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another_o way_n and_o consequent_o in_o no_o good_a condition_n to_o help_v himself_o for_o have_v repent_v of_o all_o the_o indignity_n and_o stubborness_n he_o express_v against_o pope_n innocent_a at_o this_o time_n he_o receive_v penance_n at_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n to_o atone_v for_o all_o the_o severity_n he_o have_v practise_v against_o the_o church_n and_o to_o restore_v himself_o the_o more_o to_o his_o holiness_n favour_n he_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n tributary_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n to_o be_v hold_v of_o the_o pope_n in_o pay_v he_o the_o sum_n of_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a for_o ever_o and_o withal_o recall_v and_o restore_v to_o their_o former_a preferment_n and_o place_n all_o such_o as_o have_v be_v banish_v or_o have_v voluntary_o flee_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o strict_a adherence_n and_o submission_n to_o the_o pope_n of_o rome_n nor_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o next_o year_n king_n john_n with_o a.d._n 1215_o two_o of_o his_o nobility_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o derby_n be_v resolve_v upon_o a_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy-land_n but_o be_v unfortunate_o prevent_v of_o his_o journey_n by_o the_o rebellion_n of_o his_o baron_n which_o now_o break_v forth_o violent_o by_o reason_n that_o the_o king_n will_v not_o grant_v they_o some_o ancient_a law_n and_o privilege_n such_o as_o their_o forefather_n always_o enjoy_v therefore_o the_o baron_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v he_o to_o make_v what_o diversion_n he_o can_v on_o his_o part_n which_o they_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v on_o they_o and_o so_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n they_o appoint_v robert_n fitzwalter_n their_o general_n come_v to_o bedford_n they_o be_v honourable_o receive_v into_o the_o castle_n by_o william_n beauchamp_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o london_n they_o be_v
to_o gruffydh_fw-mi invite_v the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o come_v to_o invade_v theiâ—_n country_n and_o to_o correct_v the_o unnatural_a enmity_n theiâ—_n prince_n express_v to_o his_o brother_n but_o when_o all_o difference_n be_v over_o the_o king_n of_o england_n return_v with_o his_o army_n shameful_o back_o and_o the_o prince_n anâ—_n his_o nobility_n reconcile_v the_o welsh_a may_v have_v expect_v a_o very_a happy_a time_n of_o it_o have_v not_o death_n take_v the_o prince_n so_o unnatural_o away_o before_o he_o have_v well_o know_v what_o a_o peaceful_a reign_n be_v lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi â—rince_n david_n be_v dead_a the_o principality_n of_o 〈◊〉_d north_n wales_n legal_o descend_v to_o sir_n ralph_n morâ—â—â—er_n in_o right_a of_o his_o wife_n gladys_n daughter_n to_o â—â—â—welyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n but_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n beâ—â—â—_n assemble_v together_o for_o the_o elect_n and_o nominate_v a_o successor_n think_v it_o by_o no_o mean_n advisaâ—â—â—_n to_o admit_v a_o stranger_n to_o the_o crown_n though_o his_o â—â—de_n be_v never_o so_o lawful_a and_o especial_o a_o engâ—â—â—â—man_n by_o who_o obligation_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o engâ—â—â—d_n they_o must_v of_o necessity_n expect_v to_o become_v subâ—â—â—s_n or_o rather_o slave_n to_o the_o english_a government_n â—herefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o set_v up_o lheâ—â—â—yn_n and_o owen_n goch_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n a_o base_a 〈◊〉_d of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n â—â—vid_v who_o be_v send_v for_o and_o appear_v before_o the_o assembly_n all_o the_o noble_n and_o baron_n then_o present_a 〈◊〉_d they_o homage_n and_o receive_v they_o for_o their_o soâ—â—â—eigns_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v of_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n he_o â—â—ought_v the_o country_n be_v in_o a_o unsettled_a and_o waâ—â—ring_a condition_n he_o may_v effect_v great_a matter_n there_o use_v therefore_o he_o send_v one_o nicholas_n de_fw-fr miles_n to_o south-wales_a with_o the_o title_n of_o justice_n of_o that_o country_n â—â—th_v who_o he_o join_v in_o commission_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi â—â—ys_v gryc_a and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi 〈◊〉_d eject_v and_o disinherit_v maelgon_n fychan_n of_o all_o his_o â—ands_n and_o estate_n in_o south-wales_n the_o like_a injurious_a practice_n be_v commit_v against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v forcible_o rob_v of_o all_o his_o estate_n in_o glamorâ—â—n_n by_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n these_o unreasonable_a exâ—â—tions_n be_v insupportable_a maelgon_n and_o howel_n make_v â—â—own_v their_o grievance_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v their_o succour_n and_o assistance_n for_o the_o recovery_n â—f_fw-mi their_o lawful_a inheritance_n from_o the_o encroachment_n of_o the_o english_a but_o the_o king_n of_o england_n understand_v their_o design_n lead_v his_o army_n into_o wales_n 〈◊〉_d on_o who_o arrival_n the_o welsh_a withdraw_v themselves_o to_o snowden-hill_n where_o they_o so_o tire_v the_o englâ—â—â—_n army_n that_o the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o goâ—â—_n after_o some_o stay_n there_o return_v back_o to_o england_n wiâ—â—_n in_o a_o while_n after_o ralph_n mortimer_n the_o husband_n gladys_n dhu_n die_v leave_v his_o whole_a estate_n and_o wâ—â—_n it_o a_o lawful_a title_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_a to_o his_o son_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1247_o the_o next_o year_n nothing_o memorable_a pass_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a 739._o m._n paris_n p._n 739._o only_o the_o dismal_a effect_n the_o last_o year_n expedition_n be_v not_o wear_v off_o 〈◊〉_d ground_n be_v uncapable_a of_o cultivation_n and_o the_o câ—â—â—tel_n be_v in_o great_a measure_n destroy_v by_o the_o englâ—â—â—_n occasion_v great_a poverty_n and_o want_n in_o the_o countâ—â—_n but_o the_o great_a calamity_n befall_v the_o bishop_n s._n asâ—â—â—_n and_o bangor_n be_v destroy_v and_o burn_v by_o the_o english_a the_o bishop_n thereof_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o utmost_a extremity_n as_o to_o get_v their_o subsistence_n by_o other_o meâ—â—_n charity_n the_o bishop_n also_o of_o s._n david_n decease_a aâ—â—_n he_o of_o landaff_n have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o fall_v blind_a 〈◊〉_d the_o bishopric_n of_o s._n david_n succeed_v thomas_n sâ—â—â—â—_n name_v wallensis_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o be_v bear_v in_o walâ—â—_n who_o think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o benefit_v his_o own_o coâ—â—try_n what_o lie_v in_o his_o power_n desire_v to_o be_v advance_v from_o the_o archdeaconry_n of_o lincoln_n to_o that_o sea_n whicâ—_n the_o king_n easy_o grant_v and_o confirm_v he_o in_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 1248_o the_o next_o summer_n prove_v somewhat_o more_o favourablâ—_n to_o the_o welsh_a rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o rhys_n mechyl_n woâ—_n from_o the_o english_a the_o castle_n of_o carrec_n cynnen_n which_o his_o unkind_a mother_n out_o of_o malice_n or_o some_o ill_a opinion_n entertain_v of_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o private_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o and_o about_o the_o saâ—â—_n time_n the_o body_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n base_n son_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n be_v recover_v from_o the_o king_n oâ—_n england_n by_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o abboâ—â—_n of_o conwey_n and_o ystratflur_n who_o convey_v it_o to_o conwey_n bestow_v upon_o it_o a_o very_a pompous_a and_o honourable_a innterment_n after_o this_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o welsh_a proceed_v a.d._n 1255_o peaceable_o for_o a_o long_a while_n and_o the_o country_n have_v sufficient_a opportunity_n to_o recover_v its_o former_a plenty_n but_o 〈◊〉_d last_o to_o make_v good_a the_o proverb_n that_o plenty_n beget_v â—â—ar_a they_o begin_v for_o want_v of_o a_o foreign_a enemy_n to_o â—â—arrel_v and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o owen_n be_v too_o â—â—gh_a and_o ambitious_a to_o be_v satisfy_v with_o half_a the_o prinpality_n and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o have_v a_o fling_n at_o the_o â—hole_a wherein_o fortune_n so_o far_o deceive_v he_o that_o he_o â—â—st_n his_o own_o stake_n as_o will_v afterward_o appear_v but_o â—â—e_v better_a to_o encompass_v his_o design_n by_o sly_a insinuaâ—â—ons_n he_o persuade_v david_n his_o young_a brother_n to_o seâ—â—nd_v his_o cause_n and_o they_o with_o joint_a interest_n levy_v â—â—eir_n power_n with_o intention_n to_o dethrone_v their_o elder_a â—â—other_n lhewelyn_n but_o that_o be_v no_o easy_a matter_n 〈◊〉_d lhewelyn_n be_v prepare_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o with_o puissant_a army_n meet_v they_o in_o the_o field_n and_o so_o be_v â—â—â—olved_v to_o venture_v all_o upon_o the_o fortune_n of_o a_o battle_n 〈◊〉_d be_v strange_a and_o grievous_a to_o behold_v this_o unnatural_a â—ivil_a war_n and_o the_o more_o grievous_a now_o by_o reason_n â—â—at_v it_o so_o manifest_o weaken_v the_o strength_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o withstand_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a â—ho_fw-mi be_v extreme_o please_v with_o so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n to_o fall_v upon_o they_o but_o they_o be_v too_o far_o enâ—â—ged_v to_o consider_v of_o future_a inconvenience_n and_o a_o â—â—yal_a of_o war_n they_o must_v have_v though_o the_o englishâ—ere_v â—ere_z ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o both_o army_n the_o battle_n â—eing_v join_v the_o day_n prove_v bloody_a of_o both_o side_n â—nd_v whether_o be_v like_a to_o conquer_v be_v not_o present_o discover_v till_o at_o length_n owen_n begin_v to_o give_v â—round_n and_o in_o fine_a be_v overthrow_v himself_o and_o his_o â—rother_n david_n be_v take_v prisoner_n lhewelyn_n â—â—ough_o he_o have_v sufficient_a reason_n will_v not_o put_v his_o â—rothers_n to_o death_n but_o commit_v they_o into_o close_a prison_n seize_v all_o their_o estate_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n â—nd_v so_o enjoy_v the_o whole_a principality_n of_o wales_n the_o english_a see_v the_o welsh_a at_o this_o rate_n oppress_v â—nd_n destroy_v one_o another_o think_v they_o have_v full_a liberty_n to_o deal_v with_o they_o as_o they_o please_v and_o thereupon_o begin_v to_o exercise_v all_o manner_n of_o wrong_n and_o injustice_n against_o they_o insomuch_o that_o the_o next_o year_n all_o a.d._n 1256_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n come_v in_o a_o body_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n how_o unmerciful_o prince_n edward_n who_o his_o father_n have_v send_v to_o wales_n and_z other_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n deal_n with_o they_o how_o without_o any_o colour_n of_o justice_n they_o seize_v upon_o their_o estate_n without_o any_o room_n for_o appeal_n whereas_o if_o themselves_o offend_v in_o the_o least_o they_o be_v punish_v to_o the_o utmost_a extremity_n in_o fine_a they_o solemn_o declare_v that_o they_o prefer_v to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o field_n before_o to_o be_v so_o unmerciful_o enslave_v to_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o stranger_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o a_o stranger_n to_o all_o this_o and_o now_o have_v happy_o discover_v the_o bent_n and_o inclination_n of_o his_o subject_n be_v resolve_v to_o prosecute_v if_o possible_a the_o expulsion_n of_o
montgomery-shire_n and_o be_v all_o on_o the_o north-side_n severn_n save_v a_o piece_n of_o montgomery-shire_n and_o here_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v what_o the_o british_a chronicle_n say_v of_o north-wales_n which_o affirm_v that_o three_o time_n it_o come_v by_o inheritance_n to_o woman_n first_o to_o stradwen_n daughter_n to_o cadfan_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi endaf_fw-mi and_o wife_n to_o coel_n godebâ—e_v mother_n to_o genaw_n dyfyr_n and_o gwawl_v the_o second_o time_n to_o the_o same_o gwawl_fw-mi wife_n to_o edeyrn_n ap_fw-mi padarn_n and_o mother_n to_o cunetha_n wledic_n whâ—ch_v cunetha_n inhabit_v in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o england_n about_o the_o year_n 540._o after_o the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n and_o hear_v how_o the_o mingle_a nation_n of_o irish-scot_n and_o pict_n have_v overrun_v the_o seashore_n of_o cardigan_n which_o be_v part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n send_v his_o son_n thither_o to_o enjoy_v their_o inheritance_n of_o who_o tibiaon_n his_o elder_a son_n die_v in_o man_n which_o land_n the_o say_a irish-scot_n have_v win_v for_o gildas_n say_v that_o the_o child_n of_o glam_n hector_n which_o people_v a_o great_a part_n of_o ireland_n yscro_v with_o his_o people_n inhabit_v dalrieuda_n which_o be_v a_o part_n of_o scotland_n builke_n with_o his_o people_n come_v to_o man._n but_o i_o think_v it_o good_a to_o put_v in_o gildas_n word_n which_o say_v builke_n cum_fw-la filiis_fw-la suis_fw-la inhabitavit_fw-la euboniam_fw-la insulam_fw-la uâ—lgò_fw-la manaw_fw-mi quae_fw-la est_fw-la in_o meditullio_fw-la maris_fw-la inter_fw-la hyberniam_fw-la &_o britanniam_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v buiâ—ke_v with_o his_o child_n inhabit_v the_o isle_n eubonia_fw-la common_o manaw_v for_o so_o it_o be_v and_o be_v name_v in_o british_a which_o lie_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o sea_n between_o ireland_n and_o britain_n this_o be_v not_o call_v môna_n as_o polydore_n feign_v the_o child_n of_o bethoun_n inhabit_v demetia_n which_o be_v south-wales_n with_o gwyr_n and_o cydweli_n till_o they_o be_v chase_v thence_o by_o the_o child_n of_o cunetha_n thus_o far_o gildas_n therefore_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n be_v arrive_v in_o north_n wales_n as_o well_o i_o think_v be_v drive_v by_o the_o saxon_n as_o for_o their_o inheritance_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o they_o and_o first_o meireaon_n the_o son_n of_o tibiaon_n the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n have_v cantref_o meireaon_n to_o his_o part_n arustel_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v cantref_o arostly_a caredic_n ap_fw-mi cunetha_n have_v caerdigion_n now_o call_v cardiganshire_n sâ—esneg_n maelor_n the_o son_n of_o gwran_n son_n to_o cunedha_n have_v maeloron_n that_o be_v the_o two_o maeloâ—_n maelor_n gymbraeg_n call_v br._n and_o maelor_n sâ—esneg_n dunod_n have_v cantref_o dimodic_n edeyrn_n have_v edeyrnion_n mael_n have_v dynmael_n coel_n have_v colâ—yon_n doguael_n have_v dogueilyn_n rhyfaon_n have_v rhyfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n eineon_n yrch_n have_v caereneon_n in_o powy_n vssa_fw-mi have_v maesuswalht_v now_o oswestry_n for_o sure_o that_o they_o say_v common_o of_o oswald_n king_n of_o northumberland_n to_o be_v slay_v there_o and_o of_o the_o well_o that_o spring_v where_o his_o arm_n be_v carry_v be_v nothing_o so_o for_o beda_n and_o all_o other_o writer_n testify_v that_o peanda_n slay_v oswald_n at_o maserfelt_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o northumberland_n and_o his_o body_n be_v bury_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o bradney_n in_o the_o province_n of_o lhyndesey_n but_o to_o my_o former_a matter_n these_o name_n give_v by_o the_o son_n of_o cunetha_n remain_v to_o this_o day_n after_o this_o the_o irish-pict_n or_o scot_n which_o the_o britain_n call_v y_o gwydhyl_n phictiay_v which_o be_v to_o say_v the_o irish-pict_n do_v overrun_v the_o isle_n of_o môn_n and_o be_v drive_v thence_o by_o caswalhon_n lhawhir_n that_o be_v caswalhon_n with_o the_o long_a hand_n the_o son_n of_o eineon_n yâ—ch_fw-mi ap_fw-mi cunedha_n who_o slay_v serigi_n their_o king_n with_o his_o own_o hand_n at_o lhan_n y_fw-fr gwydhyl_n which_o be_v the_o irish_a church_n at_o holyhead_n this_o caswalhon_n be_v father_n to_o maelgon_n gwynedh_n who_o the_o latin_n call_v maglocunus_fw-la prince_n and_o king_n of_o britain_n in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o famous_a clerk_n and_o great_a wiseman_n taliessyn_n ben_n beiâ—dâ—_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o beirdh_n or_o wiseman_n for_o this_o word_n bardh_n in_o caesar_n time_n signify_v as_o lucan_n bear_v witness_n such_o as_o have_v knowledge_n of_o thing_n to_o come_v and_o so_o it_o signify_v at_o this_o day_n this_o maelgon_n have_v a_o son_n call_v run_v in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n invite_v gurmond_n into_o britain_n from_o ireland_n who_o have_v come_v thither_o from_o africa_n who_o with_o the_o saxon_n be_v the_o utter_a destruction_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o fly_v all_o that_o profess_a christ_n and_o be_v the_o first_o that_o drive_v they_o over_o severn_n this_o run_n be_v father_n to_o beli_n who_o be_v father_n to_o jago_n for_o so_o the_o britain_n call_n james_n who_o be_v father_n to_o cadfaâ—â—_n and_o not_o brochwel_v call_v brecyfal_n as_o the_o english_a chronicle_n say_v for_o this_o brochwel_n call_v ysgiâ—hroc_n that_o be_v long_o tooth_v be_v choose_v leader_n of_o such_o as_o meet_v with_o adelred_n alius_fw-la ethelbertus_fw-la rex_fw-la cantiaâ—_n and_o other_o angles_n and_o saxon_n who_o augustine_n have_v move_v to_o make_v war_n against_o the_o christian_a britain_n and_o these_o put_v brochwel_n twice_o to_o flight_n not_o far_o from_o chester_n and_o cruel_o slay_v a_o 1000_o priest_n and_o monk_n of_o bangor_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o lay-brethren_n of_o the_o same_o house_n which_o live_v by_o the_o labour_n of_o their_o hand_n and_o be_v come_v barefooted_a and_o woolward_o to_o crave_v mercy_n and_o peace_n at_o the_o saxon_n hand_n and_o here_o you_o shall_v understand_v that_o 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tindaythwy_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywrch_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalâ—dâ—r_n she_o be_v wife_n to_o merfyn_n frych_n and_o mother_n to_o rhodâ—ric_a the_o great_a as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o declare_v by_o this_o you_o may_v understand_v that_o north-wales_a have_v be_v a_o great_a while_n the_o chief_a seat_n of_o the_o last_o king_n of_o britain_n because_o it_o be_v and_o be_v the_o strong_a country_n within_o this_o isle_n full_a of_o high_a mountain_n craggy_a rock_n great_a wood_n and_o deep_a valley_n straight_o and_o dangerous_a place_n deep_a and_o swift_a river_n as_o dyfi_n which_o spring_v in_o the_o hill_n of_o merâ—onyth_n and_o run_v north-west_n through_o mowthwy_n and_o by_o machynlaeth_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n at_o aberdyfi_n divide_v nâ—râ—h_n and_o south-wales_n asunder_o d_o you_o call_v in_o welsh_a dourdwy_n spring_v also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o same_o hill_n run_v east_n through_o penlhyn_n and_o the_o lake_n tegyd_v 〈…〉_o and_o lhangolhen_o between_o chirke-land_n and_o bromfield_n where_o it_o bow_v northward_o towards_o bangor_n to_o the_o holt_n and_o to_o chester_n and_o thence_o north-west_n to_o flint-castle_n and_o so_o to_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v also_o conwey_n rise_v likewise_o in_o merionyth-â—â—ire_n and_o divide_v caernarvon_n from_o denbighshire_n â—â—nneth_v under_o snowden_n north-east_n by_o the_o town_n of_o â—berconwey_a to_o the_o sea_n also_o clwyd_n which_o rise_v in_o denbigh_n land_n run_v down_o to_o ruthyn_n and_o plain_a north_n not_o far_o from_o denbigh_a to_o st._n asaph_n and_o so_o by_o ruthlan_n and_o to_o the_o sea_n there_o be_v many_o other_o fair_a river_n of_o which_o some_o run_v â—o_o the_o sea_n as_o mawr_z at_o traethmawr_n and_o afon_n y_o saint_n at_o â—aernarvon_n and_o other_o that_o run_v to_o severn_n as_o murnwy_n 〈◊〉_d powy_n and_o to_o murnwy_n tanat_n some_o other_o to_o d_o you_o â—s_a ceirioc_n betwixt_o the_o lordship_n of_o chirke_n and_o whitâ—ington_n alyn_n through_o yal_a and_o mould_v dale_n and_o hope_v â—ale_a and_o so_o
from_o the_o injury_n of_o their_o barbarous_a enemy_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o roman_a legion_n be_v transporteâ—_n into_o gaul_n back_o return_v the_o pict_n and_o scot_n and_o have_v by_o a_o desperate_a assault_n pass_v the_o wall_n pursue_v the_o britain_n with_o a_o more_o dreadful_a and_o bloody_a slaughter_n than_o former_o the_o britain_n perceive_v their_o condition_n most_o desperate_a once_o more_o send_v their_o miserabâ—â—_n complaint_n to_o ætiâ—s_n in_o these_o tragical_a word_n 〈◊〉_d aetius_n thrice_o consul_n the_o groan_n of_o the_o britain_n the_o baâ—barians_n drive_v we_o to_o the_o sea_n and_o the_o sea_n drive_v we_o bâ—â—â—_n to_o they_o and_o so_o distract_v betwixt_o two_o death_n we_o 〈◊〉_d either_o drown_v or_o perish_v by_o the_o sword_n but_o they_o solicit_v to_o no_o purpose_n the_o roman_n have_v already_o bid_v absolute_a farewell_n to_o britain_n and_o the_o empire_n be_v crum_o oppress_v by_o the_o goth_n and_o other_o barbarous_a â—_z be_v not_o in_o a_o condition_n possible_a to_o assist_v theâ—_n the_o britain_n therefore_o find_v themselves_o absolute_a forsake_v by_o the_o roman_n and_o conceive_v it_o utter_o impracticable_a to_o drive_v away_o the_o barbarian_n by_o their_o owâ—_n strength_n see_v it_o urgent_o necessary_a to_o call_v in_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o some_o foreign_a nation_n who_o labour_n in_o repel_v their_o enemy_n shall_v be_v grateful_o and_o satisfactory_o reward_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o british_a nation_n be_v at_o this_o time_n so_o weak_a and_o impotent_a and_o so_o manifest_o unable_a to_o withstand_v these_o barbarous_a enemy_n who_o be_v far_o inferior_a as_o to_o extent_n of_o country_n and_o probable_o in_o number_n of_o people_n may_v in_o great_a measure_n be_v attribute_v to_o the_o ease_n and_o quietness_n the_o britain_n enjoy_v under_o the_o roman_a government_n for_o whilst_o the_o roman_a legion_n continue_v in_o britain_n they_o ever_o undertake_v the_o security_n and_o 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british_a legion_n so_o that_o they_o be_v leave_v expose_v to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o the_o northern_a invader_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o recover_v any_o power_n or_o conduct_v to_o oppose_v they_o for_o have_v not_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n come_v on_o so_o forcible_o at_o first_o but_o have_v give_v time_n to_o the_o britain_n to_o shake_v off_o that_o lethargy_n they_o have_v for_o many_o year_n be_v bury_v in_o and_o to_o renew_v their_o ancient_a discipline_n and_o vigour_n there_o have_v be_v no_o need_n of_o call_v in_o the_o saxon_n see_v they_o will_v in_o all_o probability_n be_v able_a to_o maintain_v their_o ground_n against_o any_o opposition_n and_o likely_a have_v be_v in_o possession_n of_o their_o whole_a country_n to_o this_o time_n but_o next_o to_o the_o decree_n of_o heaven_n the_o ruin_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n must_v be_v attribute_v to_o its_o too_o much_o luxury_n and_o effeminacy_n and_o to_o the_o universal_a lapse_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n into_o a_o aversion_n of_o a_o military_a action_n and_o martial_a discipline_n for_o though_o a_o continue_a peace_n be_v in_o itself_o desirable_a yet_o oftentimes_o nothing_o tend_v more_o to_o the_o future_a ruin_n and_o downfall_n of_o a_o nation_n for_o peace_n beget_v in_o man_n general_o a_o habit_n of_o looseness_n and_o debauchery_n be_v the_o occasion_n of_o many_o notorious_a extravagancy_n and_o vicious_a practice_n which_o weaken_v their_o hand_n and_o cool_v their_o courage_n and_o greatness_n of_o mind_n so_o that_o in_o case_n of_o any_o open_a danger_n they_o be_v uncapable_a to_o defend_v their_o country_n and_o unfit_a to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n scarce_o any_o kingdom_n or_o nation_n be_v subvert_v but_o the_o ruin_n of_o it_o be_v usher_v in_o by_o these_o mean_n witness_v the_o assyrian_a under_o sardanapalus_n the_o persian_a under_o darius_n and_o the_o egyptian_a under_o cleopatra_n so_o that_o it_o be_v most_o prudent_o urge_v by_o a_o roman_a senator_n that_o carthage_n may_v not_o be_v demolish_v lest_o that_o for_o want_v of_o a_o enemy_n abroad_o the_o valour_n of_o the_o roman_n may_v degenerate_v and_o their_o conduct_n be_v forget_v have_v the_o britain_n have_v the_o fortune_n to_o be_v continual_o in_o action_n and_o not_o exchange_v their_o courage_n and_o discipline_n for_o ease_n and_o laziness_n they_o have_v have_v no_o reason_n to_o dread_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o pict_n nor_o any_o need_n of_o the_o aid_n and_o assistance_n of_o a_o foreign_a nation_n but_o the_o condition_n of_o their_o affair_n then_o require_v it_o and_o help_v must_v be_v have_v or_o else_o their_o country_n must_v unavoidable_o become_v a_o prey_n to_o those_o northern_a invader_n to_o prevent_v therefore_o and_o repel_v their_o violence_n king_n vâ—rtigern_n hold_v a_o council_n of_o his_o great_a man_n and_o noble_n where_o it_o be_v conclude_v to_o be_v most_o advantageous_a to_o the_o britain_n to_o invite_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o germany_n to_o their_o aid_n who_o in_o all_o probability_n will_v glad_o embrace_v the_o opportunity_n by_o reason_n that_o their_o own_o country_n be_v grow_v too_o scanty_a for_o their_o superfluous_a number_n this_o message_n of_o the_o britain_n however_o original_o deliver_v be_v by_o a_o ancient_a saxon_a writer_n repeat_v in_o this_o manner_n most_o noble_a saxon_n the_o miserable_a britain_n shatter_v and_o quite_o wear_v out_o by_o the_o frequent_a incursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o your_o many_o signal_n victory_n have_v send_v we_o to_o you_o humble_o request_v that_o you_o will_v assist_v they_o at_o this_o juncture_n a_o land_n large_a and_o spacious_a abound_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n they_o give_v up_o entire_o to_o your_o disposal_n hitherto_o we_o have_v live_v happy_o under_o the_o government_n and_o protection_n of_o the_o roman_n next_o to_o the_o roman_n we_o know_v none_o of_o great_a valour_n than_o yourselves_o and_o therefore_o in_o your_o arm_n do_v now_o seek_v refuge_n
force_n obtain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n over_o the_o powerless_a britain_n bâ—â—_n adelred_n who_o be_v short_o follow_v by_o edwin_n king_n 〈◊〉_d the_o pict_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o battle_n and_o cudâ—â—_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a the_o welsh_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o saxon_n and_o too_o weak_a to_o repress_v their_o endless_a incursion_n 3._o therefore_o they_o apply_v themselves_o to_o cudred_a and_o join_v in_o league_n with_o he_o who_o upon_o some_o occasion_n or_o other_o be_v actual_o fall_v out_o with_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n but_o ethelbald_n be_v so_o proud_a with_o the_o success_n a.d._n 746_o of_o the_o last_o engagement_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o league_n with_o cudred_a he_o must_v needs_o again_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a he_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o hereford_n where_o the_o britain_n by_o the_o help_n of_o cudred_a give_v he_o a_o signal_n overthrow_n and_o cause_v he_o to_o repent_v of_o his_o rash_a and_o precipitous_a expedition_n but_o short_o after_o cudred_a and_o ethelbald_a be_v unlucky_o reconcile_v and_o make_v friend_n together_o and_o cudred_a relinquish_a the_o welsh_a join_v his_o force_n to_o ethelbalds_n hereupon_o ensue_v another_o battle_n in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v great_o overpower_v be_v vanquish_v by_o the_o saxon_n after_o which_o victory_n cudr_v short_o dye_v to_o he_o succeed_v sigebert_n a_o a.d._n 743_o man_n of_o a_o loose_a and_o vicious_a inclination_n who_o for_o his_o ill_a behaviour_n in_o the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n expel_v and_o deprive_v by_o his_o nobility_n â—nd_v at_o last_o miserable_o slay_v by_o a_o rascally_a swineherd_n after_o he_o kenulph_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n ann._n 750._o in_o who_o time_n die_v theodore_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 750_o bâ—lin_n a_o man_n of_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o britain_n and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o remarkable_a barâ—el_n be_v fight_v between_o the_o britain_n and_o the_o pict_n â—t_a a_o place_n call_v magedawc_n in_o which_o the_o pict_n be_v â—ut_v to_o a_o total_a rout_n and_o dalargan_n their_o king_n casual_o â—lain_v but_o the_o britain_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o against_o the_o saxon_n for_o roderic_n molwynoc_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o forsake_v the_o western_a country_n of_o britain_n and_o â—o_o claim_v his_o own_o inheritance_n in_o north_n wales_n the_o son_n of_o bletius_n or_o bledericus_n prince_n of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n who_o be_v one_o of_o they_o that_o vanquish_v adelred_n and_o ethelbert_n at_o bangor_n on_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi have_v enjoy_v the_o government_n of_o north_n wales_n ever_o since_o cadfan_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o britain_n roderic_n therefore_o demand_v the_o government_n of_o this_o country_n as_o his_o â—ight_n which_o he_o be_v now_o willing_a to_o accept_v of_o see_v â—he_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v what_o he_o have_v hitherto_o possess_v but_o he_o do_v long_o enjoy_v it_o but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n conan_n tindaythwy_n and_o howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v in_o all_o reign_v over_o the_o britain_n thirty_o year_n conan_n tindaythwy_n a.d._n 755_o roderic_n molwynoc_n be_v dead_a his_o son_n conan_n tindaythwy_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n and_o principality_n of_o wales_n in_o the_o year_n 755._o he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n but_o the_o saxon_n begin_v to_o make_v inroad_n into_o his_o country_n to_o spoil_v and_o destroy_v what_o they_o convenient_o can_v meet_v with_o they_o be_v animate_v hereto_o by_o the_o bad_a success_n of_o roderic_n and_o have_v force_v the_o britain_n out_o of_o cornwall_n and_o devonshire_n they_o think_v it_o practicable_a to_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o wales_n too_o and_o so_o to_o reduce_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n to_o themselves_o this_o be_v their_o aim_n and_o this_o they_o endeavour_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n but_o they_o be_v meet_v with_o at_o hereford_n where_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v between_o they_o and_o the_o welsh_a in_o which_o dyfnwal_n the_o son_n of_o theodor_n a_o stout_a and_o valiant_a soldier_n be_v slay_v and_o short_o afterward_o die_v athelbeâ—â—_n king_n of_o northumberland_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o oâ—wald_n about_o the_o same_o time_n happen_v a_o religious_a quarreâ—_n between_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n concern_v the_o observation_n of_o the_o feast_n of_o easter_n which_o elbodius_n 〈◊〉_d learned_a and_o a_o pious_a man_n endeavour_v to_o rectify_v 〈◊〉_d wales_n and_o to_o reduce_v it_o to_o the_o roman_a calculation_n which_o the_o saxon_n always_o observe_v the_o britain_n diâ—_n differ_v from_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n in_o the_o celebration_n oâ—_n this_o feast_n and_o the_o difference_n be_v this_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o council_n of_o nicâ—_n always_o observe_v easter-day_n the_o next_o sunday_n after_o thâ—_n 14_o day_n of_o the_o moon_n so_o that_o it_o never_o happen_v upon_o the_o 14_o day_n itself_o nor_o pass_v the_o 21th_o thâ—_n britain_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n celebrate_v their_o easter_n upon_o the_o 14_o and_o so_o forward_o to_o the_o 20_o which_o occasion_v this_o difference_n that_o the_o sunday_n observe_v as_o easter-day_n by_o the_o britain_n be_v but_o palm-sunday_n with_o the_o saxon_n upon_o this_o account_n the_o saxon_n do_v most_o uncharitable_o traduce_v the_o britain_n and_o will_v scarce_o allow_v they_o the_o name_n and_o title_n of_o christian_n hereupon_o about_o the_o year_n 660._o a_o great_a contest_v happen_v manage_v on_o the_o one_o part_n by_o colman_n and_o hylda_n who_o defend_v the_o rite_n and_o celebration_n of_o the_o britain_n and_o gilbert_n and_o wilfride_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o saxon_n hylda_n be_v the_o niece_n of_o edwine_n king_n of_o northumberland_n educate_v by_o pauline_n and_o aedan_n she_o public_o oppose_v wilfride_n and_o other_o superstitious_a monk_n as_o to_o such_o trifle_n and_o bigotry_n in_o religion_n allege_v out_o of_o polycrates_n the_o fact_n of_o irenaeus_n who_o withstand_v victor_n bishop_n of_o rome_n upon_o the_o same_o account_n and_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o church_n of_o asia_n observe_v by_o s._n john_n the_o evangelist_n philip_n the_o apostle_n polycarpus_n and_o melito_n and_o likewise_o observe_v in_o britain_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n who_o first_o preach_v the_o gospel_n here_o offa_n be_v make_v king_n of_o mercia_n and_o brichtrich_n of_o a.d._n 763_o the_o westsaxons_a about_o which_o time_n die_v fermael_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n and_o cemoyd_n king_n of_o the_o pict_n the_o saxon_n do_v daily_o encroach_v upon_o the_o land_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o welsh_a beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n but_o more_o especial_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n of_o the_o country_n these_o enchroachment_n the_o welsh_a can_v not_o endure_v and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o recover_v their_o own_o and_o to_o drive_v the_o saxon_n out_o of_o their_o country_n the_o britain_n of_o south-wales_n as_o receive_v the_o great_a a.d._n 776_o injury_n and_o disadvantage_n from_o the_o saxon_n present_o take_v up_o arm_n and_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o mercia_n which_o they_o ravage_v and_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o short_o after_o all_o the_o welsh_a join_v their_o force_n together_o fall_v upon_o the_o saxon_n and_o force_v they_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o severn_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a spoil_n of_o english_a cattle_n the_o welsh_a find_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o last_o incursion_n and_o how_o that_o by_o these_o mean_v they_o gaul_v and_o vex_v the_o saxon_n frequent_o practise_v the_o same_o and_o enter_v their_o country_n by_o stealth_n they_o kill_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o drive_v their_o cattle_n beyond_o the_o river_n ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n not_o be_v able_a to_o endure_v these_o daily_a incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o saxon_a king_n to_o bend_v their_o whole_a force_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v raise_v a_o very_a strong_a and_o numerous_a army_n pass_v the_o severn_n into_o wales_n the_o welsh_a be_v far_o too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v and_o encounter_v so_o great_a a_o army_n quit_v the_o even_a and_o plain_a country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n and_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n and_o rock_n where_o they_o know_v they_o can_v be_v most_o safe_a from_o the_o inveterate_a and_o revengeful_a arm_n of_o the_o saxon_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o saxon_n decamp_v be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n against_o they_o in_o these_o strong_a and_o
the_o battle_n of_o kettell_n his_o son_n roderic_n surname_v the_o great_a without_o any_o opposition_n or_o contest_v succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o wales_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o effect_v after_o his_o advancement_n to_o â—he_n crown_n be_v the_o divide_n of_o wales_n into_o several_a province_n which_o he_o distinguish_v into_o these_o three_o aberffraw_n dinevowr_n and_o mathraval_n berthred_a king_n â—f_n mercia_n be_v animate_v by_o his_o late_a success_n against_o merfyn_n frych_n purpose_v to_o perform_v the_o like_a exploit_n â—gainst_a his_o son_n roderic_n and_o have_v gain_v the_o aid_n â—nd_v assistance_n of_o king_n ethelwulph_n he_o enter_v north_n wales_n with_o a_o strong_a army_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n which_o he_o cruel_o and_o miserable_o destroy_v roderic_n meet_v he_o several_a time_n and_o the_o welsh_a do_v at_o length_n so_o gall_n and_o torment_v he_o that_o in_o fine_a he_o have_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o boast_v of_o only_a meyric_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a prince_n among_o the_o britain_n be_v slay_v but_o he_o be_v soon_o force_v to_o quit_v his_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n another_o way_n his_o own_o dominion_n require_v their_o constant_a residence_n be_v severe_o threaten_v by_o a_o foreign_a invasion_n a.d._n 846_o for_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o this_o time_n grow_v so_o very_o powerful_a that_o they_o overran_a a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n fight_v with_o athelstan_n king_n of_o kent_n brother_n to_o ethelwulph_n and_o obtain_v so_o much_o conquest_n that_o whereas_o before_o they_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n when_o the_o wether_n grow_v too_o cold_a for_o action_n they_o now_o take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n in_o england_n the_o welsh_a in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v secure_a from_o any_o violence_n which_o may_v otherwise_o be_v expect_v from_o the_o english_a begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o ithel_n king_n of_o gwent_n or_o wâ—ntland_n for_o what_o occasion_n not_o know_v fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o meâ—_n of_o brecknock_n who_o be_v so_o resolute_a as_o to_o fight_v he_o and_o the_o event_n prove_v very_o unfortunate_a to_o ithel_n whâ—_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n it_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o a_o nation_n that_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a petty_a state_n when_o it_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o no_o danger_n from_o a_o outward_a enemy_n that_o it_o will_v fall_v at_o variance_n and_o create_v disturbance_n among_o itself_o have_v the_o britain_n instead_o of_o fall_v upon_o one_o another_o take_v the_o advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n wheâ—_n the_o saxon_n be_v altogether_o employ_v in_o oppose_v and_o repel_v the_o dane_n to_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v their_o number_n and_o to_o fortify_v their_o town_n they_o may_v aâ—_n lest_o secure_o have_v possess_v their_o own_o dominion_n 〈◊〉_d not_o extend_v their_o government_n to_o a_o great_a part_n of_o england_n but_o a_o sort_n of_o a_o equality_n in_o power_n beget_v aâ—_n emulation_n between_o the_o several_a prince_n and_o this_o emulation_n for_o the_o most_o part_n end_v in_o blow_n and_o contention_n so_o that_o instead_o of_o strengthen_v themselves_o whilst_o they_o have_v respite_n from_o the_o english_a they_o rather_o weaken_v their_o power_n by_o inward_a difference_n kongen_fw-mi king_n of_o powy_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n there_o to_o a.d._n 854_o â—end_n his_o day_n peaceable_o and_o religious_o but_o his_o death_n do_v not_o prove_v so_o natural_a as_o he_o expect_v be_v barbarous_o slay_v or_o as_o some_o say_v choke_v by_o his_o own_o servant_n short_o after_o die_v cemoyth_fw-mi king_n of_o the_o pict_n and_o jonathan_n lord_n of_o abergeley_n it_o be_v now_o become_v customary_a for_o prince_n weary_v with_o government_n to_o go_v to_o rome_n and_o the_o pope_n willing_o dispense_v with_o the_o resignation_n of_o their_o crown_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o holiness_n seldom_o lose_v by_o it_o king_n ethelwulph_n pay_v very_o dear_a for_o his_o entertainment_n there_o make_v his_o kingdom_n tributary_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o pay_v the_o peterpence_n to_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o saxon_a genealogist_n bring_v the_o pedigree_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o several_a succession_n and_o generation_n up_o to_o adam_n as_o may_v be_v see_v in_o matthew_n of_o westminster_n who_o in_o like_a manner_n derive_v the_o pedigree_n of_o offa_n king_n of_o mercia_n this_o have_v be_v the_o custom_n of_o most_o nation_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a and_o be_v always_o practise_v by_o they_o who_o family_n be_v any_o thing_n ancient_a and_o honourable_a so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o very_a great_a mistake_n to_o scoff_n at_o and_o deride_v the_o welsh_a because_o they_o keep_v up_o this_o ancient_a and_o laudable_a custom_n berthred_a king_n of_o mercia_n become_v at_o length_n far_o â—oo_o weak_a to_o repel_v the_o daily_a increase_a power_n of_o the_o dane_n who_o so_o numerous_o pour_v upon_o he_o that_o at_o last_o he_o be_v force_v to_o relinquish_v his_o kingdom_n and_o fly_v to_o rome_n where_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o sorrowful_o end_v his_o day_n ethelwulph_n short_o follow_v and_o leave_v his_o son_n athelbald_a king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o athelbright_n king_n of_o kent_n and_o the_o east-saxons_a ethelwulph_n be_v report_v to_o be_v so_o learned_a and_o devout_a that_o the_o church_n of_o winchester_n elect_v he_o in_o his_o youth_n bishop_n of_o that_o see_v which_o function_n he_o take_v upon_o he_o about_o seven_o year_n before_o he_o be_v make_v king_n he_o be_v say_v also_o to_o have_v conquer_a the_o kingdom_n of_o demetia_n or_o south-wales_n which_o together_o with_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o south-saxons_a he_o bestow_v upon_o his_o son_n alfred_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v bring_v a_o thousand_o man_n out_o of_o wales_n to_o winchester_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o his_o brother_n ethelbert_n against_o the_o dane_n athelbald_n succeed_a his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a keep_v his_o mother-in-law_n the_o wife_n of_o ethelwulph_n for_o hiâ—_n concubine_n and_o afterward_o marry_v she_o in_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n but_o he_o do_v not_o live_v long_o to_o enjoy_v the_o unnatural_a conjunction_n but_o die_v without_o issâ—_n after_o that_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n athelbright_n about_o the_o same_o time_n the_o dane_n begin_v again_o to_o be_v stir_v themselves_o and_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n of_o winchester_n and_o destroy_v it_o which_o athelbright_n perceive_v after_o a_o long_o fight_v force_v they_o to_o quit_v the_o land_n and_o tâ—_n betake_v themselves_o to_o sea_n again_o but_o the_o dane_n quick_o return_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o thanet_n where_o they_o remain_v for_o that_o winter_n do_v much_o mischief_n upon_o the_o sea-coast_n and_o destroy_v all_o place_n near_o the_o shoaâ—_n of_o england_n the_o english_a be_v very_o glad_a that_o they_o dare_v venture_v no_o further_o and_o the_o more_o because_o the_o welsh_a begin_v again_o to_o be_v troublesome_a against_o whoâ—_n a_o army_n must_v be_v speedy_o dispatch_v otherwise_o they_o will_v certain_o advance_v to_o the_o english_a country_n both_o army_n meet_v at_o greythen_n where_o a_o fierce_a battle_n be_v fight_v and_o a_o great_a number_n slay_v on_o either_o side_n but_o the_o victory_n be_v not_o plain_o discoverable_a bâ—â—_n the_o welch_n not_o long_o after_o receive_v a_o considerable_a loâ—_n by_o the_o death_n of_o conan_n nâ—rit_fw-fr nifer_n a_o stout_a and_o skilful_a commander_n who_o oftentimes_o have_v valiant_o repulse_v the_o english_a force_n and_o obtain_v many_o signâ—â—_n victory_n over_o they_o the_o dane_n have_v be_v for_o some_o time_n quiet_a be_v â—â—able_a to_o venture_v upon_o any_o considerable_a action_n anâ—_n therefore_o they_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o secure_v only_a whâ—_n they_o have_v already_o win_v and_o to_o expect_v a_o re-inforcement_n from_o their_o own_o country_n this_o be_v quick_o send_v they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o hungare_n and_o hubâ—â—â—_n who_o land_v in_o england_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a armâ—_n of_o dane_n king_n athelbright_n whether_o terrify_v with_o a_o dismal_a apprehension_n of_o these_o invader_n or_o otherwise_o be_v indispose_v quick_o afterward_o give_v up_o the_o ghost_n leave_v the_o management_n of_o his_o kingdom_n together_o with_o that_o of_o his_o army_n against_o the_o dane_n to_o his_o brother_n ethelred_n the_o dane_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n â—ot_n sure_a foot_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o york_n which_o â—hey_n miserable_o destroy_v kill_v osbright_n and_o elbaâ—wo_n â—wo_z king_n of_o northumberland_n that_o oppose_v they_o â—rom_o hence_o they_o proceed_v and_o overrun_v all_o the_o country_n as_o far_o as_o nottingham_n destroy_v and_o spoil_v all_o before_o they_o and_o then_o return_v back_o to_o york_n â—ut_fw-la have_v once_o taste_v
for_o the_o regaining_a of_o the_o say_a country_n but_o the_o northern_a britain_n who_o have_v settle_v themselves_o there_o have_v intelligence_n of_o his_o design_n for_o the_o better_a security_n of_o their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n remove_v they_o beyond_o the_o river_n conwey_n prince_n anarawd_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o draw_v together_o all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v raise_v encamp_v his_o army_n near_o the_o town_n of_o conwey_n at_o a_o place_n call_v cymryt_n where_o himself_o and_o his_o man_n have_v make_v gallant_a resistance_n against_o the_o press_a effort_n of_o the_o saxon_n obtain_v a_o very_a complete_a victory_n this_o battle_n be_v by_o some_o call_v gwaeth_n cymryt_n conwey_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v fight_v in_o the_o township_n of_o cymryt_n near_o conwey_n but_o prince_n anarawd_n will_v have_v it_o call_v dial_n rodri_n because_o he_o have_v there_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n rodri._n in_o this_o battle_n tadwal_n rodri_n son_n receive_v a_o wound_n in_o the_o knee_n which_o make_v he_o be_v denominate_v tudwal_n glôff_n ever_o after_o but_o for_o his_o signal_n service_n in_o this_o action_n his_o brethren_n bestow_v upon_o he_o vchelogoed_n gwynedd_n but_o the_o britain_n pursue_n their_o victory_n chase_v the_o saxon_n quite_o out_o of_o wales_n into_o mercia_n where_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o border_n they_o return_v home_o lade_v with_o rich_a spoil_n and_o so_o take_v possession_n of_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n after_o they_o peaceable_o enjoy_v but_o anarawd_n to_o express_v his_o thankfulness_n to_o god_n for_o this_o great_a victory_n give_v very_o considerable_a land_n and_o possession_n to_o the_o collegiate_n church_n of_o bangor_n and_o clynnoc_n vawr_n in_o arfon_n after_o this_o those_o dane_n that_o lie_v at_o fulhenham_n near_o london_n cross_v the_o sea_n to_o france_n and_o pass_v to_o 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intricate_a that_o the_o justice_n of_o it_o can_v not_o appear_v and_o then_o the_o two_o champion_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n by_o combat_n whilst_o howel_n dha_n be_v thus_o regulate_v the_o custom_n and_o meliorate_n the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o wales_n aulafe_n and_o regnald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n forcible_o enter_v the_o country_n of_o king_n edmund_n who_o be_v vex_v with_o their_o incessant_a hostility_n gather_v his_o force_n together_o and_o as_o some_o say_v by_o the_o help_n of_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylht_n who_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n followed_z they_o to_z northumberland_z and_o have_v overcome_v they_o in_o a_o pitch_a battle_n utter_o chase_v they_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n and_o remain_v a_o whole_a year_n in_o those_o part_n to_o regulate_v and_o bring_v that_o country_n to_o some_o quiet_a order_n but_o find_v it_o impracticable_a to_o reduce_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o cumberland_n to_o any_o peaceable_a constitution_n have_v spoil_v and_o waste_v the_o country_n he_o give_v it_o up_o to_o malcolme_n king_n of_o scotland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v send_v he_o succour_n in_o a.d._n 942_o his_o war_n whenever_o demand_v of_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o welsh_a have_v but_o little_a occasion_n to_o rejoice_v hubert_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n marclois_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n a.d._n 944_o and_o vssa_n the_o son_n of_o lhafyr_n be_v dead_a and_o short_o after_o the_o english_a enter_v into_o wales_n with_o a_o very_a strong_a army_n put_v the_o country_n into_o a_o great_a consternation_n but_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o destruction_n and_o spoil_n of_o strat_n clwyd_n they_o return_v home_o without_o do_v any_o more_o mischief_n the_o same_o time_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o elis_n be_v like_a to_o be_v treacherous_o put_v to_o death_n by_o poison_n and_o everus_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n dye_v the_o next_o year_n edmund_n king_n of_o england_n be_v unlucky_o slay_v upon_o s._n augustine_n day_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o death_n be_v various_o deliver_v some_o say_v that_o discover_v a_o note_a thief_n who_o be_v outlaw_v sit_v among_o his_o guest_n be_v transport_v with_o indignation_n against_o so_o confident_a a_o villain_n run_v upon_o he_o very_o furious_o who_o expect_v nothing_o less_o than_o death_n think_v to_o die_v not_o unrevenged_a and_o therefore_o with_o a_o short_a dagger_n give_v the_o king_n a_o mortal_a wound_n in_o the_o breast_n other_o report_v that_o as_o the_o king_n will_v have_v rescue_v a_o servant_n of_o he_o from_o a_o officer_n who_o have_v arrest_v he_o he_o be_v unwitting_o and_o unhappy_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o but_o however_o his_o death_n happen_v he_o lie_v bury_v at_o glastenbury_n in_o who_o place_n his_o brother_n edred_n be_v crown_v king_n of_o england_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o his_o government_n but_o he_o make_v a_o expedition_n against_o scotland_n and_o northumberland_n which_o be_v subdue_v he_o receive_v fealty_n and_o homage_n by_o oath_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n which_o they_o do_v not_o long_o observe_v short_o after_o howel_n dha_n after_o a_o a.d._n 948_o long_a and_o peaceable_a reign_n over_o wales_n dye_v much_o lament_v and_o bewail_v of_o all_o his_o subject_n be_v a_o prince_n of_o a_o religious_a and_o a_o virtuous_a inclination_n and_o one_o that_o ever_o regard_v the_o welfare_n and_o prosperity_n of_o his_o people_n he_o leave_v issue_n behind_o he_o owen_n run_z roderic_n and_o edwin_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n late_a prince_n of_o north_n wales_n great_a war_n and_o commotion_n arise_v afterward_o about_o the_o chief_a rule_n and_o government_n of_o wales_n but_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n as_o some_o writer_n record_v be_v these_o viz._n owen_n who_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o father_n eineon_n meredyth_n dyfnwal_n and_o rodri_n the_o two_o last_o whereof_o as_o be_v conceive_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o battle_n fight_v near_o lhanrwst_n in_o the_o year_n 952._o by_o the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n run_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n who_o be_v slay_v before_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n conan_n y_o cwn_n who_o possess_v anglesey_n edwin_n who_o be_v also_o slay_v as_o be_v suppose_v in_o the_o forementioned_a battle_n there_o be_v also_o another_o battle_n fight_v betwixt_o howel_n and_o conan_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n foel_n for_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n wherein_o conan_n fall_v and_o gruffydh_n his_o son_n renew_v the_o war_n be_v likewise_o overcome_v and_o so_o cyngar_n a_o powerful_a person_n be_v drive_v out_o of_o the_o island_n howel_n enjoy_v quiet_a possession_n thereof_o and_o of_o the_o rest_n of_o gwynedh_n it_o be_v suppose_v that_o this_o howel_n dha_n be_v choose_v governor_n of_o wales_n during_o the_o minority_n of_o his_o uncle_n anarawd_n son_n who_o at_o the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n be_v too_o young_a to_o manage_v the_o principality_n which_o he_o keep_v till_o his_o return_n from_o rome_n at_o which_o time_n edwal_n foel_n be_v come_v of_o age_n he_o resign_v to_o he_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gwynedh_n or_o north-wales_n together_o with_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o all_o wales_n before_o which_o time_n howel_n be_v style_v brenhin_n cymry_n oll_n that_o be_v king_n of_o all_o wales_n as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o preface_n to_o that_o body_n of_o law_n compile_v by_o he_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n dha_n his_o son_n divide_v betwixt_o they_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o powis_n lay_v no_o claim_n to_o north-wales_n though_o their_o father_n have_v be_v a_o general_a prince_n of_o all_o wales_n but_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n have_v put_v by_o their_o elder_a brother_n meyric_n as_o a_o person_n uncapable_a of_o government_n and_o be_v dissatisfy_v with_o the_o rule_n of_o north_n wales_n only_o imagine_v that_o the_o principality_n of_o all_o wales_n be_v their_o right_n as_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a house_n which_o the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n deny_v they_o indeed_o they_o have_v be_v wrongful_o keep_v out_o of_o the_o government_n of_o north_n wales_n during_o the_o reign_n of_o howel_n in_o who_o time_n the_o recovery_n of_o their_o own_o be_v impracticable_a by_o reason_n that_o for_o his_o moderation_n and_o other_o good_a quality_n he_o have_v attract_v to_o himself_o the_o universal_a love_n of_o all_o the_o welsh_a but_o now_o he_o be_v go_v they_o be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n receive_v by_o he_o upon_o his_o son_n and_o upon_o a_o small_a pretence_n endeavour_v to_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o wales_n to_o their_o own_o subjection_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n be_v indeed_o descend_v from_o the_o elder_a branch_n but_o since_o roderic_n the_o great_a confer_v the_o principality_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o his_o young_a son_n cadelh_n the_o father_n of_o howel_n dha_n it_o be_v but_o just_a his_o son_n shall_v enjoy_v what_o be_v legal_o descend_v to_o they_o by_o their_o father_n but_o ambition_n seldom_o give_v place_n to_o equity_n and_o therefore_o right_a or_o wrong_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n must_v have_v a_o touch_n for_o south-wales_n which_o they_o enter_v with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o be_v oppose_v they_o obtain_v a_o very_a opportune_a victory_n over_o owen_n and_o his_o brethren_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n at_o the_o hill_n of_o carno_n the_o next_o year_n the_o a.d._n 950_o two_o brother_n enter_v twice_o into_o south-wales_n destroy_v and_o waste_v dyfet_n and_o slay_v dwnwalhon_n lord_n of_o the_o country_n short_o after_o which_o roderic_n the_o three_o a.d._n 951_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n die_v but_o his_o brethren_n perceive_v the_o folly_n of_o stand_v only_o upon_o the_o defensive_a muster_v a.d._n 952_o all_o their_o force_n together_o and_o enter_v north-wales_n march_v as_o far_o as_o lhanrwst_n upon_o the_o river_n conwy_n where_o jevaf_a and_o jago_n meet_v they_o a_o very_a cruel_a battle_n ensue_v upon_o this_o and_o a_o very_a great_a number_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o howel_n dha_n but_o the_o victory_n plain_o favour_v the_o brother_n jevaf_n and_o jago_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v oblige_v to_o retire_v to_o cardiganshire_n whither_o they_o be_v warm_o pursue_v and_o that_o country_n cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o next_o year_n merfyn_n be_v unhappy_o a.d._n 953_o drown_a and_o short_o after_o congelach_n king_n of_o ireland_n be_v slay_v the_o scot_n and_o northumbrian_n have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o king_n edred_n he_o be_v scarce_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n but_o aulafe_v with_o a_o great_a army_n land_v
haviâ—â—_n destroy_v st_n david_n lhanbadarn_n lhanrhystyd_n lhaâ—dydoch_n and_o several_a other_o religious_a place_n the_o country_n be_v so_o cruel_o harass_v and_o weaken_v that_o prince_n meredith_n be_v force_v to_o compound_v with_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 988_o pay_v a_o tribute_n of_o one_o penny_n for_o every_o person_n withâ—â—_n his_o dominion_n which_o in_o welsh_a be_v call_v glwmaâ—_n otherwise_o the_o tribute_n of_o the_o black_a army_n anâ—_n ireland_n too_o at_o this_o time_n receive_v no_o inconsiderablâ—_n blow_v from_o the_o dane_n who_o slay_v elwmaen_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d abloic_a king_n of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o spoil_v and_o ravage_v that_o kingdom_n that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o naâ—tives_n perish_v by_o famine_n a.d._n 989_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o dyfnwal_n a_o maâ—_n of_o a_o considerable_a note_n and_o reputation_n among_o the_o welsh_a be_v slay_v beside_o which_o nothing_o remarkable_a happen_v this_o year_n but_o the_o next_o year_n edwin_n ap_fw-mi eineon_n whâ—_n be_v right_a heir_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_a have_v draw_v to_o his_o help_n a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a a.d._n 990_o â—nd_a dane_n hostible_o enter_v into_o meredith_n country_n spoil_v all_o the_o land_n of_o cardigan_n dyfe_v gwyr_n kydâ—ely_a and_o st._n david_n and_o receive_v hostage_n of_o the_o chief_a person_n of_o those_o country_n to_o own_v he_o as_o their_o rightful_a prince_n to_o return_v these_o outrage_n upon_o edwin_n meredith_n destroy_v the_o town_n of_o radnor_n spoil_v a.d._n 991_o glamorgan_n and_o carry_v the_o chief_a man_n therein_o prisoner_n who_o pay_v their_o ransom_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n but_o whilâ—_n wales_n be_v in_o this_o totter_a conâ—ition_n and_o scarce_o any_o place_n free_a from_o hostility_n it_o happy_o fall_v out_o that_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n be_v make_v friend_n and_o the_o difference_n compose_v between_o they_o â—o_z that_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n who_o come_v in_o with_o edwin_n â—nd_v who_o expect_v to_o fare_v best_a by_o these_o civil_a disturbance_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v unexpected_o cashier_v and_o send_v home_o and_o soon_o after_o this_o agreement_n cadwalhon_n the_o only_a son_n of_o meredith_n die_v which_o render_v the_o composition_n between_o meredith_n and_o edwin_n more_o firm_a by_o reason_n that_o this_o latter_a thought_n now_o without_o any_o dispute_n to_o succeed_v meredith_n in_o his_o principality_n but_o this_o fall_v short_a of_o his_o aim_n for_o meredith_n be_v very_o much_o disturb_v in_o south-wales_n have_v â—o_o much_o work_v upon_o his_o hand_n to_o defend_v that_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v north-wales_n open_a and_o expose_v to_o the_o common_a enemy_n which_o the_o dane_n be_v quick_o acquaint_v with_o and_o so_o land_v in_o anglesâ—y_n they_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a island_n the_o north-wales_n man_n find_v themselves_o thus_o forsake_v by_o meredith_n and_o their_o country_n like_o to_o be_v overrun_v by_o the_o dane_n if_o not_o timely_o prevent_v set_v up_o edwal_n the_o son_n a.d._n 992_o of_o meyric_n the_o indisputable_a heir_n of_o north-wales_n though_o long_o keep_v from_o it_o and_o own_v he_o for_o their_o prince_n but_o those_o incessant_a war_n and_o commotion_n in_o south-wales_n occasion_v a_o very_a dismal_a famine_n and_o scarcity_n in_o the_o country_n of_o which_o a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o people_n perish_v and_o thus_o meredith_n who_o have_v once_o conquer_v north-wales_n and_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v get_v possession_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o right_a or_o title_n to_o either_o be_v now_o oblige_v to_o relinquish_v the_o one_o and_o be_v scarce_o able_a to_o maintain_v the_o other_o edwal_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a.d._n 993_o edwal_n after_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a expectation_n be_v now_o joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n for_o their_o prince_n endeavour_v the_o first_o thing_n to_o defend_v his_o subject_n from_o the_o injury_n and_o depredation_n they_o receive_v from_o the_o dane_n and_o have_v in_o a_o measure_n effect_v that_o he_o be_v accost_v by_o another_o enemy_n for_o meredith_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_n the_o indignity_n and_o disgrace_n put_v upon_o he_o by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o deprive_v he_o of_o the_o government_n of_o their_o country_n gather_v and_o muster_v together_o all_o his_o power_n intend_v to_o recover_v again_o that_o principality_n be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o lhangwm_n edwal_n meet_v he_o and_o in_o plain_a battle_n rout_v his_o army_n in_o which_o action_n theodor_n or_o tewdor_n mawr_z meredith_n nephew_n be_v slay_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n rhys_n and_o rytherch_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v elen._n but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o it_o be_v not_o tewdor_n mawr_z but_o his_o brother_n edwin_n that_o be_v slay_v in_o this_o battle_n which_o also_o seem_v rather_o to_o have_v be_v fight_v at_o hengwm_n in_o ardudwy_n in_o merion_v shire_n than_o at_o lhangwm_n for_o in_o that_o place_n there_o be_v to_o this_o day_n certain_a monument_n of_o victory_n to_o be_v see_v as_o heap_n of_o stone_n tombstone_n and_o column_n which_o they_o call_v carneddi_n hengwm_n edwal_n return_v home_o triumphant_o after_o this_o victory_n think_v he_o have_v now_o secure_v himself_o in_o his_o government_n and_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v his_o dominion_n quiet_o and_o without_o any_o molestation_n but_o he_o have_v scarce_o recover_v the_o fatigue_n of_o the_o last_o engagement_n when_o swain_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n have_v late_o pillage_v and_o waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man_n land_v in_o north-wales_n who_o edwal_n endeavour_v to_o oppose_v be_v slay_v in_o the_o encounter_n leave_v one_o son_n behind_o he_o called_z jago_z within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o dane_n return_v again_o against_o st._n david_n and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n slay_v morgency_n or_o vrgeney_n bishop_n of_o that_o diocese_n prince_n meredith_n be_v high_o concern_v at_o the_o mischief_n these_o barbarous_a people_n continual_o do_v to_o his_o country_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o â—epel_v their_o insolence_n out_o of_o grief_n and_o vexation_n die_v have_v issue_n one_o only_a daughter_n name_v angharad_n who_o be_v twice_o marry_v first_o to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi sitsylhe_fw-mi and_o after_o his_o death_n to_o confyn_n hirdref_n or_o â—as_v other_o think_v to_o confyn_n ap_fw-mi gwerystan_n she_o have_v child_n by_o both_o husband_n which_o occasion_v afterward_o great_a disturbance_n and_o civil_a commotion_n in_o wales_n the_o issue_n of_o both_o adventure_n pretend_v a_o right_a of_o succession_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n aedan_n ap_fw-mi blegorad_n edwal_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n be_v kill_v in_o the_o battle_n against_o swain_n and_o have_v no_o other_o issue_n â—han_fw-mi jago_n who_o be_v a_o minor_a and_o 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1101._o a._n d._n 1101._o under_o pretence_n of_o consult_v about_o the_o king_n business_n and_o affair_n in_o those_o part_n but_o the_o plot_n be_v lay_v deep_o and_o when_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n he_o make_v his_o appearance_n he_o be_v surprize_o attaint_v of_o high-treason_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o all_o right_a and_o justice_n actual_o condemn_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n the_o true_a reason_n of_o this_o unparalleled_a severity_n be_v the_o king_n fear_v his_o strength_n and_o be_v apprehensive_a that_o he_o will_v revenge_v the_o wrong_n and_o affront_v he_o receive_v at_o his_o hand_n and_o indeed_o well_o have_v he_o reason_n to_o fear_v that_o when_o he_o so_o ungrateful_o treat_v he_o who_o service_n he_o have_v experience_v to_o be_v so_o great_o advantageous_a to_o he_o but_o the_o policy_n of_o prince_n be_v unaccountable_a and_o whether_o to_o value_v a_o eminent_a person_n for_o his_o service_n or_o to_o fear_v he_o for_o his_o greatness_n be_v a_o subject_a that_o frequent_o disturb_v their_o most_o settle_a consideration_n but_o the_o nobleman_n that_o be_v at_o this_o time_n send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o shrewsbury_n be_v richard_n de_fw-fr belmersh_n who_o be_v chief_a agent_n about_o roger_n montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o bishopric_n of_o london_n and_o afterward_o appoint_v by_o this_o king_n to_o be_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n and_o governor_n of_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n with_o he_o be_v join_v in_o company_n walter_z constable_z the_o father_n of_o milo_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o rayner_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o county_n of_o salop._n about_o this_o time_n as_o bale_n write_v the_o church_n of_o menevia_n or_o s._n david_n begin_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o see_v of_o canterbury_n be_v always_o afore_o the_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o all_o wales_n a.d._n 1102_o short_o after_o this_o owen_z ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o have_v be_v author_n of_o no_o small_a mischief_n and_o disturbance_n to_o the_o welsh_a in_o move_v the_o english_a against_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o son_n in_o law_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o tedious_a and_o miserable_a sickness_n of_o which_o he_o be_v so_o much_o the_o less_o pity_a by_o how_o much_o he_o have_v prove_v a_o enemy_n and_o a_o traitor_n to_o his_o native_a country_n he_o be_v the_o son_n of_o grono_n by_o his_o wife_n edelflede_v the_o widow_n of_o edmund_n surname_v ironside_n king_n of_o england_n and_o have_v the_o title_n of_o tegengl_n though_o the_o english_a when_o they_o have_v compel_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n to_o flee_v to_o ireland_n for_o safety_n constitute_v he_o prince_n of_o all_o north-wales_n after_o his_o death_n richard_n fitz-baldwyn_n lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n and_o forcible_o drive_v howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n to_o who_o king_n henry_n have_v commit_v the_o custody_n of_o it_o out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o howel_n quick_o return_v and_o with_o a_o high_a spirit_n of_o revenge_n begin_v to_o destroy_v and_o burn_v whatsoever_o he_o can_v meet_v with_o and_o then_o meet_v a_o party_n of_o the_o norman_n in_o their_o return_n homeward_o he_o fall_v upon_o the_o flank_n of_o they_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a slaughter_n and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n except_v some_o few_o garrison_n and_o castle_n which_o will_v not_o surrender_v to_o he_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n take_v away_o from_o saer_n the_o government_n of_o dyfed_a which_o former_o be_v jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi blethyn's_fw-mi and_o bestow_v it_o upon_o gerald_n who_o have_v be_v some_o time_n earl_n arnulph_n steward_n in_o those_o part_n and_o therefore_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o knowledge_n of_o the_o country_n be_v in_o all_o probability_n best_o able_a to_o take_v
upon_o he_o the_o management_n of_o it_o but_o the_o norman_n in_o rydcors_n castle_n be_v sensible_a that_o they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o effect_v any_o thing_n against_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n in_o open_a field_n after_o their_o accustom_a manner_n begin_v to_o put_v that_o in_o execution_n by_o treachery_n which_o they_o can_v not_o compass_v by_o force_n of_o arms._n and_o how_o to_o make_v howel_n a_o sacrifice_n to_o those_o norman_n he_o have_v late_o slay_v they_o can_v find_v no_o safe_a way_n than_o by_o corrupt_v one_o gwgan_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n a_o man_n in_o great_a favour_n and_o esteem_v with_o howel_n upon_o the_o account_n chief_o that_o one_o of_o his_o child_n be_v nurse_v by_o gwgan_n wife_n this_o ungrateful_a villain_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o wicked_a intrigue_n the_o more_o unsuspected_a give_v howel_n a_o very_a earnest_a invitation_n to_o his_o house_n to_o a_o merriment_n where_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n be_v come_v he_o be_v welcome_v with_o all_o the_o seem_a affection_n and_o kindness_n imaginable_a but_o no_o soon_o be_v he_o settle_v a.d._n 1103_o but_o gwgan_n give_v notice_n thereof_o to_o the_o norman_a garrison_n and_o therefore_o by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o enter_v the_o town_n and_o come_v about_o the_o house_n where_o howel_n lie_v in_o bed_n they_o present_o give_v a_o great_a shout_n howel_n hear_v the_o noise_n suspect_v something_o of_o mischief_n and_o therefore_o leap_v in_o all_o haste_n out_o of_o bed_n he_o make_v to_o his_o weapon_n but_o can_v not_o find_v they_o by_o reason_n that_o gwgan_n have_v convey_v they_o away_o whilst_o he_o be_v asleep_a and_o now_o be_v assure_v of_o treachery_n in_o the_o case_n and_o find_v that_o his_o man_n have_v flee_v for_o their_o life_n he_o endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n but_o gwgan_n and_o his_o company_n be_v too_o quick_a for_o he_o and_o so_o be_v secure_v they_o strangle_v he_o and_o deliver_v his_o body_n to_o the_o norman_n who_o have_v cut_v off_o his_o head_n convey_v it_o to_o the_o castle_n of_o rydcor_n this_o most_o villainous_a murder_n so_o barbarous_o commit_v upon_o the_o king_n lieutenant_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o take_v notice_n of_o for_o king_n henry_n be_v so_o unreasonable_o prejudice_v in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n that_o whatever_o misdemeanour_n be_v it_o of_o never_o so_o high_a a_o nature_n be_v by_o they_o commit_v it_o be_v present_o wink_v at_o and_o let_v fall_v to_o the_o ground_n whereas_o if_o the_o welsh_a trespass_v but_o against_o the_o least_o injunction_n of_o the_o king_n law_n they_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o they_o afterward_o stand_v up_o against_o the_o king_n in_o their_o own_o defence_n be_v by_o experience_n assure_v that_o he_o mind_v nothing_o more_o than_o their_o utter_a destruction_n about_o this_o time_n anselm_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n convene_v a_o synod_n at_o london_n wherein_o among_o other_o injunction_n then_o decree_v the_o celibacy_n of_o the_o clergy_n be_v enjoin_v marriage_n be_v before_o ever_o allow_v of_o in_o britain_n to_o they_o in_o holy_a order_n but_o this_o new_a injunction_n create_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o heat_n and_o animosity_n among_o the_o clergy_n some_o approve_v of_o it_o as_o reasonable_a and_o orthodoxical_a other_o condemn_v it_o as_o a_o innovation_n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o plain_a letter_n of_o scripture_n but_o during_o these_o dispute_n between_o the_o clergy_n king_n henry_n be_v now_o in_o the_o five_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n sail_v over_o with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o normandy_n where_o his_o brother_n robert_n together_o with_o robert_n de_fw-fr belesmo_n arnulph_n and_o william_n earl_n of_o mortaign_n give_v he_o battle_n but_o the_o king_n have_v obtain_v the_o victory_n take_v the_o duke_n his_o brother_n with_o william_n of_o mortaign_n prisoner_n and_o carry_v they_o into_o england_n he_o cause_v first_o his_o brother_n robert_n eye_n to_o be_v pluck_v out_o and_o then_o condemn_v they_o a.d._n 1104_o both_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o cardyff_fw-mi about_o the_o same_o time_n meyric_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n be_v both_o slay_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o uncle_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n who_o have_v be_v prisoner_n for_o a_o long_a time_n in_o england_n now_o break_v open_v the_o prison_n wherein_o he_o be_v very_o narrow_o confine_v and_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n have_v his_o estate_n restore_v which_o afterward_o he_o quiet_o enjoy_v a.d._n 1105_o the_o next_o year_n a_o very_a dismal_a and_o calamitous_a accident_n happen_v in_o the_o low-countries_n prove_v very_o incommodious_a and_o prejudicial_a to_o the_o welsh_a for_o a_o great_a part_n of_o flanders_n be_v drown_v by_o the_o overflow_a of_o the_o sea_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v compel_v d_o to_o seek_v for_o some_o other_o country_n to_o dwell_v in_o their_o own_o be_v now_o cover_v with_o water_n and_o therefore_o a_o great_a many_o be_v come_v over_o to_o england_n they_o request_v of_o king_n henry_n to_o assign_v they_o some_o part_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o be_v empty_a and_o void_a of_o inhabitant_n where_o they_o may_v settle_v and_o plant_v themselves_o the_o king_n take_v advantage_n of_o this_o charitable_a opportunity_n and_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n assure_v that_o these_o fleming_n will_v be_v a_o considerable_a thorn_n in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o welsh_a bestow_v upon_o they_o very_o liberal_o what_o be_v not_o just_o in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v and_o appoint_v they_o the_o country_n of_o ros_n in_o dyfed_a or_o west-wales_n where_o they_o continue_v to_o this_o day_n but_o gerald_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o those_o part_n be_v resolve_v to_o be_v aforehand_o with_o they_o and_o rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n in_o a_o place_n call_v congarth_n fechan_n whither_o he_o remove_v his_o family_n and_o all_o his_o good_n 1106._o a._n d._n 1106._o but_o here_o a_o very_a unfortunate_a accident_n happen_v to_o he_o for_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v prepare_v a_o sumptuous_a feast_n in_o the_o christmas_n invite_v all_o the_o lord_n to_o his_o countryhouse_n in_o dyfed_a and_o among_o the_o rest_n his_o son_n owen_n who_o live_v in_o powy_n this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v at_o his_o father_n house_n and_o hear_v nest_n the_o wife_n of_o gerald_n universal_o praise_v for_o her_o incomparable_a beauty_n be_v so_o smite_v with_o the_o rumour_n that_o go_v abroad_o of_o she_o that_o by_o all_o mean_v he_o must_v see_v the_o lady_n who_o be_v by_o all_o so_o much_o admire_v and_o forasmuch_o as_o gwladys_n wife_n to_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o mother_n to_o nest_n be_v the_o daughter_n of_o râ—walhon_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n cousin-german_a to_o cadwgan_n his_o father_n under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o relation_n he_o make_v bold_a to_o pay_v she_o a_o visit_n but_o find_v the_o truth_n far_o to_o surpass_v the_o fame_n that_o go_v of_o she_o he_o return_v home_o so_o inflame_v with_o her_o charm_n that_o not_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v the_o mastery_n over_o himself_o he_o go_v back_o again_o the_o very_a same_o night_n and_o be_v attend_v by_o a_o company_n of_o wild_a headstrong_a youth_n they_o privy_o enter_v into_o the_o castle_n and_o encompass_v the_o chamber_n about_o where_o gerald_n and_o his_o wife_n lie_v they_o set_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n gerald_n hear_v a_o noise_n will_v fain_o go_v out_o to_o know_v the_o meaning_n of_o such_o unseasonable_a disturbance_n but_o his_o wife_n fear_v some_o treachery_n persuade_v he_o to_o make_v as_o private_a a_o escape_n as_o he_o can_v and_o then_o pull_v up_o a_o board_n in_o the_o privy_a let_v he_o go_v that_o way_n then_o return_v to_o her_o chamber_n she_o will_v fain_o assure_v those_o notorious_a youth_n that_o there_o be_v no_o body_n beside_o herself_o and_o child_n there_o but_o this_o be_v not_o satifactory_a they_o forcible_o break_v in_o and_o have_v search_v every_o the_o most_o private_a corner_n and_o not_o find_v gerald_n they_o take_v his_o wife_n and_o two_o son_n with_o a_o son_n and_o a_o daughter_n bear_v by_o a_o concubine_n and_o carry_v they_o away_o to_o powy_n have_v first_o set_v fire_n to_o the_o castle_n and_o destroy_v the_o country_n as_o they_o go_v along_o cadwgan_n owen_n father_n hear_v of_o what_o outrageous_a crime_n his_o son_n have_v commit_v be_v exceed_o concern_v and_o sorry_a chief_o because_o hereby_o he_o be_v like_a to_o incur_v king_n henry_n great_a displeasure_n and_o therefore_o he_o go_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o powy_n and_o desire_v his_o son_n with_o all_o entreaty_n to_o send_v home_o to_o gerald_n his_o wife_n and_o child_n with_o whatever_o else_o he_o have_v take_v
away_o from_o he_o but_o owen_n be_v so_o amorous_o inexorable_a with_o respect_n to_o the_o woman_n that_o he_o will_v by_o no_o mean_n part_n with_o she_o however_o upon_o her_o request_n he_o be_v willing_a to_o restore_v gerald_n his_o child_n back_o again_o which_o forthwith_o he_o perform_v but_o when_o richard_n bishop_n of_o london_n who_o king_n henry_n have_v constitute_v warden_n of_o the_o march_n be_v now_o at_o shrewsbury_n hear_v of_o this_o he_o send_v for_o ithel_n and_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o ryryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o interest_n in_o wales_n promise_v they_o very_o considerable_a reward_n beside_o the_o government_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n in_o case_n they_o can_v bring_v owen_n and_o his_o father_n cadwgan_n either_o dead_a or_o alive_a to_o he_o that_o he_o may_v revenge_v that_o heinous_a affront_n which_o they_o have_v do_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n with_o they_o he_o join_v lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n who_o two_o brethren_n owen_n have_v slay_v and_o vchtryd_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n which_o four_o undertake_v to_o answer_v effectual_o the_o bishop_n proposal_n to_o they_o but_o when_o they_o have_v unite_v their_o force_n and_o begin_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o destroy_v the_o country_n as_o they_o pass_v along_o vchtryd_v send_v private_a notice_n before_o he_o require_v all_o who_o be_v any_o way_n desirous_a of_o their_o own_o safety_n to_o come_v to_o he_o because_o no_o quarter_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o any_o that_o be_v find_v in_o the_o country_n the_o people_n be_v thus_o so_o opportune_o forewarn_v begin_v to_o bethink_v with_o themselves_o how_o they_o may_v best_o avoid_v so_o eminent_a a_o danger_n and_o thereupon_o some_o flee_v to_o arust_o other_o to_o melienyth_n some_o to_o stradtywy_a and_o some_o to_o dyfe_v but_o in_o this_o latter_a place_n they_o meet_v with_o very_o cold_a welcome_n for_o gerald_n who_o be_v then_o very_o busy_a in_o exercise_v revenge_n upon_o that_o country_n fall_v in_o among_o they_o cut_v off_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o they_o the_o like_a fate_n befall_v they_o who_o escape_v to_o arust_o and_z melienyth_n for_o walter_n bishop_n of_o hereford_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n in_o defence_n of_o the_o town_n of_o caermyrdhyn_n before_o he_o can_v come_v thither_o accidental_o meet_v with_o these_o straggle_a fugitive_n and_o know_v what_o country_n they_o belong_v to_o without_o any_o further_a ceremony_n he_o fall_v upon_o they_o and_o put_v most_o of_o they_o to_o the_o sword_n but_o they_o who_o flee_v to_o stradtywy_a be_v gentle_o receive_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n and_o such_o as_o resort_v to_o vchtryd_v be_v kind_o entertain_v by_o he_o and_o so_o he_o march_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o confederate_n to_o rydcors_n castle_n it_o be_v the_o general_a opinion_n that_o it_o be_v best_a to_o enter_v the_o country_n by_o night_n and_o to_o take_v cadwgan_n and_o 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to_o burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n which_o they_o do_v effectual_o except_v the_o two_o sanctuary_n of_o lhanpadarn_n and_o lhandewi_n brefi_n out_o of_o which_o however_o they_o take_v several_a person_n who_o have_v escape_v thither_o and_o carry_v they_o away_o prisoner_n to_o their_o several_a country_n but_o owen_n with_o they_o who_o be_v accessary_a to_o the_o burn_a of_o rydcors_n castle_n be_v flee_v into_o ireland_n desire_v the_o umbrage_n and_o protection_n of_o king_n murcart_n who_o receive_v he_o very_o glad_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o former_a acquaintance_n for_o owen_n during_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o chester_n and_o the_o welsh_a have_v flee_v to_o king_n murcart_n and_o bring_v he_o very_o rich_a present_n from_o wales_n cadwgan_n all_o this_o while_n lie_v private_o in_o powy_n but_o think_v it_o impossible_a to_o continue_v there_o long_o undiscovered_a he_o adjudge_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o send_v to_o king_n henry_n and_o to_o declare_v his_o innocency_n and_o abhorrence_n of_o that_o fact_n which_o his_o son_n have_v commit_v the_o king_n be_v easy_o persuade_v that_o the_o old_a man_n be_v guiltless_a and_o whole_o ignorant_a of_o his_o son_n crime_n and_o therefore_o he_o give_v he_o permission_n to_o remain_v in_o the_o country_n and_o to_o enjoy_v the_o town_n and_o land_n he_o receive_v by_o his_o wife_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o a_o norman_a lord_n call_v pygot_n de_fw-fr say_n but_o his_o land_n in_o powy_n be_v otherwise_o distribute_v for_o his_o nephew_n madoc_n and_o ithel_n find_v what_o circumstance_n their_o uncle_n cadwgan_n lie_v under_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o son_n owen_n they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o such_o land_n as_o he_o and_o his_o son_n possess_v in_o powy_n though_o afterward_o they_o can_v never_o agree_v about_o the_o equal_a distribution_n of_o it_o to_o counterbalance_n this_o cadwgan_n make_v such_o friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o upon_o pay_v the_o fine_a of_o 100_o l._n he_o have_v a_o grant_n of_o all_o his_o land_n in_o cardigan_n and_o a_o power_n to_o recall_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o have_v rub_v off_o upon_o the_o publication_n of_o the_o king_n be_v late_a order_n that_o no_o welshman_n or_o norman_n shall_v dwell_v in_o cardigan_n upon_o information_n of_o this_o grant_n to_o cadwgan_n several_a of_o they_o that_o retire_v to_o ireland_n return_v again_o private_o to_o wales_n and_o lurk_o remain_v with_o their_o friend_n but_o owen_n dare_v not_o appear_v in_o cardigan_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o father_n have_v receive_v that_o country_n from_o king_n henry_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o will_v never_o entertain_v or_o receive_v his_o son_n nor_o by_o any_o mean_n succour_v he_o either_o with_o man_n or_o money_n nevertheless_o owen_n come_v to_o powy_n and_o will_v fain_o be_v reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n and_o make_v a_o atonement_n for_o his_o late_a misdemeanour_n 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of_o those_o who_o enjoy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o welshman_n land_n but_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v till_o they_o get_v all_o for_o gilbert_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strygill_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v cardigan_n make_v great_a complaint_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n declare_v how_o that_o he_o receive_v and_o entertain_v such_o person_n as_o spoil_v and_o rob_v in_o his_o country_n and_z hugh_z earl_n of_o chester_n make_v the_o like_a of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n how_o that_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o man_n of_o grono_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n lord_n of_o tegengl_n unreproved_a waste_v and_o burn_v the_o country_n of_o cheshire_n and_o to_o aggravate_v the_o matter_n the_o more_o he_o add_v far_o that_o gruffydh_n neither_o owe_v any_o service_n nor_o pay_v any_o tribute_n to_o the_o king_n upon_o these_o complaint_n king_n henry_n be_v so_o cruel_o enrage_v that_o he_o swear_v he_o will_v not_o leave_v one_o live_a creature_n remain_v in_o north-wales_n and_o powys-land_n but_o have_v extirpate_v utter_o the_o present_a race_n of_o people_n he_o will_v plant_v a_o colony_n of_o new_a inhabitant_n and_o then_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o three_o part_n he_o deliver_v one_o to_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o strygill_n to_o go_v against_o south-wales_n which_o comprehend_v the_o whole_a power_n of_o the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n and_o cornwall_n the_o next_o battle_n be_v design_v against_o north-wales_n in_o which_o be_v all_o the_o strength_n of_o scotland_n and_o the_o north_n and_o be_v command_v by_o alexander_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n the_o three_o the_o king_n lead_v himself_o against_o powy_n wherein_o be_v contain_v the_o whole_a strength_n of_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o england_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n hearing_n of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n and_o be_v inform_v that_o this_o vast_a army_n be_v design_v against_o 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not_o follow_v they_o and_o as_o many_o as_o attempt_v to_o come_v at_o they_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o wound_v in_o the_o strait_n but_o alexander_n king_n of_o the_o scot_n find_v that_o nothing_o can_v possible_o be_v effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a as_o long_o as_o they_o keep_v the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n send_v to_o prince_n gruffydh_n advise_v he_o to_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n promise_v he_o all_o his_o interest_n to_o obtain_v a_o honourable_a peace_n but_o the_o prince_n be_v too_o well_o acquaint_v with_o english_a promise_n and_o therefore_o refuse_v his_o proposal_n and_o so_o king_n henry_n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o return_v without_o do_v something_o in_o this_o expedition_n send_v to_o owen_n to_o forsake_v the_o prince_n who_o be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v himself_o but_o be_v ready_a to_o strike_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o scottish_a king_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n but_o this_o cunning_a insinuation_n will_v not_o take_v effect_n for_o owen_n be_v for_o his_o life_n as_o distrustful_a of_o king_n henry_n as_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o therefore_o he_o will_v hearken_v to_o no_o entreaty_n for_o revolt_a from_o he_o who_o have_v all_o this_o while_n afford_v he_o refuge_n till_o at_o length_n his_o uncle_n meredith_n a_o old_a insinuate_a politician_n persuade_v he_o with_o much_o a_o do_v not_o to_o forsake_v the_o king_n of_o england_n proposal_n who_o offer_v he_o all_o his_o land_n without_o tribute_n in_o case_n he_o will_v come_v to_o his_o side_n and_o therefore_o meredith_n advise_v he_o instant_o to_o accept_v of_o his_o offer_n before_o prince_n gruffydh_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n which_o if_o it_o be_v once_o do_v he_o will_v be_v glad_a upon_o any_o score_n to_o purchase_v the_o king_n mercy_n owen_n be_v prevail_v upon_o by_o such_o argument_n come_v to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o very_o gracious_o and_o tell_v he_o that_o because_o he_o believe_v his_o promise_n he_o will_v not_o only_o perform_v that_o but_o likewise_o exalt_v he_o above_o any_o of_o his_o kindred_n and_o grant_v he_o his_o land_n free_a from_o any_o payment_n of_o tribute_n prince_n gruffydh_n perceive_v how_o that_o owen_n have_v submit_v to_o the_o king_n think_v it_o also_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o sue_v for_o peace_n and_o so_o promise_v the_o king_n a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n a_o peace_n be_v then_o actual_o agree_v upon_o and_o confirm_v which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v the_o more_o ready_a to_o consent_v to_o because_o he_o find_v it_o impossible_a to_o do_v he_o any_o hurt_n whilst_o he_o continue_v encamp_v in_o that_o place_n some_o affirm_v that_o the_o submission_n as_o well_o of_o prince_n gruffydh_n as_o owen_n be_v procure_v by_o the_o policy_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n this_o last_o work_v with_o gruffydh_n and_o assure_v he_o that_o owen_n have_v make_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n before_o any_o such_o thing_n be_v in_o agitation_n so_o that_o the_o prince_n yield_v somewhat_o to_o the_o earl_n request_n if_o owen_n have_v go_v contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n which_o they_o have_v mutual_o take_v not_o to_o make_v any_o peace_n with_o the_o english_a without_o one_o another_o knowledge_n seem_v to_o incline_v to_o a_o peace_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n meredith_n go_v in_o person_n to_o his_o nephew_n owen_n affirm_v for_o truth_n that_o the_o prince_n and_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n be_v actual_o agree_v and_o that_o the_o prince_n be_v on_o his_o journey_n to_o the_o king_n to_o make_v his_o submission_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n meredith_n take_v especial_a care_n that_o all_o messenger_n betwixt_o the_o prince_n and_o owen_n shall_v be_v intercept_v and_o by_o that_o mean_v owen_n wilful_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n king_n henry_n have_v thus_o finish_v and_o bring_v to_o a_o end_n all_o his_o business_n in_o wales_n call_v owen_n to_o he_o tell_v he_o that_o in_o case_n he_o 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bring_v up_o in_o ireland_n and_o have_v come_v over_o about_o two_o year_n afore_o past_o his_o time_n private_o among_o his_o relation_n particular_o with_o gerald_n steward_n of_o pembroke_n his_o brother-in-law_n and_o now_o the_o noise_n of_o a_o new_a prince_n be_v spread_v abroad_o it_o come_v at_o last_o to_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o a_o certain_a person_n appear_v in_o wales_n who_o pretend_v to_o be_v the_o son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n late_o prince_n of_o south_n wales_n and_o lay_v claim_n to_o that_o principality_n which_o be_v now_o in_o the_o king_n hand_n king_n henry_n be_v somewhat_o concern_v with_o such_o a_o report_n and_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o new_a starter_n shall_v create_v he_o some_o great_a trouble_n he_o think_v to_o nip_v he_o in_o the_o bud_n and_o send_v down_o order_n
first_o on-let_a strike_v with_o a_o arrow_n into_o the_o heart_n of_o which_o wound_n he_o present_o die_v which_o when_o his_o man_n see_v they_o all_o flee_v and_o bring_v word_n to_o lhywarch_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o fellow_n of_o what_o have_v happen_v and_o so_o suspect_v the_o king_n army_n see_v they_o can_v not_o be_v trust_v in_o their_o service_n they_o all_o return_v to_o their_o respective_a country_n owen_n be_v in_o this_o manner_n unhappy_o slay_v his_o brethren_n divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o except_v caereneon_n which_o proper_o belong_v to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ryryd_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o which_o he_o have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o his_o uncle_n meredith_n his_o father_n cadwgan_n have_v several_a child_n by_o different_a woman_n and_o beside_o himself_o he_o have_v issue_n madawc_n by_o gwenlhian_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n eineon_n by_o sanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o dyfnwal_n morgan_n by_o efelhiw_n or_o elhiw_n the_o daughter_n of_o cadifor_n ap_fw-mi colhoyn_v lord_n of_o dyfed_a henry_n and_o gruffydh_n be_v by_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o lord_n pigot_n his_o wed_a wife_n meredith_n by_o eururon_n hoedliw_n and_o himself_o by_o inerth_n the_o daughter_n of_o edwin_n but_o a_o while_n afterward_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n and_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n in_o merionythshire_n which_o be_v late_o build_v by_o vchtryd_v ap_fw-mi edwin_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v bestow_v upon_o vchtryd_v his_o cofin-german_a merionyth_n and_o cyfeilioc_n upon_o condition_n that_o in_o all_o case_n he_o shall_v appear_v his_o friend_n and_o his_o son_n after_o he_o contrary_a to_o which_o promise_n he_o bear_v no_o manner_n of_o regard_n to_o cadwgan_n child_n after_o owen_n death_n but_o to_o strengthen_v himself_o the_o better_a he_o erect_v this_o castle_n of_o cymmer_n which_o very_o much_o displease_v many_o of_o cadwgan_n son_n and_o 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henry_n have_v give_v all_o cardigan_n depart_v this_o life_n after_o a_o long_a fit_a of_o a_o consumption_n much_o to_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v in_o great_a measure_n displease_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o their_o own_o natural_a lord_n cadwgan_n from_o who_o this_o country_n be_v take_v away_o and_o be_v force_v to_o serve_v and_o be_v subject_a to_o a_o stranger_n who_o kindness_n they_o have_v no_o great_a reason_n to_o expect_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1115_o a_o irreconcilable_a quarrel_n happen_v betwixt_o howel_n ap_fw-mi ithel_n lord_n of_o ros_n and_o ryfonioc_n now_o denbighland_n and_o riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o when_o they_o can_v not_o otherwise_o agree_v they_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war_n and_o thereupon_o howel_n send_v to_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o to_o eineon_n and_o madawc_n cadwgan_n son_n who_o come_v down_o from_o merionyth_n with_o a_o party_n of_o four_o hundred_o well-disciplined_a man_n and_o encamp_v in_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n riryd_n and_o lhywarch_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n deâ—â—red_v the_o assistance_n of_o their_o cousin_n the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v and_o so_o both_o army_n meet_v in_o the_o vale_n of_o clwyd_n they_o fall_v to_o blow_n with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spirit_n and_o alacrity_n and_o after_o a_o tedious_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n lhywarch_n owen_n ap_fw-mi edwyn's_fw-mi son_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o with_o he_o jorwerth_n the_o son_n of_o nudh_n a_o noble_a and_o a_o valorous_a person_n and_o riryd_n be_v force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n by_o flight_n but_o though_o howel_n obtain_v the_o victory_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o long_o survive_v his_o slay_a enemy_n for_o have_v receive_v a_o desperate_a wound_n in_o the_o action_n dye_v of_o it_o within_o forty_o day_n and_o than_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o stay_v long_o there_o 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so_o long_o but_o that_o within_o a_o short_a time_n he_o begin_v to_o solace_v and_o raise_v his_o droop_a spirit_n with_o the_o thought_n of_o a_o new_a wife_n and_o have_v marry_v adelice_n a.d._n 1118_o the_o daughter_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o louvain_n he_o purpose_v to_o go_v against_o wales_n and_o have_v prepare_v his_o force_n he_o lead_v they_o in_o person_n to_o powys-land_n when_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n and_o eineon_n madawc_n and_o morgan_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o country_n hear_v of_o it_o they_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n desire_v some_o help_n at_o his_o hand_n who_o flat_o refuse_v assure_v they_o that_o because_o he_o be_v at_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n he_o can_v neither_o with_o honour_n nor_o safety_n send_v they_o any_o succour_n nor_o permit_v they_o to_o come_v within_o his_o dominion_n the_o lord_n of_o powy_n receive_v this_o unwelcome_a answer_n and_o have_v now_o 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interdict_v and_o forbid_v to_o enter_v any_o man_n house_n or_o to_o compose_v any_o song_n of_o any_o one_o without_o the_o special_a leave_n and_o warrant_v of_o the_o party_n concern_v with_o many_o other_o ordinance_n relate_v to_o the_o like_a purpose_n owen_n gwynedh_n after_o the_o death_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n his_o elder_a son_n owen_n surname_v gwynedh_n succeed_v in_o the_o principality_n of_o north_n wales_n who_o no_o soon_o have_v enter_v upon_o the_o government_n but_o together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o make_v a_o expedition_n into_o south-wales_n and_o have_v demolish_v and_o overthrow_v the_o castle_n of_o stradmeyric_n stephan_n and_o humffreys_n and_o lay_v in_o ash_n the_o town_n of_o caermardhyn_n he_o return_v home_o with_o no_o less_o honour_n than_o booty_n and_o plunder_n about_o the_o same_o time_n john_n archdeacon_n of_o lhanbaran_n depart_v this_o life_n a_o man_n of_o singular_a piety_n and_o strictness_n of_o life_n 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assault_n other_o upon_o fair_a promise_n and_o advantageous_a condition_n be_v surrender_v up_o and_o some_o he_o get_v by_o treacherous_a and_o underhand_o contrivance_n the_o scot_n think_v to_o make_v good_a advantage_n of_o these_o commotion_n in_o england_n and_o thereupon_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o hear_v that_o some_o of_o the_o english_a nobility_n be_v in_o actual_a rebellion_n against_o the_o king_n they_o enter_v into_o the_o border_n and_o begin_v as_o they_o think_v without_o any_o apprehension_n of_o opposition_n to_o ravage_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o country_n before_o '_o they_o but_o william_n earl_n of_o albemarle_n william_n pyppell_n earl_n of_o nottingham_n walter_n espec_n and_o gilbert_n lacie_n gather_v together_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v raise_v in_o the_o north_n and_o be_v animate_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o eloquent_a and_o press_a oration_n of_o ralph_n bishop_n of_o orkneys_n which_o he_o deliver_v in_o the_o audience_n of_o the_o whole_a 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of_o gloucester_n and_o be_v there_o honourable_o receive_v by_o william_n de_fw-fr albineto_n who_o be_v late_o marry_v to_o queen_n adeliz_n king_n henry_n widow_n with_o who_o he_o receive_v the_o earldom_n of_o arundel_n in_o dowry_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o king_n stephen_n hear_v of_o her_o land_n he_o march_v with_o all_o possible_a speed_n to_o arundel_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n but_o find_v it_o upon_o trial_n impregnable_a he_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v suffer_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n to_o escape_v to_o bristol_n a.d._n 1138_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unlucky_a accident_n fall_v out_o in_o wales_n cynric_n one_o of_o prince_n owen_n son_n have_v by_o some_o mean_n or_o other_o disgu_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a_o person_n of_o considerable_a esteem_n and_o estate_n in_o the_o country_n be_v with_o his_o connivance_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v by_o his_o men._n but_o the_o affair_n of_o england_n this_o year_n afford_v great_a rarity_n of_o action_n king_n stephen_n with_o a_o formidable_a army_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o lincoln_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o ranulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n march_v with_o their_o force_n but_o before_o they_o can_v arrive_v the_o town_n be_v take_v whereupon_o they_o draw_v up_o their_o force_n in_o order_n to_o give_v the_o king_n battle_n who_o on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v as_o ready_a to_o receive_v they_o king_n stephen_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n in_o three_o battle_n the_o first_o be_v lead_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o britain_n mellent_a norfolk_n hampton_n and_o warren_n the_o second_o by_o the_o earl_n of_o albemarle_n and_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o the_o three_o by_o the_o king_n himself_o assist_v by_o baldwyn_n fitz-gilbert_n with_o several_a other_o of_o his_o nobility_n of_o the_o enemy_n side_n the_o disinherited_a baron_n have_v the_o first_o place_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n with_o a_o considerable_a party_n of_o welshman_n far_o better_o courage_v than_o arm_v lead_v the_o second_o and_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n the_o three_o battle_n after_o a_o hot_a and_o bloody_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n the_o victory_n at_o length_n favour_v the_o baron_n king_n stephen_n be_v first_o take_v prisoner_n and_o a_o little_a after_o the_o queen_n together_o with_o william_n of_o ypres_n and_o bryan_n fitz-count_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o william_n martell_n and_o geffrey_n de_fw-fr mandeville_n gather_v together_o some_o fresh_a force_n and_o fight_v the_o empress_n and_o her_o brother_n at_o winchester_n and_o have_v put_v the_o empress_n to_o flight_n take_v earl_n robert_n prisoner_n for_o exchange_v of_o who_o the_o king_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n the_o next_o year_n king_n stephen_n will_v a.d._n 1139_o try_v the_o other_o adventure_n and_o receive_v a_o second_o overthrow_n at_o wilton_n which_o however_o do_v not_o so_o much_o discourage_v he_o but_o that_o he_o lay_v so_o close_a a_o siege_n to_o the_o empress_n at_o oxford_n that_o she_o be_v glad_a to_o make_v she_o escape_v to_o wallingford_n the_o same_o year_n die_v madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n a_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o note_n in_o wales_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n a_o man_n of_o no_o mean_a esteem_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n for_o the_o two_o succeed_a year_n nothing_o remarkable_a a.d._n 1140_o pass_v in_o wales_n except_v that_o this_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n of_o cantref_n rychan_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n be_v cowardly_o slay_v by_o the_o treachery_n and_o perfidious_a practice_n of_o the_o fleming_n and_o the_o next_o a.d._n 1141_o year_n howel_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o his_o own_o man_n at_o which_o time_n howel_n and_o cadwgan_n the_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n upon_o some_o unhappy_a quarrel_n do_v kill_v
they_o place_v themselves_o in_o a_o ambuscade_n and_o when_o the_o game_n come_v that_o way_n they_o unexpected_o set_v upon_o the_o unarmed_a sports-man_n and_o have_v easy_o make_v all_o the_o rest_n fly_v away_o they_o wound_v cadelh_n so_o cruel_o that_o he_o narrow_o escape_v their_o hand_n alive_a who_o make_v shift_n to_o get_v home_o lay_v for_o a_o long_a time_n dangerous_o ill_a and_o with_o great_a difficulty_n at_o length_n recover_v his_o life_n upon_o this_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n pass_v with_o a_o army_n into_o gwyr_n and_o have_v burn_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o they_o besiege_v and_o take_v the_o castle_n of_o aberlhychwr_n but_o find_v they_o can_v not_o keep_v it_o they_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o after_o that_o return_v home_o with_o great_a booty_n to_o dynefawr_n and_o repair_v the_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n there_o about_o the_o same_o time_n also_o howel_n prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n fortify_v humphry_n castle_n in_o the_o valley_n of_o caletwr_n a.d._n 1151_o but_o the_o follow_a year_n prince_n owen_n do_v a_o very_a barbarous_a action_n to_o cunetha_n his_o brother_n cadwalhon_n son_n for_o fear_v lest_o that_o this_o young_a man_n shall_v lay_v claim_n to_o any_o part_n of_o his_o estate_n as_o his_o father_n be_v right_a he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o afterward_o castrate_v he_o for_o fear_v he_o shall_v beget_v any_o child_n who_o may_v some_o time_n or_o other_o renew_v their_o claim_n and_o right_a to_o cadwalhon_n estate_n this_o inhuman_a severity_n be_v succeed_v by_o another_o of_o no_o small_a remark_n lhewelyn_n son_n to_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n have_v watch_v a_o convenient_a opportunity_n set_v upon_o and_o slay_v stephen_n the_o son_n of_o baldwin_n but_o cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n brother_n after_o a_o tedious_a imprisonment_n which_o he_o have_v sustain_v through_o the_o malice_n and_o rancour_n of_o his_o nephew_n howel_n at_o length_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o fly_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n bring_v a_o considerable_a part_n of_o that_o island_n under_o his_o subjection_n but_o prince_n owen_n hear_v how_o that_o his_o brother_n have_v get_v loose_a from_o custody_n and_o that_o he_o be_v in_o actual_a possession_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o anglesey_n he_o present_o dispatch_v a_o army_n over_o which_o prove_v too_o formidable_a to_o cadwalader_n party_n he_o be_v constrain_v to_o escape_v to_o england_n and_o to_o desire_v succour_n from_o his_o wife_n relation_n who_o be_v the_o daughter_n of_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n this_o year_n galfrede_n arthur_n common_o call_v geffrey_n of_o monmouth_n be_v make_v bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n simon_n archdeacon_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a_o man_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o esteem_n in_o his_o country_n die_v but_o the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n a.d._n 1152_o of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o penwedic_n castle_n which_o belong_v to_o howel_n prince_n owen_n son_n and_o after_o great_a pain_n and_o considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n of_o their_o side_n at_o last_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o from_o thence_o they_o march_v by_o night_n to_o tenby_n and_o unexpected_o fall_v upon_o the_o castle_n of_o which_o one_o william_n fitzgerald_n be_v governor_n they_o scale_v the_o wall_n before_o the_o garrison_n be_v aware_a of_o any_o danger_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o castle_n they_o fall_v foul_a upon_o the_o garrison_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o mischief_n they_o have_v do_v and_o further_o design_v to_o their_o brother_n cadelh_n for_o cadelh_n at_o this_o time_n be_v go_v upon_o a_o pilgrimage_n and_o during_o his_o absence_n have_v commit_v his_o whole_a inheritance_n and_o all_o other_o concern_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o care_n of_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n but_o after_o the_o take_a tenby-castle_n they_o divide_v their_o army_n into_o two_o party_n with_o one_o of_o which_o rhys_n march_v to_o ystratcongen_n and_o after_o great_a havoc_n and_o waste_v commit_v there_o he_o pass_v to_o cyfeilioc_n which_o fare_v in_o like_a manner_n with_o ystratcongen_n meredith_n with_o the_o other_o party_n sit_v before_o aberavan-castle_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n win_v and_o get_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o very_o considerable_a booty_n and_o many_o rich_a spoil_n about_o the_o same_o time_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o have_v live_v in_o continual_a enmity_n and_o frequent_a hostility_n with_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n leave_v his_o son_n hugh_n to_o enjoy_v both_o his_o title_n and_o estate_n in_o england_n and_o to_o prosecute_v the_o feud_n and_o hostility_n against_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1153_o and_o short_o after_o die_v meredith_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n who_o be_v lord_n of_o cardigan_n ystratywy_n and_o dyfed_a be_v not_o pass_v the_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o person_n of_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o audacity_n and_o in_o all_o his_o warlike_a attempt_n and_o achievement_n very_o fortunate_a he_o be_v present_o follow_v by_o geoffrey_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n as_o famous_a for_o learning_n and_o a_o good_a life_n as_o the_o other_o be_v for_o masculine_a bravery_n and_o martial_a prowess_n in_o england_n the_o face_n of_o thing_n look_v very_o lower_v henry_n surname_v shortmantel_n the_o empress_n son_n land_v in_o england_n and_o in_o his_o progress_n through_o the_o country_n take_v several_a castle_n among_o which_o be_v malmesbury_n wallingford_n and_o shrewsbury_n but_o his_o fury_n be_v quick_o appease_v by_o the_o death_n of_o eustace_n king_n stephen_n son_n so_o that_o the_o sole_a obstacle_n for_o his_o succeed_a to_o the_o crown_n be_v now_o remove_v he_o willing_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n stephen_n permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n peaceable_o for_o his_o life_n upon_o condition_n a._n d_o 1154_o that_o himself_o be_v declare_v his_o successor_n but_o king_n stephen_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v this_o treaty_n and_o then_o henry_n plantagenet_n the_o empress_z son_n be_v crown_v in_o a.d._n 1155_o his_o stead_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o king_n henry_n reign_n rhys_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n king_n of_o south_n wales_n upon_o apprehension_n that_o owen_n gwynedh_n have_v raise_v a_o army_n for_o the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n draw_v together_o all_o his_o strength_n and_o march_v to_o aberdyfi_n to_o face_v the_o enemy_n upon_o their_o own_o border_n but_o find_v the_o rumour_n to_o be_v false_a and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n have_v build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberdyfi_n which_o may_v defend_v the_o frontier_n from_o any_o future_a design_n of_o his_o country_n he_o return_v back_o without_o attempt_v any_o thing_n far_o at_o the_o same_o time_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n build_v a_o castle_n at_o caereneon_n near_o cymer_n and_o then_o eglwys_n fair_a in_o myfot_o be_v found_v about_o this_o time_n also_o meyric_n nephew_n to_o prince_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o prison_n wherein_o he_o have_v be_v detain_v by_o his_o uncle_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n the_o same_o year_n king_n henry_n be_v displease_v with_o the_o fleming_n who_o his_o predecessor_n king_n stephen_n have_v bring_v over_o into_o england_n issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n charge_v the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o to_o depart_v his_o dominion_n and_o to_o retire_v to_o their_o countryman_n in_o west-wales_n where_o his_o grandfather_n henry_n the_o first_o the_o bastard_n son_n have_v plant_v they_o and_o thus_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n call_v pembrokeshire_n be_v overrun_v with_o these_o stranger_n who_o be_v better_a befriend_v by_o the_o king_n of_o england_n than_o the_o welsh_a can_v well_o expect_v to_o be_v make_v sure_a foot_n in_o that_o country_n where_o they_o have_v ever_o since_o continue_v firm_a it_o be_v the_o english_a policy_n of_o those_o time_n to_o accept_v of_o any_o opportunity_n to_o curb_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a who_o they_o experience_v to_o be_v none_o of_o the_o safe_a neighbour_n and_o therefore_o the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v grant_v any_o land_n and_o privilege_n in_o wales_n to_o any_o that_o will_v accept_v of_o they_o which_o honest_o they_o have_v no_o power_n to_o bestow_v but_o this_o be_v not_o enough_o in_o detriment_n to_o the_o welsh_a a.d._n 1156_o for_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n henry_n raise_v a_o very_a great_a army_n which_o he_o gather_v from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n with_o purpose_n to_o subdue_v all_o north-wales_n be_v principal_o move_v hereto_o by_o the_o instigation_n of_o cadwallader_n the_o prince_n brother_n who_o owen_n gwynedh_n for_o what_o reason_n not_o
know_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o banish_v the_o country_n also_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n who_o malign_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o own_a subjection_n to_o no_o other_o than_o the_o king_n of_o england_n whereas_o those_o of_o powis_n be_v oblige_v to_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n do_v joint_o consent_v to_o this_o invitation_n the_o king_n of_o england_n accept_v of_o their_o proposal_n lead_v his_o army_n to_o west-chester_n and_o encamp_v upon_o the_o marsh_n call_v saltney_n in_o welsh_a morfa-caer-lleon_a prince_n owen_n all_o this_o while_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o this_o intend_a invasion_n and_o therefore_o have_v make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n to_o confront_v the_o enemy_n he_o march_v his_o army_n to_o the_o frontier_n of_o england_n and_o encamp_v at_o basingwerk_n resolve_v to_o give_v the_o english_a battle_n king_n henry_n understanding_n of_o the_o prince_n resolution_n detach_v some_o of_o the_o chief_a troop_n out_o of_o the_o main-body_n under_o the_o command_n of_o several_a earl_n and_o other_o lord_n and_o send_v they_o towards_o the_o prince_n camp_n but_o after_o they_o have_v advance_v some_o little_a way_n and_o be_v pass_v through_o a_o wood_n call_v coed-eulo_a david_n and_o conan_n prince_n owen_n son_n unexpected_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o what_o by_o the_o advantage_n of_o the_o ground_n and_o the_o suddeness_n of_o the_o action_n the_o english_a be_v bear_v down_o with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n and_o those_o who_o survive_v narrow_o escape_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n this_o be_v a_o very_a unwelcome_a beginning_n to_o king_n henry_n but_o however_o in_o order_n to_o prosper_v better_a hereafter_o he_o think_v it_o advisable_v to_o decamp_v from_o saltney_n and_o to_o rank_v his_o troop_n along_o the_o sea-coast_n think_v thereby_o to_o get_v betwixt_o prince_n owen_n and_o his_o country_n which_o if_o he_o can_v effect_v he_o be_v sure_a to_o reduce_v the_o welsh_a to_o a_o very_a great_a inconveniency_n but_o the_o prince_n foresee_v the_o danger_n of_o this_o retire_v with_o his_o army_n to_o a_o place_n call_v cîl_a owen_n that_o be_v owen_n retreat_n which_o when_o king_n henry_n perceive_v he_o let_v fall_v his_o design_n 5._o lib._n 2._o cap._n 5._o and_o come_v to_o ruthlan_n w._n parnus_n write_v that_o in_o this_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a king_n henry_n be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n in_o pass_v through_o a_o strait_a at_o counsylth_n near_o flint_n where_o henry_n earl_n of_o essex_n who_o by_o inheritance_n enjoy_v the_o office_n of_o bear_v the_o standard_n of_o england_n be_v overcharge_v by_o the_o enemy_n cast_v down_o the_o same_o and_o flee_v this_o accident_n so_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a that_o they_o bear_v on_o so_o violent_o that_o the_o king_n himself_o narrow_o escape_v have_v of_o his_o party_n eustace_n fitz-john_n and_o rob._n curcie_o two_o valiant_a knight_n together_z with_o several_z other_o of_o his_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n slay_v in_o the_o action_n after_o this_o prince_n owen_n decamp_v from_o cîl_n owen_n and_o entrench_v himself_o upon_o bryn_n y_fw-fr pin_n where_o little_a of_o moment_n pass_v betwixt_o the_o two_o army_n only_o some_o slight_a skirmish_n happen_v frequent_o king_n henry_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powis_n sail_v with_o the_o english_a fleet_n to_o anglesey_n and_o have_v put_v some_o man_n on_o shore_n they_o burn_v two_o church_n and_o ravage_v part_n of_o the_o country_n about_o but_o they_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o it_o for_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o the_o island_n be_v meet_v together_o they_o set_v upon_o they_o in_o their_o return_n to_o their_o ship_n and_o cut_v they_o off_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o not_o one_o remain_v to_o bring_v tiding_n to_o the_o fleet_n of_o what_o have_v befall_v they_o but_o they_o on_o board_n quick_o perceive_v what_o have_v happen_v and_o therefore_o think_v it_o not_o very_o safe_a harbour_v upon_o that_o coast_n but_o judge_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o weigh_v anchor_n they_o present_o set_v sail_n for_o chester_n when_o they_o be_v arrive_v thither_o they_o find_v that_o a_o peace_n be_v actual_o conclude_v betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o prince_n owen_n upon_o these_o article_n that_o cadwallader_n shall_v have_v all_o his_o land_n restore_v to_o he_o and_o he_o receive_v to_o the_o favour_n and_o friendship_n of_o his_o brother_n then_o king_n henry_n leave_v the_o castle_n of_o ruthlan_n and_o basingwerk_n well_o man_v and_o fortify_v and_o have_v near_o the_o latter_a found_v a_o public_a structure_n for_o the_o order_n of_o knight_n templar_n return_v to_o england_n but_o the_o trouble_n of_o wales_n do_v not_o end_v with_o he_o for_o jorwerdh_n goch_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n who_o have_v take_v part_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n during_o this_o war_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o yale_n which_o be_v build_v by_o prince_n owen_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n the_o next_o year_n commence_v with_o a_o very_a unfortunate_a a.d._n 1157_o action_n ifor_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n have_v long_o before_o cast_v a_o very_a wishful_a eye_n upon_o the_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o morgan_n ab_fw-la owen_n be_v now_o resolve_v to_o put_v in_o execution_n what_o he_o have_v before_o contrive_v and_o as_o covetousness_n seldom_o bear_v any_o regard_n to_o virtue_n or_o honour_n he_o treacherous_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o and_o with_o he_o fell_a gurgan_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n the_o most_o famous_a british_a poet_n of_o his_o time_n morgan_n estate_n ifor_n bestow_v upon_o his_o brother_n jorwerth_n who_o about_o the_o same_o time_n get_v also_o possession_n of_o the_o town_n of_o caerlheon_a but_o these_o inward_a and_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v quick_o mitigate_v by_o a_o general_a peace_n which_o be_v present_o after_o this_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o all_o the_o prince_n and_o lord_n of_o wales_n rhys_n ab_fw-la gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n only_o except_v for_o this_o prince_n rhys_n who_o probable_o will_v not_o rely_v too_o far_o upon_o the_o king_n of_o england_n fidelity_n refuse_v to_o consent_n to_o a_o peace_n but_o however_o to_o secure_v himself_o the_o best_a he_o can_v from_o the_o english_a who_o he_o have_v no_o small_a reason_n to_o be_v afraid_a of_o he_o think_v it_o his_o best_a prudence_n to_o issue_n out_o his_o order_n command_v his_o subject_n to_o remove_v their_o cattle_n and_o other_o effect_n to_o the_o wilderness_n of_o tywy_n where_o they_o be_v like_a to_o remain_v secure_a from_o the_o eye_n and_o reach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o long_o when_o he_o receive_v a_o more_o positive_a express_v from_o king_n henry_n command_v he_o to_o appear_v forthwith_o at_o his_o court_n and_o to_o accept_v of_o the_o proposal_n of_o peace_n before_o the_o joint_a force_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n be_v send_v to_o fetch_v he_o up_o prince_n rhys_n have_v receive_v such_o a_o threaten_a message_n think_v it_o now_o high_a time_n to_o repent_v of_o what_o he_o have_v afore_o so_o rash_o resolve_v upon_o and_o therefore_o after_o long_a consultation_n he_o judge_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o accept_v of_o the_o king_n proposal_n and_o to_o appear_v at_o court_n there_o it_o be_v agree_v upon_o that_o rhys_n who_o land_n heretofore_o lay_v scatter_v about_o and_o be_v intermix_v with_o other_o person_n be_v estate_n shall_v enjoy_v cantref_o mawr_z and_o any_o other_o cantref_o which_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v please_v to_o bestow_v upon_o he_o but_o contrary_a to_o this_o article_n the_o king_n assign_v he_o several_a lordship_n and_o other_o land_n far_o remote_a from_o each_o other_o and_o particular_o intermix_v they_o with_o the_o estate_n of_o englishman_n who_o he_o be_v sure_a will_v be_v a_o watch_n and_o a_o curb_n to_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o prince_n rhys_n this_o be_v indeed_o a_o very_a politic_a contrivance_n or_o king_n henry_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o high_a and_o restless_a spirit_n of_o rhys_n but_o the_o justice_n of_o the_o action_n do_v not_o so_o evident_o appear_v in_o break_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a article_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o chap_a and_o bestow_v that_o which_o be_v not_o just_o in_o his_o power_n to_o give_v but_o it_o be_v manifest_o apparent_a that_o the_o english_a of_o these_o time_n be_v main_o concern_v right_a or_o wrong_n to_o oppress_v and_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a of_o who_o mortal_a hatred_n to_o subjection_n they_o have_v so_o frequent_o and_o so_o cruel_o feel_v prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o at_o all_o ignorant_a of_o these_o
wrongful_a and_o deceitful_a deal_n of_o king_n henry_n but_o know_v himself_o to_o be_v unable_a to_o redress_v these_o grievance_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisible_a for_o a_o time_n to_o live_v quiet_o with_o a_o little_a than_o rash_o to_o hazard_v all_o but_o in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o have_v opportunity_n either_o to_o demand_v redress_n from_o the_o king_n or_o else_o to_o endeavour_v it_o himself_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n for_o as_o soon_o as_o roger_n earl_n of_o clare_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o distribution_n which_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v grant_v to_o prince_n rhys_n he_o come_v to_o king_n henry_n request_v of_o his_o majesty_n that_o he_o will_v grant_v he_o such_o land_n in_o wales_n as_o he_o can_v win_v by_o force_n of_o armâ—_n the_o king_n ready_o comply_v with_o his_o request_n be_v always_o very_o forward_o to_o grant_v any_o thing_n which_o seem_v to_o curb_v and_o discommode_v the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n march_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o cardigan_n and_o have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_a humphrey_n dyfi_n dynerth_n and_o lhanrhystyd_n he_o make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o country_n in_o the_o same_o manner_n walter_n clyfford_v who_o be_v governor_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n make_v inroad_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o prince_n rhys_n and_o after_o he_o have_v slay_v several_a of_o the_o welsh_a and_o make_v great_a waste_n in_o the_o country_n return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n prince_n rhys_n as_o he_o be_v unable_a to_o bear_v these_o outrage_n so_o he_o be_v resolve_v either_o to_o have_v immediate_a redress_n or_o else_o to_o proclaim_v open_a war_n against_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o he_o send_v a_o express_a to_o king_n henry_n complain_v of_o the_o hostility_n which_o his_o subject_n the_o earl_n of_o clare_n and_o walter_n clifford_n have_v commit_v in_o in_o his_o country_n but_o find_v the_o king_n to_o put_v he_o still_o off_o with_o only_a smooth_a word_n and_o fair_a promise_n and_o that_o he_o always_o wink_v at_o the_o fault_n of_o the_o english_a and_o norman_n without_o any_o far_a consultation_n about_o the_o matter_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o in_o short_a time_n make_v himself_o matter_n of_o it_o also_o eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n rhy_n brother_n son_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a valour_n be_v desirous_a to_o free_v his_o country_n from_o that_o miserable_a servitude_n they_o now_o groan_v under_o and_o judge_v withal_o that_o his_o uncle_n be_v now_o discharge_v from_o the_o oath_n he_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n sit_v before_o the_o castle_n of_o humphrey_n and_o have_v forcible_o make_v his_o entrance_n into_o it_o he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n where_o he_o find_v a_o great_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o armour_n enough_o to_o arm_v a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n and_o whilst_o eineon_n be_v thus_o engage_v at_o humphrey_n castle_n prince_n rhys_n perceive_v that_o he_o can_v not_o enjoy_v any_o part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n but_o what_o he_o afterward_o get_v by_o the_o sword_n draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o enter_v cardigan_n where_o like_o a_o most_o violent_a torrent_n he_o overrun_v the_o country_n that_o he_o leave_v not_o one_o castle_n stand_v of_o those_o which_o his_o enemy_n have_v fortify_v and_o so_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n to_o his_o subjection_n king_n henry_n be_v sore_o offend_v at_o the_o progress_n which_o prince_n rhys_n so_o sudden_o make_v against_o he_o return_v with_o a_o great_a army_n into_o south-wales_n but_o find_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o prince_n he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v all_o that_o he_o have_v get_v and_o only_o to_o take_v hostage_n for_o his_o observe_v of_o peace_n during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o prince_n rhys_n promise_v to_o do_v he_o forthwith_o return_v to_o england_n and_o soon_o after_o go_v for_o normandy_n where_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o french_a king_n a.d._n 1158_o but_o the_o year_n follow_v prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n without_o any_o respect_n to_o his_o promise_n to_o king_n henry_n last_o year_n lead_v his_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o castle_n that_o the_o norman_n have_v fortify_v in_o that_o country_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o caermardhyn_n but_o reynold_n earl_n of_o bristol_n the_o king_n be_v base_a son_n be_v inform_v of_o it_o call_v together_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n his_o brother-in-law_n cadwallader_n prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales's_a brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n owen_n son_n with_o two_o earl_n more_o who_o with_o their_o joint_a force_n march_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n but_o prince_n rhys_n be_v wise_a than_o to_o abide_v their_o come_n and_o therefore_o upon_o the_o first_o intimation_n of_o such_o great_a opposition_n he_o retire_v to_o the_o mountain_n call_v cefn_n rester_fw-fr and_o there_o encamp_v be_v sufficient_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n by_o the_o natural_a fortification_n of_o the_o place_n the_o confederate_a army_n lie_v at_o dynwylhîr_n and_o there_o build_v a_o castle_n but_o find_v no_o news_n or_o tiding_n of_o prince_n rhys_n they_o return_v home_o without_o effect_v any_o thing_n of_o note_n king_n henry_n be_v still_o in_o normandy_n and_o there_o make_v war_n against_o the_o earl_n of_o st._n giles_n for_o the_o city_n and_o earldom_n of_o tholouse_n towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o this_o year_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n prince_n of_o powis_n die_v at_o winchester_n whence_o his_o body_n be_v honourable_o convey_v to_o powis_n and_o bury_v at_o myfod_n he_o be_v a_o prince_n very_o much_o affect_v to_o piety_n and_o religion_n very_o charitable_a to_o the_o necessitous_a and_o good_a to_o the_o distress_a but_o his_o great_a fault_n be_v that_o he_o stickle_v too_o hard_o for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o be_v always_o in_o confederacy_n with_o king_n henry_n against_o the_o good_a success_n of_o his_o native_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n three_o son_n gruffydh_n maylor_n owen_n and_o elis_n and_o a_o daughter_n name_v mar_v he_o have_v also_o three_o natural_a son_n owen_n brogynton_n cynwric_n efelh_n and_o eineon_n efelh_n who_o though_o base_a bear_v yet_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o wales_n co-inherited_n with_o their_o brethren_n who_o be_v legitimate_a and_o here_o it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o once_o for_o all_o to_o give_v a_o particular_a account_n of_o the_o principality_n afterward_o the_o lordship_n of_o powis_n how_o it_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o share_n and_o portion_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n become_v so_o irrecoverable_o break_v and_o weaken_v that_o it_o be_v make_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n before_o the_o rest_n of_o wales_n for_o powis_n before_o king_n offa_n time_n reach_v eastward_o to_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o dee_n in_o a_o right_a line_n from_o the_o end_n of_o broxen_n hill_n to_o salop_n and_o comprehend_v all_o the_o country_n between_o the_o wye_n and_o severn_n which_o be_v ancient_o the_o estate_n of_o brochwel_n yscithroc_n of_o who_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o but_o after_o the_o make_n of_o offa_n dike_n powis_n be_v contract_v into_o a_o narrow_a compass_n the_o plain_a country_n towards_o salop_n be_v inhabit_v by_o saxon_n and_o norman_n so_o that_o the_o length_n of_o it_o reach_v north-east_n from_o pulford-bridge_n to_o lhangiric-parish_n on_o the_o confine_n of_o cardiganshire_n to_o the_o south-west_n and_o the_o breadth_n from_o the_o far_a part_n of_o cyfeilioc_n westward_n to_o elsmere_n on_o the_o east-side_n this_o principality_n roderic_n the_o great_a give_v to_o his_o young_a son_n merfyn_n in_o who_o posterity_n it_o remain_v entire_a till_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n who_o though_o he_o have_v divide_v it_o betwixt_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o cadwgan_n yet_o it_o come_v again_o whole_a and_o entire_a to_o the_o possession_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n but_o he_o again_o break_v the_o union_n and_o leave_v it_o between_o his_o two_o son_n madawe_n and_o gruffydh_n the_o first_o of_o which_o be_v marry_v to_o susanna_n the_o daughter_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o have_v with_o she_o that_o part_n afterward_o call_v by_o his_o name_n powis_n fadoc_n after_o his_o death_n this_o lordship_n be_v divide_v also_o betwixt_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n maelor_n owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o owen_n brogynton_n which_o last_o though_o base_o bear_v have_v however_o for_o his_o incomparable_a valour_n and_o courage_n a_o share_n of_o his_o father_n estate_n namely_o
the_o queen_n his_o mother_n his_o brother_n geffrey_n and_o richard_n the_o french_a king_n the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n together_o with_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n william_n patrick_n with_o several_a other_o valiant_a knight_n and_o gentleman_n but_o the_o old_a king_n have_v a_o stout_a and_o a_o faithful_a army_n consist_v of_o almains_n and_o brabanter_n be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dismay_v or_o discourage_v at_o such_o a_o seem_a storm_n and_o which_o make_v he_o more_o bold_a and_o adventurous_a he_o be_v join_v by_o a_o strong_a party_n of_o welshman_n which_o lord_n rhys_n have_v send_v he_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o son_n howel_n king_n henry_n overthrow_v his_o enemy_n in_o divers_a encounter_n and_o have_v either_o kill_v or_o take_v prisoner_n most_o of_o they_o who_o be_v rise_v up_o against_o he_o he_o easy_o dissipate_v the_o cloud_n which_o at_o first_o seem_v so_o black_a and_o threaten_a jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n be_v not_o very_o sorry_a to_o see_v the_o english_a clash_n and_o fall_v into_o civil_a dissension_n among_o themselves_o and_o therefore_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o a_o seasonable_a opportunity_n he_o draw_v his_o army_n against_o caerlheon_n which_o stand_v out_o very_o stiff_o against_o he_o but_o after_o many_o warm_a dispute_n of_o both_o side_n jorwerth_n at_o length_n prevail_v and_o enter_v the_o town_n by_o force_n he_o take_v most_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n prisoner_n and_o then_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n it_o be_v surrender_v up_o in_o exchange_n for_o the_o prisoner_n he_o have_v take_v in_o the_o town_n howel_n his_o son_n at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v busy_a in_o gwent_n î_v coed_n and_o have_v reduce_v all_o that_o country_n except_v the_o castle_n to_o subjection_n he_o take_v pledge_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o withdraw_v their_o allegiance_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o the_o same_o time_n something_o of_o action_n pass_v in_o north-wales_n for_o david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi prince_n of_o north-wales_n bring_v a_o army_n over_o the_o river_n menai_n into_o anglesey_n against_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n who_o keep_v that_o island_n from_o he_o force_v he_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n to_o ireland_n in_o his_o return_n from_o whence_o the_o follow_a year_n he_o be_v accidental_o discover_v and_o seize_v upon_o and_o then_o by_o his_o brother_n order_n commit_v to_o close_a prison_n prince_n david_n have_v bring_v the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n to_o its_o pristine_a state_n of_o subjection_n to_o he_o be_v resolve_v to_o move_v all_o manner_n of_o obstacle_n which_o may_v at_o any_o time_n for_o the_o future_a endanger_v its_o fall_n off_o from_o he_o and_o these_o he_o judge_v to_o be_v his_o own_o next_o relation_n a.d._n 1174_o and_o therefore_o he_o expel_v and_o banish_v all_o his_o brethren_n and_o cousin_n out_o of_o his_o territory_n of_o north-wales_n but_o before_o this_o sentence_n be_v put_v in_o execution_n his_o brother_n conan_n die_v and_o so_o escape_v the_o ignominy_n of_o be_v banish_v his_o native_a country_n for_o no_o other_o reason_n but_o the_o jealousy_n of_o a_o ambitious_a brother_n about_o the_o same_o time_n howel_n the_o son_n of_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n take_v prisoner_n his_o uncle_n owen_n pencarn_n who_o be_v right_a heir_n of_o caerlheon_n and_o gwent_n and_o now_o have_v he_o secure_a and_o to_o prevent_v his_o get_v any_o child_n to_o inherit_v those_o place_n which_o himself_o be_v next_o heir_n to_o he_o first_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o very_o inhuman_o cut_v off_o his_o testicle_n but_o vengeance_n do_v not_o permit_v such_o a_o base_a action_n to_o go_v unpunished_a for_o upon_o the_o saturday_n follow_v a_o great_a army_n of_o norman_n and_o englishman_n come_v unexpected_o before_o the_o town_n and_o wan_a both_o it_o and_o the_o castle_n notwithstanding_o all_o the_o opposition_n which_o howel_n and_o his_o father_n jorwerth_n make_v though_o this_o last_o be_v not_o privy_a to_o his_o son_n action_n about_o the_o same_o time_n king_n henry_n come_v over_o to_o england_n a_o little_a after_o who_o arrival_n william_n king_n of_o scot_n and_o roger_n de_fw-fr mowbray_n be_v take_v prisoner_n at_o alnewike_n by_o the_o baron_n of_o the_o north_n as_o they_o come_v to_o destroy_v the_o northern_a part_n of_o the_o country_n in_o the_o quarrel_n of_o the_o young_a king_n but_o old_a king_n henry_n have_v commit_v they_o to_o the_o safe_a custody_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o receive_v hugh_n bygod_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o his_o mercy_n return_v to_o normandy_n with_o a_o very_a considerable_a army_n of_o welshman_n which_o david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n have_v send_v he_o in_o return_n of_o which_o he_o give_v he_o his_o sister_n emme_n in_o marriage_n when_o he_o be_v arrive_v in_o normandy_n he_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o cut_v off_o some_o provision_n which_o be_v go_v to_o the_o enemy_n camp_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o french_a king_n come_v to_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v short_o afterward_o conclude_v upon_o so_o that_o all_o the_o brethren_n who_o have_v all_o this_o time_n maintain_v such_o a_o unnatural_a rebellion_n against_o their_o father_n be_v force_v to_o beg_v the_o old_a king_n forgiveness_n and_o pardon_n for_o all_o their_o former_a misdemeanour_n david_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n begin_v to_o grow_v very_o bold_a and_o assume_v by_o reason_n of_o his_o new_a alliance_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o nothing_o will_v serve_v his_o turn_n but_o he_o must_v put_v his_o brother_n roderic_n in_o prison_n and_o secure_v he_o with_o fetter_n for_o no_o other_o account_n than_o because_o he_o demandod_n his_o share_n of_o his_o father_n land_n it_o be_v the_o custom_n of_o wales_n as_o be_v say_v before_o to_o make_v a_o equal_a division_n of_o the_o father_n inheritance_n between_o all_o the_o child_n and_o therefore_o david_n have_v no_o colour_n of_o reason_n or_o pretence_n to_o deal_v so_o severe_o with_o his_o brother_n unless_o it_o be_v to_o verify_v that_o proverb_n may_v overcome_v right_o but_o though_o prince_n david_n may_v depend_v much_o upon_o his_o affinity_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n yet_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n gain_v his_o favour_n and_o countenance_n the_o more_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o let_v slip_v no_o opportunity_n to_o further_o the_o king_n interest_n and_o affair_n in_o wales_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n be_v a_o very_a necessary_a and_o useful_a instrument_n to_o keep_v under_o the_o welsh_a and_o to_o promote_v the_o sure_a settlement_n of_o the_o english_a in_o the_o country_n not_o that_o he_o bear_v any_o love_n or_o affection_n to_o either_o king_n henry_n or_o his_o subject_n but_o because_o he_o be_v sufficient_o reward_v for_o former_a service_n and_o be_v still_o in_o expectation_n of_o receive_v more_o favour_n at_o the_o king_n hand_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o play_v the_o politician_n so_o far_o as_o to_o have_v regard_n to_o his_o own_o interest_n more_o than_o the_o good_a of_o his_o native_a country_n and_o what_o do_v ingratiate_v he_o to_o king_n henry_n most_o of_o all_o upon_o the_o feast_n of_o s._n james_n he_o bring_v all_o such_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n as_o be_v at_o enmity_n with_o the_o king_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o gloucester_n namely_o cadwalhon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madawc_n of_o melyenyth_n his_o cousin-german_a eineon_n clyt_v of_o eluel_n and_o eineon_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o gwerthrynion_n his_o son_n in_o law_n morgan_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n of_o glamorgan_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi ifor_n ap_fw-mi meiric_n of_o sengennyth_n and_o sitsylht_v ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n of_o high_a ggo_v all_o three_o his_o brother_n in_o law_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o sister_n together_o with_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n of_o caerlheon_n king_n henry_n be_v so_o well_o please_v with_o this_o stratagem_n of_o rhys_n that_o notwithstanding_o these_o person_n have_v be_v his_o implacable_a enemy_n he_o ready_o grant_v they_o their_o pardon_n and_o receive_v they_o to_o favour_n and_o restore_v to_o jorwerth_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caerlheon_n which_o he_o have_v unjust_o take_v from_o he_o a.d._n 1175_o this_o reconciliation_n betwixt_o king_n henry_n and_o these_o welsh_a lord_n some_o of_o the_o english_a in_o wales_n take_v advantage_n of_o and_o more_o particular_o william_n the_o bruce_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n who_o have_v for_o a_o long_a time_n a_o great_a longing_n to_o gwentland_n can_v not_o bring_v about_o his_o design_n by_o reason_n that_o sitsylht_n ap_fw-mi dyfnwal_n the_o person_n of_o great_a sway_n and_o power_n in_o the_o country_n be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n to_o all_o the_o english_a but_o be_v now_o reconcile_v to_o the_o king_n william_n de_fw-fr
of_o lhanymdhyfri_n thence_o they_o remove_v to_o lhangadoc_n and_o win_v the_o castle_n likewise_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n be_v permit_v to_o march_v out_o quiet_o when_o they_o have_v take_v these_o two_o castle_n they_o go_v to_o dinerth_n where_o maelgon_n finish_v the_o castle_n he_o have_v former_o begin_v there_o this_o year_n likewise_o prince_n lhewelyn_n set_v at_o liberty_n his_o uncle_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o make_v but_o a_o sorry_a return_n to_o this_o kindness_n for_o instead_o of_o live_v peaceable_o at_o home_n and_o enjoy_v that_o liberty_n that_o be_v grant_v he_o he_o flee_v to_o england_n and_o there_o get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o attempt_v to_o restore_v himself_o to_o his_o ancient_a estate_n of_o north-wales_n but_o he_o miss_v his_o mark_n for_o his_o prudent_a nephew_n immediate_o meet_v he_o on_o his_o march_n and_o give_v he_o a_o shameful_a overthrow_a wherewith_o david_n be_v so_o mighty_o dishearten_v that_o he_o present_o return_v for_o england_n and_o short_o after_o die_v for_o mere_a sorrow_n the_o next_o year_n howel_n a_o blind_a a.d._n 1204_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n be_v slay_v at_o camae_n by_o his_o brother_n maelgon_n man_n and_o bury_v just_a by_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n at_o ystratflur_n but_o notwithwand_v that_o maelgon_fw-mi in_o those_o day_n usurp_v all_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n of_o south-wales_n yet_o his_o brother_n gruffydh_n son_n rhys_n and_o his_o brethren_n wan_a from_o he_o the_o chief_a defence_n of_o all_o that_o country_n to_o wit_n the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n and_o lhanymdhyfri_n about_o this_o time_n william_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o take_v it_o and_o not_o long_o after_o maelgon_n a.d._n 1205_o hire_a a_o irishman_n to_o kill_v gadifor_n ap_fw-mi griffri_n after_o which_o horrid_a fact_n maelgon_v seize_v upon_o his_o four_o son_n and_o put_v they_o to_o death_n these_o be_v forward_o promise_v young_a gentleman_n and_o descend_v from_o a_o noble_a stock_n for_o their_o mother_n susanna_n be_v a_o daughter_n of_o the_o say_v howel_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n in_o the_o year_n 1206._o maelgon_v a.d._n 1206_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o abereneon_n at_o which_o time_n there_o be_v such_o abundance_n of_o fish_n see_v at_o aberystwyth_n that_o the_o like_a number_n be_v never_o know_v to_o have_v come_v there_o in_o the_o memory_n of_o man_n before_o a.d._n 1207_o this_o year_n the_o king_n of_o england_n banish_v the_o realm_n william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n and_o his_o wife_n on_o the_o account_n of_o a_o grudge_n that_o he_o bear_v his_o son_n and_o then_o seize_v upon_o all_o his_o land_n whereupon_o william_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o son_n flee_v to_o ireland_n and_o there_o continue_v for_o some_o time_n and_o this_o hardship_n he_o now_o undergo_v be_v the_o less_o pity_v because_o he_o exercise_v the_o great_a power_n he_o have_v in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n with_o extreme_a cruelty_n and_o injustice_n the_o same_o year_n gwenwynwyn_n come_v to_o shrewsbury_n to_o speak_v with_o the_o king_n council_n where_o he_o be_v detain_v prisoner_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n conquer_v all_o his_o country_n take_v all_o his_o town_n and_o castle_n and_o garrison_v they_o for_o his_o own_o use_n this_o expedition_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n mighty_o alarm_v the_o usurp_a maelgon_n and_o the_o more_o because_o he_o have_v intelligence_n that_o lhewelyn_n be_v on_o his_o march_n towards_o south-wales_n therefore_o he_o now_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o best_a posture_n he_o can_v to_o receive_v he_o but_o find_v himself_o not_o able_a to_o abide_v the_o prince_n come_v and_o to_o withstand_v his_o force_n he_o demolish_v his_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n ystratmeyric_n and_o dinerth_n which_o before_o he_o have_v fortify_v notwithstanding_o which_v the_o prince_n come_v to_o aberystwyth_n and_o rebuild_v the_o castle_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n therein_o after_o this_o he_o seize_v upon_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n and_o the_o land_n betwixt_o dyfi_n and_o aeron_n which_o he_o give_v to_o maelgon_n nephew_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o then_o return_v home_o with_o great_a joy_n and_o triumph_n not_o long_o after_o rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o lhangadoc_n and_o take_v it_o contrary_a to_o the_o promise_n and_o league_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n forget_v likewise_o how_o free_o and_o ready_o they_o have_v administer_v to_o he_o in_o his_o necessity_n therefore_o to_o be_v avenge_v of_o this_o ingratitude_n and_o breach_n of_o promise_n rhys_n and_o owen_n no_o soon_o hear_v of_o it_o but_o they_o furious_o attack_v the_o castle_n and_o take_v it_o by_o assault_n and_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n or_o take_v prisoner_n all_o the_o garrison_n and_o then_o burn_v the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n a.d._n 1209_o this_o year_n king_n john_n levy_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o make_v a_o voyage_n to_o ireland_n but_o as_o he_o be_v on_o the_o border_n of_o wales_n on_o his_o journey_n thitherwards_o there_o be_v a_o criminal_a bring_v before_o he_o who_o have_v murder_v a_o priest_n the_o officer_n desire_v to_o know_v the_o king_n pleasure_n how_o he_o will_v have_v the_o delinquent_n punish_v but_o the_o king_n instead_o of_o order_v any_o punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v upon_o he_o suitable_a to_o the_o heinousness_n of_o his_o crime_n discharge_v he_o with_o a_o well_o do_v thou_o good_a servant_n thou_o have_v slay_v my_o enemy_n for_o such_o he_o reckon_v the_o clergy_n of_o those_o day_n who_o be_v very_o ill-affected_a to_o his_o usurp_a arbitrary_a government_n and_o therefore_o he_o slight_o regard_v any_o injury_n that_o be_v do_v they_o nay_o think_v those_o do_v he_o good_a service_n who_o do_v they_o wrong_n he_o have_v not_o be_v long_o in_o ireland_n but_o he_o get_v into_o his_o clutch_n the_o unfortunate_a william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o young_a and_o his_o mother_n maud_n de_fw-fr saint_n valerike_a who_o we_o have_v mention_v afore_o to_o have_v quit_v england_n for_o fear_n of_o he_o and_o to_o have_v flee_v here_o for_o shelter_n upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o bring_v these_o in_o triumph_n along_o with_o he_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o windsor-castle_n where_o by_o his_o order_n not_o long_o after_o they_o be_v inhuman_o famish_v the_o reason_n of_o king_n john_n displeasure_n against_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n 303._o pag._n 303._o matthew_n paris_n deliver_v to_o be_v this_o when_o the_o pope_n have_v excommunicate_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o king_n to_o prevent_v any_o inconvenience_n that_o may_v ensue_v thereupon_o take_v pledge_n of_o such_o of_o his_o noble_n as_o he_o think_v be_v disaffect_v to_o he_o and_o will_v be_v like_a if_o occasion_n offer_v to_o countenance_n and_o promote_v a_o rebellion_n among_o other_o he_o send_v messenger_n to_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n to_o demand_v his_o son_n for_o pledge_n to_o who_o maud_n de_fw-fr bruce_n wife_n be_v the_o ready_a speaker_n answer_v though_o what_o she_o say_v be_v no_o less_o her_o husband_n sentiment_n than_o her_o own_o thar_z the_o king_n who_o have_v prove_v so_o base_a a_o guardian_n to_o his_o nephew_n prince_n arthur_n who_o instead_o of_o set_v in_o he_o deprive_v of_o his_o right_n shall_v have_v none_o of_o her_o child_n this_o answer_v the_o messenger_n deliver_v to_o the_o king_n whereat_o he_o be_v high_o displease_v that_o he_o order_v some_o soldier_n shall_v be_v send_v to_o seize_v this_o lord_n but_o he_o have_v timely_a intelligence_n of_o this_o order_n flee_v into_o ireland_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n where_o now_o his_o wife_n maud_n with_o her_o son_n be_v unfortunate_o take_v by_o king_n john_n but_o he_o himself_o escape_v and_o flee_v into_o france_n where_o not_o long_o after_o he_o die_v this_o year_n the_o earl_n of_o chester_n rebuilt_a the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n situate_v on_o the_o seashore_n east_n of_o the_o river_n conway_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v before_o demolish_v he_o likewise_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o treffynon_n or_o s._n wenefrid_n upon_o this_o lhewelyn_n enter_v into_o the_o earl_n land_n which_o when_o he_o have_v ravage_v sufficient_o he_o return_v home_o with_o considerable_a booty_n about_o this_o time_n rhys_n fychan_n son_n to_o prince_n rhys_n fear_v lest_o prince_n lhewelyn_n shall_v fall_v upon_o he_o for_o the_o wrong_n he_o have_v do_v to_o his_o nephew_n who_o he_o prince_n lhewelyn_n stiff_o defend_v in_o their_o right_n make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o ready_o grant_v he_o what_o succour_n he_o desire_v and_o with_o these_o he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n the_o garrison_n
for_o some_o time_n make_v a_o vigorous_a defence_n but_o have_v no_o hope_n of_o any_o relief_n they_o think_v it_o their_o wise_a course_n to_o capitulate_v and_o so_o they_o desire_v they_o may_v march_v out_o with_o their_o arm_n bag_n and_o baggage_n and_o all_o that_o belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v grant_v they_o about_o this_o time_n likewise_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n who_o the_o king_n have_v hitherto_o detain_v prisoner_n and_o withal_o lend_v he_o some_o force_n to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o his_o country_n which_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v seize_v upon_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n and_o though_o by_o his_o own_o strength_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o cope_v with_o the_o prince_n yet_o by_o this_o assistance_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o king_n he_o soon_o re-possessâ—d_a himself_o of_o his_o dominion_n this_o success_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n encourage_v maelgon_v likewise_o to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o that_o part_n of_o his_o country_n which_o the_o prince_n have_v take_v from_o he_o in_o the_o same_o expedition_n now_o he_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o hereupon_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o a_o considerable_a army_n as_o well_o english_a as_o norman_n to_o these_o he_o join_v what_o force_v he_o can_v raise_v in_o wales_n and_o then_o contrary_a to_o the_o oath_n and_o agreement_n he_o have_v make_v with_o his_o nephew_n rhys_n and_o owen_n he_o in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n enter_v their_o country_n when_o he_o be_v come_v to_o cantre_v penwedic_n he_o encamp_v at_o cilcenny_n where_o he_o stay_v some_o time_n to_o take_v measure_n for_o the_o better_a accomplishment_n of_o his_o design_n by_o this_o time_n his_o nephew_n have_v get_v together_o about_o 300_o choose_v well_o discipline_v man_n but_o with_o so_o small_a a_o number_n dare_v not_o oppose_v their_o uncle_n numerous_a army_n in_o open_a field_n therefore_o they_o be_v to_o endeavour_v to_o 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news_n be_v bring_v he_o that_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n be_v revolt_v and_o be_v become_v again_o the_o king_n of_o england_n subject_n this_o unwelcome_a news_n strike_v very_o deep_a in_o the_o prince_n mind_n by_o reason_n that_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n and_o go_v a_o great_a way_n to_o repel_v the_o incursion_n of_o the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n which_o now_o he_o be_v go_v off_o can_v not_o he_o fear_v be_v so_o well_o effect_v but_o however_o to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o a_o bad_a market_n he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v he_o off_o from_o the_o english_a and_o to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o former_a allegiance_n due_a to_o himself_o as_o his_o natural_a prince_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o send_v to_o he_o some_o bishop_n and_o abbot_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o promise_n how_o that_o he_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o wales_n have_v oblige_v himself_o to_o oppose_v 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so_o the_o english_a retire_v over_o the_o river_n matthew_z paris_z writes_z that_o the_o earl_n obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n and_o that_o of_o the_o welsh_a there_o be_v nine_o thousand_o slay_v and_o take_v though_o the_o welsh_a account_n which_o in_o this_o case_n be_v in_o all_o likelihood_n the_o best_a make_v the_o whole_a army_n of_o the_o welsh_a to_o consist_v but_o of_o that_o number_n but_o both_o army_n have_v lie_v for_o certain_a day_n in_o that_o posture_n and_o the_o river_n tywy_n be_v betwixt_o they_o gruffydh_n by_o reason_n that_o provision_n begin_v to_o grow_v scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n return_v back_o and_o then_o the_o earl_n decamp_v and_o march_v to_o cilgerran_n where_o he_o begin_v to_o build_v a_o very_a strong_a castle_n but_o before_o he_o can_v have_v time_n to_o finish_v it_o he_o receive_v a_o express_a from_o the_o king_n with_o order_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o so_o he_o go_v by_o sea_n to_o london_n leave_v his_o army_n at_o cilgerran_n to_o continue_v the_o work_n which_o he_o have_v begin_v short_o after_o the_o king_n together_o with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n come_v to_o ludlow_n and_o send_v for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n thither_o they_o have_v good_a hope_n to_o adjust_a all_o difference_n and_o to_o make_v a_o amicable_a composition_n betwixt_o he_o and_o the_o earl_n but_o when_o this_o can_v not_o be_v effect_v both_o party_n stick_v close_o to_o their_o private_a interest_n the_o earl_n be_v assist_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o derby_n and_z henry_n pyggot_n lord_n of_o ewyas_n design_v to_o pass_v by_o land_n to_o pembrock_n but_o his_o purpose_n be_v discover_v to_o the_o prince_n he_o detach_v his_o son_n to_o secure_v the_o passage_n of_o carnwylhion_n and_o come_v in_o person_n to_o mabedryd_n which_o when_o the_o earl_n understand_v find_v it_o dangerous_a to_o prosecute_v his_o design_n any_o further_a he_o return_v to_o england_n and_o then_o the_o prince_n march_v to_o north-wales_n the_o next_o action_n that_o pass_v in_o wales_n a.d._n 1227_o be_v somewhat_o rare_a and_o not_o redound_v much_o to_o the_o credit_n and_o esteem_v of_o the_o welsh_a for_o rhys_n fychan_n have_v by_o some_o sinistrous_a mean_n or_o other_o take_v his_o father_n rhys_n gryc_a contrary_a to_o all_o filial_a affection_n and_o duty_n detain_v he_o prisoner_n and_o will_v not_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n till_o he_o have_v deliver_v up_o lhanymdhyfri_n castle_n to_o he_o about_o the_o same_o time_n meredith_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n prince_n rhy_n son_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o be_v honourable_o inter_v at_o s._n david_n by_o his_o father_n but_o a_o while_n after_o a_o great_a storm_n threaten_v the_o a.d._n 1228_o welch_n king_n henry_n have_v raise_v a_o great_a army_n be_v resolve_v to_o make_v a_o violent_a prosecution_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n quarrel_n against_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o make_v all_o that_o country_n for_o ever_o subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o so_o be_v advance_v into_o the_o march_n he_o encamp_v at_o ceri_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v inform_v of_o these_o mighty_a preparation_n in_o england_n and_o understanding_n that_o they_o be_v intend_v against_o he_o do_v use_v all_o the_o endeavour_n possible_a to_o make_v a_o vigorous_a resistance_n and_o have_v draw_v together_o all_o the_o force_n he_o be_v able_a to_o levy_v think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o meet_v the_o english_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o not_o to_o permit_v the_o enemy_n to_o enter_v his_o country_n both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o sight_n of_o each_o other_o frequent_a skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o they_o but_o one_o day_n almost_o the_o whole_a army_n engage_v and_o after_o a_o vigorous_a attack_z of_o both_o side_n the_o english_a at_o last_o get_v the_o worst_a and_o be_v force_v to_o retire_v have_v a_o great_a many_o man_n slay_v and_o take_v prisoner_n among_o the_o latter_a be_v william_n bruce_n reynald_n son_n who_o offer_v for_o his_o ransom_n all_o buelht_n together_o with_o a_o considerable_a sum_n of_o money_n which_o the_o prince_n will_v not_o accept_v of_o but_o king_n henry_n find_v that_o his_o army_n be_v worsted_n in_o this_o rencounter_n think_v it_o best_a to_o make_v peace_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n which_o be_v conclude_v lhewelyn_n come_v to_o the_o king_n and_o have_v pay_v he_o all_o other_o respect_n beside_o that_o of_o submission_n and_o allegiance_n he_o return_v in_o great_a honour_n to_o north-wales_n but_o this_o action_n be_v somewhat_o otherwise_o lay_v down_o by_o matthew_n paris_n who_o write_v that_o this_o skirmish_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a happen_v upon_o a_o other_o account_n for_o the_o garrison_n of_o montgomery_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n to_o enlarge_v a_o certain_a passage_n lead_v through_o a_o wood_n where_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o rob_v and_o kill_v all_o passenger_n begin_v to_o fell_v the_o timber_n and_o cut_v down_o all_o the_o bush_n which_o lessen_v the_o road_n thereby_o to_o make_v the_o passage_n more_o clear_a and_o secure_a the_o welsh_a receive_v intelligence_n of_o this_o come_v present_o upon_o he_o in_o great_a number_n and_o surprise_v the_o enemy_n be_v busy_a at_o their_o labour_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o betake_v themselves_o for_o refuge_n into_o the_o castle_n which_o afterward_o have_v first_o cast_v a_o deep_a trench_n about_o it_o they_o smart_o invest_v hâ—bert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n and_o owner_n of_o the_o castle_n have_v notice_n of_o this_o send_v present_o to_o king_n henry_n desire_v his_o speedy_a help_n against_o the_o welsh_a who_o thereupon_o come_v in_o person_n with_o part_n of_o his_o army_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n then_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o force_n be_v arrive_v he_o march_v into_o the_o wood_n which_o be_v five_o mile_n in_o length_n and_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o thickness_n of_o the_o growth_n impassable_a and_o for_o a_o easy_a passage_n through_o it_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o after_o that_o he_o lead_v his_o army_n far_o into_o the_o country_n and_o come_v to_o a_o abbey_n call_v cridia_n which_o the_o welsh_a be_v wont_a to_o take_v for_o refuge_n he_o cause_v it_o to_o be_v burn_v down_o but_o find_v it_o a_o very_a convenient_a place_n for_o a_o fortress_n he_o grant_v leave_v to_o hubert_n de_fw-fr burgh_n to_o build_v a_o castle_n there_o but_o whilst_o the_o work_n be_v go_v on_o the_o welshman_n gaul_v the_o english_a and_o skirmish_v with_o they_o frequent_o so_o that_o many_o be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o last_o william_n bruce_n with_o many_o other_o that_o go_v abroad_o to_o fetch_v provision_n be_v intercept_v by_o the_o welsh_a and_o take_v prisoner_n and_o most_o of_o his_o company_n be_v slay_v among_o who_o one_o who_o be_v knight_v a_o few_o day_n before_o see_v some_o of_o his_o fellow_n in_o great_a danger_n rush_v bold_o into_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o a_o manful_a defence_n brave_o lose_v his_o life_n several_a of_o king_n henry_n man_n be_v corrupt_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n take_v no_o great_a pain_n to_o repulse_v the_o enemy_n which_o when_o the_o king_n perceive_v and_o find_v withal_o the_o provision_n be_v grow_v very_o scarce_o in_o his_o camp_n he_o be_v force_v to_o conclude_v a_o dishonourable_a peace_n with_o the_o welsh_a consent_v to_o demolish_v that_o castle_n which_o with_o so_o great_a a_o expense_n both_o of_o man_n and_o money_n be_v now_o almost_o finish_v upon_o his_o own_o charge_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pay_v only_o three_o thousand_o pound_n towards_o it_o then_o both_o army_n separate_v prince_n lhewelyn_n march_v to_o north-wales_n and_o the_o king_n leave_v william_n bruce_n prisoner_n with_o the_o welsh_a return_v to_o england_n have_v purchase_v no_o small_a discredit_v in_o this_o expedition_n william_n bruce_n be_v bring_v to_o wales_n and_o there_o have_v a.d._n 1230_o a_o honourable_a confinement_n in_o the_o prince_n his_o palace_n but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v there_o very_o long_o when_o he_o begin_v to_o be_v suspect_v of_o be_v too_o familiar_a with_o the_o princess_n king_n henry_n sister_n and_o as_o the_o report_n go_v be_v takeâ—_n in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o adultery_n for_o which_o the_o prince_n cause_v he_o to_o be_v hang_v forthwith_o about_o the_o same_o time_n lhewelyn_n maelgon_n son_n die_v in_o north-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n and_o maelgon_n prince_n rhys_n his_o son_n in_o south-wales_n and_o be_v bury_v in_o ystratflur_n who_o estate_n descend_v to_o his_o son_n maelgon_n and_o a_o little_a after_o william_n martial_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n a.d._n 1231_o dye_v one_o that_o ever_o entertain_v a_o
man_n not_o without_o a_o considerable_a loss_n of_o their_o own_o side_n aâ—ong_v who_o be_v slay_v a_o valiant_a knight_n call_v huâ—ert_n fitz-matthew_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v weary_a of_o â—hese_fw-mi perpetual_a skirmish_n and_o daily_a clashing_n between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a think_v to_o put_v a_o â—nd_n to_o the_o whole_a with_o one_o stroke_n and_o therefore_o â—aised_v a_o very_a great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o gascoignes_n â—nd_v enter_v into_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o waste_v â—nd_n destroy_v the_o country_n but_o before_o he_o can_v advance_v very_o far_o prince_n david_n intercept_v he_o in_o a_o arrow_n pass_v and_o so_o violent_o set_v upon_o he_o that_o a_o â—reat_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o brave_a soldier_n â—nd_v in_o a_o manner_n all_o the_o gascoignes_n be_v slay_v the_o king_n find_v he_o can_v effect_v nothing_o against_o the_o welsh_a invite_v over_o the_o irish_a who_o land_v in_o angleâ—ey_n begin_v to_o pillage_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n but_o the_o inhabitant_n gather_v themselves_o together_o in_o a_o body_n quick_o force_v they_o to_o their_o ship_n after_o which_o king_n henry_n have_v victual_v and_o man_v all_o his_o castle_n return_v dissatisfy_v to_o england_n but_o concern_v this_o expedition_n to_o wales_n and_o the_o continuance_n of_o the_o english_a army_n therein_o a_o certain_a person_n in_o the_o camp_n par._n mat._n par._n write_v to_o this_o effect_n to_o his_o friend_n â—n_n england_n the_o king_n with_o his_o army_n be_v encamp_v at_o gannock_n and_o be_v busy_a in_o fortify_v that_o place_n sufficient_o strong_a already_o about_o which_o we_o lie_v in_o our_o tent_n in_o watch_v fast_a pray_v and_o freeze_a we_o watch_v for_o fear_v of_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v use_v to_o come_v sudden_o upon_o we_o in_o the_o nighttime_n we_o fast_o for_o want_v of_o provision_n the_o halfpenny_n loaf_n be_v now_o rise_v and_o advance_v to_o five_o penny_n we_o pray_v that_o we_o may_v speedy_o return_v safe_a and_o scotfree_a home_n and_o we_o freeze_v for_o want_v of_o winter-garment_n have_v but_o a_o thin_a linen_n shirt_n to_o keep_v we_o from_o the_o wind._n there_o be_v a_o small_a arm_n of_o the_o sea_n under_o the_o castle_n where_o we_o lie_v which_o the_o tide_n reach_v by_o the_o conveniency_n of_o which_o many_o ship_n bring_v 〈◊〉_d provision_n and_o victual_n from_o ireland_n and_o chester_n this_o arm_n lie_v betwixt_o we_o and_o snowden_n where_o thâ—_n welch_n be_v encamp_v and_o be_v in_o breadth_n when_o thâ—_n tide_n be_v in_o about_o a_o bow-shot_a now_o it_o happen_v that_o upon_o the_o monday_n before_o michaelmas-day_n anâ—_n irish_a vessel_n come_v up_o to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o haven_n with_o provision_n to_o be_v sell_v to_o our_o camp_n which_o be_v negligent_o look_v to_o by_o the_o mariner_n be_v upon_o low_a ebb_n strand_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o castle_n near_o the_o welsh_a the_o enemy_n perceive_v this_o descend_v from_o the_o mountain_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o ship_n which_o be_v fast_o upon_o the_o dry_a sand_n whereupon_o we_o detach_v in_o boat_n three_o hundred_o welsh_a of_o the_o border_n of_o cheshire_n and_o shropshire_n with_o some_o archer_n and_o arm_a man_n to_o rescue_v the_o ship_n but_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o approach_n of_o our_o man_n withdraw_v themselves_o to_o their_o usual_a retirement_n iâ—_n the_o rock_n and_o wood_n and_o be_v pursue_v for_o about_o two_o mile_n by_o our_o man_n afoot_o who_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o in_o their_o return_n back_o our_o soldier_n be_v too_o covetous_a and_o greedy_a of_o plunder_n among_o other_o sacrilegious_a and_o profane_a action_n spoil_v the_o abbey_n of_o aberconwey_n and_o burn_v all_o the_o book_n and_o other_o choice_a utensil_n belong_v to_o it_o the_o welsh_a be_v distract_v at_o these_o irreligious_a practice_n get_v together_o in_o great_a number_n and_o in_o a_o desperate_a manner_n set_v upon_o the_o english_a kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o follow_v the_o rest_n to_o the_o waterside_n force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v not_o make_v their_o escape_n into_o the_o boat_n to_o commit_v themselves_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o wave_n those_o they_o take_v prisoner_n they_o think_v to_o reserve_v for_o exchange_n but_o hear_v how_o we_o put_v some_o of_o their_o captive_a nobility_n to_o death_n they_o alter_v their_o mind_n and_o in_o a_o revengeful_a manner_n scatter_v their_o dilacerate_v carcase_n along_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o water_n in_o this_o conflict_n we_o lose_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o our_o man_n and_o chief_o those_o under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n earl_n of_o cornwall_n as_o sir_n alan_n buscell_n sir_n adam_n de_fw-fr maio_n sir_n geoffry_n estuemy_n and_o one_o raimend_v a_o gascoign_n with_o about_o a_o hundred_o common_a soldier_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n sir_n walter_n bisset_n stout_o defend_v the_o ship_n till_o midnight_n when_o the_o tide_n return_v whereupon_o the_o welsh_a who_o assail_v we_o of_o all_o side_n be_v force_v to_o withdraw_v be_v much_o concern_v that_o we_o have_v so_o happy_o escape_v their_o hand_n the_o cargo_n of_o this_o ship_n be_v three_o hundred_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n with_o a_o plenty_n of_o other_o provision_n for_o the_o army_n which_o at_o that_o time_n it_o stand_v in_o very_o great_a need_n of_o but_o the_o next_o morning_n when_o the_o sea_n be_v return_v the_o welsh_a come_v merry_o down_o again_o to_o the_o ship_n think_v to_o surprise_v our_o man_n but_o as_o luck_n will_v have_v it_o they_o have_v at_o full_a sea_n the_o night_n before_o relinquish_v the_o ship_n and_o return_v safe_a to_o the_o camp_n the_o enemy_n miss_v of_o our_o man_n set_v upon_o the_o cargo_n of_o the_o ship_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o wine_n and_o other_o provision_n and_o then_o when_o the_o sea_n begin_v to_o slow_a they_o put_v fire_n to_o the_o vessel_n and_o return_v to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o army_n and_o thus_o we_o lay_v encamp_v in_o great_a misery_n and_o distress_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_n expose_v to_o great_a and_o frequent_a danger_n and_o in_o great_a fear_n of_o the_o private_a assault_n and_o sudden_a incursion_n of_o our_o enemy_n oftentimes_o we_o set_v upon_o and_o assail_v the_o welsh_a and_o in_o one_o conflict_n we_o carry_v away_o a_o hundred_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o very_o triumphant_o we_o convey_v to_o our_o camp_n for_o the_o scarcity_n of_o provision_n be_v then_o so_o great_a that_o there_o remain_v but_o one_o hogshead_n of_o wine_n in_o the_o whole_a army_n a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n be_v sell_v for_o twenty_o shilling_n a_o feed_a ox_n for_o three_o or_o four_o mark_n and_o a_o hen_n for_o eight_o penny_n so_o that_o there_o happen_v a_o very_a lamentable_a mortality_n both_o of_o man_n and_o horse_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a sustenance_n of_o life_n the_o english_a army_n have_v undergo_v such_o misery_n as_o be_v here_o describe_v and_o king_n henry_n as_o be_v â—aid_v perceive_v it_o be_v in_o vain_a for_o he_o to_o continue_v â—ny_n long_o in_o wales_n where_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o gain_v no_o great_a credit_n he_o return_v with_o his_o army_n into_o england_n be_v not_o very_o desirous_a to_o make_v another_o expeditiâ—â—_n into_o wales_n then_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o baron_n wales_n and_o those_o that_o have_v favour_v and_o maintainâ—â—_n gruffydh_n cause_n be_v make_v friend_n and_o record_n lead_v to_o prince_n david_n to_o who_o they_o vow_v true_a aâ—â—_n perpetual_a allegiance_n but_o the_o prince_n do_v not_o loâ—â—_n survive_v this_o amity_n and_o agreement_n between_o he_o aâ—â—_n his_o subject_n for_o fall_v sick_a towards_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d a.d._n 1246_o this_o year_n he_o die_v in_o march_n at_o his_o palace_n in_o aâ—â—â—_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o conwey_n leave_v no_o issue_n to_o succee_v the_o only_a thing_n unpardonable_a in_o this_o prince_n be_v he_o over_o jealousy_n and_o severity_n against_o his_o bâ—â—ther_n gruffydh_n a_o person_n so_o well-beloved_a of_o the_o welsh_a that_o upon_o his_o account_n their_o affection_n be_v much_o coâ—â—ed_v and_o in_o some_o entire_o alienate_v from_o their_o prince_n indeed_o thus_o much_o may_v be_v say_v for_o david_n that_o gruâ—fydh_n be_v a_o valorous_a and_o a_o aspire_a man_n and_o if_o sâ—_n at_o liberty_n will_v bid_v fair_a to_o eject_v he_o out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d principality_n which_o king_n henry_n of_o england_n too_o whâ—_n think_v he_o may_v bring_v over_o david_n a_o mild_a maâ—_n to_o what_o term_n he_o please_v be_v sensible_a of_o when_o 〈◊〉_d will_v by_o no_o persuasion_n dismiss_v he_o from_o custody_n iâ—_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n but_o this_o occasion_v all_o thâ—_n disturbance_n that_o happen_v in_o his_o time_n the_o welâ—â—_n themselves_o for_o the_o love_n they_o bear_v
and_o may_v be_v to_o their_o great_a oppression_n in_o those_o right_n which_o they_o have_v purchase_v and_o hitherto_o enjoy_v with_o their_o estate_n and_o also_o on_o occasion_n of_o great_a vexation_n to_o many_o of_o your_o majesty_n subject_n who_o have_v long_o have_v the_o absolute_a inheritance_n of_o several_a land_n comprehend_v in_o the_o say_a grant_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n by_o ancient_a grant_n from_o the_o crown_n his_o majesty_n answer_n gentleman_n i_o have_v kindness_n for_o my_o lord_n portland_n which_o he_o have_v deserve_v of_o i_o by_o long_a and_o faithful_a service_n but_o i_o shall_v not_o have_v give_v he_o these_o land_n if_o i_o have_v imagine_v the_o house_n of_o commons_o can_v have_v be_v concern_v i_o will_v therefore_o recall_v the_o grant_n and_o find_v some_o other_o way_n of_o show_v my_o favour_n to_o he_o the_o lordship_n of_o ruthyn_n continue_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o grays_n till_o the_o reign_n of_o henry_n vii_o when_o george_n grey_n earl_n of_o kent_n and_o lord_n of_o ruthyn_n upon_o some_o bargain_n pass_v the_o same_o over_o to_o the_o king_n since_o which_o it_o have_v be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o some_o of_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n and_o afterward_o come_v to_o the_o middleton_n of_o chirk_n castle_n in_o the_o county_n of_o denbigh_n where_o it_o still_o continue_v be_v now_o enjoy_v by_o the_o right_n worshipful_a sir_n richard_n middleton_n baronet_n but_o beside_o henry_n lacie_n and_o reginald_n grey_n several_z other_z gentleman_n of_o quality_n come_v at_o this_o time_n with_o king_n edward_n to_o north-wales_n who_o in_o some_o time_n become_v to_o be_v man_n of_o great_a possession_n and_o sway_n in_o the_o country_n who_o posterity_n enjoy_v the_o same_o to_o this_o time_n but_o he_o that_o expect_v to_o fare_v best_a in_o the_o distribution_n of_o these_o lordship_n and_o estate_n in_o wales_n be_v one_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n a_o welsh_a man_n and_o one_o that_o contrary_a to_o the_o allegiance_n swear_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o his_o duty_n to_o his_o native_a country_n have_v serve_v the_o king_n of_o england_n in_o all_o these_o war_n and_o do_v the_o great_a hurt_n of_o any_o man_n to_o the_o interest_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o these_o great_a service_n do_v to_o king_n edward_n rhys_n expect_v no_o less_o than_o to_o be_v promote_v to_o the_o high_a preferment_n who_o the_o king_n after_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n overthrow_n first_o dub_v knight_n and_o afterward_o feed_v he_o with_o fair_a word_n and_o great_a promise_n but_o when_o he_o and_o all_o his_o neighbour_n and_o countryman_n have_v submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n it_o happen_v that_o the_o lord_n pain_v tipto_v warden_n of_o the_o king_n castle_n which_o join_v to_o rhy_n country_n and_o the_o lord_n alan_n plucknet_n the_o king_n steward_n in_o wales_n cite_v sir_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o king_n court_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v allege_v his_o ancient_a privilege_n and_o liberty_n together_o with_o the_o king_n promise_n to_o he_o the_o foresay_a officer_n proceed_v against_o he_o according_a to_o law_n whereupon_o a.d._n 1289_o sir_n rhys_n be_v great_o vex_v to_o be_v thus_o serve_v by_o those_o whole_a interest_n he_o have_v all_o this_o while_n so_o warm_o espouse_v think_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o pain_n tipto_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o english_a and_o to_o that_o end_n have_v draw_v together_o some_o of_o his_o tenant_n and_o countryman_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o say_a pain_n tipto_v between_o who_o several_a skirmish_n afterward_o happen_v and_o several_a man_n be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n king_n edward_n be_v now_o at_o arragon_n to_o compose_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o king_n of_o arragon_n and_o naples_n but_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o disturbance_n which_o have_v happen_v in_o wales_n betwixt_o his_o minister_n there_o and_o sir_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n he_o write_v to_o this_o latter_a require_v he_o to_o keep_v the_o peace_n till_o his_o return_n at_o what_o time_n he_o will_v redress_v all_o grievance_n and_o reduce_v matter_n to_o a_o good_a and_o reasonable_a order_n but_o sir_n rhys_n have_v already_o wait_v sufficient_o upon_o the_o king_n promise_n and_o be_v now_o in_o a_o good_a condition_n to_o offend_v his_o enemy_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n will_v not_o give_v over_o the_o enterprise_n he_o see_v so_o promise_v but_o march_v with_o his_o force_n to_o his_o enemy_n land_n burn_v and_o spoil_v several_a town_n belong_v to_o the_o english_a upon_o this_o the_o king_n send_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o cornwall_n who_o he_o have_v appoint_v his_o deputy_n during_o his_o absence_n to_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o wales_n to_o repress_v the_o insolence_n and_o to_o prevent_v any_o far_a disorderly_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o earl_n according_o prepare_v a_o army_n and_o go_v against_o sir_n rhy_n who_o army_n he_o quick_o disperse_v and_o overthrow_v his_o castle_n of_o drefolan_n but_o not_o without_o the_o loss_n of_o some_o of_o his_o chief_a men._n for_o as_o they_o besiege_v and_o undermine_v the_o say_a castle_n the_o wall_n unexpected_o fall_v down_o by_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n several_a of_o the_o english_a be_v oppress_v and_o bruise_v to_o death_n among_o who_o be_v the_o lord_n strafford_n and_o the_o lord_n william_n de_fw-fr monchency_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o robert_z tiptost_a lord_n deputy_n of_o wales_n raise_v a_o very_a powerful_a army_n against_o sir_n rhys_n and_o after_o a_o slaughter_n of_o 4000_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v he_o prisoner_n who_o the_o michaelmas_n follow_v at_o the_o king_n be_v go_v to_o scotland_n be_v condemn_v and_o execute_v at_o york_n a.d._n 1293_o but_o the_o death_n of_o sir_n rhys_n do_v not_o put_v a_o final_a period_n to_o all_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a for_o in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o there_o happen_v a_o new_a occasion_n for_o the_o welsh_a to_o murmur_v against_o and_o upbraid_v the_o government_n of_o the_o english_a over_o they_o king_n edward_n be_v now_o in_o actual_a enmity_n and_o war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o france_n for_o the_o carry_v on_o of_o which_o he_o want_v a_o liberal_a subsidy_n and_o supply_n from_o his_o subject_n this_o tax_n be_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o passion_n and_o reluctancy_n levy_v in_o divers_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o more_o especial_o in_o wales_n the_o welsh_a being_n never_o acquaint_v with_o such_o large_a contribution_n before_o a.d._n 1294_o violent_o storm_v and_o exclaim_v against_o it_o but_o not_o be_v satisfy_v with_o villify_a the_o king_n command_n they_o take_v their_o own_o captain_n roger_n de_fw-fr puelesdon_n who_o be_v appoint_v collector_n of_o the_o say_a subsidy_n and_o hang_v he_o up_o together_o with_o divers_z other_o who_o abet_v the_o collect_v of_o the_o tax_n then_o west-wales_n man_n choose_v maelgon_n fychan_n for_o their_o captain_n and_o so_o enter_v into_o caermardhyn_n and_o pembroke-shire_n they_o cruel_o harass_v all_o the_o land_n that_o belong_v to_o the_o english_a and_o then_o return_v lade_v with_o considerable_a booty_n the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n and_o they_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n choose_v one_o morgan_n for_o their_o leader_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o they_o force_v to_o make_v his_o escape_n out_o of_o the_o country_n and_o so_o morgan_n be_v put_v in_o possession_n of_o those_o land_n which_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n have_v forcible_o take_v away_o from_o morgan_n forefather_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o north-wales_n man_n set_v up_o one_o madoc_n relate_v to_o the_o last_o lhewelyn_n slay_v at_o buelht_n who_o have_v draw_v together_o a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n come_v to_o caernarvon_n and_o set_v upon_o the_o 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with_o great_a fury_n and_o courage_n face_v they_o and_o join_v battle_n force_v they_o back_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n polydore_v virgil_n say_v but_o upon_o what_o authority_n be_v not_o know_v that_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v this_o victory_n rather_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o the_o english_a army_n be_v hire_v with_o such_o money_n as_o have_v be_v wrongful_o take_v out_o of_o the_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a place_n so_o that_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n from_o above_o more_o than_o the_o force_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o overcome_v the_o english_a army_n but_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o what_o it_o will_v it_o be_v certain_a the_o english_a be_v vanquish_v upon_o which_o account_n king_n edward_n come_v in_o person_n to_o wales_n and_o keep_v his_o christmas_n at_o aberconwey_n where_o robert_n winchelsey_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v return_v from_o rome_n come_v to_o he_o and_o have_v do_v homage_n return_v honourable_o again_o to_o england_n 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prevent_v any_o more_o rebellious_a attempt_n of_o the_o welsh_a cut_v down_o all_o the_o wood_n in_o wales_n wherein_o in_o any_o time_n of_o danger_n they_o be_v wont_a to_o hide_v and_o save_v themselves_o and_o for_o a_o far_a security_n he_o repair_v and_o fortify_v all_o the_o castle_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o wales_n and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o bewmoris_fw-la in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n and_o so_o have_v put_v all_o thing_n in_o a_o settle_a posture_n and_o punish_v those_o that_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o death_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr pulesdon_n he_o return_v with_o his_o army_n into_o england_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n have_v leave_v the_o welsh_a madoc_n who_o as_o it_o be_v say_v before_o be_v choose_v captain_n by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n gather_v some_o force_n together_o and_o come_v to_o oswestry_n which_o present_o yield_v to_o he_o and_o then_o meet_v with_o the_o lord_n strange_a near_o knookine_n who_o with_o a_o detachment_n of_o the_o marcher_n come_v to_o oppose_v he_o give_v he_o battle_n vanquish_v his_o force_n and_o miserable_o ravage_v his_o country_n the_o like_a success_n he_o obtain_v a_o second_o time_n against_o the_o marcher_n but_o at_o last_o they_o bring_v together_o a_o very_a great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o meet_v madoc_n march_v towards_o shâ—ewsbury_n upon_o the_o hill_n of_o cefn_n digolh_n not_o far_o from_o camr_n castle_n where_o after_o a_o bloody_a fight_n on_o both_o side_n madoc_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o his_o army_n vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o flight_n then_o he_o be_v send_v to_o london_n and_o there_o sentence_v to_o remain_v in_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o the_o tower_n though_o other_o affirm_v that_o madoc_n be_v never_o take_v but_o that_o after_o several_a adventure_n and_o severe_a conflict_n whereby_o the_o welsh_a be_v reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n he_o come_v in_o and_o submit_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n who_o receive_v he_o upon_o condition_n he_o will_v not_o desist_v to_o pursue_v morgan_z captain_n of_o the_o glamorgan-shire_n man_n till_o he_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o madoc_n have_v perform_v this_o and_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v peaceable_a and_o undisturbed_a several_a hostage_n from_o the_o chief_a nobility_n of_o wales_n for_o their_o orderly_a and_o quiet_a behaviour_n be_v deliver_v to_o the_o king_n who_o dispose_v of_o they_o into_o divers_a castle_n in_o england_n where_o they_o continue_v in_o safe_a custody_n till_o the_o end_n of_o the_o war_n which_o be_v presently-commencâ—d_a with_o scotland_n a.d._n 1301_o in_o the_o 29_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n reign_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n come_v down_o to_o chester_n and_o receive_v homage_n of_o all_o the_o freeholders_n in_o wales_n as_o follow_v henry_n earl_n of_o lancaster_n for_o monmouth_n reginald_n grace_n for_o ruthyn_n foulke_n fitzwarren_a for_o his_o land_n the_o lord_n william_n martin_n for_o his_o land_n in_o cemaes_n roger_n mortimer_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n henry_n lacie_n earl_n of_o lincoln_n for_o rhos_n and_o rhyfoneioc_n robert_n lord_n montalt_n for_o his_o land_n and_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o poole_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o powy_n at_o the_o same_o time_n pay_v their_o homage_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n of_o anglesey_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi tudor_n archdeacon_n of_o anglesey_n eineon_n ap_fw-mi howel_n of_o caernarvon_n tudor_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v gruffydh_fw-mi â—ychan_fw-mi son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n madoc_n fychan_n denglfield_n lhewelyn_n bishop_n of_o st._n asaph_n and_z richard_z de_fw-fr pulesdon_n this_o last_o in_o the_o twelve_o year_n of_o king_n edward_n be_v constitute_v sheriff_n of_o caernarvon_n for_o life_n with_o the_o stipend_n of_o forty_o pound_n sterling_a yearly_a at_o the_o same_o place_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi tudor_n ithel_n fychan_n ithel_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n with_o many_o more_o do_v their_o homage_n then_o the_o prince_n come_v to_o ruthlan_n where_o the_o lord_n richard_n de_fw-fr sutton_n baron_n of_o malpas_n pay_v homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o say_a barony_n of_o malpas_n thence_o the_o prince_n remove_v to_o conwey_n where_o eineon_n bishop_n of_o bangor_n and_o david_n abbot_n of_o maynan_n do_v their_o homage_n as_o do_v lewis_z de_fw-fr felton_n son_n of_o richard_n felton_n for_o the_o land_n which_o his_o father_n hold_v of_o the_o prince_n in_o maelor_n saesneg_n or_o english_a maelor_n john_n earl_n warren_n swear_v homage_n for_o the_o lordship_n of_o bromfield_n and_o yale_n and_o his_o land_n in_o hope-dale_n at_o london_n in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o lord_n john_n de_fw-fr kirkby_n sometime_o bishop_n of_o ely_n as_o also_o a_o while_n after_o edmund_z mortimer_z for_o his_o land_n of_o cery_n and_o cydewen_n but_o beside_o all_o these_o there_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n at_o chester_n sir_n
leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n 217._o owen_n glendwr_n his_o family_n education_n and_o employment_n 315._o oppose_v by_o the_o lord_n ruthyn_n without_o redress_n take_v up_o arm_n and_o make_v he_o prisoner_n 316._o prevail_v take_v the_o earl_n of_o march_n prisoner_n 317._o retake_v aberystwyth_n castle_n 319._o summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o machynlleth_n 320._o secure_v david_n gam_n upon_o a_o suspicion_n of_o a_o design_n he_o have_v to_o murder_v he_o 321._o burn_v his_o house_n and_o his_o verse_n upon_o it_o ibid._n p._n patent_n of_o land_n grant_v in_o wales_n to_o the_o earl_n of_o portland_n 302._o commons_o address_v upon_o it_o 303._o king_n answer_v 304._o peckham_n john_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n endeavour_v a_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n llewelyn_n and_o his_o brother_n with_o the_o king_n 286._o his_o remonstrance_n to_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n 287_o 288_o 289_o 290._o solicit_v the_o king_n on_o behalf_n of_o the_o welsh_a 291._o send_v article_n to_o the_o welsh_a 292._o excommunicate_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o his_o adherent_n 297._o peace_n in_o general_n between_o england_n and_o wales_n except_o with_o prince_n rhys_n who_o be_v force_v to_o comply_v with_o the_o king_n 176._o unjust_o deal_v with_o 177._o powis_n prince_n of_o removes_z his_o seat_n from_o pengwern_n to_o mathraval_n 20._o a_o account_n of_o it_o while_o a_o principality_n and_o a_o lordship_n with_o the_o several_a division_n and_o possessor_n thereof_o whether_o of_o british_a or_o english_a blood_n 175_o to_o 185._o r._n rebellion_n in_o the_o north_n cause_v by_o earl_n tosty_n insolence_n 97._o appease_v 98._o rhydderch_n seize_v upon_o south-wales_n 82._o rhydderch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n 88_o rhys_n brother_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n take_v by_o the_o english_a and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v 91._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhydderch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n joint_o govern_v south-wales_n 105._o the_o latter_a die_v 106._o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o other_o ibid._n invade_v also_o from_o north-wales_n fly_n pursued_z and_o slay_v 187._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n allow_v prince_n of_o south-wales_n as_o lawful_a heir_n 107._o a_o rebellion_n form_v against_o he_o fly_v into_o ireland_n return_n and_o defeat_v his_o enemy_n 110._o suppress_v another_o rebellion_n 111._o slay_a near_o brecknock_n in_o a_o fight_n against_o the_o invade_a norman_n and_o his_o own_o rebellious_a subject_n 112._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v llanymddyfri_n castle_n 177._o subdue_v cardigan_n 178._o give_v henry_n ii_o hostage_n to_o observe_v the_o peace_n make_v between_o they_o ib._n besieges_n carmarthen_n then_o force_v to_o quit_v it_o 179._o possess_v himself_o of_o divers_a land_n belong_v to_o foreigner_n in_o wales_n as_o do_v other_o according_o to_o his_o example_n 189._o take_v aberteifi_n castle_n and_o raze_v it_o 191._o subdue_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n 197._o bring_v the_o lord_n of_o south-wales_n at_o enmity_n with_o k._n henry_n to_o do_v he_o homage_n 203._o make_v a_o great_a feast_n at_o christmas_n at_o aberteifi_n where_o the_o bard_n of_o north-wales_n and_o south-wales_n strive_v for_o the_o mastery_n 205_o 206._o take_v advantage_n upon_o king_n henry_n death_n to_o enlarge_v his_o country_n 209._o his_o family_n diminish_v 210._o make_a prisoner_n by_o his_o own_o son_n 211._o escape_n 212._o take_v two_o of_o his_o son_n prisoner_n 214._o enlarges_n his_o conquest_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a and_o norman_n 214_o 215._o dies_z his_o character_n and_o issue_n 216._o rhys_n fychan_n take_v lhanymdhysri_n castle_n 227._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prevail_v in_o south-wales_n 239._o do_v homage_n to_o henry_n iii_o 145._o dies_fw-la 147._o rhys_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n unfaithful_a to_o his_o country_n 304._o knight_v by_o king_n edward_n revolt_v â—05_n defeat_v take_v prisoner_n and_o execute_v 306._o rhythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 122._o richard_n king_n of_o england_n feast_n in_o the_o holy_a land_n 210._o take_a prisoner_n in_o austria_n ibid._n died_n of_o his_o wound_n receive_v at_o chalons_n in_o france_n 219._o richard_z of_o bourdeaux_n create_v prince_n of_o wales_n 315._o robert_n cyrthois_n rebel_v against_o his_o father_n in_o normandy_n 110._o robert_n earl_n of_o salop_n rebel_n against_o henry_n i._n 122._o engage_v the_o welsh_a in_o the_o quarrel_n 123._o seek_v aid_n of_o magnus_n harold_n son_n and_o fail_v banish_v with_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n into_o normandy_n 124._o robert_n de_fw-fr belissimo_fw-la a_o great_a disturber_n of_o the_o welsh_a commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n by_o king_n henry_n 139._o roderic_n molwynoc_n succeed_v ifor_n anno_fw-la 720.15_o drive_a by_o the_o saxon_n out_o of_o the_o western_a country_n to_o his_o inheritance_n in_o north-wales_n 17._o dye_v soon_o after_o 18._o roderic_n the_o great_a prince_n of_o wales_n 27._o beat_v the_o dane_n out_o of_o his_o country_n â—3_n fight_v the_o english_a anâ—_n with_o his_o brother_n gwyriad_n it_o slain_n 34._o his_o pedigree_n and_o division_n of_o wales_n between_o iâ—â—â—_n three_o son_n ibid._n his_o imprudence_n herein_o 36._o s._n saxons_n their_o answer_n to_o the_o british_a message_n 5._o they_o first_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n 6._o enter_v into_o league_n with_o the_o scot_n ib._n they_o encroach_v upon_o the_o britain_n 19â—_n scot_n and_o pict_n invade_v britain_n 1_o sâ—ward_o earl_n his_o say_v upon_o his_o son_n be_v slay_v in_o battle_n 19_o his_o soldierly_a temper_n at_o his_o â—earâ—_n 92._o south_n wales_n invade_v twice_o in_o one_o year_n by_o jeâ—af_n and_o 〈◊〉_d prince_n of_o north-wales_n â—5_n they_o quarre_n and_o 〈◊〉_d consequence_n of_o it_o 57_o embroiled_a 〈◊〉_d between_o rhyâ—_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n and_o the_o former_a support_v by_o the_o english_a 235_o 236._o stephen_n king_n of_o england_n agree_v with_o the_o king_n of_o scotâ—_n 157._o ravages_n scotland_n 160._o suppress_v injury_n â—â—ons_n at_o home_o and_o â—ouâ—s_v the_o scot_n by_o his_o lieutenant_n 161._o besieges_n arundel_n castle_n in_o vain_a 162._o take_v lincoln_n be_v defeat_v and_o take_v prisoner_n ibid._n exchange_v for_o earl_n robert_n and_o overthrow_v a_o second_o time_n at_o wilton_n 163._o win_v the_o battle_n of_o farendon_n agree_v with_o henry_n the_o empress_n son_n and_o die_v 172._o steward_n the_o family_n and_o their_o original_a 91_o 92._o sulien_n archb_n shop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v 111._o sulien_n a_o learned_a man_n of_o llanbadarn_n die_v 165._o swain_n the_o dane_n waste_v the_o isle_n of_o man._n land_n in_o north-wales_n 68_o kill_v edwal_n prince_n of_o the_o country_n ib._n his_o success_n in_o england_n and_o esteem_v king_n hereof_o 74_o 75._o swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n invade_v england_n and_o take_v york_n 102._o force_v to_o fly_v ibid._n t._n trahern_n fychan_n strange_o hang_v 217._o trahern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n make_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n 105._o his_o country_n invade_v from_o ireland_n by_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n the_o right_a heir_n ibid._n they_o fight_v and_o trahern_n with_o his_o cousin_n worsted_n and_o all_o slay_v 108._o tribute_n pay_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n 48._o tudor_n vaughan_n ap_fw-mi grono_n his_o family_n will_v be_v sâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d knight_n and_o his_o reason_n for_o it_o to_o king_n edward_n iii_o who_o confirm_v the_o honour_n of_o it_o 314._o v._o vortigern_n invite_v the_o saxon_n into_o britain_n 5._o vortimer_n repel_v the_o saxon_n 7._o w._n wales_n waste_v by_o the_o merciâ—â—s_v 24._o by_o king_n egbert_n ibid._n divide_v into_o three_o province_n 27._o invade_v by_o the_o english_a 52._o forcible_o manage_v by_o jevaf_n and_o jago_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n only_o 56._o afflict_a by_o the_o dane_n and_o a_o murrain_n 65._o give_v hostage_n to_o pay_v the_o ancient_a tribute_n 95._o seldom_o govern_v by_o the_o right_a heir_n 109._o waste_v by_o the_o english_a as_o far_o as_o anglesey_n 121._o embroil_a with_o civil_a division_n 151._o item_n 153_o 154._o in_o great_a scarcity_n 276._o annnext_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n 300._o walwey_n king_n arthur_n nephew_n his_o tomb_n find_v who_o body_n be_v of_o a_o prodigious_a length_n 110._o welsh_a quarrel_n among_o themselves_o 22._o ibid._n 23._o they_o defeat_v the_o mercian_n at_o conwey_n and_o call_v it_o dial_n rhodri_n 38._o disable_v the_o dane_n and_o english_a that_o invade_v they_o then_o fall_v out_o among_o themselves_o 61._o too_o late_o see_v the_o folly_n of_o foreign_a aid_n 114._o miserable_o slaughter_v 130_o 131._o be_v at_o peace_n from_o abroad_o they_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o destroy_v one_o another_o 208._o complain_v to_o their_o prince_n of_o their_o oppression_n from_o the_o english_a 272._o beat_v by_o the_o english_a 279._o worst_a the_o english_a 297_o 298._o beat_v in_o buelht_n ibid._n revolt_v because_o of_o a_o heavy_a tax_n from_o edward_n i._n every_o where_o 306._o beat_v the_o english_a 307._o take_v the_o king_n carriage_n ibid._n rout_v by_o the_o earl_n of_o warwick_n 308._o beat_v the_o marcher_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overcome_v and_o their_o leader_n madoc_n make_v prisoner_n 309._o welsh_a minstrel_n reform_v whereof_o be_v three_o sort_n 159._o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n claim_v the_o crown_n of_o england_n 98._o land_n at_o hastings_n and_o defeat_v the_o english_a 100_o william_n i._o go_v with_o a_o army_n on_o pilgrimage_n to_o s._n david_n 100_o william_n rufus_n invade_v the_o welsh_a without_o success_n 118._o item_n 120._o kill_v 122._o finis_fw-la book_n print_v for_o and_o sell_v by_o robert_n clauâ—â—â—_n the_o plausible_a argument_n of_o a_o roman_n catholic_n answer_v by_o a_o english_a protestant_n in_o the_o welsh_a tongue_n price_n 4_o d._n the_o church-history_n clear_v from_o the_o roman_a forgery_n and_o corruption_n find_v in_o the_o council_n and_o baronius_n in_o four_o part_n from_o the_o begin_n of_o christianity_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o five_o general_n council_n by_o thomas_n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o a_o historical_a vindication_n of_o the_o diviâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d of_o tithe_n from_o scripture_n reasoâ—_n 〈◊〉_d opinion_n and_o practice_n of_o jew_n goâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d christian_n in_o all_o age_n to_o which_o be_v add_v a_o discourse_n concern_v excommunication_n by_o tho._n comber_n d._n d._n dean_n of_o durham_n 40._o
the_o history_n of_o wales_n comprehend_v the_o life_n and_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n from_z cadwallader_n the_o last_o king_n to_o lhewelyn_n the_o last_o prince_n of_o british_a blood_n with_o a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o wales_n under_o the_o king_n of_o england_n write_a original_o in_o british_a by_o caradoc_n of_o lhancarvan_n and_o former_o publish_v in_o english_a by_o dr._n powel_n now_o new_o augment_v and_o improve_v by_o w._n wynne_n a._n m._n and_o fellow_n of_o jesus_n college_n oxon._n london_n print_v by_o m._n clark_n for_o the_o author_n and_o be_v to_o be_v sell_v by_o r._n clavell_n at_o the_o peacock_n at_o the_o west-end_a of_o s._n paul_n 1697._o to_o the_o right_a rev_n d_o father_n in_o god_n humphrey_z lord_z bishop_n of_o bangor_n my_o lord_n when_o i_o have_v finish_v the_o follow_a book_n i_o be_v not_o long_o to_o determine_v under_o who_o patronage_n i_o shall_v make_v it_o public_a your_o lordship_n be_v extraordinary_a knowledge_n in_o all_o the_o british_a antiquity_n especial_o that_o part_n which_o relate_v to_o the_o welsh_a just_o claim_v what_o i_o now_o make_v bold_a to_o offer_v to_o your_o favour_n for_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v as_o natural_a a_o design_n of_o a_o dedication_n to_o present_v one_o labour_n to_o the_o great_a judge_n as_o to_o he_o who_o be_v the_o great_a encourager_n of_o his_o write_n and_o if_o so_o my_o lord_n this_o single_a reason_n will_v sufficient_o justify_v i_o from_o any_o presumption_n in_o submit_v the_o follow_a paper_n to_o your_o lordship_n protection_n but_o where_o the_o obligation_n be_v corroborate_v by_o a_o equal_a engagement_n and_o since_o your_o lordship_n have_v be_v please_v to_o encourage_v and_o promote_v the_o design_n before_o it_o come_v to_o any_o growth_n i_o hope_v i_o may_v safe_o present_v now_o in_o its_o perfect_a strength_n and_o vigour_n what_o you_o be_v then_o please_v to_o receive_v in_o its_o infancy_n the_o 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with_o his_o work_n as_o for_o the_o antiâ—ent_a writer_n of_o the_o british_a history_n as_o the_o british_a chronicle_n the_o history_n of_o gildas_n ponticus_n vorunnius_n â—ea_o the_o golden_a work_n of_o matthew_n paris_n monk_n of_o st._n alban_n which_o write_v from_o william_n bastard_n to_o the_o â—ast_a year_n of_o henry_n the_o three_o i_o dare_v well_o say_v he_o â—ever_o see_v they_o they_o be_v in_o divers_a place_n to_o be_v have_v â—o_o that_o the_o truth_n may_v be_v easy_o prove_v to_o make_v â—n_a end_n i_o say_v that_o he_o be_v first_o a_o stranger_n bear_v and_o also_o ignorant_a as_o well_o in_o the_o history_n of_o this_o realm_n as_o â—f_o those_o tongue_n and_o language_n wherein_o the_o same_o be_v write_v can_v never_o set_v forth_o the_o true_a and_o perfect_a chronicle_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o have_v a_o good_a grace_n and_o a_o pleasant_a style_n in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n and_o find_v himself_o in_o a_o country_n
the_o main_a land_n with_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n call_v maenai_n and_o have_v in_o itself_o three_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o which_o be_v subdivide_v to_o six_o comot_n as_o cantref_o aberffraw_n to_o comot_n lhion_n and_o comot_n malheraâ—th_v cantref_n cemais_n to_o the_o comot_n taliboâ—ion_n and_o twr_fw-mi celyn_n cantref_o rossyr_n to_o the_o comot_n tyndaethwy_a and_o maenai_n and_o at_o this_o day_n there_o be_v a_o â—ine_z town_n in_o that_o isle_n call_v bewmoris_n and_o a_o common_a passage_n to_o ireland_n at_o caergybi_n call_v in_o english_a holyhead_n but_o here_o i_o can_v wink_v at_o that_o notable_a error_n of_o polydore_n which_o after_o his_o accustom_a fashion_n deni_v this_o isle_n to_o be_v call_v môna_n but_o anglesia_fw-la or_o anglorum_fw-la insula_fw-la because_o it_o be_v call_v in_o english_a anglesey_n and_o give_v this_o name_n môna_n to_o man_n and_o so_o have_v lose_v the_o name_n of_o both_o isle_n which_o ignorance_n and_o forgetfulness_n may_v be_v forgive_v he_o if_o he_o have_v not_o draw_v a_o great_a number_n to_o this_o error_n with_o he_o which_o in_o their_o charter_n do_v daily_a wrong_n name_v these_o isle_n which_o may_v be_v easy_o prove_v first_o because_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o isle_n do_v know_v none_o other_o name_n but_o môn_n and_o it_o be_v call_v through_o all_o wales_n tir_v môn_o that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o land_n of_o môn_n unto_o this_o day_n so_o that_o neither_o by_o memory_n of_o man_n neither_o by_o any_o monument_n in_o write_v in_o the_o british_a tongue_n can_v it_o appear_v that_o ever_o it_o have_v any_o other_o name_n but_o môn_n yet_o there_o be_v manifest_a monument_n for_o these_o â—000_n year_n it_o be_v also_o grow_v to_o a_o proverb_n through_o wales_n for_o the_o fertility_n of_o the_o ground_n môn_a mam_n gymry_n â—hat_n be_v to_o say_v môn_a mother_n of_o wales_n the_o ancient_a history_n of_o cornelius_n tacitus_n which_o be_v like_o age_n have_v beat_v out_o of_o polydor_n head_n say_v that_o the_o soldier_n of_o paulinus_n suetonius_n and_o afterward_o of_o julius_n agricola_n after_o they_o have_v pass_v through_o north-wales_n then_o come_v over_o against_o môna_n where_o they_o do_v swim_v over_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n of_o 200_o pace_n and_o so_o by_o force_n win_v the_o isle_n now_o whether_o it_o be_v more_o reasonable_a thus_o to_o swim_v over_o 200_o pace_n or_o 20_o mile_n i_o know_v there_o be_v no_o man_n that_o believe_v polydore_n in_o this_o point_n i_o see_v all_o man_n therefore_o judge_v the_o rest_n as_o for_o that_o which_o he_o say_v of_o the_o great_a wood_n it_o be_v nothing_o for_o both_o the_o roman_n and_o after_o when_o the_o christian_a faith_n take_v place_n in_o this_o realm_n the_o christian_n do_v fall_v and_o root_v they_o out_o for_o the_o idolatry_n and_o absurd_a religion_n which_o be_v use_v there_o that_o the_o king_n 〈◊〉_d man_n send_v for_o timber_n to_o môn_n read_v the_o life_n of_o hugâ—_n earl_n of_o chester_n which_o also_o be_v evident_a by_o the_o greaâ—_n beech_n and_o other_o tree_n find_v in_o the_o earth_n at_o these_o day_n his_o other_o reason_n be_v because_o it_o be_v call_v anglesey_n in_o the_o english_a tongue_n so_o be_v lhoyger_n england_n and_o cambry_n wales_n be_v those_o therefore_o the_o old_a name_n no_o sure_o and_o what_o if_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v it_o so_o as_o they_o do_v not_o have_v it_o not_o a_o namâ—_n before_o the_o angles_n win_v it_o yes_o i_o warrant_v you_o bâ—_n he_o have_v forget_v that_o now_o to_o the_o name_n of_o man_n 〈◊〉_d be_v ever_o or_o at_o the_o least_o these_o 1000_o year_n name_v iâ—_n british_n manaw_n of_o which_o come_v the_o english_a name_n man._n the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o call_v it_o so_o and_o 〈◊〉_d nation_n about_o it_o do_v ever_o call_v it_o môn_o no_o nor_o any_o writer_n but_o polydore_n which_o be_v too_o young_a a_o god_n father_n to_o name_n so_o old_a a_o child_n for_o gildas_n who_o write_v above_o 900_o year_n pass_v who_o write_n polydor_z never_o see_v but_o untrue_o father_n upon_o he_o his_o own_o devise_n giraldus_n in_o his_o description_n of_o ireland_n to_o henrâ—_n the_o second_o and_o henry_n huntingdon_n do_v plain_o caâ—â—_n man_n in_o latin_a eubâ—nia_n add_v thereto_o either_o manâ—â—_n or_o man_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o name_n will_v you_o believe_v they_o or_o polydore_n other_o argument_n there_o be_v which_o i_o will_v pass_v over_o till_o i_o have_v more_o leisure_n and_o occasion_n to_o write_v of_o this_o matter_n arfon_n arfon_n the_o second_o part_n of_o north-wales_n be_v call_v arfoâ—_n which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v over_o against_o môn_n anâ—_n have_v in_o it_o four_o cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n cantref_o aber_n have_v in_o it_o three_o comot_n y_o lhechwedh-uchaf_a y_o lhechwedh-isaf_a and_o nant-conway_n cantref_o arfon_n have_v two_o comot_n ywch_v gwyrfai_n and_o isgwyrfai_n cantref_o dunodic_n have_v two_o comot_n ardudwy_n and_o efionyth_n cantref_o lhyn_n contain_v three_o comot_n cyâ—nytmayâ—_n tinlhayn_n and_o canologion_n this_o be_v now_o call_v caernarvonshire_n as_o môn_n be_v call_v angleseyshire_n and_o have_v the_o same_o division_n at_o this_o day_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v â—nowden-hills_n call_v eryri_n neither_o in_o height_n fertility_n of_o the_o ground_n wood_n cattle_n fish_n and_o fowl_n â—iving_v place_n to_o the_o famous_a alps_n and_o without_o controversy_n the_o strong_a country_n within_o britain_n here_o be_v the_o town_n of_o caernarâ—on_n call_v in_o the_o old_a â—ime_n caersegonce_n and_o there_o be_v also_o conwey_n call_v caerâ—yffyn_n and_o the_o see_v of_o bangâ—r_n with_o divers_a other_o ancient_a castle_n and_o place_n of_o memory_n and_o be_v the_o â—ast_a part_n of_o wales_n that_o come_v under_o the_o dominion_n of_o â—he_n king_n of_o england_n it_o have_v on_o the_o north_n the_o sea_n use_v maenai_n upon_o the_o east_n and_o south_n east_n the_o river_n â—onwey_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o denbigh_n shire_n although_o â—t_a now_o pass_v the_o river_n in_o one_o place_n by_o the_o seashore_n and_o on_o the_o south-west_n and_o west_n it_o be_v separate_v from_o merionyth_n by_o high_a mountain_n and_o river_n and_o other_o mere_n the_o three_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v merionyth_n contain_v three_o cantred_n merionyth_n merionyth_n and_o every_o cantre_v three_o coâ—ots_n as_o cantref_o meyreon_n have_v three_o comot_n talyhont_n pennal_n and_o ystumane_a cantref_o aâ—ustly_o have_v these_o vwchoâ—ed_v iscoed_n and_o â—warthrenion_n cantref_o paâ—lhyn_n have_v these_o vwchmeloch_n ismeloch_n â—nd_v micuâ—ins_n and_o this_o keep_v the_o say_a name_n till_o this_o â—ay_n but_o not_o within_o the_o same_o mere_n and_o be_v full_a of_o hill_n â—nd_v rock_n and_o have_v upon_o the_o north_n the_o sea_n notable_a â—t_a this_o day_n for_o the_o great_a resort_n and_o number_n of_o people_n â—hat_n repair_v thither_o to_o take_v herring_n it_o have_v upon_o â—he_n east_n arfon_n and_o denbighland_n upon_o the_o south_n powy_n and_o upon_o the_o west_n dyfi_n and_o cardiganshire_n in_o this_o country_n stand_v the_o town_n of_o harlech_n tegyd_a tegyd_a and_o 〈◊〉_d great_a lake_n call_v lhyn-tegyd_a through_o which_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi run_v and_o mingle_v not_o with_o the_o water_n of_o the_o lake_n which_o be_v three_o mile_n long_o and_o also_o the_o salmon_n which_o be_v common_o take_v in_o the_o river_n â—ard_v by_o the_o lake_n be_v never_o see_v to_o enter_v the_o lake_n likewise_o a_o kind_n of_o fish_n call_v gwyniay_v which_o be_v like_o â—o_o whiting_n and_o be_v full_a in_o the_o lake_n be_v never_o take_v â—n_o the_o river_n not_o far_o from_o this_o lake_n be_v a_o place_n call_v caergay_n which_o be_v the_o house_n of_o gay_a arthur_n foster-brother_n this_o shire_n as_o well_o as_o arfon_n be_v full_a of_o cattle_n fowl_n and_o fish_n with_o great_a number_n of_o red_a deer_n and_o roe_n but_o there_o be_v great_a scarcity_n of_o corn._n berfedhwlad_a y_fw-fr berfedhwlad_a the_o four_o part_n of_o gwynedh_n be_v call_v y_o berfedhwlad_a which_o may_v be_v english_v the_o inland_n or_o middle_a country_n which_o contain_v five_o cantrede_n and_o thirteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o rhyfonioc_n have_v in_o it_o these_o comot_n vwchalet_n and_o isales_n cantref_o ystrad_n have_v hiraethoâ—_n and_o cynineiroh_n cantref_o rhos_n these_o vwchdulas_n isdulas_n and_o crouthyn_n all_o which_o be_v in_o the_o lordship_n of_o denbigh_n save_v the_o creuthyn_n which_o be_v in_o caernarvon_n shire_n wherein_o the_o castle_n of_o dyganwy_n do_v stand_v which_o be_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n and_o be_v common_o call_v in_o the_o latin_a and_o english_a chronicle_n gannoe_n clwyd_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n the_o four_o cantref_n be_v dyffryn_n clwyd_n which_o may_v be_v english_v the_o valley_n of_o clwyd_n and_o now_o be_v call_v the_o lordship_n of_o rhuthyn_n
to_o dee_fw-mi a_o little_a above_o chester_n and_o this_o â—â—all_v suffice_v for_o the_o perfect_a description_n of_o that_o which_o 〈◊〉_d old_a time_n be_v call_v gwynedh_n and_o powy_n and_o at_o â—hese_fw-mi day_n the_o six_o shire_n of_o north-wales_n now_o remain_v the_o last_o kingdom_n of_o wales_n dynefawr_n dynefawr_n call_v dynefawr_n which_o although_o it_o be_v the_o great_a yet_o be_v 〈◊〉_d not_o the_o best_a as_o giraldus_n witness_v chief_o because_o it_o be_v much_o molest_v with_o flemings_n and_o norman_n and_o also_o that_o in_o divers_a part_n thereof_o the_o lord_n will_v not_o obey_v their_o prince_n as_o in_o gwent_n and_o in_o morganwe_n which_o be_v their_o own_o confusion_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o appear_v this_o be_v divide_v into_o six_o part_n of_o the_o which_o caredigion_n be_v the_o first_o caredigion_n caredigion_n and_o contain_v â—our_n cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cantref_o penwedic_n have_v â—n_v it_o these_o comot_n geneurglyn_n perfedh_n and_o creuthyn_n cantref_o canawl_n have_v these_o mefenyth_n anhunoc_n and_o pennarth_n cantref_o castelh_n have_v these_o comot_n mabwynion_n and_o caerwedros_n cantref_o syrwen_n have_v these_o gwenionyth_n and_o iscoed_n and_o this_o part_n be_v at_o this_o day_n call_v in_o english_a cardigan-shi_a e_o and_o in_o welch_n swydh-aberteifi_a this_o be_v a_o champion_n country_n without_o much_o wood_n and_o have_v be_v divers_a time_n overcome_v with_o fleming_n and_o norman_n which_o build_v many_o castle_n in_o it_o and_o at_o the_o last_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o they_o all_o it_o have_v on_o the_o east_n north-wales_n with_o the_o river_n dyfi_n and_o part_n of_o powy_n upon_o the_o south_n caermardhyn_n shire_n upon_o the_o west_n pembroke_n shire_n with_o the_o river_n teifi_n and_o upon_o the_o north_n the_o irish_a sea_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o town_n of_o cardigan_n upon_o teifi_n noâ—_n far_o from_o the_o sea_n the_o town_n of_o aberystwyth_n upoâ—_n the_o river_n ystwyth_n by_o the_o sea_n and_o lhanbadarn_n faâ—â—_n which_o be_v a_o great_a sanctuary_n and_o a_o place_n of_o religious_a and_o learned_a man_n in_o time_n past_a and_o in_o thâ—_n shire_n be_v a_o great_a number_n of_o castle_n as_o the_o castle_n of_o ystratmeyric_n of_o walter_n of_o lhanrysted_a of_o dynertâ—_n of_o the_o son_n of_o wyneaon_n of_o aber-reidol_a and_o a_o greâ—â—_n number_v more_o with_o the_o town_n of_o tregaron_n and_o lhâ—â—dhewibrefi_n dyfet_n dyfet_n the_o second_o part_n be_v call_v dyfe_v and_o at_o this_o daâ—_n pembrokeshire_n and_o have_v in_o it_o eight_o cantred_n anâ—_n twenty_o three_o comot_n which_o be_v these_o cantreâ—_n emlyn_n have_v these_o comot_n vwchcuch_o iscuch_o anâ—_n lefethyr_n cantref_o arberth_n have_v these_o penrhyn_n be_v elay_n esterâ—lef_n and_o talacharn_n cantref_n daugledheu_o have_v these_o amgoed_n pennaâ—_n and_o efelfre_n cantref_n y_fw-fr coed_n have_v these_o lhanhayaden_a and_o casteâ—_n gwys_n cantref_o penfro_n have_v these_o coed_n your_o haf_n maenor_n byâ—_n and_o penfro_n cantref_o rhos_n have_v these_o hulfforth_n castelh_n gwalch_n mai_fw-gr and_o ygarn_n cantref_o pubidioc_n have_v these_o mynyw_n pencaer_n anâ—_n pebidioc_fw-la cantref_o cemais_n have_v these_o vwchnefer_v isnefer_v anâ—_n trefdraeth_n in_o this_o part_n be_v divers_a town_n and_o havens_n at_o thiâ—_n day_n as_o pembroke_n tenby_n in_o welsh_a dynbegh-y-pyscâ—â—_a hereford-west_n in_o welsh_a hulfforth_n with_o the_o fair_a haven_n of_o milford_n call_v in_o welsh_a aberdaugledheâ—_n st._n david_n or_o menevia_n call_v in_o welsh_a mynyw_n the_o chief_a see_v in_o all_o wales_n then_o fiscard_v call_v abergwayn_n and_o newport_n name_v trefdraeth_n these_o be_v along_o the_o sea-coast_n or_o not_o very_o far_o off_o beside_o these_o â—â—ere_o be_v divers_a castle_n as_o cilgerran_n arberth_n gwys_n â—â—anhayaden_a walwyn_n and_o divers_a other_o this_o part_n be_v â—on_n first_o by_o the_o montgomery_n earl_n of_o shrewsbury_n and_o â—â—ter_v give_v to_o the_o marshal_n and_o so_o to_o valence_n and_o from_o â—ence_n be_v the_o prince_n of_o wales_n most_o trouble_v with_o â—â—e_v norman_n and_o fleming_n who_o do_v remain_v and_o inâ—â—bit_n about_o tenby_n pembroke_n and_o rhos_n to_o this_o day_n â—hich_v can_v neither_o welsh_a nor_o good_a english_a as_o yet_o â—â—fed_v for_o so_o will_v i_o call_v it_o hereafter_o have_v on_o the_o â—â—e_z west_n and_o north_n the_o irish_a sea_n upon_o the_o south_n the_o â—anish_a sea_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n caermardhyn-shire_n use_v on_o the_o north-east_n cardiganshire_n the_o three_o â—â—rt_n be_v caermardhyn-shire_n have_v four_o cantred_n caermardhyn_n caermardhyn_n use_v fifteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o finâ—oc_n with_o the_o coâ—ots_n of_o harfâ—yn_n derfedh_fw-mi and_o isgeneny_n cantref_o eginoc_n with_o these_o gwyr_n now_o in_o glamorganâ—â—â—re_n cydweli_n and_o carnwilheon_n cantref_o bachan_n with_o these_o malhaen_n caeo_n and_o â—â—aenor_n deilo_n cantref_o mawr_z with_o these_o cethineoc_n comot_n mabelfyw_n â—omot_n mabvchdryd_n and_o wydigada_n in_o this_o shire_n be_v the_o â—owns_n and_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n dynefowr_n which_o be_v â—â—e_v prince_n seat_n of_o the_o country_n newtown_n lhandeilo_n â—â—anymdhyfri_fw-la emlyn_n swansey_n now_o in_o glamorganâ—â—â—re_n call_v in_o welsh_a abertawy_n upon_o the_o sea_n the_o â—â—stle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v of_o lhanstephan_n and_o â—â—â—ers_n it_o have_v upon_o the_o west_n dyfe_v or_o pembrokeshire_n 〈◊〉_d the_o north_n cardiganshire_n upon_o the_o south-west_n 〈◊〉_d sea_n and_o upon_o the_o southeast_n glamorgan_n and_o on_o the_o east_n brecknockshire_n this_o be_v count_v the_o strong_a part_n of_o all_o south-wales_n as_o that_o which_o be_v â—â—l_o of_o high_a mountain_n great_a wood_n and_o fair_a river_n special_o tywy_a in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o other_o two_o part_n 〈◊〉_d south-wales_n be_v the_o notable_a act_n that_o this_o hiâ—â—â—ry_n treat_v of_o achieve_v and_o do_v the_o four_o call_v morganwe_v now_o glamorgan-shire_n morganwc_n morganwc_n contain_v four_o cantred_n with_o fifteen_o comot_n as_o cantref_o cron_v with_o these_o comot_n rwngn_v ac_fw-la afan_n 〈◊〉_d your_o hwndrwd_n and_o maenor_n glynogwr_n cantref_o pennythen_n with_o these_o meyscyn_n glynrhodny_n â—aenor_n talafan_n and_o maenor_n ruthyn_n cantref_o brenhinol_n with_o these_o cibowr_n senghennyth_n vwchcaeth_n and_o iscaeth_n cantref_o gwentlhwg_n which_o be_v now_o in_o monmouthshire_n with_o these_o comot_n y_fw-fr rhardh_fw-mi ganol_n and_o eithafdylygion_n in_o this_o part_n be_v these_o town_n and_o castle_n lhandaf_n the_o bishop_n see_v caerdyffe_n call_v caerdhyf_n cowbridge_n call_v in_o welsh_a y_fw-fr bont_fw-fr faen_fw-mi which_o be_v as_o much_o as_o to_o say_v stone-bridge_n lantwyd_n caerffyli_n and_o other_o and_o have_v divers_a river_n which_o run_v to_o the_o south-sea_n as_o lay_v taf_n tawy_n neth_n afan_n ogwr_n and_o lhychwr_n it_o have_v on_o the_o south_n the_o sea_n of_o severn_n which_o divide_v it_o from_o devon-shire_n and_o cornwall_n upon_o the_o west_n and_o north-west_n caermardhyn-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n east_n brecknockshire_n and_o upon_o the_o east_n monmouth-shire_n of_o this_o you_o shall_v read_v very_o little_a for_o one_o jestyn_n be_v chief_a of_o the_o country_n and_o have_v war_n with_o his_o neighbour_n call_v one_o robert_n fitzhamâ—â—_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o stranger_n to_o his_o succour_n which_o after_o they_o have_v achieve_v the_o enterprise_n like_v so_o well_o the_o country_n that_o they_o find_v occasion_n to_o falâ—_n out_o with_o jestyn_n and_o inhabit_v the_o country_n themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n to_o this_o day_n the_o five_o part_n be_v call_v gwent_n and_o now_o in_o monmouth_n shire_n which_o have_v three_o cantred_n and_o ten_o comot_n as_o cantref_n ggo_v which_o have_v these_o comot_n y_o mynyth_n iscoed_n lhefnydh_n and_o tref_o y_o grug_n cantref_o iscoed_n these_o brynbuga_n vwchcoed_n y_fw-fr teirtref_n and_o erge_v ac_fw-la ewyas_fw-la now_o in_o hereford-shire_n cantref_o côch_n be_v the_o seven_o cantre_v of_o morganwc_n which_o be_v now_o in_o gloucestershire_n and_o be_v call_v the_o forest_n of_o dean_n in_o this_o part_n be_v the_o ancient_a city_n of_o caerlheon_n upoâ—_n vsk_n where_o be_v the_o archbishops_n see_v of_o wales_n here_o be_v also_o divers_a town_n and_o castle_n as_o chepstow_n glyâ—_n strigul_n rhos_n tyntern_n upon_o the_o river_n why_o there_o be_v also_o newport_n call_v y_o castelh_n newydh_n vysc_n call_v brynbuga_n grosmont_n raglan_n white-castle_n abergefenny_n and_o many_o other_o this_o be_v a_o fair_a and_o a_o fertile_a country_n oâ—_n which_o likewise_o the_o gentleman_n be_v never_o obedient_a to_o their_o prince_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o their_o own_o destruction_n it_o have_v on_o the_o west_n glamorgan_n and_o brecknock-shire_n upon_o the_o north_n hereford-shire_n upon_o â—â—e_z east_n gloucestershire_n with_o the_o river_n why_o and_o upon_o â—â—e_z south_n and_o southeast_n severn_n last_o of_o all_o come_v brecheinoc_n now_o brecknockshire_n brecheinoc_n brecheinoc_n â—hich_v have_v three_o cantred_n and_o eight_o comot_n as_o
let_v but_o that_o courage_n and_o those_o arm_n make_v we_o conqueror_n and_o we_o shall_v refuse_v no_o service_n you_o shall_v please_v to_o impose_v to_o this_o message_n the_o saxon_n return_v this_o short_a answer_n assure_v yourselves_o the_o saxon_n will_v be_v true_a friend_n to_o the_o britain_n and_o as_o such_o shall_v be_v always_o ready_a both_o to_o relieve_v their_o necessity_n and_o to_o advance_v their_o interest_n the_o saxon_n be_v thus_o happy_o court_v to_o what_o themselves_o have_v a_o thousand_o time_n wish_v for_o arrive_v soon_o after_o in_o britain_n in_o three_o galley_n call_v in_o their_o own_o language_n kiule_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o two_o brethren_n hengist_n and_o horsa_n be_v honourable_o receive_v by_o the_o king_n and_o affectionate_o treat_v by_o the_o people_n their_o faith_n be_v give_v of_o both_o side_n the_o saxon_n stipulate_v to_o defend_v the_o britain_n country_n and_o the_o britain_n to_o give_v the_o saxon_n a_o satisfactory_a reward_n for_o all_o the_o pain_n and_o danger_n they_o shall_v undergo_v upon_o their_o account_n at_o first_o the_o saxon_n show_v themselves_o very_o diligent_a in_o their_o employment_n and_o successful_o repel_v the_o scot_n and_o pict_n who_o be_v probable_o ignorant_a of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o fear_v no_o opposition_n bold_o advance_v to_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o country_n but_o when_o the_o saxon_n become_v better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o island_n and_o happy_o discover_v the_o weakness_n and_o inability_n of_o the_o britain_n under_o pretence_n that_o their_o pay_n be_v not_o answerable_a to_o their_o service_n and_o desert_n they_o quarrel_v with_o the_o britain_n and_o instead_o of_o support_v they_o according_a to_o oath_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o their_o enemy_n the_o scot_n moreover_o hengist_n perceive_v with_o who_o he_o have_v to_o do_v send_v over_o to_o acquaint_v his_o countryman_n with_o the_o beauty_n and_o fertility_n of_o the_o island_n the_o infirmity_n and_o effeminacy_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n invite_v they_o to_o be_v sharer_n of_o his_o future_a success_n and_o expectation_n to_o his_o invitation_n they_o ready_o comply_v and_o sail_v over_o in_o great_a number_n they_o think_v to_o take_v possession_n of_o that_o country_n which_o fortune_n promise_v shall_v be_v their_o own_o but_o they_o must_v fight_v for_o it_o first_o the_o britain_n be_v resolve_v to_o the_o last_o to_o defend_v themselves_o and_o their_o country_n against_o these_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o the_o saxon_n and_o if_o possible_a to_o drive_v they_o to_o their_o primitive_a habitation_n for_o when_o the_o britain_n become_v sensible_a of_o the_o undermine_a aim_n of_o the_o saxon_n how_o they_o secret_o endeavour_v the_o total_a extirpation_n of_o the_o british_a nation_n they_o present_o betake_v themselves_o to_o their_o sword_n and_o in_o a_o short_a time_n become_v signal_o famous_a for_o their_o valour_n and_o conduct_n this_o the_o saxon_n afterward_o grievous_o feel_v though_o the_o total_a recovery_n of_o britain_n prove_v impracticable_a for_o want_v of_o power_n the_o saxon_n have_v by_o massacre_n and_o other_o treacherous_a mean_n most_o unmerciful_o lessen_v the_o force_n and_o number_n of_o the_o britain_n king_n vortigern_n love_v his_o ease_n too_o well_o to_o observe_v their_o practice_n and_o beside_o become_v so_o foolish_o enamour_a with_o the_o daughter_n of_o hengist_n which_o purposely_o be_v lay_v to_o entrap_v he_o that_o the_o saxon_a upon_o the_o strength_n of_o their_o marriage_n begin_v to_o carve_v for_o himself_o and_o during_o vortigern_n reign_n lay_v so_o firm_a a_o foundation_n for_o the_o saxon_a conquest_n that_o the_o succeed_a british_a king_n though_o famous_o valiant_a can_v never_o undermine_v it_o this_o sottishness_n of_o his_o father_n young_a vortimer_n can_v not_o at_o length_n endure_v to_o see_v himself_o and_o his_o country_n so_o open_o and_o shameful_o impose_v upon_o by_o stranger_n and_o therefore_o he_o resolve_v to_o take_v the_o british_a government_n upon_o himself_o and_o to_o endeavour_v the_o universal_a expulsion_n of_o the_o saxon_n with_o he_o the_o british_a nobility_n willing_o join_v and_o after_o several_a famous_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n he_o be_v unhappy_o poison_v by_o a_o saxon_a lady_n after_o he_o the_o britain_n brave_o defend_v themselves_o against_o the_o prevail_a greatness_n of_o the_o saxon_n under_o these_o valiant_a prince_n aurelius_n ambrose_n uter_n pendragon_n arthur_n constantine_n ii_o aurelius_n conanus_fw-la vortiper_n and_o maelgon_n to_o he_o succeed_v careticus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n the_o saxon_n aspire_v to_o a_o total_a conquest_n of_o britain_n invite_v over_o one_o gurmundus_fw-la a_o norwegian_a pirate_n who_o have_v late_o signalise_v himself_o in_o ireland_n and_o obtain_v a_o conquest_n over_o that_o kingdom_n he_o they_o employ_v to_o march_v against_o careticus_fw-la who_o be_v overcome_v and_o vanquish_v by_o he_o the_o britain_n be_v force_v some_o to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o dee_n some_o to_o cornwall_n and_o the_o rest_n to_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n the_o british_a affair_n be_v now_o bring_v very_o low_a and_o their_o government_n reduce_v within_o a_o very_a narrow_a compass_n so_o that_o the_o title_n of_o the_o king_n of_o britain_n can_v be_v but_o superficial_o attribute_v to_o the_o succeed_a prince_n cadwan_n cadwallan_n and_o cadwallader_n cadwallader_n cadwallader_n surname_v bbendige_v or_o the_o bless_a be_v the_o last_o of_o british_a race_n that_o enjoy_v the_o title_n of_o king_n of_o britain_n after_o he_o the_o welsh_a who_o be_v the_o most_o numerous_a remain_v of_o the_o britain_n disdain_v to_o own_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o oppress_a saxon_n set_v up_o a_o new_a government_n among_o themselves_o and_o alter_v the_o style_n of_o british_a king_n to_o that_o of_o prince_n of_o wales_n but_o whilst_o cadwallader_n rule_v in_o britain_n a_o very_a severe_a famine_n attend_v with_o a_o rage_a pestilence_n which_o assure_o spring_v from_o the_o continue_a war_n which_o be_v so_o eager_o carry_v on_o betwixt_o the_o britain_n and_o saxon_n happen_v in_o the_o island_n which_o occasion_v a_o most_o lamentable_a mortality_n among_o his_o subject_n insomuch_o that_o he_o be_v compel_v together_o with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o nobility_n and_o other_o to_o retire_v for_o refuge_n to_o his_o cousin_n alan_n king_n of_o lhydaw_n or_o little_a britain_n in_o france_n there_o he_o be_v sure_a to_o meet_v with_o all_o civility_n suitable_a to_o his_o quality_n and_o condition_n as_o well_o because_o of_o his_o own_o near_a relation_n and_o consanguinity_n to_o alan_n as_o upon_o the_o account_n that_o their_o subject_n be_v original_o one_o and_o the_o same_o people_n for_o the_o britain_n of_o france_n about_o the_o year_n of_o christ_n 384._o go_v over_o out_o of_o this_o island_n under_o the_o command_n of_o conan_n lord_n of_o meriadoc_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o maximus_n the_o tyrant_n against_o the_o emperor_n gratianus_n for_o this_o service_n maximus_n grant_v to_o conan_n and_o his_o follower_n the_o country_n of_o armorica_n where_o the_o britain_n have_v drive_v out_o the_o former_a inhabitant_n seat_v themselves_o and_o erect_v a_o kingdom_n which_o last_v for_o many_o year_n under_o several_a king_n who_o name_n and_o succession_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o catalogue_n of_o the_o armorican_a king_n 1._o conan_n meriadoc_n 2._o gradlonus_fw-la 3._o solomon_n i._n 4._o auldranus_fw-la 5._o bâ—â—â—ous_a i._n 6._o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la magnus_fw-la 7._o howâ—lus_n ii_o 8._o alâ—mâ—_n i._n 9_o hoâ—â—lus_fw-la iii_o â—0_n cilâ—uâ—llus_n â—1_n solomon_n ii_o â—2_n alanâ—â—_n ii_o 13._o conobertus_fw-la 14._o budicus_n ii_o 15._o theodoricus_n 16._o rubalhonus_n 17._o daniel_n dremrost_n i._n e._n rubicunda_fw-la fancy_n 18._o aregstanus_fw-la 19_o maconus_n 20._o neomenius_n 21._o haruspogius_fw-la 22._o solomon_n iii_o alan_n ii_o then_o reign_v in_o little_a britain_n when_o cadâ—alader_n be_v force_v to_o forsake_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—nd_v to_o retire_v beyond_o the_o sea_n he_o be_v descend_v â—â—om_n ruâ—â—_n the_o son_n of_o mailgon_n gwyneth_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n by_o a_o daughter_n marry_v to_o howel_n the_o second_o king_n of_o little_a britain_n this_o kingdom_n remain_v â—â—rm_n till_o solomon_n iii_o who_o be_v treacherous_o slay_v â—y_a his_o own_o subject_n upon_o which_o unlucky_a accident_n â—he_v kingdom_n be_v convert_v to_o a_o earldom_n whereof_o â—ne_a alan_n be_v the_o first_o a_o valiant_a and_o warlike_a prince_n who_o stout_o resist_v the_o norman_n and_o frequent_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v they_o but_o after_o that_o cadwallader_n have_v continue_v some_o time_n with_o alan_n the_o plague_n be_v abate_v in_o britain_n he_o purpose_v to_o return_v and_o if_o possible_a to_o recover_v that_o â—art_n of_o his_o kingdom_n which_o the_o saxon_n be_v now_o in_o possession_n of_o he_o receive_v frequent_a intelligence_n of_o â—heir_a number_n and_o
he_o be_v â—â—le_a to_o draw_v together_o not_o doubt_v the_o conquest_n of_o â—â—me_n part_n of_o britain_n in_o case_n the_o whole_a shall_v prove_v recoverable_a he_o be_v the_o more_o encourage_v to_o this_o expedition_n by_o reason_n that_o the_o advantage_n be_v like_a to_o 〈◊〉_d his_o own_o and_o no_o one_o can_v challenge_v the_o government_n of_o britain_n in_o case_n fortune_n shall_v deliver_v it_o to_o â—â—s_o hand_n cadwallader_n be_v go_v to_o rome_n and_o in_o all_o probability_n never_o to_o return_v his_o son_n edwal_n ywrch_n or_o â—â—e_v roe_n be_v young_a and_o under_o the_o tuition_n of_o alan_n 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o event_n of_o this_o expedition_n must_v of_o necessity_n â—ll_o to_o himself_o or_o by_o his_o concession_n to_o his_o son_n ivor_n â—ho_fw-mi be_v to_o be_v chief_a in_o the_o undertake_n have_v rise_v a_o considerable_a army_n consist_v chief_o of_o his_o â—wn_a subject_n with_o what_o remain_v of_o the_o britainsâ—â—at_n â—â—at_z come_v over_o with_o king_n cadwaladar_n he_o dispatch_v 〈◊〉_d for_o britain_n under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o son_n ivor_n use_v his_o nephew_n ynyr_n they_o safe_o land_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o britain_n which_o put_v the_o saxon_n inâ—â—_n so_o great_a a_o fright_a that_o immediate_o they_o draw_v up_o â—â—l_v their_o power_n to_o oppose_v they_o and_o to_o hinder_v their_o progress_n into_o the_o country_n the_o britain_n though_o somewhat_o fatigue_v with_o their_o voyage_n however_o give_v â—hem_fw-mi battle_n and_o after_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n of_o the_o â—axons_n possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o cornwall_n devon_n and_o somersetshires_n this_o prove_v a_o fortunate_a beginning_n for_o the_o britain_n and_o give_v they_o â—reat_a hope_n of_o far_a success_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o country_n but_o that_o can_v not_o be_v expect_v without_o great_a opposition_n and_o several_a hot_a engagement_n wâ—â—â—_n the_o saxon_n this_o they_o be_v immediate_o make_v seâ—sible_a of_o for_o they_o have_v scarce_o time_n to_o breath_n and_o to_o â—â—cover_v their_o spirit_n after_o the_o last_o battle_n but_o kentwiâ—â—_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a march_v against_o they_o wiâ—â—_n a_o powerful_a army_n consist_v of_o saxon_n and_o anglâ—â—_n the_o britain_n resolve_v to_o fight_v they_o but_o whilst_o boâ—â—_n army_n be_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o they_o think_v more_o adviseable_a to_o cease_v from_o any_o hostility_n and_o 〈◊〉_d enter_v into_o article_n of_o composition_n ivor_n seem_v already_o satisfy_v with_o his_o conquest_n and_o willinâ—â—â—_n agree_v to_o marry_v ethelberga_n kentwyn_n cousin_n aâ—â—_n peaceable_o to_o enjoy_v for_o his_o life_n so_o much_o as_o he_o be_v already_o in_o possession_n of_o this_o he_o faithful_o observe_v â—â—ring_v the_o reign_n of_o kentwyn_n and_o his_o nephew_n cadâ—â—_n who_o after_o two_o year_n resign_v the_o kingdom_n of_o 〈◊〉_d westsaxons_a to_o his_o cousin_n ivor_n and_o now_o ivor_n wâ—â—â—_n become_v unexpected_o powerful_a be_v king_n as_o wâ—â—â—_n of_o the_o saxon_n as_o britain_n that_n inhabit_v the_o western_a part_n of_o the_o island_n he_o be_v now_o able_a to_o â—â—dertake_v somewhat_o considerable_a and_o therefore_o begâ—â—_n to_o fall_v foul_a upon_o his_o neighbour_n the_o king_n of_o kâ—â—â—_n the_o westsaxons_a and_o mercia_n who_o he_o vanquishâ—â—_n in_o several_a battle_n but_o be_v at_o length_n tire_v with_o tâ—â—_n weight_n of_o government_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o tâ—â—_n example_n of_o cadwallader_n and_o resign_v the_o rule_n of_o 〈◊〉_d saxon_n to_o his_o cousin_n adelred_n leave_v the_o britain_n 〈◊〉_d the_o care_n of_o roderick_n molwynoc_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywâ—â—_n this_o ivor_n found_v the_o abbey_n of_o glastenbury_n callâ—â—_n in_o the_o british_a tongue_n ynys_n avalon_n where_o there_o 〈◊〉_d be_v a_o christian_a church_n for_o several_a year_n before_o aâ—â—_n the_o first_o that_o be_v ever_o erect_v in_o britain_n for_o josâ—â—â—_n of_o arimathea_n be_v send_v by_o philip_n the_o apostle_n in_o tâ—â—_n day_n of_o arviragus_n an._n chr._n 53._o to_o preach_v the_o gosâ—â—â—_n in_o britain_n seat_v himself_o here_o and_o build_v a_o chuâ—â—â—_n for_o the_o british_a christian_n this_o church_n afterwards_o ivor_n convert_v into_o a_o abbey_n which_o he_o endowâ—â—_n with_o very_o large_a possession_n be_v famous_a for_o tâ—â—_n burying-place_n of_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n and_o kiâ—â—_n arthur_n he_o bestow_v also_o some_o land_n upon_o tâ—â—_n church_n of_o winchester_n but_o there_o happen_v several_a casualty_n in_o his_o time_n brythâ—_n a_o subject_a to_o egfride_n king_n of_o northumberland_n â—assed_v over_o to_o ireland_n and_o waste_v and_o destroy_v a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o kingdom_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o â—is_n reign_v their_o happen_v a_o remarkable_a earthquake_n â—n_o the_o isle_n of_o man_n which_o much_o disturb_a and_o annoy_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v it_o rain_v blood_n both_o in_o britain_n and_o in_o ireland_n this_o occasion_v the_o butter_n and_o milk_n to_o resemble_v the_o colour_n of_o blood_n â—nd_v two_o year_n after_o the_o moon_n also_o appear_v all_o bloody_a these_o accident_n of_o nature_n may_v probable_o presage_v â—ome_o tumult_n and_o disturbance_n in_o the_o kingdom_n which_o be_v very_o great_a in_o his_o time_n for_o he_o be_v almost_o in_o perpetual_a hostility_n with_o the_o king_n of_o kent_n west-sex_n and_o mercia_n which_o occasion_v great_a bloodshed_n and_o slaughter_n in_o britain_n his_o journey_n to_o romeâ—ut_v â—ut_z a_o end_n to_o all_o these_o commotion_n from_o whence_o he_o â—ever_o do_v return_v but_o end_v his_o day_n there_o in_o the_o practice_n of_o piety_n and_o religion_n roderick_n molwynoc_n the_o government_n of_o the_o britain_n ivor_n resign_v a.d._n 720_o to_o roderick_n molwinoc_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n ywrch_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n an._n 720._o but_o adelred_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a be_v displease_v that_o ivor_n have_v not_o bestow_v upon_o he_o his_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o trouble_v and_o plague_n roderick_n and_o his_o britain_n he_o raise_v immediate_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n march_v to_o devonshire_n which_o he_o destroy_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n from_o whence_o he_o proceed_v to_o cornwall_n intend_v to_o make_v that_o country_n sensible_a of_o the_o same_o misery_n but_o he_o come_v far_o short_a of_o his_o expectation_n for_o upon_o his_o entrance_n into_o the_o country_n the_o britain_n oppose_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n where_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n this_o victory_n the_o britain_n call_v gwaeth_n heilyn_n from_o thâ—_n a.d._n 721_o place_n where_o this_o battle_n be_v fight_v the_o year_n follow_v the_o britain_n again_o obtain_v two_o notable_a victory_n over_o the_o saxon_n the_o one_o at_o a_o place_n call_v gaâ—â—_n maclawch_v in_o north-wales_n the_o other_o at_o pencoct_v in_o south-wales_n but_o the_o joy_n and_o satisfaction_n which_o the_o brâ—tains_v entertain_v of_o these_o success_n be_v somewhâ—â—_n abate_v by_o the_o death_n of_o belin_n the_o son_n of_o elphin_n 〈◊〉_d man_n of_o noble_a birth_n and_o great_a worth_n among_o theâ—_n about_o the_o same_o time_n celredus_n king_n of_o mercia_n dieâ—_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o ethelbaldus_fw-la who_o be_v veâ—â—desirous_a to_o annex_v that_o fertile_a and_o pleasant_a countrâ—_n lie_v between_o the_o river_n severn_n and_o wye_n to_o hâ—â—_n kingdom_n of_o mercia_n enter_v wales_n with_o a_o puissant_a army_n he_o destroy_v and_o ravage_v the_o country_n bâ—fore_fw-mi he_o to_o carno_n a_o mountain_n lie_v not_o far_o froâ—_n abergavenny_n where_o he_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o â—_z between_o who_o a_o bloody_a and_o sore_a battle_n be_v fight_v in_o the_o year_n 728._o but_o the_o victory_n prove_v very_o dubitable_a a.d._n 733_o not_o long_o after_o die_v venerable_a bede_n who_o be_v educate_v and_o bring_v up_o in_o the_o abbey_n of_o wyrnetham_n 〈◊〉_d jarewe_n a_o man_n of_o great_a learning_n and_o extensiâ—â—_n knowledge_n who_o write_v several_a book_n one_o of_o whicâ—_n entitle_v the_o ecclesiastical_a history_n of_o the_o english_a nâ—tion_n he_o dedicate_v to_o cleolwolfe_n king_n of_o northumbeâ—land_n the_o same_o time_n adeir_v king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a and_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o mercia_n unite_v their_o foâ—ces_n and_o joint_o march_v to_o fight_v against_o the_o britaâ—â—â—_n the_o welsh_a be_v now_o put_v to_o very_o hard_a strait_n anâ—_n force_v to_o oppose_v the_o numerous_a army_n of_o two_o powerful_a king_n however_o fight_v they_o must_v or_o suffer_v thâ—â—_n country_n to_o be_v miserable_o overrun_v by_o their_o invetered_a enemy_n both_o army_n be_v engage_v a_o very_a dismal_a battle_n ensue_v thereupon_o and_o a_o very_a great_a slaughter_n happen_v on_o both_o side_n but_o the_o saxon_n prevail_v by_o the_o number_n of_o their_o
cadelh_n king_n of_o powis_n his_o father_n mother_n these_o three_o dominion_n roderic_n divide_v between_o hâ—â—_n three_o son_n appoint_v north-wales_n for_o his_o elder_a soâ—_n anarawd_n south-wales_n to_o cadelh_n who_o short_o after_o 〈◊〉_d father_n death_n forcible_o seize_v upon_o his_o brother_n mâ—â—fyn's_n portion_n upon_o who_o roderic_n have_v bestoweâ—_n powis-land_n wales_n be_v thus_o divide_v between_o the_o three_o prince_n they_o be_v call_v y_o tri_n tywysoc_n taâ—â—thioc_n or_o the_o three_o crown_a prince_n by_o reason_n thâ—â—_n each_o of_o they_o do_v wear_v on_o his_o helmet_n a_o coronet_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n be_v a_o broad_a head-band_n indent_a upwarâ—_n set_v and_o wrought_v with_o precious_a stone_n which_o in_o 〈◊〉_d british_a tongue_n be_v call_v talaeth_n to_o each_o of_o the_o prince_n roderic_n build_v a_o royal_a seat_n for_o the_o prinâ—â—_n of_o gwyneth_n or_o north-wales_n at_o aberffraw_n of_o souâ—â—wales_n at_o dinefawr_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o powis_n at_o mâ—thrafel_n roderic_n have_v issue_n also_o beside_o these_o threâ—_n roderic_n meyric_n edwal_n or_o tadwal_n gwyriad_n aâ—â—_n gathelic_n but_o roderic_n have_v divide_v his_o principality_n betwixt_o his_o elder_a son_n namely_o aberffraw_n with_o the_o fifteen_o cantred_n thereunto_o belong_v to_o anarawd_n dinefawr_n with_o its_o fifteen_o cantred_n extend_v from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dofi_n to_o the_o mouth_n of_o severn_n to_o cadelh_n and_o powis_n with_o fifteen_o cantred_n from_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o bridge_n over_o severn_n at_o gloucester_n to_o merfyn_n ordain_v that_o his_o elder_a son_n anarawd_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v continue_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n and_o the_o other_o two_o their_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v acknowledge_v his_o sovereignty_n and_o that_o upon_o any_o foreign_a invasion_n they_o shall_v mutual_o aid_v and_o protect_v one_o another_o and_o he_o far_o appoint_v that_o when_o any_o difference_n shall_v arise_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o cardigan_n or_o dynefawr_n the_o three_o prince_n shall_v meet_v at_o bwlch_n you_o pawl_v and_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n shall_v be_v umpire_n but_o if_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o powy_n fall_v at_o variance_n they_o shall_v meet_v at_o dôl_n rhianedd_n probable_o morva_n rhianedd_n on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n dee_fw-mi where_o the_o king_n of_o cardigan_n be_v to_o adjust_a the_o controversy_n and_o if_o the_o quarrel_v happen_v betwixt_o the_o prince_n of_o powy_n and_o cardigan_n the_o meeting_n be_v appoint_v at_o llys_n wen_n upon_o the_o river_n wye_n and_o to_o be_v decide_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n and_o the_o better_a to_o frustrate_v any_o attempt_n of_o the_o english_a he_o ordain_v moreover_o that_o all_o stronghold_n castle_n and_o citradel_n shall_v be_v fortify_v and_o keep_v in_o repair_n that_o all_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n shall_v be_v re-edify_v and_o adorn_v and_o that_o in_o all_o age_n the_o history_n of_o britain_n be_v faithful_o register_v and_o transcribe_v shall_v be_v keep_v therein_o anarawd_n the_o welsh_a have_v often_o sorrowful_o feel_v the_o unnatural_a effect_n of_o inward_a sedition_n and_o of_o be_v govern_v by_o several_a prince_n which_o be_v now_o unavoidable_o to_o be_v renew_v by_o reason_n of_o roderic_n imprudent_a division_n of_o his_o dominion_n between_o his_o three_o son_n for_o the_o several_a principality_n be_v unite_v in_o he_o it_o be_v certain_o the_o most_o politic_a mean_n for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o country_n from_o the_o inveterate_a fury_n of_o the_o english_a to_o compose_v the_o inward_a difference_n which_o will_v otherwise_o happen_v by_o perpetuate_a the_o whole_a government_n of_o wales_n in_o one_o prince_n for_o it_o be_v impossible_a effectual_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n by_o separate_a army_n and_o where_o a_o different_a interest_n interfere_v as_o if_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o same_o country_n and_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o same_o prince_n be_v unanimous_o regard_v this_o be_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o the_o ancient_a britain_n when_v the_o roman_n invade_v their_o country_n domestic_a broil_n and_o inward_a dissension_n be_v sownâ—_n among_o themselves_o they_o can_v not_o agree_v to_o unite_v their_o power_n and_o joint_o to_o oppose_v the_o common_a enemy_n so_o that_o tacitus_n wise_o conclude_v dum_fw-la singuâ—â—_fw-la pugnant_fw-la universi_fw-la vincuntur_fw-la there_o be_v few_o â—_z but_o have_v experience_v the_o folly_n of_o be_v rend_v into_o several_a portion_n and_o the_o downfall_n of_o that_o greaâ—_n body_n the_o roman_a empire_n may_v not_o be_v absurd_o attribute_v to_o constantine_n divide_v of_o it_o between_o hiâ—_n son_n but_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n present_o feel_v the_o unhappiness_n of_o it_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v dissatisfy_v with_o his_o portion_n and_o desirous_a to_o feed_v his_o ambition_n with_o large_a territory_n can_v not_o spare_v his_o brother_n merfyn_n country_n but_o must_v needs_o forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o his_o lawful_a inheritance_n and_o so_o involve_v the_o welsh_a in_o a_o civil_a war._n but_o the_o succession_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n proceed_v in_o anarawd_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o roderic_n who_o begin_v his_o reign_n over_o north-wales_n in_o the_o year_n 877._o a.d._n 877_o at_o that_o time_n rollo_n with_o a_o numerous_a army_n of_o norman_n descend_v into_o france_n and_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o country_n of_o neustria_n which_o from_o they_o have_v since_o receive_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n but_o the_o treacherous_a dane_n in_o england_n who_o have_v retire_v to_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n quick_o violate_v the_o capitulation_n which_o they_o have_v late_o swear_v to_o observe_v and_o upon_o that_o account_n be_v so_o warm_o pursue_v by_o king_n alfred_n that_o they_o glad_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o article_n former_o agree_v upon_o between_o they_o but_o it_o be_v not_o their_o intention_n to_o keep_v they_o long_o for_o the_o next_o year_n they_o again_o break_v lose_v possess_v themselves_o of_o all_o the_o country_n upon_o the_o north-side_n of_o thames_n and_o pass_v the_o river_n put_v the_o english_a to_o flight_n and_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o chippenham_n in_o west-sax_n but_o their_o whole_a army_n do_v not_o succeed_v so_o well_o for_o alfred_n meet_v with_o a_o party_n of_o they_o slay_v their_o captain_n and_o take_v their_o standard_n which_o the_o dane_n call_v raven_n after_o this_o he_o vanquish_v they_o again_o at_o edendown_n where_o after_o that_o the_o dane_n have_v give_v hostage_n for_o their_o peaceable_a behaviour_n godrun_v their_o commander_n receive_v the_o christian_a faith_n and_o so_o reign_v in_o east-angle_n but_o this_o opportunity_n seem_v to_o threaten_v a_o great_a storm_n upon_o wales_n for_o beside_o the_o death_n of_o aedan_n the_o son_n of_o a.d._n 878_o melht_n a_o nobleman_n of_o the_o country_n the_o article_n of_o composition_n between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o dane_n occasion_v these_o last_o to_o join_v their_o power_n with_o the_o people_n of_o mercia_n to_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a between_o who_o a_o severe_a battle_n be_v fight_v at_o conwey_n wherein_o the_o welsh_a obtain_v a_o very_a signal_n victory_n which_o be_v call_v dial_n rodri_n or_o the_o revenge_n of_o the_o death_n of_o prince_n roderic_n the_o reason_n why_o the_o mercian_n be_v so_o irreconcilable_o enrage_v against_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n be_v this_o after_o the_o death_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a the_o northern_a britain_n of_o stratelwyd_n and_o cumberland_n be_v mighty_o infest_a and_o weaken_a through_o the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o dane_n saxon_n and_o scot_n insomuch_o that_o as_o many_o of_o they_o as_o will_v not_o submit_v their_o neck_n to_o the_o yoke_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v their_o country_n and_o to_o seek_v for_o more_o quiet_a habitation_n therefore_o towards_o the_o beginning_n of_o anarawd_n reign_n several_a of_o they_o come_v to_o gwyneth_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o one_o hoberet_fw-la who_o distress_a condition_n the_o prince_n commiserate_v grant_v they_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o chester_n and_o conwey_n to_o seat_n themselves_o in_o in_o case_n they_o can_v drive_v out_o the_o saxon_n who_o have_v late_o possess_v themselves_o of_o it_o the_o britain_n have_v return_v their_o thanks_o to_o anarawd_n present_o fall_v to_o work_v and_o necessity_n give_v edge_n to_o their_o valour_n they_o easy_o dispossess_v the_o saxon_n who_o be_v not_o as_o yet_o warm_a in_o their_o seat_n for_o some_o time_n they_o continue_v peaceable_o in_o this_o part_n of_o wales_n but_o eadred_a duke_n of_o mercia_n call_v by_o the_o welsh_a edryd_n wallthîr_n not_o be_v able_a any_o long_o to_o bear_v such_o a_o ignominious_a ejection_n make_v great_a preparation_n
and_o spoil_v the_o sea-coast_n thereof_o and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o buellt_n but_o the_o dane_n at_o budington_n be_v inform_v that_o king_n alfred_n march_v against_o they_o flee_v back_o to_o their_o castle_n in_o essex_n so_o that_o the_o king_n be_v fain_o to_o alâ—er_v his_o march_n and_o to_o convert_v his_o force_n against_o leyâ—ester_n where_o a_o party_n of_o dane_n be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v reduce_v to_o that_o extremity_n as_o to_o feed_v upon_o their_o horse_n but_o the_o season_n â—f_n the_o year_n for_o action_n be_v end_v and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o wether_n be_v advance_v alfred_n 〈◊〉_d force_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o wait_v the_o next_o opportunity_n a.d._n 895_o for_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o town_n but_o before_o 〈◊〉_d can_v appear_v before_o it_o again_o the_o dane_n fair_o quittâ—â—_n it_o and_o together_o with_o those_o in_o northumberland_n passâ—â—_n by_o the_o north-sea_n to_o meresige_v a_o isle_n in_o essex_n thâ—_n a.d._n 896_o next_o year_n they_o enter_v the_o thames_n and_o build_v a_o caâ—â—â—â—_n twenty_o mile_n distant_a from_o london_n upon_o the_o strengâ—â—_n of_o which_o they_o venture_v to_o spoil_v and_o waste_v the_o coâ—â—trey_n thereabouts_o but_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o their_o courage_n be_v accidental_o meet_v with_o they_o receive_v 〈◊〉_d bloody_a overthrow_n have_v four_o of_o their_o prince_n slâ—â—_n upon_o the_o spot_n and_o the_o rest_n very_o glad_a to_o make_v their_o â—scape_n to_o the_o castle_n upon_o this_o alfred_n divide_v the_o riâ—â—â—_n into_o three_o stream_n by_o which_o stratagem_n the_o waâ—_n become_v so_o diminish_v in_o the_o thames_n that_o the_o danâ—â—â—_n ship_n can_v not_o return_v back_o into_o the_o sea_n when_o tâ—â—_n danes_n perceive_v this_o and_o find_v it_o impracticable_a 〈◊〉_d they_o to_o escape_v in_o their_o ship_n they_o leave_v their_o wiâ—â—â—_n and_o child_n and_o all_o their_o effect_n in_o essex_n and_o 〈◊〉_d pass_v by_o land_n to_o enadbryge_n upon_o the_o severn_n aâ—â—_n then_o pass_v the_o river_n spoil_v the_o country_n 〈◊〉_d brecknock_n gwentland_n and_o gwentlhwg_n some_o of_o the_o at_o the_o same_o time_n pass_v over_o to_o france_n and_o another_o company_n coast_v about_o devonshire_n destroy_v tâ—â—_n maritime_a country_n but_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o english_a a.d._n 897_o lose_v six_o of_o their_o ship_n in_o the_o dispute_n tâ—â—_n follow_v summer_n the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n suffer_v extreme_o by_o locust_n who_o consume_v all_o the_o corn_n aâ—â—_n the_o grass_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n but_o be_v 〈◊〉_d length_n by_o continue_a prayer_n and_o fast_v quite_o destroy_v these_o be_v common_a in_o africa_n and_o other_o hot_a râ—gions_n but_o seldom_o see_v in_o cold_a climate_n and_o whâ—â—_n they_o happen_v to_o travel_v so_o far_o they_o be_v always_o veâ—â—_n pestilentious_a and_o destructive_a to_o that_o country_n thâ—â—_n come_v to_o a.d._n 900_o this_o year_n igmond_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o danâ—â—_n land_v in_o anglesey_n and_o be_v meet_v with_o by_o the_o welâ—â—_n at_o a_o place_n call_v molerain_n where_o merfyn_n be_v slaiâ—_n though_o other_o call_v it_o meilon_n and_o from_o the_o batâ—â—â—_n fight_v there_o maes_n rhô_v meilon_n the_o same_o yeâ—â—_n king_n alfred_n die_v who_o translate_v the_o ancient_a law_n 〈◊〉_d â—yfnwall_n moelmut_n king_n of_o britain_n and_o the_o law_n 〈◊〉_d queen_n marsia_n out_o of_o british_a into_o english_a and_o â—â—â—â—d_v it_o marsian_a law_n which_o be_v afterward_o call_v â—â—â—st_n saxon_n law_n and_o observe_v in_o part_n of_o mercia_n â—â—â—h_v all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o south_n of_o thames_n the_o â—â—â—er_a part_n of_o the_o country_n have_v another_o law_n call_v â—â—â—e_a lex_n both_o which_o remain_v to_o the_o time_n of_o â—â—â—ard_a the_o confessor_n who_o of_o these_o two_o make_v one_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v very_o observable_a what_o be_v relate_v of_o king_n â—â—â—â—ed_v concern_v his_o division_n of_o the_o natural_a day_n inâ—â—â—hree_a part_n the_o one_o he_o set_v apart_o for_o devotion_n and_o â—â—â—â—dy_n the_o next_o for_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o the_o three_o for_o his_o own_o rest_n and_o refreshment_n alfr_v be_v dead_a edward_n his_o elder_a son_n take_v upâ—â—â—im_v the_o crown_n which_o so_o displease_v the_o ambitious_a â—â—â—it_n of_o his_o brother_n adelwulph_n that_o present_o he_o raisâ—â—_n a_o cruel_a war_n against_o he_o and_o fly_v to_o northumâ—â—â—â—and_n stir_v up_o the_o dane_n against_o his_o brother_n â—â—â—ard_n the_o dane_n be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n â—â—â—ing_v now_o a_o fair_a pretence_n to_o render_v themselves_o â—â—sters_v of_o the_o whole_a island_n and_o therefore_o adelâ—â—ph_n be_v make_v king_n as_o well_o of_o the_o angle_n as_o of_o the_o â—â—â—es_n who_o by_o this_o time_n be_v grow_v to_o be_v one_o peoâ—â—â—_n march_v then_o proud_o with_o a_o very_a considerable_a â—â—â—y_v at_o his_o heel_n he_o subdue_v the_o east_n saxon_n spoilâ—â—_n the_o country_n of_o mercia_n and_o pass_v over_o the_o thames_n â—rickland_n destroy_v brythend_n and_o return_v home_n â—â—â—h_v very_o great_a booty_n at_o the_o same_o time_n eun_v 〈◊〉_d slay_v in_o arwystly_a but_o edward_n be_v inform_v of_o brother_n retreat_n pursue_v he_o very_o eager_o but_o â—â—â—sing_v of_o he_o overran_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o counâ—â—â—_n betwixt_o ouse_n and_o the_o dike_n of_o s._n edmund_n and_o a_o return_v home_o with_o his_o whole_a army_n save_v the_o â—â—â—tish_a man_n who_o be_v too_o greedy_a of_o plunder_n rashâ—â—â—arried_v behind_o for_o the_o dane_n perceive_v the_o boâ—â—_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v return_v and_o that_o a_o small_a â—â—â—y_v still_o continue_v to_o ravage_v the_o country_n presentiment_o upon_o they_o slay_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o rest_n to_o a_o shameful_a flight_n nor_o be_v the_o dane_n only_o powerful_a in_o england_n but_o molest_v anâ—_n a.d._n 905_o grow_v prevalent_a in_o ireland_n for_o this_o year_n they_o entâ—â—â—â—_n that_o kingdom_n slay_v carmot_n king_n and_o bishop_n of_o 〈◊〉_d ireland_n a_o religious_a and_o a_o virtuous_a person_n the_o son_n 〈◊〉_d cukeman_n and_o kyrnalt_a son_n of_o murgan_n king_n of_o lâ—gines_n a.d._n 906_o the_o year_n after_o die_v asser_n archbishop_n of_o s._n dâ—vids_n uncle_n to_o the_o famous_a and_o learned_a asser_n surname_v menevensis_n who_o be_v chancellor_n to_o his_o uncâ—â—_n the_o archbishop_n be_v send_v for_o by_o king_n alfred_n to_o instruct_v his_o child_n who_o life_n he_o afterward_o wroâ—â—_n and_o be_v make_v bishop_n of_o shireburn_n edward_n to_o force_v his_o brother_n from_o his_o countrâ—_n and_o to_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o the_o kentishman_n dispatch_v a_o army_n to_o northumberland_n which_o have_v spoil_v the_o country_n return_v home_o upon_o whiâ—â—_n the_o dane_n to_o return_v their_o kindness_n destroy_v a_o greâ—â—_n part_n of_o mercia_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o edwâ—â—â—_n have_v raise_v a_o very_a considerable_a army_n give_v tâ—â—_n dane_n battle_n overthrow_v they_o and_o slay_v their_o kinâ—â—_n alden_n and_o edelwulph_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o noble_n this_o add_v very_o much_o to_o his_o dominionâ—_n which_o be_v the_o more_o increase_v and_o strengthen_v 〈◊〉_d the_o addition_n of_o the_o city_n of_o london_n and_o oxford_n which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o edelred_n duke_n of_o merâ—â—â—_n edward_n seize_v into_o his_o own_o hand_n permit_v 〈◊〉_d wife_n elfleda_n to_o enjoy_v the_o rest_n of_o his_o dukedom_n a.d._n 907_o short_o after_o cadelh_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n diâ—â—_n leave_v behind_o he_o three_o son_n howel_n dha_n or_o tâ—â—_n good_a who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o kingdom_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n meyric_n and_o clydawe_n king_n edwardâ—â—ving_v â—â—ving_z obtain_v so_o signal_n a_o victory_n over_o the_o dane_n aâ—â—_n render_v his_o kingdom_n for_o some_o time_n quiet_a begin_v 〈◊〉_d build_v place_n of_o strength_n which_o may_v be_v serviceabâ—â—_n against_o a_o future_a storm_n he_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o hartforâ—_n betwixt_o the_o river_n benefic_n minier_n and_o lige_n anâ—_n also_o erect_v the_o burrow_n of_o wytham_n in_o essex_n anâ—_n continue_v sometime_o in_o wealdyne_n to_o keep_v those_o â—_z in_o awe_n but_o in_o spite_n of_o all_o this_o precaution_n thâ—_n danes_n of_o leycester_n and_o hampton_n begin_v the_o follow_a year_n to_o be_v very_o troublesome_a slay_v a_o great_a number_n 〈◊〉_d english_a at_o hotchnorton_n and_o in_o their_o return_n homâ—_n â—ard_n destroy_v the_o country_n of_o oxford_n about_o the_o â—â—me_n time_n a_o considerable_a fleet_n from_o tydwike_n under_z â—â—e_z command_n of_o uther_n and_o rahald_v sail_v by_o the_o weâ—â—ern_a sea_n to_o wales_n and_o destroy_v s._n david_n where_o â—as_v fight_v the_o battle_n of_o dinarth_n and_o mayloc_n the_o â—on_n of_o peredur_n gam_n be_v slay_v after_o this_o they_o enâ—â—â—ed_v a.d._n 911_o into_o herefordshire_n where_o they_o be_v
fight_v withâ—â—_n and_o rahald_v be_v slay_v and_o the_o rest_n compel_v to_o â—â—swear_v the_o king_n land_n and_o never_o to_o return_v any_o â—ore_o to_o england_n king_n edward_n to_o prevent_v any_o fuâ—â—re_a disturbance_n from_o such_o open_a invader_n cause_v a_o â—â—rong_a army_n to_o be_v quarter_v upon_o the_o south_n side_n of_o â—â—vern_n but_o the_o dane_n for_o all_o he_o can_v do_v enter_v â—â—vice_n into_o his_o country_n once_o at_o werd_n and_o then_o at_o â—ortogan_n but_o be_v both_o time_n overthrow_v by_o the_o â—nglish_fw-fr from_o thence_o they_o depart_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o â—â—epen_v whence_o they_o be_v force_v by_o hunger_n to_o sail_v to_o â—outh_n wales_n intend_v to_o make_v a_o considerable_a prey_n of_o â—hat_n country_n but_o fail_v of_o their_o aim_n they_o be_v constrain_v to_o make_v the_o best_a of_o their_o way_n for_o ireland_n but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o party_n of_o dane_n fight_v a_o very_a â—evere_a battle_n with_o the_o kentish-man_n at_o holm_n but_o which_o of_o they_o obtain_v the_o victory_n be_v not_o certain_o â—eported_v about_o the_o same_o time_n anarawd_n prince_n of_o a.d._n 913_o north_n wales_n died_z leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n foel_n and_o elis_n and_o some_o say_v a_o three_o name_v meyric_n edwal_n foel_n after_o the_o death_n of_o anarawd_n his_o elder_a son_n edwal_n foel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n howel_n dha_n hold_v the_o principality_n of_o southwales_n and_o powis_n at_o what_o time_n a_o terrible_a comet_n appear_v in_o the_o heaven_n the_o same_o year_n the_o city_n of_o chester_n which_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o dane_n be_v by_o the_o procurement_n of_o elfleda_n new_o build_v and_o repair_v as_o the_o ancient_a record_n of_o that_o city_n do_v â—â—stifie_v this_o in_o the_o ancient_a copy_n be_v call_v leycestâ—â—_n by_o a_o easy_a mistake_n for_o legecestria_fw-la or_o chester_n callâ—â—_n by_o the_o roman_n legionum_fw-la cestria_fw-la the_o next_o summer_n the_o man_n of_o dublin_n cruel_o destroy_v the_o isle_n 〈◊〉_d anglesey_n and_o soon_o after_o clydawe_n the_o son_n of_o caâ—â—â—_n be_v unnatural_o slay_v by_o his_o brother_n meyric_n about_o tâ—â—_n same_o time_n that_o the_o dane_n receive_v a_o cruel_a overthroâ—â—_n by_o the_o english_a at_o tottenhale_n but_o elfleda_n do_v 〈◊〉_d long_o survive_v the_o rebuild_n of_o the_o city_n of_o chester_n a_o woman_n of_o singular_a virtue_n and_o one_o that_o greaâ—â—â—_n strengthen_v the_o kingdom_n of_o mercia_n by_o build_v of_o town_n and_o castle_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o tâ—â—_n danes_n as_o strengat_fw-la and_o bruge_n by_o the_o forest_n 〈◊〉_d morph_n tamworth_n stafford_n edelburgh_n cherenburgâ—_n wadeburgh_n and_o runcofe_n after_o this_o she_o enter_v wâ—â—_n her_o whole_a army_n into_o wales_n wan_a brecknock_n 〈◊〉_d take_v the_o queen_n with_o 33_o of_o her_o man_n prisoner_n which_v in_o welch_n be_v call_v gwaith_n y_o ddinas_fw-la newydh_n 〈◊〉_d the_o battle_n of_o the_o new_a city_n from_o hence_o she_o march_v for_o derby_n which_o she_o take_v from_o the_o dane_n losâ—_n only_o four_o of_o her_o chief_a commander_n in_o the_o action_n the_o occasion_n of_o these_o two_o expedition_n according_a 〈◊〉_d some_o be_v this_o huganus_n lord_n of_o west_n wales_n perceive_v king_n edward_n to_o be_v unavoidable_o busy_a in_o thâ—_n danish_n war_n gather_v a_o army_n of_o britain_n and_o â—â—tring_v into_o england_n destroy_v the_o king_n countâ—â—_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o this_o elfleda_n come_v to_o wales_n witâ—_n a_o great_a army_n fight_v with_o the_o welsh_a at_o breek_n and_o put_v huganus_n to_o flight_n take_v his_o wife_n anâ—_n some_o of_o his_o man_n prisoner_n who_o she_o carry_v wiâ—â—_n she_o to_o mercia_n huganus_n be_v thus_o defeat_v flee_v 〈◊〉_d derby_n and_o be_v there_o kind_o receive_v join_v himself_o with_o the_o king_n enemy_n the_o dane_n elfleda_n be_v certify_v of_o that_o follow_v he_o with_o her_o army_n but_o in_o storm_v the_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n have_v four_o 〈◊〉_d her_o best_a officer_n kill_v by_o huganus_n but_o gwyane_a loâ—_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n her_o steward_n set_v fire_n to_o thâ—_n gate_n furious_o run_v upon_o the_o britain_n and_o entereâ—_n the_o town_n upon_o which_o haganus_n perceive_v himself_o to_o be_v overmatched_a choose_v rather_o to_o fall_v by_o the_o sword_n â—â—an_z cowardly_a to_o yield_v himself_o to_o a_o woman_n the_o â—ext_a year_n elfleda_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o city_n of_o leicester_n which_o be_v quick_o surrender_v and_o the_o dane_n thereâ—â—_n perfect_o subdue_v the_o fame_n of_o these_o several_a action_n be_v noise_v abroad_o her_o neighbour_n become_v somewhat_o fearful_a and_o timorous_a and_o the_o yorkshireâ—â—n_n voluntary_o do_v her_o homage_n and_o proffer_v their_o service_n she_o die_v at_o tamworth_n after_o eight_o year_n â—ule_a over_o mercia_n and_o lie_v bury_v at_o gloucester_n by_o s._n peter_n after_o the_o death_n of_o elfleda_n king_n edward_n most_o ungrateful_o disinherit_v her_o daughter_n alfwyen_v and_o entere_v into_o mercia_n seize_v all_o the_o land_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n upon_o pretence_n that_o she_o without_o his_o knowledge_n who_o her_o mother_n have_v appoint_v her_o guardian_n have_v privy_o promise_v and_o contract_a marriage_n with_o reynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o this_o unâ—ust_n and_o unnatural_a action_n of_o king_n edward_n may_v possible_o bring_v upon_o he_o those_o vehement_a trouble_n which_o present_o ensue_v upon_o it_o for_o leofr_v a_o dane_n â—nd_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n brother_n in_o law_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o west_n wales_n come_v from_o ireland_n with_o a_o great_a army_n to_o snowdon_n and_o mind_v to_o bring_v all_o wales_n and_o the_o march_n thereof_o to_o their_o subjection_n overran_a and_o subdue_v all_o the_o country_n to_o chester_n before_o king_n edward_n be_v certify_v of_o their_o arrival_n whereat_o be_v sore_o offend_v and_o loath_a to_o trouble_v his_o subject_n for_o help_n vow_v that_o himself_o and_o his_o son_n with_o their_o single_a force_n will_v be_v revenge_v upon_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n and_o thereupon_o march_v to_o chester_n force_v the_o city_n from_o they_o then_o he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o too_o battle_n whereof_o he_o and_o his_o son_n ethelstan_n lead_v the_o first_o edmund_z and_o edred_n the_o second_o and_o follow_v they_o so_o close_o that_o he_o overtake_v they_o at_o the_o forest_n of_o walewode_n now_o sherwode_n where_o leofred_n and_o gruffydh_n set_v upon_o they_o so_o fierce_o that_o the_o king_n at_o first_o be_v in_o some_o danger_n until_o athelstane_n step_v in_o and_o wound_v the_o dane_n in_o the_o arm_n in_o that_o manner_n that_o be_v no_o long_o able_a to_o hold_v his_o spear_n the_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o atholstâ—ne_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n edmund_n and_o edred_n encounter_v with_o gruffydh_n slay_v he_o and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o their_o father_n and_o leofreds_n head_n be_v likewise_o cut_v off_o they_o be_v both_o set_v up_o upon_o the_o town_n of_o chester_n and_o than_o edward_n together_o with_o his_o son_n victorious_o return_v home_o but_o king_n edward_n have_v a.d._n 924_o build_v glademutham_n soon_o after_o this_o die_v at_o farandon_n and_o his_o son_n alfred_n the_o same_o time_n at_o oxford_n and_o be_v both_o bury_v at_o winchester_n edward_n be_v dead_a his_o base_a son_n athelstane_n for_o many_o excellent_a virtue_n appear_v in_o he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o worthy_a prince_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n that_o ever_o reign_v he_o overcome_v cudfryd_n the_o father_n of_o raynald_n king_n of_o the_o dane_n at_o york_n and_o be_v invade_v by_o hawlaf_n king_n of_o ireland_n who_o with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o the_o scot_n and_o dane_n march_v against_o he_o give_v he_o battle_n at_o brimestbury_n and_o obtain_v a_o very_a notorious_a victory_n king_n hawlaf_n together_o with_o the_o king_n of_o the_o scot_n five_o king_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o norman_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n so_o that_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n become_v subject_a to_o he_o which_o none_o of_o his_o predecessor_n a.d._n 933_o ever_o attempt_v sometime_o after_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_n be_v slay_v by_o the_o man_n of_o cardigan_n and_o then_o athelstane_n enter_v with_o his_o army_n into_o wales_n force_v the_o prince_n thereof_o to_o pay_v a_o yearly_a tribute_n of_o 20_o l._n in_o gold_n 300_o l._n in_o silver_n and_o 200_o head_n of_o cattle_n which_o notwithstanding_o be_v not_o observe_v as_o appear_v by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n wherein_o it_o be_v appoint_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o aberffraw_n shall_v pay_v no_o more_o to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n than_o 66_o l._n tribute_n and_o that_o the_o prince_n of_o dinefawr_n and_o powis_n shall_v
inhuman_o put_v out_o the_o dane_n also_o who_o have_v late_o make_v their_o incursion_n into_o south-wales_n begin_v now_o to_o molest_v the_o english_a and_o have_v land_v in_o the_o west_n pass_v through_o thâ—_n county_n of_o somerset_n dorset_z hamp-shire_n and_o sussex_n destroy_v and_o burn_v all_o before_o they_o have_v advance_v without_o any_o opposition_n as_o far_o as_o the_o river_n medway_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o rochester_n which_o the_o kentish-man_n endeavour_v to_o preserve_v assemble_v themselves_o together_o and_o give_v the_o dane_n battle_n bâ—â—_n be_v vanquish_v in_o the_o undertake_n king_n edelâ—â—_n be_v then_o in_o cumberland_n where_o the_o dane_n be_v more_o numerous_o plant_v which_o country_n he_o keep_v quieâ—_n and_o in_o subjection_n but_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n another_o army_n of_o dane_n land_v in_o the_o west_n against_o whoâ—_n the_o country_n people_n of_o somersetshire_n assemble_v themselves_o show_v their_o readiness_n to_o attack_v they_o buâ—_n want_v a_o head_n to_o direct_v they_o be_v easy_o put_v 〈◊〉_d their_o heel_n and_o the_o dane_n rule_v and_o command_v the_o country_n at_o their_o pleasure_n the_o king_n be_v sore_o vex_v at_o the_o insolence_n and_o restless_a depredation_n of_o the_o dane_n think_v convenient_a to_o strengthen_v himself_o by_o some_o powerful_a affinity_n and_o to_o that_o end_n sendâ—_n ambassador_n to_o richard_n duke_n of_o normandy_n desire_v his_o daughter_n emma_n in_o marriage_n and_o succour_n to_o â—epel_v the_o danish_a incursion_n here_o it_o be_v observable_a â—hat_n as_o the_o saxon_n be_v former_o call_v over_o as_o friend_n and_o ally_n to_o the_o well-meaning_a britain_n violent_o and_o wrongful_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o now_o the_o norman_n be_v invite_v to_o aid_v the_o english_a against_o the_o dane_n â—ook_v so_o good_a a_o like_n to_o the_o country_n that_o they_o never_o give_v over_o their_o design_n of_o gain_v it_o till_o at_o â—ast_n they_o become_v conqueror_n of_o the_o whole_a island_n the_o mischief_n of_o call_v in_o the_o norman_n though_o foretell_v to_o king_n adelred_n he_o be_v so_o far_o concern_v about_o the_o present_a calamity_n receive_v by_o the_o dane_n that_o he_o be_v deaf_a to_o all_o futurity_n how_o dangerous_a and_o mischievous_a soever_o they_o may_v prove_v and_o therefore_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o hope_n of_o increase_n of_o strength_n by_o this_o new_a affinity_n he_o send_v private_a letter_n to_o all_o city_n and_o town_n throughout_o his_o dominion_n where_o the_o dane_n be_v quarter_v require_v they_o all_o upon_o st._n brice_n night_n to_o massacre_v the_o dane_n which_o be_v according_o perform_v with_o much_o unanimity_n and_o secrecy_n this_o cruel_a disaster_n be_v so_o far_o from_o discourage_v the_o dane_n that_o they_o now_o begin_v to_o vow_v the_o eradication_n of_o the_o english_a nation_n and_o to_o revenge_v that_o unmanly_a massacre_n of_o their_o countryman_n to_o which_o end_n they_o land_v in_o devon-shire_n and_o overrun_v the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n spare_v nothing_o that_o have_v the_o least_o spark_n of_o life_n in_o it_o the_o city_n of_o exeter_n they_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o slay_v hugh_n the_o norman_a who_o the_o queen_n have_v recommend_v to_o the_o government_n of_o it_o to_o prevent_v their_o further_a incursion_n almarus_n earl_n of_o devon_n gather_v a_o great_a army_n out_o of_o hamp-shire_n and_o wilt-shire_n and_o the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o march_v with_o a_o resolution_n stout_o to_o oppose_v the_o dane_n who_o put_v almarus_n to_o flight_n and_o pursue_v he_o to_o wilton_n and_o salisbury_n which_o be_v ransack_v and_o plunder_v they_o carry_v the_o pillage_n thereof_o triumphant_o to_o their_o ship_n a.d._n 1004_o the_o next_o year_n swain_n a_o prince_n of_o great_a repute_n in_o denmark_n land_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o norfolk_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o norwich_n and_o waste_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o but_o wolfkettel_n duke_n of_o that_o country_n be_v too_o weak_a to_o oppose_v he_o think_v it_o most_o convenient_a to_o make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o dane_n which_o be_v quick_o break_v and_o then_o swain_n march_v private_o to_o therford_n which_o after_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o ransack_v he_o return_v with_o his_o prey_n to_o his_o ship_n wolfkettel_n hear_v this_o private_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n and_o stout_o march_v against_o the_o enemy_n but_o be_v far_o inferior_a in_o number_n the_o dane_n get_v the_o day_n and_o afterward_o sail_v to_o their_o own_o country_n within_o two_o year_n after_o the_o dane_n return_v again_o bring_v with_o they_o their_o usual_a companion_n the_o fire_n the_o sword_n and_o the_o spoil_n and_o land_v at_o sandwich_n which_o after_o they_o have_v burn_v and_o pillage_v they_o sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o they_o take_v up_o their_o winter-quarter_n till_o christmas_n and_o then_o come_v forth_o thence_o they_o overran_a by_o several_a party_n the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n and_o berkshire_n as_o far_o as_o reading_n wallingford_n and_o colsey_n devour_v up_o for_o want_v of_o other_o plunder_n all_o the_o provision_n and_o victual_n they_o find_v in_o the_o house_n and_o retribute_v the_o same_o with_o fire_n and_o sword_n at_o their_o departure_n in_o their_o return_n they_o meet_v with_o the_o army_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a near_o essington_n but_o this_o consist_v only_o of_o a_o raw_a and_o unexperienced_a rabble_n they_o easy_o break_v through_o and_o pass_v triumphant_o by_o the_o gate_n of_o winchester_n they_o get_v safe_a with_o great_a booty_n to_o wight_n king_n adelred_n all_o this_o while_n lie_v at_o his_o manor-house_n in_o shropshire_n much_o trouble_v and_o concern_v at_o these_o uninterrupted_a devastation_n of_o the_o dane_n but_o the_o nobility_n of_o england_n rather_o to_o save_v some_o than_o lose_v all_o they_o possess_v buy_v their_o peace_n of_o the_o dane_n for_o the_o sum_n of_o 30000_o l._n during_o which_o interval_n king_n adelred_n rouse_a his_o droop_a spirit_n ordain_v that_o every_o three_o hundred_o hide_n of_o land_n one_o hide_v be_v as_o much_o as_o one_o plough_n can_v sufficient_o till_o through_o his_o dominion_n shall_v man_n out_o a_o ship_n and_o every_o eight_o hide_n a_o corslet_n and_o a_o helmet_n beside_o which_o the_o king_n have_v no_o inconsiderable_a navy_n send_v he_o from_o normandy_n â—his_fw-la fleet_n when_o rendezvous'd_v at_o sandwich_n seem_v terrible_a in_o those_o day_n and_o be_v the_o great_a that_o ever_o â—ore_o than_o ride_v upon_o the_o british_a sea_n and_o now_o one_o â—â—ght_n have_v think_v that_o all_o thing_n will_v go_v well_o â—â—th_v the_o english_a when_o of_o a_o sudden_a another_o cloud_n appear_v for_o one_o wilnot_n a_o noble_a man_n of_o sussex_n beâ—â—g_v banish_v by_o king_n adelred_n get_v to_o sea_n with_o a_o small_a â—â—mber_n of_o ship_n and_o practise_v piracy_n along_o the_o â—â—asts_n of_o britain_n and_o mighty_o annoy_v all_o merchant_n and_o passenger_n brightrych_n brother_n to_o the_o a.d._n 1008_o faiterous_a edric_n earl_n of_o mercia_n think_v to_o advance_v 〈◊〉_d reputation_n by_o some_o signal_n exploit_n promise_v to_o â—â—ng_n wilnot_n dead_a or_o alive_a before_o he_o to_o which_o use_v he_o set_v forth_o with_o a_o considerable_a fleet_n which_o â—â—eeting_v with_o a_o terrible_a storm_n be_v by_o the_o tempest_n â—iven_v back_o and_o wreck_v upon_o the_o shore_n so_o that_o great_a number_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v drown_v and_o the_o 〈◊〉_d burn_v by_o wilnot_n and_o his_o company_n brightrych_n beâ—â—g_v abash_v with_o this_o unfortunate_a beginning_n returnâ—â—_n inglorious_o by_o the_o thames_n back_o to_o london_n so_o â—â—at_a this_o great_a preparation_n against_o the_o dane_n be_v â—â—shed_v to_o piece_n and_o come_v to_o nothing_o the_o dane_n be_v not_o ignorant_a of_o the_o misfortune_n the_o a.d._n 1009_o â—â—glish_fw-fr receive_v by_o this_o storm_n and_o without_o any_o furâ—â—er_a enquiry_n land_v at_o sandwich_n and_o so_o pass_v on_o canterbury_n which_o they_o intend_v to_o destroy_v be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o citizen_n buy_v off_o for_o 3000_o l._n pass_v from_o â—â—ence_n through_o kent_n sussex_n and_o hampshire_n they_o come_v 〈◊〉_d burkshire_n where_o king_n edelred_n at_o length_n meet_v with_o â—â—em_n and_o purpose_v resolute_o to_o set_v upon_o they_o be_v the_o cunning_a insinuation_n and_o subtle_a argument_n of_o suitor_n edric_n dissuade_v from_o fight_v the_o dane_n beâ—â—g_v thus_o deliver_v from_o the_o danger_n which_o they_o certainâ—â—_n expect_v pass_v on_o joyful_o by_o the_o city_n of_o london_n use_v with_o great_a booty_n return_v to_o their_o ship_n the_o 〈◊〉_d year_n they_o land_v again_o at_o ipswich_n upon_o ascensionâ—â—_n where_o wolfkettel_n entertain_v they_o with_o a_o sharp_a â—â—counter_n but_o be_v overpower_a by_o number_n he_o â—as_v force_v to_o give_v back_o and_o yield_v the_o day_n to_o the_o
with_o loud_a acclamation_n and_o joyful_o salute_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n who_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n behave_v himself_o in_o his_o government_n with_o that_o prudence_n and_o conduct_n that_o he_o manful_o defend_v his_o country_n from_o the_o frequent_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o dane_n for_o he_o be_v scarce_o settle_v in_o his_o throne_n when_o these_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o the_o welsh_a enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o crosford_n upon_o the_o severn_n where_o gruffydh_n meet_v they_o and_o force_v they_o shameful_o to_o fly_v and_o retire_v back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n from_o thence_o gruffydh_n pass_v to_o lhanbadarn_n vawr_n in_o cardiganshire_n which_o he_o lay_v in_o ash_n and_o afterward_o march_v through_o all_o the_o country_n of_o south_n wales_n receive_v of_o the_o people_n oath_n of_o fidelity_n and_o subjection_n to_o he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n howel_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n flee_v to_o edwin_n brother_n to_o leofric_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o prevail_v with_o he_o to_o come_v with_o a_o army_n consist_v of_o english_a and_o dane_n to_o his_o aid_n against_o gruffydh_n who_o meet_v his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n easy_o overcome_v they_o edwin_n be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o howel_n force_v to_o preserve_v his_o life_n by_o flight_n after_o which_o victory_n gruffydh_n have_v reduce_v all_o the_o country_n of_o wales_n to_o subjection_n return_v again_o to_o north_n wales_n but_o howel_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o can_v recover_v himself_o and_o a.d._n 1039_o recruit_v his_o army_n enter_v again_o into_o south-wales_n intend_v the_o recovery_n of_o that_o principality_n which_o he_o be_v now_o so_o well_o assure_v of_o that_o he_o bring_v his_o wife_n with_o he_o to_o the_o field_n to_o let_v she_o see_v how_o easy_o he_o can_v conquer_v and_o overcome_v prince_n gruffydh_n 〈◊〉_d too_o great_a a_o assurance_n of_o victory_n seldom_o prove_v prosperous_a which_o howel_n present_o experience_v for_o gruffydh_n meet_v with_o he_o at_o pencadair_n give_v he_o so_o warm_a a_o entertainment_n that_o he_o be_v force_v present_o to_o take_v his_o heel_n which_o however_o can_v not_o so_o well_o secure_v he_o but_o that_o he_o be_v narrow_o pursue_v and_o his_o wife_n who_o be_v to_o be_v entertain_v with_o the_o conquest_n of_o gruffydh_n on_o the_o contrary_a see_v herself_o take_v prisoner_n by_o he_o and_o force_v to_o comply_v so_o far_o to_o his_o humour_n as_o to_o be_v his_o concubine_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n hardycnute_n a_o prince_n very_o famous_a for_o hospitality_n and_o a_o great_a lover_n of_o good_a cheer_v have_v his_o table_n cover_v four_o time_n a_o day_n with_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n of_o dish_n with_o other_o superfluity_n for_o all_o comer_n but_o he_o likewise_o die_v at_o lambeth_n after_o two_o year_n reign_v the_o english_a agree_v to_o send_v for_o alfred_n the_o elder_a son_n of_o edelred_n from_o normandy_n and_o to_o make_v he_o king_n this_o message_n by_o no_o mean_n please_v earl_n godwyn_n a_o man_n of_o great_a sway_n now_o in_o england_n who_o know_v alfred_n to_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a spirit_n than_o to_o permit_v he_o to_o domineer_v as_o he_o please_v endeavour_v all_o he_o can_v to_o dissuade_v the_o english_a from_o send_v for_o alfred_n he_o show_v they_o how_o dangerous_a it_o be_v to_o permit_v a_o warlike_a nation_n to_o take_v root_n in_o their_o country_n and_o how_o well_o alfred_n be_v accompany_v with_o norman_n to_o who_o he_o have_v promise_v the_o chief_a place_n and_o rule_n of_o the_o kingdom_n by_o which_o and_o other_o like_a insinuation_n he_o so_o disgust_v the_o english_a nobility_n against_o the_o norman_n that_o to_o diminish_v their_o number_n they_o put_v every_o ten_o man_n to_o death_n but_o see_v this_o be_v not_o sufficient_a they_o act_v the_o same_o part_n over_o again_o and_o tythe_v they_o the_o second_o time_n and_o be_v high_o enrage_v against_o the_o norman_n they_o lead_v alfred_n who_o have_v bring_v they_o over_o from_o gilford_n where_o this_o execution_n be_v commit_v to_o gillingham_n where_o have_v put_v out_o his_o eye_n they_o remove_v he_o to_o ely_n and_o there_o at_o length_n pitiful_o murder_v he_o then_o they_o send_v for_o edward_n out_o of_o normandy_n and_o make_v he_o king_n who_o according_a to_o his_o promise_n to_o earl_n godwyn_n marry_a â—is_n daughter_n edith_n a_o lady_n much_o commend_v not_o only_o for_o beauty_n modesty_n and_o other_o feminine_a qualification_n but_o also_o beyond_o what_o be_v requisite_a for_o a_o woman_n learning_n but_o king_n edward_n do_v not_o deal_v so_o favourable_o with_o her_o brother_n swain_n son_n to_o earl_n godwyn_n who_o upon_o some_o distaste_v be_v banish_v england_n and_o thereupon_o force_v to_o betake_v himself_o to_o baldwyn_n earl_n of_o flanders_n by_o who_o he_o be_v very_o honourable_o receive_v a.d._n 1041_o these_o trouble_n and_o revolution_n in_o england_n be_v succeed_v by_o other_o of_o no_o less_o consequence_n in_o wales_n for_o howel_n not_o brook_v to_o be_v keep_v so_o shameful_o out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n return_v again_o the_o three_o time_n into_o south-wales_n where_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v long_o but_o a_o great_a number_n of_o stranger_n land_v in_o the_o west_n of_o wales_n and_o advance_v far_o into_o the_o country_n pillage_v and_o destroy_v all_o place_n they_o come_v to_o howel_n though_o desirous_a to_o reserve_v his_o army_n to_o fight_v with_o prince_n gruffydh_n yet_o can_v not_o behold_v his_o country_n so_o miserable_o waste_v and_o overrun_v by_o stranger_n and_o think_v moreover_o that_o by_o so_o charitable_a a_o action_n he_o shall_v win_v the_o universal_a love_n of_o the_o south-wales_n man_n draw_v up_o his_o force_n against_o they_o and_o overtake_v they_o at_o pwll_n fynach_n force_v they_o with_o much_o loss_n to_o retire_v to_o their_o ship_n which_o action_n be_v call_v in_o welsh_a gwaith_n pwll_n fynach_n at_o the_o same_o time_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n who_o be_v force_v for_o fear_n of_o prince_n gruffydh_n to_o flee_v to_o ireland_n with_o the_o force_n of_o alfred_n king_n of_o dublin_n who_o daughter_n name_v ranulph_n he_o have_v marry_v land_v in_o north-wales_n and_o have_v by_o some_o treacherous_a stratagem_n take_v gruffydh_n triumphant_o carry_v he_o prisoner_n towards_o his_o ship_n this_o unhappy_a accident_n be_v discover_v and_o public_o know_v the_o north_n wales_n man_n do_v rise_v on_o a_o sudden_a and_o so_o unexpected_o overtake_v the_o irish_a that_o they_o easy_o recover_v their_o prince_n and_o drive_v his_o enemy_n with_o great_a slaughter_n to_o their_o ship_n who_o without_o any_o far_a consultation_n be_v glad_a to_o strike_v sail_n with_o conan_n for_o ireland_n and_o now_o wales_n both_o north_n and_o south_n be_v free_a from_o all_o foreign_a invasion_n and_o howel_n as_o yet_o too_o weak_a to_o dispute_v his_o title_n with_o gruffydh_n so_o that_o a.d._n 1042_o the_o next_o year_n can_v be_v subject_a to_o no_o great_a action_n in_o which_o nothing_o happen_v remarkable_a save_v the_o death_n of_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n lord_n of_o glamorgan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a quality_n and_o esteem_n in_o wales_n but_o as_o a.d._n 1043_o soon_o as_o howel_n can_v call_v in_o his_o dane_n to_o who_o he_o add_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v in_o south-wales_n he_o intend_v present_o to_o march_v against_o prince_n gruffydh_n but_o he_o be_v aware_a aforehand_o to_o what_o end_n those_o levy_n be_v design_v prepare_v against_o the_o ensue_a storm_n and_o to_o avert_v the_o war_n from_o his_o own_o country_n march_v courageous_o to_o south_n wales_n not_o fear_v to_o face_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v shameful_o vanquish_v twice_o already_o both_o army_n be_v join_v gruffydh_n easy_o overcome_v and_o pursue_v howel_n as_o far_o as_o the_o springhead_n of_o the_o river_n towy_a where_o after_o a_o long_a and_o a_o bloody_a fight_n howel_n be_v at_o last_o slay_v and_o his_o army_n so_o universal_o rout_v that_o few_o escape_v with_o their_o life_n but_o though_o howel_n be_v dead_a yet_o there_o remain_v still_o more_o pretender_n to_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n so_o that_o gruffydh_n be_v in_o no_o great_a prospect_n to_o enjoy_v the_o same_o peaceable_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o be_v publish_v that_o howel_n army_n be_v defeat_v and_o himself_o slay_v rytherch_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o rytherch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n put_v in_o their_o claim_n to_o south-wales_n in_o right_a of_o their_o father_n who_o have_v once_o enjoy_v the_o sovereignty_n of_o that_o country_n and_o in_o order_n to_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o same_o they_o
draw_v together_o a_o great_a army_n consist_v partly_o of_o stranger_n and_o partly_o of_o such_o as_o they_o can_v raise_v in_o gwentland_n and_o glamorgan_n and_o march_v to_o fight_v with_o gruffydh_n the_o prince_n according_a to_o his_o usual_a manner_n detract_v no_o time_n but_o animate_v and_o solace_v his_o soldier_n with_o the_o remembrance_n of_o their_o former_a victory_n and_o conquest_n bid_v the_o enemy_n battle_n which_o prove_v so_o very_o bloody_a and_o terrible_a that_o nothing_o can_v part_v they_o beside_o the_o darkness_n of_o the_o night_n this_o battle_n so_o tire_v and_o tame_v both_o army_n that_o neither_o be_v very_o desirous_a of_o another_o engagement_n and_o so_o one_o be_v unwilling_a to_o set_v upon_o the_o other_o they_o both_o agree_v to_o return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n the_o same_o time_n joseph_n bishop_n of_o teilo_n or_o llandaf_n die_v at_o rome_n but_o both_o army_n be_v separate_v prince_n gruffydh_n enjoy_v a_o quiet_a and_o unmolested_a possession_n of_o all_o wales_n for_o about_o two_o year_n after_o which_o the_o gentry_n of_o ystrad_n towy_n treacherous_o slay_v 140_o of_o the_o choice_n of_o his_o army_n which_o he_o take_v in_o so_o high_a a_o indignation_n that_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o destroy_v all_o dyfed_a and_o ystrad_n towy_a about_o the_o same_o time_n lothen_n and_o hyrl_a two_o danish_a pirate_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o dane_n land_v at_o sandwich_n and_o have_v plunder_v the_o town_n return_v again_o to_o their_o ship_n and_o sail_v for_o holland_n where_o they_o sell_v the_o booty_n they_o have_v take_v and_o then_o return_v to_o their_o own_o country_n short_o afterward_o earl_n swain_n come_v out_o of_o denmark_n with_o eight_o ship_n and_o return_v to_o england_n and_o come_v to_o his_o father_n house_n at_o pevenese_n humble_o request_v of_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n harold_n and_o tostie_n to_o endeavour_v his_o reconciliation_n with_o the_o king_n earl_n beorn_v too_o promise_v to_o intercede_v for_o he_o and_o go_v to_o swayn_n fleet_n to_o sail_v to_o sandwich_n where_o the_o king_n then_o lay_v he_o be_v by_o the_o way_n most_o treacherous_o and_o ungrateful_o murder_v and_o his_o body_n cast_v upon_o the_o shore_n which_o lie_v there_o expose_v till_o his_o friend_n heat_n of_o the_o fact_n come_v and_o carry_v it_o to_o winchester_n and_o bury_v it_o by_o the_o body_n of_o king_n cnute_n â—eorned_v his_o uncle_n swain_n have_v commit_v this_o most_o testable_a murder_n put_v himself_o again_o under_o the_o proâ—â—ction_n of_o the_o earl_n of_o flanders_n not_o dare_v to_o show_v 〈◊〉_d face_n in_o england_n till_o his_o father_n by_o earnest_a mediâ—â—on_n wrought_v his_o peace_n with_o the_o king_n this_o year_n conan_n the_o son_n of_o jago_n raise_v again_o a_o â—â—my_n of_o his_o friend_n in_o ireland_n and_o sail_v towards_o â—ales_n purpose_v to_o recover_v his_o inheritance_n in_o 〈◊〉_d country_n but_o when_o he_o be_v come_v near_o the_o â—â—lch_a coast_n there_o sudden_o arise_v such_o a_o violent_a â—â—â—rm_n that_o his_o fleet_n be_v present_o scatter_v and_o â—â—st_n of_o his_o ship_n drown_v which_o render_v this_o expedition_n ineffectual_a about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n impeach_v earl_n godwyn_n and_o his_o 〈◊〉_d swain_n and_o harold_n of_o treason_n and_o the_o queen_n 〈◊〉_d adultery_n and_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o their_o non-appearance_a when_o cite_v before_o the_o peer_n at_o gloucester_n 〈◊〉_d queen_n be_v divorce_v and_o godwyn_n and_o his_o son_n â—â—nished_v who_o with_o his_o son_n swain_n flee_v to_o flanders_n 〈◊〉_d harold_n to_o ireland_n but_o these_o unlucky_a clashing_n use_v the_o many_o trouble_n that_o ensue_v thereupon_o happen_v upon_o this_o occasion_n eustace_n earl_n of_o bologne_n beâ—â—â—_n marry_v to_o goda_n the_o king_n sister_n come_v over_o this_o â—aâ—_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v king_n edward_n a_o visit_n and_o in_o 〈◊〉_d return_n to_o canterbury_n one_o of_o his_o retinue_n forcible_o â—â—manding_v a_o lodging_n provoke_v the_o master_n of_o the_o â—â—use_n so_o far_o as_o by_o chance_n or_o anger_n to_o kill_v he_o euâ—â—â—e_v upon_o this_o affront_n return_v back_o to_o the_o king_n and_o 〈◊〉_d the_o insinuâ—tions_n of_o the_o archbishop_n make_v a_o loud_a complaint_n against_o the_o kentish-man_n to_o repress_v who_o violence_n earl_n godwyn_n be_v command_v to_o raise_v forâ—â—â—_n which_o he_o refuse_v to_o do_v for_o the_o kindness_n he_o bear_v 〈◊〉_d his_o countryman_n of_o kent_n the_o king_n summon_v a_o parliament_n at_o gloucester_n and_o command_v godwyn_n to_o â—â—pear_v there_o but_o he_o mistrust_v either_o his_o own_o â—use_n or_o the_o malice_n of_o his_o adversary_n gather_v a_o powerful_a army_n out_o of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o son_n earldom_n and_o march_v towards_o gloucester_n give_v out_o â—â—â—t_v their_o force_n be_v to_o go_v against_o the_o welsh_a who_o â—â—â—ended_v to_o invade_v the_o marsh_n but_o king_n edwardâ—â—â—ng_v â—â—â—ng_z satisfy_v by_o the_o welsh_a that_o they_o have_v no_o such_o design_n in_o hand_n command_v godwyn_n to_o dismiss_v his_o aâ—my_n and_o to_o appear_v himself_o to_o answer_v to_o the_o article_n exhibit_v against_o he_o godwyn_n refuse_v to_o obey_v the_o kiâ—â—_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o earl_n leofrick_n summon_v a_o assembly_n at_o london_n whither_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n arrive_v from_o mercia_n which_o godwyn_n perceive_v and_o wiâ—â—al_a find_v himself_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o king_n â—_o proceed_n private_o retire_v with_o his_o son_n out_o 〈◊〉_d the_o kingdom_n and_o flee_v into_o flanders_n whereupon_o the_o king_n issue_v out_o a_o edict_n proclaim_v godwâ—â—_n and_o his_o son_n outlaw_n and_o then_o confiscate_a thâ—â—â—_n estate_n bestow_v they_o upon_o other_o of_o his_o nobiliâ—â—_n and_o to_o pursue_v his_o displeasure_n the_o far_o he_o divorce_v his_o queen_n edith_n earl_n godwyn_n daughter_n aâ—â—_n commit_v she_o to_o a_o cloister_n where_o in_o a_o mean_a condition_n she_o spend_v some_o part_n of_o her_o life_n in_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o forfeit_a estate_n adonan_n obtain_v 〈◊〉_d earldom_n of_o devon_n and_o dorset_n and_o algar_n the_o sâ—â—_n of_o leofrick_n that_o of_o harold_n but_o godwyn_n can_v 〈◊〉_d patient_o behold_v his_o estate_n bestow_v upon_o another_o and_o therefore_o have_v hire_v some_o man_n and_o ship_n 〈◊〉_d flanders_n he_o sail_v to_o the_o isle_n of_o wight_n where_o aâ—â—â—â—_n that_o he_o have_v make_v a_o sufficient_a havoc_n he_o put_v in_o 〈◊〉_d portland_n which_o he_o treat_v after_o the_o same_o manâ—â—â—_n the_o same_o time_n harold_n have_v sail_v from_o ireland_n 〈◊〉_d length_n meet_v with_o his_o father_n and_o then_o with_o their_o unâ—â—â—â—_n navy_n they_o burn_v preveneseny_n romney_n heath_n fâ—â—â—ston_n dover_n and_o sandwich_n and_o enter_v the_o thâ—â—â—â—_n they_o destroy_v cheppey_n and_o burn_v the_o king_n hoâ—â—_n at_o middletown_n then_o they_o sail_v up_o the_o river_n â—â—wards_v london_n where_o the_o king_n army_n be_v reaâ—â—_n to_o oppose_v they_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v by_o the_o meâ—_n of_o bishop_n stigand_n agree_v upon_o which_o prove_v so_o â—â—fectual_a of_o godwyn_n side_n that_o the_o king_n receive_v 〈◊〉_d again_o to_o his_o favour_n restore_v he_o and_o son_n to_o all_o thâ—_n estate_n re-called_n the_o queen_n and_o banish_v the_o archbishop_n with_o all_o the_o frenchman_n who_o have_v be_v promoter_n of_o that_o unhappy_a suspicion_n the_o king_n have_v entertain_v of_o they_o about_o this_o time_n rhys_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n prâ—â—â—â—_n of_o wales_n who_o by_o several_a eruption_n upon_o the_o bordeâ—â—_n 〈◊〉_d considerable_o gaul_v and_o damage_v the_o english_a â—â—s_o take_v and_o put_v to_o death_n at_o bulendun_v who_o â—â—â—d_v be_v cut_v off_o be_v present_v to_o the_o king_n than_o gloucester_n but_o he_o receive_v better_a news_n some_o time_n 〈◊〉_d from_o the_o north_n for_o siward_n earl_n of_o northumberâ—â—â—d_n have_v send_v his_o son_n against_o macbeth_n king_n of_o â—â—gland_n vanquish_v the_o scot_n though_o not_o without_o the_o 〈◊〉_d of_o his_o son_n and_o many_o other_o both_o english_a and_o â—â—nes_n but_o siward_n be_v not_o cast_v down_o at_o his_o son_n be_v â—â—â—th_o but_o inquire_v whether_o he_o receive_v his_o death_n â—â—nd_n before_o or_o behind_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o it_o 〈◊〉_d before_o reply_v he_o be_v very_o glad_a of_o it_o for_o he_o use_v not_o wish_v his_o son_n to_o die_v otherwise_o after_o this_o story_n king_n edward_n march_v in_o person_n to_o scotland_n and_o have_v again_o overcome_v macbeth_n in_o battle_n make_v the_o whole_a kingdom_n of_o scotland_n tributary_n the_o crown_n of_o england_n the_o next_o year_n earl_n â—â—â—â—yn_v sit_v with_o the_o king_n at_o table_n sink_v down_o use_v of_o a_o sudden_a be_v choke_v as_o it_o be_v think_v in_o â—â—llowing_v a_o morsel_n of_o bread_n who_o earldom_n the_o â—â—ng_v bestow_v upon_o his_o
death_n 〈◊〉_d edward_n to_o secure_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n for_o hâ—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v honourable_o dismiss_v upon_o his_o return_n to_o england_n by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o â—ruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n himself_o with_o his_o brother_n tosty_o â—iled_v a_o great_a army_n and_o enter_v into_o south-wales_n â—hich_v they_o destroy_v after_o that_o manner_n that_o the_o welsh_a be_v glad_a to_o deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o the_o â—ayment_n of_o the_o ancient_a tribute_n which_o afore-time_o â—hey_n be_v use_v to_o pay_v gruffydh_n hear_v of_o the_o inâ—lencies_n of_o the_o english_a in_o south_n wales_n make_v all_o posâ—â—ble_a haste_n and_o preparation_n to_o oppose_v they_o but_o all_o 〈◊〉_d no_o purpose_n harold_n have_v already_o treacherous_o â—â—ed_v some_o of_o gruffydh_n near_a friend_n to_o murder_n 〈◊〉_d who_o watch_v their_o opportunity_n execute_v their_o â—icked_a design_n and_o bring_v his_o head_n to_o harold_n gruffydh_n be_v dead_a harold_n by_o king_n edward_n order_n â—â—pointed_v meredith_n son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n prince_n 〈◊〉_d south_n wales_n and_o the_o government_n of_o north-wales_n 〈◊〉_d blethyn_n and_o rywaâ—hon_n the_o son_n of_o coffin_n brother_n 〈◊〉_d the_o mother_n side_n to_o prince_n gruffydh_n and_o who_o proâ—ably_o for_o the_o desire_n of_o rule_n be_v accessary_a to_o the_o murder_n of_o that_o noble_a prince_n this_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lheâ—â—â—yn_fw-mi enjoy_v the_o principality_n of_o wales_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o four_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o incomparable_a verâ—â—â—_n both_o wise_a and_o valiant_a belove_v of_o his_o subject_n â—nd_v formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n in_o all_o his_o action_n he_o behave_v himself_o great_a and_o princely_a and_o have_v demand_v his_o country_n so_o brave_o against_o all_o foreign_a opposition_n he_o be_v far_o unworthy_a of_o that_o treacherous_a â—nd_n cruel_a death_n which_o his_o unkind_a subject_n and_o unnatural_a friend_n bestow_v upon_o he_o he_o leave_v issue_n â—ut_v â—â—e_v daughter_n call_v nest_n abuse_v first_o by_o fleaâ—ceâ—on_n â—on_z of_o bâ—ncho_n and_o afterward_o marry_v to_o trahaern_a â—p_n caradoc_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n after_o the_o deplorable_a murder_n of_o prince_n gruffyâ—â—_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o accord_v to_o some_o be_v son_n to_o howel_n dha_n do_v take_v 〈◊〉_d on_o he_o as_o it_o be_v say_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_a and_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n the_o son_n of_o confyn_n hâ—â—_n brother_n to_o gruffydh_n as_o descend_v from_o augboâ—_n daughter_n to_o meredith_n sometime_o prince_n of_o walâ—â—_n enter_v upon_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n câ—â—â—â—_n the_o son_n jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n the_o right_a heir_n to_o that_o croâ—â—_n be_v then_o with_o his_o father-in-law_n in_o ireland_n tâ—â—_n partition_n of_o wales_n fall_v much_o short_a of_o the_o expectation_n of_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n who_o bâ—ing_v the_o chief_a promoter_n of_o harold_n make_v a_o â—â—pedition_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewolyn_n make_v no_o qâ—stion_n to_o attain_v to_o the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n â—â—case_n gruffydh_n get_v the_o worse_a but_o it_o happen_v otherwise_o harold_n be_v sensible_a of_o caradoc_n subtlety_n aâ—â—_n knavery_n and_o doubt_v whether_o if_o he_o be_v maâ—â—_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n he_o can_v obtain_v a_o certain_a lode-ship_n nigh_o hereford_n which_o he_o have_v a_o long_a mindâ—_n make_v a_o composition_n with_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n for_o 〈◊〉_d say_v lordship_n and_o create_v he_o prince_n of_o south-wales_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a banish_a caradoc_n out_o of_o 〈◊〉_d country_n harold_n have_v obtain_v his_o request_n buâ—_n a_o very_a magnificent_a house_n at_o a_o place_n call_v portasâ—â—_n in_o monmouth-shire_n and_o store_v it_o with_o great_a quantity_n of_o provision_n splendid_o entertain_v the_o king_n who_o honour_v he_o with_o a_o visit_n this_o be_v by_o a_o mean_n please_v to_o tofty_a to_o see_v his_o young_a brother_n in_o great_a esteem_n and_o favour_n with_o the_o king_n thâ—â—_n himself_o and_o have_v conceal_v his_o displeasure_n for_o 〈◊〉_d time_n can_v not_o forbear_v at_o length_n but_o discover_v 〈◊〉_d grievance_n for_o one_o day_n at_o windsor_n while_o harâ—â—_n reach_v the_o cup_n to_o king_n edward_n tosty_o ready_a to_o burâ—_n for_o envy_n that_o his_o brother_n be_v so_o much_o respect_v beyond_o himself_o can_v not_o refrain_v to_o run_v furious_o upon_o he_o and_o pull_v he_o by_o the_o hair_n drag_v he_o to_o the_o ground_n for_o which_o unmannerly_a action_n the_o king_n forbid_v he_o the_o court_n but_o he_o with_o continue_a rancour_n and_o malice_n ride_v to_o hereford_n where_o harold_n have_v many_o servant_n prepare_v a_o entertainment_n for_o the_o king_n and_o set_v upon_o they_o with_o his_o follower_n â—â—opped_v off_o the_o hand_n and_o leg_n of_o some_o the_o arm_n and_o head_n of_o other_o and_o throw_v they_o into_o the_o butt_n of_o wine_n and_o other_o liquor_n which_o be_v put_v in_o for_o the_o king_n be_v drink_v and_o at_o his_o departure_n charge_v the_o servant_n to_o acquaint_v he_o that_o of_o other_o fresh_a meat_n he_o may_v carry_v with_o he_o what_o he_o please_v but_o for_o â—ince_n he_o shall_v find_v plenty_n provide_v ready_a for_o he_o for_o which_o barbarous_a offence_n the_o king_n pronounce_v a_o sentence_n of_o perpetual_a banishment_n upon_o he_o but_o saradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi give_v a_o finish_v stroke_n to_o harold_n house_n and_o the_o king_n entertainment_n at_o portascyth_n for_o come_v thither_o short_o after_o tosty_n departure_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o harold_n he_o kill_v all_o the_o workman_n and_o labourer_n with_o all_o the_o servant_n he_o can_v find_v and_o utter_o deface_v the_o building_n carry_v away_o all_o the_o costly_a material_n which_o with_o great_a charge_n and_o expense_n have_v be_v bring_v thither_o to_o beautify_v and_o adorn_v the_o structure_n soon_o after_o which_o the_o northumbrian_n who_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o insolence_n of_o the_o two_o brother_n harold_n and_o tosty_o who_o bear_v a_o uncontrollable_a sway_n in_o the_o kingdom_n be_v use_v to_o practice_v most_o hellish_a villainy_n to_o encompass_v any_o man_n estate_n that_o displease_v they_o in_o a_o tumult_n at_o york_n beset_v the_o palace_n of_o tosty_o and_o have_v pillage_v his_o treasure_n â—â—ew_n all_o his_o family_n as_o well_o englishman_n as_o dane_n then_o adjoin_v to_o themselves_o the_o people_n of_o lincoln_n nottingham_n and_o derby_n shire_n they_o elect_a marcher_n the_o son_n of_o earl_n algar_n their_o general_n to_o who_o come_v his_o brother_n edwin_n with_o a_o considerable_a number_n of_o force_n â—nd_v a_o great_a party_n of_o welsh_a man_n then_o they_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n to_o northampton_n where_o harold_n meet_v they_o be_v send_v by_o the_o king_n to_o know_v their_o demand_n to_o who_o they_o lay_v open_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o cruelty_n of_o tosty_n government_n and_o at_o last_o with_o a_o absolute_a refusal_n of_o admit_v he_o again_o desire_v that_o marcher_n shall_v be_v appoint_v earl_n over_o they_o which_o the_o king_n upon_o the_o reasonable_a complaint_n of_o injury_n do_v by_o tosty_o easy_o grant_v and_o willing_o confirm_v marcher_n title_n whereupon_o they_o peaceable_o return_v back_o to_o the_o north_n and_o the_o welsh_a with_o several_a prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n get_v in_o this_o expedition_n return_v to_o wales_n a.d._n 1066_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n edward_z die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o westminster_n be_v the_o last_o king_n of_o the_o saxon_a blood_n before_o the_o conquest_n that_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n which_o from_o cerdic_n king_n of_o the_o westsaxons_a have_v continue_v 544_o and_o from_o egbert_n the_o first_o monarch_n 171_o year_n edward_n be_v dead_a the_o next_o debate_n be_v about_o a_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n edgar_n edeling_n be_v set_v up_o by_o some_o as_o lawful_a heir_n to_o the_o crown_n which_o harold_n as_o be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o kingdom_n much_o wealthy_a and_o better_o befriend_v present_o thwart_v and_o bring_v matter_n so_o cunning_o about_o that_o himself_o be_v choose_v king_n without_o any_o regard_n observe_v to_o the_o oath_n and_o promise_n he_o have_v former_o make_v to_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n duke_n william_n upon_o notice_n of_o harold_n advancement_n how_o that_o he_o have_v accept_v of_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n contrary_a to_o the_o article_n between_o they_o convene_v together_o his_o noble_n and_o lay_v before_o they_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o affront_v be_v have_v receive_v at_o the_o hand_n of_o harold_n as_o the_o death_n of_o his_o cousin_n alfred_n the_o banishment_n of_o archbishop_n robert_n earl_n odan_n and_o all_o the_o norman_n and_o last_o the_o breach_n of_o his_o oath_n and_o
disturbance_n swain_n king_n of_o denmark_n and_o osburn_n his_o brother_n with_o 300_o sail_n come_v up_o the_o humber_n and_o be_v join_v by_o edgar_n edeling_n and_o earl_n waltelfe_n march_v to_o york_n and_o take_v the_o castle_n dispose_v of_o their_o force_n to_o winter_n quarter_n betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o ouse_n and_o trent_n the_o king_n understand_v the_o matter_n post_v to_o the_o north_n who_o come_v so_o dash_v the_o confederate_n that_o they_o quick_o disperse_v their_o power_n and_o the_o dane_n escape_v to_o their_o ship_n and_o the_o king_n have_v take_v vengeance_n upon_o the_o rebellious_a inhabitant_n of_o the_o country_n and_o upon_o his_o submission_n have_v pardon_v earl_n waltelfe_n return_v back_o to_o london_n blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n a.d._n 1070_o about_o the_o same_o time_n caradoc_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n all_o this_o while_n be_v sore_o dissatisfy_v that_o he_o can_v not_o attain_v to_o the_o principality_n of_o south_n wales_n invite_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o norman_n to_o who_o he_o join_v all_o the_o force_n he_o can_v raise_v out_o of_o gwentland_n and_o other_o part_n of_o wales_n then_o set_v upon_o prince_n meredith_n who_o be_v far_o too_o weak_a to_o encounter_n so_o considerable_a a_o army_n give_v he_o a_o easy_a overthrow_n near_o the_o river_n rymhy_n where_o meredith_n be_v slay_v and_o so_o caradoc_n obtain_v the_o government_n of_o south-wales_n which_o for_o a_o long_a time_n he_o have_v endeavour_v sinistrous_o to_o encompass_v he_o have_v sometime_o afore_o procure_v harold_n to_o make_v a_o invasion_n upon_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n purposely_o that_o himself_o may_v arrive_v at_o the_o principality_n of_o south-wales_n and_o fail_v then_o of_o his_o expectation_n he_o now_o invite_v over_o the_o norman_n not_o be_v willing_a to_o trust_v the_o english_a any_o more_o by_o reason_n that_o he_o have_v so_o ungrateful_o be_v balk_v by_o harold_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v he_o care_v not_o by_o what_o course_n or_o by_o who_o mean_n he_o shall_v gain_v his_o point_n though_o it_o be_v by_o the_o ruin_n and_o destruction_n of_o his_o country_n which_o hitherto_o he_o have_v earnest_o promote_v be_v at_o length_n advance_v to_o his_o long_a expect_a government_n of_o south-wales_n which_o though_o not_o record_v seem_v yet_o very_o probable_a by_o reason_n that_o his_o son_n rytherch_v ap_fw-mi caradoc_n enjoy_v the_o same_o very_a soon_o after_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v this_o honour_n long_o but_o die_v in_o a_o short_a time_n after_o his_o advancement_n leave_v to_o succeed_v he_o his_o son_n rytberch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o caradoc_n carry_v on_o this_o rebellion_n in_o wales_n the_o earl_n edwin_n marcher_n and_o hereward_n revolt_v from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n but_o edwin_n suspect_v the_o success_n of_o their_o affair_n and_o determine_v to_o retire_v to_o malcolm_n king_n of_o scotland_n in_o his_o journey_n thither_o be_v betray_v and_o slay_v by_o his_o own_o follower_n then_o marcher_n and_o hereward_n betake_v themselves_o to_o the_o isle_n of_o ely_n which_o though_o sufficient_o fortify_v be_v so_o warm_o besiege_v by_o the_o king_n that_o marcher_n and_o his_o accomplice_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n force_v to_o surrender_v themselves_o up_o prisoner_n only_a hereward_n make_v his_o escape_n to_o scotland_n but_o the_o king_n follow_v he_o close_o and_o after_o he_o have_v receive_v homage_n of_o malcolm_n king_n of_o scotland_n return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o after_o a_o short_a stay_n here_o pass_v over_o to_o normandy_n where_o he_o receive_v edgar_n edel_v again_o to_o mercy_n the_o next_o year_n the_o norman_n have_v already_o taste_v a.d._n 1071_o of_o the_o sweetness_n of_o waste_v and_o plunder_v a_o country_n come_v over_o again_o to_o wales_n and_o have_v spoil_v and_o destroy_v dyfe_v and_o the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n return_v home_o with_o very_o great_a spoil_n and_o the_o follow_a year_n sail_v over_o again_o for_o more_o booty_n about_o the_o same_o time_n bleythyd_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o one_o sulien_n but_o this_o be_v not_o all_o the_o misfortune_n that_o befall_v the_o welsh_a for_o radulph_n earl_n of_o the_o east-angle_n together_o with_o roger_n earl_n of_o hereford_n and_o earl_n waltelpe_v enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n against_o king_n william_n appoint_v the_o day_n of_o marriage_n between_o radulph_n and_o roger_n sister_n which_o be_v to_o be_v solemnize_v in_o essex_n to_o treat_v of_o and_o conclude_v their_o design_n radulph_n mother_n be_v come_v out_o of_o wales_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n he_o invite_v over_o several_a of_o her_o friend_n and_o relation_n to_o the_o wedding_n mean_v chief_o by_o this_o seem_a affection_n by_o their_o help_n and_o procurement_n to_o bring_v over_o the_o prince_n and_o people_n of_o wales_n to_o favour_n and_o assist_v his_o undertake_n but_o king_n william_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o whole_a plot_n quick_o ruin_v all_o their_o intrigue_n unexpected_o come_v from_o normandy_n surprise_v the_o conspirator_n only_a radulph_n who_o either_o doubt_a of_o the_o success_n of_o their_o affair_n or_o else_o have_v intimation_n give_v he_o of_o the_o king_n be_v land_v before_o hand_n take_v ship_v at_o norwich_n and_o flee_v to_o denmark_n waltelpe_v and_o roger_n be_v execute_v and_o all_o the_o other_o adherent_n more_o particular_o the_o welsh_a some_o of_o who_o be_v hang_v other_o have_v a.d._n 1073_o their_o eye_n put_v out_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v banish_v soon_o after_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n be_v base_o and_o treacherous_o murder_v by_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n and_o the_o gentleman_n of_o ystrad_n tywy_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v 13_o year_n a_o prince_n of_o singular_a qualification_n and_o virtue_n and_o a_o great_a observer_n of_o justice_n and_o equity_n towards_o his_o subject_n he_o be_v very_o liberal_a and_o magnificent_a be_v indeed_o very_o able_a have_v a_o prodigious_a and_o almost_o a_o incredible_a estate_n as_o appear_v by_o these_o verse_n make_v upon_o he_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n bôb_fw-mi cwys_n ei_o hûn_n bioedh_fw-mi hên_fw-mi bowis_n he_o have_v four_o wife_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n meredith_n by_o haer_fw-mi daughter_n of_o gylhyn_n his_o first_o wife_n lhywarch_n and_o cadogan_n by_o the_o second_o madoc_n and_o riryd_n by_o the_o three_o and_o jorwerth_n by_o his_o last_o trahaern_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n blethyn_n be_v as_o be_v say_v traitorous_o murder_v there_o be_v no_o regard_n have_v to_o his_o issue_n as_o to_o their_o fight_n of_o succession_n but_o trahaern_v ap_fw-mi caradoc_n his_o cousin-german_a be_v a_o person_n of_o great_a power_n and_o sway_n â—n_v the_o country_n be_v unanimous_o elect_v prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n with_o rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n do_v joint_o govern_v south-wales_n trahaern_v indeed_o have_v none_o of_o the_o least_o pretence_n to_o that_o principality_n as_o have_v marry_v nest_n the_o only_a survive_a issue_n of_o that_o great_a prince_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi lhewelyn_n his_o two_o son_n meredith_n and_o ithel_n be_v late_o slay_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o blethyn_n and_o rywalhon_n but_o his_o title_n can_v not_o secure_v he_o in_o his_o government_n as_o much_o as_o his_o possession_n since_o there_o be_v one_o still_o live_v though_o not_o much_o regard_v who_o without_o any_o dispute_n be_v true_a heir_n â—nd_v proprietor_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n and_o this_o be_v gruffydh_n son_n to_o conan_n son_n to_o jago_n ap_fw-mi edwal_n who_o be_v inform_v of_o the_o death_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n and_o the_o advancement_n of_o trahaern_n think_v this_o a_o proper_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o what_o be_v true_o his_o right_n and_o out_o of_o which_o he_o have_v be_v all_o this_o time_n most_o wrongful_o exclude_v wherefore_o have_v obtain_v help_v in_o ireland_n where_o he_o private_o sojourn_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n from_o encumalhon_n king_n of_o vltonia_fw-la ranalht_n and_o mathaw_v two_o other_o king_n of_o that_o country_n he_o sail_v for_o wales_n and_o land_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o he_o easy_o reduce_v and_o bring_v to_o subjection_n at_o the_o same_o time_n cynwric_n ap_fw-mi rywalhon_n a_o nobleman_n of_o maeler_n or_o bromfield_n be_v slay_v in_o north-wales_n but_o how_o or_o upon_o what_o account_n be_v not_o know_v but_o whilst_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n endeavour_n to_o dispossess_v trahaern_a out_o of_o north-wales_n gronow_v and_o lhewelyn_n the_o son_n of_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n have_v unite_v their_o force_n with_o caradoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rytherch_n intend_v to_o revenge_v the_o murder_n of_o their_o grandfather_n blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n upon_o rys_n ap_fw-mi owen_n
especial_o be_v encourage_v thereto_o by_o a_o person_n of_o some_o esteem_n in_o the_o country_n whereupon_o without_o any_o more_o question_n they_o present_o fall_v to_o their_o business_n and_o from_o friend_n become_v unexpected_o foe_n jestyn_n be_v much_o surprise_v to_o find_v the_o norman_n who_o he_o have_v but_o late_o honourable_o dismiss_v from_o his_o service_n and_o as_o he_o think_v with_o satisfaction_n so_o soon_o become_v his_o enemy_n but_o perceive_v a_o serpent_n in_o the_o hedge_n and_o eineon_n so_o amicable_o great_a among_o they_o he_o quick_o guess_v at_o the_o â—eason_n of_o which_o there_o be_v no_o other_o remedy_n leave_v but_o â—o_o bewail_v the_o unnecessary_a folly_n of_o his_o own_o knavery_n the_o norman_n easy_o dispossess_v jestyn_n of_o the_o whole_a lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n the_o most_o pleasant_a and_o fertile_a â—art_n of_o which_o they_o divide_v among_o themselves_o leaâ—ing_v the_o more_o mountainous_a and_o craggy_a ground_n to_o the_o â—hare_n of_o eineon_n the_o knight_n who_o accompany_v fitzhamon_n in_o this_o expedition_n be_v william_n de_fw-fr lonâ—res_n or_o london_n richard_z de_fw-fr grena_n villa_n oâ—_n greenfield_n paganus_fw-la de_fw-fr turberville_n robert_n de_fw-it s_o quintino_n or_o quinâ—n_n richard_n the_o sywarde_a gilbert_n the_o humfrevile_n roâ—er_n de_fw-fr berkrolles_n reginald_n the_o sully_n peter_n le_v soore_a john_n le_fw-fr fleming_n oliver_n de_fw-it s_o john_n william_n de_fw-fr esterâ—ing_n or_o strade_n these_o person_n have_v distribute_v â—hat_n fair_a and_o pleasant_a lordship_n among_o themselves_o and_o consider_v that_o they_o be_v much_o better_o provide_v for_o â—ere_z than_o they_o can_v be_v at_o home_n settle_v in_o glamorgan_n where_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v to_o this_o time_n and_o â—ere_z we_o may_v observe_v what_o a_o train_n of_o circumstance_n concur_v together_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o norman_n have_v possession_n of_o this_o lordship_n for_o have_v not_o eineon_n be_v vanquish_v by_o prince_n rhys_n flee_v to_o jestyn_n rather_o â—han_o to_o another_o or_o have_v not_o jestyn_n be_v so_o vain_a as_o to_o attempt_v the_o conquest_n of_o south-wales_n and_o to_o that_o end_n consent_v to_o the_o advice_n of_o eineon_n there_o have_v be_v â—o_o necessity_n of_o invite_v the_o norman_n at_o all_o to_o wales_n and_o then_o the_o norman_n be_v arrive_v have_v not_o jestynâ—â—ngenteely_a â—â—ngenteely_z violate_v his_o promise_n and_o refuse_v to_o perform_v the_o article_n agree_v upon_o between_o he_o and_o eineon_n or_o have_v not_o eineon_n pursue_v so_o desperate_a a_o revenge_n but_o satisfy_v his_o passion_n upon_o jestyn_n without_o prejudice_n to_o his_o country_n the_o norman_n will_v have_v return_v home_o with_o satisfaction_n and_o consequent_o can_v never_o have_v be_v proprietor_n of_o that_o noble_a country_n they_o then_o forcible_o possess_v and_o now_o again_o the_o welsh_a experience_v the_o dangerous_a consequence_n of_o call_v in_o a_o foreign_a nation_n to_o their_o aid_n the_o saxon_n have_v already_o dispossess_v they_o of_o the_o best_a part_n of_o the_o island_n of_o britain_n and_o now_o the_o normanâ—_n seize_v upon_o a_o great_a part_n of_o that_o small_a country_n which_o have_v escape_v the_o sovereignty_n and_o conquest_n of_o the_o english_a but_o here_o it_o will_v be_v necessary_a to_o lay_v down_o the_o state_n and_o condition_n of_o this_o lordship_n of_o morgannwe_a oâ—_n glamorgan_n and_o what_o share_n each_o particular_a knight_n obtain_v in_o the_o distribution_n of_o it_o the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n reach_v in_o length_n 2d_o miles_n even_o from_o rymny-bridge_n to_o the_o east_n to_o pâ—â—â—_n conan_n westward_o and_o in_o breadth_n from_o aberthâ—â—_n otherwise_o aberdaon_n on_o the_o south-part_n to_o the_o confine_n of_o brecnockshire_n above_o morleys_n castle_n 22_o mile_n this_o be_v a_o royal_a lordship_n the_o lord_n thereof_o owe_v no_o other_o subjection_n than_o obedience_n only_o to_o the_o crown_n assume_v to_o themselves_o all_o the_o privilege_n of_o 〈◊〉_d regal_a court_n except_v only_o the_o pardon_v of_o criminal_n in_o case_n of_o treason_n and_o not_o only_a glamorgan_n but_o the_o several_a petty_a lordship_n of_o which_o it_o consist_v namely_o sengennyth_n myscyn_n ruthin_n lhanblethâ—â—_n tir_v jarlh_n glyn_n rothney_n avan_n neth_n coyty_n talava_n and_o lantuit_n or_o boviarton_n exercise_v the_o same_o privilege_n of_o jura_n regalia_z with_o this_o difference_n only_o that_o in_o case_n of_o wrong_a judgement_n in_o these_o court_n appeâ—â—_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o county-court_n of_o glamorgan_n which_o be_v superior_a to_o the_o rest_n have_v power_n to_o reverse_v any_o judgement_n give_v in_o they_o within_o thâ—_n lordship_n be_v 18_o castle_n and_o 36_o knight_n fee_n beside_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o kynfig_n the_o town_n of_o cowbridge_n or_o pont_n vaen_n and_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caerdà f_n in_o the_o latter_a of_o which_o the_o lord_n of_o glamorgan_n chief_o reside_v wherein_o the_o county-couâ—â—_a be_v monthly_o keep_v the_o annual_a revenue_n of_o this_o lordship_n amount_v to_o a_o thousand_o mark_n whereof_o four_o hundred_o be_v allow_v for_o the_o fee_n and_o salary_n of_o the_o several_a officer_n belong_v to_o the_o same_o this_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n robert_n fitzhamon_n keep_v to_o himself_o and_o the_o other_o he_o distribute_v between_o his_o several_a follower_n namely_o to_o william_n de_fw-fr londres_n he_o give_v the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o ogmore_n to_o richard_n greenfield_n the_o lordship_n of_o neth_n to_o pain_n turberville_n that_o of_o coyty_n to_o robert_n s_o quintine_n lhan_n blechyan_a to_o richard_n syward_a talavan_n to_o gilbert_n humfrevile_n the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o penmarc_n to_o reginald_n sully_v the_o castle_n and_o manor_n of_o sully_n to_o roger_n berkrolles_n that_o of_o east_n orchard_n to_o peter_n le_fw-fr scor_fw-fr that_o of_o peâ—erton_n to_o john_n fleming_n that_o of_o s._n george_n to_o john_n s._n john_n that_o of_o fonmon_n or_o fenvon_n and_o last_o to_o william_n le_fw-fr esterling_n or_o stradling_n that_o of_o s._n donat_n but_o that_o these_o knight_n shall_v have_v dependence_n upon_o and_o may_v seem_v to_o hold_v their_o several_a lordship_n and_o estate_n from_o he_o robert_n fitzhamon_n appoint_v they_o their_o several_a apartment_n in_o his_o castle_n of_o caerdà f_n where_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v their_o attendance_n at_o every_o court-day_n which_o be_v monthly_o keep_v upon_o monday_n but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n that_o robert_n fitzhamon_n take_v the_o lordship_n of_o glamorgan_n barnard_n newmarch_n a_o nobleman_n likewise_o of_o normandy_n obtain_v by_o conquest_n the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr newburgh_n son_n to_o roger_n de_fw-fr bellemont_n by_o the_o conqueror_n make_v earl_n of_o warwick_n the_o country_n of_o gower_n but_o barnard_n newmarch_n give_v the_o people_n of_o wales_n some_o small_a satisfaction_n and_o content_a by_o marry_v nest_n the_o daughter_n also_o of_o nest_n daughter_n to_o lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi prince_n of_o wales_n by_o who_o he_o have_v issue_n a_o son_n call_v mahael_n this_o worthy_a gentleman_n be_v legal_o to_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o lordship_n of_o brecknock_n be_v afterward_o disinherit_v by_o the_o malice_n and_o baseness_n of_o his_o own_o unnatural_a mother_n the_o occasion_n be_v thus_o nest_n happen_v to_o fall_v in_o admiration_n of_o a_o certain_a knight_n with_o who_o she_o have_v more_o than_o ordinary_a familiarity_n even_o beyond_o what_o she_o express_v to_o her_o own_o husband_n mahael_n perceive_v her_o dissolute_a and_o loose_a behaviour_n counsel_v she_o to_o take_v care_n of_o her_o fame_n and_o reputation_n and_o to_o leave_v off_o that_o scandalous_a liberty_n which_o she_o take_v and_o afterward_o meet_v casual_o her_o gallant_a come_n from_o she_o fight_v and_o grievous_o wound_v he_o upon_o this_o nest_n to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o her_o son_n go_v to_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n and_o in_o his_o presence_n take_v she_o corporal_a oath_n that_o her_o son_n mahael_n be_v illegitimate_a and_o not_o beget_v by_o barnard_n newmarch_n her_o husband_n but_o another_o person_n by_o virtue_n of_o which_o oath_n or_o rather_o perjury_n mahael_n be_v disinherit_v and_o his_o sister_n who_o her_o mother_n attest_v to_o be_v legitimate_a be_v bestow_v by_o the_o king_n upon_o milo_n the_o son_n of_o walter_n constable_n afterward_o earl_n of_o hereford_n who_o in_o right_n of_o his_o wife_n enjoy_v the_o whole_a estate_n of_o barnard_n newmarch_n lord_n of_o brecnock_n of_o this_o milo_n it_o be_v report_v that_o tell_v king_n henry_n of_o a_o strange_a accident_n which_o have_v occur_v to_o he_o by_o lhyn_n savathan_n in_o wales_n where_o the_o bird_n upon_o the_o pond_n at_o the_o pass_n by_o of_o gruffydh_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n seem_v by_o their_o chirp_n to_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n overjoy_v the_o king_n
can_v to_o england_n but_o all_o the_o haste_n they_o do_v make_v can_v not_o secure_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o welsh_a for_o gruffydh_n and_o ifor_n the_o son_n of_o ednerth_n ap_fw-mi cadogan_n expect_v they_o private_o at_o a_o place_n call_v aberlhech_v where_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o they_o they_o slay_v the_o great_a part_n of_o their_o number_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v safe_a to_o england_n but_o the_o norman_a garrison_n which_o be_v leave_v behind_o defend_v themselves_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o bravery_n till_o at_o last_o find_v no_o prospect_n of_o relief_n they_o be_v force_v for_o their_o own_o safety_n to_o deliver_v they_o up_o to_o the_o welsh_a who_o from_o that_o time_n become_v again_o proprietor_n of_o those_o place_n which_o the_o norman_n have_v dispossess_v they_o from_o and_o this_o encourage_v the_o welsh_a to_o undertake_v other_o thing_n against_o the_o english_a for_o immediate_o after_o this_o certain_a of_o the_o nobility_n of_o north-wales_n vchth_v the_o son_n of_o edwin_n ap_fw-mi grono_n by_o name_n together_o with_o howel_n ap_fw-mi grono_n and_o the_o soâ—â—_n of_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n of_o powys-land_n pass_v by_o cardigan_n into_o dyve_v which_o country_n king_n william_n have_v give_v to_o arnulph_n son_n to_o roger_n montgomery_n who_o have_v build_v thereon_o the_o castle_n of_o pembrock_n and_o appoint_v gerald_n de_fw-fr windsor_n governor_n of_o the_o same_o and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n with_o fire_n and_o sword_n except_v pembrock_n castle_n which_o be_v impregnable_a they_o return_v home_o with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o booty_n in_o recompense_n of_o this_o when_o the_o lord_n of_o north-wales_n be_v return_v gerald_n issue_v out_o of_o the_o castle_n and_o spoil_v all_o the_o country_n about_o s._n david_n and_o after_o he_o have_v get_v sufficient_a plunder_n and_o take_v divers_a prisoner_n return_v back_o into_o the_o castle_n a.d._n 1095_o the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n be_v return_v from_o normandy_n and_o have_v hear_v how_o that_o the_o welsh_a have_v cut_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o wales_n gather_v all_o his_o power_n together_o and_o with_o great_a pomp_n and_o ostentation_n enter_v the_o march_n resolve_v utter_o to_o eradicate_v the_o rebellious_a and_o implacable_a humour_n of_o the_o welsh_a nation_n but_o after_o all_o this_o boast_n and_o seem_a resolution_n he_o dare_v venture_v no_o far_o than_o the_o march_n where_o have_v build_v some_o few_o castle_n he_o return_v with_o no_o great_a honour_n a.d._n 1096_o then_o he_o come_v but_o the_o next_o spring_n hugh_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o arundel_n and_o salop_n by_o the_o welsh_a â—â—med_v hugh_n goch_n and_o hugh_n fras_n or_o the_o sit_v earl_n 〈◊〉_d chester_n be_v invite_v by_o some_o disaffect_v welchâ—â—rds_n â—â—rds_z come_v into_o north-wales_n with_o a_o very_a great_a â—â—my_n prince_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi â—â—â—thyn_n perceive_v themselves_o to_o be_v too_o weak_a to_o â—â—pose_v so_o numerous_a a_o army_n and_o what_o be_v worse_o â—â—â—ng_v very_o suspicious_a of_o the_o fidelity_n and_o honesty_n of_o â—â—â—ir_n own_o force_n think_v it_o their_o best_a way_n to_o take_v 〈◊〉_d hill_n and_o mountain_n for_o their_o safety_n where_o they_o â—â—re_v like_a to_o remain_v most_o secure_a from_o the_o enemy_n â—â—en_o the_o english_a army_n march_v towards_o anglesey_n 〈◊〉_d be_v come_v over_o against_o the_o island_n they_o build_v 〈◊〉_d castle_n of_o aberlhiennawc_n but_o gruffydh_n and_o caâ—â—an_n can_v no_o long_o endure_v to_o see_v their_o country_n â—â—er_v run_v by_o the_o english_a and_o therefore_o they_o descendâ—â—_n from_o the_o mountain_n and_o come_v to_o anglesey_n think_v with_o what_o succour_n they_o shall_v receive_v from_o â—â—â—land_n of_o which_o they_o be_v disappoint_v to_o be_v able_a 〈◊〉_d defend_v the_o island_n from_o any_o attempt_n that_o shall_v 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o it_o and_o now_o the_o whole_a treason_n and_o 〈◊〉_d occasion_n of_o the_o english_a come_v to_o wales_n be_v discover_v for_o owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n the_o prince_n his_o chiefâ—â—â—_n counsellor_n who_o daughter_n gruffydh_n have_v marâ—â—â—d_v have_v himself_o also_o marry_v everyth_v the_o daughâ—â—â—_n of_o confyn_n aunt_n to_o cadogan_n upon_o some_o private_a â—â—rudge_n or_o other_o call_v in_o the_o english_a into_o wales_n use_v at_o this_o time_n open_o join_v his_o force_n with_o â—â—eirs_n and_o lead_v the_o whole_a army_n over_o into_o anglesey_n â—ruffydh_fw-mi and_z cadogan_n find_v how_o they_o be_v beâ—â—ayed_v by_o their_o dear_a friend_n as_o they_o think_v for_o â—â—â—r_n of_o far_a treachery_n judge_v it_o prudent_a to_o sail_v private_o for_o ireland_n after_o who_o departure_n the_o engâ—â—â—h_n fall_v cruel_o to_o work_v destroy_v all_o they_o can_v â—â—me_n at_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o either_o age_n or_o sex_n â—nd_n whilst_o the_o english_a continue_v in_o anglesey_n magâ—â—s_v the_o son_n of_o harold_n late_o king_n of_o england_n come_v â—ver_o with_o a_o great_a fleet_n intend_v to_o lay_v fast_o hold_v â—pon_o that_o kingdom_n than_o his_o father_n have_v do_v and_o 〈◊〉_d recover_v the_o same_o to_o himself_o but_o whilst_o he_o steer_v â—is_fw-la course_n thitherward_o he_o be_v drive_v by_o contrary_a wind_n to_o the_o coast_n of_o anglesey_n where_o he_o will_v fain_o have_v land_v have_v not_o the_o english_a army_n keep_v he_o off_o but_o in_o this_o skirmish_n magnus_n accidental_o wound_v hugh_n earl_n of_o salop_n with_o a_o arrow_n in_o the_o face_n whereof_o he_o die_v and_o then_o of_o a_o sudden_a both_o army_n relinquish_v the_o island_n the_o english_a return_v a.d._n 1097_o to_o england_n appoint_v owen_n ap_fw-mi edwin_n who_o invite_v they_o over_o prince_n of_o the_o country_n but_o owen_n do_v not_o enjoy_v the_o principality_n long_o for_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o follow_a spring_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o cadogan_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n return_v from_o ireland_n and_o have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o norman_n for_o some_o part_n of_o their_o land_n in_o wales_n gruffydh_n remain_v in_o anglesey_n and_o cadogan_n have_v cardigan_n with_o part_n of_o powy_n but_o though_o cadogan_n recover_v his_o estate_n yet_o in_o a_o little_a while_n after_o he_o lose_v his_o son_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v treacherous_o murder_v by_o the_o man_n of_o brecnock_n at_o which_o time_n also_o die_v rythmarch_n archbishop_n of_o s._n david_n the_o son_n of_o sulien_n be_v in_o the_o 43_o year_n of_o his_o age_n a_o man_n of_o the_o great_a piety_n wisdom_n and_o learning_n as_o have_v flourish_v a_o long_a time_n in_o wales_n except_v his_o father_n under_o who_o a.d._n 1098_o tutelage_n he_o be_v educate_v the_o year_n follow_v king_n william_n rufus_n as_o he_o be_v hunt_v in_o the_o new_a forest_n be_v accidental_o stain_v with_o a_o arrow_n which_o one_o walter_n tyrrell_n shoot_v at_o a_o stag_n and_o his_o elder_a brother_n be_v then_o engage_v in_o the_o holy_a war_n henry_n his_o young_a brother_n who_o in_o his_o life-time_n he_o have_v nominate_v his_o successor_n be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n the_o same_o year_n hugh_n earl_n of_o chester_n grono_fw-it ap_fw-mi cadogan_n and_o gwyn_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi depart_v this_o life_n a.d._n 1100_o about_o two_o year_n after_o a_o rebellion_n break_v out_o in_o england_n robert_z de_fw-fr belesmo_n the_o son_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o arnulph_n his_o brother_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o king_n henry_n which_o he_o be_v inform_v of_o send_v they_o a_o very_a gracious_a message_n to_o come_v before_o he_o and_o declare_v their_o grievance_n and_o the_o reason_n of_o their_o rise_n up_o in_o arm_n against_o his_o majesty_n but_o the_o earl_n instead_o of_o appear_v in_o person_n send_v he_o flight_n and_o frivolous_a excuse_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a while_o make_v all_o necessary_a preparation_n for_o the_o war_n both_o by_o raise_v of_o force_n and_o fortify_v their_o castle_n and_o strong_a hold_n and_o to_o strengthen_v themselves_o the_o more_o they_o send_v rich_a present_n and_o make_v large_a promise_n to_o jorwerth_n cadogan_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n for_o to_o bring_v they_o to_o their_o side_n robert_n fortify_v four_o castle_n namely_o arundel_n tekinhil_n shrewsbury_n and_o brugge_n which_o last_o by_o reason_n that_o robert_n build_v it_o without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o king_n be_v the_o chief_a occasion_n of_o this_o war_n and_o arnulph_n fortify_v his_o castle_n at_o pembrock_n after_o this_o they_o enter_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n into_o the_o territory_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n waste_v and_o destroy_v all_o before_o they_o and_o to_o augment_v their_o strength_n arnulph_n send_v gerald_n his_o steward_n to_o murkart_n king_n of_o ireland_n desire_v his_o daughter_n in_o wedlock_n which_o be_v
great_a penalty_n to_o receive_v he_o but_o that_o they_o shall_v account_v he_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o their_o country_n and_o endeavour_v all_o they_o can_v to_o secure_v he_o and_o to_o bring_v he_o prisoner_n before_o he_o when_o madawc_n understand_v this_o how_o that_o his_o person_n be_v in_o continual_a danger_n whilst_o he_o remain_v there_o have_v draw_v to_o he_o all_o the_o outlaw_n and_o villain_n in_o the_o country_n he_o keep_v in_o the_o rock_n and_o mountain_n devise_v all_o the_o way_n and_o mean_v he_o can_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o jorwerth_n and_o so_o make_v a_o private_a league_n and_o agreement_n with_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n who_o for_o a_o long_a time_n have_v be_v a_o mortal_a enemy_n of_o jorwerth_n these_o two_o associate_n have_v intelligence_n that_o jorwerth_n lie_v one_o night_n at_o caereineon_n gather_v all_o their_o strength_n and_o come_v and_o encompass_v the_o house_n at_o midnight_n which_o when_o iorwerth_n servant_n perceive_v they_o arise_v and_o defend_v the_o house_n with_o all_o the_o may_v they_o can_v but_o the_o assailant_n at_o last_o put_v the_o house_n on_o fire_n they_o be_v glad_a as_o many_o as_o can_v to_o escape_v through_o the_o flame_n the_o great_a part_n be_v force_v to_o yield_v either_o to_o the_o enemy_n sword_n or_o the_o more_o conquer_a fire_n jorwerth_n see_v no_o remedy_n but_o that_o he_o must_v undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n as_o his_o man_n have_v do_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o his_o enemy_n with_o his_o sword_n in_o his_o hand_n than_o to_o commit_v his_o life_n to_o the_o cowardly_a flame_n and_o therefore_o rush_v out_o with_o great_a violence_n he_o be_v receive_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o the_o enemy_n spear_n and_o so_o be_v toss_v into_o the_o fire_n he_o miserable_o perish_v by_o a_o double_a death_n as_o soon_o as_o king_n henry_n hear_v of_o his_o death_n he_o send_v for_o cadwgan_n to_o he_o and_o give_v he_o all_o his_o brother_n estate_n be_v powys-land_n and_o promise_v his_o son_n owen_n his_o pardon_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v demean_v himself_o quiet_o and_o loyal_o hereafter_o will_v he_o to_o send_v for_o he_o back_o from_o ireland_n king_n henry_n also_o about_o this_o time_n marry_v his_o natural_a son_n robert_n to_o mabil_n daughter_n and_o sole_a heir_n to_o robert_n fiz-hamon_n lord_n of_o glamorgan_n in_o who_o right_a this_o robert_n become_v lord_n of_o glamorgan_n be_v before_o by_o the_o king_n create_v e._n of_o gloucester_n by_o who_o the_o castle_n of_o cardaf_n be_v build_v but_o madawc_n find_v the_o matter_n nothing_o mend_v and_o that_o his_o other_o uncle_n cadwgan_n who_o lie_v under_o the_o same_o obligation_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n rule_v the_o country_n hide_v himself_o in_o the_o most_o private_a and_o inaccessible_a place_n watch_v only_o a_o opportunity_n to_o commit_v the_o like_a fact_n upon_o cadwgan_n and_o to_o murder_v he_o by_o one_o treacherous_a way_n or_o another_o and_o this_o he_o effect_v in_o a_o little_a time_n for_o cadwgan_n have_v reduce_v the_o country_n to_o some_o sort_n of_o settlement_n and_o quietness_n and_o restore_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n where_o he_o sit_v in_o person_n to_o administer_v justice_n come_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o elder_n of_o the_o country_n to_o trallwng_v now_o pool_n and_o have_v begin_v to_o build_v a_o castle_n he_o think_v to_o make_v that_o the_o constant_a seat_n of_o his_o habitation_n madawc_n understand_v his_o design_n lay_v in_o ambush_n for_o he_o in_o his_o way_n to_o trallwng_v and_o as_o cadwgan_n unconcerned_o pass_v by_o without_o the_o least_o suscition_n of_o treachery_n he_o sudden_o set_v upon_o he_o and_o slay_v he_o without_o allow_v he_o any_o time_n either_o to_o fight_v or_o escape_v then_o he_o send_v present_o a_o message_n to_o shrewsbury_n to_o the_o bishop_n of_o london_n the_o king_n lieutenant_n in_o the_o march_n to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o former_a promise_n to_o he_o when_o he_o chase_v owen_n out_o of_o the_o country_n because_o that_o the_o bishop_n bear_v a_o inveterate_a enmity_n to_o cadwgan_n and_o his_o son_n owen_n grant_v madawc_n such_o land_n as_o his_o brother_n ithel_n be_v possess_v of_o but_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n be_v inform_v of_o the_o death_n of_o both_o his_o brother_n go_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o king_n desire_v of_o he_o the_o land_n of_o jorwerth_n in_o powy_n which_o he_o have_v late_o grant_v to_o cadwgan_n which_o the_o king_n grant_v he_o till_o such_o time_n as_o owen_n shall_v return_v from_o ireland_n owen_n do_v not_o stay_v long_o before_o he_o come_v over_o and_o then_o go_v to_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v honourable_o receive_v and_o have_v all_o his_o father_n estate_n restore_v to_o he_o whereupon_o in_o gratitude_n of_o this_o signal_n favour_n he_o voluntary_o promise_v to_o pay_v the_o king_n a_o considerable_a fine_a for_o the_o due_a payment_n of_o which_o he_o give_v very_o responsible_a pledge_n madawc_n find_v himself_o alone_a to_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o lurch_n and_o that_o he_o have_v no_o seem_a power_n to_o bear_v head_n against_o the_o king_n think_v it_o also_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v what_o reconciliation_n he_o can_v and_o therefore_o he_o offer_v the_o king_n a_o very_a great_a fine_a if_o he_o shall_v peaceable_o enjoy_v his_o former_a estate_n promise_v withal_o never_o to_o molest_v or_o disturb_v any_o one_o that_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n willing_a to_o bring_v all_o matter_n to_o a_o settle_a condition_n ready_o grant_v his_o request_n and_o confer_v upon_o he_o all_o he_o can_v reasonable_o ask_v for_o only_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o upon_o his_o peril_n he_o shall_v provide_v for_o the_o relation_n of_o they_o who_o he_o have_v so_o base_o murder_v a.d._n 1109_o and_o thus_o all_o matter_n be_v bring_v to_o a_o peaceable_a conclusion_n in_o wales_n the_o next_o year_n robert_n de_fw-fr belesmo_n who_o have_v be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a instrument_n of_o these_o welsh_a disturbance_n in_o that_o great_a rebellion_n which_o himself_o with_o roger_n de_fw-fr montgomery_n earl_n of_o salop_n and_o his_o brother_n arnulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n have_v raise_v against_o the_o king_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o king_n henry_n in_o normandy_n and_o commit_v to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n in_o warham-castle_n the_o year_n follow_v meredith_n a.d._n 1110_o ap_fw-mi blethyn_n detach_v a_o considerable_a party_n of_o his_o man_n to_o make_v incursion_n into_o the_o country_n of_o lhywarch_n ap_fw-mi trahaern_n ap_fw-mi gwyn_n who_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o himself_o and_o owen_n by_o reason_n that_o by_o his_o aid_n and_o instigation_n madawc_n be_v encourage_v to_o kill_v his_o uncle_n jorwerth_n and_o cadwgan_n these_o man_n as_o they_o pass_v through_o madawc_n country_n meet_v a_o person_n in_o the_o nighttime_n who_o belong_v to_o madawc_n who_o be_v ask_v where_o his_o master_n be_v after_o some_o pretence_n of_o ignorance_n at_o last_o through_o fear_n confess_v that_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o that_o place_n therefore_o lie_v quiet_o there_o all_o night_n by_o break_n of_o day_n they_o arise_v to_o look_v out_o their_o game_n and_o unexpected_o surpize_v madawc_n they_o fly_v a_o great_a number_n of_o his_o man_n and_o take_v himself_o prisoner_n and_o so_o carry_v he_o to_o their_o lord_n they_o deliver_v he_o up_o as_o the_o great_a honour_n of_o their_o expedition_n meredith_n be_v not_o a_o little_a proud_a of_o his_o prisoner_n and_o therefore_o to_o ingratiate_v himself_o the_o more_o with_o his_o nephew_n owen_n he_o commit_v he_o to_o safe_a custody_n till_o he_o be_v send_v for_o who_o come_v thither_o straight_o meredith_n deliver_v madawc_n up_o to_o he_o owen_n though_o he_o have_v the_o great_a reason_n for_o the_o most_o cruel_a revenge_n by_o reason_n that_o both_o his_o father_n and_o uncle_n be_v base_o murder_v by_o this_o madawc_n will_v not_o put_v he_o to_o death_n remember_v the_o intimate_a friendship_n and_o oath_n that_o have_v pass_v betwixt_o they_o but_o however_o to_o secure_v he_o from_o any_o future_a mischief_n he_o may_v practice_v he_o pull_v out_o his_o eye_n and_o then_o set_v he_o at_o liberty_n but_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o revenge_n by_o reason_n of_o his_o estate_n and_o strength_n in_o the_o country_n meredith_n and_o owen_n think_v fit_a to_o divide_v his_o land_n betwixt_o they_o which_o be_v caernarvon_n aberhiw_n with_o the_o three_o part_n of_o deuthwfyr_n these_o home-bread_n disturbance_n be_v pretty_a well_o abate_v a_o great_a storm_n arise_v from_o abroad_o for_o the_o a.d._n 1111_o next_o year_n king_n henry_n prepare_v a_o mighty_a army_n to_o enter_v into_o wales_n be_v provoke_v thereto_o by_o the_o request_n
to_o apprehend_v he_o but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n being_n aware_a of_o the_o trap_n lay_v against_o he_o send_v to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n desire_v his_o assistance_n and_o that_o he_o may_v have_v liberty_n to_o remain_v safe_a in_o his_o country_n which_o gruffydh_n for_o his_o father_n account_n ready_o grant_v and_o treat_v he_o honourable_o a_o little_a after_o his_o brother_n howel_n who_o be_v imprison_v by_o ardulph_n earl_n of_o pembroke_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n where_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o a_o great_a while_n make_v his_o escape_n and_o flee_v to_o his_o brother_n then_o with_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n in_o north-wales_n but_o king_n henry_n be_v inform_v that_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n be_v entertain_v by_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n send_v very_o smooth_a letter_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n desire_v to_o speak_v with_o he_o who_o be_v come_v he_o receive_v he_o with_o all_o the_o token_n of_o honour_n and_o friendship_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o very_o rich_a present_n just_a after_o the_o norman_a policy_n who_o usual_o make_v very_o much_o of_o those_o who_o they_o design_v afterward_o to_o be_v serviceable_a to_o they_o after_o some_o time_n be_v general_a discourse_n king_n henry_n come_v at_o length_n to_o the_o main_a point_n and_o promise_v the_o prince_n even_o mountain_n of_o gold_n in_o case_n he_o will_v send_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n or_o his_o head_n to_o he_o which_o the_o prince_n overcome_v by_o such_o fair_a word_n and_o large_a promise_n promise_v to_o perform_v and_o so_o return_v joyful_o home_o big_a with_o the_o expectation_n of_o his_o future_a reward_n but_o some_o who_o wish_v better_a to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o his_o brother_n howel_n present_o suspect_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o king_n message_n and_o therefore_o they_o advise_v they_o to_o withdraw_v themselves_o private_o for_o some_o time_n till_o prince_n gruffydh_n mind_n be_v better_o understand_v and_o whether_o he_o have_v make_v any_o agreement_n with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o betray_v they_o to_o he_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aberffraw_n he_o present_o inquire_v for_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o learning_n in_o a_o little_a time_n where_o he_o be_v he_o send_v a_o troop_n of_o horse_n to_o recall_n he_o to_o his_o court_n but_o gruffydh_n hear_v of_o their_o approach_n with_o all_o speed_n make_v his_o escape_n to_o the_o church_n of_o aberdaron_n and_o take_v sanctuary_n there_o but_o prince_n gruffydh_n be_v so_o resolute_a to_o make_v his_o promise_n good_a to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o without_o any_o respect_n to_o the_o religious_a place_n he_o have_v escape_v too_o command_v the_o same_o messenger_n to_o return_v and_o to_o bring_v he_o away_o by_o force_n which_o the_o clergy_n of_o the_o country_n unanimous_o withstand_v protest_v that_o they_o will_v not_o see_v the_o liberty_n of_o the_o church_n in_o the_o least_o infringe_v and_o whilst_o the_o clergy_n and_o the_o prince_n officer_n be_v thus_o at_o debate_n that_o same_o night_n some_o who_o have_v compassion_n upon_o the_o young_a prince_n and_o see_v how_o greedy_o his_o life_n be_v thirst_v for_o convey_v he_o away_o out_o of_o north-wales_n to_o straywy_a in_o south-wales_n and_o so_o be_v deliver_v from_o the_o treacherous_a and_o more_o dishonourable_a practice_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o north_n wales_n he_o be_v force_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o his_o own_o life_n to_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o force_n which_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v he_o make_v war_n upon_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n a.d._n 1113_o the_o next_o year_n he_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o stand_v over-against_o arberth_n and_o win_v the_o same_o make_v it_o plain_a with_o the_o ground_n and_o from_o thence_o march_v to_o lhanymdhyfry_n castle_n belonging_z to_z richard_z de_fw-fr pwn_n upon_o who_o the_o king_n have_v bestow_v cantref_o bychan_n but_o the_o garrison_n command_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rytherch_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n so_o manful_o defend_v it_o that_o gruffydh_n after_o kill_v only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o besiege_a and_o burn_v the_o outwork_n be_v force_v to_o remove_v with_o no_o small_a loss_n of_o his_o own_o men._n find_v this_o place_n impregnable_a he_o come_v before_o abertawy-castle_n which_o be_v build_v by_o henry_n beaumond_n earl_n of_o warwick_n but_o this_o prove_v too_o strong_a to_o be_v quick_o surrender_v after_o he_o have_v burn_v some_o of_o the_o outward_a building_n he_o return_v to_o stratywy_a burn_a and_o destroy_v all_o the_o country_n as_o he_o go_v along_o and_o now_o his_o fame_n be_v spread_v abroad_o through_o all_o the_o country_n all_o the_o wild_a and_o headstrong_a youth_n and_o they_o who_o fortune_n be_v desperate_a resort_v unto_o he_o from_o all_o part_n by_o which_o mean_v be_v wax_v strong_a and_o numerous_a he_o make_v in_o roads_n into_o ros_n and_o dyfe_v spoil_v and_o destroy_v the_o country_n before_o he_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n be_v cruel_o enrage_v with_o these_o continual_a depredation_n and_o how_o to_o remedy_v this_o mischief_n be_v not_o easy_o determine_v but_o after_o long_a consultation_n they_o think_v it_o the_o best_a way_n to_o call_v together_o such_o welsh_a lord_n as_o be_v friend_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n such_o be_v owen_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n and_o rhytherch_v ap_fw-mi theodore_n with_o his_o son_n meredith_n and_o owen_n who_o mother_n be_v heynyth_n the_o daughter_n of_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi confyn_n and_o owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o son_n of_o gwenlhian_n another_o daughter_n of_o blethyn_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n these_o protest_v their_o loyalty_n and_o fidelity_n to_o king_n henry_n be_v desire_v to_o defend_v the_o king_n castle_n of_o carmardhyn_n and_o that_o by_o turn_n owen_z ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o first_o fortnight_n and_o then_o by_o succession_n by_o rhytherch_n ap_fw-mi theodore_n and_o meredith_n the_o ap_fw-mi rhytherch_n owen_n undertake_v the_o defence_n of_o carmardhyn_n castle_n for_o the_o time_n require_v of_o he_o and_o blethyn_n ap_fw-mi gadifor_n have_v commit_v to_o he_o the_o government_n of_o abercomyn_n or_o abercorran-castle_n which_o appertain_v to_o robert_n courtmain_n but_o for_o all_o these_o preparation_n gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi râ—ys_fw-mi have_v a_o wishful_a eye_n upon_o carmardhyn_n and_o therefore_o he_o send_v out_o some_o spy_n to_o learn_v the_o strength_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o town_n who_o bring_v he_o a_o very_a kind_n and_o hopeful_a account_n he_o decamp_v by_o night_n and_o rush_v sudden_o into_o the_o town_n order_v his_o man_n to_o make_v a_o great_a shout_n thereby_o to_o strike_v a_o great_a terror_n into_o those_o within_o owen_n ap_fw-mi caradoc_n the_o governor_n be_v surprise_v with_o such_o a_o unexpected_a uproar_n make_v all_o possible_a haste_n to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o have_v hear_v the_o shout_n and_o think_v that_o his_o man_n be_v at_o his_o heel_n fall_v in_o among_o the_o enemy_n but_o have_v none_o to_o support_v he_o his_o man_n be_v all_o flee_v he_o be_v after_o a_o manful_a defence_n cut_v in_o piece_n and_o so_o the_o town_n be_v take_v gruffydh_n burn_v every_o thing_n to_o the_o ground_n except_v the_o castle_n which_o be_v also_o sore_o deface_v and_o then_o return_v with_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o spoil_n and_o booty_n to_o his_o usual_a residence_n at_o stratywy_a his_o force_n be_v considerable_o increase_v by_o the_o accession_n of_o many_o stout_a young_a man_n who_o come_v to_o he_o from_o all_o quarter_n and_o think_v that_o fortune_n so_o prosper_v his_o arm_n that_o no_o body_n be_v able_a to_o stand_v before_o he_o after_o this_o he_o march_v to_o gwyr_n but_o william_n de_fw-fr londres_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o stand_v before_o he_o forsake_v the_o castle_n with_o all_o his_o man_n in_o all_o haste_n so_o that_o when_o gruffydh_n be_v come_v thither_o he_o find_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o cattle_n and_o spoil_n and_o none_o to_o own_o they_o and_o therefore_o have_v burn_v down_o the_o castle_n he_o carry_v away_o every_o thing_n of_o value_n in_o the_o country_n when_o the_o cardiganshire_n man_n hear_v how_o fortunate_o he_o succeed_v in_o all_o his_o attempt_n and_o be_v extreme_o fearful_a lest_o his_o next_o expedition_n shall_v be_v against_o they_o send_v to_o he_o desire_v he_o as_o be_v their_o near_a relation_n and_o country_n man_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o rule_n and_o government_n over_o they_o gruffydh_fw-mi willing_o accept_v of_o their_o offer_n and_o come_v thither_o be_v joyful_o receive_v by_o the_o chief_a man_n in_o the_o country_n who_o be_v cadifor_n ap_fw-mi grono_n howel_n ap_fw-mi
each_o other_o but_o a.d._n 1142_o short_o after_o this_o a_o irreconcilable_a difference_n fall_v out_o betwixt_o anarawd_n son_n to_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n and_o his_o father_n in_o law_n cadwallader_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n and_o brother_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n which_o from_o word_n quick_o proceed_v to_o blow_n in_o this_o scuffle_n anarawd_n be_v unhappy_o slay_v which_o so_o exasperate_v prince_n owen_n against_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n that_o together_o with_o his_o son_n howel_n he_o march_v with_o a_o army_n into_o his_o brother_n country_n and_o after_o a_o considerable_a waste_n and_o destruction_n burn_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n cadwallader_n upon_o the_o news_n of_o prince_n owen_n approach_n withdraw_v himself_o and_o flee_v to_o ireland_n where_o have_v hire_v a_o great_a number_n of_o irish_a and_o scots_a for_o two_o thousand_o mark_n under_o the_o command_n of_o octer_n and_o the_o son_n of_o turkel_n and_o cherulf_n he_o strike_v sail_n for_o wales_n and_o land_v at_o abermenay_n in_o carnarvonshire_n the_o prince_n to_o protract_v no_o time_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o prevent_v their_o far_a progress_n into_o the_o country_n and_o both_o army_n be_v come_v in_o view_n of_o each_o other_o a_o peace_n be_v happy_o conclude_v betwixt_o the_o two_o brother_n the_o irish_a understanding_n this_o and_o how_o that_o their_o come_n over_o be_v like_a to_o prove_v but_o a_o fool_n be_v errant_a to_o they_o they_o surprise_v and_o secure_v cadwallader_n till_o their_o wage_n and_o arrear_n be_v pay_v who_o to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v to_o they_o two_o thousand_o head_n of_o cattle_n beside_o many_o prisoner_n and_o other_o booty_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o the_o country_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o prince_n be_v inform_v that_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n be_v set_v loose_a without_o any_o far_a demur_n upon_o the_o case_n he_o fall_v in_o upon_o the_o irish_a and_o have_v slay_v a_o very_a considerable_a number_n of_o they_o recover_v all_o the_o booty_n they_o purpose_v to_o ship_v off_o and_o force_v as_o many_o as_o can_v escape_v to_o return_v with_o great_a loss_n and_o a_o great_a shame_n back_o to_o ireland_n but_o the_o norman_n speed_v far_o better_a in_o wales_n hugh_n son_n to_o radulph_n earl_n of_o chester_n have_v fortify_v his_o castle_n of_o cymaron_n set_v upon_o and_o win_v the_o country_n of_o melienyth_n a_o second_o time_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o clun_n be_v fortify_v by_o another_o lord_n all_o eluel_n become_v subject_a to_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n take_v geoffrey_n mandeville_n prisoner_n at_o s._n alban_n where_o the_o earl_n of_o arundel_n by_o the_o slip_n of_o his_o horse_n be_v like_a to_o be_v drown_v in_o the_o river_n but_o the_o earl_n of_o mandeville_n to_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n deliver_v up_o to_o the_o king_n the_o tower_n of_o london_n with_o the_o castle_n of_o walden_n and_o plassey_n which_o reduce_v he_o to_o that_o condition_n that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o live_v upon_o the_o plunder_n and_o spoil_n of_o abbey_n and_o other_o religious_a house_n till_o at_o length_n he_o be_v slay_v in_o a_o skirmish_n against_o the_o king_n and_o his_o son_n banish_v the_o kingdom_n the_o next_o year_n a_o skirmish_n happen_v betwixt_o hugh_n a.d._n 1144_o de_fw-fr mortimer_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi howel_n wherein_o the_o latter_a be_v take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o other_o of_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v all_o commit_v to_o prison_n by_o the_o english_a but_o it_o fare_v much_o better_o with_o howel_n and_o conan_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n who_o have_v raise_v a_o army_n against_o the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n gain_v a_o considerable_a victory_n at_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v place_v a_o garrison_n in_o the_o town_n return_v home_o with_o great_a honour_n and_o much_o booty_n about_o the_o same_o time_n sulien_n ap_fw-mi rhythmarch_n one_o of_o the_o college_n of_o lhanbadarn_n and_o a_o person_n of_o great_a read_n and_o extensive_a learning_n depart_v this_o life_n short_o after_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n come_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o force_n to_o dyfed_a and_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n and_o the_o castle_n of_o the_o son_n of_o vchtryd_v hugh_n mortimer_n a.d._n 1145_o likewise_o slay_v meyric_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi riryd_n ap_fw-mi bleddu_n and_o meredic_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n and_o so_o far_o it_o go_v of_o the_o side_n of_o the_o english_a but_o now_o the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o gain_v ground_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south_n wales_n lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n belong_v to_o earl_n gilbert_n which_o be_v surrender_v up_o cadelh_n assist_v by_o his_o brethren_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n bring_v his_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o caermardhyn_n which_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n yield_v in_o like_a manner_n reserve_v only_o this_o one_o condition_n that_o the_o garrison_n shall_v not_o be_v put_v to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o he_o march_v to_o lhanstephan_n and_o set_v before_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o which_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n come_v with_o their_o force_n be_v shameful_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v and_o so_o the_o castle_n be_v easy_o deliver_v up_o to_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o norman_n be_v so_o cruel_o nettle_v at_o this_o that_o they_o muster_v up_o all_o the_o force_n they_o can_v possible_o draw_v together_o out_o of_o the_o neighbour_a country_n and_o unexpected_o surround_v the_o castle_n intend_v by_o all_o possible_a mean_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o but_o the_o governor_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o man_n of_o great_a year_n and_o no_o less_o experience_n so_o animate_v and_o encourage_v the_o besiege_v that_o when_o the_o norman_n and_o fleming_n venture_v to_o scale_v the_o wall_n they_o be_v bear_v back_o with_o such_o vigour_n and_o loss_n of_o their_o side_n that_o at_o length_n they_o be_v compel_v to_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o leave_v the_o welsh_a in_o possession_n of_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o run_v the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n of_o north-wales_n a_o youth_n of_o excellent_a hope_n and_o incomparable_a qualification_n dye_v who_o death_n his_o father_n take_v so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o for_o some_o time_n he_o seem_v to_o be_v past_o all_o comfort_n be_v fall_v into_o such_o a_o melancholy_a disposition_n that_o he_o be_v divert_v with_o nothing_o but_o retirement_n but_o a_o accident_n fall_v out_o which_o rouse_v he_o out_o of_o this_o lethargical_a fit_a of_o sorrow_n and_o discontent_n the_o castle_n of_o mould_n be_v so_o very_o strong_a and_o well_o garrison_v by_o the_o english_a that_o it_o mighty_o annoy_v the_o country_n thereabouts_o and_o have_v be_v frequent_o besiege_v but_o can_v never_o be_v take_v prince_n owen_n at_o this_o time_n levy_v a_o army_n and_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o it_o and_o the_o garrison_n for_o several_a assault_n behave_v itself_o so_o manful_o that_o the_o place_n seem_v impregnable_a and_o invincible_a but_o the_o presence_n and_o example_n of_o prince_n owen_n so_o encourage_v his_o man_n that_o they_o fall_v on_o with_o all_o possible_a vigour_n and_o may_v and_o at_o last_o force_v their_o entrance_n into_o the_o castle_n have_v put_v a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n and_o take_v the_o rest_n prisoner_n the_o castle_n be_v raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o this_o fortunate_a attempt_n so_o please_v the_o prince_n that_o he_o forget_v all_o sorrow_n for_o his_o son_n and_o return_v to_o his_o usual_a temper_n and_o accustom_a merriment_n at_o the_o same_o time_n king_n stephen_n of_o england_n obtain_v a_o remarkable_a victory_n over_o his_o enemy_n at_o farendon_n and_o although_o the_o ensue_a year_n rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n and_o he_o be_v reconcile_v yet_o he_o think_v it_o more_o adviseable_a to_o detain_v he_o prisoner_n though_o contrary_a to_o his_o promise_n until_o such_o time_n as_o the_o earl_n will_v deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n of_o lincoln_n with_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n in_o his_o custody_n a.d._n 1146_o the_o next_o year_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n ap_fw-mi theodor_n bring_v a_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o gwys_n but_o find_v themselves_o too_o weak_a to_o master_v it_o they_o desire_v howel_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n a_o person_n famous_o remarkable_a for_o martial_a endowment_n to_o come_v to_o their_o assistance_n howel_n who_o be_v ever_o very_o desirous_a to_o signalise_v himself_o and_o to_o evidence_n his_o valour_n to_o the_o world_n ready_o consent_v to_o their_o request_n and_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o march_v direct_o towards_o
gwys_n where_o be_v arrive_v he_o be_v joyful_o receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v by_o such_o lord_n as_o desire_v his_o help_n have_v view_v the_o strength_n and_o fortification_n of_o the_o castle_n he_o find_v it_o be_v impracticable_a to_o take_v the_o place_n without_o the_o wall_n can_v be_v destroy_v and_o therefore_o he_o give_v order_n that_o certain_a batter_a engine_n shall_v be_v provide_v whilst_o the_o rest_n shall_v gall_v and_o molest_v the_o besiege_v by_o throw_v of_o great_a stone_n into_o the_o castle_n the_o enemy_n perceive_v what_o irresistible_a preparation_n the_o besieger_n contrive_v think_v it_o to_o no_o purpose_n to_o withstand_v their_o fury_n and_o therefore_o to_o do_v that_o voluntary_o which_o must_v be_v do_v by_o compulsion_n they_o present_o yield_v up_o the_o castle_n short_o after_o this_o a_o great_a difference_n happen_v betwixt_o the_o son_n of_o prince_n owen_n howel_n and_o conan_n and_o their_o uncle_n cadwallader_n whereupon_o the_o former_a enter_v with_o a_o army_n into_o the_o country_n of_o merionyth_n and_o commit_v great_a waste_v and_o hostility_n there_o insomuch_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n flock_v into_o sanctuary_n to_o save_v their_o life_n but_o the_o young_a lord_n find_v what_o fearful_a and_o unstable_a condition_n the_o people_n be_v in_o and_o the_o better_a to_o draw_v they_o to_o their_o side_n issue_v out_o their_o proclamation_n assure_v that_o all_o who_o will_v favour_v their_o country_n shall_v not_o only_o enjoy_v their_o life_n but_o their_o former_a liberty_n and_o accustom_a privilege_n upon_o the_o publication_n of_o which_o edict_n the_o people_n return_v to_o their_o own_o habitation_n have_v by_o this_o stratagem_n bring_v all_o the_o country_n under_o their_o own_o pleasure_n and_o good_a will_n they_o lead_v their_o army_n before_o the_o castle_n of_o cynfael_n belong_v to_o cadwallader_n which_o he_o have_v build_v and_o strong_o fortify_v the_o government_n of_o this_o castle_n cadwallader_n have_v commit_v to_o merfyn_n abbot_n of_o tygwyn_n or_o the_o white-house_n who_o be_v summon_v to_o surrender_v by_o the_o brother_n howel_n and_o conan_n do_v not_o only_o refuse_v but_o defy_v their_o utmost_a effort_n upon_o the_o place_n the_o lord_n find_v they_o can_v do_v no_o good_a by_o threat_n and_o menace_n judge_v it_o more_o convenient_a to_o make_v use_n of_o the_o other_o extreme_a and_o therefore_o promise_v the_o abbot_n a_o very_a high_a reward_n if_o he_o will_v deliver_v the_o castle_n into_o their_o hand_n but_o all_o prove_v to_o no_o effect_n the_o abbot_n be_v a_o person_n of_o more_o honesty_n and_o great_a honour_n than_o to_o be_v corrupt_v to_o betray_v his_o trust_n tell_v they_o flat_o that_o he_o will_v not_o deceive_v his_o master_n expectation_n and_o therefore_o will_v choose_v rather_o to_o die_v with_o honour_n than_o to_o live_v with_o shame_n the_o lord_n find_v he_o inexorable_a and_o withal_o be_v vex_v that_o a_o churchman_n shall_v put_v such_o a_o stop_n to_o their_o fortunate_a proceed_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a assault_n upon_o the_o castle_n that_o after_o they_o have_v pull_v down_o some_o part_n of_o the_o wall_n they_o enter_v in_o by_o force_n and_o ravage_v so_o furious_o that_o they_o kill_v and_o wound_v the_o whole_a garrison_n the_o abbot_n only_o escape_v who_o by_o the_o help_n of_o some_o of_o his_o friend_n in_o howel_n army_n get_v away_o safe_a towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n several_a person_n of_o note_n depart_v this_o life_n among_o who_o be_v robert_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o gilbert_n earl_n of_o clare_n as_o also_o vchthryd_n bishop_n of_o llandaf_n a_o man_n of_o great_a piety_n and_o learning_n in_o who_o see_v succeed_v nicholas_n ab_fw-la gurgant_n a.d._n 1147_o the_o follow_a year_n also_o die_v bernard_n bishop_n of_o st._n david_n and_o be_v succeed_v by_o david_n fitzgerald_n a.d._n 1148_o then_o archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n sometime_o after_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n build_v a_o castle_n in_o yale_n call_v castelh_n y_o rodwyth_n and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n build_v another_o at_o lhanrystid_n and_o bestow_v his_o part_n of_o cardigan_n upon_o his_o son_n cadwgan_n also_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi blethyn_n found_v the_o castle_n of_o oswestry_n and_o give_v his_o nephew_n owen_n and_o meyric_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n his_o share_n of_o cyfeilioc_n a.d._n 1149_o the_o next_o year_n conan_n son_n to_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n for_o certain_a fault_n and_o miscarriage_n commit_v against_o his_o father_n though_o the_o particular_n be_v not_o discover_v be_v put_v in_o prison_n where_o for_o some_o time_n he_o continue_v in_o custody_n but_o it_o fare_v better_a with_o his_o brother_n howel_n who_o have_v make_v his_o uncle_n cadwallader_n his_o prisoner_n reduce_v all_o his_o country_n together_o with_o his_o castle_n subject_n to_o himself_o in_o south-wales_n some_o business_n of_o moment_n happen_v this_o year_n cadelh_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n have_v fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o carmardhyn_n march_v with_o his_o army_n towards_o cydwely_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o whole_a country_n and_o be_v return_v home_o join_v his_o army_n with_o his_o brother_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n who_o enter_v into_o the_o country_n of_o cardigan_n win_v that_o part_n call_v be_v aeron_n this_o be_v succeed_v by_o a_o action_n of_o great_a importance_n in_o north-wales_n some_o irreconcilable_a difference_n arise_v betwixt_o prince_n owen_n and_o rondel_n earl_n of_o chester_n quick_o break_v out_o into_o open_a war._n the_o earl_n make_v all_o the_o possible_a preparation_n the_o opportunity_n will_v permit_v and_o draw_v together_o a_o considerable_a army_n from_o all_o part_n of_o england_n and_o which_o strengthen_v and_o encourage_v he_o the_o more_o he_o be_v join_v by_o madoc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n prince_n of_o powy_n who_o disdain_v to_o hold_v his_o land_n of_o prince_n owen_n gwynedh_n choose_v rather_o to_o side_n with_o and_o abet_v his_o enemy_n the_o prince_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v not_o backward_o in_o his_o preparation_n and_o perceive_v the_o enemy_n to_o come_v upon_o he_o think_v it_o not_o advisable_v to_o suffer_v he_o to_o advance_v too_o far_o into_o the_o country_n but_o to_o stop_v and_o prevent_v his_o career_n before_o he_o shall_v take_v too_o firm_a a_o foot_n in_o his_o dominion_n to_o this_o end_n he_o march_v with_o his_o whole_a power_n as_o far_o as_o counsylht_v with_o full_a resolution_n to_o give_v the_o earl_n of_o chester_n battel_n which_o the_o english_a be_v glad_a of_o as_o think_v themselves_o far_o more_o numerous_a and_o much_o better_o arm_v and_o discipline_v than_o the_o welsh_a but_o both_o army_n have_v join_v battle_n they_o quick_o falter_v in_o their_o expectation_n of_o undoubted_a success_n and_o find_v the_o welsh_a to_o press_v so_o irresistible_o severe_a upon_o they_o they_o think_v it_o wise_a to_o retire_v and_o endeavour_v to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n but_o the_o welsh_a pursue_v they_o so_o hard_o that_o few_o escape_v without_o be_v either_o slay_v or_o take_v prisoner_n and_o they_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a commander_n who_o through_o the_o fleetness_n of_o their_o horse_n avoid_v the_o fury_n of_o their_o pursuer_n the_o next_o year_n the_o scene_n of_o action_n remove_v to_o a.d._n 1150_o south-wales_n cadelh_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v enter_v with_o a_o army_n into_o cardigan_n win_v all_o the_o country_n from_o howel_n the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n son_n except_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanfihangel_n in_o pengwern_n the_o siege_n of_o lhanrystyd_n castle_n prove_v so_o difficult_a and_o unmanagable_a that_o the_o young_a lord_n of_o south-wales_n lose_v a_o great_a part_n of_o their_o brave_a soldier_n before_o it_o which_o so_o trouble_v and_o vex_v they_o that_o when_o they_o get_v possession_n of_o the_o castle_n they_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n from_o thence_o they_o march_v to_o ystratmerric_n castle_n which_o after_o they_o have_v win_v man_v and_o refortified_n they_o disband_v their_o force_n and_o return_v home_o but_o cadelh_n the_o elder_a of_o the_o brother_n be_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o receive_v his_o last_o blow_n by_o treachery_n at_o home_n which_o he_o have_v escape_v from_o the_o enemy_n abroad_o for_o some_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o tenbigh_n in_o pembroke_n shire_n have_v conceive_v some_o displeasure_n and_o hatred_n against_o cadelh_n be_v resolve_v to_o revenge_v themselves_o and_o to_o lay_v a_o trap_n for_o his_o life_n and_o have_v observe_v what_o pleasure_n he_o take_v in_o hunt_v be_v resolve_v to_o execute_v their_o plot_n whilst_o he_o be_v hot_a and_o eager_a at_o his_o sport_n observe_v therefore_o one_o day_n how_o he_o go_v a_o hunt_n with_o only_a a_o few_o companion_n
as_o much_o as_o in_o he_o lay_v oppose_v send_v he_o to_o the_o king_n officer_n to_o be_v imprison_v at_o winchester_n from_o whence_o he_o quick_o find_v a_o way_n to_o escape_v and_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o brethren_n he_o return_v home_o to_o his_o country_n king_n henry_n continue_v all_o this_o while_n in_o normandy_n and_o during_o his_o stay_n there_o a_o match_n be_v conclude_v upon_o betwixt_o his_o son_n henry_n and_o margaret_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o france_n but_o this_o new_a alliance_n can_v not_o prevent_v these_o two_o monarch_n from_o a.d._n 1160_o fall_v at_o variance_n with_o each_o other_o which_o happen_v the_o year_n follow_v and_o thereupon_o king_n henry_n march_v with_o his_o army_n to_o gascoigne_n to_o quell_v certain_a rebel_n who_o upon_o first_o notice_n of_o this_o breach_n between_o both_o king_n be_v up_o in_o arm_n against_o the_o english_a but_o the_o next_o year_n a_o peace_n be_v again_o conclude_v and_o so_o all_o thing_n return_v to_o their_o former_a state_n of_o a.d._n 1161_o amity_n and_o quietness_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o wales_n for_o howel_n the_o son_n of_o jevaf_n ap_fw-mi cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi athlestlan_n glodryth_n have_v get_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o castle_n of_o walwern_n in_o cyfeilioc_n raze_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n which_o so_o incense_v prince_n owen_n who_o be_v owner_n of_o it_o that_o nothing_o can_v lay_v his_o fury_n till_o he_o have_v draw_v his_o force_n together_o and_o make_v a_o incursion_n into_o lhandhinam_n in_o arust_o howel_n country_n which_o he_o cruel_o harrass_v and_o carry_v away_o considerable_a booty_n the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n perceive_v these_o devastation_n of_o the_o north-wales_n man_n come_v together_o to_o the_o number_n of_o 300_o man_n offer_v their_o service_n to_o their_o natural_a lord_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jefaf_fw-mi who_o upon_o this_o addition_n of_o strength_n follow_v the_o enemy_n to_o the_o bank_n of_o severn_n where_o they_o be_v encamp_v prince_n owen_n find_v they_o to_o march_v after_o he_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o opportunity_n to_o be_v further_o revenge_v upon_o howel_n and_o so_o turn_v sudden_o upon_o they_o he_o slay_v about_o two_o hundred_o man_n the_o rest_n narrow_o escape_v with_o howel_n to_o the_o wood_n and_o rock_n owen_n be_v more_o joyful_a for_o the_o revenge_n he_o have_v take_v of_o howel_n than_o for_o any_o victory_n he_o have_v gain_v rebuilt_a walwern_n castle_n and_o have_v well_o fortify_v and_o man_v it_o return_v home_o to_o north-wales_n a.d._n 1162_o the_o year_n follow_v the_o like_a thing_n happen_v owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi meredith_n common_o call_v owen_n cyfeilioc_n o_o wynedh_n together_o with_o owen_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi howel_n set_v upon_o carrechofa_n castle_n near_o oswestry_n and_o have_v overpower_a the_o garrison_n commit_v great_a waste_n and_o destruction_n therein_o but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n a_o pleasant_a passage_n happen_v in_o england_n robert_n mountford_n and_o henry_n de_fw-fr essex_n who_o have_v both_o fight_v against_o the_o welsh_a upon_o the_o march_n and_o both_o run_v begin_v now_o to_o impeach_v each_o other_o as_o be_v the_o first_o occasion_n of_o fly_v the_o dispute_n be_v to_o be_v try_v by_o combat_n in_o which_o be_v engage_v henry_n be_v overcome_v and_o for_o his_o false_a accuse_v of_o robert_n he_o be_v sentence_v to_o have_v his_o estate_n forfeit_v and_o then_o have_v his_o crown_n shear_v he_o be_v enter_v a_o monk_n at_o redding_n within_o a_o little_a after_o king_n henry_n calling_z to_o mind_n what_o prince_n rhys_n have_v commit_v during_o his_o absence_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n draw_v up_o a_o great_a army_n against_o south-wales_n and_o have_v march_v as_o far_o as_o pencadyr_n near_o brecknock_n rhys_n meet_v he_o and_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o hostage_n for_o his_o future_a behaviour_n stop_v the_o king_n far_a progress_n so_o that_o thence_o he_o return_v to_o england_n but_o after_o the_o king_n departure_n two_o very_a unlucky_a accident_n happen_v in_o wales_n eineon_n the_o son_n of_o anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi nephew_n to_o prince_n rhys_n be_v villainous_o murder_v in_o his_o bed_n by_o his_o own_o servant_n called_z walter_z ap_fw-mi lhywarch_n as_o also_o cadwgan_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n in_o like_a manner_n by_o one_o walter_z ap_fw-mi riccart_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o nephew_n prince_n rhys_n make_v up_o by_o possess_v himself_o of_o that_o large_a country_n call_v cantref_o maâ—r_a and_o the_o land_n of_o dynefowr_n which_o he_o afterward_o enjoy_v of_o man_n of_o learning_n there_o die_v this_o year_n cadifor_n ap_fw-mi daniel_n archdeacon_n of_o cardigan_n and_o henry_n ap_fw-mi arthen_n the_o great_a scholar_n that_o have_v flourish_v in_o wales_n for_o many_o year_n the_o next_o year_n a_o total_a rupture_n break_v forth_o betwixt_o a.d._n 1163_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a prince_n rhys_n a_o man_n of_o a_o active_a and_o uncontrollable_a spirit_n be_v now_o experimental_o sensible_a he_o can_v never_o carry_v on_o the_o greatness_n and_o grandeur_n of_o his_o quality_n with_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n of_o england_n have_v allot_v he_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o the_o lordship_n of_o roger_n de_fw-fr acre_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n be_v move_v thereto_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o nephew_n anarawd_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi be_v murder_v by_o his_o motive_n and_o instigation_n be_v advance_v with_o a_o strong_a army_n into_o the_o earl_n of_o glocester_n estate_n without_o any_o great_a opposition_n he_o take_v aberheidol_n castle_n with_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o son_n of_o wyhyaon_n all_o which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n thence_o he_o march_v to_o cardigan_n bring_v all_o that_o country_n under_o his_o subjection_n and_o from_o thence_o he_o march_v against_o the_o fleming_n who_o country_n he_o cruel_o harass_v with_o fire_n and_o sword_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o estate_n of_o wales_n perceive_v prince_n rhys_n to_o prosper_v so_o successful_o against_o the_o english_a think_v they_o may_v equal_o succeed_v and_o shake_v off_o the_o english_a yoke_n which_o so_o unreasonable_o oppress_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o unanimous_o agree_v to_o cast_v off_o their_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a who_o tyranny_n they_o can_v no_o long_o bear_v and_o to_o put_v over_o they_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n who_o superiority_n they_o can_v better_o tolerate_v and_o so_o this_o year_n conclude_v with_o make_v suitable_a preparation_n for_o the_o follow_a campaign_n a.d._n 1164_o and_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o time_n of_o year_n for_o action_n be_v advance_v david_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n fall_v upon_o flintshire_n which_o pertain_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o carry_v off_o all_o the_o people_n and_o cattle_n with_o he_o bring_v they_o to_o dyffryn_n clwyd_n otherwise_o ruthyn_n land_n king_n henry_n understand_v this_o gather_v together_o his_o force_n and_o with_o all_o speed_n march_v to_o defend_v both_o his_o subject_n and_o town_n from_o the_o incursion_n and_o depredation_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v come_v to_o ruthlan_n and_o encamp_v there_o three_o day_n he_o quick_o perceive_v he_o can_v do_v no_o great_a matter_n by_o reason_n that_o his_o army_n be_v not_o sufficient_o numerous_a and_o therefore_o he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n and_o to_o augment_v his_o force_n before_o he_o shall_v attempt_v any_o thing_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o according_o he_o levy_v the_o most_o choose_a man_n throughout_o all_o his_o dominion_n of_o england_n normandy_n anjou_n gascoin_n and_o gwien_n beside_o those_o succour_n from_o flanders_n and_o britain_n and_o then_o set_v forward_o for_o north-wales_n purpose_v to_o destroy_v without_o mercy_n every_o live_a thing_n he_o can_v possible_o meet_v with_o and_o be_v advance_v as_o far_o as_o croes-oswalt_n call_v oswestry_n he_o encamp_v there_o on_o the_o other_o side_n prince_z owen_z and_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n with_o all_o the_o strength_n of_o north-wales_n prince_n rhys_n with_o those_o of_o south-wales_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n with_o all_o the_o power_n of_o powy_n the_o two_o son_n of_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi ednerth_n with_o the_o people_n live_v betwixt_o the_o river_n of_o severn_n and_o wye_n meet_v together_o and_o pitch_v their_o camp_n at_o corwen_n in_o edeyrneon_n intend_v unanimous_o to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n understanding_n that_o they_o be_v so_o near_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o come_v to_o battle_n and_o to_o that_o end_n he_o remove_v to_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n ceireoc_n cause_v all_o the_o wood_n thereabouts_o to_o be_v cut_v down_o for_o fear_v of_o
any_o ambushment_n lurk_v therein_o and_o for_o a_o more_o clear_a prospect_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o some_o of_o the_o welsh_a take_v advantage_n of_o this_o opportunity_n who_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o passage_n without_o the_o knowledge_n of_o their_o officer_n fall_v upon_o the_o king_n guard_n where_o all_o the_o pike-man_n be_v post_v and_o after_o a_o hot_a skirmish_n several_z be_v slay_v on_o both_o side_n but_o in_o fine_a the_o king_n win_v the_o passage_n and_o so_o march_v on_o to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwyn_n where_o he_o lie_v sometime_o without_o any_o hostility_n on_o either_o side_n both_o army_n stand_v in_o fear_n of_o each_o other_o the_o english_a keep_v the_o open_a plain_n and_o be_v afraid_a to_o be_v entrap_v in_o the_o strait_n and_o narrow_a passage_n and_o the_o welsh_a on_o the_o other_o hand_n watch_v the_o advantage_n of_o the_o place_n and_o observe_v the_o english_a so_o narrow_o that_o neither_o forage_v or_o victual_n can_v pass_v to_o the_o king_n camp_n and_o what_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o english_a army_n there_o happen_v to_o fall_v such_o a_o rain_n that_o mighty_o disturb_v their_o encampment_n in_o so_o much_o that_o the_o soldier_n can_v scarce_o stand_v for_o the_o disadvantage_n of_o those_o slippery_a hill_n but_o in_o the_o end_n king_n henry_n be_v force_v to_o decamp_v and_o after_o a_o very_a considerable_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o ammunition_n beside_o the_o great_a charge_n of_o this_o expedition_n be_v compel_v to_o return_v back_o to_o england_n but_o to_o express_v the_o great_a dissatisfaction_n he_o entertain_v of_o this_o enterprise_n in_o a_o great_a fury_n he_o pluck_v out_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o hostage_n which_o he_o have_v some_o time_n afore_o receive_v from_o the_o welsh_a which_o be_v rhys_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n and_o cynric_n and_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o rhys_n of_o south-wales_n some_o write_v that_o in_o assail_a of_o a_o bridge_n the_o king_n be_v in_o no_o small_a danger_n of_o his_o life_n one_o of_o the_o welsh_a have_v aim_v direct_o at_o he_o be_v like_a to_o pierce_v he_o through_o the_o body_n have_v not_o hubert_n de_fw-fr clare_n constable_n of_o colchester_n who_o perceive_v the_o arrow_n a_o come_n thrust_v himself_o betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o it_o though_o to_o the_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o life_n but_o though_o king_n henry_n be_v shameful_o force_v to_o return_v to_o england_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o give_v over_o the_o thought_n of_o subdue_a the_o welsh_a and_o therefore_o after_o a_o long_a consultation_n he_o make_v a_o three_o expedition_n into_o wales_n convey_v his_o army_n by_o sea_n as_o far_o as_o chester_n there_o he_o stay_v for_o some_o time_n till_o all_o his_o fleet_n as_o well_o those_o ship_n that_o he_o have_v hire_v out_o of_o ireland_n as_o his_o own_o be_v all_o arrive_v but_o when_o they_o be_v all_o come_v together_o and_o get_v safe_o to_o chester_n his_o mind_n be_v alter_v and_o instead_o of_o a_o design_n against_o wales_n he_o unexpected_o dismiss_v his_o whole_a army_n prince_n rhys_n be_v glad_a of_o this_o opportunity_n and_o therefore_o withdraw_a his_o force_n from_o the_o confederate_a army_n he_o march_v to_o the_o siege_n of_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o be_v surrender_v to_o he_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n from_o thence_o he_o get_v before_o cilgerran_n which_o he_o use_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o therein_o take_v prisoner_n robert_n the_o son_n of_o stephen_n his_o cousin-german_a who_o be_v the_o son_n of_o nest_n his_o aunt_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o gerald_n have_v marry_v stephen_n constable_n the_o joy_n of_o these_o happy_a success_n on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o welsh_a be_v somewhat_o cloud_v by_o the_o death_n of_o lhewelyn_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o person_n of_o great_a worth_n and_o exceed_o well_o belove_v of_o all_o his_o country_n a.d._n 1165_o and_o now_o the_o welsh_a be_v something_o secure_a from_o any_o invasion_n from_o the_o english_a there_o rise_v up_o another_o enemy_n to_o create_v they_o disturbance_n the_o fleming_n and_o norman_n find_v the_o english_a to_o fail_v in_o their_o attempt_n against_o the_o welsh_a think_v they_o may_v with_o better_a success_n quell_v and_o subdue_v they_o and_o therefore_o they_o come_v to_o west-wales_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n which_o rhys_n have_v late_o fortify_v but_o after_o two_o different_a assault_n they_o be_v manful_o beat_v back_o and_o force_v to_o depart_v home_o again_o but_o what_o the_o fleming_n can_v not_o effect_v against_o the_o welsh_a in_o south-wales_n the_o welsh_a easy_o bring_v about_o against_o the_o english_a in_o north-wales_n for_o prince_n owen_n have_v besiege_v basingwerk_n castle_n then_o in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n without_o much_o time_n spend_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o but_o it_o be_v always_o the_o misfortune_n of_o the_o welsh_a that_o when_o they_o find_v themselves_o secure_a from_o any_o enemy_n abroad_o they_o be_v sure_a to_o quarrel_v and_o fall_v out_o at_o home_n though_o indeed_o it_o can_v not_o be_v well_o otherwise_o expect_v where_o so_o many_o petty_a state_n endeavour_v still_o to_o surmount_v and_o outvie_v one_o another_o and_o now_o when_o all_o thing_n go_v very_o successful_o of_o their_o side_n in_o opposition_n to_o the_o english_a two_o ambitious_a person_n begin_v to_o kindle_v a_o flame_n in_o their_o own_o bosom_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi maredith_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o owen_n fychan_n second_o son_n to_o madawc_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n forcible_o dispossess_v jorwerth_n goch_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o powy_n which_o they_o divide_v betwixt_o themselves_o mochnant_n vwch_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o mochnant_n be_v rayadr_n to_o owen_n fychan_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n can_v not_o brook_v this_o injury_n do_v to_o jorwerth_n goch_n and_o therefore_o a.d._n 1166_o owen_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n with_o his_o brother_n cadwallader_n and_o rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n go_v with_o a_o army_n into_o powy_n against_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n and_o have_v chase_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n they_o bestow_v caereneon_n upon_o owen_n fychan_n to_o hold_v it_o of_o prince_n owen_n and_o rhys_n have_v walwern_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o lay_v near_o his_o own_o territory_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n return_v with_o a_o numerous_a band_n of_o norman_n and_o english_a along_o with_o he_o and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o caereneon_n which_o he_o burn_v to_o the_o ground_n but_o the_o loss_n of_o this_o place_n be_v make_v up_o by_o the_o take_n of_o ruthlan_n castle_n which_o owen_n rhys_n and_o cadwallader_n joint_o besiege_v and_o which_o be_v so_o strong_o fortify_v and_o so_o manful_o defend_v that_o it_o cost_v they_o three_o month_n before_o they_o can_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o place_n afterward_o they_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o prestatyn_n and_o reduce_v the_o whole_a country_n of_o tegengl_n subject_n to_o prince_n owen_n and_o then_o return_v home_o to_o their_o respective_a dominion_n and_o from_o henceforward_o nothing_o of_o moment_n be_v transact_v during_o the_o remainder_n of_o prince_n owen_n reign_n a.d._n 1167_o only_a his_o son_n conan_n most_o unmerciful_o slay_v vrgeney_n abbot_n of_o lhwythlawr_n together_o with_o his_o nephew_n lhawthen_n but_o a_o little_a after_o prince_n rhys_n of_o south-wales_n a.d._n 1168_o release_v out_o of_o prison_n his_o nephew_n robert_n son_n to_o stephen_n constable_n who_o as_o be_v say_v before_o he_o have_v take_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o calgarran_n castle_n and_o send_v he_o to_o ireland_n to_o the_o aid_n of_o dermot_n the_o son_n of_o murchart_n king_n of_o linster_n who_o be_v then_o in_o actual_a war_n with_o the_o king_n of_o leimster_n with_o he_o and_o his_o brother_n morris_n fitz-gerald_n and_o their_o nephew_n robert_n meyler_n and_o raymond_n go_v over_o a_o strong_a detachment_n of_o welshman_n under_o the_o command_n of_o richard_n strongbow_n earl_n of_o strigule_n who_o be_v the_o chief_a motive_n of_o the_o conquest_n of_o ireland_n when_o it_o be_v first_o bring_v in_o subjection_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n a.d._n 1169_o but_o the_o next_o year_n owen_n gwynedh_n son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n depart_v this_o life_n in_o the_o two_o and_o thirty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v a_o wise_a and_o a_o valorous_a prince_n ever_o fortunate_a and_o victorious_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n insomuch_o as_o he_o never_o undertake_v any_o design_n but_o what_o he_o accomplish_v he_o have_v by_o different_a woman_n several_a issue_n who_o get_v themselves_o great_a esteem_n
companion_n and_o slay_v they_o to_o a_o man._n king_n henry_n be_v implacable_o enrage_v at_o this_o news_n and_o so_o cruel_o incense_v that_o he_o present_o raise_v and_o draw_v together_o all_o his_o power_n and_o come_v to_o worcester_n intend_v to_o march_v forward_o to_o wales_n and_o to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n country_n but_o the_o lord_n rhys_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi a_o subtle_a and_o a_o politic_a prince_n think_v it_o impossible_a to_o withstand_v the_o english_a army_n and_o fear_v the_o king_n puissance_n which_o he_o perceive_v to_o be_v so_o implacable_o bend_v against_o the_o welsh_a go_v in_o person_n to_o worcester_n and_o swear_v fealty_n to_o the_o king_n become_v his_o perpetual_a liegeman_n and_o for_o the_o due_a observance_n of_o this_o contract_n he_o promise_v to_o send_v his_o son_n and_o nephew_n for_o pledge_n but_o when_o he_o will_v have_v persuade_v they_o to_o answer_v his_o request_n the_o young_a man_n consider_v with_o themselves_o how_o former_a pledge_n have_v not_o be_v very_o genteely_a treat_v by_o the_o english_a refuse_v to_o go_v and_o so_o the_o whole_a matter_n rest_v for_o that_o time_n what_o become_v of_o the_o matter_n afterward_o we_o know_v not_o but_o probable_a it_o be_v that_o king_n henry_n return_v to_o england_n satisfy_v with_o rhy_n submission_n for_o we_o hear_v no_o more_o of_o his_o come_n to_o wales_n and_o so_o the_o country_n remain_v quiet_a and_o undisturbed_a for_o a_o long_a time_n till_o at_o length_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o fall_v to_o their_o wont_a method_n of_o kill_v and_o murder_v one_o another_o a.d._n 1186_o cadwallader_n prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v private_o murder_v in_o west-wales_n and_o bury_v in_o the_o tie_v gwyn_n and_o the_o year_n follow_v owen_n fychan_n the_o son_n of_o madawe_n a.d._n 1187_o ap_fw-mi meredith_n be_v slay_v by_o night_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o carrergova_n near_o oswestry_n by_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o cadwalhon_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n but_o what_o be_v most_o unnatural_a of_o all_o lhewelyn_n who_o father_n cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v late_o murder_v by_o the_o englishman_n be_v take_v by_o his_o own_o brother_n who_o very_o barbarous_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n about_o the_o same_o time_n baldwyn_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n be_v attend_v by_o giraldus_n cambrensis_fw-la take_v a_o progress_n into_o wales_n be_v the_o first_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n that_o visit_v that_o country_n who_o authority_n the_o clergy_n of_o wales_n in_o vain_a oppose_v though_o they_o stiff_o allege_v the_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o their_o metropolitan_a church_n of_o s._n david_n in_o this_o visitation_n describe_v by_o giraldus_n in_o his_o itinerarium_fw-la cambriae_fw-la he_o persuade_v many_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o those_o prevail_a enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o saracen_n to_o who_o prevail_a greatness_n jerusalem_n itself_o be_v now_o in_o great_a danger_n a.d._n 1188_o to_o become_v subject_a the_o archbishop_n have_v leave_v the_o country_n maelgon_n the_o son_n of_o lord_n rhys_n bring_v all_o his_o power_n against_o tenbigh_n and_o have_v by_o force_n make_v himself_o master_n of_o it_o burn_v the_o whole_a town_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o carry_v away_o very_o considerable_a spoil_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o civil_a behaviour_n and_o easy_a access_n of_o so_o comely_a personage_n and_o honesty_n in_o all_o his_o action_n that_o he_o attract_v the_o most_o earnest_a love_n and_o affection_n of_o all_o his_o friend_n by_o which_o mean_n he_o become_v very_o terrible_a and_o formidable_a to_o his_o enemy_n especial_o the_o flemings_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v divers_a victory_n and_o conquest_n the_o next_o year_n be_v the_o year_n of_o christ_n 1189._o a.d._n 1189_o henry_n the_o second_o surname_v courtmantel_n king_n of_o england_n die_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o fonteverard_n after_o who_o his_o son_n richard_n call_v curdelyon_n be_v by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o the_o peer_n and_o nobility_n of_o england_n crown_v in_o his_o place_n prince_n rhys_n be_v thus_o deprive_v of_o his_o great_a friend_n think_v it_o his_o wise_a way_n to_o make_v the_o best_a provision_n he_o can_v for_o himself_o by_o enlarge_a his_o dominion_n and_o extend_v the_o bound_n of_o his_o present_a territory_n and_o therefore_o have_v raise_v all_o the_o strength_n he_o can_v he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o seynclere_n abercorran_n and_o lhanstephan_n and_o have_v take_v and_o commit_v to_o prison_n maelgw_v his_o son_n who_o be_v the_o great_a thorn_n in_o his_o side_n as_o one_o that_o be_v most_o passionate_o belove_v by_o the_o south-wales_n man_n he_o bring_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o his_o subjection_n then_o he_o build_v the_o castle_n of_o cydwely_n but_o a.d._n 1190_o what_o take_v away_o from_o he_o the_o joy_n of_o all_o this_o good_a fortune_n he_o lose_v his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n a_o woman_n of_o such_o incomparable_a beauty_n and_o exceed_v in_o all_o feminine_a qualification_n that_o she_o be_v account_v the_o fair_a and_o best_a accomplish_a lady_n in_o all_o the_o country_n and_o not_o long_o after_o she_o die_v gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n a.d._n 1191_o a_o man_n of_o great_a prudence_n and_o experience_n and_o one_o that_o excel_v all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o time_n in_o hospitality_n and_o all_o other_o act_n of_o generosity_n and_o liberality_n his_o corpse_n be_v carry_v to_o myfod_n and_o honourable_o inter_v there_o be_v attend_v by_o most_o of_o the_o person_n of_o quality_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n he_o have_v issue_n by_o his_o wife_n angharad_n daughter_n of_o owen_n gwynedh_n prince_n of_o north-wales_n a_o son_n call_v madawc_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n call_v from_o he_o powy_n fadawc_n rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n be_v grow_v very_o powerful_a and_o have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o great_a part_n of_o south-wales_n only_o with_o some_o few_o place_n more_o dynefowr_n hold_v out_o still_o which_o however_o upon_o the_o first_o assault_n he_o make_v against_o it_o be_v deliver_v up_o to_o he_o but_o as_o he_o increase_v 〈◊〉_d â—he_v number_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n he_o have_v the_o misfortune_n to_o have_v that_o of_o his_o child_n diminish_v for_o his_o daughter_n gwenlhian_n be_v late_o decease_v and_o now_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o get_v dynefowr_a castle_n into_o his_o possession_n but_o his_o son_n owen_n die_v at_o strata_n florida_n or_o ystratflur_v king_n richard_n be_v go_v to_o the_o holy_a land_n against_o the_o saracen_n but_o in_o his_o return_n to_o england_n he_o win_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cyprus_n and_o give_v it_o to_o gwido_n king_n of_o jerusalem_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v resign_v his_o former_a title_n to_o he_o during_o his_o stay_n in_o this_o island_n he_o marry_v berengaria_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o navarr_n a.d._n 1192_o maeâ—gon_n prince_n rhy_n son_n have_v be_v now_o detain_v a_o long_a time_n in_o prison_n where_o his_o father_n have_v shut_v he_o up_o but_o be_v at_o last_o utter_o weary_a of_o such_o a_o close_a confinement_n he_o find_v some_o mean_n or_o other_o to_o get_v out_o and_o to_o make_v his_o escape_n his_o father_n prince_n rhys_n be_v not_o so_o trouble_v at_o his_o be_v break_v out_o and_o that_o he_o have_v get_v his_o liberty_n as_o to_o give_v over_o the_o conquest_n which_o all_o this_o while_n he_o have_v go_v so_o furious_o on_o with_o but_o lay_v siege_n to_o lhanhayaden_a castle_n he_o take_v it_o without_o any_o great_a opposition_n and_o bring_v all_o the_o country_n about_o to_o his_o subjection_n and_o what_o favour_v he_o more_o in_o his_o attempt_n against_o the_o english_a king_n richard_z a.d._n 1193_o have_v most_o brave_o signalise_v himself_o against_o the_o infidel_n in_o his_o return_n home_o through_o austria_n be_v take_v prisoner_n by_o duke_n leopold_n who_o present_v he_o to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n who_o demand_v 200000_o mark_n for_o his_o ransom_n lay_v to_o his_o charge_n that_o he_o have_v spoil_v and_o plunder_v the_o island_n of_o sicily_n in_o his_o voyage_n to_o the_o holy_a land_n and_o as_o rhys_n take_v the_o advantage_n of_o king_n richard_n absence_n to_o subject_n south-wales_n so_o roderic_n brother_n to_o david_n prince_n of_o north_n wales_n make_v use_v of_o gothrike'_v the_o king_n of_o man_n help_n to_o get_v the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n to_o himself_o and_o eject_v his_o brother_n and_o therefore_o enter_v into_o anglâ—sey_n he_o quick_o reduce_v the_o whole_a island_n to_o his_o subjection_n but_o he_o do_v not_o enjoy_v it_o long_o for_o before_o the_o year_n be_v over_o the_o son_n of_o his_o brother_n conan_n come_v with_o a_o army_n against_o he_o and_o force_v he_o together_o with_o the_o
ensue_a year_n prince_n rhys_n levy_v a_o great_a army_n who_o first_o attempt_n be_v upon_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o caermadthyn_n both_o which_o he_o take_v in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o destroy_v and_o then_o return_v with_o considerable_a booty_n not_o long_o after_o he_o lead_v the_o say_a army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o invest_v the_o castle_n of_o clun_n which_o be_v not_o so_o easy_o take_v as_o the_o former_a for_o this_o cost_v he_o a_o long_a siege_n and_o many_o a_o fierce_a assault_n and_o therefore_o to_o be_v revenge_v of_o it_o when_o he_o take_v it_o he_o lay_v it_o in_o ash_n thence_o he_o proceed_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o radnor_n which_o he_o likewise_o wan_a but_o immediate_o after_o it_o cost_v he_o a_o bloody_a battle_n for_o he_o be_v no_o soon_o master_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o hugh_n de_fw-fr say_n come_v with_o a_o numerous_a and_o well-disciplined_a army_n consist_v of_o norman_n and_o english_a to_o the_o relief_n of_o it_o whereupon_o prince_n rhys_n think_v it_o not_o his_o best_a course_n to_o confine_v his_o man_n within_o the_o wall_n lead_v they_o up_o into_o a_o champion_n ground_n hard_a by_o and_o there_o like_o a_o valiant_a prince_n resolve_v to_o give_v his_o enemy_n battle_n though_o they_o have_v much_o the_o advantage_n of_o he_o for_o his_o man_n be_v neither_o so_o well_o arm_v nor_o so_o much_o accustom_v to_o battle_n as_o the_o other_o be_v however_o their_o courage_n make_v amends_o for_o their_o arm_n and_o their_o leader_n prudence_n and_o conduct_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o their_o discipline_n for_o they_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v honourable_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n than_o shameful_o to_o survive_v the_o loss_n of_o it_o and_o therefore_o they_o attack_v their_o enemy_n so_o valiant_o that_o they_o be_v not_o long_o able_a to_o withstand_v their_o force_n but_o quit_v the_o field_n in_o great_a disorder_n leave_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n behind_o they_o slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n and_o prince_n rhys_n pursue_v they_o so_o warm_o that_o they_o be_v glad_a of_o the_o shelter_n of_o the_o night_n to_o protect_v they_o from_o his_o fury_n after_o this_o victory_n he_o besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o payne_n in_o elfel_n which_o he_o easy_o take_v and_o keep_v in_o his_o own_o hand_n till_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n the_o owner_n thereof_o come_v to_o he_o and_o humble_o desire_a peace_n of_o he_o which_o he_o grant_v he_o and_o withal_o deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n again_o not_o long_o after_o the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n who_o king_n richard_n have_v substitute_v his_o lieutenant_n in_o england_n march_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n towards_o wales_n and_o besiege_n the_o castle_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n at_o the_o pool_n but_o the_o garrison_n make_v such_o a_o vigorous_a defence_n that_o he_o lose_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n and_o all_o his_o attempt_n prove_v ineffectual_a therefore_o he_o send_v for_o some_o pyoneer_n who_o he_o order_v to_o undermine_v the_o wall_n which_o when_o the_o besiege_v understand_v they_o bethink_v of_o secure_v themselves_o on_o the_o most_o honourable_a term_n they_o can_v they_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o put_v themselves_o to_o the_o hazard_n of_o a_o battle_n for_o their_o enemy_n be_v thrice_o their_o number_n therefore_o they_o propose_v to_o surrender_v up_o the_o castle_n on_o condition_n they_o shall_v carry_v off_o all_o their_o arm_n along_o with_o they_o which_o offer_v the_o archbishop_n accept_v of_o and_o so_o permit_v the_o garrison_n to_o march_v out_o quiet_o then_o fortify_v the_o castle_n for_o the_o king_n use_n and_o put_v a_o strong_a garrison_n in_o it_o for_o its_o defence_n he_o return_v again_o to_o england_n but_o gwenwynwyn_n be_v not_o so_o willing_a to_o part_v from_o his_o castle_n as_o never_o to_o attempt_v the_o recovery_n of_o it_o therefore_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o understand_v that_o the_o archbishop_n be_v go_v back_o he_o immediate_o besiege_v it_o and_o short_o after_o receive_v it_o on_o the_o same_o term_n that_o his_o man_n have_v deliver_v it_o up_o and_o afterward_o keep_v it_o for_o his_o own_o use_n a.d._n 1197_o the_o follow_a year_n there_o break_v out_o a_o terrible_a plague_n which_o spread_v over_o all_o britain_n and_o france_n and_o carry_v off_o a_o great_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n beside_o common_a people_n this_o year_n likewise_o die_v the_o valiant_a rhys_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n the_o only_a stay_n and_o defence_n of_o that_o part_n of_o wales_n for_o he_o it_o be_v that_o get_v they_o their_o liberty_n and_o secure_v it_o to_o they_o he_o often_o very_o ready_o expose_v his_o own_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o they_o and_o their_o country_n general_o he_o get_v the_o better_a of_o his_o enemy_n and_o at_o last_o either_o bring_v they_o entire_o under_o his_o subjection_n or_o force_v they_o to_o quit_v their_o country_n he_o be_v no_o less_o illustrious_a for_o his_o virtuous_a endowment_n than_o for_o his_o valour_n and_o extraction_n so_o that_o it_o be_v with_o good_a reason_n that_o the_o british_a bard_n and_o other_o write_v so_o honourable_o of_o he_o and_o so_o mighty_o deplore_v his_o death_n to_o this_o prince_n be_v bear_v many_o son_n and_o daughter_n whereof_o his_o elder_a son_n gruffydh_n succeed_v he_o the_o other_o be_v cadwalhon_n maelgon_n meredith_n and_o rhys_n of_o his_o daughter_n one_o call_v gwenthtan_n be_v marry_v to_o ednyfed_a fychaâ—_n ancestor_n to_o owen_n tudor_n that_o marry_v kitharine_n queen-dowager_n to_o king_n henry_n the_o five_o and_o the_o rest_n be_v very_o well_o match_v with_o some_o of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o country_n prince_n gruffydh_n be_v settle_v in_o the_o government_n of_o his_o country_n do_v not_o long_o enjoy_v it_o peaceable_o for_o his_o troublesome_a brother_n maelgon_n think_v it_o now_o a_o fit_a time_n to_o endeavour_v the_o recovery_n of_o the_o inheritance_n his_o father_n have_v deprive_v he_o of_o to_o this_o purpose_n he_o make_v a_o league_n with_o gwenwynwyn_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o powy_n and_o by_o their_o joint_a interest_n get_v together_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n wherewith_o they_o surprise_a prince_n gruffydh_n at_o aberystwyth_n who_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o man_n they_o take_v prisoner_n thus_o maelgon_n effectual_o accomplish_v his_o design_n in_o the_o recovery_n of_o the_o castle_n and_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o cardigan_n his_o unfortunate_a brother_n he_o commit_v to_o the_o custody_n of_o his_o spiteful_a confederate_a gwenwynwyn_n who_o immediate_o out_o of_o malice_n deliver_v he_o up_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n the_o english_a after_o this_o gwenwynâ—yn_n have_v get_v together_o a_o army_n enter_v arust_o and_o bring_v it_o to_o his_o subjection_n david_n ap_fw-mi owen_n who_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v forâ—ed_v to_o quit_v his_o usurpation_n of_o the_o principality_n of_o north-wales_n have_v hitherto_o live_v quiet_o and_o peaceable_o not_o so_o much_o out_o of_o kindness_n to_o his_o nephew_n as_o because_o he_o know_v not_o how_o to_o redress_v himself_o but_o now_o have_v get_v a_o great_a army_n of_o english_a and_o welsh_a he_o use_v his_o utmost_a effort_n to_o recover_v his_o principality_n whereupon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o be_v the_o right_a heir_n and_o in_o possession_n of_o it_o come_v on_o bold_o to_o meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n wherein_o he_o shameful_o rout_v his_o army_n and_o take_v his_o uncle_n david_n prisoner_n who_o he_o deliver_v into_o safe_a custody_n whereby_o he_o secure_v to_o himself_o and_o his_o country_n peace_n and_o quietness_n towards_o the_o close_a of_o this_o year_n owen_n cyfeilioc_n lord_n of_o the_o high_a powy_n depart_v this_o life_n and_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o gwenwynwyn_n his_o son_n after_o who_o that_o part_n of_o powy_n be_v call_v powys-wenwynwyn_a to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o other_o call_v powy_n fadoc_n the_o inheritance_n of_o the_o lord_n of_o bromfield_n much_o about_o this_o time_n trahaern_n fychan_n a_o man_n of_o great_a power_n and_o authority_n in_o the_o county_n of_o brecknock_n be_v sudden_o seize_v upon_o as_o he_o be_v go_v to_o llancor_n to_o confer_v about_o some_o business_n with_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n lord_n thereof_o and_o by_o a_o order_n of_o the_o lord_n tie_v to_o a_o horse_n tail_n and_o drag_v through_o the_o street_n of_o brecknock_n to_o the_o gallow_n where_o he_o be_v behead_v and_o his_o body_n hang_v up_o by_o the_o foot_n for_o three_o day_n which_o barbarity_n inflict_v upon_o he_o for_o no_o know_v just_a cause_n so_o frighten_v his_o brother_n wife_n and_o child_n that_o they_o flee_v their_o country_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o same_o usage_n the_o a.d._n 1198_o year_n
follow_v maelgon_n who_o have_v before_o rout_v his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n begin_v now_o to_o enlarge_v his_o territory_n and_o take_v in_o his_o brother_n castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyric_n also_o the_o young_a son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n about_o this_o time_n recover_v the_o castle_n of_o dynefowr_n from_o the_o norman_n the_o same_o summer_n gwenwynwyn_n take_v up_o a_o resolution_n of_o attempt_v to_o extend_v wales_n to_o its_o ancient_a limit_n and_o for_o this_o purpose_n he_o raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n with_o which_o he_o first_o design_n to_o be_v avenge_v of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n for_o the_o inhuman_a death_n of_o his_o cousin_n trahaern_a fychan_n and_o therefore_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o payn_n in_o elfel_n where_o he_o make_v a_o protestation_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o have_v take_v it_o for_o a_o far_a satisfaction_n to_o his_o revenge_n he_o will_v unmerciful_o ravage_v the_o whole_a country_n as_o far_o as_o severn_n but_o these_o mighty_a menace_n be_v soon_o blow_v over_o for_o he_o have_v neither_o batter_a engine_n nor_o pioner_n so_o that_o he_o be_v force_v to_o lay_v before_o the_o castle_n for_o three_o week_n without_o effect_v any_o thing_n whereby_o the_o murderer_n have_v time_n enough_o to_o apply_v themselves_o to_o england_n for_o succour_n which_o they_o obtain_v for_o upon_o this_o geoffrey_n fitz-peter_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n levy_v a_o considerable_a army_n to_o which_o he_o join_v all_o the_o lord_n marcher_n and_o come_v in_o all_o haste_n to_o the_o relief_n of_o the_o place_n where_o he_o meet_v gwenwynwyn_n with_o who_o before_o he_o will_v hazard_v a_o battle_n he_o be_v desirous_a to_o have_v a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n to_o which_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o his_o adherent_n will_v in_o no_o wise_a hearken_v or_o condescend_v but_o return_v in_o answer_n that_o their_o business_n there_o be_v to_o be_v revenge_v of_o old_a injury_n do_v they_o hereupon_o the_o english_a lord_n resolve_v to_o enlarge_v prince_n gruffydh_n of_o south-wales_n who_o they_o know_v to_o be_v a_o inveterate_a enemy_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n as_o he_o that_o deliver_v he_o up_o to_o their_o hand_n and_o likewise_o to_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o his_o country_n therefore_o they_o right_o conclude_v he_o may_v be_v more_o serviceable_a to_o they_o when_o at_o liberty_n than_o under_o confinement_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o disappoint_v for_o he_o immediate_o get_v together_o a_o strong_a body_n of_o his_o countryman_n and_o join_v with_o the_o english_a advance_v towards_o the_o castle_n where_o they_o furious_o attack_v gwenwynwyn_n who_o make_v no_o less_o vigorous_a defence_n hereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o bloody_a battle_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n on_o both_o side_n but_o at_o length_n the_o english_a get_v the_o victory_n and_o gwenwynwyn_n lose_v a_o great_a number_n of_o common_a soldier_n if_o we_o believe_v matthew_n paris_n 3700_o man_n beside_o a_o great_a many_o of_o his_o best_a commander_n among_o who_o be_v anarawd_n son_n of_o eineon_n owen_n ap_fw-mi cadwalhon_n richard_n ap_fw-mi jestyn_n and_o robert_n ap_fw-mi howel_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi conan_n be_v likewise_o take_v prisoner_n with_o many_o more_o after_o this_o the_o english_a return_v home_o triumphant_o and_o requite_v prince_n gruffydh_n service_n with_o a_o perfect_a liberty_n who_o immediate_o partly_o by_o his_o own_o force_n partly_o by_o the_o affection_n of_o his_o people_n repossess_v himself_o of_o all_o his_o dominion_n save_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o ystratmeyrie_n which_o his_o usurp_a brother_n maelgon_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n have_v during_o his_o confinement_n by_o the_o english_a take_v from_o he_o and_o still_o unjust_o detain_v hereupon_o some_o of_o prince_n gruffydh_n prime_a nobility_n and_o clergy_n come_v to_o he_o and_o offer_v he_o their_o endeavour_n of_o reconcile_a he_o to_o his_o brother_n and_o make_v he_o so_o apprehensive_a of_o his_o just_a displeasure_n at_o he_o that_o he_o take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n before_o they_o that_o in_o case_n his_o brother_n will_v give_v he_o hostage_n for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o own_o person_n he_o will_v deliver_v he_o up_o his_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n by_o a_o day_n appoint_v which_o proposal_n prince_n gruffydh_n accept_v of_o and_o according_o send_v he_o his_o demand_n but_o it_o be_v the_o least_o of_o maelgon_n intention_n to_o make_v good_a his_o part_n or_o else_o he_o be_v very_o unconstant_a in_o his_o resolution_n for_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o receive_v the_o hostage_n but_o instead_o of_o deliver_v up_o the_o castle_n he_o fortify_v it_o and_o put_v in_o a_o garrison_n for_o his_o own_o use_n and_o commit_v the_o hostage_n to_o the_o custody_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n prince_n gruffydh_n mortal_a enemy_n but_o not_o long_o after_o their_o innocency_n procure_v they_o a_o opportunity_n of_o a_o escape_n in_o the_o year_n 1199_o maelgon_n still_o pursue_v his_o hatred_n a.d._n 1199_o of_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n get_v a_o army_n wherewith_o he_o besiege_v his_o castle_n of_o dynerth_n which_o he_o be_v master_n of_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o then_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n but_o about_o the_o same_o time_n prince_n gruffydh_n in_o lieu_n of_o this_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o cilgerran_n and_o strong_o fortify_v it_o this_o year_n richard_n the_o first_o of_o england_n as_o he_o be_v besiege_v the_o castle_n of_o chalons_n in_o france_n be_v shoot_v from_o the_o wall_n with_o a_o arrow_n whereof_o he_o not_o long_o after_o dye_v and_o leave_v his_o kingdom_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n who_o thereupon_o be_v with_o great_a solemnity_n crown_v at_o westminster_n but_o he_o can_v not_o expect_v to_o enjoy_v this_o kingdom_n peaceable_o for_o his_o elder_a brother_n geoffry_n plantagenet_n have_v leave_v a_o son_n behind_o he_o name_v arthur_n who_o right_a the_o crown_n of_o england_n be_v by_o lineal_a descent_n which_o now_o therefore_o he_o just_o lay_v claim_v to_o and_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o king_n philip_n of_o france_n who_o espouse_a his_o quarrel_n endeavour_v to_o recover_v but_o before_o prince_n arthur_n have_v make_v sufficient_a preparation_n to_o carry_v on_o his_o design_n he_o be_v unexpected_o set_v upon_o by_o his_o uncle_n his_o army_n rout_v and_o he_o himself_o take_v prisoner_n and_o commit_v to_o safe_a custody_n not_o long_o after_o which_o he_o die_v and_o so_o king_n john_n be_v rid_v of_o his_o competitor_n a.d._n 1200_o the_o follow_a year_n gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi dye_v and_o be_v bury_v in_o a_o monk_n cawl_n in_o the_o abbey_n of_o conway_n which_o way_n of_o bury_v be_v very_o much_o practise_v especial_o by_o the_o better_a sort_n in_o those_o day_n for_o the_o monk_n and_o friar_n have_v delude_v the_o people_n into_o a_o strong_a conceit_n of_o the_o merit_n of_o it_o and_o have_v firm_o persuade_v they_o it_o be_v high_o conduce_v to_o their_o future_a happiness_n to_o be_v thus_o inter_v but_o this_o superstition_n together_o with_o the_o propagator_n of_o it_o they_o have_v late_o receive_v from_o england_n for_o the_o first_o abbey_n or_o monastery_n we_o read_v of_o in_o wales_n since_o the_o destruction_n of_o that_o famous_a house_n of_o bangor_n which_o favour_v of_o romish_a dregs_o be_v the_o ty-gwyn_n build_v in_o the_o year_n 1146._o after_o which_o they_o mighty_o increase_v and_o spread_v over_o all_o the_o country_n and_o now_o the_o fountain_n head_n begin_v to_o be_v corrupt_v for_o the_o clergy_n maintain_v a_o doctrine_n which_o their_o ancestor_n abhor_v as_o may_v easy_o be_v gather_v from_o the_o write_n of_o that_o worthy_a divine_a ambrose_n telesinus_n who_o flourish_v in_o the_o year_n 540._o when_v the_o christian_a faith_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v deliver_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o afalon_n by_o joseph_n of_o arimathea_n flow_v in_o this_o land_n in_o a_o pure_a and_o uncorrupted_a stream_n before_o it_o be_v infect_v and_o pollute_v by_o that_o proud_a and_o bloodthirsty_a monk_n augustine_n i_o say_v he_o then_o write_v and_o leave_v behind_o he_o as_o his_o own_o opinion_n and_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o day_n these_o follow_a verse_n gwae'r_o offeiriad_v bid_v nys_n angreifftia_fw-la gwyd_fw-la ac_fw-la ny_fw-fr phregetha_fw-mi gwae_fw-la ny_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la gail_n ac_fw-la of_o yn_a figail_n ac_fw-la ny_n areilia_fw-la gwae_fw-la ni_fw-fr cheidw_n ei_fw-la dhefaid_fw-la rhae_fw-la bleidhie_a rhufeniaid_n a'i_fw-fr ffon_n gnwppa_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o be_v apparent_a that_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n be_v then_o corrupt_a and_o that_o the_o british_a church_n persevere_v in_o the_o primitive_a and_o true_o apostolical_a profession_n of_o christianity_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o plant_v in_o the_o island_n and_o that_o no_o roman_a innovation_n have_v creep_v in_o
among_o they_o which_o afterward_o mighty_o increase_v when_o they_o be_v once_o introduce_v by_o augustin_n the_o monk_n this_o year_n likewise_o we_o find_v the_o spiteful_a and_o turbulent_a maelgon_n choose_v rather_o to_o persist_v still_o in_o his_o rebellion_n than_o to_o return_v to_o his_o allegiance_n and_o to_o prefer_v a_o small_a lucre_n to_o the_o love_n and_o safety_n of_o his_o country_n for_o now_o find_v that_o the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n be_v not_o tenable_a by_o his_o own_o power_n and_o force_n yet_o rather_o than_o deliver_v it_o up_o to_o his_o brother_n prince_n gruffydh_n and_o thereby_o procure_v his_o favour_n he_o choose_v to_o sell_v it_o to_o his_o bitter_a enemy_n the_o english_a for_o a_o inconsiderable_a sum_n of_o money_n whereby_o he_o open_v they_o a_o free_a passage_n into_o all_o wales_n this_o be_v reckon_v one_o of_o its_o chief_a defence_n and_o bulwark_n about_o this_o time_n madawc_n son_n of_o gruffydh_n maylor_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n build_v the_o abbey_n of_o lanegwest_n common_o know_v by_o the_o english_a by_o the_o name_n of_o vale_fw-la crucii_fw-la in_o the_o year_n 1201._o the_o valiant_a lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n a.d._n 1201_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n banish_v out_o of_o his_o territory_n his_o cousin_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o conan_n ap_fw-mi owen_n gwynedh_fw-mi who_o he_o suspect_v of_o treasonable_a practice_n and_o therefore_o confiscate_v his_o land_n which_o be_v the_o cantref_o of_o lhyn_n and_o efyonyth_n much_o about_o the_o same_o time_n meredith_n the_o son_n of_o prince_n rhys_n be_v slay_v at_o carâ—wilhion_n by_o treason_n whereupon_o his_o elder_a brother_n gruffydh_n possess_v himself_o of_o his_o castle_n in_o lhanymdhyfri_n and_o all_o his_o land_n this_o gruffydh_n be_v a_o valiant_a and_o discreet_a prince_n and_o one_o that_o be_v like_a to_o bring_v all_o south-wales_n to_o good_a order_n and_o obedience_n for_o in_o all_o thing_n he_o tread_v in_o his_o father_n step_n and_o make_v it_o his_o business_n to_o succeed_v he_o as_o well_o in_o his_o valour_n and_o virtuous_a endowment_n as_o in_o his_o government_n but_o the_o vast_a hope_n conceive_v of_o he_o soon_o prove_v abortive_a for_o in_o the_o ensue_a a.d._n 1202_o year_n on_o s._n james_n day_n he_o die_v to_o the_o great_a grief_n and_o loss_n of_o his_o country_n and_o short_o after_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n with_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n he_o leave_v behind_o he_o for_o a_o successor_n a_o son_n call_v rhys_n which_o maud_n the_o daughter_n of_o william_n de_fw-fr bruce_n have_v bear_v he_o the_o follow_a year_n some_o of_o the_o welsh_a nobility_n march_v with_o a_o army_n towards_o the_o castle_n of_o gwerthrynion_n which_o belong_v to_o roger_n mortimer_n and_o after_o a_o short_a siege_n they_o take_v it_o and_o level_v it_o with_o the_o ground_n this_o year_n lhewelyn_n ap_fw-mi jorwerth_n calling_z to_o mind_v his_o estate_n and_o title_n and_o how_o all_o the_o welsh_a prince_n be_v oblige_v both_o by_o the_o law_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a and_o those_o of_o howel_n dha_n to_o acknowledge_v the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n for_o their_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o to_o do_v homage_n to_o he_o for_o their_o dominion_n yet_o notwithstanding_o that_o they_o know_v this_o to_o be_v their_o duty_n and_o that_o they_o former_o have_v ready_o perform_v it_o yet_o because_o of_o late_a year_n his_o predecessor_n have_v neglect_v to_o call_v they_o to_o their_o duty_n they_o now_o begin_v to_o imagine_v themselves_o exempt_v from_o it_o and_o some_o thought_n themselves_o accountable_a to_o no_o superior_a prince_n other_o deny_v subjection_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o hold_v their_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n to_o put_v a_o stop_n therefore_o to_o the_o further_a growth_n of_o this_o contempt_n and_o to_o assert_v his_o own_o right_a prince_n lhewelyn_n summon_v all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n appear_v and_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o but_o gwenwynwyn_n lord_n of_o powy_n neither_o come_v to_o this_o meeting_n nor_o will_v own_o the_o prince_n supremacy_n which_o stubborness_n and_o disobedience_n the_o prince_n acquaint_v his_o lord_n with_o whereupon_o they_o deliver_v their_o opinion_n that_o it_o be_v but_o reasonable_a that_o gwenwynwyn_n shall_v be_v compel_v to_o his_o duty_n or_o else_o forfeit_v his_o estate_n this_o all_o the_o lord_n consent_v to_o but_o elis_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n who_o be_v a_o intimate_a friend_n of_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o therefore_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o the_o enact_v any_o thing_n that_o may_v be_v prejudicial_a to_o he_o but_o break_v off_o from_o the_o meeting_n much_o dissatisfy_v with_o their_o proceed_n notwithstanding_o which_v prince_n lhewelyn_n pursuant_n to_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o his_o lord_n raises_z a_o army_n and_o march_n towards_o powy_n but_o before_o he_o make_v any_o use_n of_o it_o he_o be_v by_o the_o mediation_n of_o some_o learned_a and_o able_a man_n reconcile_v to_o gwenwynwyn_n and_o so_o gwenwynwyn_n become_v his_o dutiful_a subject_n which_o he_o confirm_v both_o by_o oath_n and_o write_v and_o indeed_o it_o be_v not_o without_o good_a reason_n that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n use_v all_o the_o caution_n imaginable_a to_o bind_v this_o man_n for_o he_o have_v swear_v allegiance_n before_o to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n lhewelyn_n have_v thus_o subject_v gwenwynwyn_n he_o think_v it_o now_o convenient_a to_o show_v likewise_o some_o mark_n of_o his_o resentment_n against_o his_o adherent_a elis_n ap_fw-mi madawc_n and_o therefore_o he_o strip_v he_o of_o all_o his_o land_n whereupon_o elis_n flee_v the_o country_n but_o not_o long_o after_o yield_v himself_o to_o the_o prince_n mercy_n he_o receive_v of_o he_o the_o castle_n of_o crogen_n and_o seven_o township_n beside_o and_o now_o have_v mention_v crogen_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o step_v a_o little_a out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o here_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o reason_n why_o the_o english_a former_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o reproach_v the_o welsh_a call_v they_o crogens_n the_o first_o occasion_n of_o it_o be_v this_o king_n henry_n the_o second_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o the_o welsh_a to_o the_o mountain_n of_o berwin_n lay_v a_o while_n at_o oswestre_n during_o which_o time_n he_o detach_v a_o number_n of_o his_o man_n to_o try_v the_o passage_n into_o wales_n who_o as_o they_o will_v have_v pass_v offa_n ditch_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o crogen_n at_o which_o place_n there_o be_v a_o narrow_a way_n through_o the_o same_o ditch_n which_o appear_v now_o very_o deep_a through_o all_o that_o country_n and_o bear_v its_o old_a name_n these_o man_n i_o say_v as_o they_o will_v have_v pass_v this_o straight_a be_v meet_v by_o a_o party_n of_o welch_n and_o a_o great_a many_o of_o they_o strain_n and_o bury_v in_o that_o ditch_n as_o appear_v by_o their_o grave_n there_o to_o be_v see_v and_o the_o name_n of_o the_o straight_o import_v as_o much_o be_v call_v in_o welsh_a adwy'r_a bedhaw_n the_o english_a therefore_o bear_v in_o mind_n this_o slaughter_n when_o ever_o they_o get_v any_o of_o the_o welsh_a into_o their_o clutch_n upbraid_v they_o with_o the_o name_n of_o crogen_n intimate_v thereby_o that_o they_o shall_v expect_v no_o more_o favour_n or_o mercy_n at_o their_o hand_n than_o they_o show_v they_o in_o the_o skirmish_n but_o this_o word_n which_o at_o first_o be_v rather_o a_o badge_n of_o reputation_n than_o disgrace_n to_o the_o welsh_a come_v afterward_o to_o be_v use_v in_o a_o bad_a sense_n and_o only_o then_o apply_v when_o they_o design_v to_o reproach_n and_o abuse_v they_o but_o to_o return_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n who_o we_o find_v return_v home_o after_o he_o have_v successful_o assert_v his_o sovereignty_n over_o all_o wales_n and_o set_v all_o thing_n in_o good_a order_n and_o by_o the_o way_n he_o fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o bala_n in_o penlhyn_n about_o this_o time_n rhys_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n the_o right_a prince_n of_o south-wales_n take_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfry_n upon_o michaelmas-day_n this_o year_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n take_v to_o wife_n joan_n the_o daughter_n of_o king_n john_n which_o agatha_n daughter_n of_o robert_n ferrer_n earl_n of_o derby_n bear_v he_o with_o who_o he_o give_v the_o prince_n for_o a_o dowry_n the_o lordship_n of_o elsmere_n in_o the_o march_n of_o wales_n a.d._n 1203_o prince_n rhys_n who_o we_o mention_v the_o year_n before_o to_o have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o lhanymdhyfri_n win_v likewise_o the_o castle_n of_o llangadoc_n and_o put_v a_o garrison_n therein_o but_o he_o enjoy_v neither_o of_o they_o long_o for_o short_o after_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n with_o his_o friend_n gwenwynwyn_n levy_v a_o powerful_a army_n and_o with_o it_o besiege_a and_o take_v the_o castle_n
withstand_v so_o great_a a_o multitude_n think_v it_o his_o best_a way_n to_o endeavour_v to_o find_v out_o some_o method_n or_o other_o to_o reconcile_v himself_o to_o the_o king_n and_o no_o better_a measure_n can_v possible_o be_v think_v of_o than_o to_o send_v joan_n his_o wife_n king_n john_n daughter_n to_o entreat_v with_o her_o father_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o a_o cessation_n of_o all_o hostility_n who_o be_v a_o prudent_a sly_a woman_n so_o prevail_v upon_o the_o king_n that_o he_o grant_v prince_n lhewelyn_n her_o husband_n a_o safe_a conduct_n to_o come_v to_o he_o and_o to_o renew_v the_o former_a peace_n and_o amity_n that_o be_v betwixt_o they_o and_o so_o lhewelyn_n have_v do_v homage_n promise_v the_o king_n towards_o his_o expense_n in_o this_o expedition_n 20000_o head_n of_o cattle_n and_o forty_o horse_n and_o what_o be_v more_o than_o all_o he_o grant_v all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o wales_n with_o the_o appurtenance_n to_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o then_o king_n john_n have_v receive_v better_a success_n in_o this_o than_o the_o former_a expedition_n return_v to_o england_n in_o great_a triumph_n have_v subdue_v all_o wales_n except_v that_o part_n which_o rhys_n and_o owen_n the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n still_o keep_v and_o maintain_v against_o the_o english_a but_o have_v no_o leisure_n to_o march_v against_o they_o himself_o at_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o country_n he_o give_v strict_a charge_n to_o foulke_n viscount_n of_o caerdyff_fw-mi warden_n of_o the_o march_n a_o cruel_a tyrant_n though_o well_o belove_v and_o favour_v by_o the_o king_n to_o take_v a_o army_n with_o he_o and_o so_o join_v with_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n to_o compel_v the_o son_n of_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o acknowledge_v he_o for_o their_o sovereign_n and_o to_o do_v he_o homage_n foulke_n have_v receive_v so_o positive_a a_o command_n present_o raise_v his_o force_n and_z calling_z maelgon_n and_o rhys_n come_v to_o the_o cantref_o of_o penwedic_n which_o when_o the_o young_a lord_n rhys_n and_o owen_n hear_v of_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o this_o blow_n be_v level_v against_o they_o which_o they_o know_v they_o be_v not_o able_a to_o bear_v before_o the_o stroke_n be_v strike_v they_o send_v to_o foulke_n to_o sue_v for_o peace_n and_o a_o safe_a conduct_n for_o they_o to_o pass_v to_o the_o court_n of_o england_n this_o be_v grant_v they_o come_v to_o london_n and_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o king_n and_o request_v his_o pardon_n for_o all_o former_a misdemeanour_n they_o give_v up_o all_o pretence_n to_o their_o land_n betwixt_o aeron_n and_o dyfi_n and_o so_o pay_v their_o homage_n they_o be_v dismiss_v very_o gracious_o but_o foulke_n before_o his_o departure_n out_o of_o the_o country_n fortify_v the_o castle_n of_o aberystwyth_n and_o place_v a_o strong_a garrison_n therein_o keep_v it_o to_o the_o king_n use_n but_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n a_o couple_n of_o headstrong_a inconstant_a people_n quick_o repent_v they_o of_o the_o peace_n they_o have_v make_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o thereupon_o without_o the_o least_o reason_n or_o provocation_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o aberystwyth_n castle_n and_o with_o much_o ado_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o it_o they_o destroy_v those_o fortification_n which_o foulke_n have_v late_o erect_v and_o deface_v the_o castle_n to_o the_o ground_n but_o they_o pay_v sauce_n for_o this_o another_o way_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o rhys_n and_o owen_n have_v hear_v that_o their_o uncle_n have_v break_v and_o violate_v the_o king_n peace_n they_o make_v inroad_n into_o isaeron_n which_o be_v maelgon_n country_n and_o have_v slay_v a_o considerable_a number_n of_o his_o man_n among_o who_o be_v one_o brave_a and_o lusty_a youth_n call_v bachglâ_n they_o return_v with_o very_o rich_a booty_n a.d._n 1211_o maelgon_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v quick_o follow_v by_o the_o north-wales_n man_n in_o their_o revolt_n from_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v not_o able_a to_o endure_v any_o long_o the_o tyranny_n and_o oppreission_n which_o the_o king_n garrison_n exercise_v in_o his_o country_n call_v together_o gwenwynwyn_n from_o powy_n maelgon_fw-mi ap_fw-mi rhys_n from_o south-wales_n madoc_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi maylor_n from_o bromfield_n and_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rotpert_n from_o cydewen_n and_o plain_o declare_v before_o they_o the_o pride_n and_o insolency_n of_o the_o english_a and_o how_o that_o they_o who_o be_v always_o use_v to_o have_v a_o prince_n of_o their_o own_o nation_n be_v now_o by_o their_o own_o wilfulness_n and_o neglect_n become_v subject_n to_o stranger_n however_o it_o be_v not_o too_o late_o to_o recover_v their_o ancient_a liberty_n and_o if_o they_o do_v but_o unanimous_o agree_v among_o themselves_o they_o may_v easy_o cast_v off_o that_o yoke_n which_o be_v so_o intolerable_o burdersome_a to_o they_o then_o the_o lord_n be_v sensible_a of_o the_o truth_n and_o reasonableness_n of_o what_o prince_n lhewelyn_n deliver_v and_o be_v conscious_a to_o themselves_o that_o their_o present_a slavery_n and_o subjection_n to_o the_o english_a be_v whole_o owe_v to_o their_o own_o fear_n and_o cowardice_n swear_v fealty_n to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o swear_v to_o be_v true_a and_o faithful_a to_o he_o and_o to_o stick_v by_o each_o other_o to_o the_o utmost_a of_o their_o life_n and_o fortune_n and_o so_o join_v their_o force_n together_o they_o take_v all_o the_o castle_n in_o north-wales_n which_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a except_v ruthlan_n and_o dyganwy_n and_o then_o go_v to_o powy_n they_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o robert_n vspont_n have_v build_v at_o mathrafal_n but_o king_n john_n be_v inform_v how_o the_o welsh_a have_v conspire_v against_o he_o and_o that_o they_o have_v take_v and_o sezy_v upon_o almost_o all_o his_o castle_n in_o north-wales_n and_o how_o that_o they_o be_v now_o in_o actual_a besiegement_n of_o mathrafal_n present_o draw_v up_o his_o army_n and_o come_v to_o mathrafal_n quick_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o to_o prevent_v the_o welsh_a from_o come_v any_o more_o against_o it_o he_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n have_v no_o time_n to_o stay_v any_o long_o in_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v betwixt_o he_o and_o his_o nobility_n but_o be_v afterward_o at_o nottingham_n and_o hear_v how_o that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n cruel_o harrass_v and_o destroy_v the_o march_n he_o cause_v all_o the_o welsh_a pledge_n which_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o last_o year_n to_o be_v hang_v among_o who_o be_v howel_n the_o son_n of_o cadwalhon_n and_o madoc_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n with_o many_o other_o of_o the_o nobility_n son_n to_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o eight_o and_o about_o the_o same_o time_n robert_n vepont_n cause_v rhys_n the_o son_n of_o maelgon_n to_o be_v hang_v at_o shrewsbury_n be_v a_o youth_n of_o about_o seventeen_o year_n of_o age_n and_o so_o cruel_o murder_v the_o innocent_a child_n to_o revenge_v the_o crime_n and_o offence_n commit_v by_o his_o father_n and_o other_o but_o though_o king_n john_n be_v so_o severe_a to_o the_o welsh_a yet_o the_o princess_n of_o north-wales_n be_v more_o dutiful_a and_o favourable_a to_o he_o for_o whilst_o he_o stay_v at_o nottingham_n she_o send_v he_o a_o express_a declare_v how_o that_o the_o baron_n have_v enter_v into_o a_o conspiracy_n with_o the_o french_a king_n against_o he_o and_o that_o this_o latter_a be_v a_o prepare_v and_o raise_v a_o army_n to_o come_v over_o to_o england_n upon_o pretence_n that_o the_o king_n be_v a_o rebel_n and_o bid_v open_a defiance_n to_o the_o holy_a church_n in_o as_o much_o as_o he_o will_v not_o condescend_v nor_o yield_v to_o the_o bishop_n of_o rome_n request_n and_o in_o confirmation_n of_o all_o this_o she_o tell_v he_o that_o robert_n fitzwalter_n eustace_n de_fw-fr vescy_n and_o stephen_n redell_n be_v secret_o flee_v into_o france_n to_o promote_v and_o carry_v on_o this_o intrigue_n and_o that_o this_o design_n against_o king_n john_n be_v not_o feign_v surmise_n the_o next_o a.d._n 1212_o year_n pope_n innocent_a the_o three_o detach_v one_o of_o his_o nuncio_n to_o wales_n who_o absolve_v prince_n lhewelyn_n gwenwynwyn_n and_o maelgon_n from_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n to_o king_n john_n and_o withal_o give_v they_o a_o strict_a command_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o excommunication_n to_o molest_v and_o annoy_v he_o with_o all_o their_o endeavour_n as_o a_o open_a enemy_n to_o the_o church_n of_o god_n prince_n lhewelyn_n you_o may_v be_v sure_a be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o trouble_a at_o this_o for_o now_o he_o gain_v the_o fit_a opportunity_n imaginable_a to_o restore_v such_o land_n as_o he_o have_v former_o much_o against_o
get_v nothing_o by_o this_o for_o rhys_n fychan_n perceive_v what_o he_o will_v fain_o be_v at_o raâ—ed_v senghennyth_n castle_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n in_o his_o custody_n in_o that_o country_n and_o banish_v the_o english_a with_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n divide_v the_o country_n betwixt_o a.d._n 1218_o the_o welsh_a who_o keep_v sure_a possession_n of_o it_o prince_n lhewelyn_n also_o find_v those_o to_o become_v his_o foe_n who_o have_v but_o late_o court_v his_o friendship_n and_o fear_v lest_o that_o the_o english_a be_v now_o in_o arm_n shall_v make_v any_o attempt_n upon_o his_o castle_n augment_v the_o garrison_n of_o carmardhyn_n and_o aberteifi_n to_o make_v they_o capable_a of_o withstand_v the_o english_a in_o case_n they_o shall_v come_v against_o they_o but_o though_o the_o welsh_a and_o english_a be_v at_o open_a variance_n and_o in_o actual_a hostility_n one_o against_o another_o yet_o young_a rhys_n with_o prince_n lhewelyn_n approbation_n and_o consent_n think_v it_o advisable_v to_o go_v and_o do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n for_o his_o land_n in_o wales_n this_o may_v be_v think_v a_o matter_n of_o supererogation_n to_o make_v courtship_n to_o one_o who_o be_v declare_v enemy_n to_o all_o the_o welsh_a and_o one_o that_o will_v not_o in_o all_o probability_n suffer_v he_o to_o enjoy_v a_o quiet_a possession_n of_o his_o estate_n in_o case_n he_o have_v ability_n and_o opportunity_n to_o eject_v he_o but_o the_o welsh_a interest_n be_v a.d._n 1219_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n augment_v by_o a_o new_a alliance_n with_o some_o of_o the_o most_o powerful_a among_o the_o english_a rhys_n gryc_a prince_n rhy_n son_n be_v marry_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o clare_n daughter_n and_o marret_n prince_n lhewelyn_n daughter_n to_o john_n bruce_n the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v quick_o a_o occasion_n to_o a.d._n 1220_o experience_n his_o power_n for_o the_o fleming_n in_o dyfed_a who_o have_v late_o swear_v allegiance_n to_o he_o begin_v now_o to_o repent_v of_o what_o they_o have_v but_o a_o little_a time_n ago_o glad_o submit_v to_o and_o contrary_a to_o their_o oath_n and_o the_o league_n they_o have_v swear_v to_o observe_v they_o fall_v upon_o aberteifi_n castle_n which_o they_o take_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v high_o displease_v with_o the_o treacherous_a practice_n of_o these_o perjure_a fleming_n march_v with_o all_o speed_n to_o aberteifi_n and_o have_v recover_v the_o castle_n which_o he_o afterward_o raze_v he_o put_v all_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n gwys_n be_v serve_v in_o the_o same_o manner_n and_o the_o town_n of_o haverford_n be_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o overrun_v rhos_n and_o daugledhau_n he_o commit_v a_o lamentable_a destruction_n throughout_o the_o whole_a country_n this_o the_o fleming_n receive_v as_o the_o due_a reward_n of_o their_o sinistrous_a deal_v which_o make_v they_o quick_o apprehensive_a of_o their_o folly_n and_o their_o imprudent_a behaviour_n towards_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o therefore_o be_v sorrowful_o sensible_a how_o unable_a they_o be_v to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o his_o far_a progress_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n they_o make_v overture_n for_o cessation_n of_o all_o hostility_n till_o the_o may_n follow_v which_o be_v grant_v they_o upon_o strict_a condition_n prince_n lhewelyn_n return_v to_o north-wales_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n some_o welsh_a lord_n besiege_v buelht_a castle_n which_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o reynald_n bruce_n but_o before_o they_o can_v take_v it_o king_n henry_n bring_v a_o army_n to_o the_o march_n and_o raise_v the_o siege_n and_o then_o march_v forward_o to_o montgomery_n build_v a_o new_a castle_n in_o that_o town_n a.d._n 1221_o the_o next_o year_n a_o unhappy_a dissension_n fall_v out_o betwixt_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o his_o son_n gruffydh_n this_o latter_a have_v keep_v himself_o in_o possession_n of_o the_o cantref_o of_o merionyth_n contrary_a to_o the_o consent_n and_o well-liking_a of_o his_o father_n the_o prince_n therefore_o have_v now_o no_o great_a matter_n of_o moment_n abroad_o be_v resolve_v to_o curb_v the_o insolency_n of_o his_o son_n and_o therefore_o send_v to_o he_o to_o command_v his_o appearance_n and_o to_o wish_v he_o to_o deliver_v up_o the_o cantref_o quiet_o lest_o he_o shall_v be_v force_v to_o take_v it_o violent_o out_o of_o his_o hand_n gruffydh_fw-mi be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o dismay_v at_o his_o threaten_n but_o be_v resolve_v to_o keep_v what_o at_o present_a he_o enjoy_v will_v neither_o go_v to_o his_o father_n nor_o deliver_v up_o the_o cantref_n to_o he_o the_o prince_n be_v enrage_v that_o he_o shall_v be_v so_o slight_v by_o his_o son_n make_v a_o vehement_a protestation_n that_o he_o will_v be_v severe_o revenge_v both_o of_o he_o and_o all_o his_o accomplice_n and_o therefore_o come_v to_o merionyth_n with_o a_o great_a army_n be_v resolve_v to_o drive_v his_o son_n out_o of_o the_o country_n but_o gruffydh_n make_v all_o possible_a preparation_n to_o oppose_v his_o father_n and_o draw_v up_o his_o force_n to_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o when_o both_o army_n be_v ready_a to_o join_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o thâ—m_n be_v happy_o compose_v and_o gruffydh_n prevail_v upon_o to_o make_v his_o submission_n to_o his_o father_n but_o the_o prince_n though_o he_o forgive_v his_o son_n his_o offence_n and_o receive_v he_o to_o favour_n will_v not_o however_o permit_v he_o to_o enjoy_v meâ—ionyth_n and_o ardydwy_n but_o take_v they_o away_o from_o he_o and_o build_v a_o castle_n in_o the_o latter_a return_v home_o but_o he_o have_v not_o continue_v long_o at_o his_o palace_n aâ—_n aberffraw_n when_o another_o occasion_n call_v he_o abroad_o for_o young_a rhys_n be_v disappoint_v of_o aberteifi_n which_o in_o the_o division_n of_o south_n wales_n be_v allot_v to_o his_o share_n forsake_v the_o prince_n and_o put_v himself_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o willam_n marshal_n earl_n of_o pembrock_n prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v this_o march_v in_o great_a haste_n to_o aberystwyth_n and_o be_v desirous_a to_o punish_v rhys_n for_o his_o desertion_n from_o his_o allegiance_n due_a to_o he_o seize_v to_o his_o own_o use_n that_o castle_n together_o with_o all_o the_o demain_fw-fr and_o land_n belong_v to_o it_o when_o rhys_n understand_v what_o the_o prince_n have_v do_v he_o present_o make_v his_o complaint_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o come_v to_o shrewsbury_n and_o send_v for_o prince_n lhewelyn_n adjust_v matter_n so_o betwixt_o they_o that_o the_o prince_n promise_v to_o treat_v with_o rhys_n for_o aberteifi_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o he_o have_v do_v with_o maelgon_n for_o caermardhyn_n and_o towards_o the_o close_a of_o the_o year_n john_n bruce_n prince_n lhewelyn_n son_n in_o law_n obtain_v leave_v to_o fortify_v senghennyth_n castle_n which_o in_o right_a to_o the_o prince_n grant_n to_o raynald_n bruce_n belong_v to_o he_o but_o young_a rhys_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v the_o agreement_n betwixt_o he_o and_o prince_n lhewelyn_n for_o he_o die_v the_o follow_a a.d._n 1222_o year_n and_o be_v bury_v at_o ystratflur_n after_o who_o death_n the_o prince_n divide_v his_o estate_n betwixt_o his_o brother_n owen_n and_o his_o uncle_n maelgon_n william_n marshal_z earl_n of_o pembrock_n be_v now_o in_o ireland_n and_o very_o busy_a in_o prosecute_a the_o war_n against_o the_o king_n of_o england_n enemy_n in_o that_o kingdom_n the_o opportunity_n of_o who_o absence_n prince_n lhewelyn_n take_v advantage_n of_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o aberteifi_n and_o caermardhyn_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n and_o put_v both_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n place_v in_o their_o room_n a_o strong_a party_n of_o his_o own_o men._n but_o when_o the_o earl_n be_v inform_v of_o what_o the_o prince_n of_o wales_n have_v do_v he_o present_o leave_v ireland_n and_o land_v at_o s._n david_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o have_v recover_v his_o castle_n he_o treat_v the_o welsh_a after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o prince_n lhewelyn_n have_v use_v his_o garrison_n and_o pass_v forward_o into_o the_o prince_n country_n destroy_v all_o before_o he_o as_o he_o go_v along_o the_o prince_n understanding_n how_o violent_o he_o come_v forward_o send_v his_o son_n gruffydh_n with_o a_o considerable_a body_n of_o man_n to_o check_v his_o fury_n who_o come_v to_o cydwely_n and_o receive_v intelligence_n that_o the_o magistrate_n of_o that_o place_n have_v a_o private_a design_n to_o betray_v he_o to_o the_o enemy_n he_o put_v the_o whole_a town_n in_o flame_n and_o burn_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n without_o spare_v either_o church_n or_o other_o religious_a house_n the_o earl_n of_o pembrock_n have_v pass_v the_o river_n tywy_a at_o caermardhyn_n where_o gruffydh_n meet_v he_o and_o give_v he_o battle_n but_o the_o victory_n prove_v so_o uncertain_a that_o the_o night_n be_v force_v to_o part_v they_o and_o
the_o english_a and_o to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o they_o for_o their_o most_o cruel_a and_o almost_o inhuman_a practice_n towards_o the_o welsh_a have_v therefore_o draw_v all_o his_o power_n together_o be_v accompany_v by_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n gryc_a in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o week_n he_o recover_v out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o english_a all_o the_o inland_n country_n of_o north-wales_n and_o then_o all_o merionyth_n with_o such_o land_n as_o prince_n edward_n have_v usurp_v in_o cardigan_n which_o he_o bestow_v upon_o meredith_n the_o son_n of_o owen_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi have_v also_o force_v rhys_n fychan_n out_o of_o buelht_n he_o confer_v it_o upon_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n and_o in_o like_a manner_n bestow_v all_o the_o land_n which_o he_o recover_v between_o his_o noble_n reserve_v nothing_o to_o his_o own_o use_n beside_o gwerthryneon_n the_o a.d._n 1257_o estate_n of_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n the_o next_o summer_n he_o enter_v into_o powy_n and_o make_v war_n against_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n who_o always_o have_v take_v part_n with_o and_o own_a subjection_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n which_o he_o total_o overcome_v except_v the_o castle_n of_o poole_n some_o small_a part_n of_o caerneon_n and_o the_o country_n lie_v upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o severn_n but_o rhys_n fychan_n be_v not_o satisfy_v with_o the_o loss_n of_o buelht_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o try_v ro_o recover_v it_o to_o which_o end_n he_o go_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n of_o who_o he_o obtain_v a_o very_a strong_a army_n command_v by_o one_o stephen_n bacon_n which_o be_v send_v by_o sea_n land_v at_o caermardhyn_n in_o the_o whitsun-week_n from_o thence_o the_o english_a march_v to_o dynefawr_n and_o lay_v siege_n to_o the_o castle_n which_o valiant_o hold_v out_o until_o lhewelyn_n army_n come_v to_o its_o relief_n upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o welsh_a the_o english_a decamp_v from_o before_o the_o castle_n and_o put_v themselves_o in_o posture_n of_o battle_n which_o the_o welsh_a perceive_v they_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o answer_v and_o oppose_v they_o whereupon_o there_o ensue_v a_o very_a terrible_a engagement_n which_o last_v a_o very_a long_a while_n this_o be_v for_o number_n of_o man_n the_o great_a battle_n that_o have_v be_v fight_v between_o the_o english_a and_o the_o welsh_a but_o the_o victory_n favour_v the_o welsh_a the_o englishman_n be_v at_o length_n force_v to_o fly_v have_v lose_v above_o two_o thousand_o man_n beside_o several_a baron_n and_o knight_n who_o be_v take_v prisoner_n after_o this_o the_o prince_n army_n pass_v to_o dyfed_a where_o have_v burn_v all_o the_o country_n and_o destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o abercorran_n lhanstephan_n maenclochoc_n and_o arberth_n with_o all_o the_o town_n thereunto_o belong_v return_v to_o north-wales_n with_o much_o spoil_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v arrive_v great_a complaint_n be_v exhibit_v to_o prince_n lhewelyn_n against_o jeffrey_n langley_n lieutenant_n to_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o without_o any_o regard_n to_o equity_n and_o conscience_n most_o wrongful_o oppress_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o wales_n under_o his_o jurisdiction_n whereupon_o the_o prince_n to_o punish_v the_o master_n for_o the_o servant_n fault_n enter_v with_o some_o part_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o earl_n estate_n burn_v and_o destroy_v all_o his_o country_n on_o both_o side_n the_o river_n dee_fw-mi to_o the_o gate_n of_o chester_n edward_n have_v no_o power_n at_o present_a to_o oppose_v he_o but_o be_v resolve_v to_o be_v revenge_v upon_o the_o welsh_a with_o the_o first_o opportunity_n he_o desire_v aid_n of_o his_o uncle_n than_o choose_v king_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o send_v he_o a_o strong_a detachment_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o give_v prince_n lhewelyn_n battle_n but_o find_v he_o too_o strong_a he_o think_v it_o more_o advisable_a to_o desist_v from_o hostility_n the_o prince_n army_n consist_v of_o ten_o thousand_o experience_a man_n who_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n rather_o all_o to_o die_v in_o the_o field_n than_o suffer_v the_o english_a to_o gain_v any_o advantage_n over_o the_o welsh_a but_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n lord_n of_o dinas_n brân_n a_o person_n of_o notorious_a reputation_n for_o injustice_n and_o oppression_n base_o forsake_v the_o welch_a his_o countryman_n and_o with_o all_o his_o force_n go_v over_o to_o the_o earl_n of_o chester_n a.d._n 1258_o the_o next_o year_n prince_n lhewelyn_n pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o seize_v into_o his_o hand_n the_o land_n of_o cemaes_n and_o have_v reconcile_v the_o difference_n betwixt_o rhys_n gryg_n and_o rhys_n fychan_n he_o win_v the_o castle_n of_o trefdraeth_n with_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o rhos_n except_v haverford_n thence_o he_o march_v in_o a_o hostile_a manner_n towards_o glamorgan_n and_o raze_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o castle_n of_o lhangymwch_n and_o then_o return_v to_o north-wales_n he_o meet_v by_o the_o way_n with_o edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n who_o he_o force_v precipitous_o to_o return_v back_o but_o before_o he_o will_v put_v a_o end_n to_o this_o expedition_n he_o must_v needs_o be_v revenge_v upon_o that_o ungrateful_a fugitive_a gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi madoc_n maelor_n and_o thereupon_o pass_v through_o bromfield_n he_o miserable_o lay_v waste_v the_o whole_a country_n upon_o this_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n send_v to_o lhewelyn_n require_v he_o to_o cease_v from_o hostility_n and_o after_o that_o unmerciful_a manner_n to_o devour_v and_o forcible_o to_o take_v away_o other_o man_n estate_n the_o prince_n be_v not_o over_o solicitous_a to_o hearken_v to_o their_o request_n but_o find_v the_o time_n of_o the_o year_n very_o seasonable_a for_o action_n against_o the_o english_a he_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battle_n each_o of_o these_o consist_v of_o 1500_o foot_n and_o 500_o horse_n with_o which_o he_o purpose_v to_o enlarge_v his_o conquest_n edward_n earl_n of_o chester_n to_o prevent_v the_o blow_n which_o so_o desperate_o hang_v over_o his_o head_n send_v over_o for_o succour_n from_o ireland_n of_o who_o come_v prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v certify_v man_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o intercept_v they_o which_o meet_v with_o the_o irish_a at_o sea_n after_o a_o sharp_a dispute_n force_v they_o to_o return_v back_o with_o loss_n king_n henry_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o irish_a resolve_v to_o come_v in_o person_n against_o the_o welsh_a and_o have_v draw_v together_o the_o whole_a strength_n of_o england_n even_o from_o st._n michael_n mount_n in_o cornwall_n to_o the_o river_n tweed_n march_v with_o his_o son_n edward_n in_o a_o great_a rage_n to_o north-wales_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n advance_v as_o far_o as_o teganwy_n but_o the_o prince_n have_v stop_v his_o far_a progress_n and_o prevent_v any_o long_a stay_n he_o can_v make_v in_o wales_n have_v before_o hand_n cause_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o forage_v to_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o river_n and_o then_o secure_v the_o strait_a and_o narrow_a passage_n whereby_o the_o english_a may_v get_v on_o far_a into_o the_o country_n the_o army_n be_v in_o a_o short_a time_n so_o mortal_o fatigue_v that_o the_o king_n for_o want_v of_o necessary_a subsistance_n be_v force_v to_o retire_v in_o haste_n to_o england_n with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o prince_n after_o that_o send_n for_o all_o the_o force_n in_o south-wales_n come_v to_o the_o march_n where_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n find_v that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n be_v not_o able_a to_o defend_v his_o estate_n yield_v himself_o up_o and_o then_o pass_v to_o powy_n he_o banish_v gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n and_o take_v all_o the_o land_n in_o the_o country_n into_o his_o hand_n proceed_v far_o he_o be_v encounter_v with_o by_o gilbert_n de_fw-fr clare_n earl_n of_o gloucester_n who_o with_o a_o choice_a party_n of_o english_a give_v he_o battle_n but_o lhewelyn_n army_n exceed_v both_o in_o number_n and_o courage_n easy_o vanquish_v and_o overcome_v the_o english_a and_o so_o the_o victory_n be_v quick_o obtain_v the_o prince_n present_o reduce_v to_o his_o power_n all_o the_o castle_n belong_v to_o the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n king_n henry_n hear_v of_o the_o earl_n overthrow_n be_v much_o concern_v at_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o many_o brave_a soldier_n in_o who_o valour_n and_o experience_n he_o always_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n and_o therefore_o to_o revenge_v their_o death_n he_o be_v again_o resolve_v to_o march_v against_o the_o welsh_a have_v call_v his_o force_n together_o and_o receive_v supply_v from_o gascoign_n and_o ireland_n he_o come_v to_o wales_n but_o not_o dare_v to_o venture_v far_o into_o the_o country_n for_o fear_v of_o be_v force_v to_o make_v another_o shameful_a retreat_n he_o only_o destroy_v the_o corn_n near_o the_o border_n it_o be_v harvest_n
time_n and_o so_o return_v to_o england_n but_o lord_n james_n audley_n who_o daughter_n be_v marry_v to_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n do_v more_o mischief_n and_o hurt_n to_o the_o welsh_a who_o have_v bring_v over_o a_o great_a number_n of_o horseman_n from_o germany_n to_o serve_v against_o the_o welsh_a so_o terrify_v they_o with_o the_o unusual_a largeness_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o unaccustomed_a manner_n of_o sight_v that_o in_o the_o first_o encounter_v the_o welsh_a be_v easy_o overcome_v buâ—_n mind_v to_o revenge_v this_o disgrace_n and_o withal_o be_v better_o acquaint_v with_o their_o method_n of_o arm_n the_o welsh_a in_o a_o little_a after_o make_v inroad_n into_o the_o lord_n audley_n land_n where_o the_o german_n present_o set_v upon_o they_o and_o pursue_v they_o to_o certain_a strait_n which_o the_o welsh_a discover_v for_o a_o politic_a retreat_n the_o german_n think_v they_o have_v entire_o drive_v the_o welsh_a away_o return_v careless_o back_o but_o be_v set_v upon_o of_o the_o sudden_a without_o any_o thought_n of_o a_o enemy_n behind_o they_o be_v all_o in_o a_o manner_n slay_v by_o the_o rally_a welch_n this_o year_n a_o very_a great_a scarcity_n of_o beef_n and_o horse_n happen_v in_o england_n whereof_o several_a thousand_o yearly_a be_v supply_v out_o of_o wales_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o the_o march_n be_v perfect_o rob_v of_o all_o their_o breed_n and_o not_o so_o much_o as_o a_o beast_n to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o border_n a.d._n 1259_o the_o next_o spring_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o wales_n convene_v together_o and_o take_v their_o mutual_a oath_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n to_o death_n against_o the_o oppress_a invasion_n of_o the_o english_a and_o not_o to_o relinquish_v and_o forsake_v one_o another_o upon_o pain_n of_o perjury_n though_o notwithstanding_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n of_o south-wales_n violate_v this_o agreement_n and_o put_v himself_o in_o the_o service_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n king_n henry_n be_v ready_a to_o fall_v upon_o the_o welsh_a to_o which_o purpose_n he_o summon_v a_o parliament_n wherein_o he_o propose_v to_o raise_v a_o subsidy_n towards_o the_o conquest_n of_o wales_n being_n not_o able_a of_o himself_o to_o bear_v the_o expense_n of_o this_o war_n by_o reason_n of_o several_a loss_n he_o have_v already_o receive_v the_o country_n of_o pembroke_n be_v late_o destroy_v and_o take_v by_o the_o welsh_a where_o they_o find_v plenty_n of_o salt_n which_o before_o they_o be_v in_o great_a necessity_n of_o but_o william_n de_fw-fr valentia_n accuse_v the_o earl_n of_o leicester_n and_o gloucester_n as_o the_o author_n of_o all_o this_o mischief_n quite_o break_v all_o their_o measure_n so_o the_o king_n be_v force_v to_o prorogue_v the_o parliament_n for_o a_o time_n without_o any_o grant_n of_o a_o subsidy_n but_o within_o a_o while_n after_o it_o sit_v at_o oxford_n where_o king_n henry_n and_o edward_n his_o son_n take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o law_n and_o statute_n of_o the_o realm_n and_o the_o same_o be_v tender_v to_o guy_n and_o william_n the_o king_n brother_n and_o to_o henry_n son_n to_o the_o king_n of_o almain_n and_o to_o earl_n warren_n they_o refuse_v to_o take_v it_o and_o so_o depart_v in_o this_o parliament_n the_o lord_n of_o wales_n fair_o proffer_v to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o law_n for_o any_o offence_n they_o have_v unjust_o commirt_v against_o the_o king_n which_o be_v main_o oppose_v by_o edward_n who_o cause_v one_o patrick_n de_fw-fr canton_n to_o who_o the_o lordship_n of_o cydwely_n be_v give_v in_o case_n he_o can_v win_v and_o keep_v the_o same_o to_o be_v send_v to_o caermardhyn_a as_o lieutenant_n for_o the_o king_n with_o who_o meredith_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n be_v join_v in_o commission_n be_v arrive_v at_o caermardhyn_n patrick_n send_v to_o the_o prince_n to_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o treat_v with_o he_o concern_v a_o peace_n which_o he_o consent_v to_o and_o without_o any_o suspicion_n of_o treachery_n send_v meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n and_o rhys_n ap_fw-mi rhys_n to_o emlyn_n if_o possible_a to_o conclude_v the_o same_o but_o patrick_n mean_v no_o such_o thing_n lay_v a_o ambuscade_n for_o the_o welsh_a who_o come_v honest_o forward_o be_v by_o the_o way_n villanous_o set_v upon_o by_o the_o english_a and_o a_o great_a many_o slay_v but_o those_o that_o happy_o escape_v call_v up_o the_o country_n present_o give_v chase_v to_o patrick_n and_o his_o accomplice_n who_o be_v at_o length_n overtake_v be_v almost_o all_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n but_o prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v now_o altogether_o bend_v upon_o a_o peace_n and_o do_v not_o only_o desire_v it_o but_o be_v willing_a to_o purchase_v it_o for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o which_o purpose_n he_o offer_v to_o give_v the_o king_n 4000_o mark_n to_o his_o son_n 300_o and_o 200_o to_o the_o queen_n which_o the_o king_n utter_o refuse_v reply_v that_o it_o be_v not_o a_o sufficient_a recompense_n for_o all_o the_o damage_n he_o have_v suffer_v by_o the_o welsh_a matthew_z of_o westminster_n report_v that_o about_o michaelmas_n this_o year_n the_o bishop_n of_o bangor_n be_v commission_v by_o the_o prince_n and_o nobility_n of_o wales_n to_o treat_v with_o the_o king_n of_o england_n about_o a_o peace_n and_o to_o offer_v he_o 16000_o pound_n for_o the_o same_o upon_o these_o condition_n that_o according_a to_o their_o ancient_a custom_n the_o welsh_a shall_v have_v all_o cause_n try_v and_o determine_v at_o chester_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v free_o enjoy_v the_o law_n and_o custom_n of_o their_o own_o country_n but_o what_o be_v the_o result_n of_o this_o treaty_n my_o author_n do_v not_o mention_v there_o be_v no_o hope_n of_o a_o peace_n prince_n lhewelyn_n a.d._n 1260_o early_a next_o year_n appear_v in_o the_o field_n and_o pass_v to_o south-wales_n and_o first_o fall_v foul_a upon_o sir_n râ—ger_n mortimer_n who_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n maintain_v the_o king_n of_o england_n quarrel_n have_v forcible_o dispossess_v he_o of_o all_o buelht_n and_o without_o any_o opposition_n take_v the_o castle_n where_o be_v find_v a_o plentiful_a magazine_n he_o march_v through_o all_o south-wales_n confirm_v his_o conquest_n and_o afterward_o return_v to_o his_o palace_n at_o aber_n a.d._n 1261_o betwixt_o bangor_n and_o conwey_n the_o year_n follow_v a.d._n 1262_o owen_n ap_fw-mi meredith_n lord_n of_o cydewen_n die_v but_o the_o next_o summer_n be_v somewhat_o more_o note_v for_o action_n a_o party_n of_o prince_n lhewelyn_n man_n take_v by_o surprise_v the_o castle_n of_o melienyth_n belong_v to_o sir_n roger_n mortimer_n and_o have_a put_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o garrison_n to_o the_o sword_n they_o take_v howel_n ap_fw-mi meyric_n the_o governor_n with_o his_o wife_n and_o child_n prisoner_n and_o after_o that_o the_o castle_n be_v demolish_v by_o the_o prince_n order_n sir_n roger_n mortimer_n hear_v of_o this_o with_o a_o great_a body_n of_o lord_n and_o knight_n come_v to_o melienyth_n where_o prince_n lhewelyn_n meet_v he_o burr_n sir_n roger_n not_o dare_v to_o hazard_v a_o battle_n plant_v himself_o within_o the_o ruin_n and_o find_v he_o can_v do_v no_o good_a desire_a leave_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o retire_v peaceable_o the_o prince_n upon_o the_o account_n of_o relation_n and_o near_a consanguinity_n betwixt_o they_o and_o withal_o because_o he_o will_v not_o be_v so_o mean_v spirit_v as_o to_o fall_v upon_o a_o enemy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n to_o resist_v he_o let_v he_o safe_o depart_v with_o his_o force_n and_o then_o pass_v on_o himself_o to_o brecknock_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n who_o swear_v fidelity_n unto_o he_o so_o pass_v on_o and_o return_v to_o noâ—th-wales_n and_o now_o be_v confederate_a with_o the_o baron_n against_o king_n henry_n he_o be_v resolve_v to_o practice_v something_o in_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o english_a and_o so_o set_v upon_o the_o earldom_n of_o chester_n destroy_v the_o castle_n of_o tygannâ—y_n and_o diserth_n belong_v to_o edward_n who_o come_v thither_o be_v yet_o not_o able_a to_o prevent_v the_o mischief_n do_v a.d._n 1263_o to_o he_o by_o the_o welsh_a the_o next_o year_n john_n strange_a junior_n constable_n of_o montgomery_n with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o marcher_n come_v a_o little_a before_o easter_n by_o night_n through_o ceri_fw-la to_o cydewen_n intend_v to_o surprise_v the_o castle_n which_o when_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n understand_v they_o gather_v together_o and_o set_v upon_o they_o slay_v 200_o of_o his_o man_n but_o strange_a with_o a_o few_o get_v safe_o back_o within_o a_o while_n after_o the_o marcher_n and_o the_o welsh_a meet_v again_o near_o a_o place_n call_v clun_n where_o a_o hot_a engagement_n happen_v between_o they_o in_o which_o the_o welsh_a be_v worsted_n
and_o have_v a_o great_a number_n of_o their_o man_n slay_v after_o this_o nothing_o remarkable_a fall_v out_o for_o a_o considerable_a time_n unless_o it_o be_v that_o david_n be_v release_v out_o of_o prison_n by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n his_o brother_n most_o ungrateful_o forsake_v he_o and_o with_o all_o his_o might_n side_v with_o his_o enemy_n the_o english_a also_o gruffydh_n ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n have_v take_v the_o castle_n of_o mold_n demolish_v it_o to_o the_o ground_n during_o this_o quiet_a and_o unactive_a interval_n in_o wales_n meredith_n ap_fw-mi owen_n the_o main_a support_n and_o defender_n of_o south-wales_n die_v to_o the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o now_o indeed_o the_o welsh_a be_v like_a to_o be_v a.d._n 1268_o make_v sensible_a of_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o considerable_a a_o person_n for_o king_n henry_n be_v resolve_v once_o more_o to_o lead_v a_o army_n into_o wales_n and_o to_o see_v if_o he_o can_v have_v better_a success_n than_o he_o have_v hitherto_o against_o the_o welsh_a but_o when_o he_o be_v prepare_v to_o undertake_v this_o expedition_n ottobonus_n pope_n clement_n legate_n in_o england_n interpose_v and_o mediate_v a_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v upon_o at_o the_o castle_n of_o montgomery_n wherein_o it_o be_v article_v that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n shall_v give_v the_o king_n 30000_o mark_n and_o the_o king_n be_v to_o grant_v the_o prince_n a_o charter_n from_o thenceforth_o to_o receive_v homage_n and_o fealty_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o baron_n of_o wales_n beside_o one_o so_o that_o they_o can_v hold_v their_o land_n of_o no_o other_o but_o himself_o and_o from_o thence_o forward_o he_o be_v to_o be_v lawful_o style_v prince_n of_o wales_n this_o charter_n be_v ratify_v and_o confirm_v as_o well_o by_o the_o authority_n of_o the_o pope_n as_o the_o king_n seal_n prince_n lhewelyn_n desist_v from_o any_o far_a act_n of_o hostility_n and_o punctual_o observe_v all_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n betwixt_o he_o and_o king_n henry_n so_o that_o nothing_o more_o be_v outrageous_o transact_v between_o the_o english_a and_o welsh_a during_o the_o remainder_n of_o this_o king_n reign_n within_o that_o space_n die_v grono_n ap_fw-mi ednyfe_v fychan_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a lord_n of_o the_o prince_n council_n and_o short_o after_o he_o gruffydh_n lord_n of_o bromfield_n who_o lie_v bury_v at_o vale-crucis_a a.d._n 1272_o but_o the_o death_n of_o king_n henry_n put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o peace_n betwixt_o the_o english_a and_o welch_n who_o die_v on_o the_o 16_o day_n of_o november_n this_o year_n leave_v this_o kingdom_n to_o his_o son_n edward_n prince_n edward_n be_v then_o in_o the_o holy-land_n and_o very_o active_a against_o those_o enemy_n of_o christianity_n the_o turk_n where_o he_o have_v already_o continue_v above_o a_o year_n but_o understand_v of_o his_o father_n death_n and_o that_o in_o his_o absence_n he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n of_o england_n he_o make_v all_o haste_n to_o return_v to_o receive_v the_o solemnity_n of_o coronation_n but_o what_o by_o the_o tediousness_n of_o the_o journey_n and_o what_o by_o be_v honourable_o detain_v at_o prince_n court_n in_o his_o way_n it_o be_v two_o year_n before_o he_o can_v get_v into_o england_n then_o upon_o the_o 15_o of_o august_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1274._o he_o be_v crown_v at_o westminster_n prince_n lhewelyn_n be_v summon_v to_o attend_v at_o his_o coronation_n but_o he_o flat_o refuse_v to_o appear_v unless_o upon_o sure_a term_n of_o safe_a conduct_n for_o have_v offend_v several_a of_o the_o english_a nobility_n he_o can_v not_o in_o safety_n pass_v through_o their_o country_n without_o the_o danger_n of_o expose_v his_o person_n to_o the_o inveterate_a malice_n and_o acceptable_a revenge_n of_o some_o of_o they_o and_o therefore_o without_o the_o king_n brother_n the_o earl_n of_o gloucester_n and_o robert_n burnell_n lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o england_n be_v deliver_v up_o as_o pledge_n for_o his_o safe_a conduct_n he_o will_v not_o come_v up_o to_o do_v his_o homage_n and_o fealty_n at_o his_o coronation_n according_a to_o the_o writ_n direct_v to_o he_o and_o indeed_o see_v king_n edward_n have_v break_v the_o peace_n late_o conclude_v upon_o before_o the_o pope_n legate_n and_o do_v receive_v and_o honourable_o entertain_v such_o nobleman_n of_o wales_n as_o for_o their_o disloyalty_n be_v banish_v by_o prince_n lhewelyn_n by_o who_o he_o fear_v some_o treachery_n there_o be_v no_o reason_n that_o the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v he_o any_o subjection_n but_o by_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n be_v exempt_v from_o all_o homage_n however_o prince_n lhewelyn_n to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o out_o of_o any_o stubborness_n or_o disrespect_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n that_o he_o refuse_v to_o come_v send_v up_o his_o reason_n by_o the_o abbot_n of_o ystratflur_n and_o conwey_n to_o robert_n kilwarby_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n then_o sit_v â—n_a convocation_n in_o the_o new-temple_n at_o london_n which_o be_v to_o this_o effect_n to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o god_n robert_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n and_o metropolitan_a of_o all_o england_n the_o archbishop_z of_o york_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bishop_n in_o convocation_n lhewelyn_n prince_n of_o wales_n and_o lord_n of_o snowden_n send_v greeting_n we_o will_v have_v your_o lordship_n to_o understand_v that_o whereas_o former_o most_o terrible_a and_o incessant_a war_n be_v continual_o manage_v betwixt_o henry_n king_n of_o england_n and_o ourselves_o the_o same_o be_v at_o last_o compose_v and_o all_o matter_n of_o difference_n be_v adjust_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o his_o excellency_n cardinal_n ottobonus_n the_o pope_n legate_n who_o have_v draw_v the_o article_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o peace_n agree_v upon_o they_o be_v sign_v and_o swear_v to_o not_o only_o by_o the_o kâ—ng_n but_o also_o the_o prince_n his_o son_n now_o king_n of_o england_n among_o these_o article_n be_v comprehend_v that_o we_o and_o our_o successor_n shall_v hold_v of_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n the_o principality_n of_o wales_n so_o that_o all_o the_o welsh_a lord_n one_o baron_n except_v shall_v hold_v their_o barony_n and_o estate_n in_o capite_fw-la of_o we_o and_o shall_v pay_v their_o homage_n and_o fealty_n for_o the_o same_o to_o we_o we_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v homage_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n and_o his_o successor_n and_o beside_o that_o the_o king_n and_o his_o successor_n shall_v never_o offer_v to_o receive_v and_o entertain_v any_o of_o our_o enemy_n nor_o any_o such_o of_o our_o own_o subject_n as_o be_v lawful_o banish_v and_o exclude_v our_o dominion_n of_o wales_n nor_o by_o any_o mean_n defend_v and_o uphold_v such_o against_o we_o contrary_n to_o which_o article_n king_n edward_n have_v forcible_o seize_v upon_o the_o estate_n of_o certain_a baron_n of_o wales_n of_o which_o they_o and_o their_o ancestor_n have_v be_v immemorable_o possess_v of_o and_o detain_v a_o barony_n which_o by_o the_o form_n of_o peace_n shall_v have_v be_v deliver_v to_o we_o and_o moreover_o have_v hitherto_o entertain_v david_n ap_fw-mi gruffydh_fw-mi our_o brother_n and_o gruffydh_fw-mi ap_fw-mi gwenwynwyn_n with_o several_a other_o of_o our_o enemy_n who_o be_v outlaw_n and_o fugitive_n of_o our_o country_n and_o though_o we_o have_v often_o exhibit_v our_o grievance_n and_o complaint_n against_o they_o for_o destroy_v and_o pillage_n our_o country_n yet_o we_o can_v never_o obtain_v of_o the_o king_n any_o relief_n or_o redress_n for_o the_o several_a wrong_n and_o injury_n we_o receive_v at_o their_o hand_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o still_o persist_v to_o commit_v waste_n and_o other_o outrage_n in_o our_o dominion_n and_o for_o all_o this_o he_o summons_v we_o to_o do_v he_o homage_n at_o a_o place_n which_o be_v altogether_o dangerous_a to_o our_o person_n where_o our_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o which_o be_v worse_o our_o own_o unnatural_a subject_n bear_v the_o great_a sway_n and_o respect_n with_o the_o the_o king_n and_o though_o we_o have_v allege_v several_a reason_n to_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n why_o the_o place_n by_o he_o assign_v be_v nâ—t_o safe_a and_o indifferent_a for_o we_o to_o come_v and_o desire_v he_o to_o appoint_v another_o whereto_o we_o may_v with_o more_o safety_n resort_n or_o else_o that_o he_o will_v send_v commissioner_n to_o receive_v our_o oath_n and_o homage_n till_o he_o can_v more_o opportune_o receive_v they_o in_o person_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o assent_v to_o our_o just_a and_o reasonable_a request_n nor_o be_v satisfy_v with_o the_o reason_n we_o exhibit_v for_o our_o non-appearance_n therefore_o we_o desire_v your_o lordship_n earnest_o to_o weigh_v the_o dismal_a effect_n that_o will_v happen_v to_o the_o subject_n
both_o of_o england_n and_o wales_n upon_o the_o breach_n of_o the_o article_n of_o peace_n and_o that_o you_o will_v be_v please_v to_o inform_v the_o king_n of_o the_o sad_a consequence_n of_o another_o war_n which_o can_v no_o way_n be_v prevent_v but_o by_o use_v we_o according_a to_o the_o condition_n of_o the_o former_a peace_n which_o for_o our_o part_n we_o will_v in_o no_o measure_n transgress_v but_o if_o the_o king_n will_v not_o hearken_v to_o your_o counsel_n we_o hope_v that_o you_o will_v hâ—ld_v we_o excuse_v if_o the_o nation_n be_v disquiet_v and_o trouble_v thereupon_o which_o as_o much_o as_o in_o we_o lie_v we_o endeavour_v to_o prevent_v king_n edward_n will_v admit_v of_o no_o excuse_n noâ—_n harken_v to_o any_o manner_n of_o reason_n in_o the_o case_n but_o be_v unmerciful_o enrage_v and_o conceive_v a_o unpardonable_a displeasure_n against_o prince_n lhewelyn_n which_o yet_o he_o think_v convenient_a to_o conceal_v and_o dissemble_v for_o a_o time_n indeed_o he_o can_v never_o abide_v lhewelyn_n â—â—nce_v the_o time_n that_o he_o be_v vanquish_v and_o put_v to_o â—ight_n by_o he_o at_o the_o march_n so_o that_o the_o chief_a cause_n â—f_a king_n edward_n anger_n original_o proceed_v from_o 〈◊〉_d point_n of_o honour_n which_o this_o refusal_n of_o homage_n â—â—rved_v sufficient_o to_o increase_v but_o to_o prosecute_v his_o revenge_n which_o upon_o this_o score_n be_v in_o prince_n very_o â—erce_a and_o unforgetful_a in_o a_o short_a time_n he_o come_v to_o â—hester_n mean_v to_o recover_v by_o force_n what_o he_o can_v â—ot_n obtain_v by_o fair_a mean_n from_o hence_o he_o send_v to_o â—â—e_z prince_n of_o wales_n require_v he_o to_o come_v over_o and_o 〈◊〉_d he_o homage_n which_o lhewelyn_n either_o absolute_o reâ—â—sing_v or_o willing_o detract_n to_o do_v king_n edwardâ—ade_v â—ade_z ready_a his_o army_n to_o force_v he_o to_o it_o but_o there_o a.d._n 1277_o â—â—ppened_v a_o accident_n which_o take_v off_o a_o great_a part_n of_o â—rince_n lhewelyn_n stubborness_n for_o at_o this_o time_n the_o countess_n of_o leicester_n the_o widow_n of_o simon_n montfortâ—ho_n â—ho_z live_v at_o montargis_n a_o nunnery_n in_o france_n send_v over_o 〈◊〉_d wales_n her_o daughter_n the_o lady_n eleanor_n who_o â—hewelyn_n extreme_o love_v with_o her_o brother_n aemeâ—ke_v to_o be_v marry_v to_o the_o prince_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n make_v in_o her_o father_n earl_n montfort_n time_n â—ut_fw-la aemerike_n fear_v to_o touch_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o â—ngland_n steer_v his_o course_n towards_o the_o island_n of_o scilly_a where_o by_o the_o way_n they_o be_v all_o take_v by_o four_o bristol_n ship_n and_o bring_v to_o king_n edward_n who_o receive_v the_o lady_n very_o honourable_o but_o commit_v her_o â—â—other_n prisoner_n to_o the_o castle_n of_o coff_n whence_o he_o be_v afterwards_o remove_v to_o the_o castle_n of_o shirburne_n the_o â—ing_n have_v obtain_v this_o unexpected_a advantage_n over_o â—hewelyn_n begin_v bold_o to_o fall_v upon_o he_o and_o so_o divide_v his_o army_n into_o two_o battalion_n lead_v one_o himself_o â—â—to_o north-wales_n and_o advance_v as_o far_o as_o ruthlan_n where_o he_o strong_o fortify_v the_o castle_n the_o other_o he_o ommit_v to_o paganus_fw-la de_fw-la camurtiis_fw-la a_o great_a soldier_n â—ho_n enter_v into_o west-wales_n burn_v and_o destroy_v 〈◊〉_d great_a part_n of_o the_o country_n but_o the_o people_n of_o south-wales_n fear_v that_o his_o next_o expedition_n be_v level_v â—gainst_a they_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o the_o â—ing_n and_o do_v he_o homage_n and_o then_o deliver_v â—_z castle_n of_o ystratywy_a to_o paganus_fw-la prince_n lhewelyn_n hear_v of_o this_o and_o find_v his_o own_o subject_n to_o forsake_v he_o but_o more_o especial_o be_v desirous_a to_o recover_v his_o espouse_v the_o lady_n eleanor_n think_v it_o likewise_o advisable_v to_o submit_v and_o therefore_o sue_v to_o king_n edward_n for_o a_o peace_n who_o grant_v it_o but_o upon_o very_o severe_a condition_n upon_o lhewelyns_n side_n the_o agreement_n consist_v of_o ten_o article_n which_o be_v 1._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v set_v at_o liberty_n all_o manner_n of_o prisoner_n that_o upon_o the_o king_n account_n be_v detain_v in_o custody_n 2._o that_o for_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o good_a will_n he_o shall_v pay_v 50000_o mark_n to_o be_v receive_v at_o the_o king_n pleasure_n 3._o that_o these_o four_o cantred_n or_o hundred_o viz._n cantref_n ros_n where_o the_o king_n castle_n of_o teganwy_n stand_v ryfonioc_n where_o denbigh_n tegengl_n where_o ruthlan_n dyffryn_n clwyd_n where_o rhuthyn_n stand_v shall_v remain_v in_o the_o king_n hand_n 4._o that_o the_o lord_n marcher_n shall_v quiet_o enjoy_v all_o the_o land_n they_o have_v conquer_v within_o wales_n except_v in_o the_o isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o be_v whole_o grant_v to_o the_o prince_n 5._o that_o in_o consideration_n of_o this_o island_n the_o prince_n shall_v pay_v 5000_o mark_n in_o hand_n with_o the_o reserve_n of_o a_o 1000_o mark_n yearly_a to_o begin_v at_o michaelmas_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n die_v without_o issue_n the_o whole_a island_n shall_v return_v to_o the_o king_n 6._o that_o the_o prince_n shall_v come_v every_o year_n to_o england_n to_o pay_v his_o homage_n to_o the_o king_n for_o all_o his_o land_n 7._o that_o all_o the_o baron_n of_o wales_n except_v five_o in_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n and_o estate_n of_o the_o king_n and_o no_o other_o 8._o that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n shall_v remain_v only_o for_o his_o life_n and_o not_o descend_v to_o his_o successor_n and_o after_o his_o death_n the_o five_o lord_n of_o snowden_n shall_v hold_v their_o land_n only_o from_o the_o king_n 9_o that_o for_o the_o performance_n of_o these_o article_n the_o prince_n shall_v deliver_v up_o for_o hostage_n ten_o person_n of_o the_o best_a quality_n in_o the_o country_n without_o imprison_v disinherit_n and_o any_o time_n of_o redemption_n determine_v and_o far_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v choose_v twenty_o person_n within_o north-wales_n who_o beside_o the_o prince_n shall_v take_v their_o oath_n for_o the_o due_a performance_n of_o these_o article_n and_o in_o case_n the_o prince_n shall_v swerve_v and_o recede_v from_o they_o and_o upon_o admonition_n â—hereof_o not_o repent_v they_o shall_v forsake_v he_o and_o become_v his_o enemy_n 10._o the_o prince_n be_v oblige_v to_o â—uffer_v his_o brethren_n quiet_o to_o enjoy_v their_o land_n in_o wales_n whereof_o david_n for_o his_o service_n be_v dub_v knight_n by_o the_o king_n and_o have_v the_o earl_n of_o derby_n widow_n give_v he_o in_o matrimony_n and_o with_o she_o as_o 〈◊〉_d portion_n the_o castle_n of_o denbigh_n in_o north-wales_n beâ—ides_v a_o 1000_o pound_n in_o land_n his_o other_o brother_n roderic_n be_v late_o escape_v out_o of_o prison_n into_o england_n â—nd_v the_o young_a call_v owen_n be_v upon_o his_o composition_n deliver_v out_o of_o prison_n king_n edward_n have_v impose_v these_o severe_a and_o unmerciful_a condition_n upon_o prince_n lhewelyn_n and_o for_o a_o better_a security_n for_o the_o performance_n of_o they_o build_v a_o castle_n at_o aberystwyth_n return_v very_o honourable_o into_o england_n upon_o who_o arrival_n the_o people_n willing_o grant_v he_o a_o subsidy_n of_o the_o twenty_o part_n of_o their_o estate_n towards_o his_o charge_n in_o this_o war._n but_o it_o seem_v very_o probable_a that_o prince_n lhewelyn_n submit_v to_o these_o intolerable_a condition_n more_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o his_o amour_n and_o to_o regain_v the_o lady_n eleanora_n out_o of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n hand_n than_o that_o he_o be_v apprehensive_a of_o any_o considerable_a danger_n he_o may_v receive_v by_o the_o english_a troop_n for_o it_o be_v hardly_o conceivable_a that_o a_o prince_n of_o such_o notorious_a conduct_n and_o valour_n will_v so_o easy_o accept_v of_o such_o hard_a term_n and_o in_o a_o measure_n deliver_v up_o his_o principality_n when_o there_o be_v no_o necessity_n so_o to_o do_v without_o resist_v a_o enemy_n who_o he_o have_v frequent_o overcome_v and_o force_v to_o retire_v back_o with_o great_a inequality_n than_o the_o english_a have_v at_o present_a over_o he_o but_o the_o force_n of_o â—ove_n work_v wonder_n and_o in_o this_o case_n prove_v moâ—t_n irresistible_a which_o to_o obtain_v lhewelyn_n do_v not_o think_v hard_a to_o forfeit_v his_o proper_a right_n to_o his_o inveterate_a enemy_n and_o for_o ever_o to_o exclude_v his_o posterity_n from_o succeed_v in_o their_o lawful_a inheritance_n the_o next_o year_n a.d._n 1273_o therefore_o he_o have_v his_o wish_n accomplish_v and_o be_v marry_v to_o eleanora_n at_o worcester_n the_o king_n and_o queen_n with_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o person_n of_o quality_n in_o england_n honour_v the_o wedding_n with_o their_o presence_n but_o this_o specious_a amity_n and_o the_o peace_n laâ—â—_n conclude_v betwixt_o they_o
in_o northumberland_n and_o be_v with_o much_o rejoice_v receive_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n but_o before_o he_o can_v secure_v himself_o in_o the_o government_n he_o be_v shameful_o banish_v the_o country_n and_o so_o the_o northumbrian_n elect_v one_o hircius_n the_o son_n of_o harold_n for_o their_o king_n but_o to_o show_v the_o inconstancy_n of_o a_o unsettled_a multitude_n they_o soon_o grow_v weary_a of_o hircius_n and_o after_o three_o year_n space_n expel_v he_o and_o voluntary_o submit_v themselves_o to_o edred_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v eight_o year_n dye_v and_o be_v bury_v at_o winchester_n to_o he_o succeed_v edwin_n the_o son_n of_o edmund_n a_o man_n so_o immoderate_o give_v to_o venety_n that_o he_o forcible_o marry_v another_o man_n wife_n for_o which_o and_o other_o irregularity_n his_o subject_n after_o four_o year_n reign_v set_v up_o his_o brother_n edgar_n who_o be_v crown_v in_o his_o stead_n with_o a.d._n 958_o grief_n of_o which_o he_o soon_o end_v his_o day_n the_o summer_n that_o same_o year_n prove_v so_o immoderate_o hot_a that_o it_o cause_v a_o very_a dismal_a plague_n in_o the_o follow_a spring_n which_o sweep_v away_o a_o great_a number_n of_o people_n before_o which_o gwgan_n the_o son_n of_o gwyriad_n the_o son_n of_o roderie_n die_v at_o this_o time_n jevaf_a and_o jago_n forcible_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o all_o wales_n and_o act_v according_a to_o their_o own_o good_a pleasure_n no_o one_o dare_v to_o confront_v or_o resist_v they_o but_o for_o all_o their_o power_n the_o son_n of_o abloio_n king_n of_o ireland_n venture_v to_o land_n in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v burn_v holyhead_n waste_v the_o country_n of_o lhyn_n also_o the_o son_n of_o edwin_n the_o son_n of_o colhoyn_n destroy_v and_o ravage_v all_o the_o country_n to_o a.d._n 961_o towyn_n where_o they_o be_v intercept_v and_o slay_v about_o the_o same_o time_n die_v meyric_n the_o son_n of_o cadfan_n rytherch_n bishop_n of_o s._n david_n and_o cadwalhon_n ap_fw-mi owen_n not_o long_o after_o the_o country_n of_o north-wales_n be_v cruel_o a.d._n 965_o waste_v by_o the_o army_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o invasion_n be_v the_o nonpayment_n of_o the_o tribute_n that_o the_o king_n of_o aberffraw_n by_o the_o law_n of_o howel_n dha_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o london_n but_o at_o length_n a_o peace_n be_v conclude_v upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n instead_o of_o money_n shall_v pay_v to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n the_o tribute_n of_o 300_o wolf_n yearly_a which_o creature_n be_v then_o very_o pernicious_a and_o destructive_a to_o england_n and_o wales_n this_o tribure_n be_v due_o perform_v for_o two_o year_n the_o three_o year_n there_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o island_n so_o that_o afterward_o the_o prince_n of_o north-wales_n become_v exempt_a from_o pay_v any_o acknowledgement_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n a.d._n 966_o the_o terror_n apprehend_v from_o the_o english_a be_v by_o these_o mean_v vanish_v there_o threaten_v another_o cloud_n from_o ireland_n for_o the_o irish_a be_v animate_v by_o their_o late_a expedition_n land_v again_o in_o anglesey_n and_o have_v slay_v roderic_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n foel_n they_o destroy_v aboffraw_n and_o this_o danger_n be_v over_o jevaf_a and_o a.d._n 967_o â—ago_n who_o have_v joint_o and_o agreeable_o till_o now_o manage_v the_o government_n of_o wales_n from_o the_o death_n of_o howel_n â—ha_n begin_v to_o quarrel_n and_o disagree_v among_o themselves_o and_o jago_n have_v forcible_o lay_v hand_n upon_o his_o brother_n 〈◊〉_d confine_v he_o to_o perpetual_a imprisonment_n these_o heat_n and_o animosity_n between_o the_o two_o brother_n a.d._n 968_o give_v occasion_n and_o opportunity_n to_o owen_n prince_n of_o south-wales_n to_o carve_v for_o himself_o who_o present_o seize_v to_o his_o hand_n the_o country_n of_o gwyr_n and_o to_o a.d._n 969_o augment_v the_o misery_n of_o the_o welsh_a at_o this_o time_n mactus_fw-la the_o son_n of_o harold_n with_o a_o army_n of_o dane_n entere_v the_o isle_n of_o anglescy_n and_o spoil_v penmon_n king_n edgar_z be_v so_o indulgent_a to_o these_o dane_n that_o he_o permit_v they_o to_o inhabit_v through_o all_o england_n insomuch_o that_o at_o length_n they_o become_v to_o be_v as_o numerous_a â—nd_n as_o strong_a as_o the_o english_a themselves_o and_o fall_v into_o â—uch_n lewd_a course_n of_o debauchery_n and_o such_o horrid_a drink_v that_o very_o great_a mischief_n ensue_v thereupon_o the_o king_n to_o reform_v this_o immoderate_a sottishness_n enact_v a_o law_n that_o very_o one_o shall_v drink_v by_o measure_n and_o so_o stamp_v a_o mark_n upon_o every_o vessel_n how_o â—â—at_a it_o shall_v be_v fill_v but_o harold_n have_v take_v pennon_n a.d._n 970_o make_v subject_n to_o himself_o the_o whole_a isle_n of_o anglesey_n which_o however_o he_o do_v not_o keep_v long_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o same_o and_o to_o return_v home_o as_o do_v the_o fleet_n of_o king_n alfred_n which_o he_o have_v send_v to_o subdue_v caâ—rlheon_n upon_o vsc_n and_o now_o be_v rid_v of_o the_o a.d._n 971_o english_a and_o dane_n the_o welsh_a begin_v to_o raise_v commotion_n among_o themselves_o jevaf_fw-mi continue_v still_o in_o prison_n a.d._n 972_o to_o rescue_v who_o his_o son_n howel_n raise_v his_o power_n and_o march_v against_o his_o uncle_n jago_n who_o be_v vanquish_v in_o sight_n be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o country_n to_o â—ave_n himself_o howel_n have_v win_v the_o day_n take_v his_o elder_a uncle_n meyric_n the_o son_n of_o edwal_n prisoner_n and_o pull_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n clap_v he_o in_o prison_n where_o in_o a_o woeful_a condition_n he_o short_o die_v leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n edwal_n and_o jonafal_n the_o first_o of_o which_o live_v to_o be_v afterward_o prince_n of_o wales_n and_o to_o revenge_v upon_o the_o posterity_n of_o howel_n that_o unnatural_a barbarity_n show_v to_o his_o father_n but_o though_o howel_n deliver_v his_o father_n from_o his_o long_a and_o tedious_a imprisonment_n yet_o he_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o restore_v he_o to_o his_o principality_n for_o whether_o by_o age_n or_o infirmity_n he_o be_v incapable_a howel_n take_v upon_o he_o the_o sole_a government_n of_o wales_n which_o he_o keep_v and_o maintain_v for_o his_o life-time_n but_o afterward_o it_o descend_v to_o his_o brethren_n for_o jevaf_n have_v issue_n beside_o this_o howel_n meyric_n iâ—vaf_n and_o cadwalhan_n all_o three_o man_n of_o great_a repuâ—â—_n and_o esteem_n about_o this_o time_n die_v morgan_n hên_o in_o his_o young_a day_n call_v morgan_z mawr_z be_v a_o hundred_o yearâ—_n old_a have_v live_v fifty_o year_n after_o the_o death_n of_o hâ—â—_n wife_n elen_n daughter_n of_o roderic_n the_o great_a by_o whoâ—_n he_o have_v one_o son_n call_v owen_n morgan_z be_v a_o valiant_a anâ—_n a_o victorious_a prince_n and_o well_o belove_v of_o his_o subject_n 〈◊〉_d but_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n owen_n the_o son_n oâ—_n prince_n howel_n dha_n lay_v claim_n to_o ystradwy_n and_o eâ—y_n call_v the_o two_o sleeve_n of_o gwent_n vwchcoed_n be_v thâ—_n right_o of_o morgan_n and_o seize_v upon_o they_o to_o his_o owâ—_n use_v but_o the_o matter_n through_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o clergy_n and_o nobility_n be_v by_o both_o party_n refer_v to_o the_o decision_n of_o edgar_n king_n of_o england_n it_o be_v by_o he_o adjudge_v that_o the_o say_v land_n do_v of_o right_o belong_v to_o morgan_n and_o to_o the_o diocese_n of_o lhandaff_n and_o that_o owen_n ap_fw-mi howel_n dha_n have_v wrongful_o possess_v himself_o of_o they_o the_o charter_n of_o the_o say_a award_n waâ—_n make_v before_o the_o archbishop_n bishop_n earl_n and_o baron_n of_o england_n and_o wales_n at_n may_v be_v see_v at_o lhandaff_n in_o a_o old_a manuscript_n call_v y_o cwtta_n cyfarwydd_n 〈◊〉_d forgannwg_n and_o there_o be_v somewhat_o to_o the_o same_o purpose_n in_o the_o old_a book_n of_o lhandaff_n only_o the_o mistake_n in_o both_o be_v that_o they_o make_v howel_n dha_n the_o intruder_n into_o the_o say_a land_n who_o have_v be_v dead_a at_o least_o twenty_o year_n before_o king_n edgar_n begin_v his_o reign_n howel_n ap_fw-mi jevaf_fw-mi howel_n after_o that_o he_o have_v expel_v his_o uncle_n jago_n and_o force_v he_o to_o quit_v his_o own_o dominion_n â—â—ok_v upon_o himself_o the_o government_n of_o wales_n in_o â—â—ght_n of_o his_o father_n who_o though_o alive_a yet_o by_o reason_n of_o â—â—s_o year_n be_v willing_a to_o decline_v it_o about_o the_o same_o 〈◊〉_d dwnwalhon_n prince_n of_o stradclwyd_n take_v his_o journey_n for_o rome_n and_o edwalhon_n son_n of_o owen_n prince_n â—f_n south-wales_n die_v but_o the_o english_a receive_v a_o â—â—eater_a blow_n by_o the_o death_n of_o king_n edgar_n who_o be_v prince_n of_o