_o several_a native_n of_o the_o country_n after_o a_o long_a deliberation_n they_o pitch_v upon_o 1574._o henry_n of_o valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n and_o send_v 2._o adam_n conarsky_n bishop_n of_o posnan_n and_o albert_n laski_n palatin_n of_o siradia_n in_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n together_o with_o several_a other_o senator_n into_o france_n to_o bring_v he_o into_o his_o kingdom_n after_o have_v agree_v to_o the_o follow_a article_n to_o the_o performance_n of_o which_o both_o the_o king_n of_o france_n and_o his_o brother_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n the_o article_n be_v as_o follow_v imprimis_fw-la that_o henry_n of_o valois_n shall_v transport_v all_o his_o effect_n and_o annual_a revenue_n in_o france_n into_o poland_n 2._o that_o the_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v pay_v sigismond_n the_o late_a king_n debt_n with_o his_o own_o money_n 3._o that_o the_o french_a king_n shall_v maintain_v a_o hundred_o young_a polish_v nobleman_n at_o his_o court_n and_o fifty_o in_o other_o place_n 4._o and_o last_o that_o he_o shall_v build_v a_o fleet_n in_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o help_v the_o pole_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n there_o be_v another_o article_n the_o king_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o till_o he_o come_v into_o poland_n and_o that_o be_v 5._o that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n king_n henry_n have_v thus_o chief_o satisfy_v the_o condition_n he_o set_v forth_o from_o paris_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o october_n in_o the_o year_n 1576_o and_o pass_v through_o lorain_n and_o germany_n direct_o to_o posnan_n in_o poland_n whence_o he_o soon_o after_o coronation_n go_v and_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 21_o of_o february_n 1577_o but_o in_o four_o month_n time_n after_o his_o coronation_n receive_v letter_n from_o france_n that_o the_o king_n his_o brother_n be_v 1._o dead_a without_o issue_n and_o be_v beg_v to_o return_v to_o enjoy_v his_o right_n he_o communicate_v those_o letter_n to_o the_o senate_n acquaint_v they_o withal_o that_o it_o be_v necessary_a he_o shall_v return_v into_o france_n to_o prevent_v civil_a war_n and_o maintain_v his_o title_n to_o that_o crown_n but_o fear_v lest_o the_o pole_n may_v have_v detain_v he_o as_o i_o have_v often_o hear_v they_o say_v they_o will_v certain_o have_v do_v on_o the_o 18_o of_o march_n he_o steal_v away_o poland_n and_o rid_v post_n through_o silesia_n and_o germany_n into_o italy_n and_o thence_o to_o france_n the_o king_n be_v miss_v next_o morning_n they_o send_v several_a senator_n after_o he_o who_o overtake_v he_o in_o silesia_n and_o beg_v of_o he_o to_o return_v and_o not_o abandon_v a_o nation_n so_o shameful_o which_o
companion_n dead_a upon_o the_o spot_n in_o this_o action_n there_o be_v several_a brave_a polish_v gentleman_n slay_v afterward_o the_o king_n be_v again_o join_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n by_o which_o his_o army_n amount_v to_o fifteen_o thousand_o man_n march_v to_o seek_v out_o the_o enemy_n though_o by_o a_o modest_a computation_n they_o may_v be_v reckon_v seven_o time_n as_o many_o but_o understand_v that_o the_o enemy_n have_v besiege_v turk_n podhais_n he_o be_v march_v thither_o to_o relieve_v it_o when_o by_o the_o way_n he_o receive_v intelligence_n of_o its_o be_v surrender_v burn_v and_o plunder_v and_o twelve_o thousand_o person_n make_v prisoner_n though_o the_o garrison_n have_v express_o capitulate_v to_o march_v out_o with_o bag_n and_o baggage_n the_o king_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v that_o so_o many_o christian_n shall_v be_v make_v slave_n and_o his_o territory_n lay_v desolate_a therefore_o he_o resolve_v forthwith_o to_o remedy_v it_o or_o perish_v in_o the_o attempt_n for_o he_o march_v the_o same_o day_n towards_o the_o enemy_n who_o be_v then_o set_v down_o before_o buozalz_n but_o upon_o notice_n of_o his_o approach_n they_o raise_v their_o siege_n and_o retreat_v with_o all_o their_o force_n to_o trembowla_n which_o they_o likewise_o invest_v here_o they_o be_v often_o repulse_v with_o great_a loss_n yet_o continue_v obstinate_a to_o pursue_v their_o enterprise_n till_o at_o last_o happen_v to_o intercept_v a_o peasant_n that_o be_v carry_v a_o letter_n from_o the_o king_n to_o the_o governor_n wherein_o his_o majesty_n assure_v he_o that_o he_o be_v come_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o relief_n the_o terror_n of_o king_n sobieski_n name_n strike_v such_o a_o faintness_n into_o the_o infidel_n that_o they_o immediate_o dislodge_v their_o cannon_n from_o their_o battery_n which_o consist_v of_o a_o hundred_o piece_n and_o forthwith_o march_v towards_o caminiec_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n nay_o so_o great_a be_v their_o consternation_n that_o under_o the_o cannon_n of_o caminiec_n they_o think_v not_o themselves_o sufficient_o secure_a for_o not_o dare_v to_o stand_v a_o engagement_n with_o the_o pole_n they_o resolve_v to_o pass_v the_o niester_n and_o march_v towards_o valachia_n yet_o this_o they_o can_v not_o do_v so_o speedy_o but_o prince_n lubomirski_n with_o part_n of_o the_o king_n army_n fall_v upon_o their_o rear_n and_o slay_v great_a number_n of_o they_o the_o turk_n by_o the_o fear_n they_o be_v in_o of_o be_v far_o pursue_v repassed_a the_o danube_n and_o the_o tartar_n return_v home_o with_o great_a precipitation_n by_o the_o way_n of_o bialogrod_n whereupon_o the_o king_n resolve_v to_o put_v his_o army_n into_o winter-quarter_n and_o so_o to_o return_v home_o which_o he_o do_v to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n it_o be_v now_o high_a time_n to_o prepare_v for_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o coronation_n january_n the_o 17_o the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n michael_n be_v convey_v from_o warsaw_n in_o a_o hearse_n draw_v by_o eight_o horse_n attend_v by_o all_o the_o officer_n of_o his_o household_n and_o several_a person_n of_o quality_n to_o cracow_n where_o together_o with_o the_o body_n of_o king_n casimir_n likewise_o bring_v late_o out_o of_o france_n it_o be_v honourable_o inter_v all_o decency_n and_o respect_n be_v pay_v to_o both_o their_o memory_n this_o ceremony_n be_v dispatch_v 1676._o john_n sobieski_n with_o his_o queen_n mary_n be_v both_o crown_v in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n the_o second_o of_o february_n in_o the_o year_n 1676_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o magnificence_n after_o this_o the_o king_n apply_v himself_o to_o supply_v the_o vacancy_n as_o usual_a make_v lubomirski_n grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o lord_n siniawski_n court-marshal_n and_o prince_n demetrius_n wisnowiski_n palatin_n of_o beltz_n he_o likewise_o bestow_v the_o command_n of_o general_n of_o the_o force_n of_o the_o kingdom_n on_o jablownowski_n palatin_n of_o russia_n at_o present_a great_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o june_n follow_v sultan_n nuradin_n with_o the_o two_o son_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n pass_v the_o niester_n with_o a_o great_a army_n have_v send_v out_o party_n before_o to_o ravage_v the_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n ibrahim_n bassa_n advance_v likewise_o to_o several_a post_n about_o caminiec_n whereupon_o the_o king_n order_v what_o troop_n he_o can_v get_v together_o near_o leopol_n where_o they_o be_v to_o rendezvouz_n and_o likewise_o convoke_v the_o pospolite_n or_o militia_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o country_n 1676_o the_o same_o year_n his_o excellency_n mr._n hyde_n now_o earl_n of_o rochester_n be_v send_v ambassador_n from_o his_o majesty_n charles_n the_o iid_n to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n to_o congratulate_v the_o king_n upon_o his_o accession_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o stand_v for_o his_o master_n godfather_n to_o the_o young_a princess_n now_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n he_o arrive_v at_o dantzic_n in_o august_n where_o meet_v with_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n who_o make_v a_o journey_n thither_o while_o the_o king_n be_v in_o the_o field_n he_o have_v audience_n of_o her_o majesty_n there_o and_o present_v the_o young_a princess_n her_o daughter_n with_o a_o very_a rich_a jewel_n a_o cross_n of_o diamond_n of_o great_a value_n he_o afterward_o set_v forward_o for_o poland_n and_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o king_n in_o his_o camp_n near_o leopol_n in_o russia_n with_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n and_o kindness_n suitable_a to_o his_o character_n and_o person_n where_o his_o majesty_n send_v some_o of_o his_o chief_a officer_n to_o show_v he_o the_o army_n and_o their_o way_n of_o encamp_v the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n begin_v to_o appear_v now_o very_o formidable_a and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n continue_v so_o sensible_a of_o their_o last_o year_n defeat_n and_o so_o dread_v the_o name_n of_o king_n sobieski_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o desire_v nothing_o more_o than_o peace_n for_o which_o purpose_n the_o grand_a signior_n by_o the_o prince_n of_o moldavia_n make_v turk_n a_o overture_n for_o a_o treaty_n which_o be_v accept_v after_o a_o battle_n gain_v by_o the_o pole_n and_o some_o other_o small_a mischief_n do_v on_o both_o side_n the_o peace_n be_v thus_o happy_o conclude_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o poland_n his_o majesty_n return_v in_o november_n to_o zulkiew_v his_o own_o patrimony_n whither_o my_o lord_n rochester_n wait_v upon_o he_o ambassador_n have_v his_o public_a audience_n there_o in_o a_o more_o solemn_a manner_n than_o before_o he_o be_v first_o carry_v in_o the_o king_n coach_n and_o then_o receive_v by_o the_o court-marshal_n who_o be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o lord_n chamberlain_n at_o the_o stairs-foot_n of_o the_o palace_n and_o be_v conduct_v to_o his_o majesty_n who_o receive_v he_o stand_v under_o a_o rich_a canopy_n of_o state_n and_o after_o two_o month_n reside_v there_o his_o excellency_n have_v his_o audience_n of_o leave_n and_o return_v into_o england_n through_o silesia_n austria_n and_o the_o empire_n the_o pole_n enjoy_v this_o peace_n with_o the_o turk_n till_o the_o year_n 1683_o when_o they_o come_v under_o the_o command_n of_o cara_fw-it mustapha_n their_o grand_a vizier_n to_o besiege_v vienna_n whereof_o count_n starenberg_n vienna_n be_v governor_n the_o king_n with_o his_o son_n prince_n james_n prince_n lubomirski_n and_o most_o of_o the_o polish_v grandee_n come_v with_o a_o army_n only_o as_o they_o assure_v i_o of_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o man_n to_o relieve_v it_o this_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v oblige_v to_o by_o the_o alliance_n sign_v with_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n in_o 1683._o when_o be_v join_v by_o the_o imperial_a army_n together_o with_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n and_o saxony_n the_o duke_n of_o lorain_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o other_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n in_o all_o amount_v to_o near_o fifty_o thousand_o man_n he_o attack_v the_o turk_n with_o such_o bravery_n and_o conduct_n that_o on_o the_o 12_o of_o september_n they_o though_o consist_v of_o 191800_o man_n as_o appear_v by_o a_o list_v find_v in_o the_o grand_a vizier_n tent_n be_v oblige_v after_o a_o entire_a defeat_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o retire_v turk_n towards_o hungary_n the_o great_a standard_n and_o the_o horse_n tail_n be_v take_v by_o the_o pole_n who_o obstinate_o pursue_v the_o turk_n in_o their_o flight_n though_o no_o great_a way_n be_v too_o much_o fatigue_v before_o there_o be_v also_o great_a booty_n find_v in_o the_o turkish_a camp_n which_o be_v whole_o plunder_v even_o to_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o grand_a vizier_n where_o they_o meet_v with_o great_a riches_n in_o gold_n silver_n and_o other_o precious_a thing_n all_o their_o ammunition_n and_o baggage_n with_o their_o artillery_n consist_v of_o above_o a_o hundred_o piece_n of_o cannon_n be_v take_v this_o
part_n of_o the_o body_n desire_v to_o know_v what_o be_v proper_o death_n the_o school_n divinity_n maintain_v that_o death_n be_v a_o separation_n of_o the_o rational_a soul_n from_o the_o body_n i_o own_a indeed_o that_o in_o death_n the_o soul_n be_v actual_o separate_v from_o the_o body_n but_o i_o can_v not_o allow_v that_o that_o separation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o death_n but_o that_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o cessation_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o of_o the_o spirit_n which_o cessation_n can_v not_o proceed_v from_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n since_o these_o dont_fw-fr at_o all_o depend_v upon_o it_o as_o i_o prove_v before_o but_o it_o be_v occasion_v by_o some_o defect_n in_o the_o organ_n and_o fluid_n of_o the_o body_n which_o lose_v their_o due_a disposition_n and_o their_o mutual_a correspondence_n with_o one_o another_o all_o their_o action_n cease_v which_o cessation_n be_v proper_o call_v death_n so_o 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they_o that_o will_v seem_v to_o contradict_v those_o of_o aristotle_n for_o have_v build_v their_o system_n of_o divinity_n upon_o the_o principle_n of_o this_o pagan_a philosopher_n they_o be_v just_o afraid_a that_o if_o experience_n and_o reason_n shall_v shake_v the_o foundation_n the_o superstructure_n will_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n as_o doubtless_o it_o will_v for_o the_o most_o part_n building_n this_o king_n build_v several_a fine_a house_n both_o in_o russia_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n particular_o three_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n a_o neat_a country_n house_n call_v villa_n nova_n very_o rich_o furnish_v he_o have_v have_v several_a natural_a child_n but_o take_v no_o care_n of_o any_o of_o they_o for_o it_o be_v not_o customary_a in_o poland_n to_o have_v that_o consideration_n for_o they_o as_o there_o be_v in_o other_o country_n but_o he_o leave_v vast_a riches_n to_o his_o lawful_a child_n and_o make_v a_o motion_n in_o the_o diet_n five_o child_n or_o six_o year_n before_o he_o die_v to_o settle_v the_o succession_n on_o one_o of_o they_o he_o tell_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o disorder_n that_o usual_o happen_v in_o election_n after_o the_o king_n death_n that_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o tartar_n take_v then_o opportunity_n to_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o country_n and_o ravage_v all_o before_o they_o that_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o kingdom_n be_v general_o divide_v head_a by_o faction_n and_o biased_a by_o self-interest_n against_o the_o public_a good_a of_o their_o country_n and_o that_o he_o himself_o will_v be_v glad_a to_o prevent_v all_o those_o dangerous_a broil_n before_o he_o die_v out_o of_o the_o love_n he_o bear_v to_o his_o country_n and_o subject_n but_o the_o diet_n find_v that_o his_o private_a design_n be_v to_o get_v one_o of_o his_o son_n elect_v answer_v that_o they_o hope_v that_o his_o majesty_n will_v live_v yet_o a_o long_a while_n that_o it_o be_v necessary_a to_o take_v a_o long_a time_n to_o consider_v of_o a_o matter_n of_o that_o great_a moment_n which_o the_o king_n see_v it_o be_v a_o civil_a way_n of_o refuse_v to_o enter_v upon_o that_o subject_a never_o after_o intimate_v any_o thing_n to_o they_o like_o it_o but_o take_v all_o possible_a care_n to_o enrich_v his_o child_n in_o case_n none_o of_o they_o shall_v be_v elect_v after_o his_o death_n it_o be_v exact_o compute_v to_o i_o that_o he_o lay_v up_o every_o year_n for_o above_o twenty_o year_n 100000_o l._n sterl_n which_o riches_n he_o leave_v partly_o in_o banker_n hand_n at_o dantzick_n hamburgh_n and_o amsterdam_n and_o put_v the_o rest_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o trade_v with_o it_o beside_o he_o buy_v great_a territory_n in_o the_o kingdom_n though_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n so_o that_o his_o three_o son_n james_n alexander_n and_o constantino_n if_o they_o manage_v their_o affair_n right_a may_v be_v worth_a each_o above_o 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that_o he_o will_v give_v he_o considerable_a place_n which_o he_o according_o do_v by_o the_o instigation_n of_o the_o queen_n for_o he_o make_v he_o great_a marshal_n and_o great_a general_n of_o poland_n which_o give_v he_o authority_n and_o interest_n enough_o to_o make_v himself_o afterward_o king_n and_o her_o queen_n so_o that_o this_o marriage_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o his_o rise_n in_o the_o world_n which_o he_o be_v so_o sensible_a of_o that_o he_o refuse_v to_o be_v divorce_v from_o she_o as_o the_o diet_n will_v have_v persuade_v he_o to_o do_v after_o his_o election_n qualification_n the_o queen_n be_v now_o about_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n though_o she_o appear_v not_o to_o be_v forty_o she_o go_v in_o the_o french_a dress_n as_o all_o the_o polish_v lady_n do_v she_o speak_v almost_o natural_o the_o polish_v tongue_n which_o with_o liar_n sweet_a temper_n refine_a sense_n and_o majestic_a air_n gain_v she_o such_o affection_n with_o the_o pole_n such_o influence_n over_o the_o king_n and_o such_o interest_n always_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o she_o manage_v all_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o prudence_n and_o that_o to_o the_o advantage_n of_o her_o native_a country_n france_n who_o interest_n she_o general_o espouse_v upon_o most_o occasion_n during_o the_o king_n life_n which_o be_v believe_v to_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o he_o do_v not_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n these_o late_a year_n against_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n she_o maintain_v at_o her_o court_n her_o father_n cardinal_n de_fw-fr arquien_v and_o her_o brother_n count_n maligny_n who_o have_v but_o a_o very_a small_a estate_n of_o their_o own_o she_o have_v two_o sister_n one_o be_v the_o widow_n of_o the_o late_a count_n bethune_n who_o be_v ambassador_n from_o france_n in_o poland_n and_o afterward_o die_v in_o his_o embassy_n in_o
present_v amount_v to_o the_o value_n of_o 100000_o rix_n dollar_n the_o hospodar_n of_o moldavia_n send_v she_o a_o pair_n of_o pendant_n of_o a_o considerable_a value_n this_o custom_n of_o make_v present_n to_o the_o bride_n be_v not_o only_o for_o king_n daughter_n but_o for_o every_o one_o else_o according_a to_o their_o quality_n and_o the_o gentleman_n daughter_n do_v not_o so_o much_o reckon_v upon_o the_o portion_n their_o father_n give_v they_o as_o upon_o their_o number_n of_o relation_n and_o friend_n who_o be_v to_o make_v they_o present_v and_o the_o husband_n be_v as_o diligent_a to_o know_v how_o many_o relation_n she_o have_v as_o how_o much_o her_o father_n will_v give_v she_o ambassador_n upon_o the_o day_n of_o marriage_n prince_n james_n the_o young_a bride_n brother_n take_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o king_n and_o the_o elector_n of_o bavaria_n consent_n the_o quality_n of_o ambassador_n for_o that_o day_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o court_n will_v not_o receive_v as_o 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church_n be_v about_o three_o hundred_o pace_n after_o they_o prince_n james_n lead_v the_o bride_n the_o french_a ambassador_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr polignae_fw-la lead_v the_o queen_n and_o the_o king_n come_v last_o alone_o with_o a_o grave_n majestic_a countenance_n the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o marriage_n be_v perform_v by_o cardinal_n radziouski_n the_o present_a primate_n who_o be_v the_o king_n relation_n afterward_o they_o return_v to_o the_o palace_n where_o they_o be_v noble_o entertain_v for_o four_o day_n together_o with_o feast_n ball_n firework_n and_o a_o italian_a pastoral_n in_o nature_n of_o a_o opera_fw-la make_v upon_o this_o occasion_n by_o the_o secretary_n of_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n journey_n after_o the_o ceremony_n be_v over_o a_o splendid_a equipage_n be_v prepare_v for_o the_o princess_n journey_n from_o warsaw_n to_o brussels_n the_o bishop_n of_o ploskow_n be_v name_v ambassador_n and_o the_o palatine_a of_o vilna_n lady_n prince_n czartoriski_n daughter_n be_v appoint_v embassadress_n mounseur_fw-fr zalowski_n the_o bishop_n brother_n and_o his_o lady_n be_v likewise_o name_v beside_o abundance_n of_o gentleman_n and_o about_o forty_o of_o the_o king_n lifeguard_n to_o attend_v her_o electoral_a highness_n the_o ambassador_n represent_v to_o their_o majesty_n that_o in_o such_o a_o long_a journey_n of_o near_o 1000_o mile_n and_o in_o frosty_a wether_n it_o be_v necessary_a to_o send_v a_o physician_n with_o the_o princess_n for_o fear_n of_o any_o accident_n or_o distemper_n by_o the_o way_n one_o signior_n revelli_n a_o italian_a and_o several_a other_o physician_n make_v interest_n for_o this_o place_n but_o the_o queen_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n employ_v any_o of_o they_o have_v no_o opinion_n of_o their_o skill_n hereupon_o my_o lord_n i_o speak_v to_o mr._n alberti_n your_o brother_n minister_v there_o from_o the_o republic_n of_o venice_n who_o have_v great_a interest_n with_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o get_v i_o employ_v in_o that_o journey_n for_o i_o long_v to_o be_v out_o of_o that_o remote_a country_n though_o i_o have_v not_o be_v a_o twelve_o month_n in_o it_o to_o come_v for_o england_n for_o though_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o kindness_n for_o i_o and_o prince_n james_n who_o the_o court_n party_n look_v upon_o to_o be_v the_o king_n successor_n promise_v i_o a_o considerable_a pension_n after_o the_o king_n death_n yet_o see_v that_o the_o king_n then_o be_v sixty_o four_o year_n of_o age_n very_o corpulent_a and_o labour_v under_o several_a distemper_n as_o the_o dropsy_n gout_n rheumatism_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o lung_n can_v not_o live_v long_o and_o that_o prince_n james_n be_v not_o belove_v and_o beside_o have_v never_o have_v any_o mind_n to_o engage_v myself_o to_o live_v in_o any_o foreign_a country_n i_o resolve_v to_o come_v out_o of_o that_o kingdom_n their_o majesty_n not_o know_v my_o private_a resolution_n of_o come_v for_o england_n do_v i_o the_o honour_n to_o name_v i_o physician_n to_o wait_v upon_o the_o princess_n in_o her_o journey_n which_o i_o be_v very_o ready_a to_o comply_v with_o though_o to_o outward_a appearance_n i_o do_v not_o seem_v much_o desirous_a of_o it_o this_o my_o lord_n give_v i_o opportunity_n to_o come_v out_o of_o that_o country_n soon_o than_o i_o can_v have_v decent_o do_v till_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a which_o i_o must_v owe_v entire_o to_o the_o friendship_n and_o interest_n of_o mr._n alberti_n who_o be_v a_o great_a lover_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n journey_n the_o princess_n set_v forward_o on_o the_o 11_o the_o of_o november_n follow_v with_o a_o retinue_n of_o about_o two_o hundred_o person_n all_o which_o come_v to_o brussels_n with_o she_o beside_o abundance_n of_o the_o nobility_n who_o wait_v upon_o her_o highness_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o palatine_n of_o the_o province_n receive_v and_o entertain_v she_o in_o all_o the_o town_n she_o pass_v through_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o splendour_n and_o expense_n our_o first_o reception_n be_v at_o lowitz_n the_o cardinal_n primate_n castle_n here_o the_o princess_n lie_v one_o night_n and_o be_v most_o magnificent_o entertain_v the_o next_o be_v at_o posnan_n a_o considerable_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o posnania_n where_o she_o lie_v two_o night_n the_o palatin_n and_o the_o city_n make_v she_o a_o present_a entertain_v all_o her_o retinue_n and_o get_v firework_n ready_a for_o her_o reception_n from_o thence_o we_o go_v to_o frankfurt_n upon_o the_o other_o in_o the_o e._n of_o brandenburgh_n country_n where_o his_o electoral_a highness_n send_v his_o chief_a officer_n to_o attend_v and_o compliment_v she_o from_o thence_o we_o go_v to_o berlin_n where_o the_o elector_n and_o electoress_n come_v two_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n berlin_n with_o a_o numerous_a attendance_n to_o receive_v she_o they_o take_v she_o into_o their_o own_o coach_n and_o march_v in_o order_n to_o the_o palace_n give_v she_o with_o roar_v of_o cannon_n and_o ring_v of_o bell_n all_o demonstration_n of_o respect_n here_o she_o lay_v two_o night_n the_o court_n appear_v most_o splendid_a and_o very_a numerous_a and_o the_o elector_n get_v some_o firework_n which_o represent_v the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o elector_n and_o electoress_n of_o bavaria_n name_n there_o be_v ball_n both_o night_n and_o english_a country-dance_n which_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o blood-royal_a of_o england_n delight_v extreme_o in_o it_o be_v the_o first_o time_n the_o princess_n of_o poland_n have_v see_v any_o and_o therefore_o be_v extreme_o please_v i_o be_v glad_a to_o see_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentleman_n who_o travel_v in_o italy_n in_o my_o time_n as_o mr._n archer_n mr._n ward_n mr._n duncomb_n and_o the_o late_a decease_a mr._n tent_n make_v so_o much_o of_o at_o this_o court_n and_o behave_v themselves_o so_o handsome_o at_o the_o ball_n the_o princess_n of_o poland_n make_v present_v to_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o to_o most_o of_o the_o chief_a officer_n of_o the_o court_n and_o the_o electoress_n of_o brandenburg_n likewise_o make_v she_o a_o rich_a present_n of_o a_o poesy_n set_v with_o diamond_n and_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o her_o chief_a officer_n other_o present_n afterward_o we_o set_v forward_o on_o our_o journey_n and_o be_v entertain_v for_o twelve_o day_n together_o in_o the_o elector_n country_n it_o be_v usual_a with_o he_o to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o all_o prince_n while_o they_o be_v within_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n but_o when_o the_o princess_n of_o poland_n go_v out_o of_o it_o into_o the_o other_o territory_n of_o his_o electoral_a highness_n she_o bear_v she_o own_o expense_n the_o chief_a town_n notwithstanding_o as_o magdeburgh_n and_o menden_n entertain_v she_o as_o
and_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o chelm_fw-ge and_o crasnistaw_fw-mi in_o both_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n chelm_fw-ge bish_n cap._n crasnistaw_fw-mi zamoisk_n ratno_n lynbowlya_n rozana_n vlodavia_n scebresin_n turobin_n tamogrod_n tomasow_n and_o ctesow_n of_o the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v chelm_fw-ge chelm_fw-ge a_o small_a city_n defend_v with_o a_o castle_n the_o outwork_n whereof_o be_v make_v of_o wood._n it_o lie_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o lublin_n to_o the_o east_n twenty_o four_o from_o premistaw_fw-mi to_o the_o north_n and_o twelve_o from_o belsko_n it_o have_v be_v sack_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n during_o the_o late_a war_n which_o occasion_v the_o residence_n of_o its_o bishop_n to_o be_v translate_v to_o crasnistaw_fw-mi nevertheless_o a_o oriental_a or_o russian_a bishop_n still_o reside_v there_o crasnistaw_fw-mi crasnistaw_fw-mi a_o wall_a town_n upon_o the_o river_n vepre_n where_o the_o bishop_n of_o chelm_fw-ge at_n present_n have_v his_o residence_n in_o a_o palace_n of_o modern_a architecture_n near_o this_o place_n the_o archduke_n maximilian_n when_o he_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o seize_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v shameful_o repulse_v by_o john_n zamoiski_n who_o immediate_o afterward_o build_v a_o town_n in_o that_o neighbourhood_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n zamoisk_n zamoisk_n well_o defend_v by_o high_a wall_n deep_a ditch_n and_o other_o strong_a fortification_n after_o the_o modern_a manner_n he_o likewise_o build_v a_o fair_a cathedral_n here_o and_o enrich_v it_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n also_o a_o noble_a academy_n furnish_v with_o learned_a master_n from_o the_o famous_a university_n of_o cracow_n this_o person_n be_v so_o great_a a_o favourer_n of_o learning_n that_o not_o only_o zamoisk_v but_o also_o several_a other_o place_n of_o the_o province_n of_o russia_n find_v the_o effect_n of_o his_o bounty_n ratno_n ratno_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v among_o the_o marsh_n with_o a_o castle_n wash_v by_o the_o river_n perepet_n on_o one_o side_n and_o defend_v on_o the_o other_o by_o a_o bog_n and_o the_o niester_n it_o lie_v about_o twenty_o four_o mile_n from_o chelm_fw-ge lynbowlya_n lynbowlya_n a_o town_n upon_o the_o bug_n with_o a_o tolerable_o fortify_v castle_n chelm_fw-ge the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n and_o castellan_n of_o chelm_fw-ge arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o bear_n argent_fw-fr passant_a between_o three_o tree_n proper_a in_o a_o field_n or._n province_n the_o five_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v masovia_n situate_v almost_o in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o bound_v on_o the_o north_n bound_n by_o prussia_n on_o the_o east_n by_o lithuania_n on_o the_o south_n by_o upper_a poland_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o lower_n poland_n it_o be_v former_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o prince_n but_o in_o the_o year_n 1526_o by_o the_o death_n of_o its_o duke_n john_n and_o stanislaus_n that_o duchy_n fall_v to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o inhabitant_n inhabitant_n hereof_o be_v general_o warlike_a they_o speak_v the_o same_o language_n with_o the_o pole_n only_o they_o differ_v in_o some_o few_o guttural_a accent_n their_o manner_n habit_n and_o religion_n be_v much_o the_o same_o this_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o palatinate_n which_o be_v division_n the_o palatinate_v of_o masovia_n proper_o so_o call_v ploczkow_n and_o dobrina_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n of_o this_o province_n be_v that_o of_o masovia_n proper_o so_o call_v which_o in_o spiritual_a matter_n be_v subject_n only_o to_o the_o bishop_n of_o posnan_n but_o in_o temporal_a be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o warsaw_n wisna_n cyrna_n zembrow_n nuren_n wissegrod_n zakrow_n cickanow_n lombze_n rozan_n makow_n and_o liw_n in_o all_o which_o the_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n be_v those_o of_o the_o same_o name_n with_o the_o district_n add_v moreover_o these_o follow_v viz._n pultovia_n czerniensk_n czersko_n akroczim_n varka_o blonye_n pultowsko_n tarcin_n grodzyec_n prasniz_n garvolinia_n vengrovia_n stanislanovia_n broc_n viskow_n and_o seroicz_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o all_o which_o and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o province_n be_v warsaw_n warsaw_n defend_v with_o a_o castle_n wall_z and_o ditch_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a in_o the_o very_a centre_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o therefore_o pitch_v upon_o for_o the_o convening_n of_o the_o diet._n it_o lie_v upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n in_o the_o 43_o d_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 52_o of_o latitude_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n viz._n the_o old_a and_o new_a town_n with_o the_o suburb_n of_o cracow_n and_o prag_n this_o city_n be_v adorn_v with_o divers_a stately_a pile_n of_o building_n particular_o a_o spacious_a foursquare_a palace_n found_v by_o sigismond_n iii_o and_o much_o improve_v by_o his_o successor_n where_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n most_o common_o reside_v opposite_a to_o this_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n stand_v another_o royal_a palace_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o delightful_a grove_n and_o garden_n build_v by_o vladislaus_n vii_o and_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o viasdow_n where_o the_o state_n or_o diet_n of_o poland_n former_o use_v to_o sit_v and_o debate_v the_o most_o important_a affair_n of_o the_o kingdom_n there_o be_v moreover_o the_o palace_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n as_o likewise_o a_o very_a stately_a one_o build_v by_o count_n morstin_n great_a treasurer_n of_o poland_n also_o a_o league_n from_o this_o city_n king_n john_n sobieski_n build_v a_o neat_a country_n palace_n by_o the_o name_n of_o villa_n nova_n the_o other_o public_a edifice_n be_v no_o less_o remarkable_a be_v the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n baptist_n where_o secular_a canon_n officiate_v the_o arsenal_n castle_n market-place_n etc._n etc._n divers_a kind_n of_o merchandize_n be_v convey_v hither_o along_o a_o river_n from_o the_o neighbour_a province_n and_o from_o hence_o carry_v to_o dantzic_n to_o be_v transport_v into_o foreign_a country_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o cracow_n be_v a_o small_a chapel_n build_v on_o purpose_n for_o the_o burial_n of_o john_n demetrius_n suski_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o die_v prisoner_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o gostinin_n together_o with_o his_o two_o brother_n this_o city_n be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o be_v scarce_o three_o polish_v miles_n distant_a from_o lesser_n poland_n about_o twenty_o four_o from_o lanschet_fw-mi as_o many_o north-east_n of_o lublin_n twenty_o nine_o southeast_n of_o thorn_n thirty_o to_o the_o north_n from_o sendomir_n thirty_o three_o west_n of_o gnesna_n and_o forty_o to_o the_o north-east_n from_o cracow_n and_o posnan_n wisna_n wisna_n a_o town_n in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n narew_n with_o a_o castle_n upon_o a_o adjoin_a hill_n wissegrod_n wissegrod_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o vistula_n with_o a_o considerable_a castle_n it_o lie_v about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n ciekanow_n ciekanow_n about_o the_o same_o distance_n from_o warsaw_n be_v a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a likewise_o with_o a_o castle_n among_o the_o marsh_n lombze_v lombze_v a_o large_a city_n upon_o the_o navigable_a river_n narew_n consist_v of_o fair_a building_n and_o about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n rozan_n rozan_n a_o town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n narew_n liw_n liw_n a_o timber-built_a town_n with_o a_o castle_n found_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n liwijecz_n pultovia_n pultovia_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi it_o be_v a_o town_n build_v with_o brick_n with_o a_o good_a castle_n and_o some_o other_o tolerable_a edifice_n czerniensk_n czerniensk_n a_o large_a wooden_a town_n build_v on_o the_o vistula_n akroczim_n akroczim_n a_o wooden_a town_n likewise_o seat_v on_o the_o vistula_n with_o a_o castle_n it_o be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n varka_o varka_o a_o large_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a near_o the_o river_n pilza_n and_o about_o eight_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n another_o way_n blonye_n blonye_n a_o town_n about_o four_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n pultowsko_n pultowsko_fw-mi a_o wall_v town_n with_o a_o castle_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n narew_n tarcin_n tarcin_n a_o timber-built_a town_n about_o five_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n grodzyec_fw-la grodzyec_fw-la about_o seven_o mile_n from_o warsaw_n and_o two_o from_o tarcin_n prasniz_n prasniz_n a_o large_a town_n intermix_v with_o a_o great_a many_o fair_a stone_n edifice_n masovia_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o palatine_a of_o masovia_n the_o castellan_n of_o cyrna_n warsaw_n wisna_n wissegrod_n zakrow_n ciekanow_n and_o liw_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanded_a argent_fw-fr in_o a_o field_n
considerable_a a_o army_n and_o that_o chief_o of_o horse_n as_o any_o christian_a prince_n he_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o great_a reputation_n with_o the_o eastern_a prince_n and_o consider_v their_o history_n i_o find_v as_o remarkable_a transaction_n and_o exploit_n in_o the_o live_v of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o in_o any_o other_o history_n whatever_o i_o must_v confess_v the_o pole_n have_v not_o be_v such_o refine_a politician_n nor_o so_o prudent_o manage_v their_o own_o interest_n as_o some_o of_o their_o neighbour_n have_v do_v for_o by_o their_o ill_a conduct_n and_o supine_n negligence_n they_o have_v lose_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o ancient_a dominion_n which_o yet_o have_v happen_v to_o they_o neither_o on_o account_n of_o their_o deficiency_n in_o courage_n or_o bravery_n but_o at_o present_a the_o pole_n beginning_n to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o into_o their_o maxim_n of_o government_n they_o be_v become_v more_o vigilant_a and_o political_a and_o be_v likely_a under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o present_a king_n as_o well_o to_o retrieve_v their_o honour_n as_o recover_v their_o lose_a dominion_n i_o will_v my_o lord_n have_v present_v you_o with_o a_o great_a many_o other_o entertain_v matter_n relate_v to_o the_o geography_n and_o natural_a history_n of_o this_o country_n have_v i_o either_o see_v they_o myself_o or_o be_v secure_a of_o the_o relation_n of_o other_o but_o i_o will_v rather_o choose_v to_o be_v deficient_a in_o this_o account_n than_o to_o give_v your_o lordship_n just_a reason_n to_o believe_v that_o i_o be_v too_o credulous_a i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o obedient_a humble_a servant_n b._n c._n letter_n vi._n to_o george_n stepney_n esq_n late_a envoy_n extraordinary_a from_o his_o majesty_n to_o the_o elector_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o origin_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o succession_n of_o its_o great_a duke_n and_o description_n of_o its_o chief_a town_n and_o province_n sir_n the_o zeal_n you_o have_v show_v for_o his_o majesty_n service_n in_o your_o ministry_n at_o the_o court_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o reputation_n i_o find_v you_o leave_v behind_o you_o in_o those_o place_n to_o the_o honour_n of_o so_o great_a a_o master_n deserve_v not_o only_o the_o repeat_v proof_n of_o his_o usual_a bounty_n and_o the_o choice_n he_o wise_o make_v of_o you_o a_o second_o time_n to_o represent_v his_o royal_a person_n but_o likewise_o the_o esteem_n of_o all_o those_o that_o be_v acquaint_v with_o your_o merit_n to_o pretend_v to_o inform_v you_o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o any_o state_n in_o europe_n will_v not_o be_v only_o the_o call_n in_o question_n your_o experience_n in_o foreign_a affair_n and_o your_o undoubted_a knowledge_n in_o politic_n but_o likewise_o expose_v my_o own_o judgement_n to_o the_o just_a censure_n of_o the_o world_n wherefore_o sir_n think_v by_o our_o late_a discourse_n about_o poland_n that_o nothing_o can_v be_v new_a to_o you_o but_o what_o be_v either_o very_a remote_a or_o very_a ancient_a i_o will_v endeavour_v only_o to_o give_v what_o i_o know_v of_o the_o origin_n and_o extent_n of_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v that_o vast_a tract_n of_o land_n that_o lie_v between_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o frontier_n of_o moscovy_n inhabitant_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n litwa_fw-mi though_o subject_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n as_o scotland_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n from_o this_o kingdom_n have_v different_a custom_n a_o different_a dialect_n and_o particular_a privilege_n though_o one_o diet_n serve_v they_o both_o it_o lie_v between_o bound_n moscovy_n on_o the_o east_n livonia_n the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o part_n of_o moscovy_n to_o the_o north_n samogitia_n prussia_n and_o podlachia_n to_o the_o west_n and_o russia_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n towards_o the_o south_n it_o extend_v near_o ninety_o german_a mile_n in_o length_n that_o be_v from_o the_o border_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o livonia_n and_o about_o eighty_o in_o breadth_n from_o the_o river_n niemen_n to_o the_o nieper_n in_o the_o time_n of_o extent_n its_o great_a duke_n vitoldus_n it_o be_v of_o much_o large_a extent_n for_o than_o it_o reach_v from_o the_o euxine_a sea_n to_o almost_o all_o along_o the_o baltic_a product_n this_o province_n be_v a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n formerly_z all_o overrun_v with_o wood_n and_o of_o which_o a_o great_a number_n still_o remain_v yet_o what_o with_o the_o industry_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v enjoy_v ever_o since_o sigismond_n the_o first_o be_v time_n it_o be_v now_o very_o fruitful_a and_o produce_v all_o sort_n of_o grain_n as_o likewise_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pitch_n tar_n and_o timber_n with_o good_a store_n of_o fish_n and_o flesh_n nevertheless_o the_o air_n be_v general_o unhealthy_a which_o occasion_n many_o place_n to_o be_v little_o inhabit_v and_o some_o quite_o desert_n privilege_n this_o great_a duchy_n be_v only_o begin_v to_o be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o jagello_n in_o the_o year_n 1386_o for_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v at_o grodno_n in_o the_o year_n 1413_o yet_o lithuania_n still_o retain_v its_o own_o proper_a duke_n till_o the_o year_n 1501_o when_o the_o great_a duke_n albert_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o who_o mean_n this_o country_n become_v absolute_o under_o the_o dominion_n of_o that_o crown_n and_o which_o be_v afterward_o confirm_v by_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n in_o 1569_o under_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismundus_n augustus_n where_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o lithuania_n shall_v enjoy_v its_o own_o peculiar_a law_n and_o privilege_n and_o be_v constitute_v a_o part_n of_o the_o polish_v commonwealth_n insomuch_o that_o nothing_o of_o importance_n be_v for_o the_o future_a to_o be_v transact_v therein_o without_o the_o voluntary_a concurrence_n of_o these_o state_n division_n this_o country_n consist_v of_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o lithuania_n proper_o so_o call_v and_o 2._o lithuanic_n or_o white_a russia_n both_o which_o be_v divide_v into_o several_a palatinate_n and_o those_o again_o into_o district_n and_o all_o of_o they_o may_v be_v proper_o term_v dutchy_n each_o have_v former_o have_v its_o peculiar_a duke_n arms._n the_o arm_n or_o standard_n of_o lithuania_n be_v party_n per_fw-la pale_a gules_a and_o azure_a in_o the_o former_a a_o horse_n in_o full_a career_fw-fr argent_fw-fr with_o a_o warrior_n inside_v proper_a brandish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n and_o in_o the_o second_o the_o virgin_n mary_n with_o our_o saviour_n in_o her_o arm_n surround_v by_o a_o glory_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o a_o topographical_n description_n of_o this_o state_n i_o hope_v a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o life_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o several_a duke_n and_o great_a duke_n of_o that_o duchy_n samogitia_n etc._n etc._n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a which_o be_v as_o follow_v call_v lithuania_n as_o guagnini_n think_v take_v its_o name_n from_o this_o occasion_n when_o the_o first_o prince_n thereof_o palaemon_n leave_v italy_n on_o account_n of_o nero_n tyranny_n he_o together_o with_o several_a of_o his_o countryman_n flee_v by_o a_o long_a voyage_n into_o these_o part_n where_o after_o some_o time_n have_v be_v salute_v prince_n by_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o he_o call_v their_o country_n after_o the_o name_n of_o his_o own_o la_fw-fr italia_n which_o in_o process_n of_o time_n by_o mix_v with_o the_o idiom_n of_o those_o barbarian_n may_v as_o he_o say_v have_v degenerate_v into_o lithuania_n other_o will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v so_o name_v from_o the_o latin_a word_n littus_n a_o shoar_n because_o say_v they_o this_o prince_n settle_v along_o the_o shoar_n of_o the_o baltic_a sea_n before_o opinion_n he_o descend_v into_o lithuania_n to_o confirm_v this_o prince_n expedition_n into_o this_o country_n there_o be_v several_a italian_a and_o latin_a word_n intermix_v with_o its_o present_a language_n as_o likewise_o most_o of_o the_o noble_a family_n have_v great_a similitude_n with_o the_o roman_a name_n though_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n be_v altogether_o sclavonian_n notwithstanding_o this_o assertion_n hartknoch_n with_o several_a other_o positive_o affirm_v that_o this_o country_n have_v its_o name_n from_o littuo_fw-la one_o of_o the_o alani_n a_o certain_a duke_n therefore_o long_o before_o palaemon_n voyage_n so_o that_o from_o littuo_fw-la alanus_fw-la they_o call_v his_o country_n littualania_n which_o afterward_o be_v contract_v to_o lithuania_n palamon_n palaemon_n first_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v descend_v from_o the_o roman_a patricii_fw-la after_o have_v undergon_v great_a danger_n and_o
effect_v many_o glorious_a erterprise_n die_v peaceable_o leave_v three_o nephew_n borcus_fw-la cunossus_n and_o spera_n all_o which_o separately_z succeed_v he_o in_o his_o dominion_n borcus_fw-la borcus_fw-la take_v for_o his_o share_n part_n of_o samogitia_n where_o he_o build_v a_o castle_n on_o the_o river_n juria_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o nieman_n and_o call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o that_o of_o the_o river_n whereon_o it_o stand_v jurburg_n which_o continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n cunossus_n cunossus_n extend_v his_o dominion_n a_o different_a way_n build_v kunossow_n another_o castle_n call_z it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o which_o remain_v to_o this_o day_n spera_n spera_n likewise_o build_v a_o castle_n near_o the_o river_n swenta_fw-mi where_o he_o begin_v his_o reign_n at_o length_n borcus_fw-la and_o spera_n die_v cunossus_n seize_v on_o both_o their_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o die_v also_o and_o leave_v two_o son_n kyernus_n and_o gybutus_fw-la whereof_o kyernus_fw-la kyernus_n settle_v in_o lithuania_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n kyernow_n which_o he_o make_v the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n and_o gybutus_fw-la gybutus_n reside_v in_o samogitia_n which_o he_o likewise_o govern_v both_o these_o brother_n be_v join_v together_o make_v huge_a devastation_n in_o russia_n and_o carry_v away_o great_a booty_n but_o upon_o their_o return_n home_o find_v samogitia_n serve_v the_o like_a sauce_n by_o the_o livonian_o to_o revenge_v which_o they_o forthwith_o enter_v livonia_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v all_o that_o country_n wherever_o they_o come_v kyernus_n die_v be_v succeed_v in_o lithuania_n muntwil_n by_o his_o son_n zivibundus_fw-la and_o gybutus_n in_o samogitia_n by_o his_o son_n muntwil_n which_o last_o have_v reign_v but_o little_a die_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n uikint_n vikint_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o samogitia_n but_o zivibundus_fw-la zivibundus_fw-la live_v a_o great_a while_n after_o and_o prove_v no_o small_a victor_n over_o the_o russian_n and_o tartar_n for_o be_v willing_a to_o shake_v off_o the_o russian_a yoke_n he_o send_v his_o brother_n wikinti_n erdzivil_n erdzivil_n to_o invade_v that_o country_n who_o so_o far_o succeed_v as_o to_o take_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o duchy_n there_o and_o after_o proceed_v further_o he_o build_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o grodno_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n then_o he_o descend_v into_o podlachia_n where_o he_o take_v several_a town_n and_o soon_o reduce_v all_o that_o province_n afterward_o he_o conquer_v kurdassus_n prince_n of_o the_o tartar_n at_o a_o town_n call_v mozera_n near_o the_o river_n okuniowka_n this_o erdzivil_n after_o many_o heroic_a action_n and_o succeed_v his_o brother_n zivibundus_fw-la die_v and_o leave_v two_o son_n mingailus_n and_o algimuntus_n and_o divide_v his_o dominion_n between_o they_o algimuntus_fw-la algimuntus_n choose_v for_o his_o part_n samogitia_n and_o mingailus_n mingailus_n rule_v over_o lithuania_n and_o polocz_n which_o last_o country_n he_o take_v from_o the_o russian_n and_o likewise_o extend_v his_o dominion_n over_o all_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogrodec_n this_o duke_n die_v and_o leave_v two_o son_n skirmunt_fw-la and_o ginvil_n skirmunt_fw-la skirmunt_fw-la have_v perform_v his_o father_n obsequy_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n of_o lithuania_n with_o the_o duchy_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o ginvil_n ginvil_n by_o natural_a right_o seize_v upon_o polocz_n which_o have_v govern_v for_o some_o time_n he_o die_v and_o leave_v to_o his_o son_n boris_n boris_n who_o rule_v a_o great_a while_n in_o polocz_n and_o build_v a_o famous_a church_n there_o with_o brick_n call_v it_o sancta_fw-la sophia_n he_o likewise_o found_v several_a other_o famous_a edisâ—â—ces_n with_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o borissow_n upon_o the_o river_n beresina_n to_o he_o succeed_v his_o son_n rechwold_n basilius_n rechwold_n who_o live_v to_o a_o great_a age_n and_o leave_v behind_o he_o a_o son_n call_v hlebus_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v poroskavia_n poroskavia_n hlebus_n survive_v his_o father_n but_o a_o little_a while_n and_o poroskavia_n whole_o devote_v herself_o to_o the_o greek_a religion_n but_o afterward_o go_v to_o rome_n where_o she_o die_v and_o be_v canonize_v for_o a_o saint_n now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n skirmunt_fw-la obtain_v great_a conquest_n over_o the_o tartar_n and_o russian_n and_o die_v leave_v his_o uncle_n kukovoitus_fw-la kukovoitus_n to_o succeed_v he_o in_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v govern_v a_o good_a while_n died_z and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son-in-law_n giedrussus_n giedrussus_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n poiata_n this_o duke_n die_v leave_v for_o his_o successor_n his_o son_n ringolt_n ringolt_n who_o have_v perform_v his_o father_n funeral-rite_n after_o the_o pagan_a manner_n enter_v upon_o the_o government_n of_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n against_o this_o duke_n the_o russian_n join_v â—â—y_o the_o tartar_n march_v with_o great_a fury_n to_o reduce_v he_o to_o pay_v tribute_n but_o he_o timely_o oppose_v they_o with_o equal_a force_n give_v they_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n near_o mohilna_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n at_o length_n this_o ringolt_n famous_a likewise_o for_o several_a other_o victory_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n 1240._o mindog_n or_o mendog_n in_o the_o year_n 1240_o who_o have_v various_a conflict_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o smolensko_n and_o volhynia_n both_o which_o at_o last_o he_o total_o subdue_v he_o likewise_o fight_v several_a battle_n with_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a king_n of_o poland_n and_o daniel_n emperor_n of_o moscovy_n in_o most_o of_o which_o the_o christian_n be_v worsted_n with_o great_a slaughter_n he_o frequent_o make_v incursion_n into_o masovia_n dobrina_n cujavia_n etc._n etc._n and_o return_v with_o great_a booty_n he_o also_o have_v bloody_a war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n of_o prussia_n and_o livonia_n but_o at_o length_n in_o the_o year_n 1252_o be_v over-persuade_v by_o the_o then_o great_a master_n henricus_n de_fw-fr zalcza_n he_o give_v up_o all_o his_o dominion_n to_o that_o order_n in_o acknowledgement_n of_o several_a honour_n and_o service_n do_v he_o and_o moreover_o consent_v to_o turn_v christian_a and_o afterward_o send_v to_o rome_n to_o pay_v his_o devoir_n to_o that_o see_n whereupon_o innocent_n iv._o depute_v his_o brother_n heinderic_n to_o consecrate_v he_o king_n but_o whether_o it_o be_v that_o mindog_n repent_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o dominion_n or_o for_o any_o other_o cause_n it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o refuse_v to_o receive_v this_o nuncio_n and_o the_o very_a same_o year_n together_o with_o all_o his_o country_n return_v to_o their_o former_a idolatry_n nevertheless_o king_n the_o teutonic_n knight_n suffer_v he_o to_o continue_v king_n and_o under_o he_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o lithuanian_n samogitian_n etc._n etc._n invade_v masovia_n and_o make_v great_a havoc_n of_o that_o country_n but_o afterward_o mendog_v be_v unmindful_a any_o far_o of_o the_o civility_n of_o those_o knight_n turn_v his_o arm_n against_o their_o country_n destroy_v most_o of_o their_o city_n and_o return_v with_o great_a spoil_n next_o mendog_n have_v gather_v together_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v likewise_o assist_v by_o swarno_n duke_n of_o russia_n march_v against_o semovitus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n who_o together_o with_o his_o son_n conrade_n he_o surprise_v in_o his_o palace_n of_o jasdow_n where_o swarno_n strike_v off_o semovitus_n his_o head_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o conrade_n be_v preserve_v by_o mendog_n and_o afterward_o ransom_v by_o his_o countryman_n soon_o after_o this_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o russian_n have_v make_v great_a devastation_n in_o masovia_n retire_v with_o the_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o their_o several_a country_n the_o next_o year_n the_o same_o people_n not_o be_v content_a with_o their_o former_a eruption_n march_v again_o into_o masovia_n but_o scarce_o find_v any_o thing_n leave_v to_o prey_n upon_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o last_o year_n work_n they_o only_o burn_v and_o plunder_v a_o house_n belong_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o so_o return_v home_o at_o length_n heaven_n think_v fit_a to_o favour_v the_o polish_v christian_n by_o take_v away_o king_n mindog_n who_o be_v murder_v by_o his_o nephew_n murder_v stroinat_n and_o his_o son-in-law_n dowmant_n in_o the_o year_n 1263._o 1263._o stroinat_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1263_o by_o the_o murder_n of_o his_o brother_n towcivil_a duke_n of_o polocz_n but_o not_o long_o afterward_o woisalk_v son_n of_o mendog_n though_o then_o a_o russian_a monk_n be_v mindful_a of_o his_o father_n death_n deprive_v he_o also_o of_o life_n and_o immediate_o seize_v on_o his_o dominion_n 1264._o woisalk_n take_v upon_o he_o only_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n and_o begin_v his_o government_n with_o frequent_a eruption_n into_o poland_n mascovia_n and_o prussia_n but_o in_o the_o year_n
country_n have_v be_v always_o â—â—o_o improve_v myself_o in_o what_o relate_v pecuâ—â—iarly_o to_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n and_o to_o natural_a knowledge_n yet_o for_o my_o own_o satisfaction_n and_o curiosity_n i_o be_v desirous_a to_o be_v inâ—â—ormed_v further_o both_o from_o the_o native_n themselves_o and_o their_o historian_n of_o the_o true_a state_n and_o origin_n of_o this_o vast_a kingdom_n i_o find_v that_o poland_n have_v meet_v with_o the_o same_o fate_n with_o most_o other_o country_n that_o be_v to_o be_v little_o know_v from_o its_o minority_n for_o when_o this_o monarchy_n be_v first_o found_v by_o lechus_n there_o be_v no_o learned_a man_n to_o hand_n down_o to_o posterity_n by_o their_o write_n the_o true_a state_n thereof_o from_o â—â—ts_n infancy_n but_o what_o small_a account_n there_o be_v extant_a of_o it_o be_v write_v some_o age_n after_o wherefore_o not_o have_v beside_o be_v a_o twelvemonth_n in_o that_o kingdom_n i_o can_v presume_v to_o give_v that_o satisfaction_n which_o perhaps_o your_o lordship_n may_v otherwise_o expect_v from_o the_o discourse_n i_o late_o have_v with_o you_o yet_o i_o can_v secure_o assert_v that_o the_o follow_a relation_n of_o the_o origin_n of_o that_o country_n be_v draw_v out_o of_o its_o most_o authentic_a historian_n poland_n poland_n by_o the_o roman_n call_v 4._o sarâ—â—natia_n europaea_n come_v to_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n and_o to_o be_v govern_v by_o elective_a prince_n much_o about_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o six_o century_n sometime_o after_o that_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n have_v ravage_v the_o south_n part_n of_o europe_n and_o abandon_v their_o own_o bleak_a northern_a habitation_n to_o establish_v themselves_o in_o warm_a region_n italy_n france_n spain_n and_o africa_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o etc._n sclavonian_n as_o sabellicus_n thuanus_n and_o other_o author_n have_v it_o to_o quit_v the_o cimmerian_a bosphorus_n or_o strait_o of_o caffa_n great_a sarmatia_n and_o great_a russia_n or_o moscovy_n to_o inhabit_v those_o desolate_a country_n afterward_o this_o people_n divide_v themselves_o into_o two_o considerable_a body_n one_o pass_v the_o danube_n and_o settle_v in_o dalmatia_n istria_n bosnia_n carynthia_n bulgaria_n as_o far_o as_o greece_n and_o in_o some_o part_n of_o etc._n germany_n while_o the_o other_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o three_o brother_n lechus_n cechus_n and_o russus_n turn_v towards_o the_o north_n to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o those_o province_n which_o the_o goth_n and_o vandal_n have_v forsake_v these_o brother_n 50._o be_v say_v to_o have_v build_v bremen_n in_o germany_n so_o name_v it_o from_o a_o sclavonian_a word_n signify_v a_o burden_n because_o they_o have_v there_o as_o one_o may_v say_v lay_v down_o their_o burden_n and_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n free_v from_o their_o former_a misery_n these_o prince_n likewise_o divide_v their_o follower_n into_o three_o party_n whereof_o one_o command_v by_o cechus_n settle_v in_o that_o kingdom_n which_o lie_v between_o poland_n and_o germany_n now_o call_v bohemia_n the_o other_o head_v by_o lechus_n fix_v in_o the_o low_a part_n of_o great_a sarmatia_n a_o flat_a and_o champain_n country_n whence_o the_o native_n have_v since_o call_v it_o polska_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n pole_n which_o inhabitant_n either_o signify_v plainness_n or_o hunt_v and_o the_o german_n poland_n or_o even-ground_n 21._o hartknoch_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o poland_n be_v a_o ancient_a name_n of_o sarmatia_n in_o the_o time_n of_o ptolomey_n before_o the_o pole_n inhabit_v this_o champain_n country_n which_o it_o may_v have_v take_v from_o the_o bulani_n or_o bolani_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v settle_v near_o the_o vistula_n and_o to_o have_v come_v from_o sarmatia_n the_o three_o brother_n â—â—agusâ—â—is_fw-la russus_n establish_v himself_o in_o that_o province_n of_o poland_n which_o be_v now_o call_v from_o his_o name_n russia_n not_o only_o the_o testimony_n of_o authentic_a writer_n but_o also_o our_o own_o reason_n will_v convince_v we_o that_o all_o these_o nation_n have_v original_o be_v the_o same_o which_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o language_n be_v but_o as_o so_o many_o dialect_v of_o one_o mother-tongue_n the_o sclavonian_a which_o be_v now_o speak_v in_o more_o country_n than_o any_o language_n of_o europe_n lechus_n here_o lechus_n have_v no_o great_a need_n of_o force_n to_o establish_v himself_o he_o meet_v with_o but_o little_a resistance_n all_o this_o country_n have_v be_v leave_v desolate_a for_o some_o time_n before_o by_o the_o vandal_n only_a 51._o regulus_n a_o german_a prince_n be_v say_v to_o have_v oppos_fw-mi d_o he_o at_o first_o and_o to_o have_v challenge_v he_o but_o be_v soon_o vanquish_v by_o he_o in_o a_o duel_n whereby_o he_o become_v master_n of_o pomerania_n which_o be_v then_o regulus_n his_o country_n in_o these_o day_n there_o be_v no_o city_n in_o poland_n no_o money_n be_v yet_o know_v nor_o any_o law_n write_v such_o as_o they_o have_v be_v only_o pronounce_v law_n by_o their_o prince_n mouth_n and_o hand_v down_o by_o tradition_n to_o the_o people_n 2._o prince_n be_v then_o rather_o father_n of_o family_n than_o lord_n and_o master_n and_o their_o revenue_n consist_v only_o in_o a_o moderate_a imposition_n on_o their_o subject_n labour_n lechus_n my_o lord_n settle_v in_o that_o great_a province_n which_o join_v the_o state_n of_o brandenburg_n since_o call_v posnania_n where_o he_o build_v the_o first_o city_n city_n name_v it_o ibid._n gnesna_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n gniazdo_n which_o in_o that_o language_n signify_v a_o nest_n and_o this_o because_o that_o where_o it_o be_v building_n a_o tree_n be_v cut_v down_o which_o have_v a_o eagles_n nest_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o which_o lechus_n take_v for_o a_o good_a omen_n not_o only_o call_v his_o city_n gnesna_n and_o make_v it_o the_o metropolis_n of_o his_o kingdom_n but_o also_o order_v that_o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n shall_v for_o ever_o after_o be_v a_o spread-eagle_n which_o have_v so_o continue_v even_o down_o to_o this_o day_n he_o likewise_o build_v city_n another_o city_n in_o a_o wood_n eight_o mile_n from_o the_o former_a which_o he_o name_v posnania_n by_o the_o present_a inhabitant_n call_v posnan_n signify_v in_o the_o polish_v tongue_n knowledge_n because_o he_o there_o meet_v and_o know_v his_o brother_n cechus_n prince_n of_o bohemia_n after_o above_o twenty_o year_n absence_n this_o city_n give_v occasion_n for_o name_v the_o province_n posnania_n in_o memory_n of_o lechus_n to_o this_o day_n the_o pole_n style_v their_o country_n in_o their_o poem_n lechia_n and_o mr._n montague_n north_n who_o live_v for_o sometime_o at_o constantinople_n have_v late_o tell_v i_o that_o the_o turk_n call_v a_o polander_n in_o their_o language_n lech_n make_v the_o pole_n likewise_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o founder_n though_o my_o lord_n this_o lechus_n bring_v that_o people_n under_o a_o kind_n of_o monarchical_a government_n yet_o neither_o he_o nor_o any_o of_o his_o successor_n can_v ever_o so_o far_o prevail_v upon_o they_o as_o to_o make_v the_o succession_n hereditary_n they_o have_v continue_v elective_a for_o above_o eleven_o hundred_o year_n always_o reserve_v a_o full_a power_n and_o authority_n to_o themselves_o of_o choose_v who_o they_o please_v for_o their_o king_n nevertheless_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v still_o hitherto_o elect_v one_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n where_o the_o decease_a king_n have_v any_o issue_n leave_v except_o in_o this_o present_a election_n which_o be_v like_a to_o go_v otherwise_o i_o find_v by_o their_o chronicle_n that_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o daughter_n have_v be_v exclude_v when_o there_o have_v be_v no_o son_n however_o they_o always_o think_v fit_a to_o acquaint_v they_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o election_n that_o they_o be_v not_o to_o attribute_v poland_n their_o accession_n to_o the_o throne_n to_o any_o right_o contract_v from_o their_o parent_n but_o be_v altogether_o oblige_v to_o the_o senate_n and_o gentry_n for_o put_v that_o sceptre_n into_o their_o hand_n hereby_o they_o intimate_v how_o much_o their_o king_n be_v indebt_v to_o they_o and_o what_o necessity_n they_o lie_v under_o to_o behave_v themselves_o well_o towards_o a_o people_n that_o be_v please_v to_o raise_v they_o to_o a_o supreme_a dignity_n which_o they_o have_v no_o better_a claim_n to_o than_o the_o mean_a gentleman_n in_o the_o kingdom_n they_o acquaint_v they_o likewise_o that_o they_o think_v themselves_o no_o long_o oblige_v to_o pay_v they_o obedience_n than_o that_o they_o keep_v to_o their_o oath_n and_o moreover_o they_o always_o reserve_v to_o themselves_o a_o right_n of_o depose_v they_o whenever_o they_o violate_v their_o law_n this_o maxim_n have_v hitherto_o prove_v very_o beneficial_a to_o the_o pole_n for_o enlarge_a their_o country_n and_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n and_o may_v well_o have_v
extend_v their_o dominion_n beyond_o those_o of_o any_o state_n in_o europe_n have_v their_o other_o constitution_n be_v as_o well_o ground_v or_o as_o exact_o observe_v for_o though_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v constant_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n the_o suede_n moscovite_n tartar_n turk_n hungarian_n and_o german_n and_o their_o kingdom_n be_v several_a time_n reduce_v to_o extremity_n burn_v and_o plunder_v by_o frequent_a incursion_n put_v into_o convulsion_n and_o desolation_n and_o thousand_o of_o their_o people_n be_v carry_v away_o into_o king_n captivity_n yet_o by_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o their_o king_n through_o a_o desire_n of_o gain_v the_o affection_n of_o their_o subject_n by_o serve_v their_o country_n zealous_o to_o the_o end_n their_o fame_n and_o merit_n may_v raise_v their_o child_n to_o the_o throne_n after_o their_o death_n the_o pole_n have_v not_o only_o always_o oppose_v but_o likewise_o repulse_v the_o exorbitant_a force_n of_o their_o enemy_n they_o have_v also_o by_o degree_n enlarge_v their_o country_n by_o vast_a conquest_n and_o render_v it_o several_a time_n the_o most_o formidable_a of_o any_o kingdom_n in_o europe_n they_o have_v likewise_o never_o submit_v to_o any_o foreign_a power_n no_o not_o even_o to_o the_o roman_n by_o force_n they_o have_v also_o hitherto_o inviolable_o maintain_v their_o liberty_n property_n and_o peculiar_a manner_n of_o government_n against_o all_o the_o attempt_n both_o of_o their_o enemy_n abroad_o or_o the_o cabal_n form_v either_o by_o themselves_o or_o their_o king_n at_o home_n and_o i_o believe_v i_o may_v say_v to_o their_o great_a commendation_n that_o they_o be_v the_o only_a nation_n in_o the_o world_n who_o have_v keep_v the_o long_a succession_n of_o king_n without_o subject_v themselves_o either_o to_o a_o despotic_a or_o hereditary_a monarchy_n their_o prince_n be_v now_o as_o most_o be_v think_v to_o have_v be_v at_o first_o whole_o elect_v by_o the_o people_n though_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v say_v the_o pole_n have_v never_o exclude_v their_o king_n child_n yet_o must_v it_o be_v understand_v that_o their_o crown_n have_v not_o always_o be_v in_o the_o same_o family_n by_o reason_n that_o from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o royal_a line_n have_v fail_v and_o therefore_o they_o have_v consequent_o be_v oblige_v to_o elect_v prince_n out_o of_o other_o family_n but_o still_o i_o may_v very_o well_o affirm_v that_o there_o have_v never_o be_v any_o stranger_n choose_v except_o in_o the_o present_a election_n where_o the_o precede_a king_n have_v any_o issue_n survive_v prince_n the_o prince_n and_o princess_n of_o this_o kingdom_n have_v in_o all_o be_v fifty_o two_o whereof_o be_v woman_n as_o venda_n and_o hedwigis_fw-la both_o have_v have_v the_o government_n for_o some_o time_n and_o the_o other_o forty_o eight_o be_v men._n 22._o at_o first_o these_o prince_n be_v only_o style_v deuce_n duke_n or_o general_n of_o poland_n as_o if_o their_o office_n in_o those_o time_n have_v be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o head_n army_n for_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o to_o boleslaus_n chrobry_n they_o be_v not_o so_o much_o as_o crown_v this_o title_n continue_v from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 1005._o when_o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o create_v boleslaus_n i._o the_o sixteen_o duke_n of_o poland_n king_n king_n be_v the_o second_o christian_n prince_n that_o have_v govern_v that_o country_n all_o before_o he_o and_o miecislaus_fw-la i._n his_o father_n have_v be_v pagan_n as_o be_v likewise_o the_o pole_n themselves_o till_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o this_o miecislaus_fw-la the_o fifteen_o duke_n of_o poland_n turn_v christian_n in_o the_o year_n 964_o in_o pope_n john_n the_o xiiith_n time_n by_o which_o mean_v his_o son_n boleslaus_n come_v to_o have_v the_o title_n of_o king_n all_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n may_v be_v divide_v king_n into_o four_o class_n whereof_o the_o first_o and_o last_o be_v of_o different_a family_n the_o second_o and_o three_o of_o but_o one_o in_o which_o the_o crown_n pass_v from_o the_o father_n to_o the_o daughter_n the_o first_o class_n reign_v from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 830_o the_o second_o from_o 830_o to_o 1382_o the_o three_o from_o 1382_o to_o 1574_o and_o the_o last_o from_o thence_o down_o to_o our_o time_n i_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v your_o lordship_n some_o short_a account_n of_o the_o succession_n and_o most_o remarkable_a action_n of_o the_o first_o class_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o poland_n from_o the_o year_n 550_o to_o the_o year_n 830._o 550._o lechus_n 8._o son_n of_o anon_o first_o duke_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o say_v before_o found_v this_o nation_n build_v he_o build_v the_o first_o city_n there_o name_v it_o gnesna_n now_o the_o primate_n see_v as_o likewise_o the_o city_n of_o posnan_n capital_a of_o posnania_n it_o be_v uncertain_a how_o many_o govern_v before_o his_o race_n come_v to_o be_v extinct_a and_o there_o be_v great_a contest_v among_o the_o polish_v historian_n about_o his_o successor_n but_o some_o affirm_v that_o he_o order_v by_o his_o last_o will_n like_a alexander_n the_o great_a that_o they_o shall_v elect_v the_o most_o worthy_a person_n among_o they_o visimirus_n visimirus_n his_o 52._o nephew_n be_v thereupon_o choose_v who_o be_v report_v to_o have_v extend_v his_o dominion_n even_o to_o the_o very_a border_n of_o denmark_n and_o to_o have_v build_v a_o very_a great_a ship_n which_o be_v a_o exceed_a terror_n to_o the_o dane_n he_o be_v also_o say_v to_o have_v give_v that_o nation_n a_o great_a overthrow_n by_o sea_n and_o to_o have_v pursue_v his_o victory_n into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o that_o kingdom_n where_o he_o subdue_v many_o province_n and_o conquesis_n build_v several_a city_n whereof_o one_o be_v wismar_n which_o retain_v his_o name_n to_o this_o day_n in_o one_o battle_n this_o visimirus_n be_v say_v to_o have_v take_v the_o danish_a king_n prisoner_n and_o to_o have_v carry_v he_o into_o poland_n whence_o afterward_o be_v release_v and_o conspire_v together_o with_o the_o swede_n and_o holsatian_o he_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o poland_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n but_o be_v soon_o meet_v and_o vanquish_v again_o by_o wisimir_n who_o thereupon_o push_v on_o his_o victory_n so_o far_o as_o to_o reduce_v the_o great_a part_n of_o denmark_n which_o he_o then_o unite_v to_o poland_n in_o opposition_n to_o this_o story_n monsieur_fw-fr pauli_n minister_v here_o from_o denmark_n have_v assure_v i_o that_o the_o pole_n never_o make_v any_o conquest_n in_o that_o country_n which_o may_v give_v some_o exception_n to_o the_o truth_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n though_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o several_a king_n reign_v during_o the_o space_n of_o 150_o year_n there_o be_v so_o much_o time_n between_o the_o begin_n of_o lechus_n his_o reign_n and_o the_o election_n of_o cracus_n however_o to_o gratify_v the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o public_a i_o hope_v i_o have_v not_o do_v amiss_o to_o insert_v it_o since_o i_o withal_o quote_v my_o author_n after_o many_o glorious_a action_n have_v great_o augment_v his_o dominion_n this_o wisimir_n die_v death_n without_o issue_n vapovius_fw-la say_v that_o lechus_n his_o posterity_n reign_v all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n between_o he_o and_o cracus_n be_v 150_o year_n yet_o have_v consult_v all_o their_o historian_n i_o can_v find_v no_o manner_n of_o account_n give_v of_o their_o reigâ—â—_n nor_o of_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n in_o all_o that_o space_n of_o time_n lechus_n his_o issue_n be_v extinct_a it_o be_v certain_a the_o woievod_n people_n elect_v twelve_o woievod_n in_o the_o polish_v language_n captain_n of_o war_n to_o govern_v they_o who_o divide_v that_o country_n into_o twelve_o part_n for_o the_o pole_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o liberty_n will_v then_o by_o no_o mean_n put_v the_o government_n into_o one_o man_n hand_n but_o soon_o after_o these_o depose_v palatine_n disagree_v among_o themselves_o the_o people_n choose_v one_o 700._o cracus_n for_o their_o head_n a_o very_a rich_a and_o popular_a person_n report_v to_o have_v be_v of_o the_o race_n of_o the_o gracchi_n at_o rome_n who_o be_v banish_v into_o this_o country_n by_o king_n ancus_n who_o this_o cracus_n be_v all_o historian_n do_v not_o agree_v the_o polish_v writer_n say_v he_o be_v one_o of_o the_o twelve_o woievod_n but_o the_o etc._n bohemian_n affirm_v he_o be_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o country_n he_o gain_v extreme_o upon_o the_o good_a will_n of_o his_o subject_n for_o he_o soon_o appease_v the_o impend_a storm_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n build_v a_o city_n on_o the_o river_n vistula_n 〈◊〉_d call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n cracow_n and_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o gnesna_n thither_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o this_o city_n have_v ever_o since_o
be_v the_o metrâ—â—polis_n of_o poland_n in_o which_o all_o the_o king_n by_o the_o constitution_n be_v to_o be_v crown_v though_o they_o be_v to_o live_v at_o warsaw_n 55._o there_o go_v a_o frivolous_a story_n of_o a_o monstrous_a dragon_n that_o rage_v in_o those_o day_n near_o this_o city_n who_o with_o his_o poisonous_a breath_n kill_v all_o that_o come_v near_o he_o and_o likewise_o sometime_o sally_v abroad_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o thousand_o to_o prevent_v which_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o throw_v he_o every_o day_n three_o ox_n which_o at_o length_n almost_o cause_v a_o famine_n duke_n cracus_n make_v use_v of_o a_o stratagem_n to_o destroy_v he_o which_o be_v this_o he_o order_v a_o ox_n hide_n to_o be_v stuff_v full_a of_o sulphur_n nitre_n pitch_n and_o the_o like_a and_o to_o be_v cast_v to_o the_o monster_n who_o take_v it_o for_o no_o other_o than_o his_o daily_a offer_n greedy_o devour_v it_o but_o quick_o find_v himself_o inflame_v with_o so_o great_a a_o drought_n that_o he_o soon_o after_o burst_v with_o drink_v in_o the_o river_n vistula_n death_n after_o this_o duke_n death_n he_o be_v ybury_v by_o his_o own_o order_n on_o a_o little_a hill_n in_o sight_n of_o the_o town_n and_o this_o to_o put_v the_o citizen_n in_o mind_n of_o their_o founder_n he_o leave_v three_o child_n issue_n cracus_n lechus_n and_o venda_n whereof_o ii_o lechus_n ii_o to_o obtain_v the_o principality_n murder_v his_o elder_a brother_n cracus_n in_o a_o wood_n death_n which_o be_v soon_o detect_v he_o be_v banish_v the_o country_n and_o die_v in_o exile_n 750._o venda_fw-la a_o virgin_n which_o show_v the_o affection_n the_o pole_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o royal_a family_n succeed_v he_o she_o be_v a_o very_a beautiful_a princess_n and_o among_o several_a other_o be_v court_v by_o one_o 161._o ritiger_n a_o german_a prince_n who_o not_o prove_v much_o in_o her_o favour_n come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o force_v she_o to_o marry_v he_o but_o be_v brave_o oppose_v and_o vanquish_v by_o she_o as_o the_o polish_v historian_n will_v have_v it_o though_o the_o german_a affirm_v the_o contrary_a and_o say_v she_o drown_v herself_o upon_o his_o pursue_v she_o close_o death_n which_o the_o other_o pretend_v be_v occasion_v by_o her_o hear_n ritiger_n be_v a_o handsome_a man_n and_o have_v kill_v himself_o in_o a_o rage_n with_o this_o princess_n cracus_n his_o family_n be_v woievod_n extinct_a the_o pole_n choose_v a_o second_o time_n twelve_o woievod_n who_o fall_v out_o as_o before_o among_o themselves_o and_o the_o hungarian_n and_o moravian_o depose_v invade_v their_o country_n they_o think_v fit_a to_o elect_v one_o premislus_n a_o goldsmith_n for_o their_o duke_n afterward_o call_v 750._o lescus_n i._o the_o reason_n of_o who_o be_v choose_v be_v a_o stratagem_n he_o have_v contrive_v that_o save_v the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v in_o distress_n by_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o be_v as_o follow_v they_o be_v in_o the_o field_n against_o the_o hungarian_n and_o moravian_o and_o find_v themselves_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o their_o enemy_n this_o goldsmith_n contrive_v a_o way_n to_o make_v they_o seem_v more_o numerous_a and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o gain_v they_o a_o complete_a victory_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o get_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o helmet_n make_v of_o the_o bark_n stratagem_n of_o tree_n which_o he_o daub_v over_o with_o quicksilver_n and_o gall_n and_o by_o night_n hang_v they_o in_o order_n of_o a_o army_n on_o small_a bough_n at_o the_o side_n of_o a_o wood_n which_o the_o enemy_n next_o morning_n perceive_v by_o reflection_n of_o the_o sun_n upon_o they_o believe_v it_o to_o be_v the_o polish_v army_n march_v direct_o towards_o they_o when_o the_o pole_n who_o be_v behind_o the_o tree_n remove_v the_o helmet_n the_o enemy_n think_v they_o have_v retreat_v for_o fear_n whereupon_o hot_o pursue_v they_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o wood_n the_o pole_n who_o lie_v in_o ambush_n surround_v and_o cut_v they_o all_o to_o piece_n he_o govern_v the_o pole_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n for_o a_o good_a while_n none_o during_o his_o reign_n dare_v to_o molest_v that_o country_n how_o long_o he_o uncertain_a reign_v and_o where_o and_o of_o what_o distemper_n he_o die_v be_v uncertain_a horse-race_n this_o duke_n leave_v no_o issue_n a_o horse-race_n be_v institute_v wherein_o the_o victor_n be_v to_o succeed_v in_o the_o government_n hereupon_o a_o stone_n pillar_n be_v raise_v before_o cracow_n on_o which_o be_v â—â—aid_v the_o crown_n sceptre_n globe_n and_o other_o regalia_z and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n a_o herald_n proclaim_v the_o throne_n to_o he_o that_o get_v first_o from_o the_o river_n pardnic_n to_o the_o goal_n upon_o which_o several_a candidate_n appear_v one_o lescus_n think_v himself_o wise_a than_o the_o rest_n lay_v iron_n spikes_n in_o the_o road_n where_o the_o race_n be_v to_o be_v run_v by_o which_o the_o other_o horse_n be_v defeat_v â—â—amed_v he_o come_v first_o to_o the_o pillar_n but_o this_o fraud_n be_v soon_o detect_v instead_o of_o be_v choose_v he_o be_v tear_v to_o piece_n on_o the_o spot_n and_o 776._o lescus_n ii_o a_o poor_a country_n fellow_n who_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o to_o be_v destine_v for_o their_o prince_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 776_o who_o while_o the_o other_o horse_n be_v hamper_v by_o the_o way_n run_v the_o race_n on_o foot_n for_o want_v of_o a_o horse_n though_o rather_o to_o show_v his_o swiftness_n than_o out_o of_o any_o thought_n of_o the_o crown_n get_v next_o the_o impostor_n to_o the_o goal_n example_n this_o duke_n in_o commemoration_n of_o his_o former_a condition_n will_v once_o a_o year_n solemn_o â—â—ay_v by_o his_o robe_n and_o put_v on_o his_o country_n clothes_n which_o he_o preserve_v whilst_o he_o live_v for_o that_o purpose_n and_o which_o induce_v all_o the_o courtier_n to_o be_v as_o mean_o clothe_v at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o write_v that_o he_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o death_n war_n against_o charles_n the_o great_a 804._o lescus_n iii_o his_o son_n succeed_v he_o be_v choose_v in_o the_o year_n 804._o he_o soon_o force_v the_o uncertain_a aforesaid_a emperor_n to_o a_o peace_n but_o when_o he_o die_v i_o find_v no_o mention_n make_v he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v above_o twenty_o natural_a son_n 810._o popiel_n his_o son_n succeed_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 810._o this_o prince_n have_v none_o of_o the_o good_a quality_n either_o of_o his_o father_n or_o grandfather_n his_o great_a vice_n care_n be_v to_o make_v much_o of_o himself_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o the_o public_a he_o think_v cracow_n too_o much_o expose_v to_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o hungarian_n and_o russian_n and_o therefore_o for_o security_n of_o his_o person_n withdraw_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n first_o to_o gnesna_n and_o afterward_o to_o cruswitz_n where_o he_o soon_o after_o death_n die_v sudden_o 11._o his_o common_a execration_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v that_o he_o may_v be_v devour_v by_o rat_n which_o though_o it_o happen_v not_o to_o he_o yet_o his_o son_n popiel_n perish_v by_o that_o fate_n 815._o popiel_n ii_o son_n to_o the_o former_a be_v elect_v next_o in_o the_o year_n 815_o and_o reign_v to_o 830_o who_o be_v a_o loose_a and_o profligate_v prince_n be_v more_o universal_o hate_v than_o his_o father_n which_o his_o wife_n perceive_v as_o likewise_o that_o his_o father_n brother_n be_v more_o belove_v contrive_v a_o way_n to_o poison_v they_o thereby_o the_o better_a to_o secure_v the_o succession_n to_o her_o child_n hereupon_o stratagem_n by_o her_o stratagem_n popiel_n feign_v a_o dangerous_a sickness_n and_o invite_v his_o uncle_n to_o visit_v he_o which_o they_o speedy_o obey_v he_o cause_v they_o to_o come_v to_o his_o bedside_n where_o take_v they_o by_o the_o hand_n as_o if_o just_a go_v to_o leave_n e_o world_n he_o recommend_v to_o they_o a_o cup_n to_o ink_n which_o they_o little_o suspect_v any_o poison_n urteous_o accept_v and_o drink_v off_o when_o king_n leave_v of_o their_o nephew_n a_o little_a while_n ter_z they_o fall_v into_o excessive_a pain_n and_o soon_o ed._n upon_o which_o this_o barbarous_a duke_n by_z e_z instigation_n of_o his_o wife_n give_v out_o that_o it_o as_o a_o judgement_n from_o the_o god_n upon_o they_o for_o â—â—e_z treacherous_a design_n they_o have_v form_v against_o he_o and_o his_o child_n and_o therefore_o â—â—dered_v their_o body_n to_o lie_v unbury_v for_o a_o conquerable_a time_n the_o better_a to_o take_v away_o all_o spition_n of_o his_o crime_n hereupon_o no_o body_n â—â—er_v so_o much_o as_o suspect_v either_o popiel_n or_o â—â—s_o wife_n of_o their_o death_n till_o at_o length_n dine_v justice_n discover_v and_o punish_v the_o offener_n after_o a_o extraordinary_a manner_n for_o
by_o his_o wife_n repicha_n a_o â—â—rave_a and_o warlike_a prince_n this_o duke_n have_v considerable_a advantage_n by_o have_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n long_o before_o his_o father_n death_n who_o for_o some_o time_n be_v superâ—â—nnuated_a he_o obtain_v great_a conquest_n over_o the_o hungarian_n moravian_o and_o german_n and_o war_n be_v the_o 15._o first_o that_o bring_v the_o polish_v army_n to_o a_o discipline_n by_o institute_v general_n colonel_n captain_n and_o other_o subaltern_n officer_n among_o they_o he_o regain_v what_o the_o popielsâ—â—ost_o â—â—ost_z and_o beside_o considerable_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n by_o new_a conquest_n character_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o boundless_a resolution_n seem_v destine_v for_o war_n 22._o be_v able_a to_o undergo_v the_o great_a fatigue_n and_o consequent_o be_v exceed_o admire_v and_o belove_v by_o his_o subject_n he_o die_v at_o gnesna_n be_v bury_v death_n there_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 892._o lescus_n iu._n who_o be_v elect_v young_a be_v under_o the_o care_n of_o governor_n for_o some_o time_n he_o be_v of_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a disposition_n character_n incline_v rather_o to_o peace_n than_o war_n and_o content_v to_o preserve_v what_o his_o father_n have_v leave_v he_o without_o ever_o aim_v to_o enlarge_v his_o dominion_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 913_o and_o be_v death_n succeed_v by_o his_o son_n character_n ziemovistus_n who_o reign_v 51_o year_n this_o prince_n be_v much_o of_o the_o same_o temper_n with_o his_o father_n there_o have_v be_v no_o war_n in_o his_o time_n he_o have_v but_o one_o son_n â—â—ecislaus_n i._n who_o be_v bear_v blind_a be_v miracuâ—â—ously_o restore_v to_o his_o sight_n about_o the_o age_n of_o seven_o year_n when_o he_o be_v about_o to_o have_v his_o head_n shave_v according_a to_o the_o pagan_a custom_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o the_o magi_n of_o that_o kingdom_n to_o prognosticate_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v the_o light_n of_o poland_n which_o not_o long_o after_o his_o election_n death_n come_v to_o pass_v ziemovistus_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o gnesna_n and_o his_o son_n 964._o miecislaus_fw-la i._n come_v to_o the_o crown_n next_o he_o have_v seven_o wife_n at_o a_o time_n yet_o can_v have_v no_o child_n by_o they_o which_o open_v a_o way_n christian_n for_o the_o christian_a faith_n to_o enter_v poland_n for_o there_o be_v then_o several_a christian_n wander_v up_o and_o down_o that_o country_n to_o convert_v those_o pagan_n they_o come_v to_o this_o duke_n and_o tell_v he_o he_o can_v never_o have_v any_o issue_n till_o he_o have_v turn_v christian_a which_o miecislaus_fw-la harken_v to_o immediate_o put_v away_o all_o his_o wife_n and_o wife_n marry_v dambrawca_n daughter_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n on_o condition_n to_o turn_v christian_a and_o be_v baptize_v whereupon_o pope_n john_n xiii_o send_v cardinal_n aegidius_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o priest_n into_o poland_n to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n there_o which_o before_o have_v be_v altogether_o unknown_a in_o that_o country_n this_o duke_n erect_v the_o archbishoprics_a of_o gnesna_n and_o cracow_n with_o several_a bishopric_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n miecislaus_fw-la have_v a_o son_n call_v boleslâ—â—us_o which_o mighty_o augment_v his_o zeal_n to_o oblige_v his_o subject_n to_o be_v convert_v 19_o for_o he_o cause_v a_o law_n to_o be_v make_v that_o while_o any_o part_n of_o the_o gospel_n be_v read_v at_o mass_n every_o man_n shall_v half_o draw_v his_o scimitar_n to_o testify_v their_o forwardness_n to_o defend_v that_o faith_n war_n this_o duke_n have_v war_n with_o vlodimirus_n duke_n of_o russia_n to_o who_o he_o lose_v premislia_n and_o other_o to_n he_o send_v lambert_n archbishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o rome_n to_o obtain_v leave_n of_o pope_n benedict_n vii_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n to_o be_v style_v king_n but_o be_v refuse_v this_o pontiff_n not_o be_v yet_o dispose_v to_o grant_v that_o favour_n he_o bury_v dambrawca_n and_o afterward_o marry_v judith_n daughter_n of_o jesse_n prince_n of_o hungary_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 999._o boleslaus_n chrobry_n a_o virtuous_a prince_n who_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 999._o and_o 130._o after_o some_o year_n reign_v by_o consent_n of_o the_o pope_n be_v dignify_v with_o the_o title_n of_o king_n by_o 1005._o the_o emperor_n otho_n iii_o who_o also_o remit_v the_o pretension_n his_o predecessor_n have_v to_o poland_n as_o be_v emperor_n of_o the_o roman_n and_o this_o in_o consideration_n of_o a_o kind_a entertainment_n make_v he_o by_o boleslaus_n in_o his_o pilgrimage_n on_o account_n of_o his_o health_n to_o the_o tomb_n of_o st._n adalbert_n bishop_n of_o prague_n who_o be_v martyr_v by_o some_o pagan_n to_o who_o he_o offer_v to_o preach_v the_o christian_a faith_n of_o these_o barbarian_n boleslaus_n buy_v his_o body_n and_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v bury_v at_o gnesna_n whither_o great_a number_n from_o all_o part_n come_v to_o pay_v their_o devotion_n at_o his_o shrine_n the_o emperor_n otho_n also_o at_o the_o same_o time_n marry_v his_o niece_n rixa_fw-la to_o boleslaus_n his_o young_a son_n miecislaus_fw-la who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n to_o confirm_v his_o be_v crown_v king_n by_o otho_n the_o emperor_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o recite_v part_n of_o a_o old_a epitaph_n write_v upon_o he_o ob_fw-la famam_fw-la bonam_fw-la tibi_fw-la contulit_fw-la otto_n coronam_fw-la propter_fw-la luctamen_fw-la sit_fw-la tibi_fw-la salus_fw-la amen_n 22._o this_o king_n be_v surname_v chrobry_n signify_v in_o polish_v acute_a from_o the_o quickness_n and_o excellency_n of_o his_o part_n boleslaus_n make_v bohemia_n moravia_n and_o prussia_n tributary_n to_o poland_n war_n he_o also_o declare_v war_n against_o the_o saxon_n who_o make_v incursion_n into_o pomerania_n which_o be_v then_o govern_v by_o lescus_n iii_n family_n he_o assistant_n likewise_o institute_v twelve_o senator_n to_o assist_v he_o in_o the_o government_n this_o king_n death_n be_v so_o sincere_o regret_v that_o for_o a_o year_n time_n there_o be_v no_o mirth_n nor_o splendour_n in_o poland_n 71._o this_o prince_n be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a character_n spirit_n though_o withal_o modest_a courteous_a and_o endear_n both_o boleslaus_n and_o his_o father_n lie_v bury_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o cathedral_n church_n death_n of_o posnan_n who_o tomb_n i_o have_v there_o see_v his_o son_n 1025._o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o being_n about_o 35_o year_n old_a be_v elect_v next_o be_v crown_v by_o hippolytus_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o degenerate_v in_o all_o respect_n from_o his_o father_n and_o lose_v most_o of_o those_o conquest_n which_o he_o have_v add_v war_n to_o the_o crown_n to_o he_o the_o bohemian_n and_o â—â—avians_n refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n yet_o he_o â—â—ued_v pomerania_n which_o belong_v of_o right_n he_o polish_v crown_n he_o be_v a_o person_n very_o â—â—y_a and_o stupid_a and_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v character_n â—â—ed_v by_o his_o queen_n and_o companion_n than_o council_n which_o make_v he_o soon_o slight_v and_o â—â—ised_v both_o by_o his_o friend_n and_o enemy_n yet_o reign_v almost_o nine_o year_n and_o live_v forty_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v say_v he_o die_v mad_a and_o leave_v but_o death_n son_n 10â—â—4_n casimir_n i._n who_o be_v elect_v young_a his_o â—â—ther_n rixa_fw-la officiate_v the_o regency_n during_o regent_z minority_n this_o king_n be_v not_o choose_v withâ—â—_n much_o difficulty_n for_o many_o of_o the_o elector_n â—â—ing_n he_o may_v follow_v his_o father_n step_n viâ—â—ously_o oppose_v he_o at_o first_o also_o the_o polesâ—â—re_v â—â—re_z dissatisfy_v with_o his_o mother_n admiâ—â—ration_n for_o several_a reason_n among_o which_o 〈◊〉_d be_v her_o rob_v the_o treasury_n and_o afterwards_o fly_v with_o her_o son_n to_o her_o brother_n â—â—sar_n in_o saxony_n this_o young_a prince_n be_v send_v afterward_o his_o mother_n to_o study_v at_o paris_n become_v a_o bedictin_a monk_n at_o the_o abbey_n of_o â—â—luncy_n in_o france_n the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n have_v no_o body_n to_o â—â—eside_v in_o their_o government_n have_v great_a disâ—â—sions_n among_o they_o and_o therefore_o earnest_o entreat_v the_o pope_n to_o dispense_v with_o casiâ—â—r's_n vow_n that_o he_o may_v return_v to_o his_o throne_n schich_v they_o at_o length_n obtain_v upon_o 71._o agreeent_n that_o for_o each_o head_n except_o those_o of_o the_o obility_n and_o clergy_n they_o will_v contribute_v early_o a_o farthing_n to_o maintain_v a_o lamp_n perpetual_o burn_v in_o st._n peter_n church_n at_o râ—â—_n and_o moreover_o for_o ever_o after_o cause_v their_o hâ—â—_n to_o be_v shave_v about_o their_o ear_n like_o moâ—â—_n which_o be_v practise_v to_o this_o day_n as_o likeâ—â—_n stand_v in_o a_o white_a surplice_n while_o mass_n be_v â—â—ciating_a recall_v on_o all_o holiday_n upon_o these_o conditor_n they_o have_v their_o king_n again_o but_o when_o he_o â—â—_o crown_v i_o
woievod_n of_o cracovia_n to_o who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o fight_n send_v a_o hare-skin_n and_o spinning-wheel_n for_o recompense_n nevertheless_o this_o one_o defeat_n stick_v so_o close_o to_o he_o that_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v leave_v four_o son_n among_o who_o issue_n he_o divide_v his_o kingdom_n this_o king_n perform_v a_o great_a many_o more_o memorable_a action_n which_o my_o lord_n because_o they_o may_v be_v too_o tedious_a to_o insert_v here_o i_o have_v omit_v 72._o character_n he_o be_v of_o a_o undaunted_a spirit_n a_o great_a despiser_n of_o danger_n and_o no_o less_o a_o observer_n of_o truth_n and_o right_n very_o liberal_a and_o generous_a upon_o the_o small_a occasion_n and_o moreover_o endue_v with_o singular_a clemency_n and_o modesty_n he_o be_v further_a very_o ambitious_a of_o glory_n but_o at_o the_o same_o time_n no_o enemy_n to_o peace_n though_o he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v train_v up_o to_o war_n from_o his_o very_a cradle_n to_o 1140._o uladislaus_n surname_v the_o driveler_n his_o elder_a son_n he_o leave_v the_o supreme_a power_n which_o be_v confirm_v and_o he_o elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1140_o but_o reign_v only_o six_o year_n and_o to_o the_o other_o three_o he_o give_v only_o some_o separate_a province_n which_o afterward_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o great_a disorder_n in_o poland_n for_o the_o elder_a brother_n vladislaus_n pretend_v to_o dispossess_v brother_n the_o other_o three_o turn_v his_o brother_n boleslaus_n out_o of_o the_o palatinate_v of_o ploskow_n and_o masovia_n and_o his_o brother_n henry_n out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o sendomir_n who_o both_o retire_a to_o their_o three_o brother_n that_o govern_v posnania_n 73._o vladislaus_n have_v always_o with_o he_o a_o nobleman_n call_v d_o peter_n dunin_n who_o take_v out_o one_o day_n to_o hunt_v they_o happen_v to_o be_v so_o late_o abroad_o that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o lie_v all_o night_n in_o a_o wood_n where_o for_o diversion_n the_o king_n begin_v to_o joke_v with_o his_o companion_n after_o this_o manner_n dunin_n quoth_v he_o i._n believe_v your_o wife_n lie_v more_o at_o ease_n to_o night_n with_o the_o abbot_n scrinnen_n than_o we_o do_v to_o which_o dunin_n forget_v himself_o tart_o reply_v and_o it_o may_v be_v your_o majesty_n do_v the_o same_o with_o dobessus_n who_o it_o seem_v be_v a_o handsome_a fellow_n about_o court_n that_o his_o queen_n christina_n love_v this_o answer_n so_o nettle_v the_o king_n that_o he_o afterward_o employ_v the_o same_o dobessus_n to_o be_v revenge_v revenge_n on_o dunin_n which_o he_o effect_v by_o pull_v out_o his_o tongue_n and_o eye_n hereupon_o the_o people_n perceive_v how_o cruel_o vladislaus_n persecute_v his_o own_o brother_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n how_o ill_o he_o treat_v his_o subject_n begin_v to_o be_v daily_o more_o and_o more_o disaffect_v to_o he_o whereby_o his_o brother_n party_n great_o increase_a he_o be_v beat_v by_o they_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o besiege_v posnan_n wherefore_o discover_v new_a faction_n hourly_o appear_v against_o he_o and_o fear_v some_o ill_a fate_n from_o a_o universal_a hatred_n he_o timely_o withdraw_v into_o germany_n to_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n iii_o cousin_n kingdom_n german_a to_o his_o queen_n christina_n who_o several_a time_n endeavour_v to_o restore_v he_o but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o his_o brother_n boleslaus_n crispus_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o crown_n vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v for_o silesia_n only_o which_o afterward_o fall_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o bohemia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v out_o of_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n this_o prince_n lie_v bury_v at_o attenburg_n death_n a_o city_n of_o germany_n in_o alsace_n vladislaus_n with_o his_o son_n have_v abdicate_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n his_o second_o brother_n 1146._o boleslaus_n crispus_n or_o the_o frizzle_a be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1146_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1175_o yet_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n do_v what_o he_o can_v to_o restore_v vladislaus_n to_o effect_v which_o he_o first_o send_v ambassador_n into_o poland_n but_o to_o no_o purpose_n then_o he_o resolve_v to_o make_v war_n with_o the_o pole_n but_o defer_v it_o till_o his_o expedition_n against_o asia_n be_v over_o to_o facilitate_v which_o he_o have_v obtain_v leave_n to_o pass_v through_o boleslaus_n his_o dominion_n to_o the_o euxine_a sea_n but_o at_o his_o return_n be_v constant_o solicit_v by_o vladislaus_n and_o his_o queen_n he_o march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n against_o poland_n yet_o war_n what_o with_o delay_n stratagem_n and_o ambuscadoe_n he_o be_v so_o fatigue_v by_o the_o pole_n that_o he_o can_v do_v nothing_o till_o at_o last_o he_o be_v call_v home_o to_o appease_v some_o intestine_a broil_n in_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o soon_o after_o die_v his_o successor_n frederic_n barberossa_n also_o espouse_v vladislaus_n his_o cause_n but_o not_o be_v able_a to_o do_v any_o thing_n in_o his_o favour_n by_o ambassador_n he_o march_v with_o a_o numerous_a army_n against_o the_o pole_n which_o they_o likewise_o harass_v and_o weary_v out_o till_o they_o have_v oblige_v that_o emperor_n to_o strike_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o he_o be_v in_o war_n at_o the_o same_o time_n against_o milan_n by_o which_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o boleslaus_n shall_v remit_v silesia_n to_o vladislaus_n who_o posterity_n afterward_o divide_v it_o into_o several_a dutchy_n till_o at_o last_o it_o come_v to_o the_o empire_n this_o great_a province_n my_o lord_n as_o i_o observe_v in_o my_o journey_n through_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o most_o fertile_a and_o plentiful_a country_n in_o all_o germany_n boleslaus_n begin_v another_o war_n against_o the_o prussian_n for_o refuse_v to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n and_o force_v they_o to_o this_o compliance_n that_o they_o shall_v submit_v in_o case_n he_o leave_v they_o to_o their_o religion_n but_o otherwise_o they_o bold_o declare_v that_o they_o will_v rather_o die_v than_o become_v christian_n again_o whereupon_o boleslaus_n be_v force_v to_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o they_o soon_o revolt_v and_o by_o a_o 78._o stratagem_n entire_o rout_v the_o polish_v army_n and_o death_n kill_v his_o brother_n henry_n this_o king_n die_v not_o long_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v at_o cracow_n 1174._o miecislaus_fw-la surname_v the_o old_a brother_n to_o boleslaus_n succeed_v he_o be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1174_o and_o reign_v only_o to_o 1178._o he_o be_v call_v the_o old_a from_o his_o great_a sagacity_n and_o prudence_n in_o his_o youth_n his_o covetousness_n policy_n induce_v he_o to_o hoard_v up_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n by_o oppress_v the_o gentry_n and_o people_n with_o unreasonable_a tax_n and_o sell_v all_o employment_n though_o against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n this_o extreme_a avarice_n bring_v he_o to_o be_v general_o hate_v by_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n whereupon_o 88_o gedeon_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n endeavour_v several_a time_n to_o incline_v he_o to_o pity_v his_o subject_n and_o despise_v money_n since_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o it_o but_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n hearken_v to_o his_o advice_n wherefore_o this_o bishop_n concert_v together_o with_o the_o gentry_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o remit_v dethrone_v the_o crown_n to_o casimir_n his_o brother_n who_o more_o deserve_v it_o which_o they_o effectual_o do_v after_o some_o little_a bloodshed_n here_o we_o may_v observe_v that_o covertousness_n be_v the_o great_a vice_n that_o any_o prince_n can_v be_v guilty_a of_o especial_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o subject_n as_o your_o lordship_n doubtless_o have_v observe_v be_v general_o liberal_a even_o to_o extravagance_n at_o first_o casimir_n refuse_v the_o crown_n offer_v he_o allege_v it_o be_v his_o brother_n right_a and_o that_o such_o a_o alteration_n may_v occasion_v civil_a war_n which_o he_o by_o no_o mean_n have_v any_o mind_n to_o be_v the_o author_n of_o but_o when_o they_o unanimous_o declare_v they_o will_v have_v no_o other_o king_n and_o can_v never_o more_o obey_v miecislaus_fw-la 1178._o casimir_n ii_o consent_v to_o accept_v of_o the_o government_n be_v elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1178_o and_o reign_v to_o 1195._o he_o be_v surname_v the_o just_a be_v altogether_o unlike_o his_o brother_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o follow_a particular_a 82._o be_v at_o play_n with_o a_o gentleman_n of_o he_o name_v conarius_n whilst_o he_o be_v prince_n of_o sendomir_n and_o have_v win_v all_o his_o adversary_n money_n the_o gentleman_n in_o a_o passion_n strike_v he_o over_o the_o face_n and_o flee_v but_o next_o day_n be_v bring_v before_o he_o be_v adjudge_v by_o every_o body_n to_o have_v deserve_v death_n for_o his_o insolence_n not_o example_n at_o all_o reply_v the_o good_a prince_n for_o be_v affect_v with_o his_o loss_n and_o not_o
have_v it_o in_o his_o power_n to_o revenge_v himself_o on_o fortune_n it_o be_v no_o wonder_n if_o he_o fall_v foul_a of_o her_o favourite_n and_o moreover_o rather_o blame_v himself_o for_o condescend_v to_o play_v with_o he_o and_o likewise_o thank_v he_o for_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n by_o that_o blow_n how_o unworthy_a it_o be_v for_o a_o prince_n to_o bestow_v his_o time_n so_o ill_o and_o last_o as_o a_o further_a argument_n of_o his_o dissent_v from_o his_o brother_n principle_n he_o return_v the_o courtier_n all_o his_o money_n again_o restore_v miecislaus_fw-la be_v exclude_v retire_v with_o his_o princess_n and_o child_n to_o ratisbon_n to_o the_o emperor_n frederic_n his_o kinsman_n who_o yet_o can_v do_v he_o no_o good_a he_o be_v engage_v at_o that_o time_n in_o war_n both_o in_o italy_n and_o asia_n therefore_o his_o next_o recourse_n be_v to_o his_o brother_n clemency_n this_o so_o far_o wrought_v upon_o casimir_n that_o he_o make_v a_o speech_n to_o the_o senate_n to_o recall_v he_o but_o be_v extreme_o blame_v by_o they_o for_o offer_v to_o prefer_v a_o private_a kindness_n to_o the_o public_a safety_n all_o this_o while_n miecislaus_fw-la be_v little_o sensible_a of_o his_o brother_n be_v good_a nature_n though_o he_o afterward_o underhand_o endeavour_v again_o to_o get_v he_o restore_v casimir_n begin_v his_o reign_n by_o ease_v his_o subject_n of_o the_o tax_n his_o brother_n have_v impose_v upon_o they_o and_o restrain_v the_o power_n of_o exorbitant_a magistrate_n while_o he_o be_v absent_a in_o russia_n on_o account_n of_o compose_v some_o difference_n by_o instigation_n of_o miecislaus_fw-la some_o of_o the_o noble_n conspire_v against_o he_o and_o endeavour_v to_o reinstate_v miecislaus_fw-la which_o the_o better_a to_o bring_v about_o and_o satisfy_v the_o people_n they_o pretend_v that_o casimir_n be_v poison_v in_o russia_n hereupon_o miecislaus_fw-la ready_o arrive_v in_o poland_n and_o be_v receive_v every_o where_o but_o in_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n which_o bishop_n fulco_n hold_v out_o against_o he_o of_o all_o this_o casimir_n be_v soon_o inform_v by_o assistance_n of_o the_o russian_n overcome_v his_o brother_n and_o give_v both_o he_o and_o his_o army_n their_o life_n which_o goodness_n of_o he_o at_o length_n so_o wrought_v upon_o miecislaus_fw-la that_o he_o never_o after_o aim_v at_o the_o crown_n submit_v after_o casimir_n be_v well_o settle_v be_v not_o unmindful_a of_o the_o rebellious_a prussian_n nor_o of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n henry_n he_o march_v with_o so_o great_a fury_n against_o they_o that_o he_o have_v regard_n neither_o for_o man_n woman_n nor_o child_n but_o put_v great_a number_n of_o all_o sort_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v their_o country_n to_o that_o degree_n that_o at_o last_o they_o quiet_o submit_v to_o the_o absolute_a dominion_n of_o poland_n city_n this_o king_n make_v a_o city_n of_o 85._o dantzic_n in_o prussia_n which_o before_o be_v only_o a_o poor_a fisher-town_n on_o the_o baltic_a sea_n he_o lie_v bury_v at_o cracow_n have_v leave_v two_o son_n lescus_n and_o conrade_n issue_n and_o one_o daughter_n adleida_n he_o live_v to_o the_o age_n of_o six_o and_o fifty_o year_n after_o his_o death_n the_o pole_n elect_v his_o son_n 1195._o lescus_n v._o surname_v the_o white_a in_o the_o year_n 1195_o who_o be_v very_o young_a have_v for_o guardian_n his_o mother_n helena_n with_o the_o guardian_n bishop_n and_o palatin_n of_o cracovia_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n his_o uncle_n miecislaus_fw-la be_v yet_o alive_a war_n come_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n of_o pole_n and_o silesian_n to_o dethrone_v he_o and_o gain_v a_o bloody_a battle_n over_o the_o palatin_n of_o cracovia_n who_o command_v lescus_n his_o army_n hereupon_o he_o immediate_o dispatch_v ambassador_n to_o helena_n to_o represent_v to_o she_o his_o unquestionable_a right_n to_o the_o crown_n his_o strength_n the_o disorder_n among_o lescus_n his_o tutor_n who_o be_v too_o young_a be_v not_o able_a of_o himself_o to_o govern_v the_o great_a advantage_n he_o have_v obtain_v in_o the_o late_a battle_n and_o last_o his_o great_a party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o moreover_o desire_v helena_n to_o make_v he_o guardian_n over_o her_o son_n and_o promise_n to_o adopt_v he_o for_o his_o own_o to_o leave_v he_o the_o succession_n after_o his_o death_n and_o that_o he_o will_v do_v nothing_o but_o what_o shall_v be_v according_a to_o the_o constiution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n all_o these_o dethrone_v proffer_v have_v be_v thorough_o weigh_v by_o 1199._o the_o queen_n and_o council_n at_o last_o miecislaus_fw-la be_v recall_v a_o second_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1199._o after_o have_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o perform_v all_o his_o promise_n but_o be_v once_o reinthron_v he_o soon_o forget_v his_o oath_n and_o fall_v to_o consiscate_v several_a of_o his_o subject_n estage_n and_o give_v they_o to_o other_o say_v 99_o that_o a_o king_n be_v no_o long_o oblige_v to_o keep_v his_o oath_n than_o when_o it_o be_v neither_o safe_a nor_o beneficial_a for_o he_o to_o break_v it_o hereupon_o dethrone_v the_o palatin_n of_o cracovia_n seize_v on_o the_o restore_v city_n of_o cracow_n and_o receive_v lescus_n a_o second_o time_n whilst_o miecislaus_fw-la be_v then_o absent_a by_o all_o the_o intrigue_n imaginable_a endeavour_v to_o be_v restore_v whereupon_o he_o flatter_v the_o people_n persuade_v they_o that_o lescus_n his_o party_n have_v cast_v false_a aspersion_n upon_o he_o and_o that_o if_o he_o do_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n he_o be_v mere_o betray_v to_o it_o by_o the_o malicious_a persuasion_n of_o his_o pretend_a friend_n by_o these_o and_o such_o like_a fair_a word_n he_o jull_v asleep_o the_o credulous_a people_n and_o gain_v their_o affection_n the_o three_o time_n whereupon_o he_o send_v to_o the_o queen_n to_o inform_v she_o that_o nicholas_n palatin_n of_o cracovia_n have_v be_v the_o author_n of_o the_o late_a disturbance_n and_o therefore_o will_v she_o to_o remove_v he_o from_o court_n and_o receive_v himself_o again_o which_o she_o pity_v his_o unfortunate_a case_n even_o in_o prejudice_n of_o she_o own_o son_n be_v incline_v to_o do_v and_o will_v therefore_o admit_v of_o no_o justification_n from_o the_o palatin_n whereupon_o this_o person_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n go_v and_o join_v miecislaus_fw-la many_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o in_o short_a the_o queen_n be_v quick_o force_v to_o recall_v miecislaus_fw-la a_o three_o time_n 1202._o in_o the_o year_n 1202._o when_o be_v reinthron_v he_o requite_v queen_n helena_n for_o her_o service_n by_o seize_v upon_o the_o territory_n of_o voslicia_n and_o three_o other_o place_n in_o sendomir_n which_o of_o right_n belong_v to_o she_o and_o be_v about_o to_o do_v the_o same_o to_o several_a other_o he_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o sudden_a death_n in_o the_o seventy_o three_o year_n of_o death_n his_o age_n leave_v two_o son_n otho_n and_o vladislaus_n lasconogus_n after_o miecislaus_fw-la his_o death_n the_o great_a part_n vote_v for_o lescus_n v._o that_o be_v still_o alive_a but_o nicholas_n palatin_n of_o cracovia_n and_o the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n his_o brother_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o it_o 103._o unless_o lescus_n will_v banish_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n govoric_n palatin_n of_o sendomir_n of_o who_o they_o be_v both_o very_a jealous_a lescus_n answer_v he_o will_v not_o buy_v a_o kingdom_n which_o by_o right_n be_v his_o own_o by_o do_v a_o injury_n to_o his_o friend_n hereupon_o by_o the_o bishop_n and_o palatin_n interest_n he_o be_v put_v by_o and_o 1203._o uladislaus_n lasconogus_n that_o be_v thin-foot_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1203._o but_o this_o good_a prince_n consider_v lescus_n his_o right_n after_o crown_n three_o year_n reign_v voluntary_o surrender_v to_o he_o when_o 1206._o lescus_n be_v receive_v the_o three_o time_n in_o the_o year_n 1206_o and_o reign_v to_o the_o year_n 1226._o under_o his_o reign_n the_o pole_n hear_v first_o of_o the_o tartar_n a_o barbarous_a nation_n that_o come_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n and_o mount_n imaus_n in_o asia_n who_o make_v eruption_n into_o taurica_n chersonesus_n and_o the_o frontier_n of_o podolia_n and_o russia_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o be_v most_o inveterate_a enemy_n to_o poland_n lescus_n have_v a_o brother_n call_v conrade_n to_o who_o he_o give_v the_o province_n of_o masovia_n and_o cujavia_n and_o make_v one_o suentopelus_n governor_n of_o pomerania_n whereof_o one_o be_v author_n of_o lescus_n death_n and_o the_o other_o of_o most_o blood_n war_n in_o poland_n for_o this_o suentopelus_n think_v to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a in_o pomerania_n employ_v people_n to_o 92._o murder_n lescus_n which_o they_o not_o long_o after_o effect_v according_o bath_n when_o this_o good_a prince_n be_v in_o a_o bath_n whereupon_o after_o
son_n and_o the_o other_o name_v hedwigis_fw-la he_o leave_v to_o succeed_v he_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n etc._n this_o prince_n be_v very_o curious_a to_o know_v what_o opinion_n people_n have_v of_o he_o and_o be_v also_o exact_a in_o reform_v the_o fault_n they_o lay_v to_o his_o example_n charge_n for_o this_o purpose_n he_o be_v wont_a to_o disguise_v himself_o and_o inquire_v among_o the_o people_n how_o they_o like_v their_o king_n and_o what_o they_o think_v amiss_o in_o he_o and_o according_a to_o their_o answer_n he_o redress_v the_o grievance_n suggest_v to_o he_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v hitherto_o give_v you_o a_o succinct_a account_n of_o the_o family_n of_o piastus_n next_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o lordship_n likewise_o with_o that_o of_o jagello_n be_v still_o a_o continuation_n of_o piastus_n his_o family_n in_o the_o line_n of_o a_o daughter_n of_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n when_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n die_v his_o daughter_n hedwigis_fw-la be_v with_o her_o mother_n the_o queen_n dowager_n in_o hungary_n the_o pole_n though_o there_o be_v several_a prince_n of_o the_o race_n of_o piastus_n leave_v in_o poland_n and_o silesia_n yet_o either_o because_o they_o do_v not_o think_v they_o deserve_v or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o believe_v they_o engage_v in_o their_o enemy_n interest_n send_v a_o solemn_a embassy_n for_o the_o young_a princess_n 1382._o hedwigis_fw-la who_o soon_o come_v into_o poland_n with_o cardinal_n demetrius_n the_o bishop_n of_o strigonia_n and_o several_a other_o of_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o hungary_n at_o her_o arrival_n the_o pole_n receive_v she_o with_o great_a joy_n splendour_n and_o magnificence_n and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n bozenta_n crown_v she_o after_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n at_o cracow_n on_o the_o feast_n of_o st._n hedwigis_fw-la always_o religious_o observe_v in_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o and_o she_o reign_v alone_o four_o year_n this_o young_a princess_n be_v not_o yet_o marry_v suitor_n have_v several_a noble_a suitor_n among_o which_o ziemovitus_n duke_n of_o masovia_n be_v the_o first_o who_o she_o refuse_v the_o next_o be_v william_n of_o austria_n who_o come_v in_o person_n to_o court_v she_o he_o she_o like_v but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n consent_n to_o a_o marriage_n with_o he_o have_v always_o have_v a_o maxim_n which_o they_o never_o hitherto_o break_v that_o they_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n admit_v any_o of_o that_o family_n to_o their_o crown_n and_o this_o fear_v so_o powerful_a a_o neighbour_n may_v one_o time_n or_o other_o find_v mean_n to_o make_v himself_o absolute_a in_o their_o country_n but_o at_o last_o jagello_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n have_v better_a fortune_n for_o he_o soon_o obtain_v she_o by_o the_o great_a christian_n and_o advantageous_a proffer_v he_o make_v the_o pole_n he_o first_o promise_v to_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n with_o all_o his_o country_n who_o be_v before_o fagan_o next_o to_o unite_v lithuania_n to_o poland_n during_o his_o time_n under_o the_o same_o form_n of_o government_n and_o last_o that_o in_o case_n his_o male_a race_n fail_v it_o shall_v for_o ever_o after_o be_v annex_v to_o that_o kingdom_n hereupon_o jagello_n be_v baptize_v and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o name_n of_o 1386._o uladislaus_n v._o and_o after_o have_v consummate_v the_o marriage_n with_o hedwigis_fw-la be_v consecrate_v by_o the_o archbishop_n bozenta_fw-mi in_o the_o year_n 1386._o and_o reign_v 48_o year_n not_o long_o after_o his_o coronation_n he_o go_v with_o priest_n into_o lithuania_n lithuanian_n and_o in_o a_o twelve_o month_n time_n convert_v all_o that_o nation_n but_o this_o not_o so_o much_o by_o their_o preach_a and_o vigilance_n as_o by_o his_o own_o exemplary_a zeal_n and_o persuasion_n 87._o after_o cracow_n this_o he_o erect_v the_o university_n of_o cracow_n which_o casimir_n the_o great_a have_v only_o begin_v and_o send_v to_o prague_n in_o bohemia_n for_o learned_a man_n to_o instruct_v the_o youth_n in_o all_o manner_n of_o science_n which_o have_v never_o before_o be_v teach_v in_o this_o country_n about_o this_o time_n queen_n hedwigis_fw-la dies_fw-la die_v after_o have_v endow_v the_o university_n to_o encourage_v learning_n order_n this_o prince_n have_v long_a war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n which_o then_o very_o much_o insult_v over_o the_o frontier_n of_o his_o kingdom_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n be_v not_o a_o little_a incline_v to_o be_v revenge_v on_o this_o proud_a and_o powerful_a people_n now_o poland_n not_o be_v alone_o sufficient_a to_o withstand_v they_o jagello_n make_v up_o a_o considerable_a army_n of_o pole_n lithuanian_n russian_n and_o tartar_n with_o all_o which_o he_o march_v direct_o towards_o they_o who_o be_v get_v ready_a to_o receive_v he_o with_o a_o body_n of_o about_o 140000_o man_n yet_o notwithstanding_o after_o a_o long_a and_o doubtful_a fight_n the_o pole_n happen_v to_o have_v the_o better_a and_o entire_o rout_v the_o teutonic_n army_n kill_v their_o great_a master_n conrade_n of_o thuningen_n with_o about_o 30000_o soldier_n and_o near_o 15000_o take_v prisoner_n this_o victory_n the_o pole_n pursue_v so_o far_o that_o they_o take_v most_o of_o the_o town_n in_o prussia_n and_o doubtless_o have_v entire_o destroy_v that_o order_n have_v not_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n '_o come_v to_o their_o relief_n who_o soon_o force_v the_o pole_n to_o make_v peace_n with_o they_o and_o to_o restore_v all_o they_o have_v take_v from_o '_o they_o afterward_o jagello_n have_v several_a other_o conflict_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o all_o which_o he_o conquer_v death_n he_o die_v of_o a_o fever_n in_o russia_n after_o have_v reign_v forty_o eight_o year_n and_o some_o month_n and_o lie_v bury_v in_o the_o cathedral_n at_o cracow_n this_o king_n have_v have_v four_o wife_n all_o which_o he_o issue_n cause_v to_o be_v crown_v and_o two_o son_n vladislaus_n vi_o and_o casimir_n iu._n though_o his_o son_n 1435._o uladislaus_n the_o six_o be_v but_o nine_o year_n old_a when_o his_o father_n die_v yet_o after_o long_a debate_n and_o great_a opposition_n in_o the_o diet_n he_o be_v elect_v at_o briescia_n in_o the_o year_n 1435_o and_o reign_v ten_o year_n 167._o he_o be_v so_o young_a when_o he_o be_v choose_v that_o his_o coronation_n oath_n be_v fain_o to_o be_v dispense_v with_o his_o mother_n sophia_n and_o some_o of_o the_o peer_n have_v promise_v he_o shall_v take_v it_o when_o he_o come_v of_o age._n regent_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o senate_n be_v regent_n during_o his_o minority_n some_o while_n after_o the_o tartar_n make_v great_a incursion_n into_o podolia_n which_o then_o belong_v to_o poland_n when_o have_v kill_v the_o polish_v general_n bucarius_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n they_o retire_v with_o great_a booty_n into_o their_o own_o country_n after_o this_o by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o emperor_n albert_n hungary_n have_v no_o king_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o the_o turk_n who_o threaten_v it_o on_o all_o side_n send_v ambassador_n to_o vladislaus_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o come_v and_o be_v their_o king_n which_o after_o some_o deliberation_n he_o accept_v of_o and_o go_v into_o that_o kingdom_n notwithstanding_o the_o cabal_n and_o party_n of_o the_o empress_n elizabeth_n who_o be_v leave_v four_o month_n go_v with_o child_n he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o hungary_n at_o buda_n the_o child_n hungary_n the_o empress_n go_v with_o be_v afterward_o bear_v and_o call_v ladislaus_n but_o she_o die_v not_o long_o after_o leave_v king_n vladislaus_n in_o peace_n at_o least_o at_o home_n till_o the_o turk_n oblige_v he_o to_o take_v arm_n for_o his_o defence_n abroad_o for_o amurath_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n be_v not_o only_o then_o on_o his_o march_n to_o besiege_v belgrade_n in_o person_n but_o also_o command_v the_o hungarian_n to_o pay_v he_o tribute_n hereupon_o vladislaus_n be_v force_v to_o declare_v turk_n war_n against_o he_o and_o under_o the_o command_n of_o huniades_n send_v a_o army_n make_v up_o of_o pole_n and_o hungarian_n to_o oppose_v he_o which_o come_v upon_o he_o by_o night_n surprise_v the_o turkish_a army_n near_o the_o river_n morava_n in_o hungary_n and_o make_v such_o a_o slaughter_n of_o they_o that_o it_o be_v think_v the_o turk_n lose_v above_o 30000_o man_n that_o day_n after_o this_o happy_a victory_n vladislaus_n banish_v all_o those_o infidel_n out_o of_o hungary_n and_o pursue_v they_o to_o the_o very_a frontier_n of_o macedon_n in_o greece_n where_o he_o gain_v a_o second_o battle_n over_o carambeius_n general_n of_o the_o troop_n of_o asia_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o drive_v his_o army_n into_o mountain_n and_o inaccessible_a place_n the_o king_n be_v wound_v in_o this_o action_n etc._n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n palcologus_n emperor_n of_o
about_o 100000_o captive_n of_o which_o the_o great_a part_n be_v russian_n the_o moldavian_n and_o valachian_n quick_o return_v home_o but_o the_o turk_n out_o of_o covetousness_n of_o plunder_n stay_v till_o the_o great_a frost_n and_o snow_n surprise_v they_o when_o not_o be_v use_v to_o such_o excessive_a cold_a as_o this_o country_n be_v subject_a to_o above_o 40000_o of_o they_o be_v freeze_v to_o death_n 201._o some_o among_o they_o that_o escape_v be_v force_v to_o cut_v open_a their_o horse_n belly_n and_o thrust_v themselves_o into_o they_o to_o preserve_v their_o natural_a heat_n after_o this_o turk_n john_n albert_n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o bajazet_n emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n next_o he_o go_v in_o person_n into_o prussia_n to_o oblige_v frederic_n duke_n of_o saxony_n then_o great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n to_o take_v oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o he_o which_o he_o have_v for_o some_o time_n refuse_v but_o die_v sudden_o at_o thorn_n before_o he_o can_v effect_v death_n his_o design_n albert_n leave_v no_o child_n the_o diet_n think_v fit_a to_o elect_v his_o brother_n 1501._o alexander_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n the_o better_a to_o renew_v their_o alliance_n with_o that_o country_n this_o prince_n be_v proclaim_v king_n come_v to_o cracow_n where_o by_o his_o brother_n frederic_n cardinal_n and_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o be_v crown_v in_o the_o year_n 1501_o and_o reign_v only_o five_o year_n but_o the_o archbishop_n 90._o refuse_v to_o do_v the_o like_a office_n for_o his_o queen_n helena_n because_o she_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n be_v daughter_n to_o john_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n which_o country_n be_v all_o of_o that_o persuasion_n soon_o after_o that_o he_o be_v crown_v his_o father-in-law_n war_n the_o great_a duke_n make_v war_n upon_o he_o and_o besiege_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n capital_a of_o a_o large_a province_n of_o the_o same_o name_n but_o alexander_n come_v in_o time_n to_o relieve_v it_o oblige_v the_o muscovite_n to_o make_v peace_n for_o six_o year_n in_o his_o time_n also_o the_o moldavian_n and_o tartar_n make_v eruption_n into_o poland_n but_o be_v beat_v back_o with_o great_a loss_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v say_v there_o be_v kill_v only_o of_o the_o tartar_n in_o that_o action_n near_o 20000._o the_o king_n be_v not_o in_o person_n at_o this_o victory_n he_o then_o lie_v sick_a at_o vilna_n capital_a death_n of_o lithuania_n where_o he_o die_v soon_o after_o and_o be_v bury_v in_o that_o city_n character_n 356._o he_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a stature_n have_v a_o long_a visage_n and_o black_a hair_n be_v very_o strong_a build_v but_o exceed_v dull-witted_a and_o consequent_o but_o a_o little_a talker_n he_o exceed_v all_o his_o brother_n in_o generosity_n and_o be_v wont_n to_o delight_n much_o in_o musician_n and_o such_o trifle_a artist_n nevertheless_o this_o his_o liberality_n be_v general_o esteem_v but_o prodigality_n insomuch_o that_o some_o be_v so_o hold_v as_o to_o say_v that_o he_o die_v in_o time_n or_o else_o both_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n may_v have_v be_v lavish_v away_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a pernicious_a generosity_n for_o the_o future_a 90._o the_o diet_n make_v a_o law_n call_v it_o statutum_n alexandrinum_n by_o which_o they_o revoke_v all_o this_o king_n be_v profuse_a gift_n alexander_n leave_v no_o child_n and_o but_o two_o brother_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n die_v before_o he_o 1507._o sigismond_n be_v prefer_v to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n either_o because_o the_o gentry_n be_v more_o affect_v to_o he_o be_v breed_v among_o they_o or_o by_o reason_n they_o be_v afraid_a of_o vladislaus_n great_a power_n he_o be_v elect_v at_o petricovia_n in_o the_o year_n 1507_o and_o reign_v forty_o one_o year_n when_o sigismond_n leave_v his_o government_n of_o lithuania_n to_o come_v into_o poland_n he_o substitute_v one_o glinski_n a_o great_a â—â—avourite_n of_o the_o late_a king_n be_v in_o his_o room_n etc._n this_o palatin_n have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o lithuanian_n become_v so_o ambitious_a as_o to_o think_v of_o make_v himself_o absolute_a which_o conceal_v for_o a_o good_a while_n at_o length_n he_o agree_v with_o basilius_n great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n to_o allow_v he_o his_o share_n of_o that_o province_n in_o case_n he_o will_v afford_v he_o his_o assistance_n which_o proposal_n the_o great_a duke_n be_v please_v with_o ready_o consent_v to_o and_o with_o all_o expedition_n dispatch_v away_o a_o army_n to_o glinski_n but_o as_o such_o great_a design_n be_v not_o army_n to_o be_v carry_v on_o without_o great_a noise_n and_o suspicion_n sigismond_n come_v soon_o to_o hear_v of_o this_o treacherous_a enterprise_n whereupon_o draw_v up_o all_o his_o force_n to_o oppose_v the_o intend_a invasion_n he_o meet_v and_o defeat_v their_o army_n ravages_n and_o destroy_v their_o country_n and_o at_o last_o oblige_v they_o to_o sue_v for_o peace_n which_o he_o not_o without_o some_o difficulty_n grant_v war_n afterward_o the_o valachian_n and_o tartar_n make_v incursion_n into_o russia_n and_o poland_n he_o force_v they_o to_o return_v home_o with_o great_a loss_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o make_v war_n upon_o he_o a_o second_o time_n and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n with_o all_o the_o country_n about_o it_o he_o beat_v their_o army_n in_o several_a engagement_n and_o have_v kill_v in_o all_o above_o 30000_o of_o their_o man_n retake_v smolensko_n and_o make_v they_o accept_v of_o a_o peace_n the_o second_o time_n for_o five_o year_n he_o soon_o after_o marriage_n marry_a buona_n sforza_n daughter_n to_o john_n galeatio_n duke_n of_o milan_n afterward_o he_o make_v order_n war_n with_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n the_o reason_n of_o which_o be_v because_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o sister_n son_n and_o then_o great_a master_n refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n as_o it_o be_v agree_v in_o the_o late_a war_n hereupon_o sigismond_n take_v from_o he_o some_o town_n and_o have_v great_a advantage_n over_o he_o in_o several_a engagement_n but_o however_o albert_n have_v considerable_a succour_n send_v he_o from_o germany_n prolong_v the_o war_n for_o a_o good_a while_n in_o prussia_n about_o this_o time_n martin_n luther_n doctrine_n come_v to_o be_v know_v in_o these_o part_n and_o most_o of_o the_o citizen_n of_o 226._o dantzic_n embrace_v it_o for_o which_o at_o first_o the_o king_n be_v very_o severe_a with_o they_o but_o at_o length_n fear_v that_o to_o preserve_v their_o religion_n they_o may_v side_n with_o the_o teutonic_n order_n against_o he_o he_o grant_v they_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n all_o this_o while_n that_o order_n make_v vigorous_a resistance_n and_o with_o equal_a loss_n on_o both_o side_n fatigue_v the_o polish_v army_n till_o at_o last_o it_o be_v agree_v by_o both_o party_n to_o make_v the_o emperor_n charles_n v._o and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n arbitrator_n who_o determine_v that_o sigismond_n shall_v relinquish_v to_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n all_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o prussia_n which_o be_v above_o half_a of_o that_o great_a province_n and_o that_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n shall_v mediation_n for_o ever_o enjoy_v it_o as_o they_o have_v actual_o do_v ever_o since_o without_o any_o disturbance_n from_o sigismond_n but_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n as_o duke_n of_o prussia_n for_o himself_o and_o his_o heir_n be_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o to_o send_v to_o their_o service_n every_o year_n in_o time_n of_o war_n a_o hundred_o horse_n ready_a equipt_n which_o those_o king_n be_v to_o maintain_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n from_o the_o time_n they_o go_v out_o of_o prussia_n at_o this_o time_n the_o house_n of_o austria_n be_v not_o a_o little_a jealous_a of_o the_o exorbitant_a power_n and_o vast_a dominion_n of_o the_o family_n of_o jagello_n for_o not_o only_a sigismond_n possess_v poland_n the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o lithuania_n smolensko_n and_o severia_n and_o likewise_o all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o euxine_a and_o baltic_a sea_n but_o also_o his_o nephew_n lewis_n son_n of_o vladislaus_n be_v king_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n insomuch_o that_o they_o secret_o raise_v several_a enemy_n against_o they_o whereupon_o the_o muscovite_n moldavian_n and_o tartar_n come_v a_o three_o time_n to_o molest_v poland_n but_o be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v after_o have_v do_v some_o mischief_n about_o this_o time_n solyman_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o the_o turk_n make_v war_n with_o hungary_n and_o gain_v the_o famous_a battle_n of_o mobac_n where_o king_n lewis_n and_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n be_v slay_v and_o the_o better_a part_n of_o hungary_n subject_v to_o the_o turk_n this_o king_n lewis_n leave_v only_o one_o daughter_n silesia_n which_o be_v
have_v elect_v he_o with_o such_o universal_a affection_n yet_o nothing_o can_v prevail_v upon_o he_o but_o he_o however_o promise_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v settle_v his_o affair_n in_o france_n he_o will_v return_v among_o they_o and_o moreover_o acknowledge_v that_o he_o be_v extreme_o oblige_v to_o the_o polish_v nation_n for_o their_o kindness_n and_o goodwill_n towards_o he_o hereupon_o the_o senate_n afterward_o fruitless_a send_v two_o ambassador_n into_o france_n to_o entreat_v he_o to_o return_v which_o the_o king_n have_v several_a time_n a_o mind_n to_o comply_v with_o for_o he_o love_v that_o nation_n extreme_o well_o but_o his_o french_a subject_n still_o prevail_v upon_o he_o to_o change_v his_o mind_n represent_v to_o he_o the_o many_o danger_n he_o will_v expose_v france_n to_o by_o such_o a_o journey_n thus_o the_o pole_n have_v lose_v all_o hope_n of_o have_v their_o king_n again_o the_o primate_n vchanski_n call_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n the_o four_o of_o november_n follow_v to_o proceed_v to_o a_o new_a election_n where_o two_o prince_n be_v principal_o propose_v which_o election_n be_v the_o emperor_n maximilian_n and_o stephen_n batori_fw-mi prince_n of_o transylvania_n but_o they_o can_v never_o unanimous_o agree_v which_o of_o the_o two_o to_o choose_v and_o therefore_o the_o diet_n be_v dissolve_v maximilian_n party_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o he_o be_v choose_v and_o that_o they_o expect_v he_o shall_v speedy_o come_v and_o be_v crown_v while_o batori_n faction_n do_v the_o like_a for_o he_o and_o invite_v he_o to_o come_v forthwith_o into_o poland_n hereupon_o 1577._o batori_n make_v more_o haste_n than_o the_o emperor_n to_o comply_v with_o their_o request_n for_o he_o immediate_o leave_v transylvania_n and_o pass_v through_o valachia_n and_o russia_n quick_o arrive_v at_o cracow_n where_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1577_o he_o be_v receive_v and_o crown_v by_o karnkovius_n bishop_n of_o vladislaw_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v for_o maximilian_n who_o yet_o afterward_o rather_o than_o he_o will_v undergo_v a_o siege_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o lowitz_n quiet_o submit_v to_o batori_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o emperor_n be_v more_o slow_a resolve_v to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n to_o dispute_v his_o right_n but_o his_o party_n grow_v less_o and_o less_o every_o day_n at_o length_n the_o senate_n send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o his_o slowness_n and_o indifference_n have_v supersede_v his_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n it_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v give_v to_o he_o that_o arrive_v first_o hereupon_o the_o emperor_n who_o be_v then_o at_o the_o diet_n at_o ratisbon_n order_v the_o ambassador_n to_o be_v put_v in_o prison_n and_o forthwith_o determine_v to_o go_v for_o poland_n himself_o but_o be_v prevent_v by_o a_o dangerous_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o after_o die_v octob._n 12._o batori_fw-mi it_o be_v true_a be_v chief_o indebt_v to_o his_o merit_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o family_n of_o zborowski_n be_v not_o a_o little_a assist_v to_o he_o occasion_v by_o his_o civil_a reception_n of_o one_o samuel_n of_o that_o family_n who_o have_v be_v banish_v his_o country_n for_o strike_v john_n teczynski_n castellan_n of_o wounitz_n in_o the_o king_n court._n whereupon_o samuel_n employ_v all_o his_o interest_n for_o batori_n for_o at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n he_o write_v to_o several_a of_o his_o relation_n and_o friend_n to_o vote_n for_o that_o prince_n but_o it_o be_v the_o temper_n of_o the_o polander_n never_o to_o think_v themselves_o sufficient_o recompense_v after_o they_o have_v do_v a_o service_n batori_n though_o he_o seek_v all_o he_o can_v to_o oblige_v that_o family_n yet_o can_v not_o keep_v they_o from_o prove_v his_o most_o inveterate_a enemy_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o will_v not_o submit_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o their_o humour_n which_o not_o long_o after_o cost_v 340._o samuel_n his_o life_n by_o a_o formal_a proceed_v in_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n rise_n batori_fw-mi be_v first_o as_o i_o find_v he_o a_o private_a gentleman_n in_o transylvania_n but_o at_o length_n by_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n come_v to_o have_v great_a authority_n among_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n for_o he_o be_v once_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o he_o manage_v affair_n to_o the_o satisfaction_n and_o advantage_n of_o both_o party_n so_o that_o after_o prince_n john_n sigismond_n son_n to_o the_o sister_n of_o sigismond_n ii_o of_o poland_n die_v they_o elect_v he_o prince_n of_o transylvania_n after_o he_o be_v crown_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o karnkouski_n who_o he_o make_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n he_o endeavour_v to_o appease_v the_o disorder_n among_o the_o great_a people_n and_o to_o win_v the_o affection_n of_o the_o malcontent_n which_o at_o last_o he_o effect_v by_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n marriage_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o and_o sister_n to_o sigismond_n ii_o by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n reduce_v etc._n about_o this_o time_n the_o emperor_n foment_v a_o sedition_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n which_o induce_v they_o to_o refuse_v to_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o batori_n and_o moreover_o to_o raise_v a_o army_n and_o stand_v upon_o their_o defence_n but_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n have_v declare_v they_o rebel_n their_o army_n be_v soon_o defeat_v and_o town_n besiege_v and_o at_o last_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o comply_v by_o mediation_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n and_o landgrave_n of_o hesse_n the_o chief_a cause_n of_o this_o war_n be_v that_o the_o citizen_n of_o dantzic_n pretend_v not_o to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o treaty_n they_o be_v force_v to_o submit_v themselves_o to_o both_o justice_n 306._o hitherto_o there_o be_v no_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o poland_n all_o difference_n be_v decide_v by_o the_o king_n and_o council_n but_o the_o gentry_n find_v this_o way_n of_o procedure_v too_o tedious_a to_o the_o nation_n and_o too_o burdensome_a to_o the_o king_n obtain_v leave_v of_o batori_n to_o erect_v two_o court_n of_o judicature_n which_o they_o common_o call_v tribunal_n one_o at_o petricovia_n and_o the_o other_o at_o lublin_n where_o all_o civil_a cause_n be_v to_o be_v determine_v absolute_o without_o any_o appeal_n to_o court_n unless_o upon_o any_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o state_n in_o which_o case_n the_o last_o decision_n be_v to_o be_v reserve_v to_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n together_o etc._n this_o king_n be_v more_o severe_a in_o his_o punishment_n than_o the_o polish_v law_n allow_v yet_o he_o molest_v none_o on_o account_n of_o religion_n always_o affirm_v that_o three_o thing_n god_n have_v whole_o reserve_v to_o himself_o which_o be_v to_o make_v something_o out_o of_o nothing_o to_o foretell_v thing_n to_o come_v and_o to_o govern_v and_o direct_v conscience_n this_o prince_n like_a sigismond_n i._o very_o much_o encourage_v speak_v latin_n in_o his_o dominion_n be_v report_v to_o have_v say_v often_o to_o the_o gentleman_n son_n discite_fw-la isatinè_n nam_fw-la unum_fw-la ex_fw-la vobis_fw-la aliquando_fw-la faciam_fw-la mosci_fw-la pan_n a_o great_a lord_n whereby_o the_o youth_n be_v all_o in_o hope_n practise_v that_o language_n with_o great_a diligence_n which_o very_o much_o contribute_v towards_o the_o increase_n of_o art_n and_o science_n in_o this_o kingdom_n when_o sigismond_n i._o send_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n his_o ambassador_n to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n be_v surprise_v to_o hear_v even_o the_o polish_v coachman_n speak_v latin_a fluent_o also_o after_o sigismond_n the_o second_v death_n when_o ambassador_n be_v send_v to_o bring_v henry_n of_o valois_n into_o poland_n the_o french_a wonder_v that_o not_o one_o of_o all_o their_o train_n but_o speak_v this_o language_n with_o great_a address_n this_o king_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o his_o reign_n be_v like_a to_o have_v be_v overrun_v by_o the_o muscovite_n for_o they_o have_v so_o great_a advantage_n over_o the_o pole_n that_o they_o take_v several_a town_n from_o they_o in_o a_o dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o lithuania_n in_o these_o war_n the_o muscovite_n be_v war_n not_o a_o little_a politic_a for_o they_o take_v occasion_n to_o invade_v the_o pole_n either_o when_o they_o have_v war_n abroad_o or_o disturbance_n at_o home_n but_o at_o last_o king_n batori_n have_v appease_v his_o own_o intestine_a jar_n and_o make_v peace_n with_o his_o neighbour_n by_o the_o concurrence_n of_o a_o general_a diet_n declare_v war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n and_o pour_v in_o upon_o they_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o success_n that_o in_o three_o year_n time_n he_o retook_a all_o his_o own_o town_n and_o beside_o carry_v the_o
war_n into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o their_o country_n plunder_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o he_o come_v in_o this_o expedition_n he_o get_v from_o they_o above_o twenty_o great_a city_n and_o province_n such_o as_o polotia_n sokola_n sussa_n krasna_n vsviata_n sitna_n jeseriscia_n kossiano_n nescerda_n all_o the_o duchy_n of_o plotia_n lukis_n nevela_n zavolotia_n ostrovia_n etc._n etc._n all_o this_o put_v the_o poor_a muscovite_n into_o such_o a_o fright_n that_o they_o immediate_o dispatch_v a_o 59_o ambassador_n to_o the_o pope_n to_o give_v he_o hope_n that_o if_o he_o can_v prevail_v upon_o the_o pole_n to_o withdraw_v their_o army_n out_o of_o their_o country_n and_o make_v a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o they_o will_v all_o submit_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n this_o your_o grace_n may_v imagine_v soon_o put_v the_o holy_a father_n upon_o a_o pious_a stratagem_n for_o he_o send_v his_o nuncio_n possevinus_n to_o assure_v the_o czar_n that_o he_o will_v employ_v all_o his_o interest_n in_o his_o behalf_n whereupon_o the_o pole_n have_v besiege_v pleskow_n the_o strong_a town_n in_o muscovy_n with_o ill_a success_n and_o moreover_o have_v lose_v above_o forty_o thousand_o man_n during_o the_o war_n at_o length_n through_o the_o prudent_a management_n of_o possevinus_n 1582._o they_o agree_v to_o a_o suspension_n of_o arm_n for_o ten_o year_n and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n shall_v restore_v to_o muscovy_n all_o the_o province_n and_o town_n he_o have_v take_v in_o this_o war_n and_o that_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o czar_n shall_v give_v up_o to_o the_o king_n all_o livonia_n yet_o the_o czar_n make_v no_o alteration_n in_o his_o greek_a religion_n as_o he_o have_v make_v the_o pope_n believe_v he_o design_v to_o do_v thus_o end_v the_o war_n with_o muscovy_n which_o be_v like_a to_o have_v prove_v so_o fatal_a to_o that_o country_n etc._n the_o tartar_n dare_v not_o make_v any_o incursion_n into_o poland_n during_o his_o reign_n and_o their_o cham_n have_v send_v ambassador_n thither_o to_o demand_v the_o tribute_n former_o pay_v they_o for_o transylvania_n he_o dismiss_v their_o embassy_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o indignation_n declare_v he_o will_v pay_v tribute_n to_o no_o man._n the_o turk_n likewise_o show_v great_a deference_n for_o this_o prince_n for_o he_o never_o make_v any_o hostility_n in_o transylvania_n while_o batori_n govern_v there_o but_o his_o nephew_n be_v elect_v prince_n of_o that_o country_n the_o port_n will_v have_v augment_v their_o tribute_n but_o batori_n espouse_v his_o cause_n by_o a_o embassy_n to_o the_o grand_a signior_n the_o port_n choose_v rather_o to_o be_v content_v with_o little_a than_o to_o hazard_v the_o lose_n of_o all_o by_o disoblige_v so_o powerful_a a_o prince_n all_o that_o huge_a tract_n of_o land_n above_o three_o hundred_o mile_n long_o from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o above_o a_o hundred_o broad_a from_o south_n to_o north_n be_v for_o fifty_o year_n before_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n it_o be_v call_v by_o one_o general_a name_n vkraina_n call_v which_o in_o the_o selavonian_a language_n signify_v a_o ibid._n frontier_n serve_v for_o bound_n betwixt_o they_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n this_o vast_a and_o fertile_a country_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o great_a province_n volhynia_n and_o podolia_n of_o volhynia_n the_o capital_a town_n be_v kiovia_n build_v on_o the_o borysthenes_n which_o be_v former_o as_o they_o say_v one_o of_o the_o large_a in_o europe_n it_o ancient_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n but_o now_o be_v entire_o ruin_v between_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n the_o capital_a town_n of_o podolia_n be_v caminiec_fw-la a_o fortify_v city_n build_v on_o a_o rock_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o vkraina_n cosack_n be_v common_o call_v 326._o cosack_n which_o in_o the_o sclavonian_a language_n signify_v robber_n at_o first_o they_o be_v peasant_n that_o come_v from_o russia_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n settle_v in_o the_o island_n of_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n and_o who_o afterward_o spread_v all_o over_o vkraina_n and_o live_v on_o robbery_n for_o they_o use_v to_o make_v inroad_n into_o tartary_n and_o turkey_n plunder_v trebisond_n and_o sinope_n and_o ravage_v even_o up_o to_o the_o gate_n of_o constantinople_n they_o also_o use_v to_o pirate_n on_o the_o black_a sea_n and_o have_v be_v very_o useful_a to_o the_o pole_n when_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o war_n against_o the_o infidel_n i_o can_v compare_v they_o to_o no_o people_n better_o than_o to_o the_o miquelet_n of_o spain_n or_o highlander_n of_o scotland_n 3._o king_n stephen_n to_o make_v this_o people_n more_o serviceable_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n put_v they_o discipline_n under_o a_o good_a discipline_n order_v they_o officer_n and_o a_o general_n and_o moreover_o give_v they_o the_o town_n of_o techtimoravia_n upon_o the_o river_n boristhenes_n which_o they_o make_v a_o magazine_n as_o also_o the_o place_n of_o residence_n for_o their_o governor_n to_o be_v a_o bulwark_n against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o frequent_o infest_a they_o he_o endow_v they_o likewise_o with_o many_o privilege_n for_o all_o which_o they_o afterward_o do_v he_o considerable_a service_n it_o will_v not_o here_o be_v amiss_o to_o give_v your_o grace_n some_o far_a account_n of_o this_o people_n who_o be_v often_o much_o talk_v of_o and_o yet_o at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o very_o little_o know_v 7._o name_n alberto_n vimina_fw-la in_o his_o civil_a war_n of_o poland_n say_v it_o be_v certain_a that_o they_o have_v their_o name_n from_o the_o sclavonian_a word_n coza_n which_o signify_v a_o goat_n and_o this_o either_o because_o they_o be_v wont_a to_o be_v clothe_v with_o garment_n of_o goat_n hair_n or_o that_o they_o live_v like_o goat-herd_n in_o hut_n or_o else_o by_o reason_n that_o they_o skip_v about_o like_o goat_n and_o find_v no_o country_n of_o too_o difficult_a access_n for_o they_o dominion_n the_o country_n they_o first_o possess_v be_v not_o above_o eighteen_o league_n on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o borysthenes_n not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o ovid_n be_v send_v into_o banishment_n and_o where_o they_o affirm_v be_v a_o castle_n still_o that_o go_v by_o the_o name_n of_o ovidova_n where_o ovid_n may_v be_v suppose_v to_o have_v be_v bury_v this_o vimina_fw-la say_v he_o do_v not_o at_o all_o discredit_n the_o country_n agree_v with_o a_o passage_n of_o ovid_n in_o his_o elegy_n write_v to_o rufinus_n non_fw-fr ager_n hic_fw-la pomum_fw-la non_fw-la dulces_fw-la educat_fw-la uvas_fw-la non_fw-la salices_fw-la ripa_n robora_fw-la monte_fw-fr virent_fw-la neve_n fretum_fw-la laudes_fw-la terra_fw-la magis_fw-la aequora_fw-la semper_fw-la ventorum_fw-la rabie_fw-la solibus_fw-la orba_fw-la tument_fw-la and_o the_o fierceness_n of_o the_o people_n describe_v by_o ovid_n in_o another_o place_n increase_v his_o opinion_n maxima_fw-la pars_fw-la hominum_fw-la nec_fw-la te_fw-la pulchorrima_fw-la curate_n roma_fw-la nec_fw-la ausonii_fw-la militis_fw-la arma_fw-la timet_fw-la notwithstanding_o all_o this_o we_o must_v not_o pretend_v to_o derive_v this_o modern_a people_n from_o antiquity_n for_o it_o be_v certain_a they_o be_v at_o first_o a_o body_n of_o vagabond_n that_o flee_v from_o justice_n into_o this_o country_n where_o they_o live_v only_o upon_o fish_v and_o hunt_v and_o at_o last_o as_o now_o upon_o piracy_n and_o robbery_n extent_n etc._n the_o present_a extent_n of_o their_o country_n be_v much_o large_a than_o former_o for_o now_o it_o reach_v 100_o league_n in_o length_n and_o above_o 40_o in_o breadth_n they_o report_v the_o grass_n here_o general_o grow_v so_o high_a that_o a_o man_n on_o horseback_n be_v easy_o hide_v under_o it_o this_o country_n abound_v so_o with_o all_o sort_n of_o grain_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n know_v not_o what_o to_o do_v with_o it_o their_o river_n be_v shallow_a and_o therefore_o not_o capable_a to_o transport_v it_o to_o other_o place_n they_o have_v also_o all_o sort_n of_o beast_n fish_n and_o fowl_n with_o most_o other_o necessary_n except_o wine_n and_o salt_n whereof_o the_o first_o come_v from_o hungary_n transilvania_n valachia_n and_o moldavia_n and_o the_o second_o be_v fetch_v from_o the_o mine_n of_o poland_n building_n 3._o the_o house_n of_o this_o country_n be_v general_o of_o wood_n build_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o muscovy_n and_o poland_n and_o rare_o above_o one_o story_n high_a the_o wall_n of_o their_o town_n be_v most_o common_o make_v of_o earth_n keep_v up_o with_o stake_n and_o plank_n such_o be_v most_o proper_a to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o cannon_n character_n 32._o the_o inhabitant_n of_o vkraina_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n robu_v and_o strong_a generous_a and_o great_a despiser_n of_o covetousness_n inconceivable_a lover_n of_o liberty_n and_o impatient_a under_o the_o mild_a slavery_n they_o be_v likewise_o indefatigable_a bold_a and_o brave_a but_o withal_o excessive_a
livonia_n to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n gustavus_n adolphus_n but_o it_o be_v suspect_v that_o he_o intend_v to_o betray_v that_o king_n for_o soon_o after_o the_o say_v farenbach_n be_v reconcile_v to_o king_n sigismond_n to_o who_o he_o restore_v all_o the_o place_n except_o pernau_n turk_n in_o the_o year_n 1620_o the_o pole_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o the_o turk_n foment_v as_o be_v suppose_v by_o bethlem_n gabor_n prince_n of_o transilvania_n for_o which_o the_o turk_n afterward_o endeavour_v to_o banish_v that_o prince_n for_o side_v with_o the_o pole_n in_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o turk_n march_v with_o their_o whole_a force_n against_o poland_n but_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o pole_n near_o chocim_fw-la under_o the_o command_n of_o prince_n vladistaus_n who_o with_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 65000_o man_n repulse_v above_o 392000_o turk_n command_v by_o their_o emperor_n osman_n in_o person_n the_o turk_n attempt_v three_o time_n to_o force_v the_o polish_v camp_n but_o be_v as_o often_o beat_v back_o with_o loss_n nevertheless_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o pole_n suffer_v extreme_o for_o want_n of_o ammunition_n and_o provision_n and_o beside_o be_v mighty_o weaken_v by_o sickness_n and_o a_o huge_a mortality_n among_o their_o horse_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o at_o length_n the_o turkish_a emperor_n be_v force_v to_o strike_v up_o a_o honourable_a peace_n with_o they_o after_o have_v lose_v about_o 60000_o man_n in_o the_o several_a attack_n he_o make_v upon_o their_o camp_n and_o a_o great_a number_n in_o his_o march_n back_o to_o constantinople_n adolphus_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n gustavus_n adolphus_n fall_v into_o livonia_n take_v the_o city_n of_o riga_n without_o any_o great_a resistance_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o that_o country_n except_o dunneburgh_n be_v conquer_v likewise_o by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1625._o afterward_o gustavus_n enter_v prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1626._o where_o he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o marienburg_n and_o elbing_n beside_o some_o other_o place_n this_o war_n be_v thus_o carry_v on_o without_o any_o general_a engagement_n till_o the_o year_n 1629_o when_o hans_n wrangel_n the_o swedish_n general_n defeat_v the_o pole_n near_o gorzno_n then_o the_o emperor_n send_v some_o force_n to_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o pole_n who_o in_o a_o battle_n fight_v near_o stuma_n be_v very_o near_o have_v make_v gustavus_n prisoner_n but_o however_o the_o polish_v affair_n after_o this_o battle_n fall_v into_o great_a confusion_n they_o be_v force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o truce_n till_o the_o year_n 1634_o by_o the_o mediation_n of_o charles_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n and_o of_o lewis_n the_o thirteen_o of_o france_n the_o swede_n in_o the_o mean_a while_n be_v to_o keep_v possession_n of_o elbing_n mcmel_n braunsberg_n pillau_n and_o what_o beside_o they_o have_v take_v in_o livonia_n death_n after_o this_o sigismond_n die_v the_o last_o day_n of_o april_n in_o the_o year_n 1632_o be_v sixty_o year_n old_a and_o have_v reign_v forty_o four_o character_n 89._o he_o have_v all_o the_o quality_n that_o can_v be_v require_v in_o a_o great_a prince_n he_o love_v justice_n and_o all_o the_o world_n commend_v his_o piety_n he_o be_v always_o of_o a_o even_a temper_n either_o in_o good_a or_o bad_a fortune_n and_o the_o lustre_n of_o the_o polish_v crown_n obtain_v when_o he_o be_v but_o young_a together_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n may_v well_o have_v either_o exalt_v or_o debase_v he_o have_v he_o not_o have_v a_o great_a soul_n yet_o among_o all_o these_o good_a quality_n he_o be_v too_o much_o wed_v to_o his_o opinion_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o some_o misfortune_n that_o happen_v to_o he_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v absent_a when_o his_o father_n sigismond_n fall_v sick_a yet_o he_o arrive_v at_o court_n just_a as_o he_o be_v expire_n who_o presence_n so_o much_o revive_v the_o king_n as_o to_o give_v he_o power_n to_o put_v the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n on_o his_o son_n head_n though_o he_o be_v to_o leave_v that_o of_o poland_n to_o chance_n this_o election_n be_v much_o election_n more_o peaceable_a than_o his_o father_n sigismund_n in_o that_o he_o have_v no_o competitor_n to_o oppose_v he_o some_o thought_n gustavus_n adolphus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v a_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n and_o his_o boundless_a ambition_n join_v with_o the_o great_a number_n of_o his_o friend_n the_o lutheran_n disperse_v throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n may_v very_o well_o support_v that_o opinion_n yet_o the_o gentry_n of_o great_a poland_n which_o be_v most_o to_o be_v suspect_v on_o account_n of_o conformity_n in_o religion_n with_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o strive_v to_o exclude_v he_o for_o they_o declare_v those_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n that_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o dare_v to_o propose_v he_o likewise_o at_o another_o assembly_n a_o palatin_n offer_v but_o to_o insinuate_v that_o it_o will_v be_v proper_a to_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n the_o gentry_n be_v so_o unanimous_o offend_v at_o he_o that_o he_o be_v fain_o to_o retire_v betimes_o to_o avoid_v their_o fury_n also_o gustavus_n adolphus_n have_v then_o too_o many_o iron_n in_o the_o fire_n to_o draw_v any_o more_o enemy_n upon_o his_o back_n competitor_n john_n casimir_n brother_n to_o prince_n vladislaus_n be_v likewise_o suspect_v to_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o this_o conjecture_n have_v a_o more_o plausible_a foundation_n than_o the_o former_a these_o two_o prince_n be_v both_o son_n to_o sigismond_n iii_o yet_o have_v they_o not_o the_o same_o mother_n that_o of_o casimir_n do_v all_o she_o can_v to_o advance_v her_o son_n to_o the_o throne_n at_o the_o diet_n meet_v at_o thorn_n she_o endeavour_v to_o have_v a_o successor_n elect_v whilst_o the_o king_n be_v live_v whereupon_o she_o employ_v a_o certain_a bishop_n to_o propose_v her_o son_n but_o with_o which_o the_o diet_n be_v so_o extreme_o incense_v that_o they_o will_v have_v immediate_o try_v that_o prelate_n for_o infringe_v the_o public_a liberty_n have_v not_o more_o weighty_a affair_n intervene_v which_o cause_v they_o to_o lay_v those_o intention_n aside_o during_o this_o prince_n casimir_n do_v all_o he_o can_v to_o satisfy_v the_o public_a that_o he_o have_v no_o design_n upon_o the_o crown_n but_o that_o all_o his_o aim_n be_v to_o promote_v the_o interest_n of_o his_o elder_a brother_n call_v the_o primate_n john_n vezik_n have_v notify_v the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n convene_v the_o diet_n on_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o june_n where_o the_o lutheran_n continue_v their_o cabal_n and_o faction_n as_o former_o but_o do_v not_o favour_v any_o of_o vladislaus_n his_o competitor_n as_o before_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n be_v fix_v for_o the_o 27_o the_o of_o september_n in_o the_o same_o year_n whither_o the_o gentry_n all_o flock_v at_o the_o time_n appoint_v but_o that_o more_o to_o ingratiate_v themselves_o in_o their_o prince_n vladislaus_n favour_n than_o to_o sell_v their_o suffrage_n one_o thing_n be_v propose_v at_o this_o diet_n which_o have_v it_o be_v follow_v may_v have_v deliver_v the_o kingdom_n from_o great_a oppression_n this_o be_v to_o digest_v the_o law_n into_o a_o code_n and_o to_o get_v the_o king_n elect_v to_o confirm_v it_o also_o to_o reform_v the_o many_o abuse_v creep_v into_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o law_n but_o this_o be_v too_o vigorous_o oppose_v by_o the_o interest_v party_n and_o therefore_o be_v fain_o to_o be_v let_v fall_n election_n hereupon_o the_o diet_n devote_v themselves_o whole_o to_o the_o election_n prince_n casimir_n first_o propose_v his_o brothervladislaus_n which_o henry_n firley_n bishop_n of_o premislia_n second_v by_o a_o speech_n to_o this_o purpose_n that_o though_o that_o assembly_n have_v a_o right_a to_o elect_v who_o they_o please_v yet_o they_o have_v ever_o have_v a_o particular_a regard_n to_o the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n that_o every_o body_n there_o acknowledge_v the_o candidate_n to_o be_v of_o the_o blood_n of_o jagello_n that_o even_o the_o merit_n of_o his_o father_n plead_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o son_n that_o uladislaus_n his_o own_o conquest_n have_v sufficient_o testify_v his_o valour_n and_o last_o that_o a_o favourable_a result_n be_v to_o be_v expect_v from_o that_o assembly_n since_o each_o know_v as_o much_o of_o the_o merit_n of_o that_o prince_n as_o he_o this_o be_v courteous_o answer_v by_o the_o primate_n after_o which_o they_o proceed_v to_o admit_v the_o ambassador_n admit_v first_o honorius_n visconti_n the_o pope_n nuncio_n have_v audience_n who_o be_v place_v on_o the_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o primate_n first_o desire_v the_o assembly_n to_o choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n and_o then_o recommend_v prince_n vladislaus_n next_o the_o ambassador_n of_o the_o emperor_n
ruin_n and_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o pole_n the_o only_a damage_n they_o sustain_v be_v when_o chmielinski_n be_v celebrate_v the_o nuptial_n of_o his_o son_n with_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o valachia_n where_o the_o pole_n surprise_v they_o retook_a the_o city_n of_o kiovia_n and_o plunder_v it_o as_o likewise_o make_v the_o grecian_a patriarch_n prisoner_n then_o the_o cosack_v send_v to_o the_o king_n to_o know_v if_o this_o have_v be_v do_v by_o his_o majesty_n order_n which_o be_v answer_v in_o the_o negative_a and_o moreover_o that_o the_o nobility_n have_v do_v it_o to_o be_v revenge_v on_o they_o for_o the_o frequent_a damage_n they_o have_v do_v they_o they_o immediate_o in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o tartar_n fall_v into_o poland_n with_o the_o great_a fury_n imaginable_a against_o these_o the_o king_n go_v in_o person_n at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o defeat_v they_o in_o battle_n but_o nevertheless_o the_o king_n be_v afterward_o force_v to_o clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o they_o though_o the_o gentry_n be_v very_o much_o displease_v at_o his_o grant_v they_o their_o own_o term_n by_o which_o the_o muscovite_n be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o smolensko_n and_o kiovia_n which_o they_o enjoy_v to_o this_o day_n the_o muscovite_n likewise_o take_v vilna_n in_o lithuania_n with_o some_o other_o considerable_a city_n in_o that_o great_a duchy_n poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n raise_v a_o more_o fatal_a storm_n in_o poland_n for_o with_o a_o army_n of_o choose_a man_n he_o enter_v that_o kingdom_n and_o in_o two_o year_n time_n make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n thereof_o he_o first_o conquer_v great_a poland_n and_o masovia_n and_o afterward_o the_o lesser_a poland_n with_o cracow_n the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n from_o whence_o he_o march_v into_o prussia_n where_o almost_o all_o the_o town_n immediate_o surrender_v to_o he_o except_o dantzic_n wherein_o at_o first_o be_v a_o great_a many_o citizen_n that_o favour_v the_o suede_n but_o who_o not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o some_o minister_n continue_v their_o obedience_n to_o poland_n the_o resistance_n make_v by_o this_o one_o city_n be_v the_o main_a reason_n why_o all_o the_o advantage_n get_v by_o the_o swede_n at_o last_o prove_v fruitless_a and_o that_o they_o can_v maintain_v themselves_o no_o long_o in_o prussia_n notwithstanding_o that_o not_o only_o the_o whole_a militia_n of_o poland_n and_o that_o part_n of_o lithuania_n which_o be_v under_o the_o muscovite_n have_v submit_v to_o the_o swede_n but_o also_o king_n john_n casimir_n be_v flee_v into_o silesia_n for_o the_o pole_n have_v recover_v themselves_o after_o their_o first_o consternation_n be_v over_o and_o be_v moreover_o join_v by_o the_o brandenburger_n and_o tartar_n fall_v upon_o such_o of_o the_o swedish_n force_v as_o be_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o the_o country_n the_o lithuanian_n also_o rise_v up_o in_o arm_n and_o kill_v all_o the_o swede_n that_o be_v in_o winter-quarter_n among_o they_o invasion_n the_o occasion_n of_o this_o swedish_n invasion_n be_v some_o familiarity_n king_n casimir_n have_v have_v with_o the_o wife_n of_o the_o vicechancellor_n radziouski_n father_n to_o the_o present_a cardinal_n primate_n this_o great_a senator_n can_v by_o no_o mean_n brook_v a_o scandal_n so_o public_a and_o therefore_o have_v first_o make_v a_o party_n in_o the_o kingdom_n he_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n through_o livonia_n to_o revenge_v his_o quarrel_n who_o soon_o get_v the_o duke_n of_o curland_n country_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n afterward_o they_o have_v such_o vast_a success_n in_o their_o progress_n that_o all_o the_o town_n of_o poland_n soon_o submit_v to_o they_o none_o be_v able_a to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v but_o few_o fortify_v place_n in_o poland_n it_o be_v a_o maxim_n of_o state_n there_o that_o their_o king_n shall_v not_o strengthen_v themselves_o at_o home_n whereby_o their_o enemy_n may_v take_v foot_v from_o abroad_o this_o vast_a conquest_n make_v all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n very_o jealous_a of_o the_o power_n of_o sweden_n for_o on_o one_o side_n ragozzi_n prince_n of_o transylvania_n think_v perhaps_o to_o obtain_v that_o crown_n for_o himself_o enter_v poland_n but_o with_o no_o success_n the_o dane_n likewise_o make_v a_o considerable_a diversion_n on_o their_o part_n by_o attacking_z sweden_n also_o the_o muscovite_n come_v upon_o livonia_n and_o the_o emperor_n send_v troop_n to_o succour_v the_o pole_n whereupon_o by_o assistance_n of_o the_o brandenburger_n and_o tartar_n and_o the_o prudent_a conduct_n of_o general_n czarneski_n the_o polish_v nobility_n in_o six_o month_n time_n restore_v casimir_n to_o his_o throne_n stratagem_n this_o czarneski_n retook_a the_o capital_a city_n of_o poland_n by_o a_o stratagem_n which_o be_v by_o contrive_v to_o have_v some_o cartload_v of_o wood_n enter_v the_o city_n betimes_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o to_o break_v in_o their_o passage_n through_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n by_o which_o mean_n with_o 800_o man_n he_o force_v his_o way_n into_o the_o city_n and_o destroy_v the_o swedish_n garrison_n the_o advantage_n of_o a_o unfortify_v kingdom_n will_v always_o be_v this_o that_o though_o it_o be_v soon_o conquer_v it_o will_v nevertheless_o be_v as_o easy_o recover_v brandenburg_n when_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n have_v meet_v with_o a_o opportunity_n to_o make_v war_n with_o poland_n he_o make_v several_a private_a treaty_n with_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n frederic_n william_n and_o at_o length_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o he_o on_o condition_n that_o when_o he_o have_v conquer_v poland_n he_o shall_v give_v he_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n whereupon_o they_o both_o join_v their_o force_n together_o and_o soon_o conquer_v the_o pole_n but_o afterward_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v call_v home_o to_o take_v care_n of_o his_o own_o dominion_n which_o be_v then_o invade_v by_o the_o dane_n he_o be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o poland_n for_o 800000_o rix_n dollar_n which_o the_o pole_n not_o have_v have_v any_o intelligence_n of_o the_o danish_a invasion_n be_v glad_a to_o agree_v to_o but_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenhurg_n observe_v that_o the_o money_n stipulate_v for_o be_v not_o like_a to_o be_v easy_o raise_v offer_v unknown_a to_o the_o swede_n to_o give_v the_o pole_n that_o sum_n and_o moreover_o to_o help_v they_o to_o drive_v the_o swede_n out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n in_o case_n they_o will_v but_o confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n the_o aforesaid_a sovereignty_n of_o ducal_z prussia_n to_o this_o the_o pole_n be_v in_o extreme_a confusion_n and_o necessity_n quick_o condescend_v with_o this_o restraint_n only_o that_o whenever_o the_o say_v elector_n male-issue_n fail_v that_o duchy_n shall_v revert_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n whereupon_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v be_v proclaim_v sovereign_a duke_n of_o prussia_n he_o immediate_o join_v the_o polish_v force_n and_o in_o short_a time_n drive_v the_o swede_n out_o of_o their_o kingdom_n which_o he_o before_o have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o bring_v in_o this_o be_v the_o account_n i_o have_v hear_v the_o pole_n give_v of_o their_o deliverance_n from_o the_o swedish_n yoke_n and_o sir_n robert_z southwell_z also_o give_v we_o late_o the_o same_o account_n at_o the_o royal_a society_n which_o he_o have_v have_v from_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n own_o mouth_n oliva_n at_o this_o 2._o treaty_n of_o oliva_n a_o monastery_n near_o dantzic_n the_o pole_n likewise_o be_v to_o renounce_v all_o the_o pretension_n they_o have_v to_o livonia_n casimir_n after_o have_v rout_v the_o swede_n raise_v a_o army_n of_o about_o 30000_o german_n under_o pretence_n of_o be_v revenge_v on_o the_o tartar_n for_o detain_v several_a pole_n prisonner_n which_o he_o have_v betray_v himself_o the_o better_a to_o curb_v his_o subject_n but_o prince_n lubomirski_n crown-marshal_n have_v discover_v his_o private_a design_n which_o be_v to_o render_v himself_o despotic_a raise_v a_o army_n likewise_o and_o attack_v that_o of_o the_o king_n with_o so_o good_a success_n that_o he_o entire_o rout_v it_o take_v its_o general_n a_o frenchman_n prisoner_n and_o quick_o oblige_v the_o king_n to_o disband_v his_o german_a force_n at_o this_o abdication_n affront_n receive_v from_o his_o own_o subject_n casimir_n be_v extreme_o nettle_v insomuch_o that_o he_o abdicate_v the_o crown_n not_o long_o after_o but_o some_o time_n before_o his_o abdication_n he_o convoke_v a_o diet_n at_o leopol_n to_o pay_v off_o the_o army_n the_o best_a expedient_a to_o effect_v this_o be_v think_v to_o be_v to_o call_v in_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o re-coin_n it_o but_o this_o have_v be_v find_v deficient_a the_o
the_o opposition_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n who_o do_v but_o dishonour_v their_o country_n by_o exclude_v a_o piasto_n yet_o they_o ought_v to_o choose_v one_o to_o show_v the_o world_n that_o if_o their_o ancestor_n have_v not_o do_v the_o like_a often_o it_o be_v because_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o avoid_v the_o jealousy_n which_o will_v have_v arisen_a between_o so_o many_o subject_n that_o deserve_v the_o crown_n and_o that_o since_o now_o there_o be_v one_o present_n who_o merit_n be_v not_o to_o be_v question_v they_o ought_v forthwith_o to_o elect_v he_o then_o he_o proceed_v to_o name_n john_n sobieski_n with_o this_o character_n that_o his_o life_n have_v be_v entire_o devote_v to_o the_o service_n of_o the_o state_n which_o even_o while_o he_o be_v speak_v peaceable_o enjoy_v the_o fruit_n of_o his_o late_a victory_n at_o chocim_fw-la and_o further_o that_o this_o present_a happiness_n be_v but_o a_o specimen_fw-la of_o what_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v for_o his_o country_n and_o last_o that_o the_o crown_n be_v due_a to_o sobieski_n out_o of_o mere_a gratitude_n and_o acknowledgement_n since_o it_o be_v through_o his_o mean_n that_o they_o sit_v there_o and_o have_v a_o power_n to_o dispose_v of_o it_o speech_n the_o gentry_n of_o russia_n be_v influence_v by_o what_o their_o palatin_n have_v say_v immediate_o declare_v for_o sobieski_n who_o be_v a_o native_a of_o their_o province_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o poland_n soon_o follow_v their_o example_n together_o with_o some_o palatinate_v of_o lithuania_n bring_v over_o by_o the_o management_n of_o prince_n radzivil_n vicechancellor_n of_o that_o duchy_n every_o one_o be_v forward_o to_o deserve_v favour_n from_o one_o who_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v for_o their_o prince_n dissent_v the_o great_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v high_o displease_v at_o all_o these_o proceed_n leave_v the_o diet_n in_o a_o heat_n and_o together_o with_o his_o friend_n march_v out_o of_o the_o field_n about_o nine_o at_o night_n no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o bring_v he_o back_o hereupon_o he_o immediate_o enter_v protest_v against_o this_o election_n allege_v that_o it_o be_v against_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o kingdom_n for_o any_o king_n to_o be_v choose_v without_o the_o common_a consent_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 20_o the_o of_o may_n the_o lithuanian_n return_v into_o the_o field_n but_o retire_v after_o have_v make_v their_o protestation_n against_o this_o election_n whereupon_o several_a senator_n and_o nuncio_n be_v send_v to_o recall_a they_o but_o their_o answer_n be_v that_o they_o be_v go_v to_o deliberate_v upon_o the_o matter_n and_o will_v inform_v they_o of_o their_o resolution_n by_o their_o deputy_n the_o pole_n and_o lithuanian_n who_o have_v espouse_v sobieski_n interest_n forthwith_o command_v the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o notwithstanding_o this_o prelate_n decline_v wise_o foresee_v the_o disorder_n so_o rash_a a_o election_n may_v occasion_v and_o which_o may_v probable_o end_v in_o a_o civil_a war._n lithuania_n the_o deputy_n of_o lithuania_n arrive_v a_o little_a while_n after_o whereof_o the_o chief_a be_v the_o bishop_n of_o vilna_n brother_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n deliver_v the_o message_n give_v sobieski_n the_o title_n only_o of_o grand_a marshal_n yet_o in_o the_o conclusion_n of_o his_o discourse_n he_o tell_v they_o that_o he_o be_v ready_a to_o give_v his_o vote_n for_o he_o but_o desire_v the_o proclaim_v he_o may_v be_v defer_v till_o next_o day_n to_o the_o end_n the_o lithuanian_n may_v assist_v at_o it_o and_o thereby_o the_o election_n become_v unanimous_a which_o request_v of_o his_o be_v ready_o grant_v whereupon_o the_o 21_o st_z of_o may_n andrew_n trzebicki_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n who_o preside_v at_o the_o diet_n in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o primate_n czartoriski_n just_a then_o decease_v which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o sobieski_n the_o primate_n have_v be_v no_o friend_n of_o his_o go_v with_o the_o senator_n before_o the_o new_a prince_n to_o the_o place_n of_o election_n where_o they_o be_v meet_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n with_o their_o general_n patz_n at_o their_o head_n who_o be_v too_o politic_a not_o to_o assist_v there_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n john_n sobieski_n be_v soon_o after_o proclaim_v 1674._o and_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v to_o sing_v te_fw-la deum_fw-la in_o the_o cathedral_n of_o warsaw_n end_v the_o day_n with_o usual_a acclamation_n and_o rejoice_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n though_o none_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a nor_o rich_a in_o the_o kingdom_n his_o father_n father_n james_n sobieski_n be_v castellan_n of_o cracovia_n a_o person_n no_o less_o eminent_a for_o his_o ability_n in_o affair_n of_o state_n than_o renown_v for_o his_o courage_n and_o conduct_n in_o the_o field_n he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o as_o ambassador_n and_o plenipotentiary_n upon_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o by_o his_o prudence_n and_o address_n be_v honourable_o conclude_v with_o sultan_n osman_n he_o distinguish_v himself_o likewise_o on_o many_o other_o important_a occasion_n and_o after_o several_a other_o great_a service_n faithful_o perform_v for_o his_o country_n he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1646._o mother_n his_o mother_n be_v one_o of_o the_o daughter_n of_o stanislaus_n zolkiewski_n grand_a chancellor_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o brave_o fight_v that_o memorable_a battle_n at_o cicora_n on_o the_o 10_o of_o september_n 1620_o and_o though_o he_o be_v again_o five_o time_n attack_v by_o the_o turk_n on_o the_o 2d_o of_o october_n in_o the_o same_o year_n yet_o he_o gallant_o repulse_v they_o till_o at_o last_o be_v overpower_v with_o number_n and_o forsake_v by_o his_o follower_n he_o be_v slay_v courageous_o fight_v among_o the_o thick_a troop_n of_o his_o enemy_n travel_n this_o prince_n be_v careful_o educate_v by_o his_o parent_n in_o his_o youth_n and_o send_v to_o travel_v into_o france_n where_o his_o father_n buy_v he_o a_o captain_n of_o horse_n commission_n which_o gain_v he_o great_a experience_n he_o also_o travel_v into_o england_n germany_n and_o italy_n where_o have_v observe_v all_o the_o different_a manner_n interest_n law_n military_a discipline_n strength_n and_o policy_n of_o those_o people_n and_o in_o a_o word_n all_o else_o that_o be_v necessary_a for_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n to_o learn_v in_o his_o travel_n he_o at_o last_o return_v home_o when_o casimir_n after_o several_a trial_n both_o of_o his_o valour_n and_o discretion_n and_o admire_v at_o his_o great_a merit_n and_o quick_a part_n which_o he_o have_v improve_v so_o well_o both_o in_o language_n science_n and_o military_a accomplishment_n make_v he_o first_o a_o colonel_n of_o foot_n and_o afterward_o captain_n of_o his_o guard_n and_o from_o thence_o advance_v he_o gradual_o through_o all_o the_o post_n of_o his_o army_n till_o he_o arrive_v at_o be_v grand_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o room_n of_o lubomirski_n and_o grand_a general_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o room_n of_o potoski_n he_o behave_v himself_o in_o all_o these_o employment_n with_o that_o courage_n and_o prudence_n as_o become_v a_o soldier_n and_o be_v repute_v the_o hero_n of_o his_o age_n and_o the_o terror_n of_o the_o ottoman_a empire_n marriage_n he_o marry_v mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n daughter_n to_o the_o marquis_n of_o arquien_v not_o long_o since_o make_v cardinal_n of_o the_o family_n of_o la_fw-fr grange_n in_o nivernois_n in_o france_n she_o by_o the_o contrivance_n of_o king_n casimir_n queen_n to_o who_o she_o be_v maid_n of_o honour_n be_v first_o marry_v to_o prince_n zamoiski_n one_o of_o the_o great_a palatine_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o the_o grand_a general_n sobieski_n by_o who_o she_o have_v several_a child_n and_o among_o the_o â—â—est_n three_o hopeful_a prince_n the_o elder_a of_o which_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v brother-in-law_n to_o the_o emperor_n king_n of_o spain_n king_n of_o portugal_n and_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o modena_n by_o marry_v one_o of_o the_o princess_n of_o neuburgh_n this_o prince_n be_v not_o crown_v till_o above_o fifteen_o month_n after_o his_o election_n during_o which_o time_n he_o gain_v great_a advantage_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o force_v they_o to_o a_o peace_n at_o zorowna_n whereby_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o remit_v the_o yearly_a tribute_n stipulate_v for_o by_o king_n michael_n but_o be_v still_o to_o be_v leave_v in_o possession_n of_o the_o fortress_n of_o caminiec_n at_o the_o time_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v please_v generosity_n to_o promise_v of_o his_o own_o free_a will_n and_o motion_n that_o the_o queen-dowager_n shall_v be_v provide_v for_o suitable_o to_o her_o high_a quality_n and_o extraordinary_a merit_n as_o also_o that_o the_o arrear_n of_o the_o army_n shall_v be_v
think_v and_o think_v what_o he_o please_v without_o any_o fear_n of_o the_o king_n interregnum_fw-la after_o the_o king_n death_n cardinal_n radziouski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n and_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n take_v the_o administration_n of_o the_o government_n as_o be_v usual_a upon_o he_o and_o notify_v the_o king_n death_n to_o foreign_a prince_n and_o to_o all_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n and_o advise_v with_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v then_o at_o warsaw_n of_o the_o proper_a method_n and_o fit_a time_n to_o ohoose_v a_o new_a king_n they_o fix_v upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n 1696_o for_o the_o convocation_n of_o the_o grand_a diet_n but_o there_o appear_v several_a competitor_n which_o make_v powerful_a faction_n it_o be_v think_v necessary_a to_o take_v more_o time_n to_o appease_v the_o dissension_n of_o the_o nobility_n wherefore_o the_o overture_n of_o the_o diet_n be_v defer_v to_o the_o 15_o of_o may_v 1697._o they_o choose_v the_o sieur_n belinski_n for_o their_o speaker_n who_o they_o call_v their_o marshal_n the_o chief_a competitor_n be_v at_o first_o crown_n prince_n james_n of_o poland_n and_o his_o brother_n prince_n alexander_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n don_n livio_n odeschalchi_n and_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n but_o at_o last_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n unexpected_o come_v to_o the_o frontier_n of_o poland_n with_o 8000_o man_n and_o declare_v himself_o candidate_n have_v a_o twelvemonth_n before_o private_o abjure_v his_o religion_n to_o qualify_v himself_o for_o this_o crown_n which_o procure_v he_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o pope_n and_o clergy_n so_o that_o at_o length_n no_o considerable_a party_n appear_v but_o for_o he_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o prince_n james_n the_o cardinal_n primate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o palatine_n support_v with_o all_o their_o interest_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n the_o french_a have_v for_o several_a year_n before_o as_o i_o observe_v when_o i_o be_v in_o that_o kingdom_n give_v a_o great_a character_n of_o his_o merit_n and_o valour_n which_o make_v the_o king_n of_o france_n believe_v that_o he_o will_v undoubted_o carry_v that_o crown_n against_o all_o opposer_n as_o it_o be_v probable_a he_o will_v have_v do_v have_v he_o be_v in_o person_n as_o near_o the_o place_n of_o election_n as_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n be_v for_o on_o the_o 26_o of_o june_n be_v the_o day_n of_o election_n the_o diet_n draw_v out_o into_o the_o field_n and_o he_o have_v that_o day_n more_o vote_n than_o either_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n or_o prince_n james_n which_o the_o primate_n observe_v go_v with_o his_o party_n and_o immediate_o proclaim_v he_o king_n but_o the_o two_o other_o party_n know_v this_o can_v not_o be_v legal_o do_v without_o the_o universal_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n protest_v against_o it_o as_o illegal_a and_o prince_n james_n perceive_v his_o party_n to_o be_v the_o weak_a and_o have_v always_o be_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n as_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o empress_n and_o queen_n of_o spain_n sister_n resign_v all_o his_o interest_n to_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n who_o be_v likewise_o support_v by_o the_o emperor_n these_o two_o party_n be_v thus_o unite_v into_o one_o be_v more_o numerous_a than_o that_o of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n wherefore_o come_v next_o day_n into_o the_o field_n they_o get_v the_o bishop_n of_o cujavia_n after_o the_o primate_n have_v refuse_v it_o to_o proclaim_v 1697._o frederic_n augustus_n elector_n of_o saxony_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o send_v ambassador_n to_o acquaint_v he_o therewith_o and_o to_o desire_v he_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o crown_n all_o this_o while_n the_o primate_n and_o prince_n of_o conti_n party_n stand_v firm_a to_o the_o first_o election_n and_o dispatch_v courier_n into_o france_n to_o desire_v that_o prince_n to_o come_v with_o all_o speed_n into_o poland_n the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n be_v 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successive_o for_o above_o eight_o hundred_o year_n but_o hereafter_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o prove_v otherwise_o for_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o their_o own_o king_n and_o so_o covetous_a to_o be_v enrich_v by_o foreign_a prince_n that_o probable_o henceforward_o they_o will_v choose_v no_o native_a beside_o the_o pope_n will_v undoubted_o always_o use_v his_o utmost_a authority_n and_o interest_n in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o get_v protestant_a prince_n elect_v for_o when_o i_o be_v former_o at_o rome_n i_o hear_v the_o politician_n say_v that_o the_o best_a method_n to_o make_v the_o protestant_a prince_n of_o the_o north_n roman_n catholic_n be_v to_o elect_v they_o successive_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n so_o that_o if_o the_o pope_n see_v that_o the_o present_a king_n of_o poland_n child_n be_v confirm_v in_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n he_o will_v doubtless_o after_o his_o death_n make_v the_o same_o endeavour_n to_o advance_v 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poland_n i_o think_v a_o geographical_a description_n of_o that_o country_n may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o you_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o be_v not_o long_a enough_o in_o that_o kingdom_n to_o survey_v it_o exact_o therefore_o have_v take_v pain_n to_o learn_v not_o only_o from_o the_o native_n themselves_o but_o also_o from_o their_o correct_a author_n a_o account_n of_o such_o part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n which_o i_o can_v not_o visit_v myself_o i_o must_v first_o take_v notice_n to_o your_o lordship_n that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n dominion_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o different_a state_n which_o be_v the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o constitution_n language_n custom_n and_o genius_n of_o both_o which_o nation_n be_v as_o different_a as_o those_o of_o england_n and_o scotland_n except_o that_o one_o parliament_n or_o diet_n serve_v both_o which_o must_v nevertheless_o have_v one_o session_n in_o lithuania_n to_o two_o in_o poland_n and_o the_o senator_n and_o deputy_n of_o each_o nation_n must_v meet_v together_o as_o well_o in_o the_o great_a duchy_n as_o in_o the_o kingdom_n for_o no_o law_n can_v be_v legal_o make_v without_o the_o mutual_a consent_n of_o both_o poland_n therefore_o be_v a_o distinct_a nation_n of_o itself_o i_o will_v here_o as_o i_o have_v promise_v present_a your_o lordship_n with_o a_o short_a description_n of_o it_o alone_o my_o lord_n poland_n poland_n when_o first_o found_v by_o lechus_n in_o the_o year_n 550_o like_o all_o other_o nation_n in_o their_o minority_n be_v but_o a_o small_a tract_n of_o land_n in_o respect_n of_o what_o it_o afterward_o grow_v to_o be_v for_o at_o first_o it_o contain_v only_o high_a and_o low_a poland_n with_o silesia_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n either_o through_o marriage_n or_o conquest_n it_o become_v the_o large_a and_o most_o powerful_a kingdom_n in_o europe_n and_o raise_v as_o well_o the_o envy_n as_o jealousy_n of_o its_o neighbour_n conquest_n the_o first_o acquisition_n to_o this_o crown_n be_v the_o province_n of_o pomerania_n conquer_v by_o lechus_n by_o his_o have_v kill_v regulus_n its_o prince_n boleslaus_n chrobry_n likewise_o make_v bohemia_n russia_n moravia_n and_o prussia_n tributary_n but_o casimir_n ii_o entire_o conquer_v all_o prussia_n in_o the_o year_n 1183_o and_o casimir_n the_o great_a subdue_v all_o russia_n in_o the_o year_n 1338_o when_o maslaus_n the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n also_o submit_v to_o the_o polish_v crown_n some_o time_n after_o valachia_n and_o moldavia_n be_v unite_v to_o poland_n by_o conquest_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n add_v by_o jagello_n marriage_n with_o hedwigis_fw-la queen_n of_o poland_n the_o large_a and_o fertile_a province_n of_o livonia_n be_v conquer_v about_o the_o year_n 1500_o and_o afterward_o the_o pole_n extend_v their_o conquest_n towards_o moscovy_n when_o they_o take_v the_o great_a dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n and_o czernicovia_n and_o in_o vladislaus_n the_o viith_n time_n conquer_v all_o that_o country_n they_o in_o like_a manner_n enlarge_v their_o dominion_n towards_o the_o black_a sea_n for_o they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o vkraina_n policy_n over_o and_o above_o these_o vast_a conquest_n the_o pole_n likewise_o grow_v very_o considerable_a by_o elect_v several_a potent_a neighbour_n for_o their_o king_n whereby_o they_o add_v to_o their_o own_o strength_n that_o of_o bohemia_n hungary_n sweden_n and_o transylvania_n as_o they_o have_v likewise_o at_o this_o juncture_n that_o of_o the_o electorate_v of_o saxony_n in_o short_a the_o pole_n in_o process_n of_o time_n grow_v so_o exorbitant_o powerful_a from_o the_o xiiith_o to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o xviith_o century_n have_v in_o their_o possession_n all_o the_o land_n between_o austria_n moscovy_n and_o the_o baltic_a and_o euxine_a sea_n that_o they_o give_v their_o neighbour_n the_o turk_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n and_o german_n just_a reason_n to_o grow_v jealous_a of_o they_o whereupon_o these_o several_a potentate_n at_o different_a time_n make_v most_o bloody_a war_n upon_o they_o till_o by_o degree_n they_o have_v bring_v their_o territory_n to_o a_o narrow_a compass_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o for_o the_o emperor_n get_v from_o they_o the_o several_a country_n of_o hungary_n bohemia_n transylvania_n silesia_n and_o moravia_n valachia_n and_o moldavia_n now_o choose_v hospodar_n or_o governor_n of_o their_o own_o though_o they_o be_v nevertheless_o tributary_n to_o the_o turk_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n be_v master_n of_o podolia_n and_o the_o best_a part_n of_o vkraina_n which_o they_o overrun_v in_o king_n michael_n korybuth_n time_n and_o the_o muscovite_n conquer_v the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o kiovia_n as_o likewise_o all_o the_o vast_a dutchy_n of_o severia_n smolensko_n and_o czernicovia_n the_o king_n of_o sweden_n also_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o
all_o livonia_n except_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n which_o be_v leave_v still_o tributary_n to_o poland_n ducal_z prussia_n be_v entire_o in_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n hand_n of_o which_o he_o be_v of_o late_a a_o independent_a sovereign_n pomerania_n be_v now_o possess_v by_o the_o swede_n and_o german_n between_o they_o and_o dantzic_n be_v in_o the_o nature_n of_o a_o little_a republic_n or_o hans-town_n yet_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n extent_n thus_o your_o lordship_n may_v observe_v that_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n have_v clip_v so_o close_a the_o skirt_n of_o this_o vast_a empire_n that_o they_o have_v reduce_v it_o to_o one_o three_o of_o what_o it_o have_v heretofore_o be_v yet_o notwithstanding_o all_o these_o loss_n it_o be_v still_o reckon_v to_o the_o full_a as_o large_a as_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n but_o its_o frontier_n towards_o tartary_n be_v altogether_o desolate_a most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n have_v be_v carry_v away_o into_o captivity_n either_o by_o the_o turk_n or_o tartar_n to_o give_v your_o lordship_n a_o just_a account_n of_o the_o present_a extent_n of_o poland_n i_o must_v divide_v it_o into_o its_o several_a remain_v province_n which_o be_v but_o eight_o viz._n little_o &_o great_a poland_n regal_a prussia_n russia_n masovia_n samogitia_n volhynia_n &_o podlachia_n but_o first_o a_o word_n or_o two_o of_o the_o country_n in_o general_n bound_n poland_n together_o with_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v now_o bound_v on_o the_o north_n by_o moscovy_n livonia_n and_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o south_n by_o moldavia_n transylvania_n and_o hungary_n on_o the_o east_n by_o vkraina_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o dutchy_n of_o smolensko_n severia_n czernicovia_n and_o kiovia_n which_o be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o muscovite_n and_o on_o the_o west_n by_o pomerania_n brandenburg_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n it_o extend_v itself_o from_o south_n to_o north_n that_o be_v from_o the_o carpathian_n mountain_n to_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n about_o 200_o league_n from_o the_o 45_o degree_n 36_o minute_n to_o the_o 55_o degree_n 29_o minute_n of_o latitude_n and_o from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o be_v from_o smoleusko_n and_o the_o vkraine_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o pomerania_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n above_o 240._o soil_n it_o be_v soil_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v champain_n though_o towards_o the_o border_n of_o hungary_n very_o mountainous_a and_o woody_a yet_o as_o it_o decline_v from_o thence_o it_o general_o grow_v more_o fruitful_a there_o be_v only_o one_o great_a mountain_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o lesser_n poland_n call_v mons_fw-la calvus_n the_o bald_a mountain_n though_o it_o have_v a_o monastery_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o surname_v the_o holy_a cross_n and_o dedicate_v to_o our_o saviour_n what_o other_o you_o shall_v meet_v with_o may_v be_v rather_o term_v little_a hill_n than_o mountain_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v full_a of_o forest_n wood_n marsh_n lake_n and_o river_n which_o afford_v a_o delightful_a vista_n to_o the_o open_a country_n product_n heretofore_o poland_n be_v say_v to_o have_v be_v almost_o all_o wood_n but_o now_o be_v cultivate_v by_o the_o industry_n of_o its_o inhabitant_n it_o produce_v everywhere_o all_o kind_n of_o fruit_n grain_n and_o herb_n nay_o it_o want_v for_o neither_o fowl_n nor_o fish_n and_o moreover_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o tame_a and_o wild_a beast_n there_o be_v also_o vine_n in_o many_o place_n who_o grape_n be_v not_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o palate_n especial_o if_o the_o summer_n and_o autumn_n be_v never_o so_o little_a favourable_a but_o the_o wine_n be_v general_o very_o sharp_a when_o it_o have_v once_o be_v draw_v off_o in_o the_o mountain_n be_v to_o be_v find_v mine_n of_o silver_n copper_n lead_v and_o iron_n with_o divers_a other_o kind_n of_o mineral_n as_o also_o salt_n which_o be_v common_o take_v out_o in_o huge_a mass_n like_o stone_n out_o of_o a_o quarry_n the_o western_a part_n of_o this_o kingdom_n produce_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v transport_v in_o considerable_a quantity_n into_o foreign_a country_n and_o beside_o it_o abound_v with_o honey_n wax_n hemp_n and_o linen_n for_o sail_n all_o which_o be_v carry_v to_o dantzic_n and_o from_o thence_o transport_v village_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o town_n and_o all_o the_o village_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v of_o timber_n and_o thatch_a the_o gentleman_n house_n in_o the_o country_n be_v also_o of_o the_o same_o make._n the_o whole_a number_n of_o city_n town_n borough_n and_o village_n in_o poland_n amount_v to_o near_a a_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v not_o much_o above_o twenty_o wall_v there_o be_v two_o sort_n of_o city_n in_o this_o kingdom_n the_o first_o belong_v to_o the_o republic_n of_o which_o the_o king_n name_v the_o governor_n and_o other_o officer_n and_o the_o second_o be_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o particular_a signior_n by_o hereditary_a succession_n of_o which_o there_o can_v be_v no_o other_o starostas_n but_o their_o own_o peculiar_a lord_n climate_n the_o air_n of_o this_o country_n be_v suitable_a to_o the_o climate_n and_o sometime_o so_o exceed_v cold_a that_o water_n freeze_v ere_o it_o fall_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o lake_n and_o river_n be_v so_o freeze_v up_o that_o coach_n and_o load_v cart_n pass_v over_o they_o for_o five_o or_o six_o month_n together_o even_o to_o the_o end_n of_o march._n river_n the_o most_o remarkable_a river_n of_o this_o country_n be_v the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n the_o wart_n or_o varta_fw-la the_o nieper_n or_o boristbenes_n the_o niester_n or_o tyra_n the_o dwina_n or_o duna_n the_o bog_n or_o bobus_fw-la the_o bug_n or_o bugus_n the_o nieman_n or_o nemenus_n course_n the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n take_v its_o rise_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o teschen_n in_o silesia_n out_o of_o mount_n carpathus_n now_o crapack_o and_o run_v by_o the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o oswieczin_n cracow_n sendomir_n casimir_n lublin_n warsaw_n plocskow_n vladislaw_n thorn_n culm_n bromberg_n grandentz_n newenburg_n elbing_n marienburg_n and_o dantzic_n this_o river_n ancient_o separate_v sarmatia_n europea_n from_o germany_n and_o have_v continue_v its_o course_n for_o above_o a_o hundred_o polish_v miles_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o stream_n empty_v one_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o frischhaff_a and_o the_o other_o into_o the_o baltic_a sea_n vulgar_o call_v de_fw-fr oost_n zee_n the_o wart_n or_o varta_fw-la arise_v in_o lesser_n poland_n and_o after_o have_v water_v siradia_n kalisch_n posnan_n olstin_n etc._n etc._n fall_v into_o the_o other_o a_o river_n of_o silesia_n the_o nieper_n or_o boristhenes_n water_n smolensko_n traverse_n part_v of_o lithuania_n run_v through_o kiow_n or_o kiovia_n cross_v the_o vkraine_n and_o at_o length_n roll_v into_o the_o black_a sea_n near_o ockzakow_n the_o niester_n rise_v near_o the_o lake_n of_o leopol_n and_o have_v run_v by_o halitz_n caminiec_n etc._n etc._n discharge_v itself_o in_o like_a manner_n into_o the_o black_a or_o euxine_a sea_n near_o bialogrod_n the_o duna_n or_o dwina_n spring_v near_o biata_n in_o moscovy_n when_o have_v pass_v by_o witebsko_n polocz_n dunenburg_n kokenhauz_n etc._n etc._n with_o a_o course_n of_o 130_o league_n it_o at_o last_o throw_v itself_o into_o the_o gulf_n of_o riga_n in_o livonia_n the_o bog_n or_o bobus_fw-la take_v its_o origin_n from_o a_o lake_n in_o the_o frontier_n of_o podolia_n and_o have_v pass_v by_o constantinow_n bar_n and_o braclaw_v it_o fall_v into_o the_o nieper_n near_o ockzakow_n the_o bug_n spring_v in_o red_a russia_n near_o olesko_n or_o zborow_n and_o have_v run_v by_o the_o several_a place_n of_o glituani_n beltz_n sokal_n vlodzimierz_n chelm_fw-ge bresty_n and_o warsaw_n fall_v into_o the_o weissel_n by_o wischegrod_n the_o nieman_n or_o nemenus_n arise_v near_o slonim_n or_o rather_o nessivicz_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o novogrodec_n and_o water_n the_o side_n of_o novogrodec_n bielcz_n grodna_n troki_n vilna_n and_o after_o run_v into_o the_o baltic_a near_o tylsa_n lake_n in_o lower_n or_o great_a poland_n cujavia_n and_o the_o territory_n of_o lublin_n there_o be_v several_a considerable_a lake_n replenish_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fresh_a fish_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o lake_n be_v goplo_n five_o mile_n long_o and_o half_a a_o mile_n broad_a next_o there_o be_v biale_n otherwise_o name_v the_o white_a lake_n which_o may_v be_v so_o call_v by_o a_o antiphrasis_n because_o in_o the_o month_n of_o april_n and_o may_v it_o die_v skin_n with_o a_o sort_n of_o swart_a tincture_n to_o proceed_v according_a to_o my_o division_n of_o this_o country_n in_o which_o i_o have_v follow_v starovolscius_fw-la i_o must_v begin_v with_o the_o first_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n which_o be_v province_n great_a or_o low_a poland_n bound_v
present_a prussian_n be_v a_o mix_a people_n spring_v from_o the_o several_a colony_n of_o the_o swede_n pole_n german_n and_o other_o neighbour_a nation_n prussia_n regal_a or_o royal_a prussia_n be_v divide_v into_o four_o palatinate_n viz._n the_o palatinate_n of_o pomerania_n culm_n marienburg_n and_o varmia_n palatinate_n the_o first_o palatinate_n pomerania_n be_v not_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o pole_n require_v no_o description_n palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v that_o of_o culm_n to_o which_o also_o the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n lie_v to_o the_o south_n belong_v and_o have_v in_o it_o these_o city_n and_o town_n viz._n culm_n bish_n &_o cap._n thorn_n graudentz_n colmensee_n brodnicz_n radin_n golubia_n rogozna_fw-la brathian_n lubavia_n and_o kopriunicza_n culm_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v culm_n a_o ancient_a and_o famous_a place_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n the_o foot_n whereof_o be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o lie_v about_o four_o german_a mile_n from_o thorn_n to_o the_o south_n and_o fifteen_o from_o dantzic_n to_o the_o north._n it_o be_v build_v by_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o the_o year_n 1223_o who_o likewise_o fortify_v it_o against_o the_o eruption_n of_o the_o heathen_a prussian_n and_o herman_n desalza_n master_n of_o that_o order_n give_v law_n and_o constitution_n for_o its_o government_n this_o city_n suffer_v much_o damage_n during_o the_o swedish_n invasion_n and_o be_v now_o very_o thin_a of_o inhabitant_n insomuch_o that_o the_o episcopal_n see_v subject_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n remove_v to_o the_o neighbour_a town_n of_o colmensee_n it_o have_v in_o it_o very_o fair_a church_n enrich_v with_o many_o valuable_a ornament_n and_o precious_a offering_n thorn_n thorn_n seat_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o vistula_n by_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n it_o lie_v four_o polish_v miles_n from_o culm_n to_o the_o south_n thirteen_o from_o marienburg_n twenty_o two_o from_o dantzic_n fifteen_o from_o lanschet_fw-mi and_o twenty_o nine_o from_o warsaw_n it_o be_v heretofore_o a_o imperial_a and_o free_a city_n but_o be_v afterward_o exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o as_o yet_o enjoy_v very_o many_o privilege_n it_o be_v name_n seem_v to_o have_v be_v take_v from_o the_o german_a word_n thor_n signify_v a_o gate_n because_o build_v by_o the_o teutonick_n order_n as_o it_o be_v for_o a_o gate_n to_o let_v force_n into_o prussia_n whenever_o occasion_n serve_v whence_o its_o arm_n be_v suppose_v arms._n to_o have_v be_v take_v be_v a_o castle_n and_o gate_n half_o open_a this_o city_n do_v not_o stand_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o the_o old_a one_o do_v that_o have_v be_v seat_v a_o mile_n westward_o from_o hence_o where_o be_v now_o to_o be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o a_o ancient_a castle_n and_o some_o other_o monument_n however_o this_o city_n at_o present_a be_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a build_v of_o any_o in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o street_n be_v much_o broad_a and_o house_n more_o stately_a than_o at_o dantzic_n it_o be_v very_o much_o beautisied_a by_o one_o of_o its_o burgermaster_n henry_n stwband_n in_o the_o year_n 1609_o who_o build_v a_o small_a university_n here_o and_o endow_v it_o with_o a_o considerable_a revenue_n he_o likewise_o found_v a_o hospital_n and_o a_o public_a library_n where_o two_o of_o cicero_n epistle_n be_v preserve_v write_v upon_o table_n of_o wax_n and_o a_o townhouse_n build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o marketplace_n the_o inhabitant_n revolt_v from_o the_o knight_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o the_o year_n 1454_o and_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o poland_n copernicus_n in_o this_o city_n the_o famous_a astronomer_n nicholas_n copernicus_n be_v bear_v and_o john_n albert_n king_n of_o poland_n die_v here_o in_o the_o year_n 1501._o it_o be_v take_v by_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o and_o regain_v by_o the_o pole_n in_o 1658._o afterward_o the_o swede_n recover_v it_o and_o the_o pole_n surprise_v and_o retake_v it_o in_o 1665._o graudentz_n graudentz_n only_o famous_a for_o a_o castle_n and_o very_o strong_a wall_n colmensee_n colmensee_n or_o culmensee_n the_o episcopal_a seat_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o culm_n translate_v hither_o from_o culm_n it_o be_v distant_a nine_o mile_n from_o thorn_n to_o the_o north_n nineteen_o from_o graudentz_n and_o twelve_o from_o culm_n to_o the_o southeast_n michalovia_n the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n be_v a_o strait_a neck_n of_o land_n between_o the_o river_n brodna_n and_o drebnicz_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o bloody_a war_n between_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n and_o pole_n the_o chief_a town_n be_v michalovia_n which_o with_o some_o other_o that_o be_v in_o this_o territory_n deserve_v no_o description_n palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v that_o of_o marienburg_n in_o which_o be_v these_o city_n and_o town_n viz_o marienburg_n cap._n elbing_n stuma_n mewa_n gniew_n now_o stargardie_o and_o ornet_fw-la marienburg_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v marienburg_n seat_v upon_o the_o nogat_n a_o branch_n of_o the_o vistula_n about_o six_o mile_n from_o dantzic_n it_o be_v defend_v by_o strong_a wall_n and_o high_a tower_n together_o with_o a_o very_a large_a castle_n wherein_o the_o better_a sort_n of_o prisoner_n in_o time_n of_o war_n be_v keep_v this_o city_n receive_v no_o small_a benefit_n from_o the_o neighbourhood_n of_o the_o island_n zulava_n which_o be_v a_o very_a rich_a spot_n of_o earth_n this_o island_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n viz._n 1._o the_o great_a which_o lie_v next_o marienburg_n and_o 2._o the_o lesser_a next_o to_o dantzic_n to_o who_o inhabitant_n at_o present_a belong_v elbing_n elbing_n a_o well_o fortify_v and_o trade_a town_n in_o which_o the_o english_a they_o say_v have_v former_o a_o consul_n here_o albert_n first_o duke_n of_o prussia_n found_v a_o academy_n in_o the_o year_n 1542._o but_o of_o no_o great_a moment_n the_o other_o town_n i_o find_v no_o description_n of_o palatinate_n the_o four_o palatinate_n of_o royal_a prussia_n be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o varmia_n who_o gentry_n be_v exempt_a from_o all_o regal_a jurisdiction_n be_v whole_o govern_v by_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o prussia_n and_o by_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v a_o temporal_a prince_n it_o have_v in_o it_o these_o city_n and_o town_n heilsberg_n cap._n fraumberg_n brunsberg_n gutestadt_n allestein_n resla_n vormitz_n messac_n vatemberg_n seberg_n etc._n etc._n of_o of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v heilsberg_n heilsberg_n famous_a for_o be_v the_o residence_n of_o the_o bishop_n and_o defend_v with_o strong_a wall_n and_o other_o suitable_a fortification_n fraumberg_n fraumberg_n celebrate_v for_o the_o cathedral_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o varmia_n there_o build_v of_o which_o the_o famous_a astronomer_n copernicus_n be_v canon_n brunsberg_n brunsberg_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n passar_n so_o much_o frequent_v and_o so_o worthy_o esteem_v that_o it_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a town_n of_o prussia_n it_o have_v a_o college_n of_o jesuit_n build_v by_o cardinal_n hosius_n there_o be_v several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n of_o which_o i_o find_v no_o description_n and_o therefore_o have_v omit_v they_o prussia_n ducal_z prussia_n now_o entire_o belong_v to_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v these_o town_n in_o it_o viz._n koningsberg_n cap._n pilaw_n memel_fw-la welaw_n tilsa_n marienwerder_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o number_n of_o 60._o koningsberg_n the_o metropolis_n koningsberg_n be_v a_o market_n town_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n and_o defend_v with_o a_o very_a considerable_a castle_n it_o lie_v in_o the_o 43_o d_o degree_n of_o longitude_n and_o 54_o of_o latitude_n and_o have_v a_o small_a academy_n found_v by_o albert_n great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n and_o first_o duke_n of_o this_o country_n in_o the_o year_n 1544._o the_o citizen_n be_v general_o lutheran_n as_o be_v likewise_o most_o part_n of_o this_o country_n which_o occasion_v sigismond_n iii_o when_o he_o receive_v homage_n of_o this_o duke_n in_o the_o year_n 1621._o to_o impose_v a_o law_n that_o the_o catholic_n shall_v have_v free_a exercise_n for_o their_o religion_n there_o prussia_n the_o senator_n of_o prussia_n be_v the_o bishop_n of_o varmia_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o culm_n the_o palatine_n of_o marienburg_n and_o pomerania_n the_o castellan_n of_o elbing_n and_o dantzic_n there_o be_v other_o officer_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o senate_n or_o great_a council_n of_o prussia_n which_o they_o hold_v among_o themselves_o except_o when_o they_o be_v command_v to_o the_o grand_a diet_n of_o the_o kingdom_n these_o be_v the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o culm_n marienburg_n pomerania_n thorn_n elbing_n and_o dantzic_n beside_o these_o
gules_a palatinate_n the_o second_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v that_o of_o ploskow_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n between_o the_o vistula_n and_o prussia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o district_n viz._n the_o district_v of_o ploczkow_n zancren_n mlava_n and_o stenen_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n ploczkow_n bish_n cap._n sieprcz_n srensko_n mlaw_n and_o radzanow_n the_o capital_a of_o all_o which_o be_v ploczko_n ploczkow_n or_o ploczko_n metropolis_n of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o that_o name_n which_o stand_v on_o a_o high_a bank_n of_o the_o weissel_n or_o vistula_n from_o whence_o one_o may_v have_v a_o very_a fair_a prospect_n of_o a_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a country_n this_o city_n be_v considerable_o enrich_v by_o the_o navigableness_n of_o its_o river_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o have_v be_v long_o dignify_v with_o a_o bishop_n see_n beside_o the_o cathedral_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o church_n and_o monastery_n rich_o endow_v especial_o the_o abbey_n of_o benedictin_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o among_o other_o relic_n the_o head_n of_o st._n sigismond_n be_v keep_v in_o gold_n which_o be_v give_v by_o king_n sigismond_n iii_o sieprcz_n sieprcz_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v on_o a_o hill_n among_o the_o marsh_n and_o about_o five_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n srensko_n srensko_fw-mi a_o timber-built_a town_n seat_v in_o a_o plain_a with_o a_o castle_n found_v among_o the_o bog_n this_o place_n be_v about_o ten_o mile_n from_o ploczko_n mlaw_n mlaw_o a_o town_n build_v on_o the_o confine_n of_o prussia_n and_o wash_v by_o the_o river_n of_o its_o own_o name_n it_o be_v also_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n radzanow_n radzanow_n a_o timber-built_a town_n on_o the_o river_n vkra_fw-mi with_o a_o castle_n found_v upon_o a_o rock_n among_o the_o marsh_n this_o town_n be_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o ploczkow_n ploskow_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o bishop_n palatin_n and_o castellan_n of_o ploskow_n the_o castellan_n of_o sieprcz_n and_o radzanow_n arms._n the_o standard_n or_o arm_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o eagle_n expanse_v sable_n with_o a_o p_o on_o the_o breast_n all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a palatinate_n the_o three_o palatinate_n of_o the_o province_n of_o masovia_n be_v that_o of_o dobrina_n lie_v towards_o the_o west_n between_o cujavia_n and_o prussia_n it_o abound_v with_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n and_o fish_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o district_n viz._n the_o district_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n and_o slonsk_n in_o all_o which_o be_v these_o principal_a city_n and_o town_n viz._n dobrina_n cap._n ripin_n slonsk_n and_o gorzno_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v dobrina_n dobrina_n a_o timber-built_a city_n seat_v on_o a_o rock_n near_o the_o river_n vistula_n it_o have_v former_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v demolish_v by_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n ripin_n ripin_n a_o wooden_a town_n build_v in_o a_o plain_a on_o the_o river_n odleck_n it_o be_v about_o five_o mile_n from_o dobrina_n slonsk_n slonsk_n a_o town_n in_o a_o plain_a situate_a upon_o the_o river_n vistula_n and_o about_o two_o mile_n from_o dobrina_n gorzno_n gorzno_n or_o gurzno_n a_o wood-built_a town_n tolerable_o well_o defend_v by_o nature_n and_o art_n it_o be_v about_o six_o polish_v miles_n from_o dobrina_n this_o palatinate_n be_v former_o the_o cause_n of_o frequent_a war_n between_o the_o pole_n teutonick_n knight_n and_o prussian_n dobrina_n the_o senator_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v the_o castellan_n of_o dobrina_n ripin_n and_o slonsk_n arms._n the_o arm_n and_o standard_n of_o this_o palatinate_n be_v a_o man_n head_n proper_a double_o crown_v or_o and_o argent_fw-fr all_o in_o a_o field_n gules_a province_n the_o six_o province_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v samogitia_n have_v in_o it_o no_o palatinate_n though_o many_o capitany_n of_o which_o the_o chief_a starosta_n be_v he_o of_o the_o province_n who_o have_v a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n though_o no_o other_o of_o the_o same_o dignity_n have_v the_o like_a throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n except_o he_o be_v otherwise_o qualify_v this_o province_n be_v indifferent_o large_a and_o fruitful_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o overrun_v with_o wood_n to_o the_o north_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o curland_n and_o the_o bound_n baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n it_o have_v ducal_z prussia_n and_o the_o baltic_a and_o towards_o the_o south_n and_o east_n it_o border_n on_o lithuania_n it_o have_v several_a city_n as_o well_o belong_v to_o the_o king_n as_o the_o gentry_n which_o for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v all_o build_v with_o wood._n this_o province_n take_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n which_o be_v low_a and_o marshy_a the_o word_n samogitz_n in_o the_o language_n of_o this_o country_n denote_v as_o much_o it_o abound_v with_o lake_n and_o inaccessible_a mountain_n yet_o afford_v great_a quantity_n of_o honey_n pure_a than_o that_o either_o of_o lithuania_n or_o livonia_n and_o breed_v horse_n which_o be_v very_o much_o admire_v for_o their_o swiftness_n the_o ordinary_a people_n here_o live_v in_o people_n cottage_n for_o the_o most_o part_n seat_v near_o lake_n or_o river_n and_o cover_v either_o with_o thatch_n or_o board_n they_o plough_v the_o ground_n not_o with_o iron_n but_o wood_n though_o the_o soil_n be_v most_o common_o fat_a and_o stiff_a which_o custom_n they_o be_v addict_v to_o even_o to_o superstition_n for_o when_o a_o certain_a starosta_n of_o that_o country_n think_v to_o introduce_v iron_n plowshare_n among_o they_o and_o the_o season_n not_o happen_v to_o prove_v as_o kind_a as_o usual_a they_o attribute_v all_o the_o cause_n to_o this_o change_n of_o instrument_n whereupon_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o return_v to_o their_o old_a way_n for_o fear_n of_o a_o insurrection_n their_o horse_n be_v general_o so_o small_a that_o one_o will_v wonder_v how_o they_o can_v undergo_v the_o fatigue_n they_o put_v they_o to_o most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o country_n differ_v little_a in_o manner_n habit_n or_o language_n from_o the_o lithuanian_n yet_o some_o of_o they_o still_o retain_v several_a idolatrous_a worship_n especial_o superstition_n in_o the_o desert_n where_o they_o pay_v devotion_n to_o a_o fourfooted_a serpent_n under_o the_o name_n of_o givosit_n and_o you_o will_v hardly_o find_v a_o family_n in_o these_o part_n without_o one_o of_o these_o household_n go_n nay_o even_o at_o this_o day_n in_o many_o village_n both_o of_o prussia_n and_o lithuania_n the_o poor_a peasant_n although_o they_o profess_v christianity_n yet_o keep_v adder_n in_o their_o house_n to_o which_o they_o pay_v a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a veneration_n imagine_v that_o some_o great_a mischief_n will_v befall_v they_o if_o these_o idol_n shall_v come_v to_o any_o harm_n to_o be_v more_o particular_a with_o this_o country_n your_o lordship_n may_v understand_v that_o their_o house_n except_o only_o those_o of_o the_o gentry_n be_v build_v low_a and_o long-way_n with_o a_o hearth_n in_o the_o middle_n and_o but_o one_o room_n which_o serve_v not_o only_o for_o themselves_o but_o their_o cattle_n the_o better_a sort_n drink_v out_o of_o horn_n cup_n and_o eat_v out_o of_o wooden_a platter_n the_o honey_n here_o be_v extraordinary_a have_v but_o little_a wax_n and_o some_o of_o it_o be_v perfect_o white_a with_o which_o the_o wood_n be_v every_o where_o almost_o line_v sacrifice_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o pagan_a sacrifice_n and_o feast_n in_o samogitia_n keep_v at_o this_o day_n about_o the_o end_n of_o october_n be_v as_o follow_v first_o the_o place_n of_o meeting_n be_v assign_v the_o man_n with_o their_o wife_n child_n and_o servant_n punctual_o appear_v thereat_o when_o spread_v a_o cloth_n upon_o the_o straw_n several_a loaf_n be_v set_v in_o due_a order_n and_o between_o each_o loaf_n a_o large_a pot_n of_o beer_n then_o beast_n of_o divers_a kind_n both_o male_a and_o female_a be_v bring_v in_o and_o sacrifice_v after_o the_o ancient_a custom_n thus_o first_o the_o augur_n or_o priest_n after_o have_v mumble_v over_o some_o few_o word_n strike_v they_o with_o a_o wand_n he_o hold_v in_o his_o hand_n on_o the_o back_n belly_n etc._n etc._n when_o all_o that_o be_v present_a likewise_o follow_v his_o example_n cry_v out_o o_o zimiennick_n for_o so_o they_o call_v their_o god_n these_o offering_n we_o make_v to_o thou_o for_o protect_v we_o so_o merciful_o hitherto_o and_o we_o most_o humble_o implore_v thou_o to_o have_v the_o like_a compassion_n on_o we_o for_o the_o future_a as_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o fire_n sword_n pestilence_n and_o our_o enemy_n which_o say_v they_o immediate_o fall_v to_o but_o first_o cut_v off_o a_o bit_n from_o every_o plate_n and_o throw_v they_o about_o the_o room_n cry_v o_o zimiennick_n gracious_o partake_v of_o our_o sacrifice_n and_o favour_v thy_o adorer_n after_o
1267_o endeavour_v to_o subdue_v russia_n he_o be_v circumvent_v by_o leo_n duke_n thereof_o who_o build_v leopol_n and_o slay_v in_o the_o monastery_n of_o wrowsko_n lithuania_n with_o he_o the_o family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n be_v extinct_a vtenus_n or_o vcienus_n utenus_fw-la descend_v from_o the_o kitauri_fw-la prince_n in_o that_o country_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v first_o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v have_v divers_a war_n with_o the_o russian_n and_o prussian_n die_v and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n swintorohus_n swintorohus_n who_o reign_v but_o little_a though_o very_o well_o died_z and_o leave_v behind_o he_o his_o son_n germontus_n germontus_n who_o rule_v also_o a_o very_a little_a while_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n trahus_n trahus_o who_o govern_v well_o both_o in_o war_n and_o peace_n for_o some_o time_n and_o build_v a_o town_n and_o castle_n after_o his_o own_o name_n this_o great_a duke_n leave_v behind_o he_o five_o legitimate_a child_n viz._n narimundus_n dowmantus_n holsanus_fw-la giedrutus_n and_o troidenus_n who_o all_o separately_z succeed_v their_o father_n in_o his_o dominion_n narimundus_n narimundus_n the_o elder_a have_v for_o his_o part_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n with_o samogitia_n both_o which_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o by_o the_o prerogative_n of_o his_o birth_n he_o translate_v the_o ducal_z seat_n from_o novogrodec_n to_o kiernow_n his_o first_o war_n be_v in_o conjunction_n with_o his_o brother_n upon_o poland_n russia_n masovia_n and_o prussia_n then_o he_o declare_v war_n against_o his_o brother_n dowmant_n for_o take_v away_o his_o wife_n who_o he_o soon_o recover_v and_o drive_v his_o brother_n out_o of_o his_o dominion_n who_o fly_v to_o the_o russian_n of_o polocz_n be_v universal_o receive_v for_o their_o prince_n this_o duke_n be_v record_v in_o the_o russian_a annal_n to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o inventor_n of_o the_o lithuanian_a arm_n which_o be_v in_o a_o field_n gules_a a_o person_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n sables_n ride_v full_a speed_n on_o a_o horse_n argent_fw-fr and_o flourish_v a_o sword_n over_o his_o head_n of_o the_o three_o to_o he_o succeed_v his_o brother_n troidenus_n but_o first_o a_o account_n of_o the_o other_o brother_n dowmant_n dowmant_n have_v for_o his_o share_n the_o district_n of_o cosnia_n where_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o vcian_n holsanus_fw-la holsanus_n the_o three_o brother_n be_v allot_v his_o division_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n towards_o the_o east_n giedrutus_n giedrutus_n or_o giedrotus_n the_o four_o brother_n build_v a_o castle_n upon_o a_o lake_n call_v it_o after_o his_o own_o name_n and_o where_o he_o fix_v the_o seat_n of_o his_o duchy_n who_o descendant_n be_v famous_a even_o to_o this_o day_n troidenus_n the_o five_o brother_n troidenus_n succeed_v narimundus_n in_o lithuania_n and_o samogitia_n who_o have_v gather_v together_o a_o army_n of_o about_o 30000_o man_n divide_v they_o into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o he_o send_v against_o masovia_n and_o the_o other_o two_o against_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n in_o prussia_n where_o have_v destroy_v divers_a town_n he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a booty_n of_o captive_n and_o cattle_n the_o same_o year_n cujavia_n be_v overrun_v by_o the_o lithuanian_n some_o small_a time_n after_o which_o dowmant_n prince_n of_o polocz_n be_v provoke_v to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n on_o his_o father_n throne_n hire_v three_o rustic_n to_o murder_v he_o as_o he_o go_v into_o a_o bath_n which_o they_o effect_v but_o dowmant_n march_v with_o a_o formidable_a army_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o lithuania_n be_v meet_v and_o vanquish_v by_o rimunt_fw-la rimunt_fw-la son_n to_o troidenus_n who_o thereupon_o succeed_v his_o father_n for_o a_o while_n but_o afterward_o call_v a_o diet_n at_o kiernow_n he_o public_o renounce_v his_o right_n and_o retire_v to_o a_o monastical_a life_n constitute_v 1281._o vithenes_n of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o kitauri_n descend_v of_o the_o roman_a prince_n great_a duke_n this_o prince_n be_v a_o person_n of_o a_o brave_a and_o warlike_a spirit_n wherefore_o rimunt_fw-la when_o it_o be_v demand_v of_o he_o why_o he_o put_v by_o the_o family_n of_o his_o uncle_n giedrutus_n and_o holsanus_n answer_v because_o there_o be_v none_o but_o child_n among_o they_o when_o a_o prince_n of_o lithuania_n ought_v to_o correspond_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o that_o country_n invent_v by_o his_o uncle_n narimund_n which_o be_v a_o warrior_n on_o horseback_n arm_v cap-a-pe_n and_o post_v to_o subdue_v his_o enemy_n this_o great_a duke_n vithenes_n begin_v his_o reign_n in_o the_o year_n 1281._o the_o year_n follow_v he_o invade_v the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n and_o continue_v destroy_v it_o for_o fifteen_o day_n together_o till_o at_o length_n lescus_n the_o black_a king_n of_o poland_n be_v animate_v thereto_o by_o a_o vision_n meet_v and_o fight_v he_o between_o the_o river_n narew_n and_o niemen_n where_o the_o latter_a gain_v a_o signal_n victory_n in_o testimony_n whereof_o he_o found_v a_o parochial_a church_n at_o lublin_n and_o dedicate_v it_o to_o st._n michael_n the_o archangel_n 1287._o in_o the_o year_n 1287_o the_o lithuanian_n prussian_n and_o samogitian_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o dobrina_n and_o surprise_v the_o capital_a city_n thereof_o on_o sunday_n when_o its_o inhabitant_n be_v busy_v at_o devotion_n kill_v and_o carry_v away_o great_a number_n of_o they_o into_o slavery_n 1289._o afterward_o in_o 1289_o the_o lithuanian_n to_o the_o number_n only_o of_o 8000_o invade_v a_o part_n of_o prussia_n burn_v kill_a and_o destroy_v wherever_o they_o come_v but_o before_o the_o country_n can_v make_v head_n against_o they_o they_o be_v retire_v with_o great_a spoil_n to_o requite_v which_o next_o year_n the_o prussian_n march_v into_o lithuania_n where_o they_o kill_v and_o take_v vast_a number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o likewise_o possess_v themselves_o under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o commendador_n of_o koningsberg_n of_o the_o strong_a castle_n merabde_v afterward_o memer_n great_a master_n of_o prussia_n enter_v lithuania_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n and_o entire_o destroy_v two_o district_n not_o long_o after_o this_o vithenes_n invade_v cujavia_n and_o burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n about_o bressici_fw-la and_o likewise_o carry_v away_o great_a number_n into_o captivity_n 1293._o in_o the_o year_n 1293_o conradus_n stange_n commendador_n of_o ragneta_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o mindog_n in_o lithuania_n which_o vithenes_n soon_o requite_v by_o enter_v prussia_n and_o destroy_v it_o eighty_o day_n together_o 1294._o afterward_o in_o 1294_o vithenes_n with_o a_o body_n only_o of_o 1800_o horse_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n surprise_v a_o great_a concourse_n of_o people_n meet_v in_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi whereof_o the_o great_a part_n he_o kill_v and_o the_o other_o consist_v chief_o of_o ecclesiastic_n he_o carry_v away_o for_o slave_n the_o church_n he_o robe_v and_o those_o that_o flee_v he_o stifle_v by_o fire_v all_o the_o house_n around_o they_o after_o which_o march_v about_o the_o country_n he_o drive_v away_o all_o their_o cattle_n but_o upon_o his_o return_n meet_v with_o casimir_n palatine_n of_o lanschet_fw-mi he_o be_v brave_o oppose_v for_o a_o while_n till_o number_n supply_v the_o defect_n of_o valour_n and_o he_o entire_o rout_v the_o christian_n near_o soâ—â—aczow_n which_o have_v effect_v he_o return_v peaceable_o into_o his_o country_n this_o vithenes_n have_v a_o master_n of_o the_o horse_n name_v gediminus_n who_o be_v of_o a_o haughty_a and_o ambitious_a temper_n conspire_v together_o with_o the_o great_a duchess_n to_o take_v away_o his_o master_n life_n which_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o bring_v about_o and_o have_v marry_v his_o princess_n he_o seize_v upon_o the_o crown_n 1300._o gedeminus_n become_v great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o year_n 1300_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o who_o reign_n the_o prussian_a and_o livonian_a knight_n have_v get_v together_o a_o numerous_a army_n invade_v samogitia_n which_o they_o soon_o overrun_v burn_v and_o destroy_v wherever_o they_o come_v and_o take_v the_o strong_a castle_n of_o kunossow_n by_o assault_n wherein_o they_o make_v prisoner_n the_o grand_a general_n of_o lithuania_n the_o year_n follow_v gedeminus_n to_o revenge_v these_o insupportable_a injury_n have_v raise_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n together_o with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o russian_n and_o tartar_n march_v direct_o against_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n when_o meet_v they_o near_o the_o river_n okmiena_n both_o army_n come_v to_o blow_n and_o so_o continue_v for_o several_a hour_n till_o at_o length_n the_o samogitian_n forsake_v the_o knight_n side_n come_v over_o to_o gedeminus_n who_o strength_n thereby_o be_v great_o augment_v as_o that_o of_o his_o enemy_n weaken_v he_o fall_v furious_o in_o among_o they_o and_o soon_o put_v
they_o to_o flight_n this_o victory_n be_v thus_o lucky_o obtain_v gedeminus_n prosecute_v it_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o prussia_n where_o he_o find_v nothing_o able_a to_o withstand_v he_o except_o only_o the_o two_o castle_n of_o ragneta_n and_o cilza_n but_o which_o nevertheless_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n afterward_o have_v make_v a_o miserable_a havoc_n in_o that_o country_n as_o also_o total_o regain_v his_o duchy_n of_o samogitia_n he_o return_v peaceable_o home_o 1304._o in_o the_o year_n 1304_o this_o great_a duke_n have_v a_o quarrel_n with_o some_o of_o the_o russian_a prince_n make_v great_a preparation_n against_o they_o when_o march_v forthwith_o into_o russia_n he_o first_o meet_v and_o fight_v vlodomirus_fw-la duke_n of_o volhynia_n who_o he_o slay_v and_o rout_v his_o whole_a army_n then_o he_o bend_v his_o force_n against_o leo_n duke_n of_o luceoria_n who_o he_o also_o vanquish_v and_o take_v his_o chief_a city_n lutzko_n both_o which_o prince_n be_v thus_o defeat_v make_v he_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o volhynia_n next_o spring_n be_v tire_v out_o with_o idleness_n he_o carry_v his_o arm_n against_o stanislaus_n duke_n of_o kiovia_n who_o he_o overthrow_v together_o with_o several_a prince_n his_o neighbour_n that_o come_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o this_o victory_n gedeminus_n be_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v proceed_v and_o take_v most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o russia_n when_o after_o have_v complete_v a_o glorious_a conquest_n he_o return_v triumphant_o into_o his_o own_o country_n afterward_o gedeminus_n go_v to_o hunt_v about_o five_o mile_n beyond_o the_o river_n wilia_n occasional_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o near_o a_o lake_n and_o a_o city_n name_v it_o troki_n whither_o he_o then_o translate_v build_v his_o court_n from_o kicrnow_n after_o this_o in_o the_o year_n 1305_o gedeminus_n go_v a_o hunt_v again_o towards_o the_o east_n after_o various_a fortune_n become_v great_o fatigue_v with_o that_o sport_n whereupon_o night_n draw_v on_o he_o be_v force_v to_o take_v up_o a_o lodging_n upon_o a_o mountain_n then_o call_v krzyunagora_n now_o turzagoria_n or_o lissa_n where_o soon_o fall_v asleep_a he_o dream_v that_o he_o see_v and_o hear_v roar_v a_o huge_a iron_n wolf_n which_o have_v above_o a_o hundred_o wolf_n of_o the_o same_o mettle_n in_o his_o belly_n which_o roar_v likewise_o after_o a_o amaze_a manner_n whereat_o be_v extreme_o fright_v he_o wake_v and_o next_o morning_n put_v this_o dream_n to_o his_o courtier_n to_o expound_v when_o every_o one_o have_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n a_o different_a way_n at_o last_o a_o pagan_a priest_n name_v ledzieiko_n say_v to_o have_v be_v find_v in_o a_o eagles_n nest_n who_o practice_n be_v to_o foretell_v futurity_n expound_v it_o thus_o the_o iron_n wolf_n quoth_v he_o denote_v a_o strong_a city_n and_o the_o other_o wolf_n in_o his_o belly_n a_o formidable_a multitude_n of_o inhabitant_n hereupon_o he_o immediate_o advise_v gedeminus_n to_o build_v a_o fortify_v city_n and_o castle_n there_o whence_o this_o priest_n come_v to_o have_v the_o name_n of_o radzivil_n that_o be_v a_o counsellor_n to_o build_v vilna_n from_o this_o person_n be_v family_n have_v descend_v a_o great_a many_o famous_a hero_n who_o have_v all_o sufficient_o distinguish_v themselves_o both_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n and_o war._n gedeminus_n be_v easy_o move_v by_o these_o persuasion_n forthwith_o erect_v two_o castle_n near_o that_o place_n one_o on_o a_o high_a hill_n and_o the_o other_o in_o build_v a_o plain_a add_v moreover_o a_o city_n call_v vilna_n from_o the_o river_n wilia_n run_v by_o it_o which_o be_v now_o very_o populous_a and_o capital_a of_o that_o great_a duchy_n to_o which_o city_n he_o not_o long_o after_o transfer_v his_o residence_n from_o troki_n 1306._o in_o 1306_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v have_v intelligence_n that_o the_o pole_n be_v lull_v in_o sloth_n and_o security_n march_v through_o wood_n and_o by-road_n into_o low_a poland_n where_o they_o burn_v and_o plunder_v kalisch_n with_o several_a other_o city_n and_o town_n kill_v the_o old_a people_n and_o child_n and_o carry_v the_o other_o away_o captive_a the_o same_o year_n henry_n de_fw-fr pleczko_n a_o saxon_a great_a master_n of_o the_o teutonic_n order_n in_o prussia_n surprise_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o gartin_n in_o samogitia_n and_o put_v all_o the_o lithuanian_n find_v therein_o to_o the_o sword_n they_o likewise_o proceed_v in_o this_o war_n by_o help_n of_o the_o german_n and_o after_o have_v total_o destroy_v the_o district_n of_o karsovin_n return_v with_o great_a number_n of_o spoil_n and_o captive_n into_o prussia_n 1307._o in_o 1307_o the_o lithuanian_n make_v a_o irruption_n into_o siradia_n and_o kalisch_n where_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o mischief_n they_o sudden_o return_v into_o their_o own_o country_n 1308._o in_o 1308_o olgerdus_n son_n of_o gedeminus_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o prussia_n where_o he_o make_v havoc_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n wherever_o he_o come_v carrying_z off_z likewise_o great_a booty_n these_o favour_n the_o lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n do_v frequent_o and_o alternative_o for_o one_o another_o within_o the_o space_n of_o few_o year_n in_o 1315_o the_o lithuanian_n surprise_v the_o territory_n 1315._o of_o dobrina_n where_o they_o make_v great_a devastation_n and_o likewise_o take_v the_o city_n of_o that_o name_n and_o burn_v and_o plunder_v it_o in_o 1322_o 1322._o they_o likewise_o enter_v livonia_n lay_v all_o waist_n for_o many_o mile_n together_o in_o the_o same_o year_n in_o wintertime_n david_n starosta_n of_o gartin_n not_o be_v discourage_v by_o cold_a destroy_v that_o country_n up_o as_o far_o as_o raval_n carry_v away_o great_a spoil_n and_o many_o prisoner_n afterward_o in_o the_o same_o winter_n they_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o memel_fw-la and_o also_o enter_v prussia_n and_o kill_v the_o comendador_n of_o capion_n in_o a_o set_a battle_n david_n of_o gartin_n likewise_o invade_v masovia_n at_o the_o same_o time_n and_o entire_o ruin_v a_o great_a many_o town_n and_o village_n 1323._o in_o 1323_o the_o lithuanian_n come_v clandestine_o upon_o dobrina_n again_o and_o do_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o damage_n there_o in_o the_o follow_a year_n the_o starosta_n of_o gartin_n enter_v masovia_n again_o near_o ploczko_n wherein_o he_o destroy_v and_o burn_v above_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o village_n thirty_o town_n and_o carry_v away_o about_o four_o thousand_o captive_n whilst_o another_o army_n make_v a_o descent_n upon_o livonia_n and_o serve_v that_o country_n after_o the_o like_a manner_n 1325._o in_o 1325_o ann_n daughter_n to_o gedeminus_n marry_v casimir_n son_n to_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o poland_n by_o which_o all_o that_o have_v be_v former_o take_v from_o the_o polander_n be_v restore_v and_o a_o peace_n conclude_v between_o those_o two_o nation_n afterward_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o fribourg_n belong_v to_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n in_o samogitia_n this_o great_a duke_n gedeminus_n receive_v a_o wound_n with_o a_o arrow_n which_o cost_v death_n he_o his_o life_n this_o prince_n have_v seven_o son_n viz._n montividus_fw-la narimundus_n olgerdus_n keijstutus_n koriatus_n jawnutus_n and_o lubartus_fw-la with_o some_o daughter_n one_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v as_o before_o among_o these_o son_n he_o divide_v his_o dominion_n while_o he_o live_v give_v to_o montividus_fw-la montividus_n his_o elder_a kyernow_n and_o slonim_n with_o the_o territory_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o narimundus_n narimundus_n his_o conquest_n and_o other_o acquisition_n in_o russia_n on_o olgerdus_fw-fr olgerdus_n he_o bestow_v krewo_n and_o all_o from_o thence_o to_o beresina_n to_o keijstutus_n keijstutus_n he_o give_v samogitia_n troki_n witebsko_n etc._n etc._n to_o koriatus_n koriatus_n the_o city_n of_o novogrodec_n with_o its_o territory_n but_o on_o his_o belove_a jawnutus_n jawnutus_n he_o confer_v the_o metropolis_n of_o lithuania_n vilna_n as_o also_o osmian_n and_o braslaw_n together_o with_o the_o supreme_a command_n over_o all_o his_o brother_n dominion_n lubartus_fw-la the_o young_a son_n lubartus_fw-la have_v no_o share_v with_o his_o brother_n because_o by_o his_o marriage_n with_o the_o duke_n of_o russia_n daughter_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n he_o have_v obtain_v the_o succession_n to_o that_o duchy_n among_o these_o brother_n olgerdus_n and_o keijstutus_n being_n most_o vex_v to_o see_v their_o young_a brother_n jawnutus_n so_o high_o promote_v conspire_v together_o after_o their_o father_n death_n to_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o vilna_n for_o the_o execution_n of_o which_o they_o fix_v a_o certain_a time_n but_o olgerdus_n happen_v then_o to_o be_v absent_a on_o some_o extraordinary_a occasion_n be_v force_v to_o fail_v of_o his_o appointment_n nevertheless_o keijstutus_n firm_o adhere_v to_o his_o vow_n resolve_v to_o accomplish_v the_o design_n alone_o and_o consequent_o march_v secret_o towards_o vilna_n surprise_v and_o take_v
play_v under_o the_o penthouse_n before_o the_o nunnery_n gate_n his_o age_n as_o well_o as_o i_o remember_v i_o guess_v to_o be_v about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o as_o soon_o as_o i_o come_v near_o he_o he_o leap_v towards_o i_o as_o if_o surprise_v and_o please_v with_o my_o habit._n first_o be_v catch_v one_o of_o my_o silver_n button_n in_o his_o hand_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o eagerness_n which_o he_o hold_v up_o to_o his_o nose_n to_o smell_v afterward_o he_o leap_v all_o of_o a_o sudden_a into_o a_o corner_n where_o he_o make_v a_o strange_a sort_n of_o noise_n not_o unlike_a to_o howl_v i_o go_v into_o the_o house_n where_o a_o maidservant_n inform_v i_o more_o particular_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o be_v take_v but_o have_v not_o with_o i_o the_o book_n wherein_o i_o write_v my_o observation_n in_o my_o travel_n i_o can_v possible_o give_v you_o a_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o this_o maid_n call_v the_o boy_n in_o and_o show_v he_o a_o good_a large_a piece_n of_o bread_n which_o when_o he_o see_v he_o immediate_o leap_v upon_o a_o bench_n that_o be_v join_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o room_n where_o he_o walk_v about_o upon_o all-four_a after_o which_o he_o raise_v himself_o upright_o with_o a_o great_a spring_n and_o take_v the_o bread_n in_o his_o two_o hand_n put_v it_o up_o to_o his_o nose_n and_o afterward_o leap_v off_o from_o the_o bench_n upon_o the_o ground_n make_v the_o same_o odd_a sort_n of_o noise_n as_o before_o i_o be_v tell_v that_o he_o be_v not_o yet_o bring_v to_o speak_v but_o that_o they_o hope_v in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o will_v have_v his_o hear_v good_a he_o have_v some_o scar_n on_o his_o face_n which_o be_v common_o think_v to_o be_v scratch_n of_o the_o bear_n thus_o sir_n you_o have_v all_o that_o i_o can_v remember_v of_o a_o curiosity_n which_o i_o see_v so_o long_a time_n since_o the_o truth_n of_o which_o no_o body_n ought_v to_o question_v since_o there_o be_v several_a parallel_n example_n in_o history_n 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wood_n near_o grodna_n one_o of_o which_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o see_v the_o bear_v assault_v flee_v into_o the_o neighbour_a morass_n whilst_o the_o other_o endeavour_v likewise_o to_o escape_v be_v take_v by_o the_o soldier_n and_o bring_v to_o warsaw_n where_o he_o be_v afterward_o christen_v by_o the_o name_n of_o joseph_n he_o be_v about_o twelve_o or_o thirteen_o year_n old_a as_o may_v be_v guest_n by_o his_o height_n but_o his_o manner_n be_v altogether_o bestial_a for_o he_o not_o only_o feed_v upon_o raw_a flesh_n wild_a honey_n crab-apple_n and_o such_o like_a dainty_n which_o bear_n be_v use_v to_o feast_v with_o but_o also_o go_v like_o they_o upon_o all-four_a after_o his_o baptism_n he_o be_v not_o teach_v to_o go_v upright_o without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o difficulty_n and_o there_o be_v less_o hope_n of_o ever_o make_v he_o learn_v the_o polish_v language_n for_o he_o always_o continue_v to_o express_v his_o mind_n in_o a_o kind_n of_o bear-like_o tone_n some_o time_n after_o king_n casimir_n make_v a_o present_a of_o he_o to_o peter_n adam_n opalinski_n vice-chamberlain_n of_o posnan_n by_o who_o he_o be_v employ_v in_o the_o office_n of_o his_o kitchen_n as_o to_o carry_v wood_n water_n etc._n etc._n but_o yet_o can_v he_o never_o be_v bring_v to_o relinquish_v his_o native_a wildness_n which_o he_o retain_v to_o his_o dying-day_n for_o he_o will_v often_o go_v into_o the_o wood_n among_o the_o bear_n and_o free_o keep_v company_n with_o they_o without_o any_o fear_n or_o harm_v do_v he_o be_v as_o be_v suppose_v constant_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o fosterling_n i_o may_v here_o sir_n give_v you_o several_a other_o account_n of_o this_o nature_n which_o i_o have_v relate_v to_o i_o when_o i_o be_v in_o poland_n and_o i_o be_o tell_v mr._n gibson_n a_o parliament-man_n have_v former_o see_v some_o other_o example_n of_o this_o kind_n in_o that_o kingdom_n but_o by_o what_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v i_o believe_v you_o will_v be_v sufficient_o convince_v that_o the_o history_n of_o romulus_n and_o remus_n be_v not_o so_o fabulous_a as_o it_o be_v general_o conjecture_v to_o be_v and_o as_o i_o think_v myself_o it_o be_v before_o i_o have_v be_v in_o this_o country_n for_o consider_v that_o brute_n since_o philosopher_n and_o divine_n will_v allow_v they_o no_o rational_a soul_n breed_v up_o their_o young_a mere_o out_o of_o a_o natural_a instinct_n or_o sympathy_n which_o i_o need_v not_o describe_v here_o i_o see_v no_o improbability_n why_o they_o may_v not_o likewise_o bring_v up_o those_o of_o another_o kind_a as_o we_o have_v several_a instance_n daily_o but_o i_o will_v not_o insist_v long_o upon_o these_o philosophical_a matter_n nor_o examine_v here_o whether_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n refute_v or_o establish_v innate_a idea_n as_o i_o have_v do_v in_o my_o medicina_fw-la mystica_fw-la but_o will_v conclude_v sir_n your_o very_a obedient_a servant_n b._n c._n a_o chronological_a table_n of_o the_o succession_n reign_v and_o death_n of_o the_o duke_n governor_n prince_n and_o king_n of_o poland_n together_o with_o a_o exact_a reference_n to_o the_o page_n where_o they_o be_v treat_v of_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr began_n his_o reign_n reign_v year_n dved_a a._n d._n pag._n i._o lechus_n i._o 550_o uncertain_a 10_o ii_o visimirus_n guagnini_n only_a mention_n iii_o xii_o woievod_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr depose_v 12_o iu._n cracus_n 700_o ib._n v._o lechus_n ii_o 13_o vi._n venda_n 750_o ib._n vii_o xii_o woievod_n depose_v 14_o viii_o lescus_n i._o 760_o 16_o 776_o ib._n ix_o lescus_n ii_o 776_o 28_o 804_o 16_o x._o lescus_n iii_o 804_o 6_o 810_o ib._n xi_o popiel_n i._o 810_o 5_o 815_o ib._n xii_o popiel_n ii_o 815_o 15_o 830_o ib._n xiii_o piastus_n 830_o 31_o 861_o 21_o fourteen_o ziemovitus_n 861_o 31_o 892_o 23_o xv._n lescus_n iu._n 892_o 21_o 913_o ib._n xvi_o ziemovistus_n 913_o 51_o 964_o ib._n xvii_o miecislaus_fw-la i._o 964_o 35_o 999_o 24_o xviii_o boleslaus_n chroby_n 999_o 26_o 1025_o 26_o xix_o miecislaus_fw-la ii_o 1025_o 9_o 1034_o ib._n xx._n casimir_n i._o 1034_o 25_o 1059_o 27_o xxi_o boleslaus_n ii_o 1059_o 23_o 1082_o 29_o xxii_o vladislaus_n hermannus_n 1082_o 21_o 1103_o 30_o xxiii_o boleslaus_n iii_o 1103_o 37_o 1140_o 31_o xxiv_o vladislaus_n sputator_n 1140_o 6_o 1146_o 33_o xxv_o boleslaus_n crispus_n 1146_o 28_o 1174_o 35_o xxvi_o miecislaus_fw-la iii_o 1174_o 4_o 1178_o 36_o xxvii_o casimir_n ii_o 1178_o 17_o 1195_o 37_o xxviii_o lescus_n v._o 1195_o 8_o 1203_o 39_o xxix_o vladislaus_n lasconogus_n 1203_o 3_o 1206_o 42_o  _fw-fr  _fw-fr began_n his_o reign_n reign_v year_n die_v a._n d._n pag._n xxx_o lescus_n v._o reestablish_v 1206_o 22_o 1228_o ib._n xxxi_o boleslaus_n v._o 1228_o 51_o 1279_o 43_o xxxii_o lescus_n niger_n 1279_o 11_o
it_o a_o glutinous_a oily_a substance_n call_v seed_n in_o short_a after_o know_v man_n in_o himself_o i_o examine_v the_o natural_a way_n which_o he_o use_v to_o propagate_v his_o kind_a in_o beget_v another_o by_o way_n of_o generation_n man_n as_o i_o say_v before_o be_v make_v of_o two_o substance_n soul_n and_o body_n the_o soul_n preserve_v the_o body_n by_o reason_n and_o govern_v it_o by_o voluntary_a motion_n the_o body_n furnish_v the_o soul_n with_o idea_n of_o corporeal_a being_n the_o life_n of_o man_n be_v the_o correspondence_n between_o soul_n and_o body_n but_o the_o life_n of_o the_o body_n be_v the_o natural_a motion_n of_o the_o blood_n and_o splrit_n the_o cessation_n of_o which_o motion_n be_v death_n the_o solid_a part_n of_o the_o body_n have_v no_o motion_n or_o life_n of_o their_o own_o but_o such_o as_o they_o borrow_v from_o the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n the_o blood_n and_o spirit_n have_v none_o neither_o but_o such_o as_o they_o be_v allow_v by_o the_o general_a law_n of_o nature_n establish_v by_o a_o supreme_a be_v to_o maintain_v this_o mutual_a correspondence_n and_o dependence_n between_o soul_n and_o body_n all_o the_o organ_n spring_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o body_n must_v be_v in_o their_o due_a disposition_n for_o the_o death_n of_o the_o body_n be_v proper_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o disposition_n and_o not_o the_o separation_n of_o the_o soul_n as_o be_v common_o believe_v for_o the_o body_n be_v dead_a before_o the_o soul_n be_v go_v out_o of_o it_o and_o the_o go_v out_o of_o the_o soul_n be_v but_o the_o cessation_n of_o its_o correspondence_n with_o the_o body_n for_o want_v of_o motion_n in_o the_o latter_a this_o disposition_n be_v disorder_v or_o ruin_v by_o disease_n all_o which_o disease_n have_v their_o first_o seat_n in_o the_o blood_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v communicate_v to_o the_o solid_a part_n and_o the_o solid_a part_n be_v affect_v they_o reciprocal_o insect_v the_o blood_n but_o though_o the_o blood_n be_v never_o infect_v and_o man_n never_o sick_a yet_o he_o shall_v die_v of_o course_n by_o the_o relaxation_n and_o attrition_n of_o his_o solid_a part_n from_o the_o long_a and_o continual_a circulation_n of_o the_o humour_n through_o they_o which_o we_o call_v old_a age._n as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la or_o the_o account_n i_o have_v give_v of_o the_o virtue_n and_o due_a application_n of_o inward_a medicine_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o physic_n i_o shall_v likewise_o give_v you_o a_o series_n of_o the_o different_a subject_n i_o treat_v of_o as_o i_o have_v in_o my_o plan_n of_o the_o animal_n oeconomy_n but_o find_v it_o too_o tedious_a and_o needless_a i_o will_v only_o mention_v in_o general_n that_o all_o inward_a disease_n have_v their_o first_o seat_n in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n that_o they_o be_v cause_v by_o a_o ferment_n or_o matter_n hide_v in_o it_o which_o derive_v its_o origin_n from_o some_o outward_a cause_n that_o there_o be_v no_o specific_a medicine_n for_o any_o part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o for_o the_o head_n heart_n liver_n stomach_n spleen_n but_o that_o they_o must_v all_o operate_v upon_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n that_o consequent_o outward_a application_n can_v avail_v much_o for_o inward_a distemper_n that_o the_o medicine_n must_v be_v carry_v in_o a_o convenient_a vehicle_n through_o the_o blood_n to_o the_o place_n where_o the_o distemper_n lie_v and_o that_o then_o they_o either_o carry_v its_o cause_n out_o of_o the_o body_n by_o evacuation_n or_o change_v the_o nature_n of_o it_o within_o by_o alter_v the_o mass_n of_o blood_n i_o may_v therefore_o reasonable_o divide_v all_o the_o materia_fw-la medica_fw-la describe_v by_o so_o many_o voluminous_a author_n only_o into_o two_o class_n of_o medicine_n evacuate_v and_o alterate_v i_o do_v not_o so_o much_o talk_v of_o those_o remedy_n that_o evacuate_v only_o from_o some_o part_n of_o the_o body_n as_o bleed_v clyster_n leech_n issue_n blister_n seton_n gargles_n snush_o and_o the_o like_a for_o they_o can_v hardly_o ever_o cure_v any_o inward_a disease_n but_o of_o such_o as_o evacuate_v the_o morbific_a matter_n from_o the_o whole_a mass_n of_o blood_n by_o the_o five_o general_a way_n stool_n vomit_n urine_n sweat_v and_o salivation_n where_o without_o recur_v to_o occult_a or_o precarious_a quality_n i_o reduce_v to_o the_o principle_n of_o chemistry_n and_o reason_n the_o nature_n and_o operation_n of_o purgative_n emetic_n diuretic_n diaphoretic_n of_o antimony_n and_o mercury_n of_o venereal_a and_o other_o disease_n as_o likewise_o the_o nature_n and_o usefulness_n of_o bath_n and_o other_o mineral_n water_n i_o have_v likewise_o examine_v and_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v the_o nature_n and_o different_a effect_n of_o alterate_v medicament_n which_o operate_v in_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n without_o any_o evacuation_n such_o as_o sweeten_v the_o blood_n when_o sour_a that_o thin_a it_o when_o gross_a and_o thick_a that_o hasten_v it_o be_v too_o slow_a circulation_n that_o stop_v it_o be_v too_o rapid_a motion_n as_o in_o fever_n that_o cool_a the_o blood_n that_o heat_n it_o and_o raise_v the_o spirit_n as_o cordial_n that_o calm_a the_o spirit_n as_o narcotic_n that_o strengthen_v the_o tone_n of_o the_o part_n as_o styptics_n and_o astringent_n that_o open_a obstruction_n as_o aperitives_n here_o therefore_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o consider_v the_o virtue_n and_o operation_n of_o steel_n opium_n jesuit_n powder_n of_o alcalious_a and_o acid_n medicine_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a tribe_n of_o other_o alterate_n remedy_n it_o will_v sir_n be_v too_o prolix_a and_o needless_a to_o mention_v to_o you_o all_o that_o can_v be_v say_v in_o this_o nice_a and_o weighty_a subject_n which_o include_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o whole_a machine_n of_o the_o universe_n which_o require_v several_a year_n fervent_a application_n for_o any_o one_o to_o attain_v a_o tolerable_a knowledge_n of_o and_o which_o cost_v i_o some_o month_n labour_v to_o demonstrate_v at_o oxford_n what_o small_a insight_n i_o be_v think_v to_o have_v in_o it_o yet_o still_o i_o be_o not_o unwilling_a to_o comply_v with_o your_o desire_n and_o to_o spare_v some_o time_n from_o my_o other_o business_n here_o to_o communicate_v what_o i_o know_v of_o these_o matter_n to_o any_o person_n of_o both_o university_n or_o to_o such_o other_o ingenious_a gentleman_n as_o have_v a_o curiosity_n for_o thing_n of_o this_o nature_n and_o i_o shall_v take_v care_n that_o all_o be_v perform_v in_o such_o a_o decent_a and_o creditable_a manner_n as_o may_v be_v for_o the_o benefit_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o other_o as_o well_o as_o my_o own_o particular_a reputation_n for_o not_o only_o my_o duty_n but_o likewise_o the_o usefulness_n and_o agreeableness_n of_o my_o profession_n though_o in_o itself_o very_o abstruse_a and_o difficult_a incline_v i_o natural_o to_o improve_v it_o as_o much_o as_o i_o can_v and_o i_o hope_v i_o shall_v be_v able_a in_o few_o year_n to_o publish_v a_o latin_a treatise_n of_o the_o principle_n of_o physic_n and_o of_o the_o oeconomia_fw-la animal_n which_o perhaps_o then_o will_v give_v you_o and_o the_o public_a more_o satisfaction_n than_o they_o or_o yourself_o can_v at_o present_a expect_v from_o from_o bow-street_n in_o covent-garden_n london_n nou._n 2._o 1695._o sir_n your_o very_a obedient_a servant_n b._n connor_n a_o letter_n to_o james_n tyrrel_n esq_n from_o dr._n connor_n fellow_n of_o the_o royal_a society_n contain_v a_o further_a explanation_n and_o vindication_n of_o the_o plan_n of_o the_o animal_n oeconomy_n or_o of_o the_o chemical_a and_o anatomical_a method_n for_o understand_v the_o fabric_n spring_n temper_n and_o disease_n of_o the_o human_a body_n sir_n it_o be_v upon_o all_o hand_n acknowledge_v that_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o worth_n be_v of_o great_a benefit_n towards_o acquire_v not_o only_o the_o knowledge_n of_o man_n and_o manner_n but_o of_o nature_n too_o but_o of_o all_o the_o advantage_n to_o be_v reap_v from_o their_o conversation_n that_o of_o correct_v our_o prejudices_fw-la or_o mistake_v and_o of_o set_v we_o in_o the_o right_a way_n be_v the_o most_o valuable_a i_o shall_v be_v too_o disingenuous_a sir_n if_o i_o shall_v not_o concur_v with_o the_o public_a in_o just_o allow_v you_o to_o be_v as_o discern_v a_o judge_n as_o you_o be_v a_o true_a friend_n the_o world_n be_v convince_v of_o the_o first_o by_o your_o show_a yourself_o so_o great_a a_o master_n as_o well_o of_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o nation_n as_o of_o those_o of_o your_o own_o country_n and_o none_o that_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o know_v you_o can_v be_v ignorant_a of_o your_o sincerity_n aâ—â—d_v zeal_n in_o correct_v the_o error_n and_o oversight_n of_o your_o friend_n to_o who_o then_o shall_v i_o more_o allowable_o communicate_v