before him like a Proconsull very fondly went to Manlius taking vp souldiours by the way Now was it thought good to Lentulus his coÌ„panions as soone as they heard Cateline to be at Fesule that Lentulus himself Cethegus should beset Ciceros house early in the morning with weapons hid that they being let in bicause of their dignities should speake with him by talke draw him a good way off and when they had him from other coÌ„pany to kil him Then should Lucius Sextius a Tribune by by cal an assemblie by the ordinarie officers accuse Cicero as a maÌ„ feareful troublesome a disturber of the citie when there was no such cause and the night after this Oration of Sextius to set the citie a fire in other .xij. places to spoyle it kil the best me This was y opinioÌ„ of Lentulus Cethegus Statilius Sextius chiefe of y coÌ„spiracie wayted for the time There were embassadours of Sauâ—â— â–ª to coÌ„plain of their gouernours which by Lentulus were admitted to â— conspiracie y they should stirre their couÌ„trie against the Romanes Lâ—â—uâ—us sent Vuiturtius of Croâ—one with theÌ„ to Cateline carying letters without any name The Embassadours being afraide did coÌ„municate with Fabrus Sanga who was their patrone as euery other citie had in Rome Cicero vnderstaÌ„ding this by Sanga appreheded both them Vulturtius as they were goyng away a brought them to the Senate to whom they coÌ„fessed al they had learned of Lentulus and with much â—â—o bewrayed that Cornelius Lentulus had oft sayde y by destâ—â—te â—â— Cornelius should be Monarches of Rome whereof â— were past Cinn Sylla When these things were declared the Senate put Lentulus out of his office Cicero coÌ„mitted euery of the to the houses of the pretors straight returned called ter sentece There was much ado about the counsell house for y truth was not yet knowne â–ª the conspiratours were afraide of themselues The seruaunts fréemade meÌ„ of Lentulus Câ—tâ—â—gus got many artificers with theÌ„ and weÌ„t to the backe sides of the Pretors houses to haue taken away their maisters whiche when Cicero heard he ran out of the counsell house hauing set garde in euery place came againe and hastned the iudgement Syllanus spake first as he that was elected to be Consull next for it was the Romaines maner to haue him speake first that should folow in the Consuls office bicause as I think he should comâ—nly crecute the decrées therby coÌ„sider the more ripely morely of euery of them Syllmus was of opinion y these men should haue extreme punishment and many other consented to his iudgement till Nero muste say his minde who thought it good to kéepe them in prison til Cateline were ouerthrowen and the thing throughly knowne C. Caeser who was not without suspition to be priuie to this coÌ„spiracie with whom Cicero durst not contend bycause he was so accepted to the people added more that Cicero shoulde place them in such Cities of Italie as he thought good til Cateline were dispatched and then to be brought to iudgemente that no eâ—tremitye shoulde be vsed againste so noble men that myghte seeme voyde of cight or reason This sentence seming indistereÌ„t manâ— allowed of it and rashly consented to it til Cato plainely had discouered the suspitioÌ„ against Caesar and Cicero fearing that this night some trouble would folowe that the multitude that were acquainted with the matter and then remayned doubtful in the common place would do mischiefe and for some inconuenience as wel of the one as of the other determined to execute the without iudgement as apparant offenders Cicero brought euery one of them the Senate yet sitting to the coÌ„mon prison and without knowledge of the people put them to death Then he went to theÌ„ that were in the common place and told theÌ„ they haue liued wherat they dispersed with feare were glad to hide theÌ„selues as wel as they could so the citie that at that present was in great feare â–ª receyued a little comfort Cateline had nowe gathered xx M. and armed the fourth part of them was going into 〈◊〉 for more preparation but Antonie the other Consul encountred him in the Alpes and without great ado ouerthrew him as one that suriously had taken so horrible a thing in hand whiche when it came to the triall without order erecuted the sâ—â—ne although neither he nor none other of the nobles that were of that conspiracie would agrée to flée but running among the enimies were slâ—in in the middest of them Thus the rebellion of Cateline which had almost brought the Cittie to vtter destruction was dissolued Cicero y before was only notable for his eloquence nowe also both for worde and deede was extolled and playnly appeared the preseruer of his perishing countrie wherfore thankes were giuen him in the whole assembly and diuerse sholutes of prayse made vnto him wheras Cato thought hym worthy the name of father of the country the people confirmed it with a cry This honorable name being giueÌ„ first to Cicero is nowe attributed also to such Emperors as be worthy For this title is not giueÌ„ to euery king with the rest of his other stile but in tyme with great ado is decreede vnto him as a perfecte 〈◊〉 mony of hys excellent vertue Caesar was chosen Liuetenant for Spaine and of hys cred 〈…〉 was staide in Rome for so much did he owe more than h◠〈◊〉 worth as they report he saide hee had neede of twoo 〈◊〉 and fiue hundred millions to haue nothing yet agreeing 〈◊〉 hys creditours as well as he could he went into Spâ—â—â—e where he did not deale wyth Citie matters or by sessions take order for their causes thinking that nothing serued hys purpose bâ—â— thered men and in tyme subdued all the rest of Spaâ—â—â— til hee had brought it subiect and tributarie to the Romaines He sent muche money to the common treasure of Rome wheresore the Senate graunted him a triumphe he made preparation of a great shew in the suburbs of Rome The tyme of election of newe Consulls was come and he that stode for the office must be present and if he were once entred he could not returne agayne to make triumphs He being very desirous of the Consulship and not yet ready for the triumph sente to the Senate and desired he might aske the office by his friends in his absence although it were against the Lawe But Cato spake againste it so as the lasâ—e day of the election was spent in reasoning Wherefore Caesar set aside the triuÌ„ph and came running to the election desired the office At thys time Pompey was in great power and glory for his victory againste Methridates he required that many things which be had graunted to Kings Princes and other estates might hee confirmed by acte of Parliament The
electioÌ„ as an Image pretence of a libertie in wante of al things did create Sylla a TyraÌ„t to rule as he woulde The office of Dictator hauing some similitude of a TiraÌ„t in old time was sone ended but now that first time without any limitatioÌ„ it was made very tyrannie in déede Only for the names sake of election they chose him Dictator to make lawes vse the coÌ„mon wealth as he thought good Thus the Remaines hauing kings first in the hundred Olimpias after being a populare state with yearely CoÌ„suls another hundred Gréeke Olimps being passed they had kings agayne after the Clxx. Olimpâ— In Greece ther was now no more actiuitie vsed in the Olimps but renning of the race for the Champions other sightes Sylla had remoued to Rome as some recreatioÌ„ to the people after the warre with Mithridates the troubles of Italy for he pretended that he would refresh and coÌ„fort y people after their long laboures to shew a figure of a coÌ„mon wealth he willed theÌ„ to choose CoÌ„suls so first were chosen Marcus Silius Oratilius Dolabella and he lyke a King ouerlooked them Being Dictator foure and twents ares were borne before him as was wont before she old kings He had also a great gard aboute his body Some lawes he made and some he reuoked He woulde haue none to be Pretor before he were Questor nor none Consull before he were Pretor and forbadde any man to haue that office twice before tenne yeares distance The Tribune ship of the people he so defaced and deminished that no man cared greatly for it for he ordeyned that hée that was once Tribune should haue none other authority wherfore all they that were renoumed or noble vtterly refused that office and I can not affirme whether Sylla did translate it to the Senate as it nowe is or no and bycause the Senate was consumed by warre and ciuill discord he chose thrée hundred of the order of Gentlemen to be Senatoures and haue voyce by companies in elections The Seruants of them that were slayne being yong and lustie he made frée to the number of tenne thousande and declared them CitizeÌ„s of Rome and named them of himselfe Cornelians and by this meane he had of the commons tenne thousand to do his commaundemente He prouided the same throughout Italy and to the xxiii Legions that serued vnder him he gaue much lands in diuers Cities as I haue said whereof parte was neuer deuided and part was forfeyte by penaltie He was to bée feared in al things and so ready to anger as he slew in the midst of the Pallace Lucretius Offellâ— by whome he beséeged Marius in Preneste and wonne that Citie and obteyned his great victorie bycause he desired to be Consull before he hadde bin Questor or Pretor being of the Gentlemens order And after he had denyed him he not leauing his sute bycause he trusted in the greate seruice he had done but made request to the Citizens he called the people to a Counsel and thus said Friends know you and giue care to me I haue killed Lucretius bycause he was disobediente vnto me so theÌ„ he shewed a reason A certaine PloughmaÌ„ was bitten with Lyce and stayed his Plough twice to picke them out of his cote but when they bit him the third time he threw his cote in the fire So doc I aduise all as subdued that they doe not proue the fire at the third time Thus he astonished all men vsing his authoritie at his pleasure triumphed of the warre against Mithridates Some in a test called his rule a negatiue kingdome bycause only the name of a King was denied out other turning it to the contrary in déedes named it a playne Tyrannie To so great inconuenience had this warre brought both the Romaines Italians and all other nations partly with Pirates partly with Mithridates and partly Sylla his inuasions partly with consuming their treasure in sedition and oppression of extreame exactions all the nations and Kingdomes all confederates and Cities as wel tributaries as other that by league and oth had ioyned themselues to the Romaine Empire for theyr societie in warre and other seruice liued with their owne lawes and were frée he caused all to pay and to obey him and froÌ„ some portes prouinces granted by league were takeÌ„ away Sylla receiued to his protection Alexander sonne of Alexander Kyng of Aegipt brought vp in the I le of Coo and of theÌ„ deliuered to Mithridates and from him sledde to Sylla and by decrée made hym king of Alexandria being now destitute of a man King bycause the women that were of the royall bloud wanted a man of their kinne thinking to get great gayne of this rich Countrey but the Alexandrines wheÌ„ he had raigned ninetéene dayes sharply bearing himselfe of Silla brought him from the Court into the commoÌ„ schole and there killed him So they for the greatnes of their proper kingdome and not féeling the smart that other had done cared not for others power The yeare following Silla vsing stil the authoritie of Dictator yet to shewe it a forme of populare state was chosen Consull and with him Metellus surnamed dutifull and by this example peraduenture they that be now kyngs of Rome do admit Consuls they them selues be Consuls sometime also thinking it no dishonor to haue that office with a greter authoritie The yeare following the people desired Silla to be Consul againe but he refused it appointed Seruilius Isauricus Claudius Pulcher to that office and he withoute any compulsion gaue ouer the office of Dictatorship fréely being the highest dignitie of all other and surely I maruell that he who was nowe chiefe of all other and alone in authoritie woulde giue ouer so noble a dignitie not to his children as Ptolomeus in Aegipt Ariobâ—rzanes in Cappadocia and Seleucus in Syria but to them that had suffered by his tirannic It séemeth beyoÌ„d reason that he who by violence passing so many perils hadde made himselfe a Prince should so freely leaue it beyond al meÌ„s opinions haue no feare of the alteration After he had killed more than a hundred M. meÌ„ in warre slaine so many ciuill enimies aboue nine C. Senators xv Consuls and 2600. Gentlemen and banished a great number more some of the whiche he spoyled of their goodes some their liues not suffering them to be buryed that he was neither afraid of them at home nor abroade nor of the Cities of some of the which he had bet downe their forts and walles from some takeÌ„ away their goodes and landes and put tributes vpon them but would néedes become a priuate man So great a confidence and fortune had this man that in the middest of the common place he burst say that therefore he gaue ouer his authoritie that he mighte render an accompt of it if he were required The
and turned their backes Antony thinking to make an ende of the warre that daye gaue them the chase and yet tooke but xxx and kylâ—ed lxxx Whiche agayne did much discourage the Romanes since they lost so many at their cariage and wanne so little at this victory The next day Antony returned to his Camp and by the way at the first mette with few of his enimies afterwards more and more and at the last all so as being much molested with them with much adoe he got to the Tentes where the enimie aâ—saulted the trench the which diuers for feare did forsake Wherefore Antony punished euery tenth man and fedde the rest wyth barley The warre was gréeuous to them both for Antony could no more goe a foraging without great losse And the Kyng feared that if his men shoulde lye in the fielde all Winter they would forsake him Wherefore he deuised this policie The noble men of the Parthians suffered the Romanes to carrie awaye their prayes with great commendation of their worthinesse and that the king woulde be glad of peace and so riding néerer the army would rebuke Antony for kéeping them there in so strange a countrey out of the whiche though the Parthians were theyr friends it shoulde be harde for them to escape When Antony hearde of this he caused to be enquired whether these men dyd speake by the Kings consent which they aunswered to be Then he sente to the King that if he woulde restore the Captiues and ensignes he would depart The King sayd he would sende them to him if he would depart quickly Therefore Antony made vp and retired At his going away he did not speake to the Souldyoures as he was wont to doe being very elaquente that way whereat many were offended committing the matter to be done to Domitius Aenobarbus Being in his way one Mardus well acquainted with the Parthian maners whose faith the Romanes had proued before tolde Antony it was best for him to goe so as hée might haue the hilles on his right hande and not to hazarde hys army laden with armour to the Parthian archers and horsemen in the playne way Antony consulted with his counsell pretending yet not to be afrayde of the breache of peace and accepting the counsell as compendious Antony required suretie of Mardw he had him bind him till he came into Armenia So béeyng bound he brought him two dayes quietly The third day when Antony loked for nothing lesse than the Parthians Mardus espyed the banke of a riuer to bée broken downe and the water flowing abroade which he coniectured to be done by the enimie to hynder the passage of Antony Therefore he wished Antony to loke to it for they were not faire off Antony sette his men in order and by and by the Parthians came vppon him whome he receyued with his shotte So there was muche hurte done on both sides till the French horsemen brake vpon them and put them by for that day Antony being taughte hereby went on with a square battel fencing the same thoroughly with the shotte The Horsemen were commaunded to gyue repulse to the enimie and that done not to chaâ—e them farre So when the Parthians these foure dayes had receyued as much hurt as they had done they minded to retire bycause the winter was at hand The fifth daye Fuluius Gallus a valiant man desired Antony to haue a greater bande of shotte and more Horsemen and he would do some notable feate which when he had receyued he put backe the enimie not returning to the armie againe as they did before but pursuing them along without feare whiche when the leader of the rerewarde did sée he called him backe but hée would not obey And whereas Titius tooke the banner to turne backe he put it forward againe and badde hym meddle with hys owne matters and wente so farre as he was compassed of hys enimies and compelled to sende for helpe wherein Canidius that was in greate credite wyth Antony dyd not well for hée sente but a fewe at once which were soone put backe and vtterly hadde bin lost hadde not Antony come wyth hys legions in time and abated the courage of the enimie Notwithstandyng thrée thousande Romanes were slayne and fyue thousande hurte and Gallus wounded with foure dartes of the which he dyed Antony went about wéeping and comforting them they desired him to be content for all was well if he were well Great lone bare the souldyoures vnto him for he was compted one of the best Captaynes of that time The enimies were so encouraged by this victory as they wayted at the Camp all night thinking the Romanes would haue bin gone And in the morning the number was much encreased for the king had sent the horsemens gard of his person but came at no fight himselfe so as there was nowe fortie thousand horsemen Antony woulde haue gone among the Souldyoures with a blacke gowne but his friends woulde not suffer him so he went generall like and praysed them that hadde done well and rebuked them that had done otherwise They prayed him to pardon them and to punish euery tenth man Only they desired him to leaue his sorrow Then he held his hands vp to heauen saying If anye disdeyne of God remained of hys former fortune he desired it might fall vpon him so the Romanes army might be saued and haue the victory The next day he went more warily when contrary to theyr looking the Parthians came â—rolling downe the hill thinking to haue gotten pray and not to haue founde warre The Romanes tooke in their archers and such other into the middest of the battell causing theÌ„ to knéele and they stouping couered them with their shields vppon the which the Parthians arrowes slided off And the Parthians thinking that the Romanes had stouped for wéerinesse made a shoute and came vpon them with their staues at the whiche time the Romanes rose and so encountred with them as they droue them away Thus were they troubled dyuers dayes and made but little way Nowe was there wante in the Campe for they coulde gette no corne and their Cattell was spente partly by losse and partlye by carrying the wounded and sicke men A barly lofe was solde for the waighte of siluer They eate strange hearbes and rootes and some that brought present death with a kinde of madnesse for they coulde do nothing else but roll stones so as all the Campe was almost occupyed in picking and turning of stones The remedye of thys was wyne whyche wanted in the host therefore when they hadde vomited the melancolie they dyed Manye thus dying and the Parthians styll commyng vpon them Antony oftentimes cryed Oh the tenne thousande meaning the tenne thousand Greekes which vnder the leading of Xenophon passed safe a farre longer way in despight of their enimies Nowe when the Parthians perceyued they could not preuayle againste the
betrayd of his army Iupiters Temple in the Capitoll on fire Sertorius fleeth into Spayno Riuer of Poâ— AEsis novve Fiemesino betvveene Spoleto and Ancons The fight betvvene Metellus and Carinna â—â—â—neste not farre from Rome 〈◊〉 novv in Roman â— Seâ—â— not farre from 〈◊〉 The battayle betvveene Sylla and yong Marius Part of yong Marius Souldiers reuolt to Sylla Saâ—â—â—ites killed Sena a Citie in Tuscane an hundreth miles on this side Rome Crueltie of yong Marius agaiâ—â—â— some Citizens P. Antiâ—â—â—â—â— Pap. Carbo I. Domitius and I. Sccuolâ— slayne Sylla entreth Rome Sylla to the people Clusio is vnder the dominion of Sena vvhere Porsena the king of Tuscane helde his court Spanish Horsemen Claniâ— Clanius not farre froÌ„ Naples at the Citie of Acerra Saturnia in Campania Vritanes not farre from Otranto but farre from Rauenna Naples The battell betvveene Carbo and Sylla Fight at Clusio Fight at Spoleto an auntient Citie the vvhiche valiantly droue avvay Anniball after his victorie at the lake of Perugia and stucke continually to the Roâ—maines Carinna fleeth Martius goeth to relâ—â—uâ— Marius The â—my reâ—olte li from Martius M. Lamponius Pom. Telisius Gutta Capu mus come to relceue Marius Marius issueth vpon Lucretius Placentia is in Lombardy vvher Auniball ouerthrevv the Romaines A fight of Carbo and Norbanus against Metellus Airetio one of the tvvelue Cities of Tuseme about thirtie miles from Florence Albinouanus Fimbria killed himselfe in Asia not to be taken of Sylla Albinouanus killeth his friends and fleeth to Sylla The ende of Norbinus at Ebodes France on this side the Alpes Iucullus Placentia novve Pazenca in Lombardy Carbo quayleth The battayle at Clusio A fight before Nome Part of Syllas army fleeth The Portculice let dovvne cause of slaughter Fiftie thousande slayne before the gates of Rome 〈…〉 crâ—eitie againste the â—â—â—â—ites Martius and Caâ—â—â—n put to death Marius killeth himselfe Sylla taunteth The taking of Preneste and cruell handling of it Prenestines plaged Norba The miserable end of the Citizens of Norba There is another Citiâ— of this name in Spayne called Norba Augusta novv Alcan ara Sylla to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sylla to the 〈…〉 Proscoption is condemnation of death vvithout Iudgement Horrible crueltie of Sylla Extremitiâ— Cosyra an Hand in the coast of 〈…〉 Carâ—â— put to death 〈…〉 Faustus Oracle VVhen he vvrote to the Grecianes he named himselfe Epaphroditus that is acceptable to Venus A 〈…〉 Dictator Interrâ—gâ—â—â— A King for the meane time Interea Valerius Flaccus Dictator The office of a Dictator did ende in tvvo monethes Kings Consâ—ls Kings Olimpias a kinde of shevves vsed in Greece euery fyue yeaâ—â—â— according to the vvhich they made theâ—r accomptes of yeareâ— Some 〈…〉 â—â—â—â—â—tion of 〈…〉 〈…〉 â—â—creâ—â—e of Senatoures Servants made free and named Cornelians Lands giuen Lucretius killed 〈…〉 to the 〈…〉 Denied Kingdome All nations plaged by Sylla King of Egipt Thus Alexander vvâ—s left in Coo of his Grandmother Clâ—oâ—atra vvith great riches Alexandrianes kill their king Sylla being Dictator is chosen Consull Metellus Piuâ— The Emperoures vvere Consuls Sylla refuseth the Consulship â–ª Scruilius called Isauricus for Isauria a couÌ„trey in little Asia 〈…〉 eth 〈…〉 e. 〈…〉 us 〈…〉 s 〈…〉 〈…〉 s The rare 〈◊〉 of Sillas 〈◊〉 Confidence of Sylla Sylla suffereth a yong man to 〈◊〉 him The aunsvvere of Sylla Câ—sar follovveth not the example of Sylla Cuma is a pleasant place not farre from 〈◊〉 The povver of Sylla Nevv occasion of sedition by the Consuls C â–ª Catulus and Lapid 〈◊〉 Vision of Sylla Death of Sylla Age of Sylla Happy Contention for the buriall of Sylla Syllas corpse in a â—â—tter of gold Funerall of Sylla The receiuing of his body Prayses of Sylla Affections of men Funerall Oration Faustus his sonne vnder age In the field of Mars â–ª none buryed but kings Contention The Consuls bound by oth Lepidus refuseth to returne to the election Lepidus maketh vvarre A Battel betvvene the Consuls Lepidus ouercome and dyeth in Sardinia in the sea of Libya called Sanda liotis bycause it is like the â—ole of a foote Sertorius Sertorius occasioÌ„ of nevv vvarre Sertorius maketh a Senate in Spayne Perpenna Pompey into Spayne Rodanus Rosne in Fraunce Eridanus Poo in Italy Iustice A vvâ—â—â—â—â—t 〈…〉 A vvhole bande put to deathe Pirenei mountaines diuide Spaine froÌ„ IraÌ„ce â–ª Lusitania Portugall Battel at Sura novve Sucrone Metellus ouerthrovveth Perpenna Sertorius ouercoÌ„meth Pompey A vvhite Harte Some thinke this battel vvas fought at Segobrida a tovvne in that part of Spaine also Seguntiâ— novve called Muruidero Pompey looseth Metellus gayneth â—â—thyâ—ia is the â—â—â—te Region â—o Troy ouer â–ª against Thracia Tvvo regions fell to the Romaines by Testament Trouble Sertorius remoueth the Romains from the guard of his person Sertorius cruell Griefe of the Romains Aragon Sertorius compared to Anniball Sertorius decayeth Perpeâ—â—a Conspiracie Death of Sertorius Miserie causeth pitie Portugales Perpenna founde to be heyre to Sertorius Perpenna cruel Fight betvvene Pompey and Perpenna Ouerthrovv of Perpenna Death of Perpenna VVisedome of Pompey Spartacus Mount de Soma Aenomaus Crissus oâ— Varinius Glaber â–ª P. Valerius vvere ouercome of Spartacus Firste the battel betvvene Spartacus and the Romaines Mount Gargano in Appulia novve called Mount S. Angelo Spartacus ouercometh the Consuls Sacrifice of meÌ„ Thâ—râ—s in Apulia vvhich the Romaines made a colonie and called it Copia Three yeares vvarre Zicin us Crassus Crassus doth execution Crassus ouercomâ—câ—â— The thuâ—â—â—ttel Spartacus â— yetâ— tovvard 〈…〉 The fourth battel Samnites novv Abrâ—â—zo Spartacus holden in Pompey appointed to this vvaâ— The last battel vvherin Spartacus vvas â—â—aint 〈…〉 the châ—eâ—â— Citie of Câ—ipâ—â—â—â— Contention betvvene Crassus and Pompey Crassus seketh to be Consul â–ª after Syllas appoyntment Pompey after the auntient maner Both chosen Consels The people require reconciliation Crassus relenteth first Pompey Pretor had the chaiâ—â— of the lavv Aâ—ddâ—s of houses and proâ—â—â—ion Catâ—ime Catâ—ime â—â—ileth his soune Cateline repulsed and Crâ—erâ— chosen confull Nevv man. VViues vveary of their husbandes Senatours Gentlemen 〈◊〉 vttereth the conspâ—acâ—e Q Carius 〈◊〉 chiefe minister or Cateâ—â—â—◠〈◊〉 The maner of the practise Cicero to be listed the câ—â—tâ— to be burned Cities had paâ—â—ones in Rome 〈◊〉 Cornelius â–ª a great surname in Rome Priuilege of CoÌ„sul elect Syllanus Disagrement 〈◊〉 the coÌ„spiracie 〈◊〉 vvith vvhom Cicero duâ—â—ste not contende 〈◊〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 â—â—Spaneâ—â—yne 〈…〉 ey 〈◊〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 〈◊〉 〈…〉 Pompey Lucuilus againste Pompey Crassus vvith Lucullus Pompey vvith Caesar 〈…〉 yueth 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 〈…〉 by 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 coâ—â—â—â—â—ed by â—n â—â—he Vetiuâ— deade Bibâ—lus gyueth ouer 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 to 〈…〉 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 â—â—â—â—◠〈…〉 by 〈…〉 â–ª Demosthenes Clodius pulleth dovvn◠〈…〉 〈…〉 〈…〉 h 〈…〉 〈…〉 Caeâ—â—r 〈…〉 A 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 Diâ—â—sion of Prouinces The calamitie of Crassus The death of Caesars daughter Rome disordered Fyrst three men â–ª Rome eigâ—te Moneths vvâ—â—â— out a Magistrate Dictator Mâ—â—â—â—â—â—â—yned by Pompey The Authour 〈…〉 â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 of 〈…〉 the 〈…〉 of
AN AVNCIENT Historie and exquisite Chronicle of the-Romanes warres both Ciuile and Foren Written in Greeke by the noble Orator and Historiographer Appian of Alexandria one of the learned Counsell to the most mightie Emperoures Traiane and Adriane In the which is declared Their greedy desire to conquere others Their mortall malice to destroy themselues Their seeking of matters to make warre abroade Their picking of quarels to fall out at home All the degrees of Sedition and all the effects of Ambition A firme determination of Fate thorowe all the changes of Fortune And finally an euident demonstration That peoples rule must giue place and Princes power preuayle With a continuation bicause that parte of Appian is not extant from the death of Sextus Pompeius second sonne to Pompey the Great till the ouerthrow of Antonie and Cleopatra after the vvhich time Octauianus Caesar had the Lordship of all alone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 JMPRINTED AT LONDON by Henrie Bynniman Anno. 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir â—â— Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle WHAT care the almightie King of Heauen hathe of the Princes and States of the earthe though sacred Scripture did not teache vs Prophane doctrine might instruct vs. Homer shevveth that God throvveth his shielde in the vvarre to defende the Prince from harme and that he appoynteth to euerye gouernour a peculiar God for his protection Hovv God plagueth them that conspire againste theyr Prince this Historie declareth at the full For of all them that coniured against Caius Caesar not one did escape violent death The vvhich this Author hathe a pleasure to declare bycause he vvould affray all men from disloyaltie tovvard their Soueraigne The greatest seruice that men can doe is to saue theyr Countrey from daunger The Romanes gaue him a crovvne that saued one Citizen Then hovv many crovvnes deserueth he that helpeth to saue a number They vsed to make a coyne for his commendation vvith this inscription The Senate and people of Rome for Citizens saued Cicero vvas called Father of the Countrey bycause hee kept it from decay All they that in theyr consultations do seeke the like benefite to their Countrey doe deserue the like revvard and prayse and in the testimonie of good meÌ„s hearts they are sure to haue it Then seeyng this Authoures onely purpose is to extoll the princely rule and to procure the safetie of the people I haue presumed to make a presente of hym to youre Honoure that you being in case to do the like good maye receyue the same triumph of your desert Hovv vvorthy the VVryter is to be redde I referre it to the vvitnesse of one vvorthy Prelate of this laÌ„de vvho as he sayd of Plato shal suffice for a multitude Further vvith the manner of the Authoures vvriting I doe not meane to trouble you himselfe shall tell your Honour that such as be in your case may bring to passe that he desireth to the glory of God the honour of the Prince the benefite of the Countrey and renoume of your selfe Your Honoures seruaunt most duetifully bounden H. BINNIMAN The Preface of the Authour THe Romaine people and the Senate did many times contend for makyng of Lawes releasing of debts deuision of landes or electioÌ„ of officers yet was there no tumult nor vprore but onlye discorde and debates in â—iuill maner and that was done with great reuerence one to another The people on a time hauing bene at warre and falling into like contention did not abuse their armour presentlye but stept aside vnto an hil which therof was called Holy where was no violence done but a creation made of an officer of themselues whom they called Tribune of the people to be a restraint to the Consuls chosen by the Senate that they shoulde not haue the only rule â–ª in the Common wealth Of this great hatred and variance grew betwéene these officers the Senate and the people being deuided for them and styrred by ambition sought the one to ouer-rule the other Martius Coriolanus in such a conteÌ„tion beyng vniustly banished fled to the Volscians and made warre against his countrey This only feate of force should a man finde among the old strifes which neuerthelesse was the act of an outlawe But in their common metings was neuer weapon drawn nor â—iuill murder done before Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the people and a deuiser of the Lawes did firste perishe in sedition and many moe with him taken in the Capitol were slain about the Temple Notwithstanding discorde ceassed not by this disgrace euery man being euidently bente against other bringing many times their weapons and now one officer and then an other by this diuisioÌ„ was dispatched in the temples in assemblies and in Courts the Tribunes Pretors or Consuls eyther prouoking to it or working this occasion of it Uncomely contumely of euery trifle and foule contempt of law and right did euer play a part This euil growing great manifest insurrections wer made against the state mightie and fierce armyes were raysed against the countrey banished meÌ„ striuing for restitutioÌ„ or magistrates contending among themselues for offices at home or army abroade Some there were in power like princes and as Monarkes made leaders of seditious armies some would not leaue the army that was deliuered them of the people some without authoritie would leuie straunge souldiers against their enimies striuing whether of theÌ„ should first get the Citie in word against the coÌ„trary factioÌ„ but in déede against the countrey for they inuaded it as an enemy Cruell murders were vsed in some in others proscriptions to deathe banishments consiscations torments intollerable so as no kinde of crueltie was left undone till Cornelius Sylla one of the mightie Captaines of rebellion fifty yeares after Gracchus healing euil with euil made himselfe a Monarke for a time the which kinde of officers they called Dictators vsed in most daungerous times and commonly giuen ouer after sixe monethes were ended But Sylla being in déede Dictator by force perpetuall yet in speach pretending to be elected when he had his fill of that rule alone was the first man as I thinke that durst fréely giue ouer a Tiranicall power affirming he woulde aunswere for his doings if any woulde accuse him and in the sighte of all sortes as a priuate man many times he went to the common place and returned home againe without hurte Suche a feare was there yet of his aucthoritie in them that beheld hym or an astonishmente of the resigning of it or a reuerence that hée offered to aunsweare for hys doyngs or some other curtesie and consideration acknowledging his Tyranny to haue bene profitable to the countrey Thus a while sedition ceassed with Sylla and there was a remedie of the euils that Sylla had done but after hym it began againe til Caius Caesar by election
sent to gouerne Fraunce after a long time being coÌ„mauÌ„ded by the Senate to giue ouer he aunswered that it was Pompey his enimie leading an army in Italy repining at his authoritie in Fraunce that sought to remoue him not the Senate Yet notwithstaÌ„ding he propounded coÌ„ditions That eyther both of them shoulde reteyne their armyes to anoyde suspition of perill Or that Pompey also should leaue his power and liue a priuate life according to the lawes Obteyning neyther of these he marched out of Fraunce against Pompey and his countrey the which he inuated and hym being fledde he pursued into Thessalie and ouercame him verye victoriously in a valiant battayle whom fléeing from thence hée followed into Egipt where he was slaine of that countrey men And when he hadde tarried and set a stay among the princes of Egipt and ouerthrown his greatest enemy who for his worthynesse in the warres was surnamed Great no man nowe being bolde to do anything against him he returned to Rome and was chosen the second Dictator perpetuall after Sylla Then al sedition ceassed out of hande tyll Brutus and Cassius eyther for enuye of his greatnesse or for zeale of their countrey kylled him in the Senate house being most accepted to the people and most expert in gouernement The people of all other most lamented him required his strykers to be punished they burned his body in the common place where they erected a temple and sacrifised vnto him as to a god Then discord reuued and increased so farre as slaughter bannishmente attendures both of Senate men and Gentlemen followed confusedlye the seditious of both sides séeking to sequester his enemye he cared not howe not sparing friendes nor brethren So muche did deadly desire of debate ouerwhelme al natural friendship and alliaunce Yea they wente so farre as thrée men that is to say Lepidus Antony and he that first was called Octauius who being of Caesars bloud and his son by adoption toke of him the name of Caesar did deuide the Romaine Empire as a priuate possession after the whiche deuision falling soone out as was none other lyke Octauius Caesar excéeding them both in wysedome and experience fyrste berefte Lepidus of Liâ—bia which fell vnto him by lotte and then ouerthrew Antonie at Actio and toke froÌ„ him al the rule he had from syna to the Duke of Iomaâ— after these most mightie actes wherewith all men were amased with hys nauy he wanne Egipt the gretest kingdome and of longest continuance after Alexanders reigne and only lefte to make the Romaine state as it is by the which being yet aliue he was of the people of Rome called Augustus and the firste that so had that title He shewed himselfe to be another Caesar yea more mightie than Caesar was as wel touching the subication of his owne countrey as of all other nations not néeding any election or forme of creation to be a pretence to his doings In continuance of time being setled in his state and in all things happy and beloued he left behind him a succession and a lynage to raigne likewise after him Thus the Common welth of the Romaines after diuerse debates came to vnitie and the rule of one How these things were done I haue written gathering the most notable matter that they that lyste may sée the vnsatiable ambition of men in gréedy desire of kingdome ioyned with intollerable paynes and innumerable kindes of calamities The which I haue the rather takeÌ„ in hand bicause dealing with the Historie of Egipt and al these things going before and ending there I was compelled to make rehersal of theÌ„ For by this occasion was Egipte also conquered when Cleopatra toke parte with Antony Now bycause of the multitude of matters I haue deuided them thus The first shall shewe the thyngs done from Sempronius Gracchus to Cornelius Sylla The seconde shall conteine al the actes from that time vnto the death of Caesar The rest shall declare all the dissention that was betwéene the thrée men one against an other and the Citizens of Rome and them vntill the last and greatest feate of Ciuill force in the whyche Augustus ouercame Antonie and Cleopatra at Actio from the which time the Chronicle of Egipt shal take his beginning ¶ The Historie of Appianus Alexandrinus of the Ciuil dissentions of the Romaines The first booke WHen the Romaines first conquered Italy whych they did by little little they toke part of the land and buylded new Cities or sent of their owne people to inhabite the old that by this meane they might be sure of the countrey The grounde that was tilled eyther they distributed or sold it or let it to ferme to the inhabitants The wast which by reason of the warre was very much not hauing euer leysure to make diuision of it they proclaymed in this sort to them that would manure it For the yearely increase of séede grounde they required the tenth part For the places planted with trées and woode they would haue a fifth part For Cattel eyther great or small they appointed a tribute accordingly Thys they did for the maintenaunce of the Italian nation whom they accounted to be men of best seruice that they might always in the wars haue the vse of that were their owne but it came soone otherwise to passe for the rich meÌ„ hauing got the greater part of the vndeuided lande prosumed vpon long prescription of time that no man would molest them and the poore mens small portions lying nygh them either they boughte for a little by persuasion or they encroched to them by very violence and oppression so as now in steade of Manour places they had as it were whole countries bycause they would not haue their husbandemen called anye time awaye to the warres they bought theyr Hynes and Herdes to laboure the grounds and would not sette their countrymen to any worke at all by reason whereof theyr gaine was incredible as well for the yearely profit of their possessions as for the multitude of encrease of those slaues whyche were neuer called to y warre Thus the great meÌ„ grew excéeding riche and euery place was ful of â—crutle generation but the Italians fel into decaye and wante of men and were also oppressed with pouerty by occasion of their continuall pressing to the war and dayly exactions put vpon them And if at any time they were eased of these they felt a further incoÌ„uenieÌ„ce for where they had no land of their owne the rich meÌ„ being Lords of al and they vsing the labour of bondmen in steade of frée men the Italians were vtterly corrupted with rest ydlenes The people of Rome was much offended herewith bicause they could not haue such seruice of the Italians as they had before and whensoeuer they made any expedition abroade they were not without daunger for the great multitude of bondemen at home they could not tel
reteyne his office and so he did at whyche time Octauius nothing abashed made resistance againe Wherefore Gracchus put the matter firste to the vayces and when one company had giuen against Octauius Gracchus turned to him and prayed him to leaue his purpose but he cared not for it and so they procéeded There was fiue and thirtie companies whereof seauentéene had giuen against him with greate furie and where y eyghtenth should haue determined the matter Gracchus againe in the sighte of the people lamentably desired him that being in that daunger he woulde not hynder so profitable and honorable an acte to all Italy nor to withstande so greate desire of the people whyche he ought to further béeyng a Tribune nor to suffer the disgrace of losing hys office Thus hée spake and called God to witnesse that agaynste hys wyll hys fellowe was deposed But when no persuasion woulde serue hée made the decrée Octauius béeyng depriued he secretely conueyed hymselfe away Quintus Mummius was chosen Tribune in his place The lawe of landes was pronounced and the firste officers appoynted to sée it executed was Gracchus hymselfe the lawmaker and a brother of hys name and Appius Claudius hys father in lawe So muche dyd the people feare that all the laboure of the lawe shoulde bée lost vnlesse Gracchus and all hys familie hadde the execution of it Gracchus was maruellously magnifyed for thys lawe and accompanyed of the people to his house as a preseruer not of one Citie or Countrey but of all the nations of Italy Thys béeyng done they that had the day returned to the landes in the Countrey from whence they came for that purpose but they that lost the day remayned discontented and talked that Gracchus shoulde not escape blame when he shoulde bée out of office that durst violate a Magistrate of so greate authoritie and gyue occasion of so manifest sedition in Italy Nowe was it Sommer and the tyme of choosing Tribunes at hande It séemed that the ryche woulde so laboure as the office should bée gyuen to some of Gracchus greatest enimies The tryall béeyng at hande and hée afrayde that hée shoulde not bée elected Tribune for the yeare to come called people out of the Countrey to gyue voyce in the election but they béeyng occupyed in Sommer businesse and the daye drawyng nygh hée was compelled to make the people of the Citie hys refuge and wente aboute to euery one aparte to desire them to make hym Tribune agayne béeyng in daunger for theyr sakes When the daye was come the two firste companyes chose Gracchus but the ryche men cryed that it was not lawfull for one to bée Tribune twyce togyther Rubrio a Tribune to whose turne it came to bée chiefe of the election doubted of the matter Mummius successor to Octauius prayed hys fellowe to committe the order of the election to hym whyche hée dyd but the other Tribunes affyrmed that thys must be tryed by lotte for where Rubrio hadde hys turne the appoyntmente dyd apperteyne to them all The contention béeyng greate and Gracchus hauyng the worse he deferred the discussing tyll the nexte daye and béeyng vtterlye discouraged although yet in office he remayned the rest of the whole daye in the common place beséechyng euerye man to bée hys helpe as though he shoulde streyghte haue bin destroyed of hys enimies The poore men were moued wyth compassion and consideryng that they were not vsed indifferently as Citizens but rather as slaues to the lust of the ryche and fearyng for Gracchus state who suffered for theyr sake with lamentation they all broughte hym to hys house at nyghte and bade hym bée of good chéere agaynste the nexte daye Gracchus béeyng thus encouraged assembled hys parte in the nyghte and gaue them a watchworde to fyghte it out if néede required Then hée went to the Temple of the Capitoll where the election shoulde bée and when the assemblie was come togyther and hée in the myddest of them some of the Tribunes and the ryche men woulde not suffer the election to procéede for hym wherefore hée gaue hys watche worde they that were priuie to it made a greate shoute and beganne the fray some stoode aboute Gracchus to guarde hys person some tore the seates some wrang the roddes and maces out of the Sergeantes handes some rente asunder euerye thyng and bet the ryche menne out of the place wyth suche a tumulte and terroure as all the Tribunes ranne awaye and the Priestes shutte the Temple dores The flying and running was confused and the spéeche not well vnderstanded Some thoughte that Gracchus hadde deposed an other Tribune for spying none of them there it was lyke to bée so Some thoughte hée hadde made hym selfe Tribune agayne wythoute anye Election In the meane time the Senate assembled in the Temple of Faith. Surely I maruell that where the office of one ruler had many times before preserued the state in like troubles that now they dyd not choose a Dictator In former times it was founde most necessarie but nowe neyther in memorie nor after cared for When the Senate as wel as they could had resolued what was to be done they went vp to the Capitoll and Cornelius Scipio Nasica by the name of chiefe Bishop led the way and spake with a loude voice that they should follow him that would haue their Countrey safe Then he pulled the skirte of his gowne ouer hys head eyther to giue a token by his garmēt that the more might followe hint or for a signe to them that sawe it that he woulde fight or for that he would as it were hide from the Gods what he meant to do Being come to the Temple and thrusting in among Gracchus route they gaue place vnto him as to a most worthy man whome they sawe all the Senate follow then dyd his company wring the weapons out of the others handes and gathered the péeces of the broken seates with any other things that they could get in the place and bet Gracchus part so violently as they droue them to the brinke of the hill in the whyche tumulte Gracchus was slayne and many with him at the Temple dores before the Images of the Kings Thus Gracchus béeyng some of that Gracchus that had bin twice Consull whose mother was Cornelia daughter to Scipio that conquered Affrica meaning well to his Countrey but going aboute it vndiscretely was slayne in the Capitoll being yet Tribune As this was the firste mischiefe that was done in the place of election so did it not ceasse till many more were done from tyme to time The Citie was deuided into wo and ioy for Gracchus death some lamented for themselues as well as for him that the present state was no more a common wealth but rather a Cōquest and crueltie Other reioyced at that was done whereby they had obteyned their purpose This was done whē Aristonicus contended with the Romaines for the Lordship of
Asia Gracchus being thus slayne and Appius Claudius dead straight way Fuluius Flaccus Paperius Carbo and Gracchus the yonger tooke vppon them the defence of the law and where the possessioners denyed their lands to be surueyed they made Proclamation that the ouerseers should acuse them of the whiche grewe a multitude of difficult matter for all the lande adioyning togither whither it was solde or deuided to their companions in warre came to bée examined how it was sold and how it was diuided Euery man had not his conueyance nor the portions appoynted them and they that had were found doubtfull And where lande should bée diuided agayne according to the order some of the owners must be put from their groundes and manors to barren séede and from frutefull and well planted places to Fennes and marrish groundes And where at the béginning of the lands conquered there was no great certentie kept now that by decrée all land diuisible must be laboured many had entred vpō their neighbors boundes whereby the forme of the places were confounded and time hadde so altered the rest as it was hard to find the wrong that the rich had done although it were great so was there nothing but confusion euery one changing chopping into others right The Italians were very much gréeued at this sharpe dealing of the commissioners and made sute to Cornelius Scipio that ouercame Carthage to be their defence againste those iniuries who for that he had had there good seruice in the warres was much gréeued they shoulde be misused wherefore he came into the Senate house where he did not directlye speake agaynste Gracchus lawe but shewed the difficultie of the matter and wished it should not be determined of them that had the dealing of it bycause of suspition but of some other that might be thought indifferent the which he quickly obteined as a thing reasonable Tuditanus the Consull was appointed to be the iudge but he entring into the cause and finding it so intricate toke in hande a voyage againste the Illirians séeking that occasion to be ridde of this They that were first appointed for the diuision bycause no man required iustice of them did nothing in the same Héere of an hatred and grudge of the people did growe againste Scipio that he woulde haue more care of the nations of Italie than of the people of Rome whyche for hys sake had dyuers tymes gotten the displeasure of the greate men and twice made him Consull before he might so be by the lawe This beyng knowen his enimies spake manifestly agaynst hym affyrming that he went aboute vtterlye to breake Gracchus lawe by force and violence whyche when the people hearde they were afrayde tyll Scipio in an euening takyng a payre of Tables to note what hée woulde say the next day was founde dead without any wound eyther by the practise of Cornelia mother to Gracchus that hys lawe shoulde not be fordone and by the helpe of Sempronia hyr daughter who was married vnto Scipio whome she loued not nor he hir for that she was foule and barren or rather as some thynke that hée kylled hymselfe bycause he could not fulfill hys promise Some saye that hys seruauntes béeyng racked confessed that certayne straunge men vnknowen to them were lette in at the backe dore and that they did choke their maister and bycause they sawe the people angry with him and to bée glad of his deathe they durst not bewray it Thus dyed Scipio and was not thoughte worthy a publike funerall although he had done so great seruice to his Countrey So muche could presente displeasure preuayle ouer benefytes passed This happe gaue courage to Gracchus faction although the diuision of landes was diuerslie deferred by the possessioners wherof some thought good that all companions in warre shoulde be called to the fréedome of the Citie to make the benefyte the more common and so leaue the contention for land The Italians accepted this very gladly and preferred the fréedome of the Citie before the lande in the Countrey Fuluius Flaccus being Consull and a diuider of land was a great doer in this matter but the Senate did not allowe that they that were their inferiours shoulde now become their fellowes so this deuice tooke no place and the people that was in hope of the diuision was vtterly discouraged till Caius Gracchus brother to him that made the lawe of landes was thoughte the most méete man to be a Tribune who since hys brothers deathe had liued in rest and though many of the Senate enuyed hym yet he stoode for the office and obteyned it with great glory He deuised to deceyue the Senate by makyng a lawe that the people should haue a distribution of a monethes Corne of the common store whiche thing was neuer séene before whereby streight he wanne the peoples heartes and Fuluius beyng his friende he was declared Tribune for the yeare to come for now there was a lawe made that if a Tribune hadde néede of furtherance to performe his promise the people afore all other should make choyce of hym and so Caius Gracchus was chosen Tribune the second time Hauing thus allured the people by his largesse he wanne also the Gentlemen by an other deuice They being in dignitie next the Senatours in the middest betwéene them and the people he turned the iudgementes diffamed by corruption from the Senatoures to the Gentlemen obiecting against them things lately committed that Cornelius Cotta Salinator and Manius Acilius who subdued Asia being opēly condemned of bribery were releassed by the Judges when the Embassadours were present goyng about and crying out vpon them with great slaunder wherof the Senate béeyng ashamed gaue place to the lawe the people proclaymed it Thus were these iudgements translated from the Senatoures to the Gētlemen When this law was made Gracchus as they report sayd he would dispatch the Senate quickly which saying was found true by that followed thereof for where the Gentlemen had the iudgements of corruption banishment and diffamation whyche they vsed extreamely ouer the Romaines and the Italians yea the Senatours themselues all the Gentlemē were like Princes extolled and the Senatoures like slaues deiected beside forth the Gentlemen ioyning with the Tribunes in elections to gratifye them againe in euery thing they would The Senatours were fallen into so great a feare as though the state should streyghte haue bin changed they only hauing the name and the Gentlemē the authoritie who in processe of time did not only ouerrule the Senatours but did them open spight against all lawe They dealte with matters of corruption and felte so of continuall gayne as they vsed theyr authoritie more rigorouslye and moderately They brought in priuie accusours against the rich and by their faction and force ouerthrew the lawes of corruption so as the custome of triall of iudgementes was vtterly ouerthrowne and a new disturbance concerning lawes
a yong man of the Citie of Asculi was deliuered to an other citie as pledge he did vtter it to Seruilius the President of that prouince for at that time it should séeme that the Romaines had presidents in diuers partes of Italy whiche manner Hadriane when he was Emperoure desired to renue but it coÌ„tinued not loÌ„g after his time Seruilius came in great anger to Asculi at a feast and sharply rebuked them wherevpon they killed him bycause they were discouered by hym They killed also Fonteius that was his legate They had the name of Legates among the Romaines that were sent in commission to the Presidents of the Countrey After these two were slayne there was as little courtesie shewed to the rest of the Romaines for they were al killed and their goodes set to spoyle The conspiracie being now opened all the neighboures about Asculi wente to armes The Marsians the Malinians the Vestinians the Marucians and beside them the Picentines the Ferentines the Husians the Pompeyans the Venusians the lapigianes and the Samnites whiche people before had euer bin enimies and hurtfull to the Ramaines All other nations from the floud Lario which floweth as I take it at Linterno to the Gulfe of Ionia did send theyr Embassadors to the Romaines complayning that where the Senate had vsed their seruice and trauell alwayes in getting theyr great Empire they made no regard of it nor for all their paines thought them worthy to be partaker of their Citie To whome the Senate sharply answered that if they repented theyr former doings they shoulde send Embassadors if not they shoulde sende none They as men desperate prepared for the warre and made a common army of all the Cities one of footemen and an other of Horsemen to the number of one hundred thousande The Romaines made power as greate againste them partly of their owne and partlye of the Confederate Cities that yet remayned in league Sextus Iulius Caesar and Publius Rutilius Lupus then Consulles were leaders both as in a warre at hande and daungerous The rest remayned at home to defende the gates and the walles and bycause mens mindes were enâ—angâ—ed thys waye and that waye by reason of the newe lawe they appoynted assistantes to the Consulles whome they called Legates menne of the best â—orte To Rutilius was ioyned Cneus Pompeyus father to Pompey that was surnamed Greateâ— Quintus Capiâ— Caâ—â—s Perpenna and Valerius Messala To Sextus Caesar P. Lentulus brother of the sayde Caesar Titus Didius Licinius Crassus and Cornelius Sylla And beside these Marcus Marcellus These many appoynted to the Consuls serued as Lieutenantes in seuerall places and the Consuls wente ouer all to whome and to the other the Romaines sente euer newe supplyes as in a trouble of greate danger The Italians hadde theyr Captaynes out of euerye Citie besyde the whyche as in a generall cause these were the Generalles T. Afranius C. Ponâ—ilius Marius Ignatius Quintus Pompedius C. Papius M. Lampronius C. Iudacilius Hirius Asinius and Vetius Cato These deuidyng theyr armyes togyther wente agaynste the Romayne Captaynes many tymes with the aduantage and many tymes wyth the losse the chiefe of both the whyche brieflie to declare were these Vetius Cato putte to flighte Sextus Iulius kylied two thousande of hys menne and droue him to Asâ—rniâ— a Citie of the Romayne deuotion where standyng to theyr defence L. Scipio and L. Acilius in slaues apparell fledde awaye and the enimies wyth tyme and hunger consumed them Marius Ignatius tooke Venafro by treason and kylled two companies of the Romaines P. Presenteius dyd ouerthrowe Perpenna a leader of tenne thousande kylled foure thousande and tooke the armoure from the moste parte of the rest Wherefore Ratilius the Consull discharged Perpenna of hys leading and commytted the remnaunte of the Armye to C. Marius M. Lamponius slewe eyghte hundred of them that were with Licinius Crassus and chased the other to the Citie of Grumentâ— C. Papius gâ—tâ— Nola by treacherie and made Proclamation to two thousande Romaines that were there to come and serue whyche they dyd and hée accepted them but the Captaynes that refused to obey hys Proclamation hée tooke and famished them to deathe He waâ—â—e also Castabuli Minturnio and Salerno that were habitations of Rome and caused all the prisoners and Captyues to serue in hys Campe. He burned all aboute the compasse of Nuceria whyche caused the nexte Cities to yéelde for feare Hée requyryng an armye of them they sente hym tenne thousande menne and one thousande Horse wyth the whyche hée beséeged Acerre â–ª Sextus Caesar wyth tenne thousande Frenche footemen and manye Numidian Horsemenne approched to Acerre Papius broughte out of Venusio Oxintha sonne to Iugurthe sometyme Kyng of Numidia where hée was kepte of the Romaines and claddyng hym wyth Purple shewed hym manye tymes to the Numidianes that were wyth Caesar of the whyche manye fledde thycke vnto hym as to theyr kyng Wherefore Caesar sente awaye the rest as suspected into theyr Countrey after the whiche Papius came vppon hym wyth contempte and bette downe parte of hys trenche Hée sente hys Horsemenne aboute whyche kylled syxe thousande of Papius Souldyoures whiche done Caesar remoued the Campe from Acerre To Iudacilius in Iapigia the Canusians Venusians and manye other Cyties dyd yeelde some that woulde not hée ouercâ—me and as manye noble menne of the Romaynes as he founde hée slewe the Commons and the slaues hée vsed in hys 〈◊〉 Rutilius the Consull and C. Marius made Brydges not farre asunder to passe ouer the Riuer of Liris Vetius Cato camped nigh the bridge of Marius and layde an ambushe ouer agaynste the Consuls bridge In the morning he suffered him to passe ouer and set vpon him with that sleyght and many of his people he killed on the lande many also he drowned in the flaud The Consull in this conflict was hurt in the head and dyed shortlye after Marius being at the other bridge and perceyuing y chance by the bodyes that were brought by the streame passed the floud with great speede and set vppon Catos Camp kept off a few and made him lodge the nighte where he had wonne the day from whence for lacke of victuall he was compelled to depart Futilius corpse and many other Gentlemen being sent to Rome to be burned it was an heauie sight to sée the Consull and so many other destroyed and cause of many daies mourning wherefore the Senate decréede that they that dyed in the warre should be buryed there least the other by the sight should be made afraide to goe to the fielde No successor was made to Rutilius that yeare bycause Sextus Caesar had no leysure to goe to the election but hys host the Senate appointed Caius Marius and Q. Caepio to rule Q. Pompedius lying against Caepio fledde as a ruÌ„nagate and brought two slaues as pledges cladde in purple as his sonnes and to haue the more credite
one houre and in the meane tyme sette Ladders to the walles whyche were made of woodde and at the ende of the houre sette them on fyre They béeyng afrayde yéelded yet he spoyled it bycause they yéelded not of good will but of necessitie Other that yéelded he receyued till he had subdued all the Hirpian nation Then he wente againste the Samnites not that way which Mutâ—luâ— their Captaine kepte but an other vnknowen by a compasse and came vppon them suddainely and killed many of them and the other ranne hither and thither and Mutilus was hurt and with a few fledde to Asernia Sylla went against the Brianes where the common counsell of the factions were kept This Citie had thrée fortresses and whyles the Brianes came wholly against Sylla he sente aboute certayne whome he willed to take any of the fortresses that they coulde and to signifye it by a smoke whiche being done he gaue a hote assault on the front thrée houres togither and gote the Towne These things that Sommer were happily done of Sylla and toward winter he went to Rome to stand for the Consulship C. Pompeius subdued the Marsians Marusians and the Venusians C. Cossonius a Lieutenant did burne Salapia and tooke Canue By the comming of the Samnites with whome he fought valiantly till many dyed on both sides He was fayne to leaue the séege of Canutiâ— and goe to Canue Trebatius the Captayne of the Samnites sente vnto Cossonius that eyther he should come ouer the riuer that deuided their armies to fight or goe backe that he might come to him he weÌ„t backe and when Trebatius was comming ouer Cossonius set vppon him and had the better in the fight and as he woulde haue fledde ouer againe he killed fiftéene thousande of Trebatius men who with them that were left fledde to Canusio Cossonius hauing spoyled the landes of the Larineans Venutians and Asculans inuaded the Podiceans whome he wanne in two dayes Cecilius Metellus became his successor to his army who went against the Iapigians and ouerthrew them by battayle in the which Pompedius one of the Generalles of the reuolted people was killed the rest fled by heapes to Caecilius This was the sharpe contention in Italy called the fellowes warre till all the same were receyued into the ciuilitie of Rome Except the Lucanes and Samnites the whyche as it should séeme were after receyued also and were appointed to their seuerall companies as the former least beyng ioyned with the olde they should being more in number haue the vpper hand in elections Now beganne the Usurers to contende one against an other in the Citie bycause some had bought debtes with the interest beyng forbidden to take vsurie vpon vsuries by an olde law and a payne appoynted to him that so woulde vse his vsuries It should seeme that the olde Romaines detested vsurie as muche as the Greekes as a matter intollerable to the poore and cause of debate and euill will. The Persians also by like reason did accompte it full of fraude and leasing but vsurie being confirmed by custome and time they required it accordingly The other alleadged cause of delay through war and sedition and some threatned the vsurers with the statute Asellio a Judge to whome that iurisdiction belonged sought to agrée them but coulde not wherefore he gaue them leaue to trie the controuersie by lawe putting the Judges in remembrance as well of the custome as of the law as a thing doubtfull When the Usurers hearde Asellius make mention of the olde law they were gréeued and kylled him after this manner It was his turne to make oblation in the common place to Iupiters children the multitude standing about the sacrifice one of the former threw a stone at him and hit him wherefore he flong downe the vessell of sacrifice and ranne toward the Temple of Vesta where being preuented and excluded be fledde into a shoppe and there they slew him Many that went after him thinking he had bin fledde among the Virgines ranne into places where it was not lawfull for men to come Thus Asellio a Judge sacrificing and cladde with an holy vesture of golde as in such solemnities is wont was killed the second houre among the Temples in the miost of the common place The Senate made Proclamation that who so euer woulde bewray the killer if he were a fréemaÌ„ he should haue siluer if he were bond he shoulde haue fréedome if he were priuie to it he shoulde haue pardon but no maÌ„ would do it for the Usurers kept it secrete These murthers and ciuill dissentions hapned yet now and then but afterward Captaynes of sedition with great armies contended togither by law of warre their Countrey staÌ„ding as a pray to them that could catch it the beginning procéeding whereof after the followes warre was this When Mithridates King of Pontus and other nations hadde inuaded Bithinia Phâ—â—gia and Asia confining to the same as I haue shewed in my Booke of that matter it was by lotte assigned to Sylla the Consull béeyng yet in Rome to gouerne the armye in Asia in that warre of Mithridates But Marius who thoughte thys warre woulde be easie to dispatch and very muche worth desirous also of the Generalles roome attempted P. Sulpitius Tribune of the people with manye promises to be hys friende And he putte the newe Citizens of Italy in good hope that were inferioure in elections to be distributed thorough all the Companies not shewing that hée wente aboute any matter of his owne that hée myghte vse them as faithfull ministers in all assayes Sulpitius straightway propounded a law for it which if it had taken place Marius and Sulpitius should haue had their willes in all bycause the new Citizens did so farre excéede the olde which thing the auntients perceiuing did stoutely resist the new and both sides vsed stones and staues in their defence This euill growing still greater and the Consuls fearing the passing of the law that was at haÌ„d did proclayme a vacation for many dayes as in festiuall tymes was wont to be done that some intermission mighte be hadde of this lawe and inconuenience Sulpitius coulde not abyde thys vacation and therefore willed hys faction to come to the common place with weapons hidde and do as should fall out not sparing the very Consuls if néede were Thys done he spake agaynste the vacation as a thing contrarye to the lawe and bad the Consulles Sylla and Q. Pompey forthwyth to reuoke it that he mighte procéede to the approbation of the lawe A tumulte began and they béeyng prepared drewe their daggers and threatned to kyll the Consulles if they spake agaynste them wherefore Pompey secretely fledde and Sylla went asyde as to take aduice But Pompeys sonne béeyng sonne in lawe to Sylla was kylled of Sulpitius faction bycause hée spake somewhat liberally agaynste them Then Sylla returned and reuoked the vacation and
and being afraid of these doings woulde not returne to Rome albeit y Tribunes did earnestly require him to come to y election of a new fellow in office at leÌ„gth threatning him y they would make him priuate he came propounded the electioÌ„ of a new Consul The day being vnlucky hée appointed an other That daye also lightnings falling vpon the Temple of the Mone Goddesse of Corne y maisters of Ceremonies did differre y election till after y standing high of the Sommer Sunne so Carbo was CoÌ„sul alone In the meane tune Sylla made this answere to theÌ„ that came to him froÌ„ the Senate that he could not be friend to them that had dealte so outragiously by him but with the Citie that desired his preseruation he had no quarrell yet he said they should be most sure that would trust to him whome to defend he had a welwilling armye By thys woâ—de it was chiefly vnderstanded that he woulde not dissolue his army but intended to play the Tyrante He requyred hys dignitie hys substance his Priesthode and anye other office he had to be restored vnto him without exception and with the Embassadoures he sente certayne of his to require the same â—he whiche hearing that Cinna was slayne and the Citie troubled returned from Brunduse to Sylla doing nothing then Sylla with fiue Legiones of Italyans syxe thousand Horse and certaine other of Pelopâ—neso and Macedonia marched hauing in the whole fortie thousande from Pireo to Patra and from Patra to Brunduse with xvj hundreth Shippes The Brundusianes receyued him willingly wherfore he gaue them priuiledges which they yet holde From thence he remoued his army and went forward Mesellus surnamed the duetifull that was lefte to finishe the fellowes warre and for Cinna and Marius came not into the citie but remayned in Liguria to sée what would happe came vnto him â—ncalled as fellow in the warre and he accepted his societie as yet Proconâ—ull for they that be once chosen do continue till they returne to Rome After Metellus Câ— Pompeius that not long after was called greate sonne to him that was killed with the lightnyng as we sayde before came vnto him with a legion of the Picenes who for the glory of his father mighte doe muche with that people and to auoyde suspition â–ª not thought to be Syllas friende and shortly after brought twoo legions more and was the moste forwarde man in the aâ—auncement of Sylla wherfore Sylla had him in greate honour and as they say would onely rise to him when he came though he was but very yong and this warre ceasing he sente him into Lybia to breake Carbos friendes there and to restore Hiempsall whome the Numidians had expulsed for the whiche Sylla graunted him to triumph of the Numidians beyng yet yong and but a gentleman By this meane Pompey growyng greate he was sente into Spayne agaynste Sertorius and after into Pâ—ntus agaynst Methridates Cethegus also came to Sylla that was his most earnest enimie with Cinna and Marius and with them put out of the Citie He humbled himselfe vnto him and promised to do what seruice he woulde haue hym Thus hauing a very greate army and many noble friendes hée vsed them as Lieutenants but he and Metellus were yet Proconsuls and had the highest place for it was thought that Sylla being Proconsul in the warre against Mithridates was not yet discharged of it though he were iudged a Rebell of Marius The haâ—e he bare to his enimies was gréeuous and close who being in the Citie and well coniecturing of his nature by his last inuasion thereof hauing the taking of the same yet in their eyes and their decrées made against him still in memorie his house ouerthroweÌ„ in their sight his goodes conâ—â—â—cated his friends killed and his familie hardly escaped were in maruellous feare and thinking no meane to be betwéene victorie and vtter destruction did with feare conspire with the Consuls against him They sente aboute Italy they gathered men and money leauing off nothing in thys extremitie eyther of foreâ—ight or diligence Caius Norbanus Lucius Scipio both Consuls and with them Carbo who the yeare before was in authoritie hauing all like hate againste Sylla with feare conscience of that they had done against him more than other gathered in the Citie as great an army as they could and an other out of Italy and went seuerally againste Sylla with two hundred bands of fiftie men at the firste but after with more than these for the fauor of most men enclyned towarde the Consuls for the doings of Sylla comming againste his countrey had the shewe of an enimie but that the Consuls and their friends dyd had a pretence of the state The common sorte knowing their former offences ioyned with them as partakers of their dread for they perceiued certainly that Sylla did not minde the correction afraying or punishment of a fewe but the destruction slaughter and vtter vndoing generally of all whiche opinion was not vayne for this warre consumed all in the which tenne thousand tweÌ„tie thousand did many times fall in one fight and about the Citie fiftie thousande of both sides was slayne and to the rest Sylla lefte no kinde of crueltie vndone neyther to priuate men nor to whole Cities till he had made himselfe a Monarke of the Romaine Empire and brought all to his will and pleasure All this was as it were by inspiration shewed before vnto them for fearefull things againste reason did vexe all men priuately and publikely ouer all Italy and the olde prophestes most fearefull were called to memorie and menye Monsters were dayly séene A Mâ—le did bring forthe A Woman deliuered a Uiper for a child God with earthquakes shaked the Citie and ouerthrewe many Temples and that that most gréeued the Romaines the Capitoll that before from the Kings had continued foure hundred yeares was sette a fyre and no man coulde tell the cause all the which did foreshew the multitude of men to be killed the ouerthrowe of Italy the Captiuitie of Rome and hir Citizens and the change of the common wealth This warre beganne when Sylla arriued at Brunduse the CLXXIIII Olympiad The length of it is not so great as the sharpnesse of the extremities euerye man his priuate meanes was followed bycause the vehemencie of their affections caused in short time the more and sharper effects to followe Thrée yeares it continued in Italy till Sylla gote the principalitie In Spayne it continued longer but the battayles the skirmishes the expugation of fortes the séeges and all the formes of warres in Italy both of the whole armies and of part of them by their seuerall Captaynes were many and al notable The greatest and most worthy of the whiche to speake brieflie were these The first was at Canutium by the Proconsuls against Norbanum where Norbanus lost vj. M. men and Sylla lxx
but many moe were wounded Norbanus fledde to Capua Sylla and Metellus being at Theano Lucius Scipio came with an other armye verye faintly and desired peace might be made They that were wyth Sylla sent to Scipio to agrée vpon articles not so much hoping so to do any good as bycause they thought his army woulde rather reuolt by reason of their discouragemeÌ„t yet they met Scipio tooke hostages for the agréemeÌ„ts went came into the field Thrée of eyther side did conferre so as it was not knowen what they dyd Scipio thought good to send Sertorius to Norbanus his felow to signifie what was spoken of both armies remaining in quiet loking for answere Sertorius in his iourney tooke Swessa that was a towne of Syllas Sylla sent a messenger to complaine with Scipio He either priuie to the fact or doubting of the answere as a thing not fitte for Sertorius sent the hostages againe to Sylla His army being offended at this déede of Sertorius in a time of treaty and at the sending againe of the hostages not being required layde al the blame vpon the Consuls priuily coÌ„pacted to reuolt to Sylla if he would draw néere which he doing they al weÌ„t vnto him leauing Scipio the Consull Lucius his sonne in the tente were taken of Sylla Me thinke it is a strange thing farre vnfitte for a Captayne to be ignoraÌ„t of such a practise of his whole army WheÌ„ Sylla could not persuade Scipio he did let him his sonne goe without hurte sent other meÌ„ to Norbanus to treate of conditions eyther bycause he was afraid of the force of Italy y conspired with the Consuls or y he went about to deceiue him as he had done Scipio but no man coÌ„ming with answer bycause it séemeth Norbanus feared the like blame of his army Sylla marched toward him wasting al things as an enimie Norbanus did the like but toke other wayes Carbo made hast to the Citie proclaimed Metellus other that were gone to Sylla Rebels At this time the Capitoll was on fire some say it was Carboes worke or the Consuls some say Sylla sente to do it but the certeÌ„tie is vnknowen I could neuer learne which way it came Sertorius being before choseÌ„ Pretor of Iberia after he had deteined Swessâ— he fled into his prouince and the former Prefors not receiuing him it caused the Romaines to haue much to do The army of y Consuls encreased euery day froÌ„ the more part of Italy from the hither side of France aboute Eridanus the Riuer Sylla was not idle but sente some of his into euery place of Italy He gote many for loue some for feare some for money and some for hope and thus was the rest of that Sommer consumed The yeare folowing Paptrius Carbo agayne and Marius nephew to the mighty Marius being xxvij yeares old were chosen Consuls the Winter the cold continuing long did deuide theÌ„ asunder At the beginning of the Spring about the floud Aesis froÌ„ morning tyl midday was a greate battaile fought betwixt Metellus and Carinna one of Carbos Pretors at the which Carinna losing manye fled away all the Countrey yéelded to Metellus forseâ—ke the Consuls Carbo came vpoÌ„ Metellus beseged him til he heard y Marius the other Consull had a great ouerthrow at Preneste Then he remoued his CaÌ„p toward Arimino y rereward wherof was set on of Pompeius and greately distressed Sylla tooke Settâ— Marius who was lodged nigh him withdrew by little little til he was come to the place called Holy Port there he set his meÌ„ in order and gaue Sylla a battel in y which he fought very fearcely til his left wing began to giue backe of the which fiue baÌ„ds of footemen two of HorsemeÌ„ not loking for any other turne threw downe their ensignes fled to Sylla this was the cause of Marius ruine for after many were slayne y rest fled to Preneste whom Sylla followed in chace The Prenestines did receyue them that came first but when they saw Sylla at hand they shut the gates tooke in Marius with ropes The other about the walles were al slayne taken wherof many being Samnites Sylla coÌ„manded to be killed as antient enimies to the Romaines At this time also the residue of Carbes army was ouercome of Metellus fiue bands whiles they fought reuolting vnto him Pompeius ouerthrewe Marcius at Sena sacked the Citie Sylla hauing Marius shut in Preneste made a treÌ„ch about the Citie a great wall a good way off appointing Lucretius Offella to y charge not otherwise meaning to deale with Marius but with famine Marius not loking for any help would néedes kill his priuate enimies and sent to Brutus the Pretor of y Citie to assemble theÌ„ for another purpose to kil Pub. Ant stius the other Papirius Carbo Lucius Domitius Lucius Sceuola the great Bishop of the Romaines These two were slayne in couÌ„sell as Marius commanded Domitius fléeing was strickeÌ„ at his going out Sceuola was slaine a little before the Senate house Their bodies were cast into the Riuer for now it was out of vse to burie theÌ„ that were killed Sylla sent his army seuerally by diuers wayes to Rome willed theÌ„ to take the gates of the Citie if they were repulsed to retyre to Ostia The Cities receiued theÌ„ as they came with great feare and opened their Gates wheÌ„ they would come in and wheÌ„ they came to the Citie it selfe they opened the Gates for being pined wyth hunger and oppressed with desperation of presente euils they were in vre to suffer the mightier power whiche Sylla when hée knew came forward with his Camp and planted it in the fielde of Mars before the gates and entred All the contrarye faction fléeing out of the Citie their goodes he made common or caused them to be sold by Trumpet He called the people to a Counsell and lamenting the present time badde them be of a good chéere for he woulde set all in quiet and bring the common wealthe to better estate and whatsoeuer he should ordeyne all should be for the best Hauing thus disposed his matters leauing certayne of his friends to garde the Citie he went to Clusio where the remnant of the warre was In the meane time certayne Spanishe Horsemen sente from the Captaynes of Iberia came to the Consuls with whome Sylla making a fight on Horsebacke he kylled fiftie of them at the floud Clanâ—â— and two hundred and 70. fledde vnto him the residue Carbo destroyed eyther hating the suddaine reuolting of that natioÌ„ or fearing the like losse by them At that time with the other part of his armyes Sylla ouercame his enimies about Saturnia and Metellus comming to Rauenna by shippe did winne the region of the Vritanes abundante with grasse and Corne. Certayne other of Syllas people entring Naples
declared Consul and requested of the Senate a little longer tyme for hys office in Fraunce or at the least for parte of it But Marcellus that was Consull after Pompey was agaynst it the whiche when it was tolde Caesar be layde hys hande vpon the hilte of his sworde as they say and answeared Then thus shall gyue it me Hes buylded newe Como night vnto the Alpes with the priuiledges of Italie whiche is that so many as be officers a yéere shall be Cittizens of Rome whiche was a greate prerogatiue to Italie One of newe Como that had thus borne office and thereby thought to be frée at Rome Marcellus in despight of Caesar did beate with roddes whiche the Romaines doe not suffer formo cause and in rage he bewraying his harte bad him take this token of hospitalitie and goe shewe it to Caesar This spight vsed Marcellus and perswaded to sende successours to his prouinces before the time expyred But Pompey was agaynst that vnder a shewe of conueniencie and beneuolence that it was not méete that so noble a man so many wayes profitable to hys Countrey shoulde be thus maligned for so shorte a tyme and decréed that with tyme Caesar shoulde gyue ouer hys rule After this Caesars chiefe enimies were chosen Consuls Aemilius Paulus and Calidius Marcellus cousin to the former Marcellus Curio an other greate enimie of Caesar was elected Tribune well beloued of the people a great speaker Caesar coulde not winne Claudius for no money but Paulus he made hys friende with an hundered and fiftye talentes that he shoulde neyther doe wyth hym nor against hym it coste him more to win Curio bycause he was so muche in debt Wyth this money Paulus builded a publique place called Paulus Palaice one of the fayre workes of Rome Curio that he shoulde not be discouered by change of the sodaine required the office of making and pauing of many and long high wayes and to be ouerséer of the same fiue yeares togither knowing he should obtaine none of these and trusting that Pompeys friends would speake against him so haue some pretence against PoÌ„pey which things coÌ„ming to passe indéed as he thought he had an occasioÌ„ of offeÌ„ce Claudius propounded to send successours to Caesars prouinces for the time was now at hand Paulus said nothing Curio seeming to disseÌ„t froÌ„ both praised Claudius opinion as agréeing to it said it was meete that Pompey shoulde giue ouer both prouince and armye as well as Caesar for so should the state of the Citie bée cleare and out of feare on bothe sides Many being against this as not right bicause Pompeys time was not yet expired Curio theÌ„ shewed himselfe plainely and sharply that it was not reason to sende successours to Caesar vnlesse Pompey did giue ouer for being suspitious the one of the other the Citie shoulde neuer haue sure peace vnlesse all men were priuate Thus he spake bicause he knewe that Pompey would not leaue his power and bycause he saw them offended with him for hys iudgementes of corruption Thys opinion beyng honest the people praysed Curio as the only man that for the common weale cared for neyther of their displeasure and they brought him home casting floures as vpon a champion of a great and difficult cause For at that tyme nothyng séemed more daungerous than to dissent from Pompey who passing about Italy somewhat sickely subtitlye sente vnto the Senate praysing Caesars actes and rehearsing his owne froÌ„ the beginning and that the thirde Consulshippe being giuen hym and prouinces with an army accordingly he did not séeke it but was called to it beyng thought méete for the redresse of the common wealth and that I quoth he receiued vnwillingly I doe willingly giue ouer to them that will haue it before my time prefixed The manner of this writing wrought a good lyking to Pompey and a misliking to Caesar that woulde not giue ouer when his time was ended When Pompey was come to the Citie he spake as muche in effect and then promised to giue it ouer and as a friend and welwiller to Caesar toke in hand that hée also would leaue with glad mind For now being in yeares and hauing taken greate paines in the armies againste most fierce nations and wonne great honor to his Countrey he would séeke rest with the offices and sacrifices of the Citie Thus he spake that successours might be straight sent to Caesar and he standing vpon his promise only But Curio correcting his sutteltie sayd it was not ynough to promise but to giue ouer in déede nor that Caesar shoulde be put from his armye before he were in priuate state neyther shoulde it be commodious for him to mainteyne priuate eâ—mitie neyther for the Romaines that suche a power shoulde be with one rather than with the other that if eyther of them woulde hurt the Citie the other shoulde haue to resist and nowe holding in no longer he openly reprooued Pompey as a séeker of tyrannie and if it were not nowe that he gaue ouer hys army for feare of Caesar he would not giue it ouer at all therfore he thought good that if they disobeyed they should both be declared enimies and an army gathered against them by this talke be couered that he was corrupted by Caesar Pompey being gréeued and threatning went angerly away into the suburbes The Senate now had them both suspected but thought Pompey the more tractable Caesar they misliked bycause of their suspition in his Consulship and therefore did not thinke it safe to dissolue Pompeys power vnlesse Caesar did resigne being abroade and of a more aspiring mind but Curio was against it and that it was expedient that after Pompey Caesar also should giue ouer all which when he could not obteyne he brake vp the counsell leauyng all vnperfite for so might a Tribune do Wherfore Pompey repented him that he had restored the Tribuneship to the auntient power which Sylla had made very sleÌ„der Only this was decréed at their departure that Caesar and Pompey shoulde be sente into Siria to â—â—â—â—e the Countrey bycause of Crossâ—â— misfortune And Pompey vâ—â—â—â— policie required his legion againe that he had lente Caesar â—â—â—â—r the loâ—se of 〈…〉 and Câ—tta hys Captaynes 〈…〉 gaue euery man two hundred Drammes and sent them to 〈…〉 and with them sente another of hys owne but beeyng vnderstanded y there was no danger in Syria they went to winter at Capua They that were sente of Pompey for them to Caesar tolde many hard tales againste Caesar and made Pompey beléeue that Caesars army being wasted with wéerâ—nesse and long payne was desirous to come home and when they were come on thys syde the Alpes they would reuolte to Pompey Thus they talked eyther of ignorance or being corrupted but euery man was sure to Caesar in promptnesse and painefulnesse both for the continuance of seruice for the gaynes that
lands houses Sepulchres and Temples which we would not take from our greatest strange enimyes only setting a taâ—e of the tenth part vpon them but they haue made diuition to you of that which was your owne countreymens and them that sente you to serue Caesar in the Frenche wars and made many vowes for your victories and appointed you by companies to conuenient dwelling places with ensignes and discipline of Souldiours So as you can neyther enioye peace nor be sure of them that be thrust out for who so euer is put out and spoyled of hys owne he will remaine to spie a tune for to be euen with you This was the cause why the Tirannes would not let you haue any land which mighte haue bene giuen you by other meanes that hauing euer enimies that laye in wayte you shoulde be sure kepers of their power whiche by iniustice did contine we yours For the good will that Tirans haue of their garde is that they he as far in doing wrong and feare as themselues And this they O â–ª God dâ— cal a cohabitation wherby lament of countreymen mighte be made and insurrection of them that haue done no wrong then for this purpose haue made vs enimies to our own countreyâ—olkâ— for the 〈…〉 singular profitâ— we whoÌ„ now y chiefe officers of y countrey do say they saue vs for mercies sake do confirme presâ—tly herafter wil confirme y same to be bond to you for euer of the which we take god to witnesse that ye haue shal haue al you haue had that none shall take it froÌ„ you not Brutus not Cassius not they y for your liberties haue put al their selues in peril we y â— â—e only accused in this matter will saue our selues be to you to your allied friends a special coÌ„fort y that is most pleasant to you to heare At the first occasioÌ„ that shal be offered we wil giue you the price for the land y is takeÌ„ froÌ„ other of the coÌ„mon reuenew that you shall not onely haue your setting setled but also voyde of al eâ—combraunce Whiâ—es Brutus thus spake al the hearers coÌ„sidering with theÌ„ selues that he spake nothing but right did like them wel as men of courage and louers of the people had them in great admiration and were turned into their fauour and determined to doe them good the next day â–ª whiche being come the Consuls called the people to an assembly and repeated the opinions Then Cicero did speake very much in the prayse of forgetting of iniuries of the which they reioiced and called Brutus and Cassius from the Temple They desired pledges to whom Lepidus Antonies sonnes were sente When Brutus Cassius were séene there was such a noyse as the Consuls that would haue sayde somwhat could not be suffered but wer first required to shake hands and be at one which they dyd And the Consuls mindes were troubled with feare or enuye that these men and their friends should preuayle in that common cause Then was Casars testament with the writings for the dispositioÌ„ of his goods brought forth which the people commaunded to be red There was Octauius his nephew by his sisters daughter fouÌ„d to be his sonne by adoption His gardings were giuen the people for solace and to euerye Citizen of Rome that was present seauentie fiue draÌ„mes of Athens Now was the people streyght turned to anger being abused by the name of a Tyranne that in hys testament had shewed most loue to his country And one thing séemed most to be pitied that Decimus Brutus one of the killers was made his sonne among his second heyres for the Râ—maines maner was to their first heyres to adde the second y if the first take not the feâ—oÌ„d may With this they were much troubled thinking it a wicked and abhominable an that Decimus should conspire againste Caesar whome hée had made one of his children Piso brought forth Caesars body to the which infinit numbers in armes ran to kepe it with much noyse poÌ„pe brought it to the place of spéech There was much lameÌ„tation weeping ther was rushing of harnesse togither with repentaunce of the forgetting of reueÌ„geance Antony marking how they were affected did not let it slippe but toke vpon him to make Caesars â—nneral sermon as Consul of a Consul friend of a friend knifman of a kinsman for Antony was partly his kinsman and to vse craft againe And thus he said I do not thinke it méete O Citizens that the buriall praise of suche a man should rather be done by me than by the whole country For what you haue altogither for the loue of hys vertue giuen him by decrée aswell the Senate as the people I thinke your voice and not Antonies oughte to expresse it This he vttered with sad and heauy cheare and wyth a framed voice declared euerything chiefly vpon the decrée whereby he was made a God holy inuiolate father of the country benefactor and gouernor and suche a one as neuer in al things they entituled other man to y like At euery of these words Antonie directed his countenance hands to Caesars body and with vehemencie of words opened the fact At euery title he gaue an addition with briefe speach mixte with pitie and indignation And when the decrée named him father of the Country then he saide This is the testimony of our duety And at these wordes holy inuiolate and vntouched and the refuge of all other he said None other made refuge of hym But he this holy and vntouched is kylled not takyng honoure by violences whiche he neuer desired and then be we verye thrall that bestowe them on the vnworthy neuer suing for them But you doe purge your selues O Citizens of this vnkindnesse in y you nowe do vse suche honoure towarde hym being dead Then rehearsing the othe that all shoulde kéepe Caesar and Caesars body and if any one wente about to betraye hym that they were accursed that would not defende him at this he extolled hys voice and helde vp his handes to the Capitoll saying O Iupiter Countries defendour and you other Gods I am ready to reuenge as I sware and made execration and when it séemes good to my companions to allowe the decrées I desire them to aide me At these plaine spéeches spoken agaynst the Senate an vprâ—are being made Antony waxed colde and recanted hys wordes It séemeth O Citizens saide hée that the things done haue not bin the worke of men â–ª but of Gods and that we ought to haue more consideration of the present than of the past bycause the thyngs to come â–ª maye bring vs to greater danger than these we haue if we shall returne to oure olde and waste the reste of the noble men that be in the Cittie Therfore let vs send thys holy one to the number of the blessed and sing to him his due hymne and mourning verse When
he had saide thus he pulled vp his gowne lyke a man beside hymselfe and gyrded it that he might the better stirre his handes he stoode ouer the Litter as from a Tabernacle looking into it and epening it and firste sang his Himne as to a God in heauen And to confirme he was a God he held vp his hands and with a swift voice he rehearsed the warres the fights the victories the nations that he had subdued to his Countrey and the great â—ooties that he had sent making euery one to be a maruell Then with a continuall crie This is the only vnconquered of all that euer came to hanâ—s with hym Thou quoth he alone diddest reuenge thy countrey being iniured 300. years those fierce nations that onely inuaded Rome only burned it thou broughtest them on their knées And when he had made these and many other inuocations he tourned hys voice from triumphe to mourning matter and began to lament and mone him as a friend that had bin vniustly vsed did desire that be might giue hys soule for Caesars Then falling into moste vehement affections vncouered Caesars body holding vp his vesture with a speare cut with the woundes and redde with the bloude of the chiefe Ruler by the which the people lyke a Quire did sing lameÌ„tation vnto him and by this passion were againe repleate with ire And after these spéeches other lamentations wyth voice after the Country custome were sung of the Quires and they rehearsed again his acts his hap Then made he Caesar hymselfe to speake as it were in a lameÌ„table sort to howe many of his enimies he hadde done good by name of the killers themselues to say as in an admiratioÌ„ Did I saue them that haue killed me This the people could not abide calling to remembraunce that all the kyllers only Decimus except were of Pompeys faction and subdued by hym to whom in stead of punishment he had giuen promotion of offices gouernments of prouinces armies thought Decimus worthy to be made his heyre son by adoption and yet coÌ„spired hys death While the matter was thus handled and like to haue come to a fray one shewed out of the Litter the Image of Caesar made of ware for hys vody it selfe lying flat in the Litter could not be séene Hys picture was by a deuise turned about .xxiij. wouÌ„ds wer shewed ouer al his body his face horrible to behold The people séeing this pittifull picture coulde beare the dolour no longer but thronged togyther and beset the Senate house wherein Caesar was kylled and set it a fyre and the kyllers that fledde for their liues they ranne and sought in euery place and that so outragiouslye both in anger and dolour as they kylled Cynna the Tribune being in name lyke to Cynna the Pretor that spake euill of Caesar and wold not tarry to heare the declaration of his name but cruelly tore him a peeces and lefte not one parte to be put in graue They caried fire against other mens houses who manlye defending themselues and the neighbours entreating them they refrayned from fyre but threatned to be in armes the next day Wherefore the strikers hid themselues and fled out of the Citie The people returned to the Litter caried it as an holye thing to be buried in an holy place among the Gods but bicause the Priests did deny it they brought hym againe into the common place where the Pallaice of the old Kings were and there with al the bourds tymber which they could find in the place which was muche beside that euery man broughte of himselfe with garlandes and other gifts of priuate persons makyng a solemne shew they buryed the body and abode al night about the fyre In the whiche place at the first was made an Altare but nowe there is a temple of Caesar where he is thought worthy diuine honors For his son by electioÌ„ Octauius taking the name of Caesar disposing the state after his example which then takyng the beginning he excéedingly aduancing to the degrée it is now did thinke his father to deserue honors equall with the Gods the which at this time hauing their originall y Romaines now vse to giue the same to hym that ruleth the estate vnlesse he be a Tyranne or diffamed at his death that in olde tyme could not suffer the name of a Kyng alyue Thus Caesar was killed on the day which they cal the Ides of Marche whiche daye of the Moneth the Soothsayer sarde hée shoulde not passe at the whiche he in the morning mocked him saying the Ides be come to whome he aunswered boldlye againe but they be not yet gone Thus hée despising as well the foresayings of this constaÌ„t Soothsayer as all other tokens spoken of before went abroad was killed y lvj yere of his age A man most happy fortunate in al his noble actions and most like vnto Alexander the great for they both were very ambitions and valiant and swifte to execute their enterpryses in perils moste bolde of their bodies most carelesse and did not more trust in Soldiours seruice than in courage and fortune of the which the one in the heate of sommer through places voide of water went to Ammon and ranne ouer the gulfe of Pamphilia of the crosse surgyng Sea fortune staying the ragyng waues whiles he passed and sendyyg hym rayne when he wente by lande he assayde the Indian Sea that was not Nauigable He was the firste that scaled a town and alone mounted the enimies wall alone receyued .xiij. wouÌ„des on his body euer inuincible and alwayes getting victory at the first or the second Battayle He subdued manye barbarous nations in Europe and ouercame the Grecians a valiant people and louing libertie and before him obeying none but Philip that a litle whyle for an honour to appeare in his feates of warre Asia as a man may say he ranged all ouer and briefely for to tell his fortune and Empire as much land as he saw he gotte And conceyuing and determining a Conquest of the rest in his mind he was destroyed To Caesar the Ionian sea gane place in the middest of winter and shewed it selfe cauline to his nauigation He also sayled the Bryttaine Ocean not attempted before and fallyng vpon the rockes of Englande he had the shipmayster runne a shore and â—itte their shippes In an other sea striuing with the streame alone in the night in a little boate he badde the Mayster let the sayles go to the winde and trust more in Caesars fortune than in the Sea. Against his enimses alone he hath lepte many tymes and all the reste haue bin afraide He alone did fighte with the Frenche thirtie times til he had subdued fourtie nations of theÌ„ whiche were so terrible to the Romaines as olde and holy men by lawe were priuiledged from warre except when the French enimie
other prouinces to them for theyr suretie Néedes must they appoynte one for another but what manner ones Cyrene and Creta voyde of armies whyche they oure enimies in contempte haue lefte as vnprofitable and by violence haue entred the other whyche wée tooke from them Thus was oure armye putte from oure enimies to Dolabella by deuice and sleighte and exchange of other prouinces for where warre was not there must thinges bée done by lawe This béeyng thus broughte to passe and oure enimies gathering another armye I hadde néede of the same my selfe that was in Macedonia yet wanted occasion to require it When the fame came that the Getes woulde inuade Macedonia whyche not béeyng beléeued espies were sente to vnderstande the truth I decreed that no man ought to aske the Dictatorshippe nor to take it though it were gyuen hym By the whych thyng they béeyng chiefly allured appoynted me the armye and then dyd I thinke my selfe equall with mine enimies not these that be euidente as Octauius thynketh but other moe in number greater in power and not yet appearing When I had done this one of the strikers remayned still hard at our sides Decimus Brutus He béeyng a gouernoure of a greate countrey and a mighty armye verye bolde I deuised to take hys prouince from hym yet wyth a regarde of the Senate promising to delyuer Macedonia voyde of armye The Senate takyng the thyng euill and perceyuing some deuice to bée hadde what and howe greate matter was written to Decimus you knowe and to stirre the Consulles agaynste mée wherefore wyth the more boldenesse dyd I practise to wynne that prouince not by the Senate but by the people and lawe and to haue the armye of Macedonia come to Brundâ—sâ— to vse at all oportunities â–ª and with the Gods help we will vse them as necessitie shall compell vs Thus from muche feare wherein we were at the first we be turned into safetie of them that haue to doe wyth vs and into boldnesse agaynste oure foes whose courage beginnes to shrinke and ours to increase You sée what repentance they make of their decrées and what payne it was to mée to take France gyuen to another man You knowe what they wrote to Decimus and what they persuaded the Consuls agaynste me for that matter but wyth the Gods of oure Countrey wyth dutifull mynde and wyth oure valiante actes by the whyche Caesar was a conqueroure wée wyll reuenge him labouring with our bodyes and counselling wyth oure mynds These thyngs O Souldioure fellowes I woulde haue secrete although howe I haue done them I haue tolde you with whome I will participate all thyngs both in worde and déede the which you may shewe to any other that do not knowe it onely Octauius except who is most vnthankefull to vs. When Antony hadde thus saide it séemed to the Captaynes that he had done all things with great art and policie to deceiue the quellers whome he hated and therefore they were desirous to reconcile them with Caesar once agayne and persuaded them to méete in the Capitoll Not long after Antony did cause some of his gard to be apprehended by his friendes as entised by Octauius to destroy him eyther to discredite Octauius or for that he thoughte it true learning it of such as were sente to hys Campe. He declared this to be done by all coniecture to dispatche hys person whiche matter béeyng quietly heard caused muche adoe and indignation among the people A fewe that were grounded vppon reason were glad that Antony myghte doe Caesar good and also hurte at hys pleasure bycause hée was terrible to the strikers and if hée were once dispatched they myghte wyth the more securitie doe theyr feates bycause the Senate chiefly fauoured them Thus the wyser sorte did thinke but the multitude séeyng that despight and hynderance was dayly offered to Octauius they thoughte it not vnlike to be a calumniation and yet supposed it not good nor honest that Antony beyng Consull shoulde bée in daunger of hys person Octauius Caesar with greate anger and furie wente among them that were of thys opinion and cryed that hée was circumuented of Antony for the frendshyppe that he onely had with the people and ranne to Antonyes house and there he exclaymed and called the Gods to witnesse with all execrations and othes prouoking hym to come to tryall and bycause no bodye came to hym he sayde to hys friendes I am contente to bée iudged by hys owne people And with that he brake in at the dores but béeyng kepte backe he sware and rebuked them that kepte the gates bycause they stopped hym from making further tryall wyth Antony He wente hys way and protested to the people that if any hurte came vnto hym it shoulde come by Antonyes meanes Hauyng spoken this with greate vehemencie it gréeued the people and some of them repented of theyr former opinion Some stoode in doubte and â—usted neyther of them Some thoughte it a dissimulation betwéene them the better to bryng to passe that they had agréed vpon in the Temple againste their enimies and some thought Antonie deuised it to haue a greater garrison about him and to turne mens good will from Octauius Nowe was there secrete intelligence gyuen to hym that the armye at Brunduse and the ordinarie Souldioures were angrye with Antonie bycause he neglected Caesars death and that they woulde reuenge it to their power and that Antonie was gone in hast to Brunduse for this cause Octauius was afrayde least he returning with his armye shoulde finde hym vnprouided He tooke mony and wente to Campania to winne the Cities that were inhabited by such â–ª as had serued his father and first he persuaded Celatia and Silio two Townes about Capua He gaue euerie man fiue hundred drammes and had tenne thousande menne neyther armed nor distributed into due bands and order but only as a gard of his person vnder one ensigne They in the Citie were afrayde of Antonies commyng with his army and when they heard that Octauius was comming with another they were in a double feare and some tooke it well that they mighte vse Octauius against Antony Some that sawe theyr reconciliation in the Capitoll thought it but a dissimulation and a recompence of the one to be in authoritie and the other to persecute the quellers In thys disquietnesse Carnutiw the Tribune enimie to Antony and friende to Octauius wente to knowe the truth whyche béeyng done hée declared to the people that there was playne variance betwéene Antony and Octauius and that it stoode them in hande to make Octauius theyr friende séeyng they had none other armye to resist Antonyes Tyrannie When he had sayde thus he willed Octauius to enter who lay a little withoute the Citie at the Temple of Mars Hée dyd so and came to the Temple of Iupiters chyldren about the whyche the Souloioures stoode with theyr weapons openly Carnutius spake firste against Antony Then Octauius hymselfe reuiued the memorie
easilye decrée Dolabella to bée a rebell When the messengers were come to Antony they were ashamed of their strange commission and sayd nothing but deliuered the decrée vnto him â–ª He with great anger did â—â—ueigh against the Senate Cicero maruelling that they would thinke Caesar a Tyranne or a king that had so muche augmented the state of Rome and not accompte Cicero so whome Caesar toke in warre and yet did not kill whereas Cicero doeth preferre hys killers before his friendes and hated Decimus when he was trusty to Caesar and loued him euer since he was a killer of him would ayde him that only by Caesar kept Celtica iudge hym a rebell that had it by the people To the legions that were assigned by decrée and reuolted the Senate giueth rewarde but none to them that remayne in their duety and so corrupt quoth he the discipline of war not belonging to me but to the Citie To the quellers he could graunt obliuion of the facte to whiche I consente for two noble mennes sake but Antonye and Dolobella hee iudgeth enimyes bycause wee kéepe that was giuen vs for that is the verye cause But if I leaue Celtica I am neither enimy nor tyranne I protest I will dissolue that forgetfulnesse that shall not be verye acceptable to hym Many things after this sorte spake Antony and wrote thys aunswere to the decrée that to the Senate he woulde obey as to hys Countrey but to Cicero that wrote the commaundement thus he spake The people haue giuen me Celtica by lawe Decimus that wil not obey I will remoue and reuenge the matter of murther in hym for all that the Senate may be purged of the â—aulte they be in whereof they be ful for Ciceroes sake to helpe Decimus When Antony had thus saide he wrote it by and by Wherefore the Senate iudged hym an enimy and the armye with him vnlesse they wente from hym Macedonia and Illiria with the armies of both they appointed to Marcus Brutus till the common wealth were brought to better state He had an armye of hys owne and had receyued one of Appuleius He had shippes bothe gallies and hulkes and sixtéen thousand talents of money and greate plenty of armour which he founde in the Citie of Demeatride layde vp there by Caesar all the whiche the Senate confirmed by the decrée that hée mighte vse to the benefit of hys country Syria was by the Senate appoynted to Cassius and commaunded to make warre vppon Dolobella and all that had prouinces or armies of the Romaines from the Ionian Sea to the Easte were charged to obey Brutus and Cassius Wherefore Cassius and Brutus estate was sodainely in great fame When Octauius Caesar vnderstoode these thynges hée was in doubt for where he thought the lawe of Obliuion to procéede of a conuenieÌ„cie of humanitie and a respect of pitie of their kinsfolke that were men in like aucthoritie and therfore had appointed them to prouinces for a shorte tyme for their securitie as Celtica to Decimus to note Antony of Tyranny and by that deuice to induce hym againste Antony Nowe that Dolobella was condemned as a rebell for killing one of the quellers and that mightye nations were giuen in prouince to Erutus and Cassius and manye armies wyth greate speedinâ—â—ie appointed to them with abundaunce of money and that they were made Generalles of all the people from Ionia to India He perceâ—ued that all this tended to the aduauncement of Pompeys parte and to the vtter destruction of Caesars And that the Senate wente aboute to deceyue hym as a youngman the plotte wherof he conceiued in his mynd and that when he was made a Capitaine against Antony it was meant to take his armye from him and that the Consulls being in the fielde there was no néede of any other Capitayne and that onely honours were gyuen to the Souldiours that reuolted from Antony and hys vnhonoured and that this warre would worke his infamy beâ—ng vsed to none other intent of the Senate but to the destruction of Antony He kept the considerations secrete to hymselfe and makâ—ng sacrifice for the charge gyuen hym he thus sayd to hys armye This honour O fellow Souldiours I may thanke you for not onelye nowe but from the tyme you gaue mée power For your sakes the Senate haue gyuen iâ— me and therfore for this also you know I am youre debtor of thankes whiche if the Gods shall gyue vs god lucke I will requite abundantly Thus did he speake to winâ—e hys armye and marched foorth Pansa one of the Consuls lead his army ouer Italy Hirtius the other Consull diuided with Caesar and as he was secretely instructed of the Senate he required in the diâ—ision the two legions that went from Antony bycause they were counted the best Souldiors Caesar did grant euery thing and when they had diuided they encamped togither that wynter At the ende of winter Decimus beganne to lacke victual wherefore Hirtius and Caesar wente to Mutina that Antony shoulde not get from them Decimus armye opprest with famine Antony holding Mutina straighte they with all their forces woulde not fight with hym but tarried for Pansa Diuers skirmishes were made in the whyche thoughe Antony hadde the greater number of horse yet the narrownesse of the fielde and the ditches about the riuers did kéepe backe the multitude of horsemen And thus went the matter at Mutina In Rome in the absence of the Consuls Cicero dydde al as the peoples ruler He assembled the Senate euerye daye hée made prouision of armour compelling workemen without payment He gathered money and putte great impositions vppon Antonies friendes They suffered it patiently to auoide displeasure til Publius Ventidius that had serued vnder Caesar and was friende to Antony could not abide the sharpenesse of Cicero but wente to Caesars habitations where he was well knowne and gotte twoo legions whyche he ledde to Antonie by Rome to take Cicero Great trouble grew of this insomuche as manye wente awaye wyth their wiues and children for feare and Cicero fledde oute of the Cittie whyche when Ventidius knewe hée tourned straighte to Antony and being stepte by Caesar and Hirtius hée wente to Picene where he gathered another legion and stayed to sée what would come The Consull and Caesar séeing that Pansa drew nighe with hys hoste sente Carsâ—leius the leader of Caesars chiefe bande and the Martiall legion to helpe him to passe the straights Antonie dydde not muche care for the passage so he mighte otherwise hinder them and being desirous of the â—ight could not vse his horsemen in the playne bycause of the Fenny place full of ditches He hidde twoo of hys beste legions in the Fenne the waye béeing made by hande and straighte and on both sides couered with réedes Carsuleius all the nighte passing â—hys place by the breake of day was come to the way made with hand With the
the bringers of this gifte he sentâ— secretiye some afore to afraye them whereby they wyth their money fledde awaye When the report of his comming was at Rome great was the trouble and tumulte running hyther and thyther to sende their wiues and children and to carye their chiefe substaunce eyther into the countrey or so the strongest parts of the Citie For it was not throughly known whyther he came onlye to aske the Consulshippe But when they heard that he came as an ennimy wyth an angry armye they were afrayde of al hands The Senate was greatly stroken that they had no power sufficient and as in suche feare happeneth one of them accesed an other some bycause they tooke awaye the army from Antony wyth suche dispight some bycause they had suspition of the Triumphe whiche was but right some for hatred and diuision of the money some bycause he was not appointed the eleuenth manne in the distribution some bycause the rewards were not giueÌ„ neither soone ynough nor ful ynough sayd the army was become their enimy â–ª blamed this contention so much out of season Brutus and Cassius being so farre off and Antonius and Lepidus their ennimies so nygh whome perceyuing to be redy to agrée wyth Caesar made the feare to grow the greater Cicero that before was the great styrrer did nowe no where appeare In euerie manne was maruellous mutation in euerye matter and for the two thousande and fiue hundred drams that shoulde be giuen to two legions to giue fiue thousande drammes to eight legions and in stéede of tenne men to make Caesar the distributour alone and to graunte hym to aske the Consulshippe in his absence Ambassadours went in haste tâ— make thys message with diligence who were not out of the towne before the Senate repented them as they that ougâ—â—â— not so cowardly to be troubled nor to receiue another â—â—ran without bloudshed and that it was not the vse to aske the Consulship by force nor that Captaynes shoulde rule the Countrey at their pleasure and that they in the Citie shoulde arme themselues and alleage the lawes againste them that came to inuade the Countrey and if they woulde néedes procéede rather to suffer the séege till Decimus and Plancus myghte come and better to defend themselues to death than willingly to receyue seruitude without redresse They recyted the olde examples of the Romanes in sufferance and Counsell for their libertie whiche they woulde in no wise giue ouer And when the two legions called from Libya dyd that day arriue at the porte they thoughte that the Gods did exhort them to mainteyne their libertie and repenting now themselues they woulde reuoke all that they had done Cicero now appearing among them Therefore all men that were of age were appoynted to serue The two Legions that came from Libya and wyth them a thousande Horse and one Legion that Pansa lefte them were putte togither all the whiche was deuided One parte kepte the hyll Ianiculo where all theyr money lay Another kepte the passage of the floud by the officers of the Citie deuiding themselues and some hadde broughte their moneys to the porte in Shippes and boates that if they were ouercome they myght escape by Sea. Thus they dyd with greate boldnesse and spéede trustyng thereby to affray Caesar or to moue hym without his army to aske the Consulshippe of them or manfully to defende themselues and that the state myghte change to contrarie fortune whyles they did fyght for their libertie Caesars mother and his sister they coulde not fynde neyther by priuie nor open search wherefore they made a greate stirre béeyng spoyled of so great pledges and thoughte that the Caesarians did not encline to them bycause they had so surely hid them from them Some of the messengers remayning yet wyth Caesar the contrarye determination was tolde him wherefore they departed from him with shame he with the armye béeyng the rather styrred came forwarde wyth greate hast fearing the women myghte take hurte And to the people that was in tumulte he sente hys Horsemen afore willing them no more to bée afrayde whereat euery man reioysing he tooke the places aboue Mount Quirinale no man daryng to encounter or resiste hym Wherefore an other maruelous mutation was séene of the sodayne So many noble menne that wente vnto hym and receyued hym the common people folowyng and vsing the Souldiours in battayle raye as men quiet in peace hée leauyng hys armye in that place the nexte daye came into the Cittie with a sufficient Garde aboute hym they of the Cittie mette wyth hym all the waye on euery side and saluted hym omittyng no parte of humanitie nor humble seruice His Mother and hys Sister from the Temple of Vestae wyth the holy Nunnes ranne out to embrace hym The thrée legions dispising theyr Capitaynes sente Embassadours vnto him to yéelde themselfe Cornutus one of theyr chiefe Capitaynes killed hymselfe the other trusted to hys promisse and fayth Cicero hearyng of these promyses practysed to come before hym by hys friendes whiche beyng done he excused hymselfe and extolled the perswasion that hée had vsed to the Senate for hys Consulshippe he answeared onely with a taunt that he was the laste of hys friendes that came vnto him In the nyghte a sodayne rumour was raysed that twoo legions of Caesars the Martiall and the fourth were reuolted to the Cittie as grieued they should be brought to betraye their countrey The officers and the Senate gaue fayth vnto the rumour very lightly and though the other army was at hand they thought with these menne so valiant they might resist the reste of Caesars hoste till more power mighte come to them from other place And in the nyghte to be sure they sente Acilius Crassus into Picena to gather an armye and they commaunded one Apuleius a Tribune to runne to the people wyth thys ioyful tydings and the Senate that night came to the Counsell â–ª Cicero standing at the dore and receyuing them with greate ioye and gladnesse and when it was knowne it was but a false rumor he fledde his waye in a waggon Caesar laughing at them broughte his armye nygher the Citie to the place called the fielde of Mars He hurt none of the officers not so much as Crassus that was posting into Picene althoughe hee was broughte vnto hym in a seruile habite but spared all to the opinion of hys humanitie albeit not long after he put them to death The common treasure founde in Ianiculo or in any other place be commaunded to be brought togither and al that was afore appointed by Cicero he distributed to his army two thousande and fiue hundred drammes to euery man the residue he promised to giue them When he had done this he retyred from the Citie till the election of the Consuls when he was chosen and with him Q. Pedius as he desired who had left a portion
now a Pretor but one that had bene and father of a young man that was 〈…〉 and myght doe much with Antonie prayeâ— the strykers to spare his kyllyng a whyle till he might â—ende hys sonne to speake to Antony they laughed and sayd his sonne had spoken but it was to the contrarye When the olde man heard that he desired them tp 〈◊〉 til he had séeue his daughter whome when hée â—â—we hée commaunded to absteine from hys goodes leaste hir brother shouldâ— fewe for hâ—r death also to Antony But he hauyng consumed all his substaunce in euil life was attached of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 himselfe by fleyng away Cicero who after Calus Câ—sar did direct all like a ruler alone in a popular state was proscribed with his sonne his brother his 〈◊〉 his friends familiars and â—â—herents Fléeyng by bote â—e could not abyde y sicknesse of the sea but returned to a place of his owne whiche I for the remembraunce of hys misfortune did sée aboute Capuâ— a Cittie of Italy When they that came to seeke hym were at hande for of all other Antonie was moste desirous to haue hym â–ª and all aboute Antonie were ready to gette him the Crowes came vnto hys house and made suche a noyse as they waked him out of his sléepe and drew out his garment froÌ„ his body that lay vpon him â–ª til his seruants perceyuing the thyng and taking it to bee a token from God put Cicero in a litter and ledde him toward the Sea through a thicke wood and rode secreatly and where as many did run on euery side asking if they sawe Cicero some for good will and pittie saide he was gone and sailed ouer sea but a shomaker tenaunt to Clodie the sharpest enimie of Cicero tolde Laena the Captayn where he went with a fewe He ranne and seing his seruants to be manye moe than he had broughte with him and readye to defende him hée cried very loude for a pollicie make haste you bandeleaders that be behinde Then Ciceroes seruaunts thinking they should haue bin ouerlaide forsooke their maister Laena whiche by Ciceroes helpe had bin before saued pulled hys heade out of the Litter and cut it off hauing thrée strokes and making thrée woundes for lacke of cunning He cut off also his hande with the whiche he wrote the orations againste Antonie as a Tyranne in the whiche he followed Demosâ—â—eâ—es that did the like against Philippe Some rode some sailed to carry â–ª Antony the newes and Laena â–ª as he saâ—e in the common place tooke the heade and the hande and shewed it a farre off He was maruellous ioyful and crowned the Capitaine and gaue him honoure with great gifts that is to say two hundred and fiftie thousand 〈◊〉 of Athens bycause he had dispatched his greatest and busiest enimy Cicero his head and his hande was sette vppe for a tyme in the common place before the Tribunall where he was wonte to make orations and more came to sée it than before to heare him They say that Antony did sette Ciceroes head vppon his table at his meale till he had his fill of the sighte of that euill Thus Cicero a man moste eloquent to this daye hauing borne the office of a Consul in greatest causes most profytable to his countrey was thus destroied and after his death â–ª despighted â–ª Hys sonne was sent into Grecia to Brutus Quintus Ciceroes brother and his son béeing taken praied the strikers to kill him before his sonne but hys sonne desired the contrary Wherefore the souldioures promised bothe theyr requestes and takyng them asunder by a token killed them both at one instante Ignatius the father and the sonne fightyng togither dyed of one wounde and when their heades were striken off their bodies did yet embrace Balbus sent his sonne to the sea that they shoulde not be espied going togither and shortely after he followed aloofe and when one tolde him either of malice or of ignorance that his sonne was taken he went backe and sent for his killers and it chaunced that his son was drowned in the Sea. Such like calamitie can fortune giue Aruntius coulde hardelye perswade his sonne that would not flée without him to saue himselfe bycause he was but yong His mother sent him afore to the gates and then retourned to burye hir husbande being killed and when she hearde shortely after that hir sonne was deade on the sea with hunger shée killed hirselfe These be examples of good and euill children There were .ij. brethren condemned called Ligariâ— which béeing hidde fel asléepe til one of them being found of hys seruants was killed and the other making escape and hearing of hys brothers death threwe himselfe from the bridge into the riuer whome when fyshermen had saued as one that fell by chance and not of purpose he stroue a great while with them that they shoulde not saue him and threwe himselfe vnder the water but they being stronger than he bringing him vppe safe he saide you haue not saued me but put your selues in daunger of death with me that am a condemned man yet they hauing pittie of him saued hym til the souldiors that kepte the bridge saw it and ran down to cut off his heade Of two other brethren one threw himselfe into the riuer his seruaunt séekyng his body fiue dayes after whiche when he had founde and knewe it was he he cut off his head for the reward The other brother being hid in a sakes an other seruaunte did bewraye him The Souldioures refused to goe in but with their weapons and Speares pulled vp his body and cutte off hie head in suche case as it was Another vnderstanding that his brother was proscribed and not knowing that hymselfe was so to ranne and cryed kyll me before hym The Captayne knowyng the truth of the condemnation thou makest a resonable request quoth he for thou wast condenmed before hym and so in order kylled them both And these be examples of broethren Ligarius béeyng hydde of hys wyfe made one onely mayde priuie to it and béeyng betrayed of hir she followed him that bare away hir husbandes head crying I must haue the like punishmente bycause I haue hydde hym and when none of the Souldyoures woulde kyll hyr nor accuse hir the wente to bewray hir selfe to the princes and bycause they did not regarde hyr for pitie she destroyed hir selfe with hunger And hyr haue I thoughte good to note in thys place bycause being willing to saue hir husbande and coulde not she kylled hyr selfe with hunger but they that had good lucke for their good loue to theyr husbandes I wyll wrighte among them that saued theyr â–ª Husbandes Other there were that wickedly dyd betray theyr husbandes and of them one â–ª that was married to Septimius whyche was corrupted in loue of a friende of Antonyes who being desirous of hys harlot to be made his wife caused hym to speake to
the Tribute Thus Tharsus and Laodicea were punished Cassius and Brutus consultyng togither it séemed best to Brutus to remoue the armie from thence into Macedonia for greater consideration Bycause it was sayde theyr enimies had fourty legions and that eyght of them were past the Ionian sea Cassius thought the multitude of the enimie not to be passed of bycause in tyme their number shoulde be their destruction for wante and therefore that they shoulde sette vpon the Rodians and Licians friends to their enimies and hauing nauies least they should come vpon their backes when they had agreed they deuided their armies Brutus went against the Licians Cassius agaynst the Rodians for hée was brought vp there learned the Gréeke tongue And bicause they were very strong vpon the Sea he prepared exercised hys owne ships at Guido The wise men of the Rodes were afrayd to come to fight with the Romanes but the people was lusty recounting their former feats against other maner of men than these Their shippes also they gathered of the beste of the whiche were .xxxiij. when they had done so they sente some to Mindo to Cassius requesting him he woulde not reiect the Rhodes a Citie that euer did reuenge such as contemned them nor the coÌ„uentions betwene the Rhodians and the Romanes that one shoulde not beare armes against the other and if he did alleage any thyng for societie of warre that they woulde vnderstande of the Senate of Rome and they commaunding it they sayde they would do it Thus much they sayde He answeared that for the rest warre must iudge in stéede of wordes where the league coÌ„maunded they should not leauie armes one against another the Rhodians did conspire with Dolobella and ayded him against Cassius But where it coÌ„maundeth that one should help another and now that Cassius requireth it they vse a shifte by the Romane Senate which is scatered and at this present destroyed by the Tyrannes that be in the Citie which should be punished and so should the Rhodians taking their partes onlesse they did as he commaunded them Thus sayde Cassius WheÌ„ this was knowne at Rhodes the auncient men were the more afrayd The people were persuaded by one AlexaÌ„der Manasses remeÌ„bring vnto them that Mithridates came against theÌ„ with many moe ships before him Demetrius Therfore they made Alexander their chief officer called Prytanâ—o Manasses their Admiral Neuerthelesse they sent Archelaus embassadour to Cassius who was his schoolemaster in the Gréeke to intreate him familiarly and when he had taken him by the hande he spake to him as to hys acquayntance Thou that art a louer of the Gréeke language do not disturbe a Gréeke citie nor the Rhodes being a louer of libertie nor deface the Dorian dignitie neuer yet blemished since it firste began nor forget y goodly historie which thou diddest learne at Rhodes and Rome At Rhodes howe muche the Citizens of the same haue euer stoode to their defence against nations kings and such as were thought inuincible as Demetrius Mithridates for their libertie for y whiche thou sayst thou trauaylest In Rome what we haue done for you as wel against other as Antiochus the great there be pillers set vp of you as monumeÌ„ts of vs And thus much may he sayd to you O Romanes of our natioÌ„ of our worthinesse of our state neuer yet in seruitude of our societie choyse of you But in thée now Cassius a certaine great reuereÌ„ce I say remayneth toward this citie thy nurse thy scole thy Phisitian house wher thou didst dwell to my scole my self to other things wherein I toke paynes Now you well requite al this vpoÌ„ my countrie y it be not forced to make warre with thée that was nourished brought vp in it nor put vs to y necessitie of one of two things either that y Rhodians shal all be destroyed or Cassius ouercome I aduise thée further beside y I haue prayed thée that hast takâ— in hand this feate for the coÌ„mon welth of Rome y thou always make the Gods the guydes in so great a cause You Romanes did call the Gods to witnesse when by Caius Caesar ye made soleÌ„ne league with vs and by othe coÌ„firmed the same gaue vs your right hands which enimies performe shal not frieÌ„ds and felowes dâ— it Refraine now for Gods cause for the glory among men seing nothing is more barbarous than breach of league which make the offendours to séeme vnfaithfull both to friend foe WheÌ„ the old man had thus sayd he did not let Cassius hand go but he wept wiped his eyes with it that with that manner he might moue Cassius who for reuereÌ„ce was abashed with some passioÌ„ sayd thus If thou diddest not persuade the Rodians to doe me any iniurie then thy selfe hast done it but if thou diddest exhort and aduise them couldest not persuade them then I do reuenge thée I haue bene iniured euidently firste bycause I asking helpe of them that nourished and taught me am contemned and despised then bycause they preferred Dolobella whome they neyther taught nor brought vp before me and that that is the more haynous not onely before me but Brutus and other noble men whome you knowe well to be fledde from Tirannie and to be ready to fight for libertie of our countrie You the Rodianes louers of libertie preferred Dolobella before vs he séekyng to take the same from other and vs whome now you ought to fauour you pretend you will not deale with ciuill warre It were ciuill if we did couet vnlawfull power but now opeÌ„ warre is made of peoples rule against Tirannes state and you that haue popular gouernment do forsake the same and of them that do labour for their lawes and beare good will to the Romanes and be condemned to death without iudgement that be prescribed confiscate you haue no pitie at all But you answeare you will vnderstand the Senates minde which is now destroyed and can not helpe it self For ye knew the Senate had decréed to Brutus and me that al the inhabitants betwéene Ionia and the East should obey our coÌ„maundements Thou makest a rehearsal what you haue done for vs at our waÌ„ts for with good will you haue receyued reward againe But you forget that you denie help to vs that suffer iniurie for the sauing of our liberty whom you ought if there had bene no friendship betwirt vs but would now haue begon it to haue ayded the coÌ„mon cause of Rome few beyng of the Dorean libertie You bring foorth also leagues lacking other matter that Caius Casar the first author of Tirannie did make with you and say that the Romanes and Rodians should help one an other in their necessities Helpe you then nowe the Romanes that in greatest cause be in moste perill Cassius a Romane borne and a president of the Romanes dothe chalenge that league accordyng to the
Tribunes of Questors and of Gentlemen be brought and a rewarde appointed for the euill This is an insurrection most cruell that euer was against all sortes a sodaine slaughter of men and a straunge hate of women children fréemade men â–ª and seruaunts so farre and to suche a change is our citie turned The authors of all this mischiefe be the thrée men whiche afore other haue proscribed their brethren their vncles answearyng one an other our Citie menne say was taken of the wilde barbarous Yet the Celtes cut off no heads nor vsed villany with theÌ„ they toke nor prohibited any man to hyde himself or flée that warre neither did we euer vse any citie so which we haue takeÌ„ by force neither haue we persuaded other to do that now not a priuate citie but the chief of al doth suffer of them that affirme they do reforme and direct the common wealth What like thing did Tarquinius whom for the iniurie done to one woman that procéeding of loue being a king they banished and for this only act could neuer abide a kingdome And whiles these thrée O citizens do thus they terme vs seditious say they wil reueÌ„ge Caesar They do proscribe theÌ„ that were not present wheÌ„ he was killed of y which here be many whoÌ„ you sée being coÌ„deÌ„ned for their riches or houses or for fauoring the peoples gouernmeÌ„t By the which reason PoÌ„pey also was proscribed with vs beyng far of in Iberia when we did the déede bicause he is desceÌ„ded of a father that loued the peoples state for that he was called home of the Senate made admirall of the sea he is of these thrée men coÌ„deÌ„ned to death Did womeÌ„ conspire against Caesar whome they haue condeÌ„ned in a paymeÌ„t What did an 100000. of the people whoÌ„ they haue coÌ„demned to pay vpoÌ„ payne accusations proscribed theÌ„ onlesse they do it whereof they ought to be frée And they that with al they haue done caÌ„not yet performe theyr promise to their Souldiours we that haue done no wrong haue performed our promise to you reserue to do more when time should serue Thus God hath shewed his helpe to vs doing iustly and with God you haue now to consider men whoÌ„ you sée here your Citizens whoÌ„ you haue séene your Pretors your CoÌ„suls many times with prayse now you sée theÌ„ fleyng to you as to well doers louers of the people taking our part wishing wel to the rest that we shal take in hand More iust rewards be propounded of vs to the preseruers of theÌ„ than theirs that would destroy theÌ„ They care not for vs that killed C. Caesar that would haue ruled alone others that were with vs which remain in despite of his tiraÌ„nie take not the rule to theÌ„selues but leaue it to the people according to the country lawes This war is not takeÌ„ of like cause They make it for power tirannie whiche they haue shewed in their proclamatioÌ„ we make it for no such matter but only that our couÌ„trey being set frée we may liue priuatly vnder y lawes in order al good men the Goddes chiefly do iudge our cause The best hope to him y maketh warre is his iust cause Let it not trouble vs though we haue serued vnder Caesar for we serued not vnder him but vnder our couÌ„trie The gifts that were giuen were not Caesars but y couÌ„tries publique neither is this y armie of Bâ—â—tus or Cassiw but y Romanes we being your felow soldiours Romane captaynes Whiche if they that make warre against vs would vnderstaÌ„d euery maÌ„ might safely lay downe his armure reÌ„der all the armies to y citie make choyse of such as might be profitable to it which we only desire But seing they wil not chose this for y wicked tyraÌ„nie they haue shewed let vs O warre felows go to it with sure hope to serue as frée the Romane Senate people for their libertie Then euery maÌ„ cried let vs go let vs go we desire to marche out of hande Cassius being glad of this forwardnesse caused sileÌ„ce to be made againe thus sayd All the Gods y be Lords of warre requite O war felows your faith proÌ„ptnesse Now then vnderstand what prouistoÌ„ we that be your Captaines haue made as men y be fauoured of the Gods how farre we excéede our enimies in number goodnesse We haue armed legions equall with them we haue fortified our places with good garde as wel as they in horsmen nauies we do passe them in aliance of kings princes nations from Asia we surmount theÌ„ They come vpoÌ„ vs only on y face we go vpon them on the backe also For we haue Pompey in Sicelie Murcus in Ionia Norbanus also lieth with a great nauie two legions to stoppe their passage by sea all places behinde vs be voyde of enimies both by land sea As for mony whiche some call y strength of warre they want neither can performe their promise to their old soldiours nor exact so much of y condeÌ„ned men as they supposed bycause none of their frends is willing to buy y places which they haue put to sale otherwise they can get nothing for Italy is wasted with sedition tributes condeÌ„nations We with great care haue got present pleÌ„ty wherewith we may gratifie you agayne and muche more collected of the nations behynde vs to bée broughte vnto vs And victuall the greatest wante to mighty armies they haue none but onely from Macedonia a mountaine countrie and Thessalia a straight region whiche with great toyle they muste conuey by lande For if any thyng be brought them from Affrica Lucania or Iapigia Pompeius Murcus and Domitius shall shutte them vp We bothe haue and shall haue from the Sea the Ilandes and all places of the continent euery day without any difficultie betweene Thracia and the floudde Euphrates and that without daunger no enimy beyng at our backeâ— wherefore it is in our power to doe our feate wyth spéede or to doe at leysure to consume our enimies with hunger Thys haue you O felow Souldiours by mans prouision the reste shall answeare in order thorough you and the Gods. We haue gyuen you for former matter all that we promysed you requityng your fayth with multitude of gyfts the greater labour wée will worthily recompence accordyng to the determination of the Goddes And nowe to them that shall chéerefully goe to this feate for thys assembly exhortatioÌ„s sake we wil giue now euen from thys seate to a Souldiour a thousande fiue hundreth Drammes of Italie to a Capitayne of a bande fiue tymes so muche and to a Tribune accordyng to the proportion When hee had sayde thus and encamped his army with worke worde and gyftes hée dismissed the multitude They remayned praysing Brâ—tus and hym very muche and promysed to doe for them all that shoulde bée conuenient They gaue then the gyftes out
was dead sente messengers to Caesar and Antony who were pardoned and diuided into their armies beyng aboute .xiiij. M. They yéelded also that kepte the â—ortes and Tentes all the whiche were gyuen to Caesars Antonies Souldiours to be spoyled Of the Noble men that were with Brutus some were slayne in the battayle some offered themselues fréely to the Generals some of purpose continued the fighte to be kylled as Lucius Cassius a brothers Sonne of Cassius and Cato his Sonne who falling many times among their enimies and being forsaken tooke of hys headpéece that he mighte be knowne or notably kylled or bothe Labeo knowne for his wisedome father of that Labeo that now is renouâ—â—ed for his knowledge in the lawes made a graue in his tente bigge inough for his body takyng order for al things with his seruaunts he signified to his wife and children what he would haue done and tooke the letters to his seruaunts to carry and taking him by the right hande whom he loued best and turnyng him as the Romane manner was made him frée and beyng turned he tooke him his sworde offred his throte so to him his Tent was his graue Rasâ—us the Thracian that brought many through the mountaynes desired a reward and had it to saue his brother Rasâ—â—polis whereby it may be perceyued that at the beginning these Thracians were not at variance But bicause two great armies at debate shoulde passe their countries they diuided the certâ—â—iâ—â— of fortune that he that wanne might saue hym that loâ—t Portia 〈…〉 his wife sister to Caâ—â— the yonger when she heard that they â—â—th were read being diligently kept of his seruants tooke the fire from the harâ—â— and swalowed the coles The other noble men fledde to Thaso some sayled awaye some gaue themselues with the rest of the army â–ª to Mâ—ssâ—â—â— Cor 〈…〉 and Lucro â—ibulo men of like aucthoritie that they mighte take counsell for themselues to doe for all the rest Many gaue themselues to Antony as he sayled towarde â—hase and all the mony armoure and plenty of victual and any other preparation whiche was great Thus Caesar and Antony by singular boldenesse gotte suche a iorney at two fight â—a foote as none had done before them for no suche nor so great an army of Romaines euer came to handes before not gathered of common Citizens but of the beste Gentlemen not ignorant of fighting but long practised of thâ—selues not of straunge or barbarous nation but of all one language and one arte of war of one strength and exercise hard to be matched therefore among themselues none euer vsed more boldenesse or fiercenesse in fight a token of that the number of deade men being equall in bothe fights and no fewer of theirs that did ouercome Caesars and Antonies souldiours did fulfill their Captaines will in one day and one worke chaunging extreame danger of famine and feare of death into victuall abundant into safety stable into victory notable It followed of that fight that the wise Romaines did prophesie For the common wealth was chieflie iudged by that feate and was lyke to haue come to the populare state agayne And there was no acte of anye suche troubles among themselues but in the variaunce betweene Caesar and Antony whiche was the laste among the Romains The things that in the meane tyme were done vnder Pompey after Brutus by them that of Cassius and Brutus friends fledde hither and thither retaining the renmaunt of so great preparation neither were they done with such boldnesse nor with such forces of men of Cities or of Captaynes in their prouinces for they had no nobilitie no Senate nor no glory as Brutus and Cassius had The ende of the fourth booke of Ciuill Dissentions ¶ The fift Booke of Appian of Alexandria of the Ciuill Dissentions of the Romaines AFter the deathe of Brutus and Cassius Octauian went into Italy and Antonie into Aegipt where Cleopatra méetyng with him ouercame him at the firste sight The which loue brought them to destruction and Aegipt to vtter ruine Wherof Egipt also shal be a part of this volume but not so great as it can giue it the title bicause many of the ciuill battailes are intermedled with it For after Cassius and Brutus there were lyke Ciuill Dissentions but wythoute a Generall that commaunded all as they did but some leading armies here and some there till Sextus Pompey the seconde son of Pompey the Greate being lefte of that faction was sette vp of Brutus friends Lepidus being nowe putte from his dignitie al the authoritie rested in Antony and Octauian the whiche things fell out after this sorte Cassius surnamed of Parma when Brutus and Cassius wente to battaile was lefte of them in Asia with an army and a nauy to gather mony When Cassius was deade he hauing no such hope in Brutus tooke thirtie of the Rhodian ships which he thought to be sufficient and burned the rest the holy ones only excepted that they should not rebel and with these and his own shippes he departed Clodius being sent thither of Brutus with thirtene shippes and fynding the Rhodians reuolted for now Brutus was also deade tooke away the garrison of thrée thousande souldiors and sayled to this Cassius â—orulus did ioyne with them hauing many other shippes and mony which he had gathered at Rhodes before they reuolted To this nauy as to a thing of power resorted all they that had offices in Asia and made legions and souldiours for the sea as wel as they could of seruants and people of the couÌ„tries Ilands There came to them Cicero that was son to Tullius Cicero and diuerse noble Citizens that were sled from Thaso and by and by there was a great army with a sufficieÌ„t nauy of good Captaines taking with them Lepidus also with an other band whiche he kept for Brutus at Creta And with these forces they sailed to Murcus and Oenobarbus into the gulfe of Ionia where diuiding themselues part went into Sicelie to Sextus Pompey and part remained with Oenobarbus for priuate faction and thus of the remnants of Brutus and Cassius a newe armye was made Octauian and Antonie sacrificed for the victorie at Philippi and gaue thankes to their souldiors And to performe their promise Octauian went into Italy to distribute lande to the souldiors which he did choose for his health And Antony weÌ„t among the nations beyond the seas and gathered mony for hie souldiours and diuided betwene them the lands y Lepidus had FraÌ„ce beyonde the Alpes Octauian woulde haue free according to the determination of the decrée of his vncle Caesar Lepidus was accused to fauour Pompeys part which if it were founde false Octauian determined to giue hym other Prouinces They licenced the old souldiors except eight thousand which desiring to serue still they diuided betwéene theÌ„ of them apointed bandes for their bodies To
their dutie and put the cause vpon Caesars sickenesse They called him flatterer and threwe stones vppon him and droue him to take a water out of the whiche they tooke hym vp dead and layde hym in the waye â–ª where Caesar shoulde passe who was monished by hys fréendes not to truste theyr rage but hée to aâ—oyde furder inconuenience by hys absence wente on and when hée sawe the dead body of Nonius he went aside And when the fault was layde vpon a fewe hée willed them hereafter one to spare another and so gaue them giftes and distribution of lands and rewarded some beyonde their owne expectation Which constancie of hym they so lyked as they requyred that the kyllers of Nonius myghte bée punyshed Hée sayde hee knewe them well inough and was satisfied wyth their confession and conscience and the reste hee forgaue By the whyche mercy and liberalitie beyng prouoked they made greate shoutes of hys felicitie These twoo contempts of the Souldiours among many other may suffice to be shewed The cause of thys were they that without lawfull authoritie as happeth in ciuill warres takyng vppon them to bée Capitaynes led these Souldiours not to serue their countrey but themselues not agaynst enimies but agaynst Citizens This destroyed the discipline of the Romanes warre The Souldiour rather desirous to serue for pryuate affection and the Capytaynes to abuse them for priuate commoditie Not onely a Souldiour but whole armies were to bée bought for money And it was offence to fauour the good and prayse to aduaunce the euill So as for lighte causes whole armies would go from a good and lawfull leader to a lewde and vsurpyng Captayne lyke agréeyng with lyke the Souldiours tooke them for enimies were they neuer so honest that their Capitaynes hated And the Capitaynes to haue Souldiours at hande suffred them to committe things abhominable without al reuerence of lawe and iustice So nowe all discipline beyng corrupted they were compted best that could rayse moste sedition The Citie in the meane time was in great penurie their prouision of corne beyng stopped by Pompey In Italie tillage beyng almost leâ—te for the continuaunce of warre and that that there was being consumed of the Soldiours and in the Citie théeues and murderers by night were vnpunished for what soeuer was done was imputed to the Souldiour The commons shutte vp theyr shoppes and were withoute officers whiche woulde not serue where thefte was suffred But Lucius beyng well affected to the common wealth and gréeued with the power of the thrée Princes continuyng longer than the time appoynted contended with Caesar â–ª for he onely promised helpe to the olde possessioners making supplication to all the officers they promised their seruice to him Wherby bothe Antonies Soldiours and Caesar himself accused him as an enimy to him and Fuluia also as stirrers of warre out of time But a deuise of Manius preuayled which persuaded Fuluia that if Italie were in quiet Antony woulde remayne with Cleopatra in Aegipt but if warres were styrred hée woulde come quickly Then Fuluia of a womannishe passion incensed Lucius when Caesar wente to place the newe inhabitancies Antonies chyldren and Lucius wente with them that Caesar shoulde not haue the whole thankes by goyng alone Caesars horsemenne scoured the coaste towarde Sicelie that Pompey shoulde not spoyle it Lucius eyther afrayde in déede or fayning to bée afrayde that these horsemen were sente agaynst him and Antonies children wente in haste to the inhabitauncies of Antonie to gette a garde about him accusing Caesar as vnfaithfull to Antony But he answered that he kept faith friendship with Antonie that Lucius sought to moue warre for y he was offended with the rule of theÌ„ thrée by the which the newe inhabitants might take full possession that the horsemen were yet in the coast did their duties WheÌ„ Antonies Soldiours vnderstoode this they made a méeting with him at Theano and were reconciled to him with these conditions That he shuld deuide no laÌ„ds but to such as serued at Philippi That the money of the condemned men their landes should be equally diuided among Antonies Souldiours That hereafter one alone should not leuy men That two legioÌ„s of Antonies should serue Caesar against PoÌ„pey That the Alpes towarde Spaine shoulde be open to them that Caesar sent and not be shutte by Asinius That Lucius should put away his garde and exercise his office with quietnesse These were the couenants whereof onely the two last were kepte And Saluidienus passed the Alpes spyte of them that kepte them the rest were defeated Wherfore Lucius went to Preneste affirmyng he was afrayde of Caesar hauyng a garde aboute him and he none Fuluia also went to Lepidus saying she was afrayde of hir children for she trusted him better than Caesar And they bothe wrote to Antonie certaine fréendes carying their letters that might certifie him of all thyngs the copies whereof I haue long sought and can not finde Then the chiefe of the armies agréed to take vp thys matter and affirmed they woulde compell hym that were vnwillyng They sente for Lucius friendes to come to them whiche they denying to doe Caesar accused them as well to the chiefe of the armies as to the officers of the Cities Then great resorte was made to Lucius out of the Citie beséechyng him to haue compassion of afflicted Italie and take some man that eyther with him or with the Capitaynes might make an ende of the matter And where as Lucius had regarde both of them that spake and also of the thyngs spoken Manius answeared sharpely That Antonie onely gathered money of strange nations but Caesar did gette mens loue by preuention of the armies and fitte places of Italy For by fraude he had gotten Fraunce which was Antonies prouince and for xviij cities that should be giuen to the Soldiours he ransacked almoste all Italy And also gaue money to foure and thirty legions not onely to eight and twentie that fought in hys quarrell and that he had spoyled Temples in pretence of warre agaynst Pompey whiche was not yet begon for all the greate dearth in the Citie but in déede to winne the fauour of the Souldiours agaynst Antonie in so muche as the goodes of the attaynted are not solde before they be giuen to theÌ„ but if he séeketh peace in good fayth he must make accomptof things he hath done and hereafter do nothing but by consent of bothe This was the bolde answeare of Manius that neyther Caesar shoulde doe any thing alone nor the couenaunts betwéene him and Antonie remayne firme that is that either of them should haue full authoritie in their prouinces and each confirme others actes Caesar séeyng that they soughte warre prepared hymselfe for it but the two legioÌ„s that wer placed about of Ancona and first serued his father and after Antony for the loue they bare to them both sente Ambassadors
they did and drewe to the side of Antonyes Shippe where they saluted and embraced one another and the armye of Aenobarbus receyued Antony for theyr Generall yet was Plancus scarsly assured And Antonie tooke Aenobarbus into his owne ship and sayled to Poloenta where Aenobarbus had his footemen And there Aenobarbus gaue place to Antonie in the Generals tent From thence they sayled to Brunduse where was fiue bandes of Casars in garrison The Brundusians shut the gates to Aenobarbus as an auncient enimie and to Antonie as one that brought an enâ—nie Antonie tooke this pretence to be done by Caesars commaundement and therefore fortified the narrow parte of earth that ioyned to the Citie with ditche and trenche For this citie is almoste an Iland in a porte lyke a crescent whiche by lande could not be come vnto when this cliffe was cutte from it and the place fortified Antonie also did beset the hauen which is very great and all the Ilandes in it with many Castels that hée made He sent also into sundry coastes of Italy to take the fitte places and exhorted Pompey also that hée should inuade Italie as much as he coulde He gladly sent Menodorus with a great army .iiij. legions to gette Corsica which was Caesars where he tooke two legions beyng amased at this attonement with Antonie Antonies Captaynes tooke Sigunto a citie in Ausonia Pompey befleged Thurij and Cossentia placed his horsemen in their fieldes Caesar troubled in so many places at once sent Agrippa to releue Ausoniae He commaunded the Souldiours that were placed to serue but they vnderstandyng that it was done by Antonies coÌ„sent denied whiche troubled Caesar moste of all Yet he wente to Brunduse with an other army and by fayre wordes made the soldiours to go with him the whiche practised by secrete meanes to reconcile Caesar and Antonie And if Antonie woulde not they woulde sticke to Caesar who was now sicke at Canusio and had a greater armie than Antonie When he was come to Brunduse sawe how Antonie had cut off the lande from the Towne hée lay and wayted his aduersaries dayngs Antonie was stronger in munitions by the meane whereof he sente for his armie out of Macedonie and vsed this policie to put country men by nighte into his shippes bothe Galleys and other and to make a shewe of a great army to come from Macedonia and so began to beate Brunduse whereof Caesar was sory for he coulde not helpe it At that euening it was tolde that Agrippa had recouered Siguntum and that Pompey was repulsed from Thurio and that Cossence was still beséeged whereat Antony was sory And hearing that Seruilius was comming to Caesar with one thousande and two huÌ„dreth horse he could not stay but straight froÌ„ supper with greate rage tooke his fréendes and .iiij. C. horse and valiantly gaue the onset vpon a M. and v. C. and tooke them sléepyng at Vria and brought to Brunduse So great a fame was still of him for the victory hée gotte at Philippi The garde of his person would come to Caesars campe and vpbrayde them their vnkindnesse to hym that saued them at Philippi Who answeared that they did but defende themselues Then they obiected one agaynst an other The one that they were excluded from Brundusio and that the armie of Calenus was taken from them The other that Brunduse was besieged and that the coast was inuaded and aliance made with Aenobarbus a killer of Caesar and with Pompey a chief enimie At length Caesars men opened their minde to Antonies that they felowed Caesar not forgettyng Antonie beyng desirous that they might be reconciled But it Antonie would not relent they woulde do their vttermost And this talke had they in Antonies campe Whyles this was a doyng newes came that Antonies wyfe was dead who coulde not beare hys vnkyndnesse leauyng hir sicke not bidding hyr farewell Hir death was thought very coÌ„modious for them both For Fuluis was an vnquiet woman for ielousie of Cleopatra raysed suche a mortall warre Yet the matter vexed Antony bicause he was â—uÌ„pted the occasion of hir death L. Cocceius was fréend to theÌ„ both He the Sommer before was sente of Caesar with Cecinna to Antonie into Asia and Antonie sente Cecinna home kept Cocceius still He séekyng occasioÌ„ to trie Antonie told him Caesar had seÌ„t for him desired he might departe asked whether hée woulde wryte to Caesar or no Antonie was content hée should departe But as for wrytyng sayde hée what shoulde we wryte but tauntes one to an other seyng wée are nowe enimies And I wrote to hym by Cecinna the copie whereof you shall haue if you wyll I brought you letters from hym sayde Cocceius and enimie you can not take hym that vsed your brother Lucius and your other fréendes so well Why quoth Antonie hée shutteth me out of Brunduse and hath taken myne armie and prouince that Calenus kepte And where hée is good to my fréendes hée hath made them by hys benefites mine enimies Then Cocceius not mindyng furder to stirre so angry a man departed And when Caesar saw hym marueling he had tarried so long sayde â–ª I haue not saued your brother that you should become mine enimie how cal you sayd he your freÌ„ds enimies take froÌ„ them their armies prouinces wherto Caesar sayd After the death of Calenus so great a charge ought not to be giuen to so yong a man as Calenus sonne Antonie being absent Lucius Asinius Aenobarbus in armes against me As for PlaÌ„cus legions I intercepted that they shoulde not go to Pompey as the horsemen did These things were tolde otherwise to Antonie sayde he yet he beléeued nothing till he was shutte from Brunduse I knewe not of it sayde Caesar neyther did I commaunde it the Brundusians the garrison that I left could not abide him when hée brought with him Aenobarbus a killed of Caesar and a proscribed maÌ„ who after the field at Philippi beséeâ—ged Brunduse and yet troubleth the coast of Italie burned my shippes spoyled the countrey You haue sayd he coÌ„sented one to the other to make alliance with whom ye wil. Neither haue Antonie ioyned with any manqueller more than you haue for regard of your father Aenobarbus is no man killer neyther any decrée of anger made against him neither was he priuie to that purpose And if he be thought vnworthy pardon bicause he was fréend to Brutus then must we sée whether al other be not in his case CoÌ„federacie is made with Pompey not to hurte you but if you make warre vpon Antonie to haue his societie if not to reconcile hym to you who is boyde of faulte but you are in the faulte For if warre had not bene made in Italie they durste neuer haue sente Embassages to Antonie Caesar replied and sayde that Fuluia Lucius and Manius began the warre in Italy And Pompey durst neuer before inuade the coast of
to send him letters of safecoÌ„duâ—t to come to treat of peace which he did although against his wil. The people also coÌ„pelled Mutia mother to Pompey to go vnto him threatning els to burne hir help to make peace When Libo perceyued how the enimies were inclined he desired to speake with the Captaines that they might togither agrée in the couenants the which the people coÌ„pelled theÌ„ with much a do so Antonie Caesar went to Baia. All other persuaded Pompey earnestly to peace only Menodorus wrote froÌ„ Sardinia that he should make open warre or dryue off whyles the dearth continued that hée might make peace with the better coÌ„ditions had him take héede of Murcus who was a mouer for peace as one that sought to be in his authoritie Wherefore Pompey put away Murcus and vsed his counsell no more whome before hée honoured for his worthinesse and wisedome whereat Murcus tooke displeasure and wente to Siracuse and to suche as were sent after him to kéepe him spake openly agaynst Pompey wherewith he beyng angrie killed diuerse of the beste aboute Murcús and sent to kill him and to say that his slaues had done it whiche beyng done he hanged certayne of Murcus slaues as though they had done it The whiche craft was not hid nor the wickednesse that he did against Bythinius a noble man and a valiant warriour and constant to him from the beginnyng his friende in Spaine from whence he came willingly to serue him in Sicelie When he was dead other men tooke in hand to persuade him to peace accused Menodorus as desicous of his office by sea not so much caring for his master as for his owne power PoÌ„pey folowyng their couÌ„sell sayled to Aenaria with many chosen ships himself being in a gorgious galley with sixe ores on a seaâ—e so did passe Dicearchia proudly towarde the euening the enimies loking vpon him The next morning stakes were set in the sea bridges made into one of y which ioyning to the laÌ„d Caesar came with Antonie â–ª Pompey and Libo entred the other bridge in such distance y one could not heare an other vnlesse they spake alowd Pompey required societie of rule in place of Lepidus They onely grauÌ„ted his return to his countrie then al was dashed Till ofteÌ„ messages wer seÌ„t betwéen offring diuerse coÌ„ditioÌ„s on both sides Pompey required that such condemned men as were with him for Caesars death might be safe in exile that the other men of honour proscribed might be restored to their countrey and goodes The dearth continuing the people vrgyng peace it was graunted that they should recouer the fourth part of their goodes as redéeming it of the new possessioners and wrote of it to the coÌ„demned men thinkyng they would accept it which tooke the offer beyng now afrayde of Pompey for his wickednesse committed agaynst Murcus to whom they went moued him to agrée He tore his cloke as betrayed of them whom he had defended and oft called for Menodorus as one expert in matters of slate and onely constant in faith At length by the exhortatioÌ„ of Murcia his mother Iulia his wife they thrée met agayne vpon an old péere of the sea beyng wel garded where they coÌ„cluded with these coÌ„ditions That peace shoulde be bothe by sea and lande and the Merchantes haue frée course That Pompey should take his garrisons out of Italie receiue no more fugitiues nor kéepe no nauies in Italie That he should rule in Cicelie Cersica and Sardinia and those other I landes that now he had so long as the rule should be continued to Antonie and Caesar That he should send to the people of Rome the corne that now was due That he should also rule Pelopenesus besides the former Iles. That he should exercise the office of Consul in his absence by his fréende and be admitted to the colledge of the Bishops That the noble meÌ„ that were banished might returne home except them that were condemned by publique iudgement of Caesars death That they that were fled for feare should be restored to their goodes And they that were coÌ„demned only to the fourth parte That the slaues that had serued vnder Pompey shoulde be frée That the frée men shoulde haue the same stipendes that the old Soldiours of Antonie and Caesar had These were the conditions of peace whiche beyng written were sent to Rome to be kept of the holy Virgins Then they desired the one to banquet the other and the lotte fell first to Pompey who receiued them in his greate gally ioyned to the péere The next day Caesar and Antony feasted hym in their Tentes pitched on that péere that euery man might eate on the shore but peraduenture for their more safetie for the Shippes were at hand the gard in order and the guestes with their weapons vnder their clokes It is sayd that Menodorus when they banqueted in Pompeys Shippe sente one to Pompey to put him in remembrance that nowe was the time to reuenge his father and brothers death for he would sée that none should scape the Shippe and that he aunswered as became him then for his person and place Menodorus might haue done it without me it agréeth with Menodorus to be periured false but so may not Pompey In that supper Pompeys daughter wife to Libo was espoused to Marcellus Antonyes nephew sonne to Caesars sister The next day the Consuls were appoynted for foure yeares first Antony and Libo and that Antony mighte make a substitute next Caesar and Pompey then Aenobarbus and Sosius lastly Caesar and Antony thrice Consuls and as it was hoped to restore to the people the gouernement of the common wealth These things being concluded they departed Pompey with his Shippes to Sicelie and they by land to Rome At the newes of this peace the Citie and all Italy made great ioy by the which ciuill warre continuall musters insolencie of garrisons running away of slaues wasting of Countreys decay of tillage and aboue all most greate famine was taken away therefore sacrifices were made by the way to the Princes as to preseruers of the Countrey The Citie had receyued them with a goodly triumph hadde not they entred by nighte bycause they would not charge the Citizens Onely they were not partakers of the common ioy that had the possession of the banished mens goodes who should returne by the league and be their heauie enimies The banished men a fewe except that went againe with Pompey tooke leaue of him at Puzzolo and wente to the Citie where a new ioy was 〈…〉 de for the returne of so many noble men TheÌ„ Caesar went t 〈…〉 ifye France and Antonie to make war on y Parthians And y Senate hauing approued his actes as wel past as to come he sent his Captaynes abroade did what he would He appoynted also certaine kings only such as should pay a
the pump of Menecrates Then grapeling their Shippes togither they stoode firme The marriners and souldyoures fought with no lesse courage and footing than as if they had hin on the land They shotte they darted and threw stones and dyd cast bridges to passe from one to another And bycause Menedorus shippe was higher than the other they dyd the more harme with lesse payne Many were killed and hurte Menedorus was stricken through the arme with a dart the whych was streight pulled out But Menecrates was hurt in the thygh with a forked Spanish arrowe whych could not be pulled out And not beeyng able any longer to fyght he exhorted hys company and lept into the Sea and then Menedorus tooke hys Shyppe and drew it to land for he could fight no longer This was the fight on the lefte side of the Nauie On the right Caluisius chaced certaine shippes of Menecrates Demochares a fréemade maÌ„ of Pompeys also viceadmirall to Menecrates entred vpon the other shippes of Caluisius whereof he droue some to shore and some he made to flée some he set on fire When Caeluisius came from the chace and sawe hys Nauie-scattered and fired he stayde the one and quenched the other and bycause it was night both they withdrew to their former harborough This was the end of the first fight by sea wherein Pompey had the better Demochares gréeuously taking the deathe of Menecrates as a very greate losse for Pompey euer vsed Menecrates and Menedorus seruice by sea leauing al other thyngs as though not Menecrates body and one shippe hadde bin lost but the whole Nauie went streight from the broyle to Sicelie Caluisius lay still as long as he thought Demochares would come against him but when he saw him gone he refreshed his ships and kepte alongst y shore On the other side Caesar with a great Nauie froÌ„ Tarento and his army from Reggio mette with Pompey at Messina with fortie shippes only His friendes exhorted him to take the occasion of the few Shippes that Pompey had and to sette vppon him before the rest of his Nauie came but Caesar would not tyll he was ioyned with Caluisius affyrming it to be a folly to hazard without helpe When Demochares was come to Messina Pompey made him and Apollophanes his fréemade man also chiefe of the Nauie in stead of Menecrates and Menedorus When Caesar heard â—f the losse that Caluisius had he crossed the sea to méete with Caluisius and as he passed betwéene Stylida and Sylla Pompey set vpon y taile of his Nauie and prouoked y fight by all meanes but Caesar refused it either bycause he would not fight in the streights or bycause he would first find Caluisio He coÌ„manded all to draw nigh the shore to lie at anchor to staÌ„d to defence if any did set vpoÌ„ theÌ„ But Demochares coÌ„ming in setting two of his ships vpoÌ„ one of the other so droue theÌ„ togither vpon y rockes as many were crushed perished cowardly And y like lucke was héere as was at the fighte of Cuma Caesar lept out of his ship into the shore and holp to saue theÌ„ that swamme for their liues but Cornificius other Captaines without coÌ„mandemeÌ„t hoysed anchor tooke the sea thinking it better to be ouercome fighting thaÌ„ to perish foolishly And Cornificius with great boldnes toke the Ammirall that Demochares was in who lept into another The fighte ceÌ„tmuâ—ng wyth great losse Menodorus Caluisius were séene coÌ„ming not of Caesars coÌ„pany who trauelled for their liues but of Pompeys people only who therfore retired It was néere night they would not maâ—câ— with the Frechmen they being wéery the which chanced wel for the other that were in danger In the nighte many forsooke theyr ships and went to the mountaines and made many tokâ—s of fâ—â—â— to theÌ„ that were in the sea were all that night without meate without rest wanting all things Caesar being in like case went about praid theÌ„ to hold out til the morning It was not yet knoweÌ„ that Caluisius was come neither was there any help froÌ„ the ships al being in daÌ„ger of drowning but by another good lucke the â—iâ— â–ª legion drew nigh by the mountaines whiche hearing of the losse resorted to the fires by the rocky places found their Generall theÌ„ that were with him wéery wanting all things then one did help another And they brought Caesar into an old house withoute any of his chamber being dispersed in that nightes tumult WheÌ„ he had sente aboute to shew that he was safe he vnderstoode that Caluisius was come so being recomforted by two ioyful newes he tooke rest At breake of day he loked out saw his ships some burned some halfe burned and some floting and some broken Caluisius being come he caused as much help and repaire to be made as could be and the rather bycause the enimie was gone but behold a vehement Southwind blewe and made a rough sea so as Caesars ships were againe crushed on the cliffes rockes and one against another Pompey was in the port of Messana Menedorus fearing the violeÌ„ce of the storme weÌ„t further into the sea and many followed his exaÌ„ple The other thinking the storme woulde soone haue ceassed as is wont in Spring time kept stil about the shore sauing theÌ„selues with labour but the winde waxing greater all went to wracke Cabels burst ships brake The escrie was so great that no good aduice could be heard no difference betwéene maister mariner no skil nor rule preuailed all was alike and so they perished The ships were slitte the meÌ„ were drenched they that coulde swimme were broken at the rockes and when the floud of that sea came whiche is wont to be great the ships were with new rage tossed hither and thither beating one another and the wind continuing toward night made theÌ„ feare the losse to bée in the darkenesse and not in the light Greate lamentation was made and calling one to another for help but all in vayne They that were cast into the sea cryed for help of theÌ„ in the ships They that loked for help of theÌ„ on the land were crushed at the cliffes So present death was in euery place and so great darkenesse as neyther heauen nor earth coulde be séene and so euery one looked for death whiche was more gréeuous than death it selfe Suddainely the winde ceassed and the Sunne appeared the storme hauing bin so great as the meÌ„ of that countrey affirmed they had neuer séene the like the which destroyed the most part of Caesars ships and Souldyoures who being afflicted with these newe calamities went to Vibo by land with vnpatient minde He sente for the Captaines from euery place that no mutinies mighte bée made nor trayne layde for him He appoynted his army by land to kéepe y coast of Italie that Pompey being incouraged
brother when he was toward mane estate Which two being taken away he lay close a great whye and vexed Spayne wyth priuie robberies tyll he hadde good rescet to him and then he professed hymselfe to he Pompeys sonne aâ—â— made open rodes and when Iulius Caesar was slayne he moued playne warre béeyng ayded wyth greate multitudes and forces of the suddayne gayning Shippes and publike treasure He â—ppressed Italy wyth famine and broughte hys enimies to what conditions he woulde and that most is when the wicked condemnation was executed in Rome he saued manye of the noble men that enioyed theyr Countrey by his benefyte but Fortune not fauouring hym he woulde neuer take the aduantage of hys enimie neglecting manye occasions he would lye still Thys was he that now is in bondage Titius commaunded hys army to sweare to Antony and put hym to death at Mileto when he hadde lyued to the age of fortye yeares eyther for that he remembred late displeasure and forgot olde good rurnes or for that he had such commaundemente of Antony There bée that saye that Plancus and not Antony dyd commaunde hym to dye whyche héeyng president of Syria had Antonyes signet and in greate causes wrote letters in hys name Some thynke it was done wyth Antonyes knowledge he fearyng the name of Pompey or for Cleopatra who fauoured Pompey the great Some thynke that Plancus dyd it of hymselfe for these causes and also that Pompey shoulde gyue no cause of dissention betwéene Caesar and Antony or for that Cleopatra woulde turne hyâ—auour to Pompey When hée was dispatched Antony tooke hys iourney into Armenia and Caesar agaynste the Slauonians continuall enimyes of the Romanes neuer obeying the Romane Empire but reâ—oltyng in euery ciuill warre And bycause the warres of Illyria are not thoroughly knowen vnto me nor sufficient to make a iust volume and can not â—e declared commodiously otherwise I hâ—ue thought it good to referre them to the time that theâ— were subiect to the Romances and making a compendious Treatise of them to ioyne thâ—â— with the affayres of 〈◊〉 FINIS Faultes escaped in the printing of the fiue Bookes of ciuill vvarres of Rome Pag. Line Faulte Correction 1 1â— shoulde shall â— 35 Liâ—bia Libya 4 1 duke of Loma gulfe of Ionia 4 vlt. Colligant Colligauit â— 20 of that of them that 13 2 Paperius Papirius 16 33 pastime pasture 25 25 Hirsians Hirpinianâ— 29 17 Falerno Ealerno 32 16 Canue Canne â—8 2â— Cithegus Cethegus â—0 17 meanes malice 54 14 warres wayes 69 vlt. Garinus Garganus 70 8 birdes burdens 73 20 Cateline Catilina â—3 35 that Milo Milo that 85 26. 28. 29. Ptotolomie Ptolomie 95 3 Dirrachium Dyrrachium 97 2 Sypris Sycoris â—â—2 â—4 mnalyâ— manly â—05 1 Baron barne 106 â—31 seyning seeming â—07 34 os .viij. C. sauing 800 â–ª â—â—0 1 Veâ—ona Velona 114 7 slingers slingers 110 â—â— any 120. onely 120. 115 2 fourtie 40â— 115 27 so soe 126 9 Methridates Mithridates â—40 â—7 came comming â—61 2 4â— 400. ibid. 5 horse hoâ—â—e ibid. â—◠〈◊〉 Tuâ—rciâ—◠¶ A CONTINVATION of Appian of Alexandrîa Wherein is declared the last acte of the wofull Tragedie of the Romaines bloudie Dissentions in the whiche Marcus Antonius was ouerthrown by sea at Actio and by land at Alexandrîa Where both he and Cleopatra killed themselues after the which Octauius Caesar was the only Monarch of all the Romane Empire alone In this we be taught That Gods vengeance is sharp although it be â—â—â—vv and that peoples rule must gâ—â—â— place and princely povver preuayle AT LONDON Imprinted by Raulfe Newberry and Henry Bynniman Anno 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle AS the losse of old possessioÌ„s is a griefe to the landed men eueÌ„ so the decay of auÌ„tient bokes is a smart to the learned sort Titus Liuius father of the Romane historie whom to see repaire was made of Gentlemen froÌ„ farre places vvhiles he liued hath not escaped the iniurie of time but bin left vnperfitte to the great sorovv of posteritie after he dyed Cornelius Tacitus that folowed him both in matter and age could not auoyde that iniquitie althoughe the Emperor Tacitus commaunded his bokes to be written ten times euery yeare This Authour Appianus Alexandrinus hath had the like lucke for al the estimation he vvas in the halfe of his labour being lost and the last part of the vvhole ciuill tumult not now to be had froÌ„ him but briefly supplyed otherwise that the end of the Romanes wo the beginning of our ioy might be declared the one successiuely folovving of the other The vvhich it may please your honour to accept according to your accustomed goodnesse beseeching the liuing Lord long to preserue the same Your Honours humble seruaunt H. B. A Continuation of Appian of Alexandrîa till the ouerthrow of M. Antonius vvhiche vvas the laste ciuill dissention after the whiche Octauius Caesar had the rule of all the Romane Empire alone AFter that Octauius Caesar and M. Antonius had agréed with Sextus the yonger sonne of Pompey â–ª the great â–ª it was determined that Antonius shold make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the death of Crassus Wherefore presently he sent Ventidius to represse the Parthians and he to gratifie Octauius was content to marie his sister and to be made the holy minister of Iulius Caesar that was dead he remayning in Rome ruling by common consent with Octauius Caesar as well the matters of the Cittie as of the whole Empire And as it befalleth betwéene such Princes to make pastimes in play and matches Antonie alwayes had the worse at the whiche he was somewhat moued He had in his company an Aegiptian after the maner of a Soothsayer who eyther to please Cleopatra or to shew the very truth tolde Antonie then that hys fortune was obseured by the fortune of Octauius Therefore hée aduised him to go furder off For sayth he wheÌ„ thou art abrode thy nature is noble and coragious but when thou art with him it is deiect and afrayde of his Antonie whether by this motion or his owne inclination was content to leaue all there to Octauius and to go towarde his olde loue of Aegipt yet carying his new wife with him into Graecia pretending an earnest desire to reuenge the iniurie that was done to Crassus which was after this sorte Crassus Pompey and Caesar were all suters for the Consulship in Rome agaynst them stoode Cicero and Cato Crassus and Pompey were chosen and they continued Caesars authoritie in France for fiue yeares longer which he only desired In castyng lottes for the prouinces Spayne fell to Pompey whereof he was glad beyng giuen to please his wife and the people was gladde beyng desirous to haue Pompey nigh the Citie Syria fell to Crassus whereof he was
him Lord husband Emperour forgetting hir owne sorow for cōpassion of him He being somewhat cōforted desired a cuppe of wine eyther for that he was a thirst or that he might the sooner be dispatched Whē he had dronke he wished hir to prouide for hir selfe so wel as she could hir honor being saued among Caesars friēds to trust Proculeius most and that she shuld not afflict hirselfe for him in this great alteratiō but rather comfort hirselfe that she had dealt with him that was most mighty ful of power who being a Romane was not thorough cowardise ouercome of a Romane This said he yelded the ghost whē as Proculeius was come frō Caesar for whē Antony had strickē himselfe was drawē up to Cleopatra Derceteus one of his gard toke his bloudy sword caried it to Caesar telling him how it stood which whē he heard he went into his closet wept for Antonyes chance that had bin a valiāt mā his cōpanion in many battels Then he red his letters to his friendes declaring how proudely arrogātly he answered to his gentle letters he cōmanded Proculeius to do all that he could to get Cleopatra aliue for he feared the destructiō of hir treasure thought it would be no smal honor to him if he might bring hir in triūph She wold not talke with Proculeius within but far of so as hardly hir voyce could be heard Hir request was that hir kingdome might be established to hir children Proculeius bad hir be of good chéere and remit al to Caesar and marking the place sent word to Caesar who sent Gallus to talke with hir and he of purpose prolōged the cōmunication till Proculcius hauing got scalling ladders with two more got into y window where Antony was taken in went streight to the place wher she was talking with Gallus Thē one of the womē cryed O vnhappy Cleopatra thou art takē aliue Thē she would haue strickē hirselfe for she ware a dagger but Proculeus ranne quickly and embraced hir with both his hands saying O Cleopatra you doe iniurie both to your selfe and to Caesar in taking from him the acte of clemencie and casting an infamie of vnfaithfulnesse Then he tooke the dagger from hir and cut hir garments that she shoulde haue no poyson about hir Then Caesar sent his freemade man Epaphroditus with commaundement that he shoulde in anye wise see hir kepte aliue in all other thinges doing most gently and curteously Then he entred the Citie with Arrius the Philosopher holding him by the hande that the Citizens mighte sée in what honor he had him Being come into the common hall and the Citizens lying prostrate for feare he willed them to rise saying he forgat them firste for Alexanders fame that builded the Citie then for the beautie of it thirdly for Arrius sake The body of Antony Caesar was contente that she shoulde burie which she did with hir owne hands by the labour whereof getting an agew she was glad she hadde suche a cloke to refrayne from meate and kill hirselfe with hunger whiche when it was perceyued Caesar threatned hir the losse of hir Children Then she was contente to be reléeued againe And after a fewe dayes Caesar came to sée hir and comforte hir She lying very homely in hir night gowne lept out of the bedde and fell downe at Caesars feete with trembling voyce and heauie chéere Hir body was deformed with hir owne stripes whereof the printes were séene hir eyes were sonke and hir couloure swart yet dyd hir behauiour declare that hir grace was not extinct whiche dyd appeare out of that forepined and wasted corpse Caesar willed hir to sit and he sate by hir she making excuses that she had done al for feare of Antony all the whiche when Caesar had reproued she gaue hir wholly to his mercy and toke him a note of suche treasure as she had The which when one of hir Treasurers Seleucus had corrected that she had hidde somewhat from him she lepte vnto him and knocked him aboute the pate whereat Caesar smyling and blaming hir O Caesar sayd she is it not a gréefe that séeing thou doest not disdeyne to visit me in this wofull estate to be accused of my seruants for kéeping a fewe womens thyngs wherewith I would winne thy wife Liuia and thy sister Octauia to make thée the more fauourable to me Caesar was glad of these words thinking she had desire to liue and granted hir al that and more to beyond all hope thinking he hadde deceyued hir but she deceyued him Cornelius Dolabella a noble yōg mā in Caesars camp had a great desire to Cleopatra to whom Caesar gaue leaue to come and tell hir that he would go home by lād through Syria and that she and hir children should be sent to Italy by shippe When she vnderstoode it she desired Caesar she mighte firste celebrate Antonyes funerall wherwith he was content She came to the graue with hir women and sayde Of late noble Antony I did burie thée being frée now I honor thy buriall being captiue and garded that I should not consume this wretched body with too much lamenting for thée whiche is reserued to be shewed in triumph of thée Other honours at my hand thou shalt not looke for being ready to be caried away from thée Nothing did separate vs lyuing but now in death we must be parted thou a Romane must lye héere and I vnhappy Egiptian in Italy so farforth to be partaker of thy Countrey but if the Gods there can do any thyng for oure Gods haue deceyued vs héere forsake not thy wife which is aliue neyther suffer in me a triumph to be made of thée but burie close me héere with thée For of infinite gréefes there is none so great to me as this shorte time that I haue lyued without thée When she had ended these laments and put on garlands and kissed the graue she commaunded a bath to be made readye for hir When she was washed she wente to meate and had greate chéere then a chest was brought out of the Countrie to hir by a man and the gard asking what it was he toke away the leaues and shewed them the figges They maruelling at the forme and greatnesse of them the man smiled and desired them to take thē They suspecting nothing bad him carrie them in After this she sent Caesar hir writings sealed Then all other being remoued but hir two women she shut the dores When hir letters were come to Caesar he redde them and founde hir onely request to hée with greate petition to be buryed by Antony whiche when hée saw he suspected by and by what was a doing and was mynded to haue gone streight thither hymselfe yet first sent to sée what was done but she was dispatched suddaynely For they that ranne
the yong man gladly and required Prusias to giue the yong man some Cities to dwell in and landes to finde him He aunswered he would shortly giue him all Attalus Kingdome for whose sake he had inuaded Asia before When he had said thus he sente to Rome to accuse Attalus and Nicomedes and to call them into iudgement but Attalus wente with his armie into Bithinia to whome the Bithinians by little and little reuolted Prusias distrusting all men and hoping that the Romanes woulde deliuer hym from this danger obteyned fiue hundred Thracians of Diegelies hys father in lawe and to these onely he committed his body fleeyng into the Castell at Nicaea the Pretor of Rome not bringing Prusias messengers to the Senate spéedily bycause he fauoured Attalus but at last being brought and the Senate commaunding him to choose Embassadors that might ende the warre he chose thrée men of the whiche one had his head stricken with a stone and had an euill fauoured scarre left another had his féete festered with a sore the thyrde was compted an ydiot In so muche as Cato iesting at this Embassage saide it had neyther minde féete nor head The Embassadors went into Bithinia and commanded them to ceasse warre Nicomedes and Attalus dissembling to obey the Senate the Bithinians being set on sayde they coulde not any longer beare the crueltie of Prusias now especially that they were knowen to be against him The Embassadors bycause the Romanes hadde not yet heard of this matter departed doing nothing Prusias despayring of the Romanes in whome he had most trust no help comming by them he went to Nicomedia to get the Citie and to defend himselfe against his enimies but they forsooke him and shutte the gates against him and Nicomedes came with his army and certayne of Nicomedes host being sent of him killed Prusias fléeing to the Temple of Iupiter Thus Nicomedes raigned in Bithinia for Prusias and he in time ending his life hys sonne Nicomedes that was called Philopater â–ª succéeded the Romanes â–ª giuing him his fathers kingdome by decrée of Senate Thus wente the state of Bithinia and if we will learne all the nephewe of this another Nicomedes leste the Romanes hys heire by testament Who ruled Cappadocia before the Macedonians I can not well tell whether they were vnder a King of their owne or vnder Darius It should séeme that Alexander left these nations tributarie to the rulers when he went against Darius and so it semeth that Amisus a Citie of the Athenian kind did bring in the peoples rule according to the Countreys manner And it is sayde of Hieronimus that he did not subdue all these Cities but by the coast of Pamphilia and Cilitia turne another way againste Darius Perdiccas that succéeded Alexander in Macedonia did put to death Ariarathe ruler of Cappadocia eyther for that he reuolted or woulde haue made it for the Macedonians and appoynted for these nations Eumenes of Cardia When Eumenes was destroyed being iudged an enimie to the Macedonians Antipater that after Perdiccas ruled the Countries that Alexander had gotten sente Nicanor to rule Cappadocia And the Macedonians not long after béeyng at ciuill debate Antigonus gote Syria and expuised Laomedonta Mithridates béeyng hys familiar and of the bloud royall of Persia Antigonus dreamed that he did sowe the grounde wyth golde and that Mithridates dyd carrie the golde to Pontus when it was reaped wherefore hée tooke hym and woulde haue kylled hym but he fledde wyth syre Horse and fenced a place in Cappadocia many reuolting to hym In thys tumulte of Macedonie by little and little he gotte Cappadocia and the Nations confynes to Pontus and greately enlarging hys Realme hée lefte it to hys Chyldren They raigned one after another tyll the sirth after the fyrste Mithridates whiche made warre with the Romanes Of this stocke the Kynges of Cappadocia and Pontus conuning I thynke it to bée knowen who diuided the Kingdome some reigning in Cappadocia and some in Pontus Thys Mithridates was first a friend to the Romanes and sente Shyppes and some little helpe agaynste the Carthaginiens that was called Euergetes whyche ouerranne Cappadocia as a straunger And Mithridates hys some succéeded who was named Dionisius and Eupater The Romanes commaunded hym to gyue place in the Kingdome of Cappadocia and to Ariobarzanes that sought to them and thought himselfe to be nygher to that Kingdome than Mithridates or else bycause they suspected the Kyngdome of Mithridates growyng so greate and vnder the hande woulde diuide it into more partes and hée suffered it but agaynste Nicomedes that was of Nicomedes Prusia hys sonne and by the Romanes appoynted to reigne as in his fathers kingdome he sent Socrates brother to Nicomedes that was called Chrestus with an armie Socrates toke the kingdome of Bythinia to himself At this time Mithrias and Bagoas expuising Ariobarzanes whom the Romanes had set in the kingdome of Cappadocia put Ariarathes into it The Romanes did restore bothe Nicomedes and Ariobarzanes into their proper kyngdomes sendyng certaine Embassadours for that purpose whereof Manius Acilius was chiefe and commaunded Lucius Cassius that had a litle armie in Pergamo in Asia to helpe to it and also Mithridates Eupator But hée beyng offended with the Romanes for Cappadocia and by them beyng put from Phrygia as wée haue shewed in the Gréeke matters did not helpe Cassius and Manius with that armie they had and gatheryng a greater of the Galatians and Phrygians sent Nicomedes into Bithynia and Ariobarzanes into Cappadocia and persuaded them bothe beyng neyghboures to Mithridates to molest hys countrey and prouoke hym to warre and the Romanes woulde be their mayntayners in it But bothe they alyke affected durst not prouoke Mithridates fearyng hys mighty power But the Ambassadours â—rgyng them Nicomedes that had promised to gyue the Embassadours muche money for hys restitution and to the Souldiours which yet hée ought and beyng in debte further to the Romanes for money lente hym for hys other matters vnwillyngly hée inuaded Mithridates lande spoyled as farre as the Citie Amastris none resistyng hym or méetyng with hym For albeit Mithridates had hys armie ready yet hée refrayned to haue the more and iuster cause of warre When Nicomedes was returned home with a great pray Mithridates sente Pelopida to the Romane Capitaynes and Embassadours not ignorant that they were his enimies and causes of this inuasion yet he dissembled sought more manifest causes of the warre to come Pelopida told them that Phrygia was taken froÌ„ them and Cappadocia that had alwaies bene his auncestours and left him of his father Phrygia was giuen him of your general as a rewarde for the victorie gotten of Aristonico neuerthelesse redéemed of the same generall with a great summe of money Nowe you sée sayde he that Nicomedes shutteth the mouth of Pontus and spoyleth his land as farre as Amastris and carried away so great a bootie as your
from the holy money wintered in Cappadocia Mithridates sent to Rome to the Senate to Sylla to coÌ„playne of Murenas doings who in y time passed the floud Aly that was great and theÌ„ very déepe bicause of y raine and spoiled 400. of Mithridates townes the king not yet méeting with him but loking for his Embassadors from Rome Hauing got a great bootie he went into Phrigia Cappadocia whither Calidius came to him from Rome touching Mithridates complayntes but brought him no decrée onely sayde vnto him in the midst of the hearers that y Senate coÌ„manded him to spare the king their confederate When he hadde said thus he was séene to speake to him alone And Murenas ceassed not of his inuasion but still molested y land of the king who euidently perceyuing that he was vsed as an enimie of the Romanes he bad Gordius to take the nigh townes He gathered many beastes of cariage munition priuate men and souldyours and camped at the floud ouer agaynst Murena Neither of them began y fight til Mithridates came with a great army then was there a mighty fight at the floud Mithridates by violence passed the floud being otherwise too good for Murena who fled the kings force into a strong hill and hauyng lost many departed by the mountaynes withoute anye way into Phrigia being followed oppressed This victory being euident quickly gotten was soone spred abroade and turned many to Mithridates He putting out Murenas garrisons of euery place with great spéede did make his sacrifice to Iupiter y warriour after y maner of his couÌ„trey in y top of an hil wher they make a great pile of wood to y which the kings bring the first stick Then they make another lesse in a circle Vpon the higher they put hony milke wine oyle all kind of perfumes they giue bread and meate of the best to them that be present And they make y pile after y fashioÌ„ of the Persian kings sacrifice in Rarsardis the which for the greatnes is euidently sene to many a thousand furlongs off and y one caÌ„ not come nigh the place many days after y aire is so hote This sacrifice did he make after the custome of hys countrey Sylla not coÌ„tent that Mithridates being in league should haue war made vpoÌ„ him sent Aulus Gabinius to coÌ„mand Murena not to molest Mithridates and that he should agrée Mithridates Ariobarzanes Mithridates at y méeting making sure a sonne of Ariobarzanes of .iiij. yeares of age and by y meane holding still that he had in Cappadocia getting more feasted all put gold in y cup and y meate for the iesters singers al other as his vse was of y which only Gabinius touched none Thus y second war of Mithridates did end at y thirde yeare Being now at quiet he subdued Bosphorus apointed theÌ„ his son Macharis for their king He inuaded the Acheans that be aboue Colchos which seme to be of them that fledde from Troy and lost theyr way and losing twoo partes of hys armie with fighte and colde and deceiptes he returned and sente to Rome to haue the league ratified Ariobarzanes sente also eyther of hymselfe or stirred of others that hée had not receyued Cappadocia but that Mithridates kepte yet the better parte from hym Sylla commaunded Mithridates to gyue place in Cappadocia and hée did so and sente other Embassadours for to haue the conditions of peace registred but Sylla being dead and the Senate not to be assembled bycause of the vacation he sent to Tigranes his sonne in law to inuade Cappadocia as of himself This cautele was not vnknowen to the Romanes The Armenian compassing Cappadies as with a neste ledde away thrée hundreth thousande men into Armenia and made them dwell with other at a place where he first toke the Crowne of Armenia and of hys name called it Tigranocertos whiche is the Citie of Tigranes And these were the doyngs in Asia Sertorius a Captayne in Spayne dyd stirre it and all the places about it against the Romanes and made a Senate of them that were with him for to counterfeyte the Romanes Two of his faction Lucius Manius and L. Fanius persuaded Mithridates to ioyne with Sertorius putting him in hope of a greate parte of Asia and the nations about him He being persuaded sent to Sertorius He ledde the Embassadoures into his Senate and made a glorious tale that his renoume spredde as farre as Pâ—ntus and that he beséeged the Romanes from the West to the East He couenanted to giue Mithridates Asia and Bithinia Paphlagonit and Cappadocia and Gallogrecia sent him a Captayne Marcius Varius and Lucius Manius and L. Fanius that were of that counsel With these dyd Mithridates begin the thrid and last war with the Romanes in the which he lost al his kingdome Sertorius being dead in Spayne and Generals sent from Rome first Lucullus that was admiral of Syllas Nauie then Pompey vnder whome all that Mithridates had and all that was nigh it to the floud Euphrates by the pretence violence of the war against Mithridates did fall to the Romanes Mithridates hauing proued so oft what the Romanes were and thinking that this war made without cause and of the sodaine would not be appeased made al the preparation that hee coulde as now to try the whole and the rest of the somer al y winter he made shippes and armoure he brought to the sea ij C. M. Medimnes of grayne and got confederates beside hys former power the Chalibyans the Armenians the Scythians the Taurians Achuians Heniochans Leucosyrians and all that inhabite about the floud Thermodon that was called the land of the Amazones These had he gotte in Asia to them he had before and going into Europe the Sarmatians Basileans Iazugeans and Coralleans and al the nations of the Thracians that inhabite aboute Hister Rodope and Aemos and the Basternans a most valiaunt people These hadde Mithridates in Europa he hadde gathered an hundreth and fortie thousande footemen and sixtéene thousande horsemen another great number of venturers piouers victualers When the Spring was come he viewed his nauy and sacrificed to Iupiter warriour the vsuall sacrifice and to Neptunus he did cast into the sea a Chariot of white horses and wente to Paphlagonia Taxilus and Eumocrates being his Generalls When he was come he made a solempne oration to the armye setting forth his progenitors and himselfe verye highly that he had enlarged his kingdome from little to great and was neuer ouercome of the Romanes being presente whome he accused for their ambition and vnsatiablenesse by the whiche said he they haue made Italy and their Countrey seruile He repeated the last conditions whiche they woulde not subscribe Séekyng tyme to inuade him againe and making this the cause of the warre hee extolled his power and prouisioÌ„ and shewed the Romanes troubles
one that would betray him bicause he was a Senator the king would not put him to the torture but killed him They that were of his couÌ„sell he tormented cruelly His frée made men he suffred al to departe vnhurt bicause they did but their maisters coÌ„mandement Lucullus now was encamped nigh to Mithridates when the LieutenaÌ„t of Asia sent about proclamed to the army that the Romaynes accused Lucullus bicause he made war longer than he oughte to do that his army shold go from hym they that didde not obey to haue their goodes confiscate Whiche béeing tolde the armye went al away saue a fewe which being very poore not fearing the paine tarried stil with Lucullus Thus the war betwéene Lucullus and Mithridates not surely ended nor finished was broke vp For Italy being rebelled they molested the sea being full of théeues they with famine oppressed they did not thinke it good for them to take another so great a warre in hande till they were deliuered of those incommodities When Mithridates heard of this he went into Cappadocia fortified his own kingdome the Romanes winking at hys doings till they had scoured the seas whiche when it was done and Pompey that was y worker of it was in Asia The war with Mithridates began againe Pompey was sent to be the General Therfore bicause y acts that Pompey did in the sea before hée came againste Mithridates is a parte of Pompeis feats and can be put into none other proper writing I will shortely repeate run them euer When Mithridates made his first war againste the Romanes and ruled in Asia and Sylla was busied about Grecia thinking he should not long holde Asia he spoyled euery place as I haue saide and set Pirats in the sea the whiche at the first with a fewe litle boats vexed such as they met As the war grew they were more had gotten great ships taking of great gaine they did not ceasse though Mithridates were ouercome had made truce or was fled For they y had loste their liuyngs and countries thorow the war and were fallen into extreame pouertie left the land sought commoditie by y sea and first with brigandines foists then with little galleys they roued the Archpirats being their leaders as generals of an army vnwalled Citties they spoiled them that were walled they vndermined or beate downe or got by siege destroyed The best men they brought to the sea for their raunsoms and to auoide the infamy of their rauine they called themselues hyred souldiours in stead of sea-rouers They hadde workemen in chaines to do their businesse carying matter of woode brasse yron they neuerrested Being prowde of their gaine not thinking to leaue their piracie they thought they were lyke Kings Tirans or gret generals supposed y if they gathered togither they shold be vncoÌ„querable they made ships all kind of armor specially aboute Cilicia that is called the hard the which they made their common receptacle or vsed it as their campe hauing manye forts towers voyde Ilands shipping in euery place Their chiefe trade was at Cilicia the harde beyng without ports ful of great hills of the which by a common name they were called Cilices the whych euill begunthere of the hard part of Cilicia brought vnto them Syrians Cyprians Pamphilians Ponticans and almost al the nations of y East the whiche in the time of Mithridates war rather choosing to do than to suffer they vsed the sea for the laÌ„d that in short space they were many thousaÌ„ds and they were not Lords only of the east seas but all that which is within the pillours of Hercules For they had ouercome some of the Romane Admirals in sea-fight and some in Sicelie In Sicilia no maÌ„ durst saile the land wanted their labourers bycause of their robberies and the Cittie of Rome found this inconuenience moste of all all their subiectes being in want and they for their great multitude in grieuous famine This matter séemed great and harde vnto them to dispatch so many armies of men and shippes diuided by the whole circle of the lande and sea easie to flée with their prouision and not to be set vpon from their countries or euident places â–ª not hauing any house or propertie but al that euer came to hande So that the consideration of this warre was farre beyond the rest hauing no certentie no suretie nor euideÌ„ce it wrought a doubt with a fear Murenas being sent against them did nothing nor Seruilius Isauricus after Murena but nowe they were come to the coaste of Italy and the rouers were bragge at Brunduse and Toscâ—ne and had taken noble women and two armies with their ensignes Therfore the Romanes no longer suffering this losse nor shame did choose by law â–ª Pompey a man of so great fame to be chiefe Admirall for thrée yeares of al the Seas within the pillours of Hercules and foure hundred furlongs of laÌ„d from the sea they sent al kings princes Citties to helpe Pompey with all things gaue him aucthoritie to gather armies money They sent also a great army of their owne ordinarie and as many shippes as they had and sixe M. talents of Athens So great difficult a thing did they thinke it to be to ouercome so many armies in so great a sea lurking in so many holes easily and fléeing safely and appearing againe of the sodain Neuer was there man before that was seÌ„t with such a power as Pompey was To whom an army was giuen of cxx thousande footemen sixe thousande horsemen shippes with smal vessels two hundred lxx and ministers whiche being of the Senate they call legats xxv to whome Pompey deuided the sea and gaue them Shippes and horses and footemen and ensignes of war. So was euerie man an absolute ruler of that parte that was committed to him and he as king of kings went about to sée if they kepte the order that he appointed neyther woulde he haue theÌ„ chased so â–ª as they should be carried from one to another without profitte but to méete with them as they mighte serue one anothers turne and shut them vp within the compasses Pompey hauing thus ordered all he appointed Tiberius Nero to Spaine and the pillers of Hercules with him Manlius Torquatus Marcus Pâ—mpetus to the Ligurian and Celâ—â—can sea Lentulus Marcelinus and Publius Attilus to Lybia Sardâ—â— Cyrnus and al the nigh Ilands aboute Italy He appointed Lucius Geâ—â—ius and Gaius Lentulus Plotius Varius and Terentius Varius to Acarnania and to kéepe Sicelie and the Ionian sea To Lucius Cinna Peloponesus and the coast of Attica with Euboea Thessalia Macedonia and Boeotia To Lucius Cullâ—â— the Ilandes and all the Aâ—gean and Hell spâ—â—â— To Publius Piso Bithynia Thracia and Pelopida and the mouth of Pontus To Metellus Nepos Lycia Pamphylia Cyprus and Phoenitia Thus hée appointed his
he went to Pompey remayning in suspition persuaded his sonne being yet with Pompey to entrappe hys father He was taken and bounde and in that time stirring the Parthians agâ—inst Pompey was brought in triumph dispatched Pompey thinking all warre had bin ended builded a citie where be ouercame Mithâ—iâ—ates and of y acte called it Nicopolis it is in Armenâ—â— y lesse He restored y kingdome of Cappadoâ—ia to Ariobarzâ—nâ—s and added Sophene Gordene which he had giueÌ„ to Tigranes sonne the which now â—e subiâ—ct to Cappadâ—cia Hâ— gaue him also Cabâ—la a citie of Ciâ—icia others y which kingdome Artobarzanes gaue vnto his sonne whiles he was aliue in the whiche was manye mutations till Augustus time in the whiche it was made a prouince as other kingdomes were Pompey passing ouer y hil Taurâ—s made war vpoÌ„ Antiochus Conâ—gemus â–ª â—â—l he was accepted to peace He ouercame Darius y Mediaâ— either bycause he holp Antiochus or Tigranes before He ouercame y ArabiaÌ„s y be called Nabathei â–ª Areta being their king and y Jesues that reâ—olted froÌ„ their king Aristobulus and toke Hierusâ—lem y is y most holy city to theÌ„ the rest of Cilicia y was not yâ—â— subiect to Rome and that parte of Syria that is aboute Euphrates which is called Caele Phâ—nice and Palestinâ— â–ª and the Idumeans and â—â—â—reans and al other names of Syria he brought vnder the Romanes dominion without any warre hauing no matter againste Antiochus the pittifull being present and suing for his fathers Kingdome but bycause he thought that it being taken from Tigranes who had put out Antiochus it might wel ve iudged to the people â—â— Rome Whiles he was aboute these matters Ambasâ—adors came vnto him from Phraates and Tigranes that were at warre They that came from Tigranes desired helpe as of their fryende They that came from Phraates desired to be receyued into amitie with the Romaines And Pompey not minding to make war vppon the Parthians without the decrae of the Senate sent arbitrers to reconcile them And thus he did Mithridates had nowe gone about Pontus and hauing taken Pâ—â—ticupâ—on that is the chiefe cittie of Marchandise in Europâ— at the entrie of Pontus he killed hys sonne Sâ—phares at Pâ—â—â— for hys mothers faulte whiche was this Mithridates had a castle in the whiche were hidde vnder the grounde in brasen vessels bounde with yron muche treasure secretely Stratonice one of Mithridates wiues or women whyche had the gouernement and kéeping of this Castel whiles Mithridates went about Pontus deliuered the Castle to Pompey and reuealed the treasure that was vnknowne Onely wyth this condition that if Pompey tooke hir sonne Sâ—phares â—â— should saue him He hauing the money promised to saue hir sonne and gaue hir leaue to carie awaye hir owne things When Mithridates knew what was done he killed Siphâ—res at the narrowe sea and threw hys bâ—â—ye vnburyed hys mother sâ—yng it on the other shoare Thâ—s he killed the childe to be reuenged of the mother He sent Ambassadors to Pompey being in Syria not hearyng whither he were aliue or dead that hee might enioy his fathers kingdom â–ª and pay Tribute for it to the Romaines Pompey bad hâ—â— come and speake for himselfe as Tigranes had done That he saide he woulde neuer doe being Mithridates but hâ— woulde sende some of his children and friendes Thus he sayd and withall gathered an army togither of frée and bond bringing much armour shot and munition sparing no mans wodde nor labouring Oxe to make strings He â—ette taxes vpon euery man though he were but of small substance the collectors whereof did much spight which he knew not of And being sick in his face of a bile he was healed of y Eunuchs and only senâ— of theÌ„ When he was whole and his army gathered there was thréescore choyce â–ª bandes with sixe hundred in a company and there was another great multitude and shippes and places which his Captaynes had got whilest he was sicke He sent a part of his army to Phanagorea whiche was another mart towne at the mouth that he mighte haue his entries on both sides Pompey being yet in Syria Castor of Phanagorea bâ—yng iniured of Triphon an Eunuch of the Kings he killed Triphon as he entred and called the people to libertie and they bycause the Castell was holden of Artaphernes and other sonnes of the Kings did bring woodde and burned the tower by the whyche feare Artaphernes Darius and Xerxes Ozethres and Eupatra Mithridates children gaue themselues to be taken Artaphernes was about fortie yeares olde the other were faire yong men There was another daughter of Mithridates called Cleopatra who tarried still whome the father louing for hir noble heart sent diuers Foystes and toke hir away Other Castels there about lately taken of Mithridates following the bâ—ldnesse of the Phanagoreans reuolted from Mithridates Xerronesus Theâ—dosia Nymphâ—on and all other that were fitte for the warre aboute Pontus He séeing these many reuoltings and hauing his army in suspition not faithfull being compelled to serue of necessitie and for the great tributes and the infidelitie of armies always toward the Generalles that be in miserie he sent his daughters by his Eunuchs to be married to the princes of Scythia requyring an army to be sente him with spéede sending fiue hundreth Souldyoures with them They being not very farre off Mithridates killed the Eunuchs bycause they were euer iniured of the Eunuchs that might do most with Mithridates and led the maydes â—o Pompey Mithridates being spoyled of so many childreÌ„ Castles and of his whole kingdome and not fitte nowe for to make battell nor loking for anye helpe of the Scythians yet not conceyuing any small matter as one that was in calamitie but sent to the Frenchmen whome he hadde made friends long before intending to go to them and inuade Italy with them thynking many of Italy were wéery of the Romanes and hearing that Anniball â–ª began the warre in Spayne and was most fearefull to the Romanes He knew that of late almost all Italy rebelled from Rome and kepte a long warre with them and that Spartaâ—â—â— â— swordplayer was stirred vp of them a man of no regard With this opinion he marched toward France This most bold enterprise the army disappoynted being not content with so great a boldnesse nor so long a iourney to be ledde into a strange countrey against men whom they could not ouercome in their owne countrey thinking Mithridates to be in despaire of all things and would in labour and like a king end his life rather than in rest Yet a while they abode and were quiet for he was no smal king and not to be contemned euen in aduersitie They standing thus Pharnaces that was most déere to him of al his sonnes whome he had many times declared to be the successour of his kingdome eyther for feare of his kingdome by this army being yet like
sent to Rome where thrée dayes togither holy dayes were made bycause it séemed that the Citie was restored to the auntiente dignitie after so manye euils All Spayne and the Carthagineans were astonished with the great acte that was done so valiantly and so spéedely Scipio leauing a strong garrison in the Citie commaunded that parte of the wall that was next the fenne to be made higher and he went to subdue the rest of Hiberia which he did by going himselfe to some of them and sending his frieÌ„ds to other and taking them by force that resisted Of the Carthagies the Captaynes being both Asdrubals the one sonne of Aâ—ilcare and hauyng an army of strangers in the furthest part of Spayne the other the sonne of Gisgo exhorted the Cities that remained in the Carthagies obedience to continue in the same for a greate armye should come shortly to help them He sent another Mago into the next places to gather men and he entred the Countrey of Lersanes which reuâ—lled from the Carthagies to beséege a Citie But Scipio comming vpon him he wente into Granata and set his Camp at the Citie where the next day he was easily ouercome for Scipio put him from his Campe and got all Grannata Mago was occupyed in gathering of Souldyoures which were yet in Spayne at Cerbona that with all his power hée myght encounter with the Romanes Many Spanyardes ioyned with Mago and many Numidians being commaunded of Massinissa Asdruball kepte in his Campe with the footemen of these nations Mago and Massinissa with the horsemen had their camp before the army They being thus Scipio diuided his horsemen and sent one part with Lelio against Mago and he went agaynst Massinissa The fight was long sharp and dangerous the Numidians setting on and going backe and comming againe to the fighte with their shotte But when Scipio gaue a token to hys Souldyoures that the Romanes shoulde follow them and fyghte with them with their speares the Numidians being destitute of shotte were putte to flight and retired to their tentes Scipio encamped tenne furlongs from them in a strong place as he desired The whole strength of the Carthagies was .lxx. thousande footemen fiue thousande horse and thirtie Elephants Scipio had not the third part therefore he was doubtfull a while and durst not ioyne with the whole battell but continued with skirmishing whose victuall béeing almost spent and the army beginning to lacke he thought it vnhonorable to departe and doe nothing therefore making sacrifice and bringing his armye where he mighte well be hearde framing his countenance and looke as though he had bin inspired of God he said his accustomed Angell hadde bin with him and exhorted him to fighte by reason whereof they shoulde rather trust in the power of God than in the number of men chiefly bycause his other attemptes were brought to good effect by the power diuine and not by the multitude of Souldyoures To make credite to his wordes hée caused the southsayers to shew them the sacrifices And whiles he spake thus hée espyed certayne birdes fléeyng vnto whome turning hym selfe he badde the Souldyoures beholde them saying that God dyd sende them that token of victory also and that way the birdes flewe he turned hys bodye as one rapte with a diuine furie and wyth hys eyes fixed cryed Wherfore all the armye turned with him hither and thither and euerye man exhorted other as to a certayne victory When he sawe the thing come to passe as he woulde not suffering the courage of the souldyoure to relent he made no delay but as one taken with all one diuine furie the tokens and ceremonies of theyr good lucke being shewed he sayd it must be obeyed and y battell must be made WheÌ„ the Souldyoures had refreshed theÌ„selues he coÌ„manded to take armor He coÌ„mitted y horsemeÌ„ to Sillano the â—otemeÌ„ to Lâ—lio Martio Asdruball Mago Massinissa WheÌ„ they saw they were taken of the suddaine of Scipio being but tenne â—urlongs betwéene the Camps they blow the â—â—â—â—â— nor without consusion and tumult therefore the battell being â—egâ—â—â—â— the Romane horsemen vsing their old arte were supâ—â—â—ourâ— following hard their enimies and beating theÌ„ with their spearâ—s though they fayned to flee and turne againe for the Romanes being continually at their heeles kepte them from their shooting bycause they were so nigh The footemen being ouerlayd with the Libyans continued all day and although Scipio ranne aboute and exhorted them to the fight â–ª they would neuer giue any fierce onsette til he delyuering his horse to his squire toke a souldioures target and wente alone into the middest betwéene both armies crying helpe Romanes help your Scipio in this perill Therefore they that were nigh seing him in so great perill and they that were further off hearing him all being moued both with shame and danger of their Generall exhorted one another and went against their enimies with great vehemence which when the Affricanes were not able to abide they turned their backes therfore partly wéerie with fight and partly weake with samine the nighte being at hand they were vtterly ouerthrowne This was the ende of the fighte at Cerbona in the whiche the victorye was doubtfull eight hundred Romanes were slaine and tenne thousand fiue huÌ„dred of the enimies From that time the Carthagies made hast to be gone Scipio followed and endamaged them al wayes that was possible but when they were come to a place strong and well watered and full of their necessaries so as the matter required a séege Scipio left Sillanus to hold them in and he wente to winne the rest of Spaine The Carthagies that were beséeged of Sillanus remoued and went to Cales to passe the Sea and when Sillanus had done them as much hurt as he could he returned with his army to Scipio Asdruball Amilchars sonne whiche was gathering of men at the North Ocean was called of his brother Anniball to come into Italy so soone as he could The whiche that he mighte doe vnknowen to Scipio be passed the Pirenian hilles that were nexte the North with the Celtiberians that he had and so the Romanes being ignorant Asdruball came to Italy with great iourneys In the meane season Liuius comming from Rome tolde Scipio that the Senate minded to make hym Captayne of the warre of Carthage which thing Scipio loked for and trusting it woulde be so sent Laelius with fiue Shyppes to King Syphax with many giftes to remember vnto him the friendship that had bin betwéene him and the Scipios and to aske him if he came into Africa whether he would be friend to the Romanes whiche Syphax promised to doe and receyued the giftes and sente Scipio others When the Carthagies vnderstoode that they sente Embassadors to Siphax also to remember him of societie and league which Scipio vnderstanding and minding to preuent the Carthagies bycause it was a matter of greate importance with two Gallies onely and with Laelius wente vnto him
punish Then he commaunded the officers to remoue y multitude further which being done the Senatoures brought the authors of seditioÌ„ forth who crying and praying their fellowes of help the Tribunes that were commanded killed them that durst once make any noyse The multitude when they saw them thus handled and the other armed they were sorrie and helde their peace Scipio commaunding them to bée fyrste killed that cried the other he bound to the pale and beate them with roddes and after beheaded them To the reste of the multitude he signified by the Trumpet that he forgaue them Ê’ by this order the army was reformed Indibilâ— a certaine Prince that béefore obeyed Scipio during the sedition of the souldiours raunged the dominion of Scipio he being followed would not refuse battaile as a cowarde and killed a thousande two hundred of the Romane souldioures But losyng twenty thousande of his men he was compelled to aske peace whome Scipio punished by the purse and receyued hym to grace Massinissa vnknowen to Asdrubal saâ—led into Spaine made amitie with Scipio and promised if he came into Affrica to be his aider Thus he did being otherwise a coÌ„staÌ„t man for this cause Asdrubal that ledde him with hym had espoused his daughter to him whome Syphax loued Whereof the Carthagies thoughte it néedefull for them to holde Syphax agaynste the Romaynes and gaue the maide in marriage vnto him withoute Asdrubals prinitie whiche thing being done Asdrubal was ashamed and kepte it secreate from Massinissa Whiche when he vnderstoode he made league with the Romanes Mago the admirall of the Carthagies despayring of the state of Spaine went into Gallia and Liguria and gathered men with al his mighte The Romanes tooke Gades being lefte of Mago and from that time beganne to send yearely officers to gouerne Spaine a little before the. Câ—L Olympiade which in peace had the office both of a Captaine and a Justice In the which with no greate army Santio was broughte into the forme of a Cittie whiche of the name of Italie was called Italica and after was the Countrey of Adriane and Traiane who were chosen to the rule of the Romaynes Hee returned to Rome wyth a nauie well furnished and and filled with Captines mony and spoyle of al sorts and was receyued of the people of Rome wyth all Ilandes especiallye of the North for the greatnesse and maruellous expedition of his doyngs And euen they that firste enuied him and noted him of boasting confessed the thing to be brought to a glorious end Indibilu after Scipios returne reuolted agayne Wherfore the lieutenaunts of Spaine gathering the ordinarie garrisons togyther and other of the prouince killed hym and condemned the authors of the rebellion and confiscated their goodes Then y were priuie to the mutinie they punished in money spoyled them of their armoure and tooke pledges of them and put greater garrisons in their Towns. These things were done streight after Scipios departure This was the ende of the Romanes first warre in Spaine After the which tyme the Romanes making war with the Galles that dwell aboute Poo and with Phillip king of Macedonie the state of Spaine beganne to be troublesome againe Sempronius Tuditanus and M. Claudius and after theÌ„ Minutius were chosen Generalls and after when there was greater stirre Cato was sent wyth a greater army a young man but seuere and painefull and very notable for hys wysedome and eloquence insomuche as of the people hée was called another Demosthenes who was the principall Oratour of all Grecia When he was come into Spaine to the place called Emporium and vnderstoode that the enimies were togither in a place to the number of sortie thousande he kepte hys Souldioures certaine dayes in exercise and when he determined to fighte he sent the ships which he had with hym to Massilia admonishing the souldioures that it was not to be feared though the ennimie was more in number séeing the vertue of the minde is muche more of price than the multitude And that he had therfore sent away his shippes whereof they had no néede nor were kept but for them that ouercame And when he had saide thus he gaue a fierce onset vpon the enimye and afraying his Souldioures rather than exhorting them as other were wonte to doe when the fight was begunne he ranne to euery part and encouraged the souldiors The fight continued doubtfull night manye falling on both sides and when he wyth thrée thousand had béen vpon an hill to sée al partes of the fight and saw his men were compassed of the enimie he came downe with haste offring himselfe to reâ—â—â— with the formost so crying fighting he brake the enimies aray laid the first foundation of victory He chased y enimy al night he got their camp killed an infinite multitude As he returned al mette with him embraced and congratulated with him as the Authour of victorie These things beyng done he gaue rest to the armye and made destribution of the spoyle Ambassadors came to him from al people of whom he receyued pledges Besides he sent letters sealed to the Citties commauÌ„ding the bearers to deliuer al in one daye appointyng the daye as by coniecture he considred the distance of place as they might make their iorny to the furthest Cittie He coÌ„manded the rulers of euery citie to pul down their wals threatned destruction to them y made any delay Al obeyed being mindful of y losse they had receyued seuerally they durst not resist thinking it had bin coÌ„maÌ„ded to them only not to other and if it were to other they were afraid if other did obey they should be punished if they did disobey And if they alone did obey it was a matter of no greate moment There was no respite for them to send to their neighbors of the souldiors that brought the letters they were vrged to it wherfore euery citie to saue themselues pulled down their wals and that they might haue thanke for their quicke obedience they did it with great spéede By this meane all the Citties that be about the floud Iberus did cast downe theyr walls in one day by the only wisedome of their Captaine they were quiet to the Romanes for the space of foure Olympiades But after the C L. Olympiade great parte of Spaine rebelled from the Romanes bicause they wer in waÌ„t of al necessaries for food Wherfore the matter comming to light Fuluius Flaccus Consull ouercame them and manye fled to their possessions But they that were in most want and got their liuing with robbing assembled al togither at Complega a Citty new made wel defenced that had encreased in a short time froÌ„ hence they many times molested the Romanes and seÌ„t to Flaccus that he shold leaue a cloake an horse and a sword for euery one that he had killed and flée out of Spaine before worse hapned vnto him
Flaccus answered he would bring many soldiors coats folowing their messeÌ„gers caÌ„ped at y city They not doyng any thing according to their great crakes fledde and dayly spoyled the Countreis They vse a certaine garment double of thicke wâ—â—ll with a buckle fastned like a cloke and that they count a Souldiours coate Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succeeded Flaccus The Celtiberians besieged Carabâ—â— a Cittie friend to the Romaynes wyth twentye thousande souldioures and thought to gette it quickly Wherefore Gracchus comming to helpe them and not hauing any mean to signifie it to the besieged a certaine capitaine of a bande named Cominius tolde Gracchus what he had deuised with himselfe he put on a Spaniardes coate and wente among the slaues of the campe and as a Spaniard came with them to the Campe and from thence into the Citie and tolde them that Gracchus was at hande with helpe Wherefore they abode the siege valiauntly and within thrée dayes Gracchus came and so the Câ—lâ—â—berians left the siege One daye twenty thousande came from Complega bringing braunches of Oliue lyke petitioners asking pardon whiche comming nighe the Romanes Generall gaue a violent onsette on the Romanes and put them in great daunger Gracchus went from the Campe of purpose and made as thoughe he fledde and whiles they were aboute the spoile he returned and sette vpon them and killed many of them and got Complega He appointed their laâ—â—e and the neighbors to them that had néede and made league with the inhabitants of that countrey with certaine conditions whereby they were receiued into the Romaines amitie to the whiche he bounde them by â—thâ— These conditions were much desired in the wars that followed and for these things the name of Gracchus was greate bothe in Spaine and Rome where he triumphed gloriously A fewe yeares after great warre was renewed in Spayne â–ª There was a Cittie in the borders of the Celtiberians that is called 〈…〉 named Segedâ— great and mighty comprehended in the 〈…〉 of Gracchus This Citie enticing other little Townes 〈…〉 d their walls the compasse whereof was forty â—ur â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 example induced the Tiâ—â—â—â—ans an other 〈…〉 of the Celtiberians to do the lyke Whyche thing the Senate vnderstanding forbadde them the building of their wal and required the tribute appointed by Gracchus and commanded them to goe to warre with the Romanes to the whiche they were also bounde by the league of Gracchus They aunswered that touching their walles they were bound by Gracchus not to builde any newe Citties but not that they should not defend their olde As touching tributes and seruice in war they were released by the Romanes and so they were indéede with this condition so long as it shoulde séeme good to the Senate and people of Rome wherefore Q. Fuluius Nobâ—â—â—or was sent against them with an army of thirty thousande The Segetanes hearing that he was comming their walls not being yet finished desired the Araschians to receiue them and so they fled to them They made their chiefe Captaine Carus whom the Segetanes thoughte to be a man expert in war. He thrée daies after he was created Generall laide an ambushe of twentye thousande footemen and fyue thousande horse in a shadowy and woddy place and from theÌ„ce gaue a charge vpon the Romanes The fight was doubtfull a greate while at length Carus hadde a noble victorie for he â—â—ewe sixe thousande Romaines whiche was a great losse to the Citie â–ª But when they vsed the victory rashlye and too proudlye the Romaines horsemen that garded the carriage set vppon them and â—â—ew Carus fighting valiantly for himselfe and sixe thousand with hym tyll the fyghte was ended by the darkenesse of the night This was done the same daye that the Romaynes kepte the feaste of Vulcane After that daye none of them woulde come to fight but by compulsion The Araschians assembled that night at Numantiâ— â–ª which is a very strong citie They chose Arathon and Leucon Captaines of the warre Fuluius came thither the thirde daye and camped foure and twenty furlongs from the citie to whom Massinissa had sent thrée hundred horsmen and thirtye Elephants which being come he went straight to the fight He placed the Elephants at the backe of the army and when the fight was begonne opened a way for the Elephants â–ª whom when the Celtiberians sawe they and their horse were afraid and fled to the walles The Romayne had the Elephants shoulde be brought to the wal There was a fierce fight till one of the Elephants being hurte in the heade with a stone from the wall beganne to rage and be vnruly and with furie turne vpon his fellows thrusting and treading downe euery one he met no difference betwéene friend and foe and the rest of the Elephants being made afrayde did the lyke and trode and thruste downe the Romaine souldiours The whiche thing the Elephants when they are in feare are wâ—nte to doe taking euerye man for their ennimye wherefore for this falshoode they are called common enimies Therfore the Romanes without order fled away which when the Numantines saw from the walles they came forth and chased them and flewe foure thousande of them and tooke thrée Elephants and muche armour and many ensignes Of the Celtiberians two thousand were killed When Fuluius hadde gotten from that slaughter he besieged Axenium which was as a coÌ„mon market for the enimyes for there was all thinges to sell â–ª Where when he did no good but lose his men he retired by night to his campe Wherefore hée sente Blesus the Capitayne of the horsmen to a nation that was nigh and his friend for he wanted horsemen with a bande of horse In the way they fell into an ambushe of Celtiberians â–ª whiche beyng knowne the friendes fledde and Blesus fought and was killed and many Romanes with him For the whiche losses and ouerthrowes Ocile a Cittie in the whiche the Romanes had their treasure and munition yéelded to the Celtiberians Then Fuluius distrusting himselfe and afraid of al things kepte within his campe that winter defending it as well as hée coulde and getting victuall â–ª yet was greatly troubled for lacke and for bitternesse of colde wherfore many Souldyours partly goyng for wood partly for the sharpnesse and great colde did perishe The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in Fuluius place bringing eighte thousande footemen and .v. C. horsemen againste whome when the enimies likewise haâ— saide traines he by another crafte auoyded them and went streight to Ocile there camped with all his power and fortune fauouring hym tooke the Cittie at the firste assaulte whome he pardoned receiuing some pledges and thyrtie talentes of golde When thys modestie was hearde the Nergobriges sente messengers to Marcellus to know what they might do to haue peace He commaunded them to sende him an hundred horsemen They promised so to doe yet they folowed the
tayle of the armye and tooke some of the cariage Notwithstanding they came after and brought a hundred horsemen and saide their hurte in the carriage was done by the errour of some that knewe not the couenauntes Marcellus made the hundred horsmen prisoners and solde their horses then he ranged their lande and gaue the pray to the souldioures and encamped at their Cittie where when they sawe their engines broughte and their trenches made they sente oute an Heraulte wearing a Woolfs skinne to aske pardon whiche he denyed to giue except the Aruacceans Bellans and Titthians woulde sewe for them the whiche those nations did willinglye praying that a reasonable payne beyng putte vppon them they mighte be broughte to the league of Gracchus Some of them denied that bicause they hadde bin at strife Marcellus sent the Ambassadoures of both parts to Rome there to dispute their controuersies and secretly wrote to the Senate to compounde the matter for he desired the war might be ended in his time thinking it would be for his glory The Ambassadoures of the friendes were receyued into the Cittie they of the enimies were lodged without the Cittie as the manner is The Senate would haue no peace being grieued they were not brought into the Romanes power as Nobilior would haue done that was Generall in Spaine before Therefore the Senate aunswered the Ambassadors that Marcellus should declare their plesure there forthwith sent an other army into Spaine And then was the first time that souldiors wer takeÌ„ by lot not by choice as had béene before For manye did reproue the Consulls as not vsyng themselues truely and sincerely in the choise of soldiors that they might seÌ„d to lighter enterprises as cause reqâ—â—â—â—d Therfore it séemed good then to take their soldiors by lotte of whome L. Lucullus was made Generall to whom Cornelius Scipio was lieutnant that shortely after gotte Carthage and Numantia Whiles Lucullus was comming Marcellus proclaimed warre againste the Celtiberians to whome he rendred their pledges they requiring them yet he deteyned hym long with him that wente Embassadoure for them to Rome for what cause it is vncertaine There was a suspition then which was beléeued much more by a thing that happened that is that he persuaded these people to committe their matters to him for he didde what he could to make an end of the warre before Lucullus came For after those controuersies there were fyue thousande Aruacceans that tooke Nergobrigem and Marcellus wente to Numantia and encamped within fyue myle of the Citie and droue the enimies into it Wherfore Linteuon Captain of the Numantines cried and said he woulde deale with Marcellus And being come in to talke hée saide he would leaue the Bellans Titthians and Aruacceans whom when Marcellus had accepted willingly he commaunded money and pledges to be deliuered which when he had receyued he let those people go frée This end had the warre of the Bellans Titthians and Aruaceans before the comming of Lucullus But Lucullus partly for desire of glorie and partly for néede for he was poore ledde his armie agaynst the Vacceans whiche be a people in Celtiberia next to the Aruacceans notwithstaÌ„ding the Senate determined nothing of them nor they had euer bin enimies of the people of Rome Therefore when he had passed the floude Tagus he came to the citie of Caucâ—a and there encamped They of the towne asked why he came for what purpose he molested them that were in quiet rest Who when he had answered that hee came to helpe the Carpetanes whom they had iniured they returned into the city And when the Romanes wente for forrage they kylled many which being vnderstoode the army was brought forth and they mette and fought The Caucaeans a while had the better til their shotte fayled them then they fledde not being good at a firme battell and so thrusting together at the gate there were thrée thousand slayne The next day the olde men came forth and besought Lucullus to tell them what they might doe to kéepe the Romanes fauour He required pledges an C. talentes of silner and y their horsemen shoulde serue with him which when it was graunted he saide he woulde put a garrison in the Citie and they did not denye that He put two thousand choyce souldyoures into the citie whome he commaunded to take the walles whiche béeyng done he brought in all his army and killed all without respect of age and thus by extreame crueltie they were all slaine calling vpon the Gods and the faith of the oth by the whiche the Romanes had sworne and charging the Romanes with infidelitie by the which they had murthered twenty thousande a fewe except that were in the strong and rocky places Lucullus spoyled the Citie and gaue the prey to the Souldioures purchasing an immortall infamie to the name of Rome All they of the Countrey assembled and came out of the playnes into the hils and into the strong townes carrying so muche with them as they could burning the rest that Lucullus shoulde haue no profite of them When Lucullus had made a long iourney by the hard and deserte way he came to a Citie that is called Enderacia into the whiche more than twenty thousand footemen were fledde and two thousand horsemen Lucullus suche was his foolishnesse inuited them to composition to whome they obiected the calamitie of the Vacceans asking if he woulde exhorte them to suche amitie Lucullus being angry for their obiection as the manner is of them that do naught whereas they should rather be angry with themselues wasted their land â–ª and beséeged their Citie made many trenches â–ª and continually prouoked them to fight One of them very faire in armour came many times forth on horsehacke and prouoked any Romane to fighte hand to hand and when no man answered him he laughed and scorned the Romanes and wente leaping and reioyeing home Doyng this very oft it gréeued Scipio that was a yong man who came forthe and toke the matter in hande and by the benefite of fortune ouercame the greate straunger he being but of small stature which gaue courage to the Romane But in the night they were diuersly affrighted for all the horsemen of the Barbarians whiche were gone a foraging before the Romanes came and coulde not get into the Citie ranne vpon the Camp with great alarms and they of the Citie did the like with greate vehemence sore troubling the Romanes who being afflicted wyth watche for all that night they were compelled to watche in armoure and not accustomed to the meates of that countrey and hauing neyther wyne salte nor oyle nor vinegre and did eate sodden wheate and barlie and muche fleashe of Dere and Hare without salte they fell into flixes of the whiche many dyed Thus they continued tyll they hadde brought their trenches to due height whiche being done they beat downe one part of
the wall and entred the Citie but being valiantly repulsed in their retire vnawares they fell into a fenne where a greate parte of them perished The Barbarians the night following made vppe theyr wall but at length when both sides was oppressed wyth famine Scipio promised them that there should be no fraude in their treatie to whome faith was giuen for the opinion of hys vertue This was the ende of thys warre that they shoulde deliuer tenne thousande Souldioures coates a certayne number of caitell and fiftie pledges The gold and siluer Lucullus could not haue for whose cause he made the warre thinking Spayne had bin full of it for those people hadde it not neyther doe these Celtiberians much estéeme suche things After this he wente toward Pallantia whiche was a Citie of greater name and power into the whyche many were fledde therefore many counselled him to leaue it but he ▪ bycause hée heard it was ▪ wealthy and riche did not followe their councell When he went to forage euer he had the Pallantine horsemen vpon him so as for lacke of victuall he was fayne to remoue his Camp and so ledde his army in a square battell the Pallantines euer following till he came to the floud Orius Then they went away at midnight and he returned to the Turditanes land and there wintered This end hadde the warre whiche Lucullus made with the Vacceans without the authoritie of the Senate Therfore that he shuld not come to iudgemēt being accused c. ¶ Notwithstanding another part of Spayne called Lusitania lyuing after their owne lawes with a certayne Captayne of Africa did spoyle the Countreys that obeyed the Romanes and whē they had ouerthrowen Manilius and Calphurnius Piso the Romane Captaynes they killed syxe thousande of them beside Terentius Varro that was treasourer by the whiche thing the Affrican being proude did runne ouer all the Countreys to the Ocean sea and ioyning the Vettones vnto him beséeged the Blastophenicians that were subiect to the Romanes with the whyche they say Anniball did mingle some of the Carthage generation therfore they were called Blastophenicians Thys Captayne was hurte on the head with a stone and dyed and in hys place succéeded another called Cessaro Hée foughte wyth Mummius that was come from Rome wyth another armye of whome being ouercome and Mummius chacing hym he returned vppon them that followed disorderly and kylled tenne thousande and recouered all hys prey and hys owne Campe whyche hée hadde lost and besyde spoyled the Romanes Campe and tooke theyr Ensignes the whyche they shewing throughout Spayne made a laughingstocke of the Romanes Mummius nowe Campyng in a strong place exercised the Souldioures whyche he hadde lefte whyche were fiue thousande and durst not bryng them into the playne tyll they hadde recouered theyr courage The Lusitanes albeit they inhabite the other syde of the floud Tagus yet they tooke armes and wasted the Cuneans that were tributaries to the Romanes Canchenus béeyng theyr Captayne and tooke Cunistorges theyr greate Citie and passed the Sea at the pillers of Hercules so as some of them wente into Affrica and some beséeged the Citie of Ocilis Mummius followed them with nine thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen and killed of them fiftéene thousande that wasted the Countreys and many of the other and deliuered Ocile from the séege and then méeting with them that raunged that Countrey he destroyed them all so as not a messenger was left The prey that coulde be carryed he distributed to the Souldioures the rest he burned in the honor of the Gods that be the rulers of warre for the which things he triumphed at Rome at his returne M. Attilius succéeded him which in one rode killed seuen hundred Lusitanes and destroyed a great Citie called Ostrace and tooke all the countrey aboute yéelding for feare in the whiche some were of the nation of the Bottanes but so soone as Attilius departed to hys winter station they reuolted and beséeged certayne of the Romanes tributaries whome when Seruius Galba successor to Attilius would haue put from the séege of the sodayne when he had gone in one night and a day fiue hundred surlongs he shewed himselfe to the Lusitanes and put his souldioures wearie of their iourney to the fight forthwith and when he had put the enimie to flighte and foolishly followed them with his Souldioures weake and wearie the Barbarians séeing them scattered and manye times resting them for faintenesse turned and gaue a charge vpon them and killed seauen thousande of them Galba with the horsemen about him recouered himselfe at the Citie of Carmena where he gathered all them that escaped and when he had twenty thousand of the tributarie souldyoures he went into the borders of the Cuneans where he wintered at Cunistorge Lucullus who made warre with the Vacceans withoute the authoritie of the Senate comming that time into Turditania vnderstoode that the Lusitanes made warre vppon their neighboures therefore he sent some of his best Captaynes and killed fiftéene hundred of them as they passed a water and others that were fledde into an hill he compassed with trenches and mountes and killed a great multitude Then entring Lusitania he wasted one parte and Galba another Some that sente Embassadors to confirme the league made with Attilius and broken of them he receyued into friendship and compounded the master wyth them Also he fayned that he was sory for them and kllwel ▪ that they for continuall wante were driuen to spoyle and so breaking league made warre I know quoth he that you were cōpelled to it by the barennesse and want of your Countrey ▪ but I will put you into a plentifull soyle and diuide you into thrée seuerall places full of abundance They being allured by thys hope went from their owne houses whome being diuided into thrée partes he shewed them a playne where he had them stay till he came to shew them the place where they shoulde buylde their Citie When he was come to the firste he willed them to leaue their armour as friends which they did then he enclosed them with ditches and trenches and sent in his souldyource and caused them all to be kylled not one escaping they calling vpon the Gods for the breach of faith He did the like to the seconde and thirde before one vnderstoode of anothers calamitie and thus he reuenged fraude with fraude following the Barbarians vse no respect he had to y honor of Rome A few escaped among whome was Viriatus who after was Captayne of the Lusitanes and did greate feates and killed many Romanes Those things that were done afterwarde I will shewe in the other bookes But Galba who passed Lucullus in couetousnesse distributed a fewe things among the souldyoures and tooke the rest to hymselfe although he was most riche of all the Romanes He was a man that in peace where profite appeared would
not refrayne from periurie and lies And when he being hated of all men was accused yet for his riches whereof he had great plenty he was euer quitte and discharged Not long after as many as remained of the vnfaithfulnesse of Lucullus and Galba â–ª gathering togither to the number of tenne thousande wasted the lande of Turditania Agaynste them â–ª M. Vettilius with another armye wente and ioyning to him all other that were in Spayne whych was tenne thousande he wente agaynste them that wasted Turditania and kylled many of them and droue the other into a Castell in the which if they woulde tarry they must perishe for hunger if they departed they must fall into the Romanes handes so narrow was the place wherefore they sent Embassadoures to Vettilius in humble wise desiring to haue a place to inhabite that they from henceforth with all these might be tributaries to Rome whyche he accepted and they ready to come forth But Viriatus that had escaped from Galbas crueltie and was then with them put them in remembrance of the Romanes falsehoode and tolde them how oft they hadde bin deceyued by colour of promise and that all the Romanes army was nowe lyke vnto the deceytefulnesse of Galba and Lucullus but if they woulde be ruled by hym he woulde tell them how they might all escape safe They béeyng moued with hys wordes and conceyuing good hope chose hym theyr Captayne Therefore when he hadde placed all the horse in the front of the battell as though he woulde fyghte he commaunded the other so soone as he tooke hys horse to diuide themselues and by diuers pathes to flée ouer the hylles as well as they could to Tribola and there to tarry hym tyll he came He kepte wyth hym choyce Horsemen of euery number and then he lepte on Horsebacke and the other fledde with speede Vettilius afrayde to followe them that were thus separate and diuided to many partes stayed to sée what Viriatus woulde doe who abode still He with hys swifte Horse nowe commyng vpon the Romanes now going backe from them and now comming agayne vppon them spente so that whole daye and the nexte also goyng on and comming of from that playne And when by coniecture he thoughte them that were gone to be come to a sure place at midnighte wyth most spéede by dyuers hard wayes he got to Tribola The Romanes coulde not ouertake hym partly for the weight of their armoure partly for the ignorance of the way and partly for the diuersitie of theyr Horses Thus Viriatus saued hys men that were in desperation of themselues Thys policie wanne hym greate fame ouer all the places aboute and so they came vnto hym in great numbers He kepte warre wyth the Romanes thrée yeares togither and it is well knowen that this warre muche troubled the same and in the ende was very daungerous vnto them And if there were any other stirre in Spayne that was the cause that it continued the longer Vettilius followed and came to Tribola Viriatus layde an ambushe in an hyll whyther when he knewe that Vettilius was come he fledde And when Vettilius was past the ambushe he turned and they of the ambushe came forthe and besette the Romanes kylling and takyng or throwing them headlong from the hygh places Vettilius was taken whome when the taker knewe not but sawe hym to be a fatte olde man he thought hym to be of no regarde and kylled hym Of tenne thousande Romanes scarsly sixe thousande saued themselues at Carpesso a Sea Towne whyche I thynke was called of the Grecians Tartessus in the whyche Arganthonius reigned who they say lyued a hundred and fiftie yeare The Treasurer that came with Vettilius followyng them that went to Carpesso séeing them afrayde kepte them in the Citie and made them kéepe the wall And when he had gotten fiue thousande of the Bellans and Titthians accordyng as he desired hée sente them agaynste Viriatus whome he kylled not one béeing lefte to bryng tydings home The treasourer remayning in the Citie lookyng for newesfrom Rome durst doe nothyng Viriatus in the meane season inuaded the plentifull and abundant soyle of the Carpetanes whyche he spoyled without feare tyll Caius Plautius came with tenne thousande footemen and thrée hundred horsemen Then Viriatus pretended to flée Plautius sent foure thousand to follow him vpon whome Viriatus turned and killed all saue a fewe Then he passed the â—â—oud Tagus and camped in an hill full of Oliues yet called by the name of Venus Plautius finding him héere and desirous to heale his former wounde gaue him battell wherein he was ouercome with great losse of men and fledde with shame and kepte in strong Cities and as men be wont in winter he durst neuer come forthe all that Sommer Viriatus raunged the Countrey and toke money of the owners for the saue theyr haruest whyche if they denyed hym he wasted all At Rome when this was knowen they sente Q. Fabius Maximus that was Paulus Aemilius sonne that ouercame Perseus Kyng of Macedonia and gaue hym authoritie to gather men hymselfe He bycause of late they hadde gotte Grecia and Carâ—hage and made a prosperous ende of the thirde warre of Macedonia to gyue some respect to the olde Souldioures that were come from thence hée tooke vp two legions of yong men vnexpert in warre and sente for ayde of hys friendes and came to Orsona a Citie in Spayne The contente of hys armye was fiftéene thousande footemen and two thousande Horsemen in the whyche place not myndyng to beginne the warre tyll he hadde trayned hys Souldioures he wente to Gades to sacrifice to Hercules Viriatus méeting with some of them that were gone a foraging kylled the most parte of them and putte the rest in feare who being called agayne to theyr Ensigne of theyr Captayne he ouercame them and spoyled them of a greate prey When Maximus was come he was ofte in the fielde and prouoked hym to fyghte Maximus thoughte it not good to auenture the whole fyght but continued in exercising hys Souldioures and suffered hys souldioures to skirmishe that by that meane he myghte trie the hearies both of hys owne and of hys enimies When they shoulde goe for victuall hée garded them wyth many shotte and Horsemen he riding to them as he had séene his father Paulus doe in Macedonia When Winter was past and he hadde sufficiently exercised hys Souldioures he was the seconde of whome Viriatus was ouerthrowen and putte to flighte doyng all thé partes that belongeth to a Generall And so of two Cities which he helâ— he toke one and burned another And when he had driuen him to a strong place whiche was called Vecor he killed many and in winter he wente to lye at Corduba Wherefore Viriatus not illuding hys enimie now as he was wont he induced the Aruacceans the Titthians and Bellans warlike people whiche were at a warre of themselues to reuolte
And so of them hee made the warre with the Numantines whiche was long paynefull and daungerous to the Romanes the which when I haue done with Viriatus I wil shewe briefly This Viriatus fought in an other part of Spaine with another Capitaine of the Romanes Q. Pompeius And being ouercome hée fled to Venus hills From the which comming again vpon the enimy he killed many of Quintus meÌ„ tooke diuers ensigns droue the rest to their campe and caste out the garrison at Vtica â— wasted the lande of the Basitanes For Quintus did not helpe them for cowardlinesse and vnskilfulnesse â—ut rested at Corduba in the middest of Autumne althoughe Martius didde moue hym to it sending a Spaniarde vnto him from an Italian Citie The next yeare Fabius Maximus brother of Aemilianus came successor to Quintus with two other Romane legioÌ„s and some friends So he had in all eightéene M. footmen a thousand sixe hundred horsemen He wrote to Micipse king of Numidia so soone as the time would serue to send him Elephants he with part of his armie wente to Vtica whome Viriatus encountring by the way with six thousand with great escries and alarms after their Barbarian manner with long and vgly heare Maximus withstoode him and without his losse repulsed him And when the other army was come and out of Affrica ten Elephants and three hundred horses he tooke a large place to encampe and fortified it He béeganne firste to â—ame Viriatus and to put him to flight and chase him But when the Romanes followed hym once oute of order he perceyuing it turned vpon them and killed thrée thousande of them and chased the reste to their campe the whiche hée assaulted and founde fewe at the gates to resiste hym for they were fledde into their Tentes for feare from whence the Generall and Captaines could hardly remoue them In that fight Fannius the sonne in lawe of Laelius behaued hymselfe valiauntlye and saued the Romanes by his comming Viriatus running by the darkenesse of the night and heate of the daye suffered no moment of time to passe in the which he did not molest the enimye with his shotte and light horsemen till Aemilianus encamped towarde Vtica Then Viriatus victuall fayling and with a small armye burning al his tents he weÌ„t into Lusitania whom when Aemilianus coulde not finde he spoyled fyue Townes that holâ—e Viriatus Then he led his armye into the borâ—ures of the Cuneans and from thence into Lusitania against Viriatus and as he went two Captaines of théeues Curius and Apulcius troubled hym and made spoile But Curio being killed in the fight Aemilianus recouered the pray shortly after and tooke the Cities Iseadia and Semella and Oballa in the whiche the garrisons of Viriatus were Some of these he spoiled some he pardoned and of ten thousand captiues he headed fiue hundred and the other he â—ade to be killed confusedly which being done he went to winter the seconde yere of his prouince and this warre These things being done he went to Rome leauing Q. Pompeius his successor c. ¶ His brother Maximus Aemilianus hauing taken a Capitaine of theeues called Conoba who yéelded vnto him he pardoned only him and the handes of the reste he cut off After following Viriatus he entrenched his citie Erisana into the whiche Viriatus entring by night he set vppon the Pioners and workemen till they left the armye and their tooles and fled And he droue other to the hills and hard places from the whiche it was vnpossible for them to come But Viriatus that was neuer insolent by hys good fortune thinking he had nowe gotted a goodly occasion to make an end of the warre by shewing such a benefiâ—e to the Romanes made peace and league with them whiche was approued of the people that is to say That Viriatus shoulde be a friend of the Romanes That al y wer with him sholo be Lords of the land that they possessed So Viriatus thoughte he hadde made an ende of a great warre with the Romanes was quiet but the peace continued not long For Caepto the brother of Aemilianus did not allow those conditions y he had made wrote to Rome that it was dishonorable The Senate at the beginning priuily agréed to him thinking for the commoÌ„ wealth to professe emnitie against Viriatus And when he had wrote many letters therof vrged the matter they decréed that he should breake the league with Viriatus renue y war. Then Capio trusting vpon thys decrée made open war vpoÌ„ Viriatus tooke Arsa a â—itie that he had left into his power And folowing Viriatus that went aboute wasting the Countryes hée ouertooke him at the country of the Carpetanes far excéeding him in number Wherfore Viriaâ—us not minding to fight fo his smal number sent away the great part of his armie by a certaine bypathe and placed the rest on an hill as thoughe he would fighte And when he thoughte they were come to the sure places hée tooke his horse with the spurres and with the reste of hys companye with great scorne of the enimie he went forth so spéedily that they that folowed him could not tell which way he became Then Caepio wasted the Countrys of the Vettones and Gallecians many followed Viriatus and spoyled Portugall Against them Sextus Iunius Brutus was sent who being wearye of the long waye whiche Tagus Lâ—the Darias and Betis nauigeable floudes conteyne staide from following him For they lyke théeues conueyed themselues out of sight in a moment Wherefore Brutus thought it a great labour to ouertake them and not to doe it a greate dishonor and supposing finall glorie to be in ouerthrowing them he went to spoile their campes both bycause he thought he might so chastice them and also get a great bootie for his souldiors and furder that that bande of robbers woulde scatter when they shoulde thinke of the daunger of theyr seueral countreis Wyth this entent and purpose he spoiled whatsoeuer was in his way The women that came into the warre with their husbandes and were killed with them and shewed suche constancie that they woulde not speake a worde when they were slaine Many went to the Mountayns wyth as much as they coulde carrye to whome desiring peace hée gaue it and diuided their land When he passed the floude Orius he wasted a greate region and required hostages of them that yéeded and so came to the floude Lethe and he was the first Romane that thought of the passage of it Which when he was past and gone forth he came to the riuer Nibene and ledde hys army againste the Battarans bycause they intercepted his victualls These bée people that goe also with their women armed to the warre which with good courage abide death â—oldly â–ª not sparing themselues neyther â—léeing from the fight nor lamenting when they dye Some women that were taken would
a NumaÌ„tine chiefe of theÌ„ with v. fellowes persuaded by him so many seruants horses in the darke night passing that space that was betwéene the towne the Camp and comming ouer y trenches with a ladder made to scale gote vp and killed the watch and sending their seruaÌ„ts back into the citie they got away â–ª went to the AruacceaÌ„s holding vp their haÌ„ds praying theÌ„ to help y Numantines their kinsfolke The AruacceaÌ„s would not receyue theÌ„ but bad theÌ„ goe their way There was a Citie of power xxx furlongs from Numantia called Lucia The youth of this â–ª Citie much fauoured the Numantines and moued theyr Citie to help the Numantines of the which the auntientes certified Scipio Therefore Scipio at the eyght houre of the night tooke his iourney and by day was at Lucia and beâ—éeged the Citie and required the heads of the youth to be giuen him The townesmen answering that they were fled he threatned spoyle of the Cittie vnlesse they obeyed Whiche the Citizens feating brought foorth foure hundred young men whose handes he cutte off and went away with great spéede and the next day betimes was at his campe The Numantines now oppressed with famine sent fyue men to Scipio with commission to know that if they woulde yeelde to him if he would vse them mercifully and be content with a moderate fine But Auarus the chiefe of them a man of an highe courage did muche set out the valiantnes and entente of the Numantines affirming they did not offende then being in so greate daunger fyghting for their wiues children and libertie of theyr Countrey Wherefore Scipio saide hée it shal be almost rightful thing if thou being a noble man of so great vertue wilt pardon so noble a people and appoint vs that paine that we shal be able to beare We knowe the mutation of fortune and that the safetie of oure Country was not in vs but in thée Then take our Cittie being content with moderate punishement or if thou haste vs in contempt thou maiste hope to sée it perish and be ouerthrowne by defending it selfe When Auarus hadde saide thus Scipio knowing by the Captiues what was done in the Cittie saide he woulde haue them fréely yéelde themselues and their Cittie with their armoure Whiche when it was tolde the Numantines and thoughte so before inflamed with anger for the greate desire of libertie bycause they had neuer bin acquainted to obey and being more taken with rage and furie they killed Auarus and his companye as bringers of euill newes and conspiring with Scipio to saue themselues Not long after all victualls faylyng them hauing neyther fruite nor cattell nor hearbes firste they eat leather mollified in water as other in necessitie haue done When leather failed them they eate deade mens fleshe sodden and roste Then hauing no respecte to the sicke the stronger forced the weaker thinking nowe none acte cruell or violent their mindes being turned into wilde creatures and their bodies into beastes for the meate they did eate Therfore being killed with hunger and consumed with pestilence with hear and beardes horrible they at length yéelded to Scipio whiche commaunded them the same daye to bring their armour into a place appointed and the next day to come themselues into another place assigned But they deferred a daye confessing there were yet many in the city that for the loue of libertie would end their liues with sword and famine and desired a time to kill themselues so greate loue of libertie so gret vertue was there in a barbarous litle citie whiche when they flourished in peace wer eight thousand good men the whiche what thinges they had done againste the Romanes it is euident and how many leagues they made with them with lyke and equall condition which coulde neuer be brought to doe it with any other nation Who their Captaine or Generall was I néede not to rehearse yet Scipio he being in the fielde with .lx. M. men was many times prouoked of the Numantines to fight But Scipio was better and wyser than other generals for he thoughte not good to deale with those wylde men by the force of armes but to conquere them by famine whiche is a thing inâ—uitable by the whiche euill the Numantines coulde bée only taken â–ª as they were These things I had to say of the Numantines when I consider their small number their sufferaunce of labour and noble actes and how long they were inuincible Therefore of the Numantines they that so determined dyuâ—rslye killed themselues The reste the thirde daye came to the place appointed al vgly filthie and horrible to beholde which had bodies foule and full of heare wyth long nayles full of filth and stincke worne garments of euill sauoures by whiche thinges they were miserable to their ennimies and yet feareful to looke vpon therefore they were beholden of the Romaines wyth admiration considering in them the straunge affection of theyr bodies that was felt in the ayre of the dolour and labour whiche they had suffred â–ª and also of their conscience that one had eaten anothers fleshe Scipio choosing oute some of them for the pompe of hys tryumphe commaunded the other to be solde and their Cittie vtterly to be destroyed This Generall of the Romanes these two Cities being taken harde to be wonne Carthage for the greatnesse of the Cittie and the power thereof by the decrée of the Romaines he preserued for the commodity of the lande sea Numantia hée rased a little Citie that helde but a fewe of the whiche the Romanes had not determined eyther bycause he was irefull and harde of nature againste them that he tooke by violence or bicause as some say he thought his glorie to be the greater by the greatest calamities of other Therefore to this day he is called Affricane and Numantine of the destruction he gaue to those Citties Then the places nighe Numantia being assigned and setled and if any were suspected put in feare by payment of money he returned to Rome The Romanes as the maner was sent tenne men of the Senatonres into the places of Spaine that were of their gouernment that those that Scipio or Brutus had taken might be brought into the forme of a prouince After a certain space when newe stirre was made in Spaine Calph. Piso was seÌ„t thyther with aucthoritie to whom Ser. Galba succéeded But a multitude of Cimbrians comming into Italy Sicilie afflicted with y second seruile war they sent no army into Spaine bicause of these wars but would haue lieutenaÌ„ts go to pacifie al as wel as they could When the Cimbrians wer repulsed Tit. Didius weÌ„t thither killed twenty thousand Aruacceans and brought Termentum a great Cittie which scarcely would euer obey the Romanes the strong place in which it was scituated into the plaine willing them to dwel in houses dispersed wythout wals And when he had besieged a city
had Philip of Macedome in suspition being ouercome of them not long before And in the league with the Cartheginians they had no great trust Anniball being with Antiochus And of their other subiects they had some doÌ„ubt least the glory of Antiochus should make them séeke new attemptes Therefore they senâ—e garrisons to euery one to gouerne them in peaceable manner and sente Captaynes to the armyes whome they call of sixe axies bycause the Consuls hadde twelue and twelue roddes as the olde Kyngs vsed and bycause these officers had halfe authoritie they hadde halfe the shewe And as in a greate feare carefull for Italy least some disturbance mighte happen to them eyther by the violence or fauour of Antiochus they sente a greate bande of footemen to Tarento there to bée ready at all assayes and a Nauie sayled ouer all the coast So great a feare of Antiochus was at the first When they hadde thus at home giuen order in all things at the begynning they gathered theyr army againste Antiochus Of themselues they hadde twenty thousand of theyr confederates twice so many with the whyche they woulde passe into Ionia And in thys preparation they spente the whole Winter Antiochus wente into Thessalia and being come vnto Cynochâ—phalia where the Macedonians hadde a greate ouerthrowe of the Romanes he honorably buryed thâ—se that laye vnburyed thynkyng thereby to winne the Macedonians to him and withdrawe them from Philip that hadde lefte hys Souldyoures vnburyed that serued vnder hys Standerd Philip hearyng thys was in a greate perplexitie wyth hymselfe whyche parte he shoulde take but yet dyd cleaue to the Romanes and streyghte sente to Bebius a Captayne of the Romanes lying not farre off to come to hym to a certayne place assuring hym that hée woulde take the Romanes parte against the Kyng For the whyche Bebius thanking hym was the more bolde to sende Appius Claudius out of Macedonte into Thessaly with two thousande footemen And when Appius was at Tempe and perceyued where Antiochus lay wyth his army he made many fyres to couer the fewnesse of hys armye But Antiochus thynkyng that Bebius and Philip hadde bene come togyther was afrayde and brake vp hys Campe making Winter the pretence and wente to Calcida There hée was caughte wyth the loue of a mayde béeyng aboue fiftye yeares of age and hauyng so greate a warre in hande hée woulde néedes marry hyr and make pastymes whereby hée broughte hys armye to greate ydlenesse and change that Winter When the Spring was come hée wente to Aâ—arnania where he perceyued that hys armye was vtterly vnprofitable through ydlenesse and then repented hym of hys marriage and feastings and when hée hadde gotten some of the Countrey to hys obedience and subdued the rest hearing that the Romanâ—s were passed into Ionia hée returned to Chalcide The Romanes wyth diligence and two thousande good Horsemen and thirtie thousande footemen and some Elephantes Acinius Manius Glabrie béeyng Generall from Brunduse arriuing at Appolonia wente to Thessalie and delyuered the Cities of theyr enimies And where they founde any garrisons of the Macedonians they put them out and Philippus of Magalopolis was taken prisoner hopyng yet for the kingdome of Macedonia and they tooke thrée thousande of Antiochus men And whyles Manius did this Philip inuaded Athamania and made it all subiect Amynander fleeing into Ambracia Whyche when Antiochus hearde and the speedy doyng of the thyngs hee was in feare bycause of the suddayne change and alteration and then vnderstoode that Annihall gaue hym good counsell Therefore hée sente one after another to Polyxenida to stirre with all spéede and hée gathered as many as hée coulde in all places and thys done hee hadde of his owne footemen tenne thousande and fyue hundred Horse wyth the whyche and some confederates he tooke Thermopyle that hys enimies might haue the harder passage and hée tarrie for hys armye out of Asia Thermopyle is a streighte and a long passage the whyche a rough Sea withoute portes dothe partly compasse and a Fenne déepe and without way Two toppes it hathe in the rockes of the hylles the one is called Tichiunta and the other Callidromus The place hathe welles of hâ—te water and thereof is called Thermopyle Antiochus made a wall double at it and placed engines at the wall and sente the Aetolians to the toppes of the Mountaynes that no man shoulde passe by that that was called Atropos where Xerxes came agaynste Leonida the Captayne of the Lâ—cedemonians when no man kepte the hylles The Aâ—tolians placed one thousande in eyther toppe and wyth the rest beséeged the Citie Heraclea When Manius perceyued thys preparation of the enimies hée gaue order to fyghte the nexte morning and commaunded two of hys Tribunes that is Marcus Cato and Lucius Valerius that they shoulde assayle in the nyghte whyche of the hylles they woulde and if they coulde dryue the Aâ—tolians from the toppes Lucius was repulsed from Tiâ—hiunta the Aâ—tolians there béeyng too good for hym Marcus Cato wente againste Callidramâ—s and passed the enimies being asléepe to the last watche and then hadde a greate conflict striuing to gette the high and rocky places and the enimies to kéepe hym backe Manius ledde hys armye on the face of Antiochus diuided into small bandes for so coulde he only doe in the streightes The Kyng commaunded the lighte harnessed and target men to fyghte before the mayne battell the whyche hée placed before the Camp. On the righte side he sette the slingers and archers in the hygh places and the Elephantes on the lefte syde and the bande that was euer about hym he wylled to stande at the Sea side The fyghte being begunne the shotte running hyther and thyther dyd muche trouble Manius but hée â—esisting manfully and gyuing backe and agayne commyng on hée putâ—e them to flighte Then the battell of the Macedonians opening themselues receyued them and closed agayne and thrust forthe theyr long pykes 〈…〉 togyther in order By thys manner the Lacedemontans vnder Alexander and Philip dyd trouble their enimies that dâ—râ—â— not approche to the pykes so long and so many Then of a suddayne was séene the fléeing and crying of the Aetolians dryuen to Antiochus Campe the whyche at the firste was not knowen what it was whyche ignorance caused trouble and doubte till Cato appeared followyng them wyth a greate shoute and béeyng come to the Kyngs Campe Antiochus menne that hadde hearde muche of the Romanes valiantnesse were afrayde and acknowledged theyr owne ydlenesse and delicatenesse the Wynter passed to be the cause why they thys time were the worse to doe theyr office and not séeyng perfitlye what number Cato hadde and for feare thinking he had more than he had and beyng afrayde of the Campe they fledde to it out of order to keepe away the enimie The Romanes comming vppon them entred the Campe wyth them Then was there another â—oule fléeyng of Antiochus
battaile at Thermopylei from whence though he fled he lefte not his ambition but being ouercome diuerse tymes of vs by sea when we were passed Hellespont he desired peace The conditions whereof throughe pride he contemned and gathered a mighty army and with gret preparation he made war againe againste vs and by compulsion was broughte to trye it with his betters till he was ouercome to hys greate losse It were fitte that we should set a greater punishement vpon him that so manye tymes hathe violentlye dealte with the Romanes but we wil not be insoleÌ„t for our felicitie nor aggrauate others calamitie Therefore we giue the same conditions that we appointed before adding a fewe more whiche be profytable for vs and shall be commodious for his safety in tyme to come That he refraine from al Europe and Asia on this side Taurus and to these limites shall be appointed That he deliuer al the Elephantes he hath and as many ships as we shall commaunde That hereafter he haue no more Elephants nor more ships than we shall appoint That he deliuer xx pledges as the President shall prescribe That he giue for the expences of the warre begun by hym fiue hundred talents of Euboea presentlye and when the Senate shal approue the league ij M .v. C. talents and in .xij. yeares after other xij M .v. C. talents parte whereof to be broughte to Rome euerye yeare That he giueth to vs all the prisoners and bondmen That he restore to Eumenes all that he oughte to do by a league betwéene Attalus his father and him If Antiochus wil faithfully performe this we giue him peace and friendship when the Senate shal ratifie it Thus did Scipio determine and the Ambassadoures accepted it and paide parte of the mony in hande and deliuered twenty pledges whereof Antiochus the Kings yonger sonne was one whome the Scipioni sente to Rome with the Ambassadours The Senate agréed to the conditions and subscribed to the confirmation of the peace made by Scipio and of some thynges that were not determined they made a little addition That two forelandes called Calycadnum and Sarpedon should be the limite of Antiochus Kingdome and that he doe not passe them to niake warre That he kéepe twelue armed ships onely to rule his subiectes in obedience and if warre be made vpon him to vse more That he harborowe no Romanes nor receiue fugitiues That he change his pledges euery iij. yeares his sonne only excepted This was written and sette vppe in a table of brasse in the Capitoll where other couenants of peace be placed and a coppy was sent to Manlio Volsoni successour to Scipio He gaue othe to Antiochus Ambassadours at Apamaae in Phrygia and Antiochus to Thermo a Tribune that was sente to hym And thys was the ende of the warre betwene the Romanes and Antiochus that was called Great And it séemed that he obtained it only for the kindenesse hee shewed to Scipio in restoring hys sonne and some there were that accused Scipio for it and the two Tribunes noted hym of corruption and prodition hée despysyng and contemning the accusation after he was come to the Court that daye that afore he had ouerthrowne Carthage sent to make sacrifice in the Capitoll and came himselfe into the Pallaice of Judgement with goodly shew and not sad or mourning like an accused man euery man wondring at him and fauouring hym as a worthye man and of greate courage being cleare in conscience When he beganne to speake he saide nothing of the accusation but made a rehearsall of his life his seruice and al his acts howe manye warres he had finished for his countrey whome he had ouerthrowne howe ofte he had victorye in so muche as it was a pleasure to the â—earers for the noble declaration of his historie And when he came to the warre of Carthage most of all he delated the manner thereof wyth great vehemence and audience of the people saying This daye Romanes did I conquere and made Carthage to obey you which til then was most terrible vnto you This day do I goe to sacrifice in the Capitoll and as many of you as loue your Country accompany me in the sacrifice that is made for you Hauing saide thus he went forth to the Capitoll not passing of his complainte The people followed him and so did manye of the Judges praysing him with open voice and saide the like whiles he was sacrificing The accusers were discoraged durst not prosecute the cause as of no purpose nor blame the peoples fauoure perceyuing that his life was of more price than their suspition and calumniation Scipio séemeth to me more wise in the stoute behauioure and contempte of this accusation than Aristides béeing accused of fraude and Socrates in the thinges whereof hée was charged neyther of them answering in the like discredite sauing that Socrates speaketh as pleaseth Plato Yea he was more couragious than Epiminondas that was ruler of the Booetians with Pelopida and an other The Thebanes hadde sente them gyuing either of them an armye to helpe the Areadians and Mâ—senians that were at warre with the Laconians And bycause thynges were not done as they entended they were accused and called home They deliuered not their armies to their successoures in sixe moneths in the whiche time they expelled the Lacedemonian garrisons placed other of the Arcadians Epaminondas compelling his companions to doe it promising that the doyng therof shoulde not be hurtefull to them When they were come home their accusers prosecuting the matter againste euerye of them they were condemned to dye For the Lawe iudged hym to die that by violence would rule in an other mans office The other escaped vsing lamentation and many wordes and laying al the blame in Epaminondas for so he willed them to say and he would affyrme it He being condemned to dye saide I confesse it is againste the lawe to rule thys tyme and that I compelled them whome you haue deliuered nowe I do not desire to be pardoned hauing transgressed the lawe but I beséeche you that for the seruice I haue done you woulde wrâ—ie thus This is he that gote the victorie of Lâ—nitra and that brought his Countrey to Sparta it selfe whiche before coulde not abide those enimies nor no straunger that ware a Lacedemonian hatte he is condemned of his Countrey offending the Lawe for the benefite of his Countrey Hauing saide thus he came from the Tribunes and offered his bodye to them that woulde take it The Judges by the reproch of thys spéeche and maruell of the answere and reuerence of the person accused durste not abide the triall but ran out of the court These euery man may iudge as he listeth Manlius the successor of Scipio went to the lande that was taken from Antiochus and gaue order for them and the Galathians that aided Antiochus called Tolestouians fléeing to Mysios Olympâ—â— He followed painefully thorough the Mountaines and
what is there then greater among men than a king but God who is the ruler of thy will and thy guide of this citie in steade of vs and being ofteÌ„ded with vs and al our nation here about for how can our things stande when a stronger generation riseth vpon vs This citie shall be happy mighty and long continuing Confirme thy pardon to vs that haue erred for feare of the losse of our priuate goods When the wisemeÌ„ had sayd thus Seleucus was glad and pardoned them And this muche haue I learned of Seleucia Seleucus being aliue made his sonne king of all the high landes And although this may appeare a princely and royall acte yet more princely and moderate was the taking of hys sonnes loue and the tempering of the affection therof Antiochus loued Stratonica wife to Seleucus and mother in lawe to hym and had borne a childe to Seleucus Antiochus being ashamed of this straunge passion neyther prosecuted so euill a thing nor vttered it but was sicke pyning away gladly procured his own death The notable phisition Erasistratus of counsell wyth Seleucus in moste waightye affaires coulde not coniecture the disease till he had perceyued that his body was sounde in all partes then he iudged the disease to be of the minde by the loue or affection of the whiche the body is afflicted Sorrow anger and care be commonly discouered but loue is kepte secreate in a modest mynde Of the whiche Antiochus woulde vtter nothing to hym thoughe hee vsed all gentle meanes to learne it secretly He sate by him and obserued all the mutations of hys bodye howe they stoode when any came in and finding that at all other hys body was quiet and féeble in like sorte But when Stratonica the Greate came in to sée him his minde was vexed with shamefastnesse and conscience and he then moste disquiet and silent and his pulses of it selfe more liuely and mouing and when she was gone féeble againe The Phifition therefore tolde Seleucus that his sonne was sicke of an incurable disease The King asking howe and crying out for griefe he sayde the sicknesse was Loue and the loue of a woman but it was impossible to haue hir Seleucus maruelling that there shoulde bée anye that hée being King of Asia could not persuade to marry with his sonne either for fauour for money and gifts and for his whole Kingdome which shoulde descend to the sicke prince the whiche he woulde giue him presently if any would preserue his healthe and only praide him to tell him whose wife it was Then saide Erasistratus it is my wife that he loueth Then Seleucus spake thus O good Erasistratus for the friendship and benefites that thou hast receyued of vs for the rare wisedome and vertue that is in thée wylte thou not saue a young man and a King and the sonne of thy friend and a King vnfortunate and temperate hiding his euill and more ready to dye wilt thou so little passe of Antiochus wilte thou so little regard Seleucus He framing still hys matter saide It is a thing by reason that cannot be auoyded for though you be his father you would not let him haue youre wife if he loued hir When Seleucus heard this he sware by all the kingly Gods that he woulde willingly and gladly let him haue hir and be a noble example of the loue of a good father to a sonne sober and continent in affliction and vnworthy such aduersitie Speaking many such things he began to be gréeued that he could not be a Phisitian to the sicke man but that he must haue néede of â—rasiâ—tratus in the matter When he perceyued the King to be so earnest in déede and not to dissemble he declared the case and shewed how he founde it out for all his hiding of it Seleucus being maruellous glad had yet two things to do the one to persuade his sonne and the other to persuade his wife When he had so done he called the armie togither which peraduenture had heard somewhat of the matter He rehearsed vnto them the actes that he had done and the great dominions that he had gotte aboue any of Alexanders successoures he sette out at length And bycause it was too muche for an olde man to gouerne I will quoth he diuide the greatnesse of it for your better assurance in time to come and I will giue part to them that I loue best It is reason that all you do ioyne with me in all thinge who haue bin encreased to so great rule and power vnder me after Alexander The chiefest things that I haue and most worthy my kingdome is myne eldest sonne and my wife They shall not be long withoute chyldren being yong and so shall you haue more stayes of this state In your presence I ioyne theÌ„ togither in marriage and I sende them to be kings into the vpper regions And I institute that not rather the custome of the Persians or other nations be a lawe among you than a common law to you all that it is euer iust that is ordeyned among you by the king Thus he sayde The armye made acclamations that he was the most noble King since Alexander and the most worthy father When Seleucus had said as muche to Stratonica and his sonne he celebrated the matrimony and sent them to their kingdoms an acte more glorious and victorious than all that euer he had done in the warres He hadde vnder him thréescore and twelue Princes of so greate a Countrey was he king Hauing gyuen the most part to his sonne he kept only y sea coast at Euphrates The last warre that he hadde was with Lysimachus in Phrygia next Hellespont in the which he ouercame Lysimachus that was killed in the fight He passyng Hellespont and going to Lysimachia was killed For Ptolomie following kylled him He was called Ceraunus the sonne of Ptolomeus Sâ—teros and Eurydices daughter to Antipaâ—er He fledde oute of Egipt for feare bycause he suspected that Ptolomie woulde giue the Kingdome to his youngest sonne And Seleucus receyued him and kept him as the son of his friend and ledde hym aboute with hym that should kyll him Thus dyed Seleucus at .lxxiij. yeares of his age and xltj of his raigne And I thinke the saying was meant of hym Make no haste to Europe Asia is better for thee for Lysimachia is in Europe and this was the first time that he sailed into Europe since he followed Alexander in the warre They say that asking once of his death it was aunswered by Oracle If thou auoydest Argos thou shalte haue thy naturall age But if thou goest to Argos thou shalt dye before thy time There is Argos in Pelloponeso and Argos Amphilochion and Argos in Orestiade of the which come the Macedanians called Argeades the which Diomedes did build when he fled into Ionia And whatsoeuer Argos was named in any place he foughte for it and tooke héede of it But when he went
expulsed his realme by Tigranes who sent his son y he had by Selene to be brought vp in Asia and therfore was called Asiaticus whom Pompey put from y Kingdom of Syria as we haue said being y xvij K. of Syria of the house of Seleucus For I leaue out Alexander Alexanders son as bastards their seruaÌ„t Diodotus raigning but one yere whiles PoÌ„pey was about other busines The rule of Seleucus race coÌ„tinued 270. yeres And if a maâ— looke from Alexander to the Romaynes time he muste adde to these 270. yeares 14. of Tigranes This I thought good to write of the Macedonians ruling in Syria as in a treatise by the way The ende of the Râ—â—â—â—â—s vvarâ—e vvith Antiochus the Great King of 〈◊〉 ¶ The Romaines warres with the Carthaginenses by Appian of Alexandrîa THe Phoenitians did builde Carthage in Libya fiftie yeres after the taking of Troy the builders of it Xorus and Carchedon But as the Romanes and y CarthagineaÌ„s themselues think Dido a woman of Tyria whose husbaÌ„d Pygmaleon a Tiran of Tirus had killed and kept the act secret She knowing it by a vision â—â—edde with a greate deale of money and as manye as hated the Tirannie of Pigmaleon and sayled to Libya where nowe is Carthage and beeyng driuen away by the Libyans they desired so muche place to inhabite as they coulde compasse with the hyde of a Bull. A laughter was made of this tâ—â—fling spéeche of the Phoenitians who were ashamed to denye so little a matter but chiefly they maruelled howe a Cittie could be made in so little a space and being desirous to sée the subtilty by oth they promised to giue it They cut the hide into one thinne thong and compassed that part where now the castle of Carthage is and of this it was called Birsa In time roâ—â—ng from thence and fighting with their neyghbours for whom they were to good and by the vse of their shippes keping the sea after the Phoenitian manner they buylded the Citie that is without Birsa and waxed so mightie as they were Lordes of Libya and a great parte of the sea â–ª Then they made warres in farre Countries in Sicelie and Sardinia and other Iles that â—ée in the sea and in Spaine They sent out many inhabitations and had a dominion in power comparable to the Grecians and in riches to the Parthians 700. yeares after the beginning the Romanes toke from them Sicelie Sardinia and in the seconde war Spaine also Thus they inuading one another with grâ—â— armies they by the conâ—â—â—â— of Annibal xvj yeares togither wasted Italâ—e the other Cornelius Scipio the elder being Captaine afflicted Libya tâ—â— they tooke from Carthage rule nauie and ElephaÌ„ts and apointed them to paye â—â—ny by daies Then the second peace â—â—ing made betwen the Romanes them continued 50. yeres til being broken they made the third last war betwéen theÌ„ In y whiche the Romanes ouerthrewe Carthage Scipio the yonger being Generall determined it shoulde neuer be inhabited Yet they sent an habitation thither of their owne people verye nighe the former place to be a fitte defence againste Libya The matters of Sicelie be tolde in that Treatise The doings of Spaine in the Spanishe Historie And what Annibal did when he inuaded Italâ—e in the war of Annibal This booke doth compreheÌ„d all that was done in Libya from the beginning The Romanes entred this war after that of Sicelie with .v. C. xxx ships sayled into Libya and tooke many cities left Attilius Regulus with a power â–ª General there who tooke .ij. C. â—ities more whiche being wearye of Carthage yéelded to him he went on wasted their land The Carthagineans sent to the Lacedemonians for a Captaine thinking that they were ouercome for lacke of a good leader they sente Zantippus vnto them Attilius encamped at a Fen â–ª in the hote tyme went about the Fen against his enimies laden with heauy harnesse and vexed with thirst heate and hardnesse of way beaten with the shot from the â—igh places When it was almoste night he drewe â—igh a floude did diuide them â–ª therefore he passed the floud that so he might afray Zantippus But he hauing set his army in order brought it forth of his caÌ„p thynking to ouermatch them that were hote weary that the night should help his victorie and he was not deceyued of this hope for of .xxx. M. men which Attilius â—ed a few hardly escaped to the citie of Aspis the rest were al slaine or taken with them Attilius the General Consull was captiue The Carthaginians being weary sent hym not long after with their Ambassadors to Rome to worke theyr peace or to returne he in secret with the best of the Romanes persuaded them to continue the war ernestly returned willingly to the sea The Carthaginians put him in a Caue beset with yron pricks killed him This felicitie of Zantippus brought his own calamitie For the Carthaginians pretending to send him home honorably with manâ—e giftes to Lacedemonia in certaine galleys commaunded the Captaines to drowne him and them that sayled with hym This rewarde hadde he for his well doyng And these were the good and euil happes that the Romanes had in the first war in Libya til the CarthaginiaÌ„s gaue place to theÌ„ in Sicelie and how they gaue place it is declared in the waâ—re of Sicelie after the whiche there was peace betwéene Rome and Carthage The Libyans that were vnder Carthage and serued them in Sicelie and the French that were hyred had a quarell againste the Carthaginians for with-holding their wayes and made them sharpe warre They of Carthage sente for helpe to Rome as to their friendes The Romaines onely graunted them to gather men of Italy for this warre For this also was doubtfull in the capitulations and they sent some to pacifye the matter whom the Libyans would not heare but woulde make their Cities subiect to the Romaines if they would but they did not accept theÌ„ The Carthaginians with a great nauy molested their Cities and kept victuals from them by sea and being in want also by lande as is wont in warre the Libyans were ouercome and the merchauntes that passed were spoyled of the néeâ—y sorte and such of the Romanes as they killed they threâ—â— ouer boorde â—hat it shold not be seene and it was not knowen a great while and when it was knowen deuying to make recompence waâ—re was decréed against them by the Romanes in the whiche they gaue Sardinia for a payne and it was written in the former conditions Not long after the Carthaginians iâ—â—aded Spam and gote it by little and little till the Saguntines fléeing the Romaines the limites of Carthage in Spaine was not paste the floude Hiâ—eris These agréements the Carthaginenses brake and went beyonde Anniball being theyr Capitayne leauyng Iberia to be kept by other Captaines he
went into Italie The Romaines Captaines in Iberia P. Cornelius Scipio and C. Cornelius Scipio being brethren and hauing done many noble aâ—â—eâ— were both slaine of the enimies and the Captaines after them did but â—uill till Scipio the sonne of Publius Scipio that was slaine in Iberia sayled thâ—ther and putting an opinion in all men that he went in gods name and vsed a diuine counsel in all his doâ—â—â—s he had a glorious victorie and being therfore of gret râ—â—oume hedeliuered his army to them that were sent to be his successours and went to Rome he obtayned an army to be sent into Libya to driue Annibal out of Italie and to plague the CarthaginiaÌ„s in their own countrey Some of the rulers of the citie spake against it that bicause Italy was troubled with so gret war Annibal yet wasting of it Mago in y sides of it hyring straÌ„ge souldiers in Ligurie France it was not good to make war vpon Libya nor to inuade another Country til the present hurt were healed at home Some thought that the Carthaginians whyche now without feare did ouertunne Italie bycause they were not vexed at home if warre were made vppon them woulde sende for Annibal Thus it was obtained to sende Scipio into Libya not suffering him to gather men in Italy being yet wasted by Annibal but graunting him to leade such as would willingly goe with hym and to vse them that were yet in Sicelie gyuing him leaue to prepare tenne gallies and to make supply for theÌ„ and to take them that were in Sicelie Money they gaue him none except any man for friendshippe would contribute vnto him So slenderly began they this warre at the first which after redounded to their great honour Thus Scipio inflamed as from God against Carthage and gathering .vij. thousand horse and footemen at the most sayled into Sicelie hauing with hym for his guarde thrée hundred chosen yong striplings whom hée commaunded to folow without armoure He appointed thrée hundred of the wealthy Sicilians to come at a day assigned furnished with as good armour and horse as they coulde When they were come he graunted them if they would to giue other to serue in their place where with being all content he brought forth the thrée hundred that were vnarmed and willed them to chaunge with them they willinglye deliuered both horse and harnesse so Scipio had 300. Italians for as many Sicilians very well furnished with goodly horse and armoure who gaue him great thanks and he had theÌ„ continually most ready in seruice The Carthaginians hearing this sent Asdrubal Giscanes son to hunt for Elephants and sent to Mago that made men in Liguria sixe thousande footemen eight hundred horse and seauen ElephaÌ„ts commaunding him with as many more as he could to scoure the Tuscane sea and to kepe Scipio froÌ„ Libya Mago made no hast bicause he could not ioyne with Annibal being so farre of also for that he euer foresaw the end Asdrubal coÌ„ming â—râ— the hunting gathered of the Carthaginians and Libyans six thousand footemen of either 600. horse and he bought 500. slaues to row in the gallies and 2000. horsemen of the Numidians and hyred strangers and trayned them all 200. furlongs from Carthage The Princes that were in Libya were of seuerall dominions of al the which Syphax was of gretest honour with al men Massinissa also the sonne of a noble king of high bloud of Massulia was nourished and brought vp in Carthage of goodly body good behauiour Asdrubal Gâ—sgo inferiour to none in Carthage had dispoused him to his daughter though she were of Carthage and he a Numidian when he had ensured them he carryed the yong man with him into Spaine where he was Captaine Now Syphax that was in loue with â—â—â— maâ—de mâ—â—ded the CarthaginiaÌ„s and made league with 〈…〉 〈…〉 from Spaine to inuade Carthage The Carthaginiâ—â— hearing of it and thinking it a great furtherance to the â—â—â—anes war to haue Syphax ayde they gaue the Virgin to him vnknowen to Asdruâ—al Massinissa being in Spain Massinissa disdaâ—ning at this did also confeder with Scipio in Spaine keping it secret as he thoughte from Asdrubal Who vnderstanding of it was grieued at the iniury that was made to his daughter and the yong man yet thought it beste for his Countrey to dispatche Massinissa and where he should go into Libya from Iberia after the death of his father he sent some to conducte him commaunding as secretely as they coulde to kil Massinissa He perceyuing it fledde and gotte hys fathers kingdome and gathered horsemen with continuall exercise day and night vsing them with much shot on horsebacke to giue onset and retire and to charge againe all their fight consisting in flying and chasing And hauing gathered twentye thousande of them he ledde them to huntings or prayes of other nations by the which he thought to make them endure payne and labour For the Numidians can abide hunger and vse herbes in steade of corne and drinke water altogither Their horse neuer tastbarley but alwayes eate grasse and drinke but seldome The Carthaginians and Syphax thinking this exercise that this yong man made was against them for they were not ignoraunte wherein they had offended him determined firste to make war and ouercome him and then to méete with the Romanes Syphax the CarthaginiaÌ„s were many moe with chariots and cariage for aboundaunce Massinissa would himselfe begin the labour hauing only horsemen no cariage nor forrage that he might the more easily flie and turne again vpon his enimies and retire to strong places and being many times circumuented diuided his armie that they might the better flée by partes he hiding himselfe with a fewe till they might come to him by night or day as was appointed He being the thyrde man dyd once lye hidde in a haue the enimies camping about it We neuer stayd in campe but euer led his army to be vnknown wher he was so as the enimies coulde not come to hands with him but only kepe him backe when he came to them His foode was euery day what he could get at night were it in field town or Citie catching and spoyling euery thing and diuiding it to hys companions Wherefore many Numidians came vnto him no wagies being appointed but to take the gayn that was much better Thus did Massinissa warre with the Carthaginians WheÌ„ Scipio had made all thing ready in Sicelie he sacrifised to Iupiter Neptune came toward Libya with 52. long ships 400. ships of burden and many pinesses and foysts folowed He led an army of sixtéene thousand footemen a thousand sixe hundred horsemeÌ„ he caried also much armour and munition and much victuall and sayled â—â— The Carthaginians and Syphax hearing of it purpâ—sed to deâ—â—â—ue Massinissa and to 〈…〉 him to societie till they had ouercome 〈…〉 He not being ignoraunt of their deceites layde the like for them â–ª
their way watch and thyrst Annibal was loth to come to fighte yet bycause he shoulde wante water if he tarryed and if he fledde his enimie woulde take courage and set vpon hym considering all this he thought it good for the necessitie to try it He put in order fifty M. and lxxx Elephants He placed them before the battel with spaces betwéen to make them most terrible After them was the third parte of the armye the Celtians and Ligurians with these were myred archers and slyngers of Maerrusia and Gymnasias after theÌ„ was the seconde army whiche was of Carthagians and Libyans The third were of them that folowed him out of Italie in the which he trusted most bicause they feared their case The horse men were aboute the wings And thys was Annibals order Scipio had about .xxiij. thousande and horsemen of Italie and Rome a thousand fiue hundred Massinissa was there with many horsemen of Numidia and Lacamas another prince with sixe hundred horse He set his footemen in thrée battels as Anniball did he made a particion betwéene the bandes that the horsemenne might passe easily by them he made to euery bande a defence at the front with strong pertches layde ouer with yron of two Cuvits long and very thicke to kepe backe the Elephantes as an engine and he warned them and the other footemen to giue place to the furie of those beastes and to cast their dartes vpon them as fast as they coulde and when they were nigh to cutte their sinowes if they coulde Thus were they placed of Scipio The Numidian horse he placed in the wings being acquainted with the fight and fury of the Elephants The Italians horse bicause they were not vsed to them he set last of all to be readye to passe by the distances when the footemen had bidden the first violence of the Elephants Both sorts of horsmen had companies of shotte ioyned to them to annoy the beastes Thus were his horsemen set The right wing he gaue to Laelius the left to Octauius in the middest was both he and Annibal to kepe their glorie hauing horsemen attending vpon them to helpe where nede should be Annibal had thrée thousand Scipio had two thousande and the thrée hundred Italians whom he armed in Sicelie When all was ready both of them encouraged their men Scipio called the Gods to witnesse before his army against whom the Carthaginians had offended as ofte as they brake their promise and required hys army not to loke to the number of their enimies but to their owne vertue whom being more in number they had ouerthrowen euen in that lande and if they that ouercome haue anye feare or doubte muche more of necessitie must they haue that haue bin ouercome Thus did Scipio encourage and stirre his fewe number Annibal recorded to them the feates that he hadde done in Italie as an enterprise of moste great renoume not among the Numidians but among all the Italians in Italie and shewed how fewe the enimies were now and exhorted them not to be worse than a fewe they being moe and in their own countrey Both of them did declare vnto their souldiours the daunger and greatnesse of the present fight Annibal shewed that Carthage and all Libya was to be tryed in thys fighte whether they shoulde be slaues being ouercome or rule hereafter ouer all they had wonne Scipio tolde hys that if they were defeated they had no safe returne if they dyd ouercome a great dominion shoulde fall vnto them and a rest of their present paynes a going home to their country and a renouine for euer Thus eyther of them encouraging other they went to the fight Annibal sounded first Scipio commaunded to aunswere him The Elephants beganne the fight in most terrible manner being spurred with prickes of the riders The Numidian hâ—â—â—emen ranne about them and threwe their dartes thicke vppon them so as being wounded they fledde and troubled their own parte that their kepers led them away and this was the first enterprise with the Elephants at the wings of the army but in the midde battel of the Romaines they trode downe the footemeÌ„ being vnacquainted with this fight and so heauy harnised that they could hardly giue place or goe forewarde tyll Scipio broughte foorth the Italian horsemenne that were placed behynde and with them the shotte commaundyng them to leaue their horses that were afrayde and to goe aboute and shoote at the Elephants He was the first that alighted and wounded the Elephant that came afore The other souldiours encouraged therby and hurtyng the beastes made them also to go out of the battel The fighte being cleared of the beasts and nowe only of men and horses the right wing of the Romaines whyche Laelius ledde putte to flighte the Numidians that were agaynste them when Massinissa had wounded Massintha their prince and Annibal comming quickly vnto them sette them againe to fight The left battayle â–ª whyche Octauius gouerned had very much adoe with their ennimies the French and Ligurians Scipio sente Thermus to helpe them wyth choyse men Anniball hauing stayde his lefte battayle roade to the Ligurians and Frenchmen brynging another bande of Libyans and Carthaginians Whiche when Scipio sawe he came againste them with another band When these two moste noble captaines dyd thus contend there was euidente emulation and care on both sides no diligence was lefte on eyther parte the laboure was no sharper than their exhortations were vehement The fight beyng long doubtfull and the Captaines hauing pittie of their weary souldiours coupled togither that by them the ende mighte be the shorter They threw one at another Scipio hytte Annibals shielde Annibal stroke Scipioâ— Horse and the Horse for the wounde ouerthrewe Scipio Hee was mounted agayne and threw at Annibal but missed him and hurt the Horse was next him Massinissa vnderstanding came thyther and the Romaynes séeing theyr Capitayne fighting lyke a Souldiour toke the more courage agaynst their enimies and putte them backe and chased them Anniball ryding aboute in vaine praying them to staye and perswading them to turne agayne to the fight Annibal being in greate doubte broughte the Italians that came with hym and not yet styrring from the place of succoure into the fighte hoping to breake the Romaynes araye the more easily bycause they were folowing the ennimye but they séeing that deuise called one another diligently from the chase and put themselues againe in order for the fighte Nowe hauing no Horse and their shotte being spent they fought togyther with their blades Great was the slaughter and manye were the woundes and the grones of them that fell and the shoutes of them that dyd kyll tyll the Romaynes putte them backe and made them flye also Then was the victorye euident Annibal séeing the Numidian Horsemen stande styl ranne to them and prayed them not to forsake hym whom when he had perswaded he brought them against them that chased thinking
them â–ª one in a robe of purple decked with rings bracelets of gold maketh diuerse shewes to moue laughter as flouting of enimies After him a multitude of Perfumers and the generall among these Perfumers in a chariote diuersly garnished for it was set with gold and stone of great price He was clad with a purple robe with barres of gold after his Countrey maner and a Scepter of Iuorie and a laurel which the Romane thinketh a token of victorie In the same Chariot be carried boyes and gyrles and on eyther side going men that be of kin Then follow they that haue bin scribes ministers and pages in the warre After them the army in bandes and companies with garlands and Laurell euery man with his giftes according to his worthynesse some of the rulers they prayse some they mocke and some they taunt For the triumph is priuileged and lawfull to say what they will. When Scipio was come to the Capitol the triumph ceassed and he feasted his friendes as the manner is at the Temple Thys ende had the seconde warre betwéene the Romaynes and Carthage begonne in Spaine and ending in Libya with these conditions about the hundred fourtie foure Gréeke Olympiade Massinissa falling out with the Carthaginians and trusting to the Romaines toke a great part of the Carthagies lande as belonging to him The Carthaginians desired the Romaynes to agrée Massinissa and them They sente arbitrours with instructions to helpe Massinissa as much as they might So Massinissa hadde the lande and a league was made betwene them for fiftie yeares in the whiche the Carthaginians hauing peace growe into great power and welth by the plentye of their ground and trafficke of the sea and againe as men be wonte in prosperitie were diuided some for the Romaines some for the people and some for Massinissa Of euery of these the chiefe in fame and vertue gouerned for the Romaines Hanno Magnus for the people Amilchar SaÌ„nâ—â— and Carthalo for Massinissa Annibal called Opsar They wayting the Romaynes being at warre with the Celtiberians and Massinissa at debate with other Iberians perswaded Carthalo the Boâ—tarche and for that office going aboute the countrey to make a fray vpon such as kept the land for Massinissa He killed some of them and chased the other and stirred the Libyans of that Countrey againste Massinissa and many conflictes were betwéene them till the Romaines sent other ambassadours to agrée them to whome was sayde the like that they should secretely fauour Massinissa they coÌ„firmed to Massinissa al that he had taken by this craft They said nothing nor they heard nothing least Massinissa should haue had the worst but being in the middest betwéene theÌ„ both they held vp their hands and thys was the coÌ„maundement and the Attonement Not long after Massinissa called into controuersie the greate lande and playnes of fifty Cities which they cal Tysca in the whiche the Carthaginians fledde againe to the Romaynes They promised to sende ambassadours and deferred so long till they thought Massinissa had the better Then they sent the Ambassadours and Cato They comming to the bateable land required both partes to stande to their arbitrement Massinissa was coÌ„tent bâ—cause hée trusted the Romanes and got by them The Carthaginians suspected as them that before hadde iudged not rightly They sayde the league made by Scipio néeded no iudgemente nor correctours â— bycause there was no breach of them The ambassadours not allowed to iudge of parte wente their waye and diligentlye marked the grounde verye well laboured â–ª with great preparation and when they went into the Citie perceiued of what strength it was and howe the people was encreased since Scipio hadde ouercome them whiche was not long Being come to Rome they sayde they had not suspition ynough of Carthage a Citie aduersarie and a neighbour that was excéedinglye increased And Cato chieflye sayde that Rome coulde not be sure nor in libertie till Carthage was destroyed The Senate vnderstanding it mynded to make warre on the Carthaginians but tarried for an occasion and kepte their iudgement close And Cato continuallye from that tyme sayde in the Counsell that Carthage muste not stande But Scipio Nassica saide the contrarye that Carthage muste be suffered to kepe the Romanes in feare and good order The peoples parte preuayling in Carthage putte out the friendes of Massinissa aboute the number of sourtye and they made a decrée of bannishmente and sware the people that they shoulde neyther receyue them agayne nor suffer any spéeche to be hadde of their restoring They being bannished fledde to Massinissa and prouoked him to warre He sent his two sonnes Galossa and Missipsa to require them to receiue the bannished men The ruler shut the gates against them least the kinsemen of the bannished might moue the people with their teares And Amilchar Samnis laye in wayte for them and set vpon Gelossa and killed some of his meÌ„ and made him afrayd Wherfore to giue occasion of warre Massinissa toke the Citie of â—â—scopa coueting it aboue the conditions The Carthaginians with fiue and twenty thousande footemen and four hundred horsemen of the Citie the ruler of y prouision being Captaine made warre against Massinissa and encamping nigh Asasis Sybas Captaines of Massinissa contendyng with the kings children fledde from him and ledde awaye sixe thousand Asdrubal encouraged by this camped nearer Massinissa and in the skirmishes had the better Massinissa to deceyue him went backe by little and little as though he had fledde vntill he had brought him into a desart field ful of hils and rocks and voyde of victual Then he turned and camped in the playn and Asdrubal ranne to the hils as the more surer and then entended to come the next day to fight Scipio the yonger that afterwarde toke Carthage seruing vnder Lucullus in Celtiberia came to Massinissa to desire him to send Elephants Massinissa preparing his body for the fight againstâ— the next daye sente horsemen to receiue him and diuerse of his sonnes He by breake of day ordered his army being ixxxviij yeares of age ryding yet very strongly and leaping vppon the bare horse as the manner is of the Numidians being a good captaine and a fighting souldiour The Numidians be most strong and among them that liue long of moste long life The cause is peraduenture that they haue no sharpe winter by the which euery thing is destroyed nor the sommer so hotte as the Aethiopians and Indians therefore this region bringeth forth moste strong beastes and the men be alwayes in the ayre and in laboure they drinke little wine and their diet is very simple and thinne Massinissa on horsebacke directed hys armye and Asdrubal brought his people which were very manye againste him for manye were come to hym out of the Countrey Scipio behelde the fighte from an hyghe place as from a Theatre He was wont to say that
he had séene manye fieldes but neuer none with suche pleasure for he alone without care sawe a hundred and tenne thousande menne fighting togyther and he sayde that only two beside him had seene the lyke warre at troy Iupiter from Ida and Neptune from Samothracia This fight continued from morning till night and after many slayne on both sides Massinissa seemed to haue the better Scipio met with him as he returned and reioyced with him he receyued him as an auntient friende and shewed him all pleasure he coulde When the Carthaginians heard that Scipio was come they prayed him that he woulde make an ende betweene Massinissa and them he brought them togither and for the agréement the Carthaginians offered Massinissa the lande they had at Empurium and to giue him two hundred talents of siluer presentlye and eight hundred in time and when he desired the outlawes to be restored they coulde not abyde to heare it And so they departed doing nothing Scipio returned to Spain with his ElephaÌ„tes Massinissa laye aboute the hyll of his enimies wayting that no victual should be brought them There was none nygh hande and to himselfe a great way off it was brought with muche ado and very little Asdrubal at the firste might haue passed thorow his enimies hys armye beyng strong and sounde but bycause he was better stored of victuall than Massinissa hée thought he would haue sued for peace and he tarried also hearing that Ambassadours came from Rome to make peace To whome it was sayde That if Massinissa were ouercome they should ende the matter but if he had the better they shoulde encourage him And so they did The famine consâ—ned Asdrubal and the Carthaginians who were so weake in bodie that they could not force the enimie First they eate their beastes then their horses of cariage then they sodde their horse gyrthes and eate them Manye diseases toke them as well for their euill sustenaunce as for their lack of labour and heate of the yeare For a multitude of men in a campe was thronged togyther in a little space and heate of Libya and when woode fayled them to séeth their meate they burned their Targets The dead men were not carried away for Massinissa would not suffer it nor they were not burned for lacke of woode The pestilence was greate amongst them and daunger for the sauours and corrupted bodyes The moste part of the army died and the reste had no hope of lise Therefore they promised to restore to Massinissa his runawayes to pay him 5000 talents of siluer in fifty yeres to receiue their bannished men contrary to their othes they to passe throughe one gate by their enimies only in their coats Celossa being yet grieued with them for the iniurie they did him whither by his fathers consent or of himselfe sent the Numidian horsemeÌ„ vpon theÌ„ as they wente away to be reuenged of them they neyther hauing armour to defend nor strength to flye so that of 58000. men fewe came safe to Carthage and with them Asdrubal the captaine and other of the noble men This was the ende of the warre betwéene Massinissa and the Carthagies Then followed the thirde and last warre of the Romaines in Libya When the Carthaginians were thus weakened by the ouerthrow of Massinissa and their Cittie in most féeble state they were afrayde of Massinissa being at hande with so great an army and of the Romaynes euer their heauy enimies and séeking occasion for y was done against Massinissa in neyther of the which they were deceyued for as soone as the Romaynes hearde of it they appointed an army ouer all Italie not shewing to what vse that they might be ready when they shoulde be called The Carthaginians thinking to put away this occasion coÌ„demned Asdrubal that was Captaine of the warre against Massinissa and Carthalone the Boetharch and all other that were occasions of it putting the blame of the warre vpoÌ„ them They sent ambassadors to Rome that accused Massinissa and also accused these men that so rashly and sodenly made the businesse and brought the Citie into daunger of enimitie One of the Senatours asked them why they did not punishe the authours of the warre at the beginning but after they were ouercome and had good will to make war again vpon vs and sought occasion of it to him they answered that the Carthaginians in déed had not yet satisfied the Romaines Therefore being troubled againe they asked if they were thought to offend what they mighte doe to make amendes They sayde thus to this word If you shal satisfie the Romaynes Some thoughte in debating what this satisfaction should be that the Romaines would adde more money to that Scipio had appointed Some thoughte to graunte Massinissa the lande that was in controuersie Then they sente ambassadours againe to Rome to knowe expreslye what would satisfie the Romaynes to whom it was aunswered that the Carthaginians knew well ynough and so sent theÌ„ away Then they were in doubt and feare of thys matter Vtica was the greatest Citie in Libya next Carthage hauing fayre portes and a countrey plentifull to sustaine an army lx furlongs from it fit to make war against theÌ„ being in doubt of Carthage vttering their old hate against theÌ„ in time sent ambassadours to Rome to yéelde Vtica to the Romaines The Senate that before was enclined and prepared to this warre by the comming of so myghtie and conuenient a Citie vnto them opened theyr mynde and being assembled in the Capitoll where they were wont to consulte of warre decréede the warre againste Carthage They sent out of hande the Consuls Marcus Manilius with the footemenne and Lucius Marcius Censorinus with the nauy to whome was giuen in secrete that they shoulde not leaue the warre till Carthage were taken When they hadde sacrifised they sayled into Sicelie to goe from thence to Vtica They had fiftie gallies a hundered foysts many Crayers Barkes and Hoyes They had an army of .xc. thousand footemen and foure thousand horsemen al of the best sort euery citizen confederate being desirous to go to so noble a voyage and many willingly put their names in the roll Warning and war it selfe was giuen the Carthagies by one messenger For he carried the decrée of warre and shewed the ships that sailed against theÌ„ They wer amazed in despaire for want of ships so great a losse of their youth neyther hauing confederates nor hired souldiers nor victuals to endure a siege nor any thing els in war soden not proclaimed nor being able to resist the Romaines and Massinissa too They sent other ambassadors to Rome with ful autoritie to satissie for the present as well as they could The Senate sayd to the â—â—â—â—f the Carthaginians within .xxx. dayes shall deliuer to the Consuis that be yet in Sicelie three hundred of your most noble children for pledges and shall do in other
prouoke the Romanes into hate of the Embassadors They fel vpon the earthe and with their hands and heads did beate it some tore their garments and defiled their bodies as driuen beside themselues When the passion was paste a great silence and astonishmeÌ„t appeared as though they had bin dead The Romanes were amazed and the Consulls knew they were stricken wyth the strange commandement wold be in that passion for a time perceiuing very well that greatest griefs doe strike most vehemently at the first but in time necessitie causeth boldnesse to obey Thus were the Carthaginians asflicted and with their silence féeling greater matter they ceased their disdainefulnesse fel to wéeping and lamenting themselues and their children and their wiues by name and their Country as though it hadde hearde them as a man speaking many lamentable things The priests called vppon their holy things and their Gods as thoughe they had bin present laying their destruction vppon them There was a confused and miserable mourning of them that broughte both publique and priuate things that it made the Romaynes themselues to wéepe The Consulls were also stricken wyth suche humaine mutation and with seuere manner abode the fulnesse of the matter When they had ceased wéeping they waxed silent again considering that their city was naked and vnarmed hauing neither ship sword dart nor engine nor meÌ„ sufficient to resist .l. M. being destroyed of late straungers ayde had they none nor friend nor confederate nor tyme Their enimies had all their children their armour their land and came armed againste their Citie with Shyppes footmen engines and horse 〈◊〉 another enimye was at their sides They refraâ—d from rage and choller as nothing profiting in calamities They turned againe to reasoÌ„ And Hanno that is called Gylla obtaining 〈◊〉 to speak said thus If there be any regarde with you O Romanes of oure former spéeches we would speake not as they that can bring forth any thing to â—ustiâ—e vs for there is no resistaunce in tyme to the afflicted but that you maye learne it is not without reason or cause that you shoulde haue pittie of vs We hauing dominion in Libya and the sea haue manye times contended with you for the Soueraintie and aâ— length gaue place to Scipio when we deliuered our ships and Elephants to you and agréed to giue you tribute and gaue them in time Then forthe Gods â—hâ—t be iudges spare vs spare vs also for the othe that Scipio made vs that the Romanes should be friends and consederates to the Carthaginians There is not wherein we haue offended we haue neither ships nor Elephants nor haue lefte oure tributes but wée haue taken your part against iij. Kings and it ought not to displease you if wée saide thys before when we deliuered you â—â—r armoure For misery maketh men speake muche nothyng is more strong in supplications â–ª than couenaunts made nor wée haue any other thing for our refuge but words séeyng we haue deliuered to you all oure strength Of these former thinges 〈◊〉 O Romanes was our assuraunce Of the present you Consuls be â—â—â—â—ours and witnesse with vs You required pledges and he brought them to you of the beste sorte You requyred armour and you haue it al which they that are tâ—ken with â—iege wil not willingly deliuer we haue trusted the Romane custome and manner for the â—â—â—nate commaunded vs and you when â—â—u required pledges â—aâ—â—e that 〈◊〉 shoulde be frée when you hadde them but if it were added that we shoulde receyue the reste of the commaundements â–ª it is not right that you affyrmyng in plaine speeche that â—ure Cittie shoulde bee frée after the reâ—â—it of the pledges to appointe the ouerthrowe of Carthage it self If you thinke you may desiroy it how can you giue it libertie or to be of it selfe as you say This wée haue to saye of the former league and of that your selues haue donâ— If thys will not be accepted of you wée gyue ouer all and that which is onely lefte to men in miserye we flée to complainte and prayer Much prayer is requisite for the multitude of euills Wée béeseeche you for the auntient Citie inhabited by the Oracle of the Gods and for the great glorie that it had and the name that is spred ouer all the earth and for the holy things that be so manye in it and for the Goddes that haue not offended whose solemnities pompes and feastes do not spoile nor the sepultures and funeralls since none of the deade men haue done you anye iniurie If any pitie be in you saying you pitie vs if you suffer vs to haue dwelling place spare the place of publique assemblye spare the Countrey Ceremonies spare the God of Counsell and all other that to them that be aliue be fruiteful and honorable What néede you haue anye feare of Carthage when you haue oure Shippes armoure and our Elephantes that be enuied Touching our habitation if you wil so comfort vs is it impossible for men that haue liued in the sea to dwel in y maine land of them an infinite number doth occupy the sea We giue you a choice more for our contentation and your glorie Suffer the Cittie to stande â–ª that hathe hurte none of you and kill vs whom you woulde haue remoue So shall you séeme to be angry with men and not with holy things Gods and Sepulchres and the Cittie that hathe not offended You Romanes haue had regard of good fame and rightwisenesse in all your workes and you shewe modestie in prosperitie add this you vse toward all that you take Remembre Iupiter and the other Goddes that yet haue Carthage and doe not bring euills vppon you and youre children do not blotte your good fame first vppon vs nor deface youre glorye wyth suche an acte euill to be done and euill to bée hearde of and begon first of you afore all other lyuing There haue béene manye warres betwéene the Gretians and the Barbarians and manye béetwéene you Romanes and others yet was there neuer anye that defaced a Citye giuing their handes afore fight and deliuering theyr armour and children and if there be any hurte in the worlde to sufer it patiently Bringing to you the Goddes sworne the fortune of man and the moste fearfull Goddes of reuengeaunce to them that be in felicitie Wée beséeche you not to dishonoure your selues vpon our state that hath prospered neyther to bring youre felicitie into infamye giue vs leaue if you will not suffer vs to haue oure Cittie to sende Embassadoures againe to the Senate to make intercession You sée a little distance of time but bringing an heape of long torments in a shorte while for the duety of the thing to come For it is in youre power to doe what you will either nowe or shortly after Let pittie and humanitie be present with you This said Hanno The Consulls euidently séemed sad all the while he spake bycause they could graunt them nothing and
the admiral froÌ„ wheÌ„ce the Trumpeter must giue warning and the crier tel the time and the Admirall sée abroad The Iland was right against them that sayled drawn a great length that the Admirall might sée all in the sea and they that sayled by should not sée the places of the portes perfectly Neyther could the Merchaunts in their port sée the store for the shippes For a double wall was set about them gates did receiue the Merchaunts to go into the Citie not passing by the storehouses of the shippes At that time thus stoode the Citie of Carthage The Consuls diuided their businesse and came against their enimies Manlius from the lande againste the necke to fil the ditch to beate down the little wal and so to approch to the high walles Censorinus brought ladders both from the lande and the shippes against the part of the bowing wall They both made little accompte as of vnarmed men tyll they sounde them to haue new armour and great courage at the wounder of the whiche they gaue backe and at the beginning fayled of theyr purpose thinking to get the Citie without any fighte The seconde time attempting and againe reiected the courage of the Carthagies encreased The Consuls being afrayde of Asdruball which had his campe at their backe not far off at the poole defensed both their campes Censorinus at the Poole vnder the walles of the Citie Manlius in the necke the way to the lande And thus their camps being made strong Censorinus with his passed the Poole for stuffe to make engines where hée lost fiue hundered workemen and much armoure Imilco the generall of the horse of Carthage comming sodaynely vppon hym who was surnamed Phameas Yet getting matter he made engines and ladders and agayne they both gaue assault and were repulsed Manlius beginning a little and hardly breaking any part of the wall dispayred and left it off Censorinus filling a trenche next the narrow earth at the Poole to make it the more passable brought two greate engines that caried rammes the one was heaued with sixe thousand footemen the Colonels guiding it the other of the Mariners by the conduct of the Admiralles And contention being which should doe best both of the Capitaines and souldiours a piece of the wall was throwen down and they might sée into the Cittie The Carthaginians to repulse them repayred the breach in the night and bycause they could not finishe all by night and were afrayde that that was already done shoulde be throwen down in the daye by the Romaynes engines being newe made and gréen they ranne vpon the engines of the enimies some armed some naked hauing only burning lampes They burned not all bycause they could not preuent the Romanes but that â—â—â—y came out yet they made them all vnprofytable and returned Day being come the Romanes had bolonesse to assault y place that was fallen not fully made vp for within apeared a plain fit for to fight in the fronte of the which the armed Carthagies stoode behynde the vnarmed with stones staues other placed in the next houses to entertaine the approching enimie the which séeing such contempt of naked men leapt in boldly Scipio that not long after destroyed Carthage was called Affricane being a Marshall at that time stayed diuiding his bands into many partes and standing a distaunce from the wal would not let anye of his to enter the Citie but receyued them that were driuen out by the Carthaginians and saued them And this was the beginning of his glorie appearing more wise than the CoÌ„sul The army of Censorinus was sicke lying at the Fenne ful of standing and corrupt water not receiuing winde from y sea bicause of the high wals Therfore Censorinus remoued into the sea The Carthaginians wheÌ„ y winde blew toward the Romanes filled their boates with flaxe and brushe within the wals that the enimyes should not sée it from the shippes and when they came forth and should be séene they layd on sulphure and pitch and then set vp sayle and threw fire into the vessels the which being carried with the winde y blewe lustily into the Romane nauye sette the shippes on fire and almost burned them all Not long after Censorinus went to Rome for the election The Carthagies were the bolder vppon Manlius and in the night some armed and some vnarmed carying bridges assaulted the next trenche of Manlius and beganne to pull downe the rampire The souldiours within beyng troubled in the nighte time Scipio came with his horsemen by a contrarye parte where no enimies were and feared the Carthagies when he was comming vpon them and they retired into the Citie In this fight the souldiours disordered by night Scipio was thought to haue saued them once againe very nobly and Manlius kepte his campe more sure making a wall where the rampire was and erecting a tower towarde the sea for the shippes that brought him victual Then turning to the lande with ten thousande footemenne and two thousande horse he wasted the countrey gathering woode corne and victuall and one Tribune after another did serue the turne Phameas the Captaine of the horsemen being yong and desirous to fight and vsing little and light horses that were fedde with grasse when they had none other and to suffer hunger and thirste when néede was kéeping secret in vallies and woods wheÌ„ he saw theÌ„ negligeÌ„t came foorth of the sodayn like an Eagle and when he had spoyled he retired but wheÌ„ Scipio coÌ„maunded the army he wold not apeare For Scipio led his people euer in order the horsemen kéeping on horsebacke and in his raunging woulde not dissolue hys order before he had beset the field which he would spoyle with horsemen and armed footemen And he roade about with other bandes and kepte in the foragers that lefte their companie or went out of the compasse Therfore Phameas wold not come vpon him And this being often done Scipio had great glorye The other Captayne 's enuying gaue out that there was friendship betwéen the auncestours of Phamea and the grandfather of this Scipio The Libyans that fledde into towers and fortes that were many in the country the other Tribunes would couenaunt with them to depart assaile theÌ„ as they went but Scipio would send them home Therfore there was such a fame of his valiaÌ„tnesse and faith as they would not trust except Scipio gaue his word so as he was honoured both of his own of his enimies Comming from foraging the Libyans assaulted the castle of the nauy in the night the coÌ„fusion being great by the escries that the Carthagies made to cause the more terror MaÌ„lius kept his meÌ„ within not knowing the matter Scipio takyng two bandes of horsemen came forth with burning lightes commaunding his men not to fight bycause of the darke but onely to run about wyth the fire to séeme the more afray the
not erre in youre enterprises nor be voide of thankes For nowe we muste laboure where perill is Lette luere alone till a fitte time maye serue vs to be merye Thus doe I commaund and the law and they that will be obedient shal be pertakers of muche good and they that be disobedient shall repent Thus Scipio said by and by put away al y multitude of vnprofitable meÌ„ with them al things that wer superfluous vaine and delicate His army being purged with reuerence readie to do his commaundement he attempted a place called Megara in two places in one night Megara is a very great place in the Cittie ioyning to the wall into the whiche sending other about he went wyth pike axes ladders bars vnséen with silence WheÌ„ they aboue heard them come néere they made a crie from the wall he made the countre crie firste after him the army in diuerse parts it was made very great This was the first feare the Carthaginians had so many enimies in the sides of them so sodainelye being come vpon them He coulde do no good against the wall thoughe he proued al wayes but he gote a Tower of a priuate Citizen voide without the wall as high as the wall by the courage of his yong men which droue away â—â—e watch from the wall with their darts laying bridges planâ—es the space betwéene gote into Megara and breaking down the gate let in Scipio He entred with â—â—â—â—en the Carthaginians sted into Byrsae as the reste of the Citie had â—â—â— taken There was a strange crie and 〈…〉 some were taken 〈…〉 their camy without â—aâ— with other into Byâ—â—â— â–ª 〈…〉 was fulâ— of â—â— harded groues of fruite diuided with hedges and sets and briers and with riuers running diuersely fearing least the army folowing him shoulde finde a troublesome passage without waye and ignorantly going in the night might haply fal into some traynes blew the retreate When day was come Asdrubal being angry with the taking of Megara as many prisoners as he had of the Romaynes he brought them to the wall where the Romaynes mighte sée what shoulde be done he pulled out their eyes their tongs the sinowes and priuie members with hookes of yron of some he pulled of the skinne of their bodye some he cutte the soles of their féete of some he cut of the fingers and threw them downe being yet aliue shewing there was no hope of concorde betwéene the Romaines and the Carthagies Thus did he stirre them to haue their hope only in fight But it came otherwise to passe than he thoughte for the Carthagies by conscience of these horrible actes were made fearefull in steade of bloud and they hated Asdruball that hadde taken awaye hope of pardon and specially the Senate who exclaymed agaynst him as one that committed too cruell and proude déebes in the countries calamitie But he toke certaine of the Senate and killed them and being waxen fearefull toward all was rather a Tiranne than a Captaine as he that had his safety only in this to be terrible vnto them and therefore wared intollerable Scipio burned the campe of his enimies which they left when they fled into Byrsa and hauing gotten the grounde betwéene the water he trenched it from sea to sea separate from the enimie as far as they might caste a darte They resisted it and the worke was from the head fiue and twenty furlongs and was fayne to worke and fight at once When he had finished this he made another ditch equall to it not farre from the former drawing it towarde the land and after that two more that his whole trenche was a quadrate He made it strong with pale sharpe at the end and at the pale he made other ditches That part that was towarde Carthage he fensed with a wall fiue and twenty furlongs in higth twelue foote beside towers holds which were set with a distaunce on the wal The breadth was halfe so much as the higth The tower in the middest was highest of all and in it a kepe of woodde foure square from the whiche he might sée all that was done in the Cittie This he dyd in twentie dayes and nightes all the armye labouring and working and fighting by turne and not greatly passing for their victuals He brought the army within the treÌ„ch which ser ued both as a long wall against the enimie when he woulde to take the reliefe that was brought to Carthage by land also for except this part that was called the necke the water dyd beate on Carthage euery where And this was the chiefe cause of their hunger and destruction For what the multitude of the Citie had from the fielde neyther coulde it be brought for thys flege nor strangers comming to them for the warre only they had their victuall of Libya a little and by sea when wynde woulde serue the reste came by lande the whiche waye after it was stopped they were sore vexed with famine Bythias that was the Captaine of horsemen and was sent for victual a long tyme neyther durst come neare nor passe Scipios trenche but seldome and slowly sent them foode by ship albeit the Romanes nauy laye at the towne not continuallye nor many at once bicause the sea was dangerous and tempestuuos and they could not approche the Cittie the Carthagies being on the walkes and the waues being great there bycause of the rocke Therefore the Hoyes of Bithyas or if any merchant came for gaine caring nothing for perill they obserued when the winde was greate and made full sayle the gallies not being able to folowe them when they were blowen in with such vehemence from the sea And whatsoeuer these ships brought Asdrubal distributed it vpoÌ„ thirtie thousaÌ„d which he had for the war little regardyng the other people wherefore they were soare troubled wyth famine When Scipio perceyued this he purposed to shutte the mouthe of the porte towarde the Weaste and not farre from the lande hée made a long Trenche beginnyng from the streighte betwéene the Fenne and the Sea called the Longue He wrought in the sea and stopped the passage making it sure with great thicke stones that it should not be broken of the billow And the breadth of she trenche was foure and twenty feete and square in the botteâ—â—e The Carthaginians at the beginning conâ—emned the worke as a thing asking long time and paraduenture impossible to be done But the army applying it earnestly ceassing neither daye nor night they were afrayde and digged out another mouth on the other side of the porte into the midde sea where no trench coulde come for the depth and vehement windes Women and chyldren digged within and were not perceyued and they made shippes of olde stuffe both great and little gallies leauing for no want of courage and boldnesse They kepte all so secrete that neuer a prisoner could
tell Scipio what they did certainely but that there was a noyse within their portes day and nighte not ceassing but to what vse they coulde not tell till al being readye the Carthagies brake open the mouthe by dauning of the daye and then issewed with fiftie gallies Foystes and Brigandines and many other small vessels wel set foorth for terrour The Romaines were so amazed at the sodayn opening of the mouth and at such a company of shippes that if the Carthagies had then set vpon the Romayne nauy the men being occupied at the wall and neyther Mariner nor other present to defend it they mighte haue gotten al the fame But it was nowe come that Carthage must perish They made a shew only with a bolde countenaunce and returned The thirde daye after they came forth to fight when the Romaines had their shippes and other thinges prepared to resiste The crie and call being made on both sides and courage shewed both of Mariners and maisters the Carthagies for their liues and the Romaines for the full victory there were many hurt and slaine on both sides til it was midde day In this fight the little boates of the Carthagies ran vnder the great shippes sides of the Romanes and now brake at the stemines and nowe the sternes and the oares and did much other hurt easily flying and easily returning The fighte being doubtfull and toward nighte the Carthagies thoughte it good to retire not as ouercome but to prepare themselues against the next day The small vessels fledde first and shutte the mouth being altogither so as the great shippes were put from the mouth and fledde to the trenche whiche was made for the Merchaunts before the wall large to receyue the packes of the occupiers and a little bray was made in this warre that the enimies should not plant in so playne a place To this trenche the Carthagies shippes fledde for lacke of a porte and stoâ—e with their stemmes against their enimies whom some resisted from the shippes some from the trenche and some from the bray The Romaynes easilye gaue onset vppon them bycause they fought with shippes that stoode but their departing for the turning of their long shippes was slow and hurtful so as they had little aduauntage for when they turned they were beaten of the Carthagies Fiue shippes of the Sidents that accompanied Scipio for good will renued the fight in this wise They let fal their ancres aloofe off in the sea and waying their longest Cables being fast moored charged their enimie and when they had encountred them shortning vp their Cables retyred backe and so haled forward and backewarde alwayes fighting with their faces vpon the enimie The rest of the nauy séeing the deuise of the Sidents folowed it did their enimies much hurt night making an end The rest of the Carthage shippes fled into the Citie Scipio by day toke the trench for it was a place fitte to annoy the port Therfore beaâ—ing the bray with his rammes and bringing manye engines he toke part of it The Carthagies althoughe they were afflycted with famine and diuerse euils they ranne vpon the Romanes engines in the night not by lande for there was no way nor by shippe for the sea was shallowe but naked with linckes not light that they should not be séene a far off They came by sea where no man would haue thought some to the breastes waded in the shalows some swamme til they came to the engines they threw the fire and were perceyued receyuing much hurt bycause they were naked and did much by their boldnesse for being stroke on the breasts and faces with dartes and speares they woulde not giue place as wilde beasts offering themselues to the strikers til they had set the artillery on fyre and driueÌ„ the Romanes away that kepte them with confusion as there was suche feare and trouble in the Camp and whole army as hadde not béene before and all by the furie of naked enimies Wherefore Scipio being afraide came forth with his horsmen and commaunded to beate them down that would not leaue their flight And some he beare downe and killed till they retourned to the Camp for necessitie to saue themselues and watched that night in armes fearing the desperation of the enimies who when they had burned the artillerie swamme home againe When it was daye the Carthaginians being sure from the engines builded vppe the fore parte of the wall againe and made many Towers vpon it by a certaine distaunce The Romanes made other engines and erected a trenche against the Towers making fire worke of pitche and sulphure and threw them vpon y enimie And when they had burned many of the Towers they chased the Carthaginians that fledde But where the ground was slippery with bloud and myre they left the chase of themselues Scipio hauing got all the trench compassed it with a ditch wyth a wall of stone not verye neare nor farre off the ennimies And when the wall was vppe he put in foure thousand whiche did not much passe of the enimie throwing dartes and weapons vpon them with contempt and bicause they were of like heigth they were sure to hit them And thus the Sommer was spente Winter being come Scipio determined to take from the Carthaginians al the power and friends that they had by lande and sente some one way and some another he himselfe went to Nepheris by water where Diogenes that fauoured Asdrubal lay in camp and sent C. Lalius thither by land WheÌ„ they were come they encamped two furlongs from Diogenes There he left Gelossa to molest Diogenes continually and returned to Carthage so vsed to go betwéen Carthage and Nepheris to sée the doings Two of Diogenes Towers fel wherfore Scipio went and laid a. M. choice seuldiors behind in an ambush and brought 3000. tried men againste the front willed them to giue the assault at the broken towers not al at once but by ranckes stil following one another that the former being putte backe should not hinder them that followed The Crie being greate and the fraye hotte al the Libyans turned to the defence theÌ„ the thousand as was appointed theÌ„ came forth and were not séene and when the first were entred they were soone perceyued wherfore the Libyans fled not séeing how many they wer but thinking they had bin many moâ— thaÌ„ they were Celossa set vpon theÌ„ with his Numidians ElephaÌ„ts and made great slaughter so as there were killed lxx M. wyth them of the countrey 10000 taken and 4000. fied TheÌ„ was the Citie of Nepheris taken in xxij dayes with great difficultie for the winter and the moyst place this feate did chiefly cause the destruction of Carthage For this army sent them victuals by this campe the Libyans were the bolder to come abrode but when it was taken the other places of Libya yéelded to Scipios Captaines without any businesse and victuall was
to the floud Hister The greatnesse of it reacheth from Macedonia and the mountaines of Thracia to Paeonia and the Alpes thrée days iourney The length of it is muche greater by thrée partes as the Grecians thinke The Romaynes measuring the ground thinke it is sixe thousand furlongs in length and a thousand two hundereth in breadth And they affirme that countrey to haue the name and beginning of Illyria sonne to Polyphemus For Polyphemus had by Galatia Celtes Illyrius and Gallus And that they came out of Sicelie and gaue name to the Celtians Illyrians and Galatians And this I like well of the opinions that haue bene taught hereof Then they saye that Illyrius had these folowing Achilles Autarius Dardanus Medus TaulaÌ„tius Perrhebus and these daughters Partha Daorta and Dasera with others of the which came the TaulaÌ„tians Perrhebians Achilleians AutaricaÌ„s Dardauans Parthenians Dasaretians and Darsians Autarius had Pannonius or Paeonius and Scordiscus Paeonius had Tribalus of the which these natioÌ„s haue their names And these be the antient beginnings of the great countrey of Illyria in the whiche were the Scordiscians and Triballians of so greate possession as they fought so long togither till the Triballians that were lefte fled to the Celtes beyond Hister This nation was thought mightye tyll the time of Philippe and Alexander and now so destroyed as it hath no man left and the Scordiscians become to noughte also for they being ouercome by the Romaines came at leÌ„gth to dwel in the Ilands of Hister And in continuaunce of tyme some of them went abroade again and inuaded the vttermost part of Paeonia wherfore the Scordiscians be now amoÌ„g the Paeonians Likewise the Ardeians when they had inuaded the beste parte of the Autarians groundes nexte the coaste they beyng seamen they droue them away After them the Liburnians had the name to be good with their shippes another nation of Illyria robbing Ionium and the Ilandes with their swifte shippes Wherefore the Romaynes call the shippes of spéede Liburnians There is a saying that the AutariaÌ„s came to vtter destruction by the wrath of Apollo For they and the Celtians wyth the Cymbrians did encampe at Delphos and by and by all were dispearsed and fledde and many of them before the fight being stroken with raine tempest and lightning and when they that wer left came home they fouÌ„d such a corruptioÌ„ made by frogs in their waters that they all perished The vapor of the whiche so infected the Countrey of Illyria as the Autarians being most plagued with it fled and bycause no man durst receyue them they went on .xxij. dayes togither comming to a Fennie grounde vnhabited and buylded a Citty next to Basternia They saye also that Apollo dyd destroy the Celtians and theyr Cities did not ende the plague before they fled and left theyr houses and came into Illyria that had offered with them whoÌ„ being weâ—ke for sickenesse they soone ouer-came and by handling of their things toke the infection and fledde to Pirene And when they moued toward the east the Romanes being afraid of them with whom they had once foughte an excéeding battayle sente the Consuls against them least they shoulde passe the Alpes and come into Italy And the Romaines hauing the losse of all their armye the name of the Celtians stroke al Italy with feare till they chose Marius their generall which before had ouercame the Libyans Nuâ—â—dians and Marusians very valiauntly and ouerthrow the Celtians and did them many tymes destroy as I haue shewed in the booke of Celtian And this end had the Celtians and Illyrians for their wickednesse yet they did not withholde their wicked handes from holy things but the Scordiscians Medans and DardanaÌ„s ranne ouer Grecia and Macedonia and spoyled temples and once againe besieged Delphos losing many of their men being then slaine two and thirtie yeare after the warre betwéene the Romanes and the Celtians who for their late sacrileage made them warre L. Scipio beyng Captaine then being Lordes of Macedonia and Grecia An they saye their neyghboures that were their felowes in this wickednesse then not ayding them left them to Scipio remembring the plague of the Autarians whiche were vtterlye destroyed through all Illyria And that Scipio did ouerthrowe all the Scordiscians and they that could escape wente to Danubiâ— and the Ilands thereof and that he being corrupted with a couenaunt of holy gold made league with the Medans and Dardanans by the which as many Italians do shew in their wrytings the state of Rome was stroken with ciuil discorde vntill it came to the rule of one These things of Illyria founde among the Grecians I haue writteÌ„ at large The Romanes cal not only these Illyrians but also the Paeonians beyonde them the Rhetians the Noricians and Misians that dwel in Europe and al other nigh that inhabite the right hand of Hister by a common name although they do separate the Hillirians from the Grecians and call euery of them by their proper names Being ledde wyth this opinion at the first they chaunged afterward and would haue the ende of Illyria at the beginning of Hister to the sea of Pontus whiche is tributarie vnto them Howe the Romanes brought them to obedience wheÌ„ we wrote of the Celtians we shewed that we did not well learne neyther the beginnings nor occasions of the warres And therefore we haue exhorted them to write that haue more vnderstanding of the matters of Illyria But as much as we knowe we wil declare it Agron was king of a part of Illyria y is at the coast of Ionia which Pyrrus king of Epirus and such as came of him had sometyme And he taking parte of Epirus and Corcyra beyond that EpidaÌ„nus and Pharus as a kéeper held them styl When he sailed the rest of the Ionian sea an Isle called Essus did reuolte to the Romanes and sent their Embassadoure to them to declare what wrong Agron had done them The Illyrians sayling againe to theÌ„ killed Calemporus the Embassador of Essus and with them Coruncaenius the Romane as some say For this cause the Romanes inuaded Illyria both by sea and land Agron dyed leauing an infant behinde hym called Pine. He lefte the gouernement of the countrey to his wife that she might bring vppe the childe althoughe shée was not hys mother Demetrius that had Pharus belonging to Agrons dominion and after getting Gorâ—â—â— betrayed both to the Romanes They made amitie with the Epidamâ—ans and sent an armye to helpe them againste the Illyrians that besieged them wherfore the Illyrians raised their siege and some of them called Atintani yéelded to the Romanes The wife of Agron sent Embassadours to Rome deliuering the prisoners and captiues requiring pardon for that was not done of hir but of Agron The Romanes saide that Corâ—u Pharo Essio and Epidamno and the Illyrians that be called Atintani were of their iurisdiction
Massinissa falleth out vvith the Carthagies Partialitie of the Romaines Factions in Carthage Celtiberia is that part of Spaine vvhich novve they cal Aragon â—oâ—â—â—rch vvas an office of the state hyest as appeareth in Plutarch The Romaines partial To hold vp hands in the greeke phrase is to decide and determine Tysca a country of â—iâ—tie Cities Cato Arbiter Cato against Carthage Scipio contrary to Cato Tumult in Carthage Tvvo sonnes of Massinissa sent to Carthage Amilchar Sa 〈…〉 Oroscopia Captaines of Massinissa â—euolte to the enimies Scipio the yoÌ„ger The age streÌ„gth and valtantnesse of Massinissa Numidians of long life Scipio beholdeth the fightâ— betvvene the Carthagies and Massinissa Idâ— an hill in Troade Scipio is made â—mper betvvixâ— Massinissa and the Carthogies Partialitie of the Romaines Priuie instructions giuen the ambassadours Famine in the Carthagies camp The Carthegies yelde to Massinissa The Carthagies flaine The third vvar vvith Carthage Asdrubal is condemned Boetharch vvas a chiefe office in Thebes and Baeotia Ambassadours from Carthage to Rome The doubtful dealing of the Senate vvith the Carthagies Vtica is giuen to the Romanes The third vvas vvith Carthage is determined VVat made vvithout proclamation The Senate sayeth one thing and meaneth another â—â—ident deuble dealing of the Romanes The Romaynes â—riâ—â— at Vtica Firbaâ—â—â— loâ—â—es of Carthaâ—â—â—â—â— the Conâ—â—â—s at Vtica Aduersitie Mutation of Fortune â–ª Auntient Romanes kept coue nauntes Othe in league Emporiâ— â–ª Decree if pledges vvere deliuered The Romane Consull to the Carthaginians The Carthagit nians deliuer the â— armâ—ure The Carthaginians are commaÌ„ded to forsake the Citie So â—aine pasion 〈◊〉 Gylla to the 〈◊〉 Phâ—â—â—ppâ—s 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Misery cause of muche speaâ—â—â—â— Misery Reuengement belongeth to God. The Romane Consull to the Carthaginians Sea occasion of offence Sicilie Spaine Sea like Marchauntes Athenienses â—ost al by couering too much by sea Gaine vppon â—â—nd lesse but more sure A Citie in the sea like a shippe The great Monarchies on the lande Forgetfulnesse remedie against miserye Carthagâ—â—â—â—ns conâ—e of Tyrus Alba. Sea men Men be the cittie and not houses Carthagâ—eâ— speak against â—roâ—â—le in Carthâ—gâ— at the sight â—t the Ambassadours Fury of the Carthagies â–ª The feâ—stes of â—â—cchâ—â— be â—hevved by tunes for the dronken sort do differ little from mad folke The â—age of the people of Carthage Carthage determined to stand to deâ—fence The Carthagies are denied to send to Rome The mâ—â—uâ—â—ous diligence of the Carthagies Of euils the lesser Massinissae offended Massinissa offended vvith the Romaines The discription of Carthage One vveake place The admirals port The Consuls against Carthage by sea and land Imileo Cesorinus Ioseth men The Romaines haue three repulses The Carthagies burn part of the Romanes engines Scipio shevveth his vvisedome being an inferiour officer in the campe In this place is a vvant of text The Carthagies burne part of the Romanes nauy Phameas The circumspection of Scipio Enuie against Scipio Scipio iust of promise The progenie of Scipio Nepheris Scipios Counsel is reâ—ected The Romanes are ouerthroven by Asdruball Scipio saueth the Consul and his army Counsell before doyng Scipio saueth 4. bands that vver in daunger OpinioÌ„ of Gods vvorking in Scipio Griefe for â—â—â— vnburied souldioures Tribunes vvere rings of golde the other of yâ—on A general good reporte of Scipio Massinissa maketh Scipio hys executor Massinissa dyeth A fortunate maÌ„ Cyrene novve Corene conrayning the prouince of fyue Citties Massinissa of 900. yeares of age had a childe of foure yeares olde The order that Scipio tooke vpon Massinissas children Micipsa Gelossa and Mastaâ—abâ— The talke betvvene Scipio Pharmeas A nevve â—oddâ— of Manlius to Nepheris â–ª A letter to Scipio Phameas yeeldeth to Scipio Phameas to hys Capâ—taynes Hanno the vvhite The great dungeon Scipio and Phameas to Rome The peoples opinion of Scipio 〈…〉 â–ª Hypozareta This citie of Hâ—pâ—â— vâ—â—â— builded of the horsemen and vvas the Country of S. Aâ—â—stâ—â— Another Hâ—â—po vvas builded in the Fenne and called therfore Dâ—lâ—tus builded also by the horsmen They burne the Consullâ— munition Bythiâ—â— reuolteth to the Carthaginiâ—ns The Carthaginians procure friendeâ— The lustinesse of the Carthaginians Asdrubal vvithout accuseth Asdrubal vvithin Asdrubal vvithin is killed Edises had rule of houses and prouision Aucthoritie of people Scipio is chosen Consull before his tyme and the Lavve broken for oâ—â— yeare by example of the â—acedemonians Pylus a cittie or tvvo iâ— Pelopeâ—â—so Scipio is appointed to Libya by the people Piso attempteth the vvall Mancinus giueth a rashe attempt Mancinus in danger Scipio at his arriuall doth a seate Mancinus is â—â—â—â— and beaten Scipio saueth Mansinus Serâ—nâ—â— Asdrubal Bythias Lavv of â—â—mâ—â— The exhortatioÌ„ of Scipio to the souldiours that vvere out of order Exampleâ— good lesson Megara one of the strong places of Cartbage Scipio gaynerh a Tovver Great alteratioÌ„ in Carthogâ— The crueltie of Asdrubal Crueltie oute of time The Carthaginiâ—ns fles into Byrsa VVorkes of Scipio The great treÌ„ch that Scipio madâ— Straightnesse of victuall in Carthage The only vvay to victuall Carthage Asdrubal feedeth his souldioures Scipio stoppeth the part of Carthage The Carthagies make a nevve port and nevv shippes Carthagies come forth vvith a nevv nauy and lose their occasion Fate vnresistable The fight on the sea by the Carthagies Carthagies giue place and confounde themselues A feate of the Sidents The Carthagies run vpoÌ„ the Romanes munition vvith desperatnesse Feare in the Romanes Campe. Scipio is forced to kil his ovvne solliors to kepe them sroÌ„ flying The Carthagies trenche gotten Scipio end miageth the Carthaginians by lande The asiaulte at â—â—pheris Nepheris takâ—â— vvith a greaâ— slaughter Victual kept â—â—â— Carthage Agatho one of the port of Carthage Laelius assault Three streeteâ— to Byrsa The miserable murder The attempt against Byrsa Grieuous fight Scipios pain and abstinence Aesculapius temple Carthagies aske pardon and. 50 thousand goe out of Byrsa Renavvayes of Rome Asdrubal flyeth to Scipio The fugitiues set themselues on fire The death of Asdrubals vvife Scipio vvrepeth at the sight of Carthage ouerchrovvne Mutations of states in the vvorlde The vvordes of Scipio Polibius vvas schoolemaister â—â— Scipio borne in Arcadia Scipio giueth the spoile to the soldioures Scipio giueth nâ—o giftes to them that spoiled Appollo The goodnesse of Scipio The Romane make feastes of the report of the nevves Remembraunce of former vvar in Rome Supplications made at Rome Ten men sent into Libya The inhabitaÌ„ce of Carthage forbidden Puniâ—hments Revvardes 〈…〉 triâ—pheth Pseudophilippus Andrsâ—uâ— counterfaited to hee Philippeâ— sonne King of Macedonie Mummius vvas Corinth C. Gracchus vvas brother to Semproâ—us Gracchus The plaâ— of the habitation at Carthage is confounded A vision that Caesar had caused a nevve citie to be made not faâ—re from the olde by his successoâ— Octauius The Author calleth Augustus Iulius Caesar Partâ—â—â— a Region of Assyria the inhabitaunce of the vvhich came out of Syria Gabinius is banished for making vvarâ—e vppon Aegipt Crassus Bibulus Saxa Caesar â–ª Pompey â–ª Crassus Proâ—nces by lotte Pompey