towards the King 28 left in Norimberg 57 Comes to orders the wars after the Battell of Lutzen His Commission of Ambassador to the Armies 178 P. PAppenheim comes towards Walstein 73 110 Sent towards Hall 112 Recalled 114 Slaine 143 His Testament 143 Partees sent out from Norimberg Leaguer 50 c. Peace some overtures made of it 27 28 Piccolomini his valour in the Battell of Lutzen 144 162 Sees the King of Sweden dying 140 vastly rewarded by Walenstein 158 Provisions for Walsteins Army 11. R. RAin in Bavaria taken by Monte-Cuculi 60 recovered by the King 62 Reasons for the Kings Encamping before Norimberg 3 for his Rising from Norimberg 55 of Walenstein for not fighting 78 for rising from Norimberg 79 for spoiling Voitland 91 given by Pappenheim to Walenstein to have him take Erfurt 110 Reasons debated whither the King should fight or not 120 Retreat of the King from Altemberg Castle the order of it 47 S. SAxon-Lawenburg His speech the night before the Battell 122 The wounded Kings speech to him 136 Forsakes the King and shifts himselfe out of the Battell 137 made a Felt-Marshall 138 Saxons cut off Holcks bridge 101 Schweinfurt jealous of Walstein 84 delivered by Duke Bernard 85 September 7th kept Holiday 57 Sparre Colonell defeated 21 propounds a Peace 28 set at libertie 48 Speech of the Kings to those of Erfurt 72 To those of Naumburg 74 To Stolhansh in the Battell 134 Stolhanshe his service in the fight August 24. 43 The Kings speech to him in the Battell of Lutzen 134 He brought off the Kings Body 141 Stratageme of Kniphausens 67 T. TOrgau Walensteins designe upon it diverted 109 The Elector of Saxony and Duke of Lunenburg conjoyn'd at it 121 Tombs of Dukes of Saxony in danger to be rifled redeemed 100 redeemed againe 102 V. VIctory of Lutzen published 152 W. WAlenstein joynes with Bavaria and comes against the King 2 vowes to burne Norimberg 3 His and Bavaria's Forces 7 His great Officers 8 His great Leaguer described 8 His diseases and Authoritie in his Army 10 His severity and bounty 11 His good parts 11 His Discipline and orders for his Army 11 His purpose in besieging the King 12 His first attempts upon the Countrey 13 14 Courts the King of Sweden 16 The Emperour well pleased with him 27 His Trenches set upon 38 Walenstein his Horse said to bee shot under him 49 said to be in danger of taking 50 Rises from Norimberg 79 devides his Army 82 His way and numbers ibid. Parts with Bavaria 83 Takes townes in Franconia 85 Put off from Culmbach 85 and from Coburg Castle 86 His purpose for marching thorow Duringen diverted 89 Falls into Voitland 90 Encamps at Weida 91 Summons Leipsich 103 takes the towne 106 and the Castle 107 Takes Weissenfels Mersburg 108 diverted from Torgau 109 calles his Army together 110 Opens a gapp for the King to march thorow him 113 Prepares for the Battell 114 Goes to Lutzen 121 Toucht with a Bullet in the Battell 162 Gives over the Field 150 flyes into Bohemia 155 c Examples of his vast bounty 158 and Martiall Discipline 159 The State he keeps 159 Walenstein the younger slaine at Lutzen 154 William of Saxon-Weymar his actions about the Bodensee 30 Takes on the English 30 Goes to joyne with Oxenstiern 31 His Forces 31 Winckle Colonel wounded in the Battell of Lutzen 144 Wippenhorst Colonell sent out by the King 18 Z. ZWicka taken by Holck 93 Recovered by the Swedes 176 FINIS An Elegie on the King of Sweden VVHat sadd newes doth the curious strive to heare So sad he cannot safely live and feare I see in every eye a terror strooke A griefe too great for credit since we looke On Kings as if they were not clay and dust Vaine hopes in whom alone men vainely trust Say if at once the great Gustavus dy'd In fight such as would adde to Caesar pride A death Triumphant at whose spreading fall The Empire groan'd as if t' expired withall See how the cunning foes securely barke Venting their malice from truth-hating darke Reade their State-faces for their hearts none can But he who measures Heaven with a span Observe their ioy for such a barbarous thing As ioy for losse of a most manly King What did you feare day-Owles he would un-Crowne Your Triple-head or breake your Idols downe He sure had done it but that God did see It was not much to doe by such as he He saw we onely lookt upon his sword And forgate him who conqueres by a word Since then so much on miracles you stand God can raise up some weake and feebler hand Flyes Vermine Frogges such as did Pharaoh fright A Lance of Bulrush and a Lambe to fight God sure will doe it and his blood exact At their foule soules that ioy in such a fact It is a souldiers trade and pride to kill He may more safely doe then you wish ill Then doe not triumph on a Lyon dead Whom living all your men at armes did dread Starting aside as doe the fearefull brood From his sterne eye that rules the gloomy wood O thou wilt be long liv'd in Austrians feare When thy great name shall strike their Nephewes eare Yet let vs mourne thy losse to all but thee Who now art mixed with eternity So was he borne as he the heire had beene Of skilfull warre and victory his twinne So didst thou show thy day and close thy Eeven As some new Planet had appear'd in Heaven Predominant on Hills and Vales and Woods Vnaccest Marshes and resisting Flouds Witnesse thy swift march on the various soyle Of German ' pased rather with power then toyle So art thou come and gone as thou wert sent To show what God can doe not what he meant For hadst thou liu'd one yeere above that day Vien had beene thy seate and Rome thy prey But it was time to dye least men had said He was not mortall untill he were dead And now he lives againe so full of glory His deeds resist the credit of his Story Vpon the glorious King of Sweden SEeke not sadd Reader here to find Entomb'd the Throne of such a mind As did the brave Gustavus fill Whom neither time nor death can kill Goe and read all the Caesars Acts The Rage of Scythian Cataracts What Epire Greece and Rome hath done What Trophees Gothes and Vandals wonne Reade all the worlds Heroick Story And learne but halfe this Heroes glory These conquered living but life flying Reviv'd their foes He conquer'd dying And Mars hath offered as he falls An Hecatomb of Generals The great Comparer could not tell Whence to draw out his Paralell Then doe not hope to know him here For whom earth was a narrow Sphere Nor by a search in this small narrow roome To find a King so farre above a Tombe Vpon the King of BOHEMIA STay Reader it is vaine to fly Deaths universall Monarchy Mankind hath no repose but one A bed of
to have adventured over he with all hast tooke the rout at it leaving 2 peeces behind him August 2 at night and overthrows Schaffgotzi Arnheim passes the bridge sending Dhan and Enhusen with 450. Horse to fetch up and entertain the Imperialists whilst himselfe should be comne up to second him There were 1200 Imperialists said to be slaine the rest put to flight and Eckstadt with many officers taken This was in the way betwixt the Oder and Namstaw towne 13 miles from the Oder Hence did Schaffgotzi retire to Kolischen and his men to their fellowes about Opelen Arnheim had now his way open unto Brieg the Duke whereof is a Calvinist and elder brother unto the Duke of Lignitz To him does Arnheim propound the example of his brother Accords with the Duke of Brieg which after a while the Duke followes His towne is upon the Southerne banck of the Oder 24 English miles to the South East of Breslaw and his conditions were to take an oath to the King of Sweden and to the 2 Electors of Saxe and Brandenburg Arnheim pursuing his fortune brings the countrey as he goes under contribution fetches in the 2 fayre townes of Grotka and Monsterberg South of Brieg and September 18. takes Niesse 24 miles to the South of the Oder Thence goes he over the Oder at Brieg and comes upon that part of the Imperiall Armie then assembled at Opelen upon the North of the Oder From thence he ferrets them to the other side of the river againe Driues the Imperialists over the Oder baâ—k againe even to the townes of Troppa and Iegersdorff upon the frontiers of Moravia Heither in October was he to have marched a panick feare now every where possessing the Imperialists but at this instant did Walstein make such foule work in Misnia and is recalled into Misnia that the Elector was faine to send for his Arnheim home againe And there he staid with his Master till after the Battell of Lutzen Dubalt is all this time in treatie with Breslaw a towne worthy to be waited upon In the meane time his people lose no oportunitie in taking the townes about the Countrey Towards the end of September a Ritmaster of his with 8 Horsemen onely in his Company gets by a wile into the Baron of Donaw's very strong Castle of Wartenburg Dubalts men surprise Wartenburg who being in found meanes and oportunitie to let in their fellowes October the third did Breslaw accord with Dubalt yeelding to maintaine those 600 Foot and 1000 Horsemen which he already had about the Cathedrall This Church is it seemes in the Suburbs and there had Dubalts men beene enquartered all the last moneth having fortifyed it and themselves round about it Dubalt would gladly have put 2 Companies into the towne but of that the Citizens excused themselves as having entertained no strange garrison and he brings Breslaw to accord with him these 300 yeares The getting of this faire towne was a great worke and done handsomely And now did Dubalt dispose his people into their winter-quarters in the villages round about it so that what was done after this were but slighter rencounters and by Commanded Partees And thus have the Saxons with helpe of the Swedes and Brandenburgers Putting his Army after that into their Winter Quarters made the reckoning in Silesia to pay the last yeares shot in Bohemia And so leave I the warres in those parts in a most prosperous condition for the Saxe and Swedish God send peace every where which were wee at home enough sensible of the blessing of we would in thankefulnesse acknowledge it to be more glorious then Victorie and the most happy subject in the world for a noble History And to this place for a conclusion have I reserved the Character of his Majestie the King of Bohemia and that because I have mentioned his death page 76. of this Fourth Part which was November the 19. and for that I was ambitions to finish this Part as I did the former and to crowne it with a King THE CHARACTER of the King of BOHEMIA LEast our latter ages should want examples what God can doe to great men or how hee sometimes exercises good men was this Prince set up even Hee the greatest of the best Religion of all Germany The life of this good Prince was a strangely counterchanged mixture of fortunes a Tablet of divers countenances His entry into the Electorate was glorious his beginnings happy his vertues respectfull and such as deservedly attracted all the eyes courtship of Germany upon him The great allyances which he had contracted his high parentage his mighty Supportments both within Germany and without it the considerable eminency of his House his Estate and the body of confederates principally depending upon his directions together with the hopefulnesse that other Princes and Peoples mo had of him these were the faire eminencies that differenced him from other Princes and these were the procurers of his election to the Crowne of Bohemia An election indeed banefull for the time to his person and House yea and to the whole repose of Germany all which ever since that time hath felt the dire effects of the lately-preceding Comet as having beene deepely imbroyl'd in an universall warre which hath over-run not the better part alone but al the 4. corners of it A warre that hath for these 14. long yeares continued with such stomack fulnesse on both sides and beene infamed with the ravages overturnings of so great a part of the Estates and Provinces of the Empire as are like to carry the markes and scarres of it yet for a many ages And notwithstanding that this Prince both by himselfe and the potentest of his Friends hath left no honorable meanes unattempted for the quenching of this Skarre-fire yet hath he found such obstinate and fatal oppositions from time to time such rigide stiffenesses in the contrary party yea such a counter-bandings from day to day and those encreased too upon the fortunatenesse of their good successes that all the mediations of the greatest Kings have been rejected and the Prince himselfe bandited for these many yeares yea and dispoiled of his possessions And yet againe when he saw himself just ready to take Seisin againe of his own countrey and to bid farewell to his afflictions even then just then found he his hower-glasse runne out and his period concluded upon The calamity of this Prince hath beene taken up for a Theme by a many licentious tongues and unlicensed pennes to declaime against him they grounding themselves upon the successe and bad condition of his affayres to make judgement of his managing theÌ„ taking leave most outragiously to detract from him with an unmanerly and ful-mouthd liberty Those that neereliest before knew him confesse him indeed to have beene unfortunate but could not devise which way he came to deserve it yea they beleeve withall that there is not a spirit to be found how well
not with a servile celerity and Bounty He is a bountifull-handed man where he finds deseruing and these two things Rewards and Punishments and enough of both are the Secrets of his Discipline these are the chiefe lawes that kept his Campe in exceeding good order all the time of this Leaguer and himselfe well beloued of his souldiers There was no great good heartinesse of affection some will say betwixt the 2. Dukes and if Bavaria at any time interposed his counsell Walenstein would take no more of it then should serue his turne good aduice perchance being now and then discountenanced for the Giver The Campe being fortified the Generalissimo gave this generall order unto his souldiers that they should make more use of their trenches then of their weapons That they should not but with speciall leaue goe out upon commanded Partees and that very strongly That they should not but upon command straggle abroad after forrage or adventures but continue to make good the Posts they were commanded to till they were relieved That they should for the most part containe themselues upon the defensive within their Quarters and when they were in commanded Partees sent abroad they should then hinder the Swedes from getting forrage He had taken a very excellent order for the victualling of his Army for sure the Duke of Fridlands Master-piece is to be a good Provisioner His provisions for his Army what and he hath a singular good Catering-wit of his owne Aboue all had he taken good care for his Provant-breade which is halfe the standing diet of a souldier and they will doe well enough where bread is good and plentifull That which most incommodated him was That navigable river he had none for the seruice of his Leaguer The river Rednitz though it ranne from his Campe into the Bishopricke of Bamberg a friends countrey yet it being both narrow and shallow and against the streame too whence and how fetched it was no way capable of any great carriages His trust for the bringing of his victualls therefore must be by Convoyes over land which were farre more casuall and more chargeable He had laid all the countrey for provisions Divers troopes of his Cavallery were sent unto all the next greater townes and Passages then at his devotion which were there to hold their Quarters As to Cronach namely and Forcheim in the Bishopricke of Bamberg Willsburg Castle and Weissenburg an Imperiall towne by it in the Bishopricke of Aichstet Some of his Forces had beene left beyond Norimberg in the Vpper Palatinate to secure that and Bohemia and others were already advanced beyond it to the townes upon the river Aisch in Franconia The Crabats roaved up and downe from Forcheim almost unto Wurtsburg yea he had made sure worke of it euen as farre as the towne of Regenspurg in Bavaria and had blockt up all the chiefe Posts and Passes betwixt these townes and Norimberg From all these and from Regenspurg especially whether it was sent him along the Danuby from Vienna was his Campe served with provisions and the Kings Leaguer thereby cut off from all necessaries Every day were strong commanded Horse-Partees sent abroad to lye upon severall Posts and Passages of advantage to intercept the Kings Foragers This was commonly the Crabats businesse who lay up and downe 4. 6. 8. or 10. miles from the Kings Leaguer With these had the Swedish Partees their most encounters but for brevities sake I must not insist upon every skirmish All this was done by Walenstein with Iudgement and like a Generall and this was all the force he used to constreine the King to dislodge from before Norimberg and to abandon it up to his mercy Walensteins purpose in encamping by the King Other force he attempted none He saw the Kings Works and Retrenchments to be made so strong that it would prooue a desperate peece of seruice for whosoeuer should undertake to assault them And Walenstein boldly gaue it out That it sorted not with the Service of His Imperiall Majestie to haue the new Army hazarded upon a Battell or Invasion That there had beene too much attempted that way before and That he would show the King of Sweden another kinde of Warre-faring And thus much indeed was by some prisoners of great note confessed unto the King afterwards namely that the Imperiall Generalissimo had this plot upon him To draw the Warre out into a length and to awayte the favour of opportunitie hoping at last to serve himselfe so well upon the Kings necessities that either they should so constreine him or his friends so perswade with him that he should if not offer yet not deny to hearken unto a good Treaty This if it tooke well then should the advantage in the conclusion of the Peace make him a faire saver for his patience preserve Him a gallant Army to be otherwhere employed for His Imperiall Majesty and gaine finally a most ample reputation unto the name of Walenstein as one that had onely knowne how to handle the King of Sweden This was Walensteins Rest up and he was resolved to act no part but of Fabius hee had the King in a coope or in a toyle already and there for a while hee meant to keepe him and Norimberg Something indeed his Army did at their very first comming into those Quarters Walensteins first attempts but they were not any attempts upon the Kings Trenches but some outrydings and Cavalcadoes onely upon the Iewes of Furt and Burgers of Farenbach whom his men plundered Some other foraging voyages they also made upon the Boores barnes and houses in the smaller townes of the neighbour Marquisate of Onspach commonly called The Lower Marquisate and into the Iurisdiction of the Norimbergers upon the countrey abroad The poore towne of Swabach 8 or 9 English miles from Norimberg now falling into the Lordly displeasure of the Generalissimo for that it had slaine 50 of his men in the taking of it was by him destinated unto an universall destruction The execution was stayed by the Duke of Bavaria's intercession which was granted as the first motion he had made to him and the punishment commuted to a ransome as a surety for which moneyes the chiefe Magistrate was carryed away prisoner Divers able troopes were by our Generalissimo at his very first setting downe dispatched further into the Marquisate of Onspach and the Dukedome of Franconia Neere Onspach was the Towne and Castle of Liechtenaw within the Iurisdiction of the Norimbergers pressed but not taken yet by the Walsteiners Three of their Regiments attempted an Aenslaught upon the Imperiall Citie of Winshaim upon the river Aisch 30 English miles to the West of Norimberg and 24 to the Northwest of Onspach But this designe of theirs being discovered and defeated by the Swedish garrison and the Burgers the Imperialists gate a shrewd brush here left many of their fellowes behind them and carryed off the best part of 1000 more wounded with them into
Swabach They rambled up and downe as farre as Vffenhaim also eight miles more to the Westward Kitzingen and Swinfort both were in some dread of them but that the river Mayn was a good Barricadoe betwixt them and the present danger All that countrey likewise which you see bounded with that mightie compasse of the river Mayne to the Northward even from Bamberg unto this Kitzingen was daily ouer-run and brought under contribution by their Horse-Partees On the Northern side of the Mayne also those Crabats that had their Quarters in and about Bamberg did at pleasure roave up and downe the countrey euen unto the very walles of Wurtsburg Due South of Norimberg moreover even as farre as the Bishopricke of Aichstet for above 30 English miles together was all at their devotion and did daily furnish the Imperiall Leaguer with provisions The Crabats who are the ranke-ryders and common harryers of the Imperiall Army had by this time plundered Hippolstein a pretty Towne betwixt Norimberg and Aichstet Having lodged there a-while they set it on fire at parting barbarously enough laughing at the poore mens miseries That they never used to pay their Hosts in other money The Townes of Carelsberg and Rostall on the West of Norimberg were also so served None faring so well as those that worst used them and that had the courage to let flye their Ordnance amongst them And thus farre was our Generalissimo absolute Master of the Field excepting those good Townes onely which had Swedish garrisons in them All this was done by the middle of Iuly 1632. and now turne wee backe againe unto Norimberg We told you before of the good order taken by Walenstein for the victualing of his Army which for all his care must be contented with the entertainment of the Warres and with many an Italian dinner The Generalissimo's ordinary dyet was sixe dishes a meale and two bottles of wine to it as long as it lasted The Kings table perchance was nothing better serv'd as relying wholly upon the Magazine of Norimberg Hence as I find it from severall hands assured was his Campe furnished with 8000 pound of bread 80000 some name daily The Norimbergers wanted Milles rather then come which the enemy had burnt downe Both parties were faine to Steward their provisions as thriftily as they could Walenstein that he might haue enough to starve the King withall and the King to be able to hold out till his sureties those other Armies which he had now sent for should be comne up to baile him That which most necessitated both the Armies was want of straw and Horse-meate for which whiles both sides sent out a foraging there fell out many a shrewd bickering betweene them one side carrying away oftentimes what the others had before mowed Walenstein kept his Army all this while under very good discipline nor durst he leave them any more at large unto the libertie of that former licentiousnesse which in other Warres they had beene let loose unto He very well knew how neere he now was unto a King of Sweden who still as any of the Imperialists durst venture abroad a Boot-haling had ever some Partee or other upon the the powles of them And in the same manner were the Swedes also served both sides taking their turnes according to advantage The first Warre that Walenstein now made with the King was a contention of courtesie for the man certainly is a gallant spirited personage and full of noblenesse Hee first of all and without ransome sent him home his well esteemed Colonell Dubatell whom as in the latter end of our Second Part we told you he had lately taken prisoner about Newmarckt With him sent he the King this complement That he had no other ambition Walenstein courts the King of Sweden then once to see his Majesty in good termes with the Emperour his Master and himselfe to have the honour to be the Instrument of it About a three weekes after the same courtesie did he againe unto Ritmaister Reyschel whom as he was seeking his adventure abroad the Crabats had taken prisoner His ransome did Walenstein first pay unto the takers and then entertaining him in faire manner at his owne Table franke and free sent him home after dinner with this message onely unto the King his Master That he esteemed his Majesty for the best Captaine of the World and that he would abundantly rest himselfe contented if he could not by force vanquish him yet that he might be the meanes to bring him to a good Treaty with the Emperour This being told the King as he after sate at table Hee smiling said That hee was ready to doe Walstein reason at all times The Kings answer and for that he show'd himselfe so honest a man He had no cause to wish his Person any ill the thing that he above all desired being that they two might have a crash together upon a faire campagnia Walenstein sends succour into Bavaria The Imperiall Generalissimo purposing to contract himselfe into his great Leaguer sends out first of all some of his Forces into other Countryes Some Bavarians and I have heard that there were 1â—000 of them though I beleeue not so many were sent backe into their owne Dukedome and Holck into Misnia About the 20th of Iuly was Holck Generall-Major of the Horse sent with 6000 Horse and 4000 Muskettiers towards the Duke of Saxonyes countrey His sending out of these Forces was first to giue the rest more roome at home who else should have layne more pent and pestered in their Quarters Secondly to ease himselfe of the charges of pay and victuals they abroad and why being to live as they could upon the Countrey His sending out of the Bavarians was to hinder Baniers ioyning with the King Cratz with them first way-laying him about Weissenburg and then afterwards with the helpe of Leopolds forces recovering Landsperg Schonga Fuessen and Munchen in Bavaria As for Holck he also was sent to hinder the ioyning of Duke William of Saxon-Weymar with the King and if he should come too late for that purpose then was he to fall into the Duke of Saxons Voitland and Misnia where after Duke Williams comming away he should find the lesse resistance Said it is Bavaria moues Walenstein to beate the Kings Quarter that the Duke of Bavaria should now be earnest with the Generalissimo to give on upon the King in his trenches and to venture the beating of him out before his reliefes should be comne up to him To this motion the same Relation makes Walenstein returne this answer That his Army was new as yet and if they should be beaten then were all Germany and Italy were endangered Walensteins answer but if Bavaria please to fall on first he would second him with all his forces About the end of Iuly did the Duke of Bavaria send an Expresse vnto the Count of Pappenheim to invite him rather to come with his forces from
lusty They were 12. Brigades of Foote besides commanded Muskettiers but of the Horse I have no certaintie The Imperialists hauing here broken downe the bridge the King causeth it to be repaired over which August the 20. in the euening the Army marched entrenching the same night before Bruck Now were 3. Regiments sent over to take up the passage at Furt which were the English the Blue and the Greene Regiments who there entrenching themselues Major-Generall Kniphausen came to commaund over them A solemne day of praier being had in the Swedish Leaguer for the happy ioyning and good successe of the Armies the King quitting his Trenches about Norimberg came the 21. Altogether ioyning with the King before Walensteins Trenches of August to meete the Chancellors Army they likewise advancing to meete him ioyned both Armies together about 12. or one a clocke the selfe same Tuesday All then being drawne up into Battaglia before the enemies Trenches stood there all that day to make a Brave upon him And thus haue I concluded this long digression for bringing up of all the Kings forces to him which if the Readers censure for too long an interuption from the Kings Storie I must in stead of answering craue a faire pardon of them And yet to say something towards a Reason Besides that it had beene pitty to have lost all their Stories I knew not on the sudden how to drop all these Armies out of the cloudes into the Kings Leaguer nor how bluntly and all at once to shoote them in an Engine as farre as Norimberg and therefore have I brought them faire and softly upon their feete all the way out of their severall Stations Now was the King resolued to bring the whole cause to a day of hearing and that as loud as the Cannons could roare it He was now full 36000. men in field though not all then in Battaglia The King of Bohemia by this time well recovered of his Leaguer-sicknesse was in the field with him The fight described August 21. both the Kings being desirous to tempt the enemy out of his Campe into faire Campagnia fully purposed if that offer were refused to set upon him in his Trenches And so might they if they pleased Walenstein would not budge a foote out of his Quarters On the Norimberg side of his Trenches therefore the King casts up three great Batteries and from thence plaid incessantly into Walensteins Quarters he thundering as furiously upon them againe The Swedish Muskettiers going neerer the Trenches were with small shot answered from them againe but neither small nor great shot did much harme upon one another sauing onely that Generall Banier going too neere to view a worke received a Musket bullet in the left arme above the elbow where it was left sticking The next day the King caused some greater peeces of Ordnance to be mounted upon his Batteries some of which shot 21. August 22. pound ball and some 42. Walenstein answering with some that shot 48. These roared upon one another for a great time together but the Kings plainely did little spoile upon the enemies The Walsteiners wisely withdrew themselues out the beate and raking of the Swedish Ordnance which were after the making of 700. shot perceived to doe more execution on the earth and trees then upon the enemies Now was it with perspective glasses to be discerned from off the Kings Batteries that there was scarce a Walsteiner to be seene stirring For this reason the King causeth his Ordnance to be dismounted not willing to smoake away so much powder in squibs nor to doe no more then plowe vp the ground with the grazing of so many bullets of that weight and height meerely shot off at an empty randome Yet one shot let me not omit because the King made it The King as t is written spying in the morning with his perspectiue from one of his Batteries a gallant Cavalier mounted and prancing before his Companies that surely saith the King should be either Walenstein or Altringer and have at him Causing therefore a peece to be traversed and bent full upon him the King tooke his levell and bade giue fire to it Vp into the aire flew the Cavalier horse and man but it proved to be but a Colonell The King having dismounted his owne Cannon and given order to haue the Norimbergers drawne out into the Trenches about the Towne he that day and the next passes the most part of his Army over the river Rednitz a little aboue Furt before named His purpose in it was to possesse himselfe of a certaine hill thereby by advantage whereof hee hoped assuredly either to batter out or beate out the enemy from his Quarters This done the 24. of our August being Saint Bartholomewes day was resolued upon for the generall onset The same 23. of August fell there out a skirmish on the further side of the Rednitz betwixt the Crabats and the Kings people at which whilest amongst other Gentlemen Master William Harvey before named was desirous to be present he was most unfortunately drowned in passing ouer the river A Gentleman he was who might one day haue merited a place in our owne Chronicles for few young Sparkes were there among the Nobility of any Nation either finelier made up more gentilely bred or more completely improued Nor is this more then a moderate Laudative of him for so say they that could iudge him very great therefore is the losse of such a Sonne to his honourable Parents but greater will be the want of such as he to his Native Countrey Walenstein perceiuing the Kings intention he the better to assure his Cannon and Ammunition retired himselfe into the Forest called Altemberg which belongeth unto the Marquesse of Onspach Here could he make use likewise of a certaine old Fortresse which had beene a Lodge or some such like thing in the younger dayes of it Here likewise did he very strongly entrench himselfe and barricadoed up all the wayes by cutting downe the trees round about him The hill was high and very steepe craggie withall and bushie so that it was an impossible thing almost to be taken from an enemy that had any courage to dispute it The Duke of Bavariaes Quarters as it hapned were at that time neerest to the King and the danger and among his men the Canon bullets mostly lighted The great fight August 24. Bartholmew day being comne the worke was begun with Prayers for the happy successe of it So the King of Sweden still used nor thought he himselfe either arm'd or valiant till he had prayed That morning about nine a clocke was there a certaine Footman or Lackey of Altringers brought prisoner to the King who as by pregnant circumstances was afterwards collected had beene purposely exposed by the enemy to be taken prisoner by us This slye fellow very confidently informed the King How that the most part of Walensteins Horse had already forsaken their Quarters and were about to runne
to an enemie to be revenged of the affront-offerers Walenstein hereupon presenting his grosse before the Towne found not the same opposition here which those of Culmbach had before made him The towne being thereupon entred thorowly enough paid downe for the ransome of its owne cowardise and affoorded pay enough unto the souldiers considering their small paines in taking of it Here were many a rich Packe and Bale of merchandise made prize of which having beene sent towards Leipsich Mart by the Merchants of Ausburg He takes the townes of Coburg Norimberg and other places were iust comne into this towne to be sent onwards a night or 2. before that Walenstein came afore it The Dukes Palace within the Towne fell also to the souldiers ransacking which the Duke in the feare of an old man having with too much haste forsaken had there also left his houshold-stuffe with a great part of his treasure And this was done in the very beginning of our October The towne being thus mastered and laying siege to the Castle the Castle is next summoned into which a little before Walensteins comming Dubadell having gotten from out of Schweinfurt he now had the command of it This strong Castle stands upon a Rocke without the towne but yet so neere that it lookes downe into it The noise of the Summons is answered by the thunder of the Cannon which being lowder then the sound of the Trumpet would not let the offered conditions to be hearkned unto Walensteins Ordnance therefore are set to reply upon Dubatells Cannon the Generalissimo having a great desire to take Dubatell the second time and Dubatell being as desirous to let the Generalissimo understand that it was a disadvantage which he had before taken him upon Walenstein with much adoe having shot a breach two some say in the lower part of the Castle wall he about the 3. of October prepares all things to give a generall assault upon it Five hundred souldiers thereupon being commanded into the dry Graff or Moate of the Castle clap to their scaling ladders to storme it A great Ravelin there was which defended the Sally-port of the Castle and that whilest they attacked their fellowes from the townes side with continued vollyes of small and great shot entertained the besieged Dubatell perceiving the intended Scaladoe issues with his Dragooners immediately out of the Castle going downe the hill towards the skalers Having with good diligence also brought downe some new peeces of Ordnance unto a side-Worke which flanckered the Ravelin he so skowers both it and the Moate at the same time that a many of the assailants now already halfe way mounted came fluttering downe headlong into the Moate and their skaling ladders after them is repulsed by Dubatell The Imperiall Colonell that had the point in the assault and ledd them on was there shot thorow the head and dyed in a ditch among his fellowes A young Lord or Cavalier of Walensteins name and kinne I find to have beene here slaine also Some make him to be knockt downe by the Boores of Voitland a little after this but I rather consent to this writing which giues him to be kild here for that I reade his body to be with much solemnity carried from the Campe thorow Zroicka in Voitland to be enterred in his owne Lordship in Bohemia something before that Walenstein was gotten into Voitland But this is no great controversie Our Generalissimo perceiving the Castle to be strong high situated and raiseth his owne siege well provided and the besieged resolved for defence he gave no more on upon it after this one repulse had beene given him But this was not all the reason for the raising of his siege Duke Bernard Weymar was by this time come from Schweinfurt to Konigshoven 17. miles due West of Coburg and was thence marcht to Hilperhausen upon the edge of the Duringer-Waldt within 13. English miles to the North-West of this Coburg And he as Walenstein might suspect though not strong enough to encounter him in the open field yet was hee able enough to disturbe him at a siege And this siege above all the rest for that Duke Bernard is to be heire unto this Towne and Dukedome of Coburg after the decease of * One of these is dead since he namely that was then in possession when his towne was besieged two of his old childlesse Vnckles Now had our Generalissimo a purpose to have advanced further to the Northward and to have pierced thorow by the way of the Duringer-Waldt into Duringen where Pappenheim was to haue ioyned with him But this designe was now defeated by Duke Bernards putting himselfe iust before him By Duke Bernards good service which was a very great piece of service By this meanes was the Castle of Coburg reskeued and the whole little Country of Henneberg in which it is seated Had Walenstein gone forward with his proiect then had Hilperhausen Schleusing Aischfelt Ilmenaw and Arnstat beene taken by him Then had all the Passes thorow the Duringer-Waldt beene blockt up by his people which the King of Sweden must by mayne force haue againe opened before euer he could have comne up to Walenstein Then in the meane time would he and Pappenheim have recovered Erfurt with the townes about it made himselfe master of the whole Landgraviate of Duringen have over-runne the lands of the Ducall and sometimes Electorall Family of Saxon-Weymar Then had he thorow that rich Country beaten out his way into the Elector of Saxonyes Misnia have wintered and enriched his Army in those Countries and beene ready with the first of the next Spring is Walensteins great proiect defeated to have fallen into Lusatia and Silesia Then would he have made himselfe master of the river Elb and so have cut off the King of Swedens retreate home againe Then would Walenstein haue cleered his titulary Dukedome of Mecklenburg and hewen out himselfe a free passage to his old Quarters in Brandenburg and Pomerania and againe possessed himselfe of the banks of the Baltick Ocean And thus handsomely had our Generalissimo contrived it the effecting of which project was worth the abandoning all the lower Saxony by the calling away of Pappenheim out of it and in the highest degree concerned the King of Sweden to make such hast out of Bavaria to prevent it All the former part of this project was now defeated by Duke Bernard the taking namely of the Landtgraviate of Duringen with the Dukedome of Weymar as likewise the conioyning of Pappenheim with his Generalissimo which hee durst not after attempt to doe till he knew that Walenstein was falne by another way into Misnia And thus was the Imperiall Generall enforced not to raise his siege onely from before the Castle of Coburg but to quit likewise his intended march thorow the rich and of late un-plundered Countrey of Thuringia Turning faces about therefore to the right his souldiers burning downe Helberck Neustat and other
into Spandaw in his Brother of Brandenburgs country And thus dyed this great Deliverer which is a higher and a more holy Title then that of Caesar or of Conqueror Thus dyed he with a victory which had he expected but 3. dayes longer he had obtained without a Battell So confident was the enemy that he never durst have attempted them that the Generalissimo had even already given out Orders for the dispersing of his Army to their winter Quarters This is sure for besides that it is intimated in my Spanish Relation the Imperialists themselues freely at Prague confessed it Then had he falne in among them as he thought to have done the 5th of November But he is dead and that as heartily bemoaned of the Germanes to say of no more as of his owne Subiects who yet professe their losse to be unspeakeable And in both their Chronicles shall his sacred memory be made immortall and his Name shall ever live in their mouths glorified Speake we now a little of the distemper in the Imperiall Army When Walenstein first beate his Drummes to retreate to Leipsich he had purposed to have made no more then a faire retreate indeed of it But no sooner did his men heare that signall but they fell to running presently without expecting further order for their Rendez-vous The flight and wonderfull confusion among the Imperialists This fright was so great that the most of them never came in order againe till they recovered into Bohemia yea even there full three weekes after the Battell were there divers multitudes of souldiers and some almost whole Ensignes seene then first enquiring after their fled Colonels who had not yet seen their owne Regiments And this was not onely so with a great many straglers but even amongst those that were neerest about the Generalissimo there was not a Regiment scarcely if at all that marcht or Quartered in any order but straglingly up and downe in Dorps as every man shifted Once did our Countrimen that were carried away among them see 25. Colours of them together but this was in Bohemia and the greatest show that they had till that time seene of them Divers Officers confessed that they had lost 6000. men which others made more nice of and professed to have lost but 4000. Their owne confessions of the Battell And as freely withall did they confesse that had the Swedes but sent off 1000. fresh Horse after them they might have cut all the whole Army to peeces When in their Flight Retreate is now too faire a word for them they came at night to any Quarter their custome was to stay still there till some Swedish Horse were heard of or discovered to pursue them of which though there appeared but a troope of 40. they had order to hasten away after the Generalissimo This was the Crabats worke commonly who being of the nimblest Horse were still left last in the Quarters and to bring word of the comming of the Enemy And yet durst these afterwards at Prague contend for it That they had as good of the Day as the Swedish for which their Arguments were that they kill'd the King much about as many men and brought away almost 60 Ensignes Had they onely mentioned the King their argument had beene better then their other reasons can make it T is true indeed that when our 2. Countrimen told Duke Bernard afterwards that they boasted to have taken so many Ensignes They tooke more Colours then the Swedish nay saies he thats too lowd but they have indeed taken 45. and we have 17. or 18. of their Colours But now the losse of their Cannon their leaving the field unto their enemies and their right downe running away when none pursued after them the Court of Vienna it selfe can never speake with honour of it How the newes of the Battell was resented at Vienna And therefore there was but a faint Thanksgiving made for it a few peeces shot off but not a Bonfire that I heare of and that expression rather for the death of the King and to make the people then for the Victory The Victory absolutely must all forraine and Neutrall Historians give unto the Swedish which was such a one as would have made Austria quak't had the King surviu'd it The Generalissimo having taken Sanctuary in Leipsich there came the next day some 1000. or 1500. Footemen to him whereof some had Colours and other some had lost them These were the remainders of 40. Ensignes A little after The way of Walensteins flight came the Lieftenant-Felt-Marshall Holck with the Sergeant-Major-Generall Count Ridolfo Coloredo the Marquesse of Grande and some others of great quality And now also came their Baggage-Wagons waited upon with a Horse-Convoye In the night about 6. a clocke were all these commanded to Born 14. miles onwards of the way towards Bohemia the Generall himselfe within three houres and a halfe the same night following them Holck staid still in Leipsich who going away next day delivered up the Keyes unto the Magistrates againe with such a like Complement That he was now as good as his word as it became every honest man to be He hoped therefore they would speake nothing but honour of him and show themselues mercifull as became good Christians unto such sicke and wounded as he left in their towne behind him That day some 16. or 17. troopes of Horse passed by in sight of the City with abundance of the Boores Cattle going towards their Generalissimo His Excellency went not into Born but Quartered that night hard by it Thence went he to Altemburg thence to Camitz thence to Frawenstein thence thorow the Passe of the Behemer-Waldt unto Diewitz in Bohemia 30. miles short of Prague City And now were the shattered troopes dispersed into their winter Quarters Walenstein himselfe with the remnants of the 2. Favourite-Regiments of young Walenstein and old Brenner going directly towards Prague City These 2. Regiments for their good service at the Battell their diligent attendance upon him in the flight he ordered to waite upon him in his owne Palace and by Squadrons to keepe guard about him They were as his meniall servants they had their allowance for a standing table in his Court his owne people served them and he himselfe sometimes would see they had their allowance These were relieved that is changed every 8. dayes and then had every man 6. or 8. Bohemian dollars given him each worth 3s English and their Wives or Wenches halfe as much Examples of his vast bounty Those Officers that did well in the Battell he at New-yeeres-tide rewarded with Gold chaynes with his owne Medall or Picture at them some of them to the great Lords being set with Diamonds and worth 1000. ducats Thus were all the Gold-smiths in Prague set a worke upon his New-yeeres-gifts And whereas there was a dispute betwixt Holck and Piccolomini whose Regiment was that which charged when the King was slaine he adiudged
a French garrison 3. It was a strong place of it selfe and had a great command over all that corner of the Huntsruck This shrewdly startled both the Elector and his Frenchmen who meant to have put themselves into it but that the Spaniards had thus leapt into the saddle before them This neighbourhood of these 2 great and emulous nations the breadth of the Rhine onely being betwixt them was the occasion of many a quarrell The French author of le Soldat Suedois complaines that the Spanish once having taken some of his Countrey-men prisoners upon promise of good quarter cut their throats afterwards in cold blood It had beene privately agreed it seemes betwixt their Majesties of France Sweden The private agrement betwixt France and Sweden concerning Triers that France should have the sole Protection so was it yet called of the Elector of Triers countrie and that if need were the Swedish should helpe to beate the Spanish out of it It appeares also by the storie that Gustavus Horn had Commission from his master for the same purpose and that he now prepared to execute it He had a good minde likewise to get the Dom-Herren or Chapter of Triers into his Clutches but they being then at Triers towne shifted themselves away into the neighbour-countrie of Lutzenburg so soone as ever they gat an inckling of his comming Horn staid not long within Mentz ere that the Armie advanced towards the Mosel Marching all together in one Grosse or not very farre asunder towards Triers citie and the country of Lutzenburg the Rhinegrave Otto Lodowick Horn advances towards the Elector of Triers countrey the most of whose Army was already in the Huntsruck all on the sudden with his part of the forces strikes down on the right hand keeping the Mosel on their left towards Coblentz Horns division that came presently after held on their march through the Huntsruck towards Trarbach whose army was now said to be some 8000 foot and about 6000 horse under 126 Cornets June 17 the Rhinegrave first invested Coblentz and to omit the usuall advancings of all sieges having gotten up a Batterie on the Lands side the French from over the water out of Hermanstein castle thunder also with their ordnance into Coblentz The Spanish within the towne being conscious of the scantnes of their ammunition The Rhinegrave besieges Coblents fall the third day to parlie with the Rhinegrave The Elector of Cullen had in this meane time of the seige sent in some Ambassadors from his castle of Bonne up the Rhine to perswade thus much with the Spanish that in case they must needs render they should rather article to deliver up unto the French then unto the Swedish But besides that the Spanish had in the time of this little neighbour-hood contracted a greater spight or scorne of the French then of the Swedish neither would the Rhinegrave consent to that motion because that though he well knew that the towne was hereafter by Commission from the King of Sweden to be turned over unto the French yet should the French never say that they had received it from those that lost it but from those that wonne it and not glory in it and takes it as their owne conquest but as the King of Swedens Resignation The Spaniards could get no quarter at the Rhinegraves hands till they had delivered him the Elector of Triers his chiefe Marshall whom together with two great Iewes Merchants they had before seased on It had gone hard with the Marshall perchance if the Rhinegrave had not stood upon these termes for his deliverie the Spanish were very angrie with his Master the Elector for thrusting them out of his countrey and not trusting their Master of Spaine with his protection as well as France the one being as much a Catholick as the other All conditions being agreed upon Thursday June 21 being the 4 day of the siege The Spanish forsake Triers countrey the Spaniards march out of Coblents with soldiers conditions every way and were by the Swedish convoyed into a place of security This towne being taken which was the chiefest strength of all that countrie the weaker Spanish garrisons on the further Eastern side of the Rhine in Ober Laenstein Nyder Laenstein Engers Mantenau Hamerstein Lanneck and Montabour voluntarily forsooke their old quarters all retyring themselves quietly towards Luxenberg Three Regiments of the Catholicke-leaguers which had by the Count of Merode beene newly levyed in the Electorate of Triers and its neighbour countries of Gulick-land and the land of Marck were by this time upon their march towards the reliefe of Coblents They were the Regiments of Metternich Governor of Heidleberg Roelinger and the Count of Bronckhorst which were comming upon the service but meeting by the way with those that had forsaken these townes they presently convert their march towards the mountainous parts of Alsatia where they first enquarter themselves in the townes of the Strasburgers jurisdiction and peece in presently afterwards with Ossa and Monte Cuculi The Elector of Cullen brother to the Duke of Bavaria upon the returne of his Ambassadors being startled with this neernesse of the danger he on Saturday June 23 ships away himselfe and Treasure downe the Rhine unto Cullen citie The feare of the Elector and Bishoprick of Cullen upon it whither he was followed by the most and chiefest of the Spiritualitie His whole Electorate was in a bodily feare also for that the warres were by this time brought so neere them Neere them indeed Bonne it selfe the Palace and Residence of the Elector being not above 30 English miles by a line from Coblentz some of the Bishoprick not a dozen and that downe the Rhinestreame also The Elector as I finde written presently sent away to envite Pappenheim to his succours and entertained the Count of Merode with 7 Regiments of horse and foot into his service But Pappenheim being before engaged to the Archduchesse for the reliefe of Maestricht could not now helpe him and Merode expecting every houre to be by his Generalissimo the Duke of Fridland commanded for other service These uncertainties put the Elector of Cullen and his neighbour the Duke of Newburg in the same case and feare with him to bethinke themselves of those safer counsells which wee shall presently tell you of Gustavus Horn takes Trarbach Whilest the Rhinegrave is at the siege of Coblentz Gustavus Horn with the other part of the Armie was as busie about Trarbach the most considerable towne upon the Mosel on that side and mid-way betwixt Coblentz and Triers citie The Spaniards were possest of this towne also but the place being not to be defended they without much forcing forsake it and retire into the strong Castle of Grafenburg hard without the towne upon the Mosel The Spanish having good store of all militarie provisions within the castle maintaine the siege very resolutely and Horn as fiercely layes about him He had within 4
Regiment commanded by Wilich Out of Wolfenbuttle 1000 halfe belonging to Count Gronsfeldt and halfe to Baron Glein Governor of the towne Glein went along with his part and Captaine Scharffseder lead the other moitie Lastly he had 7 Ensignes or 300 which wee told you came out of Damitz which belonged to Baron Loebel a Counsellor of Warre to the Emperor who being not there they were led by Stauder his Leiftenant-Colonell These were in all 3200. Cornets of Horse he had 25 wherof of Bonickhausens 12 Of Horsts 8. and of Lintlo's 5. in all about 1500. Horse and Foot in all 4700. Pappenheim indeed gave out himselfe to be 10 or 12000 and for so many he commanded bread to be baked at Wolfenbuttle and yet to conceale the smallnes of his numbers did he never march from Wolfenbuttle unto Magdenburg but in the night and in devided Companies There had particular intelligence beene sent out of Kalemberg to the Generall Banier of the smalnesse of Pappenheims Armie and the Prince of Anhalt as I heare offered to lay his owne head to a Dollar if he were 5000 men But Duke Fredericke Vlrick of Brunswick being deceived by Pappenheims Bakers who shewed Commissions to provide for 12000 writing to Banier that hee was indeed so strong this was the thing that scared the Swedish Generall who considered that the towne of Magdenburg had 2900 more to joyne with him His Commission I heare was not to fight as little as Baniers the chiefe of this his first expedition being to spoile the workes to fetch the goods and garrison out of Magdenburg for which he was said to have carryed 3 or 400 wagons along with him These wagons served also to barricadoe the Armie on the wing many of these having 3 or 4 soldiers in them with double hakes which are peeces that shoot 6 ounces bullett The weaker townes of the Duke of Brunswicks betwixt Wolfenbuttle and Magdenburg he now plunders this was but to keepe his hand in ure and for his recreation Helmstat a towne and Vniversite 24 English miles from Wolfenbattle is so served after his lying 4 dayes at it Here he left Loebels 7 companies of 300 men Thence goes he to Schoningen 12 miles further and so to Garleben whence hee thrusts into Magdenburg He enters Magdenburg There having a while refreshed his Armie hee devides his owne and Manfelds men into 2 great Partees which are sent severally abroad upon both sides of the river for the speedyer plundering of the Countrey No sooner were the L. Marq. Hamilton and the Generall Banier gone out of Saltz but Pappenhelms men were the same day pillaging of it Eroleben Elendeleben Biren and sends out 2 Partees to plunder the Countrey and Altensleben are made prey of and so is Mulingen Castle the Court and Residence of the Count of Barby On the Easterne side of the Elb is the Baron of Glein Governor of Wolfenbuttle sent out with some 6 troopes of Horse and 1500 or 2000 Muskettiers He goes or sends first to Gomeren 8 English miles South-East of Magdenburg This Partee of his makes towards Barby towne within 2 miles of Calbe where if wee will beleeve Gallobelgicus they were very strangly frighted The plunderors as they thought discerned a great many fires about the towne which they supposed to be so many Courts of guard and that the Swedish in this neerenesse to Kalbe had beene there enquartered The townsmen hearing afterwards by what apparitions their towne had beene preserved concluded verily sayes he that it was a guard of Angells which had thus skared away their enemies Those of our nation then hard by Barby never heard of this Ignis fatuus this indeed was upon our Twelfe day and yet I beleeve nothing of this Theophania these divine apparitions Something there might be in it divers of our nation of Captaine Dowglasse Companie lying that night at Rosenberg within sight of Barby for the guard of the baggage set by mischance a Gentlemans house and another on fire which is likelyest to be the fires imagined January the seaventh does Pappenheim draw out of Magdenburg He forsakes Magdenburg not as my last quoted Author delivers for that he had newes of the Duke of Lunenburgs threatning to besiege Wolfenbuttle for plainely neither this Duke nor his Brother had as yet any one man levyed Pappenheim and Manfeld having concluded first that the towne was not to be maintained and secondly that the whole countrey was more to be considered then that one ruinated Citie they had now resolved upon leaving of it Pappenheim had done what he came for and what should he stay there longer Having therefore charged all the goods hee came thither for upon his waggons he sends them onward with his Foot towards Wolfenbuttle The ordnance which hee had resolved to carry along with him it seemes he wanted horses for seeing 18 of these were found standing upon the market place with their harnesse or traice cut after the draught-horses had beene put to them Out of Magdenburg carryed he these forces Of Colonel Breuners Regiment 10 Companies or 1500. Of Marquesse William of Baden 8 Companies or 650. Of Cratz his Regiment 5 Companies about 150. Of Goltz his Regiment 500. Besides these were 3 troopes of horse one of Manfelds owne guards and the other 2 of Crabats but all so weake that those 3 could not make up a hundred In all 2900 1000 of which he againe put into Wolfenbuttle Pappenheim was gone almost 2 dayes before the Lord Marquesse or Banier had notice of it The Pappenheimers brave the Swedish Whilest his Foot and Baggage were marching away some troopes of his horse made a Brave upon the Swedish before their Quarters A faire Compagnia there is betwixt Saltz and Kalbe and a hill in it within halfe an English mile of this latter Upon that did some of them make a muster of themselves stood still and gazed upon the English and the Scottish whom my Lord Marquesse now commanded to be drawne out into Battaglia Banier likewise having sent over some 6 or 7 troopes of Horse and Dragooners Two houres they stood looking thus one upon another without exchanging so much as one bullet betweene them The Pappenheimers it appeares meant not to make a businesse of it but did it only to amuse their enemies either whilest their Foot and baggage might get the more time to march away but march away without doing any thing or that their other fellowes might in the meane time plunder some of the neighbour Dorps undisturbed After 2 houres these Horse marcht off quietly and followed after their Army unto Wolfenbuttle Pappenheim leaving Magdenburg did not commit that spoile and barbarisme upon the towne as was reported Part of the bridge some say he burned though others say t was burnt before Some boates and mills also in the river and blew up some of the Workes Of ordnance hee left 18 as was said upon the market place 19 he drowned in the
being upon the very frontiers of Triers Countrey taking townes and castles in it Then winnes he Draconfelt a very strong Castle upon a high hill so named say the Countrey people from S. George his killing of the Dragon The hill though very high yet was it commanded by another hard by it neither hills nor Castle being defended as they should have beene This service was done by the English and Scottish Brigade and here was found good plenty of provisions December the third was the Armie mustered at Konickswinter and December the tenth were the English Scottish and Irish Brigade reduced December the eleventh was Dutz taken right against Cullen but December the twelfth they were by the Ordnance from the towne of Cullen againe beaten out of it But of these things slightly because beyond my time of the Kings death and for that I could come at no particular instructions There was a Iournall of these Actions brought into this Land but it was not my good fortune nor my Readers to light upon it I confesse I might have enlarged my selfe out of Le Soldat Suedois had I knowne where to have trusted him The Count of Pappenheim having thus chased away Leiftenant Generall Baudissins part of the Army turnes now against Generall Lunenburgs Division before Wolfenbuttel for within 4 dayes of Baudissins retreate were the 1400 Horse thrust into the towne as hath beene before recited And now turnes Pappenheim who might doe what he pleased against the towne of Hildesheim upon which hee had before vowed to be revenged Being set downe before the towne he plants those 9 Ensignes which had beene taken from Lunenburg and the Brunswickers at Wolfenbuttel Pappenheim besieges Hildesheim upon one of his Batteries next the towne which he caused them to understand were Baudissins Colours and that he had utterly overthrowne him This he did to put the townsmen out of all hope of being that way relieved Here sate hee downe September 26 where battering the townsmen with bigge words as well as the towne with his great Ordnance he had already cow'd and daunted their courages whereas their towne might have held out tenne times longer Pappenheims Approaches and his Batteries so terribly puzled the honest Burgers that they beganne to listen to a Parlie faine would they have made their owne conditions had not their enemie knowne well enough hee had to deale with those that would yeeld to any thing Pappenheim continuing stout peremptorily made proffer to them of these 5 Conditions which he vow'd he would not alter from 1. First that out of his meere favour and grace to them and takes it by composition he would at present burthen their towne with no greater a garrison then of 2000 which according as he had occasion he would draw out and lighten 2. That they should give him 200000 Dollars present contribution in consideration whereof he would give order that strict military discipline should be observed by his Soldiers whom he would forbid plundering 3. That the Lutheranes should still be left in the free exercise of their religion and be enforced to alter nothing in it 4. That the townsmen should have free leave either to goe or stay as they pleased 5. That there should for the time be a cessation from shooting on both sides and yet should he be suffered to worke on still in his Approaches and to bring forward his Lines even to their very Ports until such time as they should be set open to him Upon these most dishonourable conditions was the strong excellently wel provided town of Hildesheim the last day of September yeelded up unto the Count of Pappenheim You have here no mention of any conditions for soldiers marching out for indeed there was none but the townes ordinary garrison now in it for notwithstanding that the Duke of Lunenburg had left 2 of his Regiments there at his going thence to Duderstat yet had he drawne them out againe at his late going to Wolfenbuttel At this easie taking of so mighty a strong and well provided a Citie Pappenheim himselfe could not choose but wonder Hildesheim was much easier then Maestricht to him Being master of it he used it thereafter Cowards he knew would endure any thing Now gives he order to have all the townsmens plate laid hold of and carryed into the Statehouse and that to make present downe payment of the 200000 Rixe Dollars agreed upon A very great quantity of victualls and ammunition he causes to bee taken out of their Magazines which hee sent into Wolfenbuttel This was the place that he was most carefull of for besides that it so curbed and awed the neighbour Brunswickers it was a sure retreate for himselfe upon all occasions Having setled things in these parts where no businesse and scarce a considerable enemie appeared hee was in this beginning of October commanded from the Court of Vienna to march up to his Generalissimo the Duke of Fridland Pappenheim leaving the Count of Gronsfelt about the Weser Leaving therefore the Count of Gronsfelt in these parts to looke to the Duke of Lunenburg and the Count of Merode being sent a little after this towards Cullen against Baudissin himselfe with the greatest and best part of his Armie being some 8000 reall men marches up into Misnia His march lay altogether thorow Brunswickland to the Southward the rivers of Leine and Weser being upon his right hand Into Duringen he first comes a rich and enemy countrey to him All the better such rich and weake enemies had he a desire to deale withall marches up himselfe to joyne with Walenstein Having passed by Duderstat and the Countrey of Eischvelt the next good place to that in the very edge of Duringen is the great towne of Mulhausen famous sometimes for the Diets of the Empire Presenting his Grosse before this together with the terror of the name of Pappenheim and the example of Hildesheim it yeelds to pay him 80000 Dollars Thence sends he 3 troopes of 150 Horse unto Isenach a stronger place and more out of the danger as being 15 English miles to the South of Mulhausen Being denyed here these Horsemen plunder Creutzberg in their returne a little towne some 5 English miles to the North West of Isenach towards Mulhausen From Mulhausen he advances due Eastward unto Thomasbruck and there he gets contribution Thenstat He fetches contribution out of the townes of Duringen an opener towne some 11 miles further hee causes to be summoned and whereas the townsmen could not so suddenly bring up the demanded contribution the Pappenheimers hang up 3 of the chiefe Burgers upon a tree and who being halfe dead they cut downe againe Gebesen he also fetches money out of and sends to the Citie of Erfurt that if they would have their Countrey townes spared they should send him 20000 Dollars Duke William Weymar lay then sicke in the towne with some 3000 men so that Erfurt not fearing their owne walls either sent
could have beene contented to have robbed the Church of himselfe now its Patrone and have stolne away over the Oder But there was the Saxon Colonell Kalckstein enquartered with his Regiment of Dragooners Goetz thus put to it was faine to treate upon conditions of rendring for all which he could obtaine no other but the selfe-same Articles which his Generalissimo had sometimes given to those of Prague which was to march out only with their swords without Armes Drummes or Colours Great Glogaw having thus changed her master They take Great Glogaw though Walenstein would not lay downe his Title the Swedish and Saxish Armies being able together to make up some 14 or 15000 men thinke themselves strong enough to attempt upon the countrey They first send to summon Sagan another of Walensteins Dukedomes about 20 English miles to the West of Great Glogaw which together with its neighbours Neustedlen Prunka Sprottaw and Freystad in that rich countrey betwixt the Oder and the Bober were faine to give entertainement and contribution unto the Swedish and draw the neighbour townes to contribution From hence at this time was Colonell Kalckstein with some 1800 Horse and Dragooners sent towards Steinau upon the Southern banck of the Oder about 18 English miles to the North East of great Glogaw aforesaid This is the Passe betwixt Glogaw and the citie Lignitz and it hath a Bridge over the river with a good Fort before it There lay one Imperiall Cornet and 4 Companies of Dragooners Steinau Fort taken by the Saxons for the guard of it This did Kalckstein surprise with some boates in the Oder at this Bridge with good Merchandise in them Thence advances he Southwards towards Lignitz which hath a particular Duke of his owne a Lutheran The place is betweene 2 small rivers 10 miles from the Oder Here abouts some forces making opposition Kalckstein cut off betwixt 20 and 30 of them and tooke 100 more which became his soldiers Kalckstein having given advertisement to Arnheim and Dubalt of the posture of the towne and that it depended upon it selfe without having any Imperiall garrison in it Arnheim presents his Armie before and sends to know the Dukes pleasure whether he pleased to be Imperiall or would declare himselfe Swedish Lignitz both Duke and towne accorded with Arnheim The Duke seeing an Army at hand which were likely to call to him for an answere professes himselfe their friend and that he and his towne should give free passage and reliefe unto both Swedish and Saxon Armies This profession was the safeguard of the towne and an advantage to the Protestant Armies some of which now going into the towne and enquiring whither there were any of the enemies goods there or no found 4000 paire of provant shooes there and some other necessaries provided by Colonell Goetz for his Regiment Arnheim having onely lodged 1000 muskettiers in the towne sends back the greatest part of his Armie towards great Glogaw Arnheim advances against the Imperialists himselfe with some Cavalery field peeces advancing towards Goldberg a Fleck some 14 English miles to the South of Lignitz whereabouts some Imperialists were now assembled Having notice upon his march that they were retyred thence and gone to Lemburg upon the river Bober towards the frontiers of Lusatia and that Don Balthasar was there himselfe with his whole forces hee faces it about towards great Glogaw retyres from them to joyne againe with Dubalt who was busied in fetching contribution out of the countrey Here at Lemburg was the whole Imperiall Army which might be some 12000 strong now rallyed together there were the Counts of Mansfelt and Schaumburg with Sergeant Major Generall Schaffgotzy and the chiefe Officers of the Field They having notice of the Duke of Lignitz being accorded with Arnheim and of his retyring to Glogaw apprehend a present resolution to fall upon Steinau Fort againe Don Balthazar recovers Steinau so to cut off the Passe to Lignitz This they effect fortunately enough for that there was as little opposition there made against them as had at the former taking beene against Kalckstein This done Don Balthasar thinkes to advance towards Great Glogaw hoping to finde the Swedish and Saxon Armies not yet comne together but busied about the Countrey and so to fall in amongst their Quarters But therein they were deceived for they had not advanc't one league a half but they had the Alarme brought home to them how that both Arnheim and Dubalt were already marcht and within a league of them Vpon this newes Where the Swedes and Saxons coming upon them Don Balthasar counter-marches to the Passe at Steinau the neerest the safest strength which he thereabouts had the command of Behind this town and in it they made Alt and there sate they downe with their Army Vpon Saturday August the seaventeenth came the Swedes and Saxons before Steinau and tooke up 2 severall Quarters before it Dubalt with his Swedes and Brandenburgers had a sandy hill before the enemyes Leaguer and upon that getting up 2 Batteryes and 20 peeces of Ordnance he cruelly with murthering shot c. thundered both upon the towne and the Imperiall Leaguer Arnheim hee charges upon their Horse Quarters at the same time first rout their Army and Dubalts Cavalery falls upon another flanck of them who being now much distracted by the raking of Dubalts Ordnance thorow their Battalions their Horsemen after a charge or two tooke the rowt upon it running Eastward towards Schweinitz and Breslaw some 4000 of their Foot having thrust themselves into the Fort. In this fight as I find 2 severall writings for were some 2000 Imperialists slaine there might perchance be halfe so many and hardly more for that they stood not long enough to it Chace there could be none for that the Imperialists having first sent away their ordnance and baggage towards Breslaw tooke care enough to burne Steinau bridge behind them Now does the Protestant Army lay seige to the Fort and to them in it which the next day Aug. nineteenth they falto to batter upon T is written that Don Balthasar himself with the Coūts of Schaumberg Mansfeld besides other Grandees of the Army were now within the Fort but I thinke they had too much wit to coope up themselves in a Counting-house This ill lucke they had that the fourth day of the seige within the Fort some of their powder tooke fire and the towne fell into a flame by Dubalts shooting Divers therefore here miscarried Schaffgotzi was shot in the shoulder with a musket and the rest sav'd themselves either by getting over the Oder or by boates downe the streame of it Colonell Goetz was comming to their reliefe but meeting the newes of All 's lost and then recover Steinau he retyred to Schweinitz Don Balthasar and the rest recovered to the walls of Breslaw whereabouts the Army beganne to come to a head againe And thus upon Friday August
farre from the Oder leaving some troopes to maintaine the Bridge notwithstanding The Imperialists retyre a little Towards evening the Imperialists sent divers of their best baggage-wagons with 4 great peeces of Ordnance each drawne by 20 or 24 Horses and a goodly Mortar to be taken into Breslaw for feare as the messengers said least the Imperiall Army in their retreate should be forced to leave them to their enemies The gunnes were taken in for that the citie could answere for them they having lent more peeces then those unto the Emperor As for the Baggage they would not meddle with it for feare the sheltering of enemies goods should occasion a quarrell with the Swedes and Saxons who had yet done no injury to the townsmen That night was there command given thorow the Citie that every Burger upon pain of losing his Freedome should meet the next morning at the Statehouse There and then were these 5 demands made from Don Balthasar and the Imperiall Army 1. Whether the Citie would stand firme to the Emperor 2. And serve his Armie with victualls and Ammunition 3. In case the Army should not be able to maintaine it as they feared against their enemies whether they might have the favour to retreate into the Citie 4. Whether they would grant passage to the Army thorow the towne 5. And if their Armie were put to the retreate whether the Citie would favour them with their Ordnance from the walls and so afford them their best assistance The Cities answere was 1. For the Emperor they were resolved as they were obliged to live and die 2. Victualls and Ammunition for the Armie they could not spare them because that little they had there was need enough of in so populous a Citie And yet if they could be assured how their towne should be maintained against the Swedes Saxons they would afford whatever they found their Magazines able to spare them 3. As for the retreate of the Armie into their Citie that might they by no meanes afford them 4. As for leave of marching thorow their Citie that could they not imagine how it could bee convenient either for the towne or Armie for that seeing they must likewise afford the same favour to the Swedish they should thereby bring their citie into a most eminent danger 5. As for favouring them with their Ordnance from the walls until they should have made their retreate far enough that were farre lesse expedient for them And therefore they would intreate the Army to consider how much inconvenience must needs be drawne upon the City by it For whereas the Swedish had hitherto offered no hostility either unto the City or any belonging to it they had no reason to provoke them first of all which if they should doe they should never be able to give an account for it to posteritie This courtesie they hoped for from the Imperiall Army that if the Swedish should offer to assault their Citie they would thē be ready to relieve it The towne having thus handsomly declined rather then denyed these demands the Imperiall Officers all abashed at it repaired to their leaguer About noone the same Thursday came there a letter unto the Magistrates from the Generall Dubalt full of good language and profession Therein was the sincerity of his Majestie of Swedens purposes expressed Dubalt writes to the City full of desire to relieve all the oppressed concluding all with a desire of victualls for thankes and money Victuals were denyed for all which those of the Suburbs came into the towne to buy which they plentifully went and sold unto the Swedish Now come the soldiers to St. Nicholas gate and close under that they bring their wagons to be sheltred The most part of the Imperiall Armie in the meane time forsooke their owne leaguer and retyred into that Suburb on the other side of Breslaw called Elbing the Swedish in the meane time continuing their assault upon those left at the Oder strive to force their passage over it Friday the last of August betimes in the morning the rest of the Imperiall Army brake up and came before the Oder gate and so retyred into the said Suburb Here staid they not full 2 houres The Imperialists flee but in great hast retyred themselves some North Eastward to Namstau others North Westward to Auris whence t was thought they would have gone out of the countrey About noone the same day came the Swedish rushing into the said Suburb of Elbing having by boates gotten over the Oder Here made they havock of whatsoever the Imperialists had left behinde them but doing no wrong unto any of the Breslawers Just then was newes brought that other Swedish had slaine 200 Imperialists taken Colonell Rotstall prisoner with 300 horsemen more at Olaw bridge 16 English miles to the South East of Breslaw which were there set to maintaine the Passe over the river Olaw which falleth into the Oder at Breslaw Saturday morning September the first the Citizens of Breslaw were to meet in the Statehouse and there to declare themselves whether they would admit the Swedish and Saxon Armies into their towne make an accord with them or otherwise runne the hazzard of hostilitie And thus farre my Breslaw Author hath beene my Intelligencer Those that had taken Rostall at Olaw bridge aforesaid were of Arnheims Armie who whilest Dubalt was thus employed about Breslaw was with the most of his owne Saxon forces other where taken up in the Countrey And hee having understood that the Imperialists had another Bridge over the Oder right against Olaw aforesaid thitherward goes hee about August the twentie sixth to force that and that way to come at the Imperialists Arnheims Actions His having done this forced the Imperialists so soone to quit their Breslaw leaguer as hath beene before said Hearing this Bridge to be maintained by Colonell Rotstall and 400 muskettiers hither sends he Leiftenant Colonell Dahn with 600 Horse and 500 muskettiers He getts the passe at Olaw Now whiles Rotstall stayes too long to burne downe the Bridge there was he taken and his men defeated August the 29 comes Arnheim to repaire the bridge and Colonell Eckstadt with 15 troopes of Horse 300 muskettiers and 2 peeces of Ordnance is sent to hinder him To stave off him is Leiftenant Colonell Schidner sent with some of Kalcksteins Dragooners by whom is Eckstadt forced to retreate into a wood a little from the Oder August 31 comes Sergeant-Major-Generall Schaffgotzi to helpe Eckstadt hiding himselfe in the said wood to be ready to cut the Saxons in peeces so soone as ever they should have passed over That night Arnheim having finisht his bridge was ready to have put over his forces but hearing in time of Schaffgotzi's comming followes forbeares it All that day night had the Saxon Ordnance so thunderd into the wood that so soone as ever Schaffgotzi heard Arnheims bridge finished whom he suspected to have beene strong enough
on the neerest frontiers almost of the Dukedome next unto those parts where Horns warres now lay and by taking of them was the midway betwixt both their forces made the cleerer and they the neerer together to conjoyne them This done and the Administrator having notice of the taking of Stolhoven some few of his being now sent by order from the King of Sweden to augment the garrison of Ausburg he sends the greater part of his Armie over the mountaines through the rich and pleasant Kintzkher thale commonly called the Kintzinger dale which the river Kintzkh both watereth and nameth Some Swedish troopes had beene left behinde on that side the Rhine about Stolhoven to re-enforce these Wirtembergers and their designe now was upon the Imperiall citie of Offenburg upon the said river Kintzkh now comes and besieges Offenburg about 10 English miles from Strasburg This was the agreement betwixt the Administrator and the Swedish Felt-Marshall to give action to the Imperialists on both sides of the Rhine at one instant that they might not well know which way next to turne them But of this siege presently and in the order of time that it ought to be Wee left Haubald even now passing over the Rhine-streame That done and he advancing to the South-westward by St. Arbogast and Nidernheim the Imperiall garrison of Obernheim a little beyond Benfeld avoide out of it before his comming But the townsmen taking themselves to be more interessed in the keeping of their owne then the mercenary soldiers put on a resolution in their State-house to defend themselves against the Swedish But for all their bigge words after they had beene once beaten in upon a slight sallie which they made Haubald besieges Obernheim to hinder the Swedish Approches and that they heard the Canon bullets ratling a little among the tiles of their houses the good men suffered themselves to be perswaded by their wives and daughters to make but a money matter of it and to hearken to a parlie The townsmen which is yeelded to him thereupon being used to driving of bargaines more then to driving away their enemies now bargaine for their liberties and 10000 Dollars they paid for it Whilest this is a doing about the end of August the Wirtembergers assisted by some Swedish are at the siege of Offenburg Summons being given the citizens having first obtained a little respite to consider of it seeme desirous to enter into a Parlie This was but a trick of theirs to gaine time withall seeing they were assured to be relieved from Monte-Cuculi if there were any port yet open by which to receive the succours into their citie The Wirtembergers thinking all their owne were not so carefull either to surround the citie or to have their Sentinells and espialls abroad as they ought to have beene By this negligence of theirs 3â—0 Imperialists thrusting themselves into the citie the townsmen breake off their Parlie The Wirtembergers besieging Offenburg and let flie their ordnance among the Wirtembergers Here was Colonell Iagermaister slaine with divers others of the Wirtemberger Officers The besiegers finding the besieged to plie them hard with sallies to beate them out of their Approaches and to fill up their Lines by flinging in the earth againe were faine directly to send for Gustavus Horn to come and helpe them Thither came he in person with some re-enforcements By his strength and skill and diligence the lines in 4 or 5 daies were perfected Batteries and wide breaches made and ladders gotten readie for the Scalado The garrison and citizens perceiving this they to beginne the moneth and end the weeke withall Are faine to send for Gustavus Horn to helpe them Saturday September the first old Style sent out to treat the conditions of surrendring They are granted upon indifferent termes unto the garrison whereupon the next day September the 2 300 soldiers on foot and 120 on horseback march forth freely out of the towne to him that sent them Munday and Tuesday were the dayes appointed for the treating with the townsmen who for having dealt so treacherously with the Wirtembergers were compelled first By whom the towne is taken to redeeme themselves with 20000 Dollars 2 to prevent their correspondencie with the Imperialists was there a garrison of 500 men put upon them 3 Their suburbs which themselves had partly burnt downe and partly beaten downe for the fortifying of their towne were they made promise not to build up againe for ever 4. They were to take an oath of homage to become hereditarie subjects unto the Crowne of Sweden 5. and lastly to be forbidden medling with any Armes for ever Here was found an excellently well furnished Magazine both for victualls Guns and ammunition which wel helpt Gustavus Horn to beate all the rest of the countrey Whilest these conditions are a treating the Armie had given summons to the strong well provided Castle of Ortenburg Ortenburg Castle surrendred the chiefe strength of the Kintzinger-dale aforesaid which to be briefe was faine to follow the example of its predecessors and to resigne up it selfe on wednesday the 5 of September By the taking of these 2 most important places was the towne of Brisach quite foundered which though full 30 English miles from this Offenburg yet it being upon the same side of the Rhine with it there was never a considerable strength betweene to shelter it Hereabouts had Monte-Cuculi all this while laine as if to give aime to the losing of the Countrey Ossa and Monte Cuculi avoide the countrie The Swedish Army now making that way both he and the Commissary Ossa not able to abide their comming are faine to depart the Countrey Ossa as I finde went first of all towards Nancy in Loraine or else to Bisanson in Burgundy to leave his Lady there in a place of securitie presently returning over the Rhine again into Schwabland Monte-Cuculi resigning his Generalship in those parts unto Marquesse William of Baden adventures with some troopes of Horse especially to brush through the Easterne skirts of the Duchy of Wirtemberg and so to Kempten in the very edge of Schwabland and to get that way into Bavaria Thereabouts as I finde had Sir Patrick Ruthven a blow at him being said to kill him 300 men and to take 150 prisoners Thus with much adoe gets he over the Lech about Schonga and Fuessen and in Bavaria you have before heard of him in the Kings storie The coast being thus cleered of the Imperialists there was not a foe in the field to make opposition against the Swedish or the Wirtembergs The Earldom of Furstemberg taken Hereupon is the faire Kintzinger-dale brought under Swedish contribution and in it the inheritance of Eggon Count of Furstemberg who as in our First Part we have often told you was sometimes the Emperors great Generall in this Circle of Swevia How he had resigned his Generalship and retyred into a privacie you may see Page 119
and 220 of our Second Part. In what estate the countrie himselfe were now in t is best knowing out of his owne Letters written unto Iames Hannibal Count of Ems which were by the way intercepted MY LORD I Yesterday received a Letter from the Marquesse William of Baden and the sad newes in it Furstenbergs letter and complaint of the falling of the Marshall Horn with 10000 men into his Marquisate That also he had required 300000 Florens from him in present paiment and a place of Rendezvous for 4 fresh Regiments I am very sorrie to see him made a beggar as I my selfe am though otherwise there be no comparison betwixt us he having received at the Emperors hands so brave and good a countrey as is his Marquisate whilest I for mine owne part have neither master nor money Thus am not I able to help him nor he me nor you either of us I had before spent almost all I had in these warres and now am I utterly ruined of the residue And thus much could I not but give you part of that you might helpe to condole with us Your LO PS true friend and servant Eggon Count of Furstenburg Heyligenburg Septemb. 8. 1632. THis conquest was felt as farre as the Count of Hanaw-Lichtenbergs possessions all the Lords and Gentlemen on that side the Rhine being likewise made sensible of it The Kintzinger-dale was againe opened for the Strasburgers The advantage of these Conquests and the way quite cut off from the Imperialists that no succours could passe from Schwabland or Italie By this conquest was all cleere againe from Strasburg unto Kitzingen in Franconia to the North-Eastward to Rotweil upon the Neckar in Schwabland to the South-Eastward on the 3 side unto Vdenheim in the Palatinate and on the 4 side quite through the Hercinian forrest or the Swartz-walt into Bavaria All this was by these conquests put into the power of the King of Sweden Some say that the griefe of of this newes added some speeding malignity unto the Arch Duke Leopolds infirmities which Prince now lying for his pleasure at Swatz in Tirole The Archduke Leopold dyes was unexpectedly and after much hunting taken with a Catarrhe in his head which fell downe and put one of his eyes out which being followed with a fluxe and a continuall feaver in few dayes made an end of him He dyed September 13 at which time his Imperial Majesty likewise was most unprincely hādled by an unmannerly rebellious Quartan ague and the Emperor is sick of a Quartane The Archduke dyed in an ill time seeing at this instant his owne Estates laid open to the prey his familie all embroyled his Allyes much adoe to subsist his faire hopes blasted his great designes returned upon himselfe his enemies beginning apace to be many and his friends few his neighbours not much to be relyed on for that they beganne to recall the bad remembrances of ancient and forepassed jealousies and mis-intelligences In this ill time dyed the Archduke who had he lived but 2 moneths longer would well have cheered up himselfe with the death of the King of Sweden Presently after the death of this Leopold his Counsellors take care for the ensuring of the passages of his countrey of Tirole and confirme Marquesse William in his Generallship against Gustavus Horn helping to make him up an Armie of 4000 men with which hee kept himselfe about Ensisheim To returne to our Swedish Felt-Marshall The countrey on that side of the Rhine being thus ranged into order the selfesame Wednesday night that Ortenburg castle was taken upon did Gustavus Horn with certaine of his troopes Horn returnes to Strasburg both Horse and Foot passe Strasburg bridge againe himselfe lodging the same night within the citie His forces went to their old quarters againe beyond the river Ill whither a little after that the rest of his Armie followed The Wirtembergers returned into their owne Countrie first and so towards the Bodensee and that to divert the Imperialists from disturbing Horn at his siege of Benfelt as by and by wee shall tell you On Thursday September 6. did Count Henrie of Nassau Dillingberg come and joyne his Regiment unto the Swedish Armie Friday the 7 of September being the Anniversarie day of the famous victory of Leipsich was a day of devotion both in the Camp and Citie to the celebrating whereof the Lord-Marshall was himselfe gone into his leaguer There were Prayers added unto the Thanksgiving going thence to the siege of Benfelt for the prospering of the designe intended and that was the siege of Benfelt which by an Expresse the same evening his Excellencie certified the Strasburgers of and that he would the next morning put himselfe upon his march thitherward The place is in the lower Alsatia which there beginneth on the Westerne banck of the river Ill which having run 12 or 14 English miles further through Strasburg drops presently into the Rhine East of the towne which is but a very small one is the river The place of the towne is by a morasse the river there branching out into at least 20 small Ilets Before it is there a hillie and a woodie countrey The Citie of Strasburg had some pretences to it The towne described and it now was a troublesome neighbour unto it that holding for Prince Rodolfe William Bishop of Strasburg second sonne unto his Imperiall Majestie T is a royall fortification and a regular in forme of a spurre or Mullet 5 cornered The walls strongly beset with towers and rundells the Bulwarks thick and high with two wett ditches about them and on the East side a little Suburb washed by the river All this was very strongly pallisadoed with some outworks to it A worck is was said to be of well neere 20 yeares fortification Count Herman Adolph Count of Salm Rifferschet Statholder or Governour of the Bishoprick of Strasburg in which Benfelt standeth and Deane of the same Strasburg The Rhinegrave is of this Family of Salm. had excellently well provided it of victualls and ammunition some peeces of full Canon had they upon their Bullwarcks which shot 48 pound bullet Their garrison was about 800 Foot and 140 horse some of their Foot being sturdie Boores which there learned to be soldiers Their Governor was one Colonell Bulach a discreet Gentleman and a very resolute Commander Saturday September the eight did his Excellencie Gustavus Horn advance thitherward That very night did his vantguard take in some Mills with the Hospitall or cloister on the North side of the river which betwixt that and the towne had many great Ilets and branches cutting off and beating in some of these townsmen that had undertaken the guard of them Munday September the tenth beganne Horn to plant his Ordnance The siege laid which I heare to be 3 whole Canons 4 halfe Canons 12 fielding pieces and 4 mortars And now was he engaged upon a hard peece of service and all
a little from thence falleth into the Ill about 13 English miles to the South of Schletstat Colmar besieged The Imperiall Governor being resolved to hold the place and the Citizens perceiving him not able to doe it there fals out a difference upon it betwixt the Burgers and the Soldierie The townsmen feared that by the Governors obstinacie their City would be taken by assault and then should their houses be plundered or worse served and therfore presse the Governour to a Parlee He refusing the citizens getting all their Billmen at once together they just at dinner time on Sunday December the ninth sease upon the Governor with his Leiftenant and imprison them kill many of his soldiers that resisted them and sent word with all speed unto Gustavus Horn to come and take their citie This made their conditions to be the better and these they were By this you see that these townes of Schletstat and Colmar did not as yet know of the death of the King of Sweden 1. His Majestie of Sweden is contented to suffer the citie of Colmar still to remaine as a Romish Catholicke citie and in the enjoyment of the same her priviledges Immunities and rights aswell the Spiritualty as the Temporaltie which they had in the yeare 1626 nor will his Majestie assume more authoritie over the same Citie then the Romane Caesars have heretofore exercised 2. The King will receive the Ecclesiasticall persons both men and women into his protection and leave them the free exercise of their owne Religion 3. In the ordering of the Magistracie the King shall please to haue consideration of the wellfare and safetie of the townsmen and that with respect unto the ancient customes not bringing in any new impositions 4. The citie shall not be over-burthened with a greater garrison then they shall well be able to maintaine and the billetting of them shall be at the discretion of the Magistrates according to their former orders 5. All that were willing still to remaine within the City would his Majesty take the protection of and whoever were minded to depart should have free leave and libertie These Articles were dated at Horburg Decem. 10. 1632. and signed Gustavus Horn. Munday morning December the tenth was the Imperiall garrison turned out at the Ports to shift for their own safeties the Townsmen not so much you see as putting in one Article in favour of them The same night did Gustavus Horn personally enter into Colmar without exacting any one halfe Dollar from the townsmen The onely thing that he added unto the Articles which was by entreatie too was that the Lutherans might have their old Church again within the towne with the free exercise of Religion as heretofore they had enjoyed This being granted the Lord Commissary-Generall and Resident Glazer Religion restored in Colmar the Lord Iohn Noe and many principall Protestants who now lived in exile for their conscience sake at Strasburg did the 14 of December returne backe againe unto their owne houses in Colmar That day was there a Sermon of Thanksgiving preached there by Doctor Iohn Smidt Superintendent of the Augustane Confession who with the rest had the selfe-same day five yeares beene exiled out of Colmar His Excellencie Gustavus Horn had in the meane time sent the Leiftenant-Generall the Baron of Croneck Hagenau yeelded to the Swedish unto the Imperiall citie of Hagenaw 12 English miles to the North of Strasburg His message to the Magistrates was that if they thought good to submit themselves unto the Swedish protection then should their ancient Estate Priviledges Rights and Customes be left entire unto them but if not all should be by force confiscated The charges of the war moreover which he should be put unto for the conquering of them should doubly bee exacted out of their purses These offers being sent unto them by a fortunate and a conquering Armie became prevalent at the first motion and were accepted of Thus easily was Hagenau made Swedish having not so much as seene the countenance of a Swede till they tooke some of them in to be their garrison And thus became the valiant and discreet Gustavus Horn the great conqueror of the Vpper Alsatia and as much of the Lower too as there needed And that wee may dispatch all the warres in these quarters neere the Rhine at once by this time was the town of Franckendale in the Palatinate given over by the Spaniards The King of Bohemia by treating with the towne had before his death drawn the Governor Werres unto these conditions 1. That upon the eleventh of November himselfe with all his soldiers should march out of Franckendale Franckendale rendred in this equipage That is to say with Colours flying Drummes beating trumpets sounding 3 Brasse peeces of ordnance and such other ammunition as themselves had brought in thither 2. That the Spaniards should be allowed 200 wagons for the carrying away of their baggage 3. That they should have a sufficient Swedish garrison to convoy them unto the frontiers of Luxemburg Upon these termes were the Spaniards by agreement with the King of Bohemia to have left the towne upon the eleventh of November but whereas they were to have received 7000 Rex Dollars for such ordnance and Ammunition as they had heretofore brought into it and now left behinde them perchance upon the King of Bohemia'es sicknesse first and death afterwards they could not sooner receive their monyes The Gentleman employed by the King to treate with the Spaniards was Colonell Colb and they were put to it by the King of Spaines and the Archduchesses agreement with King Iames now also pressed by King Charles to deliver up the towne unto the Prince Palatine so soone as he should be able to keepe and maintaine it The Spaniards would never treate with the King of Sweden about it but with the Prince Palatines Ministers only so that now the King of Bohemia being likely enough to hold it they condiscend to deliver it And indeed they had Commission from Brussels for it being the willinger now to part with it so faire a way for that they saw Gustavus Horn perchance would not let them long have held it And yet this might they have done too had they known that he should have beene so soone sent for out of those Quarters towards Bavaria The Spaniards marching out November 26. a garrison of countrey boores is put into Franckendale to keepe it for the Princes Palatines There being now no more townes besides Vdenheim and Heidleberg in those parts of the Rhinish Circle which were not Swedish the victorious Gustavus Horn received directions from Chancellor Oxenstiern to march up into Bavaria and to joyne with the Generall Banier the Bavarians being strong enough at that time to fall a great way over their river Lech Gustavus Horn leaving part of the Armie with the Rhinegrave marches up into Bavaria with the residue even to the bancks of the Danubie in the Duke of
Wirtembergs countrie Leaving therefore a sufficient part of the Armie with the Rhinegrave for keeping what was conquered in Alsatia he the eighteenth of December passes the Rhine at Schona to goe against the Bavarians about the Danubie These he quickly made to finde the way over their Lech againe and since then with the assistance of Duke Bernard and Banier hath forced quite out of Bavaria to another part of the Danubie even their old starting holes of Ingolstat and of Regenspurg But this prosecution I meane not to meddle with Turne we back now to the Landgrave of Hesseus victories THE ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS OF THE LANDGRAVE OF HESSEN From the time of his receiving some aides from the King of Sweden at Werben untill his joyning with the said King againe about the Ringaw A Storie of some 3 moneths THat our Reader may not mistake the chief person in the Action t is Landgrave William of Hessen-Cassel whom wee treate of Son and heire unto that so famous and learned Prince Maurice of Hessen who was yet alive at Franckford banisht from his owne Estate by the Emperor The chiefe of the quarrell which the Emperor had to him was for his Religion and some Church-lands The Landgraves complaint against the Emperor againe was for a Sentence partly by Caesar passed against him Anno 1623 by which the towne and Universitie of Maxpurg in Hessen were adjudged away from him unto his Cozin the Landgrave Lodowick of Hessen Darmstat a Lutherane by profession and not so point blanck opposite unto the Catholicke partie and whose sonne hath been a diligent instrument of the Emperors to draw the King of Sweden to a Treatie when he lay at Mentz and still works with his Father in Law the Elector of Saxonie to the same purpose Of this Imperiall Sentence the Elector of Cullen with him of Saxonie had been one of the Commissioners and Executioners which made the Landgrave stomack him After that the businesse of Germany became on the Catholicke side a Leaguer-warre and a Quarrell of Religion then were the Protestants on all hands laid at by these Leaguers as well as by the Emperor every of them flying upon his next neighbour Whereas therefore the Landgrave had chiefely been borne downe by the Electors of Mentz and Cullen on the one side and by the neere Abbies of Fulda and Hirschfeld on the other with these he now begins to cry quittance so soone namely as he findes himselfe strong enough and that the King of Sweden had so potently already advanced into Germany To make way therefore for this Landgraves invading of others wee will first shew you how hee cleered his owne Countrey at home even then infested by the Imperialists About the beginning of September 1631 as in our First Part wee have told you the Landgrave returnes from the King of Sweden with some aides for the guard of his owne Countrey and that gallant Cavalier Duke Bernard of Saxon-Weymar was also at this time with him The Landgrave being returned first musters up an Armie of some 4000 Foot whereof 3600 were old soldiers the rest traind Boores and amongst them 3 Companies of hardie Forrestiers and Huntsmen of which last kinde of people the Princes of these woodie countries have a great multitude To these 4000 Foot were 1000 Horse and 2 peeces of ordnance joyned His quarrell seemed chiefely to be intended against the Bishopricks and Abby-lands which was as crosse as might be unto the late Imperiall Decree of Ratisbone And not so onely but even against the Imperiall familie also The Emperors second sonne Prince Rodolph William was now Abbot of Hirschfeld in Hessen-land next neighbour unto the Landgraves owne possessions This yong Prince upon the resignation of his Unckle the Archduke Leopold was made Priest and had his Bishopricks of Passaw and Strasburg in lieu of which the Archduke was made Administrator of all the lands of the house of Gratz of which this Emperor is in Alsatia Tirole c. This Princely yong Priest was in the yeare 1628 chosen Abbot of Hirschfeld aforesaid and should have beene Archbishop of Madenburg also whose missing of it was the destruction of that goodly Citie He had the Abby of Hirschfeld with condition that the Landgraves right unto the Citie and the Citizens freedome of religion should be reserved The present Abbot and Prince of Fulda was one Iohn Bernard Schenck of Schweinsberg Elected Anno 1623. who by the Title of his Abby is likewise one of the Princes of the Empire To the towne of Fulda hath the Landgrave some pretences also This towne of Hirschfeld and the Abby-lands about it being upon the river Fulda in the very heart of Hassia were since these warres still guarded by some Imperiall forces and military men for the most part being nothing daintie of committing Actions of Trespasses had trenched with the furthest upon the Landgraves Royalties and the Cities priviledges This was another of the greevances Towards this Hirschfeld therefore so soon as he came from the King the Landgrave converts his forces He cleeres Hirschfeld The Generall Fugger was already gone out of his countrey hasting to be one at the Battle of Leipsich by which meanes had the Landgrave the better opportunity to bring the place to a composition That done he about the middle of the moneth advances Westward unto Fritzlar with the 5000 men afore mentioned This handsome towne though scituated upon the river Eder within the boūds of Hassia close unto the Frontiers of Waldeck yet belonged it unto the Archbishop Elector of Mentz and had beene often heretofore quarrelled at by the former Landgraves The garrison answeres his summons as if they held for Iupiter in thunder and lightning namely such as they could make with their ordnance The Landgrave replies as if he had Commission from Vulcan for having gained to the gate by his Approaches he claps to a Petard by that breach his soldiers rush into the City Then would the garrison have compounded Takes Fritzlar but soldiers whose very vocation suffers them not to be too tender-hearted use not when victorious to listen too suddenly to the word Quarter The Execution being over the towne is plundered and doe the Landgrave what he could with his drawn sword to beate off his owne people yet for 2 houres together they flew upon the spoile The Landgrave gave as good order as the present furie would hearken to for the sparing of the Ecclesiasticks for all which a many soldiers came Masking abroade in the Monks and Friers Cowles and Habits the rude Forrestiers perchance mistooke the Monks in their severall Weedes for some strange wilde beasts such as they used to kill in the woods and to goe marching home with the skinnes upon their shoulders The Hassians shewed the more spleene against this towne for that the Governour had scoffed heretofore at their Landgrave had plundered 2 of his dorps in the jurisdiction of Girdersberg and disarmed the soldiers that defended them