pro corpus humi prosternere antiquitus accipitur vt videre est in Esth. Apoc cap. 13. com 20. Aemilio Probo in Conone alibi Tacitus will enough explane Nec deerat Otho protendens manus adorare vulgum iacere oscula omnia seruilitèr pro Dominatione But the Falling down added to the Adoration was the greatest and the Persian honor vsed towards their Potentats Kings Thence haue you adorari more Persarum 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Which is exprest by Euripides thus personating Phrygius to Orestes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And Ipse saith Lampridius of Alexand. Seuorus adorari se vetuit that is with the Diuine respect of kissing the hand quum iam caepisset Heliogabalus adorari Regum more Persarum Another of u Trebellius Pollio in 30. Tyrannis videsis Theophil Ad Autolic lib. 1. de adorando Caesare Zenobia Adorata est more ReguÌ„ PersaruÌ„ Whence Seneca x De Beneficijs 2. cap. 12. speaking of Caligula's offring his foot to kisse saies he was homo natus in hoc vt mores liberae Ciuitatis Persicâ seruitute mutaret But in Alexanders turning the Grecian libertie into this seruitude Q. Curtiê° expresses it by venerari procumbre humi corpus prosternere And therof saith Iustin Retentus est à Macedonibus mos salutandi Regis explosa adoratione Wheras plainly Adoration Salutation with a kisse of the hand is all one in the right sense of the word How much the greatest kind of adoratioÌ„ is vsed to the Great Duke of Moscouy the King of Calecut the great Chan the Turk and such more you may easily see in RelatioÌ„s of their States How the Iewish Nation auoided it the story of Haman Mordechai discouers And you may remember y Pet. Vict. Hist. septenarie liure 1. Philip II. of Spain his answer to the Embassadors of Germany reprouing him because he wold haue euery man speak to him kneeling He excused it only lest he being so short his taller subiects should be aboue him But among the Persians z Xenoph. Cyropaed 1. 5. in Agesilao also it was in vse to Kisse at their Farewells as likewise among the a Gen. 31. 28. Iewes And som think that it was as an honor in the Roman state to their women whom their b Plutarch problem Rom. 6. v. cum de virt Mulier Plin. lib. 14. cap. 12. alios kinsmen only not others indifferently as the vse was betwixt Men kist at their salutations although diuers other reasons are deliuered for that matter And when Eumaeus in the fields first saw his yong maister Telemachus newly come home c Odyss 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he met him he kist his head his eyes and both his hands And when the Argonautiques came to Chirons Den to see Achilles Chiron entertaind them and d Orpheus in Argonautic 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 kist euery one of them Where and in other examples it appears that a kisse giuen and taken was accounted as a speaking and mutuall signe of obsequious e v. si vis C. de Domestic l. 1. ibid. DD. vbi ad osculum admitti honos maximus or peacefull loue according to the qualitie of the Persons receiuing and giuing And in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is both to loue and to kisse as it is also to this purpose obserued I remember somewhere in Xenophon So I vnderstand Laban's kissing of Iacob and Esan's also although a Iewish f Rabbi Ianna ap Buxtorf Thesaur Gram. 1. cap. 5. fable supposes that he fell on Iacob to bite him and that Iacobs neck presently became as hard as marble and so resisted his teeth In like manner vnderstand that of the g D. Luc. 7. com 45. Euangelist Thou gauest me no kisse but shee from the time I came to her ceased not from kissing my feet and sufficient analogie is twixt this kind and the Holy Kisse or Kisse of Charity in the Primitiue Church which is spoken of in the holy Epistles and with which Christians after * Tertullian lib. de Orat. Origen lib. 10. in Epist ad Rom. c. 16. their solemn prayers vsed to salute each other In the storie also of Thomas of Canterburie vnder our Henry I 〈◊〉 soft as elswhere occurres the receiuing him in Osculo Pacis It hath been vsed to the Feet in Homages done vpon inuestitures as you may h Ms. vet apud Camd. vide G. Gemiticens lib. 2. cap. 17. De fide data osculo libato porrectâ dextrâ vide Suid. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 see in that of Rollo or Robert first Duke of Normandie receiuing the Dutchy from Charles the simple and such more Hence at this day it so farre continues that when the Tenant doth Homage to his Lord or King he is among other ceremonies to kisse him whereupon in time of Henry VI. a great plague i Rot. Parl. 18. Hen. 6. artic 5â— being about London a peticion was put vp in Parliament desiring the King for his owne preseruation To ordain and grant so are the words of the Roll by the autoritie of this present Parliament that eueriche of your said lieges in the doing of their said Homage may omit the said Kissing of you and be excused thereof at your will the Homage being of the same force as though they kissed you and haue their letters of doing of their Homage the kissing of you omitted notwithstanding and the subscription is Le Roy le voet as the vsuall words of his consent are And for the subiects to kisse their King I read k R. Abenezra ap Drus. Obseru 2. cap. 16. it was vsuall in India whereas on the other side those of Numidia more gentis suae nulli mortalium osculum ferebant Which my l Ualer Max. l b. 2. cap. 6. autor commends in them and giues this his reason Quicquid n. in excelso fastigio positum est humili trita consuetudine quo sit venerabilius vacuum esse conuenit But of Kissing too much It must be then concluded that to such Princes as haue their own right next vnder God as our Soueraigns and diuers other may well be challenged with respect to what they Rule any Title that the Emperors haue had to expresse them as Monarchs or great Potentats those other Kings hauing their Monarchies regarding the particular libertie of euery ones Country as in supreme and sure right 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 m Aristot. Politic 3. cap. 10. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. by reason of their lawfull succession as any Emperor possibly could haue The Latin Greek and the chief Eastern tongues for KING are before mentioned In the Prouinciall languages or Romances as the French and Spanish are called I l Re Roy Re are plainly from Rex But the Dutch Danish and English word Coning Konig
name imposed presently vpon his Peleg 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 est diuidiâ— Gen. 10. 25. birth by reason of that Diuision And how could his name be by reason of the Diuision before it And it is questionles that Peleg was borne CI. yeers after the Floud which falls by this calculation into the XXXIX of Nimrod But Abraham plainly was borne CXCI. years after Peleg how then could Nimrod and Abraham be coetaneall I know the accounts of diuers ancient writers are in this point of the continuance of this Empire out of which as à posteriori the beginning is found much differing both among themselues and from what is before deliuered as those which occurre in p V. Lips ad 1. Vell. Paterculi si placet Thalum ap Lactant Instit. 1. cap. 23. Paterculus Eusebius Orosius and others and some Grecians haue made Nimrods beginning to bee q Cedrenus Glycas alij DC XXX yeers from the Floud others more against apparant truth of Scripture others of later times placing him diuersly But I see none so neer most probable coniecture as the learned Christopher Heluicus whose laboriously composed and most vsefull Historicall Theatre in this and other of this nature affoords instructing helpes And whereas the fabulous traditions of some Europeans make Semyramis the autor of Babylon it was deliuered for most false long since by r Ioseph 1. ad Appionem Berosus he was Belus his Priest in Babylon and some s Q. Curt. lib. 5. ancients of this part of the world also haue iustly followed him attributing it to Belus which euen holy writ proues to be the work of Nimrod So some will haue Ninus the builder of Nineueh which profane Storie also calls Ninus whereas vpon good reason out of greatest authoritie Nimrod was he that built it In Genes x. Hee went out of the land he means Shinaghr into Assyria and built Nineueh But I know the vsuall translation hath it otherwise that out of the land went Assur and built Nineueh But Assur is not before that time as a proper name of a man spoken of in holy Writ neither in that passage is there a declaring of Sems posteritie in which Assur was but of Chams onely And the holy tongue endures either of the interpretations as hath been by the learned heretofore obserued It may possibly be that its name was from Ninus successor and sonne to Nimrod For in that Nation the first Citie built was titled according to the name of the builders sonne as appeares in the Storie of Came and Enoch The Ebrew orthography of it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 composed as it were of Nin and Neueh which may well signifie the Habitation or Citie of Nin being easily according to the European course turned to Ninus And Iosephus t Archoeolog Iudaic 9. in hist. Ionae expressely calls it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which words without difficultie giue the same sense with the Ebrew All this is in a manner confirmed by an ancient and most learned u D Hieronym Tradit Ebraicis Father deliuering that the Assyrians ex nomine Nini Beli filij Ninum condiderunt vrbem magnam quam Ebraei appellant Niniuen Which is as if hee had said Nimrod had done it For what were the Assyrians but his subiects The first Empire then began in Asia vnder Nimrod the same with Belus called also Arbelus or Arbylus King ouer the Babylonian and Assyrian territories chiefly hauing in them his two Cities royall but extending his power ouer the greatest part of the inhabited neighboring country Why he was called Belus is no wonder Take it not as a name proper to him while hee liued But referre it to an effect of Idolatrous application after his death For whether adoration of Statues began in Sherugs daies as is vsually deliuered out of x Euseb. in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Epiph. in prolegomcnis ancient authoritie or whensoeuer it is certaine by all probabilitie that sacred Statues were first such as had been made in memorie of some best beloued and most honored great men or of their fathers ancestors children wiues or deerest friends being y Hinc idoluÌ„ dictum est si Diophanti fides apud Fulgent Mythologic 1. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quasi species doloris Quod sane linguae sanctâ— optimé conucnit in quâ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Dolores simulachia dicuntur Psal. 106. 38. 39. alibi Originatio autem idololatriae ad hunc modum docetur 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 cap. 14 ab Epiphanio in prolâ—gom Iul. Firmico de errore Profan Religionum alijs v. si placet Ciceronem de consolatione dead To these were at length by flatterie of seruants and sycophants of such as had erected the Statues giuen diuine worship and ceremonies with suffumigations crownes of flowers and other rites which to the dead of later time by the Gentiles haue been vsed beeing at first inuented by them for such as they stiled Gods And as the ceremonies due to their Deities so as a consequent grew the names of them also at last to be applied to those whom the Statues had first honored Now it is not vnknown to any that the Babylonians held their greatest God to be Bel which is the same with the Phoenician and Punique Baal the difference proceeds only out of the Ebrew and z 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaldaeis Ebraicè auâ—em i. Punicè 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 dictus est ElementuÌ„ n. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaldaeis saepiùs excidit à Grammaticis obseruatur Dâ—minum vero interpretatur Chaldean dialects and was first vnderstood for the Sunne whom they called a Sanchoniathon apud Euseb. Parasc Euangelic 〈◊〉 Baal-samaim that is the Lord of Heauen and in substance euen by Idolatrous origination was the same with Iupiter Olympius Pan Apollo and the rest of their greater Gods differing in name only as Baal-pheor Baalzebub Moloâ—h and the rest did in Palestine whence it seemes the Lacedemonians had their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for the Sunne as Hesychius is author and perhaps the Phrygians and Thurians b Scholiast ad Aeschyli Persas Hesych in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 their word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for a King and the Western parts their Belenus Belinus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Herodian calls him or c Scalig. Auson lect 1. cap. 9. Abellio as an old inscription found in Guienne For all these names that Apollo hath which the Gaules and Britons worshipt and to whom the Druids sacrificed at the cutting down of their Mistletoe expressing him in their language d Plin. hist. Nat. 16. cap. 44. Omnia sanans which euery Schoole-boy knowes also to bee proper to Paean the same with Phoebus And that Belin is no other then Apollo is both proued out of an old e Ausonius in profess Burdegal Poet of Gaule calling his Priest Phoebitius Necreticebo
is renewd and vsed and in the very infancie of their rule was affected by them It s iustified by this imperfect title of Orchan Giazi sonne to the first Othoman his Letters to the States of the e Adam Myrimuth Chronic. Angl. Ms. Saracens in Afrique and Spain for their innasion of the Christian Spain writen about M. CCC XL. and translated by a Captiue Saracen into Latin and thence into Spanish and afterward into French sent in certain Letters of State intelligence to our K. Edward III. I will not alter a letter otherwise then my Ms. author directs me De moy GOLDIFA vn ley EXERIF SAVDAN seignior sages fort puissant Seignior de la mesen de Mek du seint hautesse en la sue saint vertu fesant Iustices hauts basses constreignant sur toux constreignants seignior du Railm di Turky de Percye retenour des terres de Hermenye seignior de la * 〈◊〉 Dobble de les dobbles de la mere meruailouse per ceinor de les febles ore auutz en laseint ley Mahomet seignior de la fort espee de Elias de Dauid que tua my book instructs me no further but is here torn But without doubt that Goldifa is but Chalipha How easily the difference comes any man may see I haue faithfully transcribd it but confesse I vnderstand not all the words in it The matter is apparant The word Chaliph is deriud into Arabique from the Ebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which with difference of dialect is the same in Syriaque and properly signifies vice or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For where in S. Matthew cap. 11. it is rememberd that Archelaus reigned 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. in stead of Herod the Syriaque hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chealaph Herodes In Arabisme it is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chaliph i. saith Raphalengius Successor Vicarius Imperator And the Persian Sophi hath vsd this title The first Schach Ismael on one side of his Coins had stampt Ismael Caliph Millah i. Ismael the successor or Vicar of God Why in those letters he is calld Un ley exarif I wholly conceiue not But plainly that of Exarif is the title of Xeriph or Sheriph which is somtimes put in their stiles Notum saith the painfull and learned a Pandect cap. 3. Leunclaw quanto sint apud Mahumetanos in honore qui recta linea tam a Propheta Mahumete quod ab Ali Mahumetis genero descendunt aut se fingunt descendere Hi Turcis Tartarisque SEITHI vulgo dicuntur Arabibus autem SERIPHAE quos maximâ sane veneratione atque obseruantia quum prosequantur etiam ipsi Sultani SERIPHARVM b Idem est quod Iariffe in Litt. Imperatoris Maroci Hispanicè editis ab Hackluito Tom. 2. part 2. pag. 118. 119. adpellatione velut Augustiores se reddere volunt The word interprets High or Noble The late publisht Lexicon thus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sheriphun Celsus llustris inclytus nobilis Augustus But to make Seriph equiualent in analogie with Syncellus which was the next degree in Constantinople to the Patriarch and to haue like regard to Chaliph as some haue done is but I think a piece of Graecian vanitie The name Saudan is there what elswhere is often Soldan but should be prorounced Sultan And the Grand Signior is somtimes stiled Sultan Olem i. Lord of the World But Sultan is vsually in his stile and signifies only Dominus most properly c 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Eccles. cap. 8. com 4 est potentia siue Dominiū â 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Dominari Com. 8. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Potens siue Dominus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sultan i. Rector or Dominus And as in Rome the Salutations were by Domine so in Turkey they say Sellam aleich Sultanu i. Peace be to you Sir as Georgiuitz deliuers The word occurres in Writers both Greek and Latine of later times very often The Latins haue it Saladinus somtimes In Letters from Selim the II. to the state of Venice sent about M. D. LXX of Christ and written in most barbarous a Crus Turco-Graec lib. 4. Epist 60. Greek thus is he stiled 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 with a large reckoning vp of Prouinces and Dominions 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Sultan Selim Prince of Constantinople New Rome c. Lord and King of what is comprehended in our sight vnder the Sunne That Aphentes is but a corrupted word from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which the later Grecians call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. a Lord or such like their custom being vsuall in proper names and diuers other words to make the termination in 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Letters lately sent from Achmet the now Grand Signior to the States of the Low Countries he is only stiled Sultan Achmet Cham as the English Copie speaks and in their Coins the attribute of Honor is Sultan only But most commonly their Titles were wont to bee exceeding copious of attributes with which or the like they now vse to ouer-load those Princes to whom they write whereof in the end of this Chapter more To Selim the first his statue in his sonne Solymans Bed-chamber was added b Lonicer Chronic. Tom. 1. lib. 1. an inscription thus exprest in Latine Soldanus Selimus Ottomanus Rex Regum Dominus Omnium Dominorum Princeps omnium Principum Filius Nepos Dei But Sultan is not proper solely to the Grand Signior As most of the other names and the like in other States it is communicated Hee stiles himself somtime Amir also i. a Lord or Prince In Arabisme 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I know this is oft giuen most anciently to Chaliphs and Lieutenants and such like and is at this day to others Of c Vide supra pag. 49. Et cap. vlt. lib. secundi Amirs more anon But it being put with the maiestique addition of Great only signifies the Grand Signior A Persian and a Mahumedan d Sampsat Sphach Musulman Epist. ad Melet. Monachum liuing neer the beginning of the Ottomanique Empire calls all Turkey * i. The Country of the Great Amir 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 alone is found in the Lady Anne hir Alexias Phranzes and such more and Cedren speaking of Abubachar the first successor of Mahumed saies that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. He was Amir 11. yeers and a half and then died At this name Matthew Paris ghest in his Admirabiles other in their Admiralli Ammiralli and the like which the autors of the holy warres are full of Admiraulx as De Ionuille alwayes cals them But the most ancient and proper title they vsd is with addition thus Amir-elmumunin i. Rex Orthodoxorum or Fidelium which the Arabique thus expresses 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the same sound and sense And Mahumed in the Alcoran is often calld the chief of the Beleeuers And where Beniamin
Princeps Principum the Prince of Princes as the elder Valerian was expressely titled in letters of an Eastern King Of the Egyptian Sesostris before How the Western Emperors affected it I remember not only as you know the iest of Maximilian was that whereas others were Reges Hominum hee was Rex Regum because his subiects would do what they list It s found among the titles of our Soueraigns Ancestors when vnder them they had Kings for subiects In a Charter made to the Abbey of Malmesbury in DCCCC LXXIV you may read Ego Edgarus totius Albionis Basileus necnon maritimorum seu Insulanorum Regum circumhabitantium And in o Pat. 1. Ed. 4. part 6. memb 23 Pro Pr. Conuentu Wigorn. another DCCCC LXIV the subscription is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ego Edgar Basileus Anglorum Imperator Regum Gentium Note the Maiestie of his title well iustified by his own conquests Ille cum ingenti Classe saith Florence of Worcester septentrionali Britanniâ circumnauigatâ ad Legionum Vrbem vnderstand Chester not Leicester as some idly appulit Cui Subreguli eius octo Kinathus scilicet Rex Scotorum Malcolmus Rex Cumbriae Maccus plurimarum Rex Insularum this Maccus is in Malmesbury called Maccusius Archipirata I suppose him then a King of Ireland Man or some adiacent Isles alij quinque Dufnallus Siffrethus Hudwallus Inchillus all Kings of Wales vt mandarat occurrerunt quod sibi fideles terra mari cooperatores esse vellent iurauerunt Cum quibus die quadam scapham ascendit illisque ad remos locatis ipse clauum gubernaculi arripiens per cursum fluminis Deae peritè gubernauit glorying afterward to his Nobilitie tunc demùm quémque suorum successorum se gloriari posse Regem Anglorum fore cum tot Regibus sibi obsequentibus potiretur pompâ talium p Non Bonorū vt in vulgat Cod. Florent Wigorn. pag. 359 honorum The like almost being before in his vncle Athelstan who as Malmesburies words are Ludwalum Regem Omnium Wallensium I read Occidentalium Wallensiam as Florence of Worcester and Roger of Houeden peswade and that Ludwal was Howel Dha Constantinum Regem Scotorum cedere Regnis compulit Quos in non multò post miseratione infractus in antiquum statum sub se regnaturos constituit gloriosius esse pronuncians Regem facere quam Regem esse not much differing from that Martel of France on whose Tomb was q Hierom. Bignon De l'excell des Roys liure 3. written Non vult Regnare sed Regibus imperat ipse imitated in more true verse thus C'est ce Martel le Prince de François Non Roy de nom mais le maistre des Roys For that of Athelstan because some slight the report and endure r V. Buchanan Rer. Scotic 6. Reg. 75. not vsuall autorities hereof you may see the concent of Ethelwerd Houeden Florence of Worcester Marian the Scot which for good part is very Florence of Worcester his common Chronicle publisht beeing but a Defloration composd by Robert of Lorrain Bishop of Hereford vnder Hen. 〈◊〉 Huntingdon and other ancients But those commanding honors in Edgar added enough also to the allowance of the title of Emperor which you see he vsed Others by making our Soueraigns as successors in this part to Constantine the great confirm it It s the more to be regarded comming from a great Lawier and a Palatine s Basing stoch hist. 2. not 20. Doctor who commenting vpon a piece of that fabulous Oracle of Diana giuen to Brute Hic de prole tua Reges nascentur ipsis Totius terrae subditus Orbis erit makes it fulfilled in Constantine and cites S. Gregorie writing to K. Ethelbert of Kent eum quasi Constantini Magni successorem alioquentem I confesse his Genius must haue better vnderstanding of S. Gregorie then mine or els there is no such matter to be collected in him You may see his t Gregor lib. 9. Epist. 59. 60. Epistles But hee may not be blam'd for insisting vpon Constantines birth here It s most likely that in Britain he was born Liberauit ille saith u Panegyric dixerint licet v. Panegyric Facerem one to him speaking of his father Constantius Britannias seruitute tu etiam nobiles illîc Oriendo fecisti which Testimony I preferre before Nicephorus Callistus affirming his birth at Drepanum in Bithynia or x Mathes lib. 1. Iulius Firmicus that saies at Tarsus or Cedren that writes in Dacia I doubt not but the Panegyrist could as well know as any of them and better saue only Firmicus whose passage thereof may well be thought corrupted The other two being of much later time Lipsius here y De Magnit Rom. 4. cap. 11. erroneously follows Callistus and one Leuinaeus a new Scholiast vpon the Panegyriques after him His mother was z De hâc Heroinâ post alios innumeros consulas Luitprand Ticinen hist. 1. cap. 8. vbi legendum Britannica mater non Ritannica vt in procusorum nonnullis Helen shee is honourd in the Church to this day in the Feast of Hir Inuention of the Crosse a British woman and as is supposed daughter to King Coil But for his birth in this Isle you shall haue imperiall autoritie of which as vsed to this purpose I dare challenge the maidenhead Constantine Porphyrogennetes hee was Emperor of Constantinople about DCCC XX. aduising his sonne Romanus that hee should by no means marrie a stranger because all Nations dissonant from the gouernment and manners of the Empire by a law of Constantine the Great establisht in S. Sophies Church were prohibited the heigth of that Honor excepted only the Franks addes reason of the excption 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Constantine the Great 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because Constantine was born amongst them which could aime at no other country but Britain For where in Europe hath any man supposed him born but here or in Dacia And the barbarousnes of Dacia in those times could not admit the exception by all likelyhood And who knows not that familiar vse of Franks for Western Europeans among the Constantinopolitans of later times The tradition then acknowledged by his successors preserued mongst vs and appearing in such monuments of ancient times cannot easily be impugned And for men of this age Our light of Britain most learned Camden Clarenceulx and that great Chronologer Cardinal Baronius are confident on this part Hereto take an antique a Robert Glocestrens ms hist. metricâ rime spoken as to King Arthur Now it worth iended that Sibile the sage sed biuore That there ssold of Brutaine thre men be ybore That ssold win the Aumpire of Rome of tweyydo it is As of b Belinus Bely Constantin thou art the thred iwis But none of these so really iustifie the supreme title of Emperor in our Soueraigns as their own immemorially possest
not the old Maurish the same with Punique or Ebrew Good autority d Procopius de Bell. Vandalic 2. tells vs that in the Tingitana Mauritania where the now Barbarie is at Tingis were two white columnes of Stone erected anciently with an inscription in Phoenician letters they were som say very neer the Ionique or Greek and e Terpsichore de hijs videas Ios. Scalig. ad Eusebium pag. 102. Herodotus expressely affirms so which had seen both kinds to this effect We are fled from the presence of Iosuah Ben-Nun the spoyler Then which what can more apparantly shew the Maures at first to haue had their immediat originall out of Canaan where Ebrew was the language And take then this annotation of the noble Casaubon in another f Animaduers in Tranquill. 1. place In Targum Ionathanis saith he 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 extat notione affine pro Scuto vel clypeo Et fortasse inde est quod Punicâ linguà Elephas Caesar dicebatur quasi Tutamen praesidium Legionum But also speciall reason is giuen for the deriuation from beeing cut out of his mother Read this of Seruius g Ad Aeneidos 10. Honoratus Omnes qui secto matris ventre procreantur ideo Apollini consecrati sunt quia Deus Medicinae est per quam lucem sortiuntur Vnde Aesculapius eius fictus est filius Ita n. eum esse procreatum supradiximus Caesarum etiam familia ideo Apollinis sacra retinebat quia qui primus de eorum familia fuit exsecto matris ventre natus est A too daring conceit and tasting ill of Grammaticall arrogance But whencesoeuer the name is it s taken as the most honorable in the Imperiall Title and Iustinian expressely of it in his Letters h 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to one Iohn his Lieutenant of the East 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. We are graced with this note of Imperiall Maiesty more then with any other And the Germans at this day vse the word Keyser from Caesar for the Emperor generally From Iulius his Nephew Octauius had this name left to him by Testament In ima cera saith Sueton Caium Octauium in familiam noménque adoptauit Afterward this Octauius in the Senat was honord with the Title of Augustus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as Dio's words are i. as if he had been somwhat more then Humane And non tantum nouo so Sueton speaks sed etiam ampliore cognomine quòd loca quoque religiosa in quibus auguratò quid consecratur Augusta dicantur ab auctu vel ab auium gestu gustuue and for the word cites that of Ennius Augusto augurio postquam inclyta condita Roma'st Some xv yeers after Iulius slaine on i Censorin de Die Natali cap. 21. Se VII Vipsan Agripp III. Coss. the XVI Kl. of February that is the XVII day of Ianuary vpon motion of L. Munacius Plancus this Title was giuen him and thence is the Epocha of the Anni Augustorum as they call it to bee accounted The Greeks turn Augustus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Venerable Certainly it came from Augeo beeing a word proper in Sacrifice as Augere Hostias which the learned Casaubon remembers I adde also that in just like forme the Greeks had their 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 k Isthmiac Od. 4 Pindar hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 as if he had said Augemus hostias or inferias And in Sextus Pompeius Augustus is interpreted Sanctus For things sacrificed haue venerable respect towards them and diuers Inscriptions to Gods and Goddesses are extant with Augusto or Augustae The name hath been applied to others then only the Roman Emperors some Testimony l Guilielmus Nothus Augustus dictus 10. Bodin de Rep. 2. cap. 2. hath giuen it to our William the first And the French had their Philippus Augustus in the description of whose life an m Rigord in prooem ad Vit. Philippi Aug. Ancient thus salutes his Reader Miramini quod in prima fronte huius operis voco Regem AVGVSTVM Augustos n. vocare consueuerunt scriptores Caesares qui Remp augmentabant ab augeo auges dictos Vnde iste meritó dictus est Augustus ab auctâ Republica Adiecit enim Regno suo totam Viromandiam i. the territorie about S. Quintins quam praedecessores sui multo tempore amiserant multas alias terras redditus etiam regni plurimùm augmentauit This Philip raigned about M. CIXXX Frederique Barbarossa then Emperor And long before this Philip their first Christian King had it Ludouicus Rex saith Sigebert so he calls K. Chlouis ab Anastasie Imperatore Codicillos de Consulatu Coronam auream eum Gemmis Tunicam blatteam accepit ex ea die Consul AVGVSTVS dictus est These two of Caesar and Augustus continued in their successors and do at this day The Romans had another kind of multiplying surnames to their Emperors by denominating them so often from Countries or Prouinces as they had done som braue Imperiall act in composing ordering or vanquishing any of them Examples of it are euery where Thence hath Iustinian such a Title with Alemanicus Gotticus Francicus Germanicus Anticus Alanicus Vandalicus Africanus Question not but they had of these oftimes by their Countries flatterie more then desert Appellatus est Commodus they are Lampridius words etiam BRITANNICVS ab adulatoribus quum Britanni etiam Imperatorem contra eum deligere voluerunt If the denomination were subiect to a ridiculous interpretation som of them abstaind from it As when Aurelian had the day of the Carpi a people vpon the Riuer Donaw in the now Hungarie and heard that the Senat would needs name him Carpicus hee presently writes to n Flau. Vopiscus them Superest P. C. vt me etiam Carpisculum vocetis For indeed Carpisculus interpreted a kind of shooe which made him dislike the Equiuoque Although on the other side the wicked Caracalla was proud of his title Germanicus o AEl Spartianus not only as it respected his German victories but withall as it alluded to the murdering of his brother signified by Germanus affirming that if he had conquerd the Lucani hee would haue been calld Lucanicus as ridiculous a denomination as Lucanica signifying a kind of Hogs-pudding whence the Romans calld such as were great eaters p Amm. Marcellin hist. 28. Lucanicus cum Pordaca c. Lucanici The Egyptian Kings in holy writ vntill Salomons time are all calld Pharaoh's It was no proper name but only a title which euery one of them had For in prophane story you haue other particular names for them Him vnder whom Ioseph was prisoner som make Themosis others in errors of Chronologie supposing Themosis to be the Pharaoh drownd in the red Sea and that his fathers name q Manethon apud Ioseph adu App. 〈◊〉 was Alisfragmuthosis But later and more curious computation places the Israelites comming out of Egypt vnder Armais Pharaoh and Cedren
vs furthermore that their Prince is not properly stiled Emperor of the Abassins but of the Ethiopians The Arabians cal them m Terra Hhabas Ethiopia Ben 〈…〉 min. Tudelens Itinerar pag. 101. Elhabasen from the same reason as we Abassins but they are known to themselues only by the name of Ithiopiawians Of this Belul Gian is made that Beldigian by which Luis de Vretta a Spanish Frier saies they call their Emperor But Bodin notes in his margine to his 1. de Rep. cap. IX that his name is Iochabellul i. gemma pretiosa as he saies I cannot but preferre the testimony of Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Priest which in this could not deceiue But plainly as the name of Presbyter Ioannes is idly applied to him so it had its cause vpon another mistaking For in the trauails of such as first discouerd to any purpose those Eastern States as they were of later time is mention n Pol. Venet l. 1. cap. 51. seq Ioh. de Plano Carpini c. 5. Will de Rubruquis Itinerar made of one Vncham or Vnchan a great Monarch in those parts where now the Gâ—eat Cham or Chan of Cathay hath his Dominion and him they call Presbyter Ioannes and write that one Cinchis whom they fained to haue been begotten on a poore widow by the Sunne beames as chosen King among the Tartars rebelling against this Vncham ouercame him and from this Cinchis the Tartarian Monarchie hath its originall And some more particulars of it you haue in the life of S. Lewes of France written by De Ionuille a noble Baron of France that was with him in the holy warres Hee calls him in his French Prebstre Iehan This relation is of about M. C. XC and hath made the readers confound the corrupted names of both Princes twixt whom too great distance was to haue the one deriud from the other And some o Aloys Cadamust Nauigat cap. 60. Lud. Vartomann Nauigat 2. cap. 15. vide si placet Gerardi Mercatoris Geographiam trauellers into those parts haue expressely deliuerd them both as one But the Diuine Scaliger teaches that the Asiatique Vncham and his predecessors were calld 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Prestigiani that is in Persian Apostolique and so had the name of Padescha Prestigiani i. Apostolique King because of his Religion being a Kind of Christian as Beldigian is also which in Ethiopique-Chaldé must be exprest by Negush Chawariawi Doubtles the community of sound twixt Prestigiani Presbyter and Precious Gian was a great cause of this error which vntill the Portugalls further acquaintance with the Ethiopians alwayes possest Europe But I wonder how the learned Munster was so much in this matter deceiud that hee supposes the Ebrew Epistle printed in his Cosmographie beginning 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Ego Pristijuan to be as sent from the Ethiopian Emperor especially sith hee took notice of both the Asiatique and African Prince abusd in the name of Presbyter Ioannes The Prestigians affirming in it that Thomas the Apostle was buried in his country makes plain enough that it came from the Eastern parts if not counterfeited The title likewise is much differing from what the Beldigian vses I will onely adde one example out of Beldigian Dauid his Letters to p Damian à Goes Pope Clement VII in Latine thus In Nomine Dei c. Has literas is ego Rex mitto cuius nomen Leones Venerantur Dei gratia vocor Athani Tinghil that is the Frankincense of the Virgin Filius Regis Dauid filius Solemonis filius de manu Mariae Filius Nau per carnem filius Sanctorum Petri Pauli per gratiam Pax sit tibi iuste Domine c. The like is in diuers Letters thence to the Kings of Portugall But for that name of Cham in the Tartarian Empire it signifies Lord or Prince and that Cinchis or Cangius Cingis or Tzingis for by these names he is known was calld Cinchis Cham his sonne and successor Hoccota Cham or rather Chahan or Chan although a q Matth. à Michow de Sarmat Asian lib. 1. c. 8. Polonian which seemd to haue much knowledge in that his neighboring country long since deliuerd thus Imperator eorum Tartarorum Ir Tli Ki lingua ipsorum hoc est liber homo dicitur Dicitur Vlu Cham quod sonat Magnus Dominus siue Magnus Imperator Vlu n. magnus Cham vero Dominus Imperator est Eundem aliqui magnum r Dog Imperator Canis dictus est vbique Odorico in Itinerario I. de Plano Carpini Canem dixerunt male interpretati sunt quia Vlu Cham non significat magnum Canem Cham etenim cum aspiratione Dominum Imperatorem Et Cam sine aspiratione cruorem nunquam canem sermone Tartarorum designat For the translation of s Haithon Arâ—â— floruit Monachus sub A. 1290. Câ—râ—hâ—nus item dictus Antonius Haithon the Armenian out of French into Latine by Salconi A. M. CCC VII hath vsually Can not Cham. And the Turkish which is but Tartarian interprets Prince by Chan not Cham and Chanoglan with them is the Sonne of the Prince or Lord. Yet in Chambalu i. the Court of the Tartar the m is well permitted because of pronunciation The Turks also call this Emperor Vlu Chan in the same signification as à Michow hath written neither do their Grand Signiors abstain from this title of Chan. Amurad or Morad the III. vsd it ordinarily thus Sultan Murad Chan bin Sultan Selim Chan elmuzaferu daima i. Lord Murath Prince sonne to Lord Selim Prince alwaies Victorious Where note with t Pandect Turcic cap. 3. hist. Musulmanic 2. Leunclaw the agreement of their Alwaies victorious with semper Augustus semper innictus In their Ottomanique line is one Carachan Kara Han in R. Zaccuth sonne of Cutlugeck which had hence that last part of his name And in those great * Epist. Petr. Arch. Russiae ap Matth. Paris pag. 875. irruptions of the Tartars about the beginning of the Othomanique Empire occurre the names of Great Princes Tartar Chan Thesyr Chan Chuis Chan and such more But amongst them diuers are mâ—â—printed with Than for Chan and one is called Chiarthan which I doubt not but should be Chiar or Car Chan. So in Friossart you haue Lamorabaquin plainly for Almurath Chan and in De Ionuille Barbaquan * Verùm Aggeres Militares idiomate illo Opientali Barbicanae dictae vnde forsan illud nomen Albert Aquens hist. Hicrosolym 6. cap. 10. Emperor of Persia whose last termination is perhaps this Chan. Constantin u De administ Rom. Imper. cap. 40. Porphyrogenetus speaking of som Turks which anciently planted themselues in the Eastern part of Europe â—â—ies that ouer them as Iudges were two Princes calld Gylas and Carchan But saith hee Gylas and Carchan are not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. not proper names but Dignities What Gylas is I confesse I haue
name as designing only a Goddesse or Starre of sight generally which Cubar will well endure And those Eastern parts had euer anciently the Moon vnder both Sexes in their Deuotions Lunus k Spartian in Caracall vbi consulendus V. Cl. Is. Casaubonus and Luna Which seems not of yonger beginning then the adoration of the Sunne among the Persians which as the Crescent now to the Mahumedans was in some sort vsed and set vpon their Royall pauillions Patrio more Persarum saith l Curt. lib. 3. Xenophon lib. 8. Cyropaediae Curtius traditum est orto sole demùm procedere die iam illustri signum è tabernaculo Regis buccinâ dabatur Super tabernaculum vnde ab omnibus conspici possit image Solis crystauo inclusa fulgebat But of their Moon thus much And thus much of the Externall Ensigns of Maiestie Other particulars there are to this purpose But either so obsolet that our Age hath not to do with them as the carrying of Fier before the Persian and Roman Emperors the Ius Capillitij of France and the like Or so peculiar to some only that they are rather to be referd to the Countries custome and Ceremonie then Royall Maiestie TITLES OF HONOR SECOND PART PRinceps and Princeps Iuuentutis Caesar when first the Title for the apparant successor Rex Romanorum Despote Sebastocrator Caesar Panhypersebastus in the Eastern Empire The Despotes Crown An Innominat Title before Despote Daulphin The beginning cause and signification of that name in the French heirs Humbert Daulphin his Epitaph in Paris The Salique law and its interpretation Goropius his coniesture why the Franks allow not Womens gouernment Monsiuer title of the Brother and heire The custome of the French Peers being at the Queens Childbirth Clyto Clitunculus for the Saxon Princes Etheling or Adeling Errors of Polydore Duke of Normandie Prince of Wales when begun as proper to the Eldest son and heire of England Duke of Cornwall Prince of Scotland Duke of Rothsay Steward of Scotland Earldom of Rosse by Act of Parliament made as Appanage to the second sonnes in Scotland Infanta of Spain Prince of Astura The Pragmatica of Philip II. for writing to the Infanta of Spain CHAP. I. TO auoid the danger of an ensuing Anarchie as well in Electiue as Hereditarie Monarchies a designation hath vsually been of the next APPARANT HEIRE or successor and that by some honorary name In In the first of the Roman Empires infancie successors were by adoption appointed and stil'd Principes Iuuentutis The first example was in Octauian his adoption of Caius and Lucius sonnes of his daughter Iulia by Agrippa Yet as is before toucht with them Princeps alone was equiualent with the name of Emperor Otho to his a Tacit. Histor. 1. Annal. 1. Armie Nec priuatum me vocari sustineo Princeps a vobis nominatus nec Principem alio Imperante And of Augustus the same autor Lepidi atque Antonij arma in Augustum cessere qui cuncta discordijs ciuilibus fessa nomine Principis sub imperium accepit Thence came Principatus and b Tertullian lib. adu Hermog Principium to bee abstracts for their Power and Gouernment The affectation of this Title by the Emperors sprang from the vsuall name of Princeps Senatus which was before the Caesars known among them So did they in this preuent innouation Whereupon the dissembling Tiberius often c Dio. hist. 57. affiâ—md himself 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Emperor of the Armie but Prince of the Rest. But those who were constituted for succession had alwaies the addition of Iuuentutis to Princeps which Zonaras turns 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. Prince of the Youth The two adopted by Octauian are exprest by this name in a Coine picturd with them circled thus C. L. CAESARES AVGVSTI F. COS. DESIG PRINC IVVENT in the hands of that noble Mark Velser of Auspourg Others like are extant with that Title being as is supposd worn out of that Ancyran monument where you read EQVITES ROMANI VNIVERSI PRINCIPEM .......... HASTIS ARGENTEIS DONATVM APPELLAVERVNT The defect is supplied by coniecture of two great and most learned Critiques Casaubon and Lipsius with IVV. C. for Iuuentutis Caium And as Princeps Senatus was chief in their Senatorian order in their free State before the Caesarean Empire was the name of Princeps Iuuentutis for a chief in the Ordo Equestris So is the sonne of C. Curio named by d Orat. in Vatinium videâ— Lips Elect. lib. 2. cap. 1. Cicero From Octauian vntill Hadrian this Title remain'd for the apparant successor Thence began Caesar to that purpose For although others before which were apparant successors had that name yet in them it was as a note of their family not of their hope to the Empire But Hadrian by this name adopted Aelius Verus Of him thus Spartian Primus tantùm Caesaris nomen accepit adoptione Adriani familiae principum adscriptus And a little after Nihil habet in vita sua memorabile nisi quod primus tantùm e Iul. Capitoâ—inus in Clod. Albino docet quibus insignibus vti Caesarem licuit ex Epistolâ Commodi Aug. Ad Albinum v. Capitolin in Vero Imp. Caesar est appellatus so Casaubon reads instructed out of a Ms. in the French Kings Library non testamento vt antea solebat neque eo modo quo Traianus est adoptatus sed eo propè genere quo nostris temporibus à vestra Clementia he writes to Diocletian Maximinianus atque Constantius Caesares dicti sunt quasi quidam principum filij Viri designati Augustae maiestatis Haeredes Which disproues the tradition of Aur. Victor that in the adoption of Hadrian by Traian the name of Caesar first was the mark of succession Abhinc diuisa saith he nomina Caesarum atque Augusti inductúmque in Remp. vti duo seu plures summae potentiae dissimiles cognomento ac potestate dispari sint Caesar was then what remains to this day in the Western Empire known more vsually by REX ROMANORVM Which began with the Translation it seems of the Empire out of Greece into France Of the inauguration of Charles le magne writes Sigebert Karolo Regi Imperatorias laudes acclamant eúmque per manum Leonis Papae Coronant Caesarem Augustum appellant Pipinum verò filium eius Regem Italiae Ordinatum collaudant But it s obserud that after Charles surnam'd Crassus all the Emperors before him being meerly hereditarie enioying their Title not so much by Coronation or Vnction as right descendible no other stile was assum'd till Consecration from the Pope but Rex Romanorum and that it being had thenceforth they were all writen Augusti and Imperatores and so in their Charters was it by themselues obserud with Anno Regni so much Imperij so much Quod omnes saith a De Comitijs Imperatorijs Onuphrius posteà eius of Charles the Grosse
also Martiall Either then in imitation of other Nations was that name of Vicecomes applied to our Saxon Ealdormen and Shirifes because their offices were somewhat like Or els being constituted qui vicem iudicum siue Comitum gererent by the King were properly as the ancient and best sort of them in France so calld or as the U carij in the Declining Empire hauing no Superiors which constituted them but the King Howsoeuer the reason of the name giuen by Geruase of Tilburie is much deficient vnlesse in it by a nice construction you make him vse Comes in seuerall Notions He is calld Uicecomes saiâ—h he qued Vicem Comitis suppleat in placitis illis de quibus Comes ex suae Dignitatis ratione participat The errors of Polidore and such that begin our Shirifes at the Norman Conquest are not here worth speaking of or of those which say the word Vicecomes was not here in the Saxon Times But of it as it is with vs Officiarie thus much which I insert because of comparing our Office of that name to the like in France where the Honor proceeded originally from the Office For with vs the Honor and the Office haue no communitie Neither had we any of that Dignitie although the Office in some places hath been hereditary from ancient time vntill Henry VI. He in Parlament made by Patent Iohn of Beaumont Viscount of Beaumont with f Pat. 18. Hen. 6. part 2. memb 2. these words of inuestiture Nomen Vicecomitis de Beaumont Impominus ac ipsum insignijs Uicecomitis de Beaumont realiter inuestimus locumque in Parliamentis Concilijs alijs congregationibus nostris super Omnes Barones Regni nostri Angliae assignamus What those Insignia were then I know not but later time allows him a kind of Coronet without Point or Flowrs on a Cap of Furre But an old Autor g Anth. de la Salle chez L'oyseau des seig cap. 5. of France saies that Le Vicomte est inuesty auec vn verge d'or In Scotland the first Dignity by this name was in Thomas Lord Ereskin created Viscount Felton by our present Soueraigne their Iames the VI. Spain hath some of this Order and Name Twixt Vicount and Count in France is a speciall Dignitie of Princes They haue their names by reason of their Seigneuries erected into Principalities Baro in Cicero and Persius It s signification in Hirtius and old Glossaries Magnus Homo The true deriuation of Baro as it s now Honorarie Mall and Mollabergium Sagibaro Sake or Sach Wittiscalc Saccabor or Sathabor Plea de sakebere Sikerborgh Hondhabend Mainauer Barigild Baro for a man generally and Barones London and the like Ancient and late Barons of France Capitaneus Regis Barn or Beern for a man-child Baron for a husband where vsd Cheorlbearn Saxon Thanes A Saxon Monument of their Dignities Of Eoldormen again somewhat Canutus his Forest Laws misprinted Liberalis and Mediocris Homo A Hyde of Land Hydage and Caruage or Carucage A coniecture vpon Bracton Terra Hydata and non Hydata Minister Minister Regis Tainus The Relief or Heryot anciently in all Barkshire Viro Baro Minister Thanus But the name of Baron not in the Saxon times in England How Barons had their name then The book of Modus Ten. Parliamenti Barones and Pares Baronum Illustres equites Romanorum The Title of Prince not without Barons Barons to subiects and Barones Regis The Value of Reliefs of Dignities When they began certain for a Baronie A coniecture when the value of a Baronie began Court Baron Baronagium and Barnagium Bernage Baronie in our law for Seigneurie Tenere per Baroniam CCL Baronies reckond by Hen. III. His Ordinance touching what Barons should come to Parlament The ancientest sommons extant The Grand Charter first granted A Parlament held XVIII Hen. III. transcribd out of an obscure Roll touching Assises of Darrein Presentment Iuris Vtrum and Certificat of Bastardie with the Barons names subscribd And therein Bracton amended Barons by Writ and by Creation Those two sorts now only in being A respect to the Tenure per Baroniam after the allowing them only the title which were sommond Barons ratione Officij as Abbots and Bishops Chief Baron of England Barons calld Lord or Domini How in legall proceeding Lords Barons and Earles only by Curtesie and Court language Thanes of Scotland Stewarts Abthan The beginning of the Royall name of Stewart there Tosche Ochern The first mention of Barons in Scotish Monuments What their Baron is Pit and Gallows How the name is generally taken there Acts touching which of their Barons must come to Parlament Commissares of the Shire The difference of their Lords and Lairds The English and Scotish Parlamentarie Barons of a superior note then the French Los Ricos hombres Valuasores and Capitanei Regis vel Regni The Feudalls interpreted otherwise then the vulgar opinion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Valuasores minores Minimi Valuasini Vauasors in France Vauassouries Sommage 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vauasors in England Countors Subuasores in Scotland CHAP. VII NExt after Viscounts follow BARONS A title of frequent note in most parts of Christendom and about whose etymologie most disputation and inquirie is Barons are in some Countries in all anciently where they were at all Lords of their denominating Territorie with some Iudiciall gouernment but beneath the Dignities before spoken of both in largenes of Territorie and neernes to Soueraintie and how they differ in substance from other Titles in their Originall what wee shall say of Particular States will best discouer But first for the Name The word alone is very ancient and of pure Latine In Cicero you read a Epist. ad Attic lib. 9. Ep. 11. Apud Patronem reliquos Barones te in maxima gratia posui herculè merito tuo feci And in another place b De Finibus lib. 2. Haec cum loqueris nos Barones stupemus tu videlicet tecum ipse rides And two other passages in him as Elias Uinetus reads them haue Baro in the singular number where some of the publisht books haue and that most properly Verò the coniunction I will confesse that as yet I haue not throughly learnd what Barones signifies to Cicero in his first place yet I know some haue dar'd to think it there vsd as neer to what it now interprets in the Rank of Dignities They shall and may for me I cannot But in the second I am somewhat confident that if the Reading be not corrupt it is not vnfitly exprest into our word Block-head or the Latine Bardus The Text of Tully there iustifies it and a Satyrist that c Persius Satyr 5. vbi videsis Eliam Vinetum that liud vnder Nero by the correction of best Critiques according to best copies hath Iura Sed Iuppiter audiet Eheu Baro regustatum digito terebrare salinum Contentus perages si viuere cum Ioue tendis Where the old Scholiast Cornutus reads