honi_fw-fr soit_fw-fr qvi_fw-fr mal_fw-fr y_fw-fr pense_fw-fr carolus_n secundus_fw-la dei_fw-la gratia_n angl_n scotiae_fw-la francia_fw-la et_fw-la hiberniae_fw-la rex_fw-la fide_fw-la defensor_fw-la etc._z f._n h._n van_n hove_n sculp_v patriarcha_fw-la non_fw-la monarcha_fw-la the_o patriarch_n unmonarch_v be_v observation_n on_o a_o late_a treatise_n and_o divers_a other_o miscellany_n publish_v under_o the_o name_n of_o sir_n robert_n filmer_n baronet_n in_o which_o the_o falseness_n of_o those_o opinion_n that_o will_v make_v monarchy_n jure_fw-la divino_fw-la be_v lay_v open_a and_o the_o true_a principle_n of_o government_n and_o property_n especial_o in_o our_o kingdom_n assert_v by_o a_o lover_n of_o truth_n and_o of_o his_o country_n london_n print_v for_o richard_n janeway_n in_o queens-head-alley_n in_o pater-noster-row_n 1681._o the_o preface_n to_o the_o reader_n it_o may_v not_o be_v unknown_a to_o those_o that_o have_v be_v conversant_a in_o book_n and_o pamphlet_n 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chargeable_a by_o any_o act_n or_o alienable_a by_o the_o testament_n of_o the_o king_n in_o be_v so_o that_o then_o king_n john_n have_v power_n to_o make_v this_o kingdom_n feudatary_a and_o tributory_a to_o the_o pope_n and_o so_o the_o pope_n have_v still_o a_o good_a title_n to_o it_o and_o since_o religion_n with_o these_o gentleman_n diminish_v nothing_o from_o the_o right_n and_o absoluteness_n of_o monarchy_n the_o same_o king_n may_v have_v make_v over_o his_o kingdom_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o morocco_n as_o the_o historian_n of_o those_o time_n relate_v he_o will_v and_o so_o the_o sarracen_n prince_n may_v have_v enter_v upon_o the_o non-performance_n of_o the_o condition_n and_o have_v turn_v out_o his_o vassal_n and_o be_v king_n here_o himself_o which_o opinion_n how_o contrary_a it_o be_v to_o the_o notion_n which_o king_n themselves_o have_v of_o the_o right_a to_o dispose_v of_o their_o kingdom_n let_v any_o man_n consult_v matthew_n paris_n and_o he_o will_v see_v there_o what_o philip_n agustus_n among_o other_o thing_n tell_v wallo_n the_o pope_n legate_n 280._o anno_fw-la 1216._o p._n 280._o that_o no_o king_n can_v give_v away_o his_o kingdom_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o his_o baron_n who_o be_v oblige_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o all_o the_o nobility_n there_o present_a begin_v to_o cry_v out_o at_o once_o that_o they_o will_v assert_v this_o privilege_n till_o death_n that_o no_o king_n or_o brince_n can_v by_o his_o sole_a will_n give_v away_o his_o kingdom_n or_o make_v it_o tributary_n by_o which_o the_o noble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n may_v become_v slave_n nor_o do_v the_o english_a nobility_n think_v otherwise_o since_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o take_a arm_n against_o king_n john_n 666._o matt._n paris_n 1245._o p._n 659._o 666._o and_o afterward_o in_o his_o
reason_n and_o a_o sense_n oâ—_n their_o present_a appetite_n or_o desire_n yet_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o judgement_n of_o the_o reason_n or_o consequence_n of_o action_n be_v not_o to_o be_v reckon_v in_o the_o rank_n of_o rational_a creature_n so_o that_o it_o be_v evident_a that_o god_n intend_v occupancy_n or_o possession_n shall_v concern_v a_o right_a among_o man_n to_o thing_n that_o be_v before_o in_o common_a 〈◊〉_d yet_o so_o that_o this_o occupancy_n do_v not_o give_v a_o man_n a_o right_n to_o more_o than_o be_v real_o necessary_a and_o which_o he_o can_v apply_v to_o the_o necessity_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n 〈◊〉_d therefore_o this_o natural_a propriety_n in_o thing_n much_o less_o that_o which_o be_v introduce_v by_o law_n or_o common_a consent_n can_v exclude_v that_o natural_a right_n every_o man_n have_v to_o his_o own_o preservation_n and_o the_o mean_n thereof_o so_o that_o no_o man_n can_v be_v oblige_v in_o conscience_n or_o commit_v a_o sin_n if_o in_o a_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n even_o ready_a to_o perish_v he_o make_v use_v of_o some_o of_o the_o superfluous_a necessary_n of_o life_n which_o another_o man_n may_v have_v lay_v by_o for_o the_o future_a use_n of_o himself_o and_o family_n and_o that_o be_v without_o his_o consent_n if_o it_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v obtain_v 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o thing_n the_o necessitous_a person_n take_v be_v not_o â—…mediately_o necessary_a for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o life_n of_o the_o possessor_n and_o his_o family_n for_o in_o this_o case_n this_o necessity_n be_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o all_o other_o therefore_o this_o right_n of_o self_n preservation_n be_v still_o suppose_a in_o all_o humane_a compact_n or_o law_n about_o the_o division_n and_o distribution_n of_o thing_n so_o that_o when_o our_o own_o and_o all_o other_o law_n be_v so_o favourable_a that_o they_o do_v not_o esteem_v those_o guilty_a of_o theft_n that_o take_v only_a victual_n in_o case_n of_o extreme_a necessity_n though_o without_o the_o owner_n consent_n and_o though_o the_o person_n that_o take_v they_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o he_o can_v make_v satisfaction_n for_o what_o he_o have_v so_o take_v it_o be_v sufficient_a that_o he_o be_v suppose_v willing_a to_o do_v it_o if_o ever_o he_o come_v to_o be_v able_a so_o likewise_o since_o the_o earth_n be_v first_o people_v by_o distinct_a family_n or_o company_n of_o man_n all_o of_o who_o have_v a_o right_a to_o the_o necessity_n of_o life_n which_o be_v indeed_o no_o other_o than_o the_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n these_o come_v to_o inhabit_v such_o and_o such_o tract_n of_o ground_n it_o be_v in_o their_o power_n either_o to_o live_v in_o common_a upon_o such_o thing_n as_o the_o earth_n produce_v of_o itself_o or_o else_o to_o divide_v to_o every_o man_n his_o share_n which_o another_o shall_v have_v no_o right_n in_o thus_o the_o indian_n in_o america_n as_o i_o say_v before_o have_v all_o the_o country_n in_o common_a among_o they_o except_o the_o cite_v of_o their_o house_n and_o garden_n but_o our_o planter_n rather_o choose_v to_o allot_v every_o man_n his_o share_n it_o be_v that_o which_o suit_v best_a with_o that_o way_n of_o life_n they_o have_v be_v use_v to_o in_o their_o own_o country_n and_o as_o they_o think_v will_n most_o conduce_v to_o their_o common_a peace_n and_o advantage_n not_o but_o that_o they_o may_v if_o they_o have_v please_v have_v occupy_v such_o a_o tract_n of_o land_n which_o those_o indian_n make_v no_o use_n of_o in_o common_a with_o they_o there_o be_v no_o more_o obligation_n upon_o they_o to_o come_v to_o a_o more_o distinct_a division_n than_o there_o do_v upon_o the_o indian_n themselves_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n after_o these_o planter_n have_v divide_v thiâ—â—occupied_a land_n into_o as_o many_o share_n as_o will_v serve_v tâ—…â—ecessities_n of_o each_o man_n family_n it_o be_v a_o injury_n not_o only_o in_o any_o of_o those_o that_o agree_v to_o this_o division_n but_o in_o any_o indian_a who_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o they_o that_o be_v have_v never_o declare_v any_o war_n to_o break_v up_o this_o enclosure_n or_o take_v away_o any_o thing_n that_o be_v there_o plant_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o owner_n for_o since_o the_o owner_n have_v possess_v himself_o of_o this_o land_n and_o bestow_v his_o labour_n and_o industry_n upon_o it_o and_o that_o the_o other_o have_v no_o right_a to_o any_o more_o of_o the_o product_n of_o the_o earth_n than_o that_o may_v serve_v for_o the_o subsistence_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o family_n and_o that_o there_o be_v more_o ground_n lose_v where_o he_o may_v procure_v himself_o the_o like_a necessary_n if_o he_o please_v he_o have_v no_o right_a to_o take_v away_o this_o land_n from_o the_o owner_n without_o his_o consent_n since_o he_o have_v the_o same_o right_n to_o this_o field_n as_o the_o other_o have_v to_o his_o cottage_n or_o garden_n and_o if_o such_o a_o occupancy_n will_v not_o create_v a_o propriety_n certain_o all_o the_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n be_v in_o a_o ill_a condition_n for_o since_o none_o of_o they_o can_v now_o convey_v their_o title_n to_o the_o country_n they_o possess_v from_o any_o one_o of_o noah_n son_n if_o occupancy_n or_o possession_n be_v no_o good_a title_n than_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n may_v upon_o the_o author_n own_o principle_n come_v in_o for_o a_o share_n wherever_o they_o please_v for_o certain_o all_o the_o land_n that_o then_o remain_v undiscovered_a which_o can_v not_o be_v less_o than_o two_o part_n of_o three_o and_o consequent_o undivided_a among_o noah_n son_n must_v afterward_o fall_v either_o to_o the_o first_o occupier_n or_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o mankind_n must_v still_o have_v a_o right_n in_o it_o so_o there_o be_v no_o need_n either_o of_o suppose_v the_o original_n of_o property_n to_o have_v proceed_v from_o noah_n and_o his_o son_n or_o else_o from_o the_o common_a consent_n of_o all_o mankind_n at_o once_o since_o no_o man_n have_v a_o natural_a right_n to_o any_o more_o thing_n than_o he_o can_v make_v use_n of_o nor_o any_o right_n at_o all_o to_o those_o he_o have_v no_o need_n of_o nor_o have_v actua_o seize_v for_o his_o own_o use_n this_o be_v i_o hope_v thus_o far_o clear_v i_o will_v not_o take_v upon_o i_o to_o maintain_v what_o grotius_n assert_n that_o after_o property_n be_v once_o introduce_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o use_v community_n since_o neither_o community_n nor_o property_n be_v by_o the_o absolute_a law_n of_o nature_n god_n have_v bestow_v the_o fruit_n of_o the_o earth_n on_o the_o son_n of_o man_n for_o their_o use_n but_o as_o for_o manner_n of_o use_v they_o whether_o in_o propriety_n or_o in_o common_a he_o leave_v it_o to_o the_o discretion_n of_o those_o several_a parcel_n of_o mankind_n who_o agree_v to_o live_v together_o in_o civil_a society_n or_o commonwealth_n as_o it_o may_v either_o way_n conduce_v to_o their_o particular_a way_n of_o live_v or_o common_a safety_n and_o interest_n for_o as_o where_o a_o country_n be_v thin_o people_v and_o produce_v all_o the_o necessary_n for_o life_n only_o by_o the_o labour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o hunt_v fish_v and_o the_o like_a employment_n of_o that_o life_n which_o we_o call_v barbarous_a because_o it_o do_v not_o exercise_v itself_o in_o day_n labour_n and_o that_o the_o people_n do_v neither_o need_v nor_o desire_v those_o superfluous_a thing_n that_o other_o do_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o enclose_v or_o appropriate_v any_o more_o land_n than_o they_o real_o make_v use_v of_o more_o be_v but_o a_o burden_n to_o they_o so_o likewise_o where_o the_o people_n be_v more_o than_o the_o country_n can_v well_o maintain_v from_o its_o own_o product_n there_o will_v present_o arise_v a_o necessity_n of_o division_n of_o land_n in_o the_o first_o place_n and_o of_o trade_n abroad_o in_o the_o next_o or_o else_o the_o people_n must_v either_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o their_o neighbour_n territory_n or_o live_v by_o rob_v or_o play_v the_o pirate_n upon_o their_o neighbour_n as_o appear_v by_o tartar_n arab_n and_o algerines_n and_o consequent_o when_o a_o country_n be_v once_o divide_v and_o a_o great_a many_o be_v without_o any_o share_n of_o land_n there_o must_v bâ—_n law_n make_v to_o maintain_v this_o propriety_n and_o punishment_n ordain_v for_o they_o that_o disturb_v it_o and_o this_o iâ—_n the_o true_a reason_n why_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n for_o a_o division_n of_o land_n in_o holland_n but_o not_o so_o in_o surinam_n the_o nature_n and_o original_n of_o propriety_n be_v thus_o lay_v open_a the_o other_o small_a objection_n against_o this_o primitive_a community_n which_o some_o man_n draw_v out_o of_o
although_o it_o look_v fine_a yet_o examine_v to_o the_o bottom_n signify_v little_a for_o it_o be_v not_o true_a that_o every_o the_o least_o transgression_n of_o the_o bound_n of_o law_n be_v a_o subversion_n of_o the_o government_n itself_o since_o if_o do_v perhaps_o only_o to_o one_o or_o a_o few_o person_n it_o do_v not_o follow_v that_o therefore_o it_o must_v be_v a_o lead_a case_n and_o so_o bring_v on_o a_o prescription_n against_o public_a liberty_n in_o all_o case_n neither_o do_v the_o subject_n bear_v with_o it_o not_o contribute_v otherwise_o then_o accidental_o to_o this_o breach_n of_o liberty_n since_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o bear_v it_o not_o because_o it_o be_v just_a but_o because_o he_o either_o may_v hope_v to_o have_v redress_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o law_n or_o else_o by_o petition_v the_o assembly_n of_o estate_n when_o they_o meet_v who_o be_v partly_o ordain_v on_o purpose_n to_o remonstrate_v the_o grievance_n of_o subject_n to_o their_o prince_n and_o thereupon_o to_o have_v they_o redress_v nor_o be_v this_o limit_a monarch_n as_o the_o author_n will_v infer_v less_o oblige_v to_o govern_v according_a to_o law_n in_o small_a or_o private_a matter_n then_o in_o great_a and_o public_a one_o only_o in_o many_o small_a matter_n prince_n or_o their_o officer_n may_v through_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n sometime_o transgress_v the_o true_a bound_n of_o law_n which_o they_o will_v not_o do_v perhaps_o if_o they_o be_v better_o inform_v and_o so_o likewise_o if_o the_o subject_n bear_v it_o it_o be_v not_o from_o the_o legality_n of_o the_o act_n but_o from_o this_o great_a maxim_n in_o law_n and_o reason_n that_o a_o mischief_n to_o some_o private_a man_n be_v better_a than_o a_o inconvenience_n in_o give_v every_o private_a person_n power_n that_o think_v himself_o injure_v by_o the_o prince_n or_o his_o officer_n to_o be_v his_o own_o judge_n and_o right_v himself_o by_o force_n since_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o great_a duty_n of_o every_o good_a subject_n of_o endeavour_v to_o preserve_v the_o common_a peace_n and_o happiness_n of_o his_o country_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v prefer_v before_o any_o private_a man_n interest_n so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n if_o the_o oppression_n or_o breach_n of_o law_n be_v general_a and_o extend_v to_o all_o the_o people_n alike_o if_o the_o reason_n of_o the_o case_n alter_v why_o may_v not_o the_o practicedo_fw-la so_o too_o '_o but_o mr._n h._n give_v we_o another_o remedy_n in_o this_o case_n that_o if_o the_o monarch_n act_n of_o exorbitancy_n or_o transgression_n be_v mortal_a and_o such_o as_o suffer_v dissolve_v the_o frame_n of_o the_o government_n and_o public_a liberty_n than_o the_o illegality_n be_v to_o be_v lay_v open_a and_o redressment_n seek_v by_o petition_n which_o be_v true_a for_o a_o appeal_n to_o the_o law_n from_o the_o violence_n of_o subordinate_a minister_n be_v real_o a_o petition_n for_o justice_n to_o the_o king_n himself_o who_o be_v by_o the_o law_n suppose_v present_a in_o the_o person_n of_o his_o judge_n that_o represent_v he_o and_o this_o the_o author_n himself_o in_o a_o better_a humour_n do_v confess_v in_o his_o patriarcha_fw-la p._n 93._o the_o people_n have_v the_o law_n as_o a_o familiar_a interpreter_n of_o the_o king_n pleasure_n which_o be_v publish_v throughout_o the_o kingdom_n do_v represent_v the_o presence_n and_o majesty_n of_o the_o king_n also_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v restrain_v by_o the_o common_a rule_n of_o law_n from_o use_v their_o own_o liberty_n to_o the_o injury_n of_o other_o since_o they_o be_v to_o judge_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o not_o to_o follow_v their_o own_o opinion_n and_o because_o it_o may_v so_o happen_v that_o the_o king_n may_v be_v sometime_o surprise_v or_o importune_v to_o write_v order_n or_o letter_n to_o the_o judge_n to_o direct_v they_o to_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n the_o king_n himself_o in_o parliament_n have_v declare_v 3._o see_v the_o oath_n of_o the_o justice_n 18._o e._n 3._o what_o oath_n these_o justice_n shall_v take_v when_o they_o be_v admit_v into_o their_o office_n where_o among_o other_o thing_n they_o swear_v thus_o and_o that_o you_o deny_v no_o man_n common_a right_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n nor_o none_o other_o man_n nor_o for_o none_o other_o cause_n and_o in_o case_n such_o letter_n do_v come_v to_o you_o contrary_a to_o the_o law_n that_o you_o do_v nothing_o by_o such_o letter_n but_o certify_v the_o king_n thereof_o and_o proceed_v to_o execute_v the_o law_n notwithstanding_o the_o same_o letter_n and_o conclude_v thus_o and_o in_o case_n you_o be_v from_o henceforth_o find_v in_o default_n in_o any_o of_o the_o point_n aforesaid_a you_o shall_v be_v at_o the_o king_n will_v of_o body_n land_n or_o good_n thereof_o to_o be_v do_v as_o shall_v please_v he_o as_o god_n help_v you_o etc._n etc._n and_o the_o lord_n chief-justice_n anderson_n and_o his_o fellow-justice_n in_o the_o common-plea_n who_o upon_o so_o great_a a_o point_n as_o cavendish_v case_n be_v 35_o el._n have_v consult_v with_o all_o the_o judge_n of_o england_n deliver_v their_o opinion_n solemn_o in_o write_v that_o the_o queen_n be_v oblige_v by_o her_o coronation-oath_n to_o keep_v the_o law_n and_o if_o they_o shall_v not_o likewise_o observe_v they_o they_o be_v forswear_v anderson_n p._n 154_o 155._o which_o will_v of_o the_o king_n be_v suppose_v to_o be_v as_o well_o declare_v by_o the_o house_n of_o peer_n his_o supreme_a court_n of_o justice_n as_o by_o any_o other_o way_n see_v the_o judgement_n upon_o tresillian_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n 21_o rich._n 2._o and_o the_o impeachment_n of_o the_o house_n of_o commons_o against_o the_o judge_n that_o give_v their_o opinion_n contrary_a to_o law_n in_o the_o case_n of_o ship-money_n vide_fw-la the_o subsequent_a act_n of_o parliament_n 17_o car._n 1._o chap._n 14._o declare_v that_o upon_o the_o tax_n call_v shipmoney_n and_o the_o judgement_n entr._n 1_o h._n 7._o 4._o b._n the_o judicial_a opinion_n of_o the_o say_a justice_n and_o baron_n be_v and_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o this_o realm_n and_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o subject_n etc._n etc._n which_o if_o it_o be_v true_o observe_v there_o can_v never_o be_v any_o fear_n of_o a_o civil_a war_n or_o popular_a commotion_n since_o our_o law_n suppose_v the_o king_n can_v do_v no_o wrong_n that_o be_v in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o therefore_o sir_n john_n markham_n when_o chief_a justice_n tell_v king_n edward_n the_o four_o that_o the_o king_n can_v arrest_v any_o man_n himself_o for_o suspicion_n of_o treason_n or_o felony_n as_o other_o of_o his_o liege_n may_v for_o if_o it_o be_v a_o wrong_n to_o the_o party_n grieve_v he_o have_v no_o remedy_n therefore_o if_o any_o act_n or_o thing_n be_v do_v to_o the_o subject_a contrary_n to_o the_o law_n the_o judge_n and_o minister_n of_o justice_n be_v to_o be_v question_v and_o punish_v if_o the_o law_n be_v violate_v and_o no_o reflection_n make_v upon_o the_o king_n who_o be_v still_o suppose_a to_o do_v his_o subject_n right_o si_fw-mi factam_fw-la fuerit_fw-la injustum_fw-la say_v bracton_n per_fw-la inde_fw-la non_fw-la fuerit_fw-la factum_fw-la regis_fw-la and_o thus_o much_o will_v serve_v for_o a_o further_a answer_n to_o the_o author_n query_n before_o mention_v whether_o it_o be_v a_o sin_n for_o a_o subject_a to_o disobey_v the_o king_n if_o he_o command_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o his_o law_n since_o all_o the_o subject_n both_o great_a and_o small_a be_v suppose_v to_o know_v what_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o subject_n be_v as_o well_o as_o what_o be_v the_o prerogative_n of_o the_o crown_n nor_o be_v these_o reserve_a case_n so_o many_o or_o so_o difficult_a as_o the_o anthor_n will_v make_v we_o believe_v but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v easy_o understand_v without_o appeal_n to_o any_o other_o judge_n then_o the_o conscience_n of_o every_o honest_a man_n and_o though_o the_o king_n may_v for_o our_o common_a defence_n in_o time_n of_o war_n make_v bulwark_n upon_o another_o man_n land_n or_o command_v a_o house_n to_o be_v pull_v down_o if_o the_o next_o be_v on_o fire_n or_o the_o suburb_n of_o a_o city_n to_o be_v demolish_v in_o time_n of_o war_n to_o make_v it_o serviceable_a though_o man_n may_v justify_v their_o obedience_n in_o such_o case_n yet_o it_o be_v folly_n and_o madness_n from_o thence_o to_o argue_v that_o the_o king_n be_v as_o much_o to_o be_v obey_v if_o he_o command_v we_o to_o pull_v down_o a_o whole_a town_n for_o his_o diversion_n or_o to_o take_v away_o all_o man_n land_n or_o good_n at_o his_o pleasure_n since_o if_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o weak_a as_o to_o command_v it_o it_o be_v his_o unhappiness_n
confessor_n day_n since_o who_o time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v remain_v as_o it_o do_v in_o which_o passage_n the_o author_n have_v discover_v either_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n in_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o his_o country_n for_o first_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v a_o meeting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o wife_n term_v in_o latin_a conventus_fw-la magnatum_fw-la or_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la procerumque_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la collectorum_fw-la or_o in_o general_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o meeting_n may_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n be_v term_v parliament_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v there_o can_v be_v any_o parliament_n assemble_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v we_o before_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n i_o know_v not_o 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legatus_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelwolf_n &_o filiorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nomine_fw-la illorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la westsaxonum_fw-la istum_fw-la chirographum_fw-la regis_fw-la bertulphi_n plurimum_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la bertulphus_n rex_fw-la mericorum_fw-la palam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la which_o show_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n these_o mercian_n tributary_n king_n have_v a_o particular_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n without_o who_o consent_n as_o also_o of_o their_o paramount_n monarch_n they_o can_v not_o part_v with_o the_o land_n and_o royalty_n belong_v to_o their_o crown_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o author_n beorced_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 868_o confirm_v his_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o monastery_n at_o snotringham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la to_o which_o likewise_o his_o supreme_a monarch_n elthr_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n give_v his_o consent_n and_o subscribe_v after_o the_o bishop_n the_o like_a form_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pass_n of_o all_o the_o other_o charter_n to_o this_o monastery_n quote_v by_o the_o say_a author_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n then_o reign_v &_o in_o praesentia_fw-la archiepiscop_n episcop_n procerum_fw-la or_o optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la collectorum_fw-la and_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o supreme_a king_n or_o monarch_n there_o be_v also_o one_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o powerful_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n preside_v and_o in_o which_o they_o make_v their_o general_a ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o also_o civil_a law_n that_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n and_o to_o which_o person_n that_o have_v be_v grieve_v or_o wrong_v by_o their_o particular_a king_n appeal_v and_o be_v right_v and_o to_o this_o general_a wittena_n gemote_a that_o ancient_a writer_n will._n malmsbuny_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o england_n say_v be_v make_v per_fw-la generalem_fw-la senatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la conventum_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la therefore_o we_o find_v the_o first_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o clovesho_n 747._o anno_fw-la christ._n 747._o call_v by_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a king_n or_o monarch_n as_o they_o call_v he_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o at_o which_o be_v present_v the_o say_a king_n with_o all_o his_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n pontific_a malm._n de_fw-fr gest_n pontific_a as_o also_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o island_n but_o it_o more_o plain_o appear_v in_o the_o second_o council_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o place_n call_v by_o beornulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n who_o preside_v therein_o 332._o spelman_n council_n p._n 332._o you_o will_v find_v one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o person_n have_v be_v unjust_o deal_v with_o or_o unjust_o spoil_v or_o oppress_v whereupon_o wulfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n complain_v of_o the_o violence_n and_o avarice_n of_o kenwulf_n late_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n which_o beingful_o prove_v the_o say_a council_n order_v kenedrith_n the_o abbess_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n which_o be_v do_v according_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o say_a king_n see_v it_o at_o large_a in_o spelman_n council_n and_o mr._n somner_n that_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o glossary_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n 393._o spelman_n council_n pag._n 393._o that_o this_o be_v all_o one_o with_o a_o parliament_n synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o catchyck_a annol_n be_v confirm_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n then_o chief_a monarch_n of_o this_o island_n tam_fw-la rex_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la terrae_fw-la decreta_fw-la signo_fw-la cracis_n firmarunt_fw-la and_o further_o that_o each_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n have_v its_o particular_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemote_n appear_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n call_v by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o six_o year_n after_o his_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v call_v commine_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n and_o no_o doubt_n this_o custom_n come_v not_o in_o with_o christianity_n the_o clergy_n only_o here_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pogan_n priest_n who_o among_o the_o german_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o their_o common_a council_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tacitus_n 126._o see_v the_o passage_n before_o cite_v p._n spelman_n con._n pag._n 126._o so_o likewise_o the_o first_o law_n we_o have_v extant_a be_v make_v by_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n per_n common_a concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la
those_o thing_n that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n or_o against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o if_o he_o endeavour_v any_o such_o thing_n without_o doubt_n he_o transgress_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o power_n let_v we_o also_o consider_v the_o argument_n by_o which_o the_o same_o author_n in_o his_o de_n cive_z cap._n 6_o §_o 17._o endeavour_n to_o prove_v that_o all_o limitation_n of_o sovereign_a power_n be_v absolute_o vain_a he_o say_v that_o assembly_n which_o prescribe_v the_o law_n to_o the_o future_a king_n must_v have_v have_v absolute_a power_n either_o habitual_o or_o virtual_o if_o the_o assembly_n remain_v constant_o or_o adjourn_v their_o meeting_n from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o a_o certain_a day_n and_o place_n their_o power_n will_v be_v perpetual_a and_o so_o the_o king_n will_v not_o have_v the_o supreme_a power_n but_o will_v be_v only_o a_o bare_a magistrate_n which_o we_o grant_v to_o be_v true_a if_o that_o assembly_n can_v meet_v by_o its_o own_o right_a and_o decree_n of_o any_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o the_o king_n be_v liable_a to_o give_v they_o a_o account_n of_o his_o action_n but_o if_o it_o absolute_o dissolve_v itself_o unless_o the_o commonwealth_n be_v likewise_o dissolve_v there_o must_v in_o like_a manner_n a_o power_n be_v leave_v somewhere_o of_o punish_v those_o that_o transgress_v the_o law_n which_o without_o absolute_a power_n can_v be_v perform_v which_o be_v false_a as_o also_o the_o argument_n by_o which_o he_o will_v prove_v it_o for_o he_o who_o have_v grant_v he_o by_o right_n so_o much_o power_n that_o he_o can_v compel_v any_o of_o the_o subject_n by_o punishment_n have_v so_o great_a power_n that_o great_a can_v be_v confer_v by_o they_o but_o for_o all_o this_o whoever_o will_v but_o consider_v the_o end_n of_o all_o commonwealth_n and_o that_o those_o subject_n by_o the_o submission_n of_o their_o will_n and_o power_n do_v not_o immediate_o become_v senseless_a machine_n so_o that_o since_o they_o can_v grant_v the_o use_n of_o their_o unite_a force_n to_o another_o upon_o condition_n and_o be_v able_a to_o judge_n whether_o this_o condition_n be_v perform_v or_o not_o so_o they_o can_v likewise_o withdraw_v their_o force_n again_o upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o condition_n as_o likewise_o this_o be_v apparent_o false_a that_o there_o be_v no_o better_a provision_n against_o the_o abuse_n of_o authority_n when_o it_o be_v grant_v limit_v then_o when_o it_o be_v leave_v absolute_a for_o it_o be_v not_o who_o that_o he_o who_o have_v power_n enough_o to_o defend_v all_o men._n which_o all_o that_o be_v not_o fool_n will_v easy_o grant_v their_o prince_n as_o also_o power_n enough_o to_o destroy_v they_o the_o command_v of_o a_o general_n which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o make_v the_o soldier_n stout_a to_o venture_v their_o life_n against_o a_o enemy_n yet_o will_v be_v find_v of_o no_o force_n if_o he_o shall_v command_v they_o to_o draw_v their_o sword_n against_o each_o other_o so_o that_o prudent_a and_o worthy_a prince_n though_o absolute_a will_v comply_v with_o the_o genins_n of_o their_o subject_n and_o â—…t-times_n will_v be_v spare_v to_o urge_v they_o too_o far_o though_o for_o their_o own_o advantage_n when_o they_o can_v be_v compel_v to_o their_o duty_n without_o some_o hazard_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n but_o those_o subject_n be_v not_o less_o discreet_a who_o when_o they_o be_v satisfy_v what_o be_v not_o expedient_a for_o their_o commonwealth_n have_v provide_v by_o fundamental_a law_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v compel_v to_o it_o by_o their_o prince_n power_n so_o far_o speak_v the_o judicious_a mr._n pusendorf_n upon_o this_o subject_a which_o though_o somewhat_o prolix_a i_o have_v think_v fit_a to_o translate_v verbation_n because_o i_o will_v not_o be_v think_v by_o go_v about_o to_o contract_v it_o to_o put_v my_o own_o sense_n upon_o his_o word_n and_o beside_o i_o know_v no_o man_n that_o have_v write_v more_o clear_o of_o this_o subject_a in_o avoid_v on_o one_o side_n a_o absolute_a despotic_a monarchy_n without_o fall_v into_o that_o solacism_n in_o politic_n the_o division_n of_o the_o supreme_a power_n which_o he_o suppose_v true_o inconsistent_a with_o monarchy_n so_o that_o if_o the_o reader_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o what_o i_o have_v here_o write_v upon_o this_o subject_a i_o be_o sorry_a his_o understanding_n and_o i_o be_v not_o frame_v alike_o nor_o shall_v be_v angry_a with_o he_o if_o he_o like_o a_o absolute_a monarchy_n better_o than_o that_o we_o live_v under_o provide_v he_o will_v never_o act_n any_o thing_n to_o produce_v public_a disturbance_n or_o to_o introduce_v it_o either_o by_o force_n or_o fraud_n in_o this_o kingdom_n yet_o shall_v wish_v he_o no_o great_a prerogative_n then_o that_o of_o enjoy_v his_o own_o opinion_n without_o impose_v it_o upon_o other_o who_o be_v not_o yet_o weary_a of_o their_o estate_n and_o liberty_n which_o since_o the_o people_n of_o this_o nation_n be_v not_o yet_o weary_a of_o the_o world_n be_v wide_a enough_o and_o there_o be_v country_n where_o this_o which_o they_o admire_v as_o the_o primitive_a government_n of_o the_o world_n and_o that_o which_o they_o perhaps_o reverence_n as_o the_o primitive_a religion_n be_v practise_v in_o its_o full_a splendour_n and_o indeed_o be_v most_o suitable_a to_o each_o other_o all_o the_o hurt_n i_o wish_v those_o gentleman_n that_o they_o be_v all_o settle_a in_o any_o of_o they_o even_o which_o they_o like_o best_a whilst_o all_o plain_a heart_a englishman_n notwithstanding_o such_o subtle_a discourse_n as_o thofe_n of_o our_o author_n be_v resolve_v to_o return_v the_o same_o answer_n to_o they_o as_o the_o temporal_a lord_n do_v to_o the_o bishop_n long_o since_o upon_o another_o occasion_n nolumus_fw-la leges_fw-la angliae_fw-la mutari_fw-la of_o which_o i_o hope_v there_o be_v as_o little_a fear_n as_o there_o be_v or_o ever_o will_v be_v just_a occasion_n for_o it_o and_o so_o i_o shall_v quit_v my_o hand_n of_o this_o ungrateful_a task_n without_o trouble_v myself_o with_o his_o discourse_n of_o witch_n since_o his_o other_o writing_n sufficient_o assure_v we_o that_o whatever_o he_o be_v in_o other_o learning_n he_o be_v no_o witch_n in_o politic_n though_o he_o have_v read_v aristotle_n may_v perhaps_o be_v better_o read_v in_o the_o father_n and_o schoolman_n or_o civil-law_n than_o in_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n or_o those_o of_o his_o own_o country_n finis_fw-la errata_fw-la preface_n page_n 2._o l._n 14._o deal_n not_o l._n 18._o hy_o r._n by_o p._n 5._o r._n despise_v observe_v p._n 8._o l._n 32._o compore_fw-la r._n compare_v the_o p._n 15._o l._n 30._o of_o father_n r._n of_o a_o father_n l._n 31._o more_o true_a r._n more_o certain_a l._n 36._o to_o r._n thereto_o l._n 37._o deal_n without_o the_o help_n and_o assistance_n of_o other_o p._n 24._o l._n 24._o shall_v make_v r._n shall_v have_v l._n 26._o in_o r._n or_o in_o p._n 29._o l._n 16._o deal_n four_o p._n 32._o l._n 33._o d._n not_o p._n 37._o l._n 33._o for_o excellent_a pufendorf_n r._n mr._n pufendorf_n a_o late_a judicious_a writer_n p._n 40._o l._n 17_o d._n often_o p._n 42._o l_o 20._o d._n of_o p._n 43._o l._n 17._o ought_v quit_v r._n aught_o to_o pvit_fw-fr p._n 44._o l._n 10._o for_o a_o privilege_n r._n a_o liberty_n l._n 21._o and_o if_o r._n for_o if_o l._n ead_n have_v such_o r._n have_v only_o such_o l._n 31._o fatherly_a r._n or_o fatherly_a p._n 37._o 57_o l._n 28._o puzzle_n r._n distract_v p._n 67._o l._n 14._o require_v r._n acquire_v l._n 32._o as_o i_o r._n and_o p._n 70._o l._n 13._o d._n perhaps_o p._n 72._o l._n 25._o d._n good_n p._n 74._o l._n 5._o or_o at_o their_o own_o dispose_n include_v within_o a_o parenthesis_n p._n 77._o l._n 8._o upon_o r._n upon_o they_o p._n 83._o l._n 8._o on_o r._n than_o l._n 31._o r._n without_o any_o stop_n after_o legate_n l._n 32._o owe_v his_o r._n owe_v its_o p._n 86._o l._n 32._o the_o r._n those_o l._n 35._o change_v r._n charge_n p._n 87._o l._n 29._o it_o be_v r._n they_o be_v p._n 88_o l._n 20._o his_fw-la r._n this_o p._n 89._o l._n 6._o consting_a r._n consist_v p._n 90._o l._n 26._o r._n representative_a and_o d._n body_n p._n 92._o l._n 34._o many_o r._n so_o many_o p._n 93._o l._n 7._o but_o of_o r._n but_o part_n of_o l._n 13._o d._n from_o p._n 95._o l._n 16._o for_o a_o r._n but_o a_o l._n 24._o d._n hatred_n p._n 99_o l._n 7._o both_o of_o d._n both_o p._n 102._o l._n 3._o at_o man_n r._n a_o man_n p._n 107._o l._n 20._o law_n d._n s_o ead_n l._n 1._o d._n custom_n p._n 112._o l._n 32._o r._n misuse_v he_o p._n 113._o l._n 25._o most_o r._n many_o p._n 117._o l._n 30._o all_o