do_v concur_v and_o agree_v with_o the_o law_n of_o oleron_n whereof_o we_o shall_v entreat_v more_o hereafter_o frederick_n the_o second_o king_n of_o denmark_n at_o a_o parliament_n hold_v at_o coppenhaven_n in_o the_o year_n 1561_o have_v abridge_v as_o also_o set_v down_o certain_a act_n or_o statute_n for_o the_o rule_n of_o sea_n matter_n but_o for_o the_o most_o para_fw-it agree_v also_o with_o the_o say_a law_n of_o oleron_n which_o you_o shall_v find_v in_o this_o treatise_n set_v down_o upon_o every_o occasion_n offer_v unto_o i_o to_o make_v application_n of_o they_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n all_o controversy_n and_o difference_n of_o seafaring_a action_n or_o maritime_a cause_n aught_o to_o be_v decide_v according_a to_o the_o sea_n law_n which_o take_v their_o beginning_n from_o custom_n and_o observation_n and_o from_o they_o be_v the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o say_a law_n to_o be_v take_v and_o if_o any_o case_n shall_v fall_v out_o that_o be_v not_o know_v before_o neither_o write_v down_o and_o authorise_v as_o a_o law_n than_o the_o same_o be_v to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o judge_n with_o the_o opinion_n of_o man_n of_o experience_n and_o knowledge_n in_o the_o say_v seafaring_a cause_n and_o herein_o be_v all_o convenient_a expedition_n require_v that_o the_o matter_n may_v be_v summary_o and_o brief_o determine_v especial_o in_o case_n of_o shipwreck_n wherein_o delay_n or_o protraction_n in_o law_n be_v a_o cruelty_n to_o vex_v such_o afflict_a person_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v appellation_n present_a execution_n and_o restitution_n of_o good_n be_v use_v in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n upon_o caution_n first_o find_v by_o the_o spoil_a to_o satisfy_v the_o condemnation_n to_o the_o judge_n if_o there_o be_v just_a cause_n find_v of_o appellation_n maritime_a witness_n in_o cause_n maritime_a and_o to_o this_o end_n also_o it_o be_v permit_v that_o witness_n of_o the_o same_o ship_n may_v be_v examine_v although_o the_o adverse_a party_n be_v not_o call_v thereunto_o merchant_n and_o mariner_n sail_v together_o in_o one_o ship_n may_v bear_v witness_v each_o to_o other_o and_o mariner_n against_o the_o master_n when_o they_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o his_o command_n the_o plaintiff_n be_v to_o find_v surety_n to_o pay_v cost_n and_o damage_n if_o he_o do_v fail_v in_o his_o proof_n and_o the_o defendant_n be_v to_o be_v put_v in_o caution_n to_o satisfy_v the_o sentence_n judicio_fw-la cisti_fw-la &_o iudicatum_fw-la solui_fw-la if_o the_o defendant_n do_v stand_v out_o or_o commit_v a_o comtempt_n by_o not_o appear_v for_o to_o defend_v himself_o or_o his_o ship_n or_o thing_n challenge_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n may_v after_o four_o default_n enter_v deliver_v the_o possession_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n or_o any_o other_o thing_n or_o part_v thereof_o to_o the_o plaintiff_n put_v in_o surety_n for_o one_o year_n and_o a_o day_n and_o if_o the_o party_n appear_v not_o within_o that_o time_n than_o the_o property_n be_v final_o adjudge_v to_o the_o plaintiff_n and_o if_o he_o do_v appear_v within_o the_o time_n offer_v to_o pay_v the_o expense_n and_o put_v in_o caution_n to_o obey_v and_o perform_v the_o definitive_a sentence_n he_o shall_v be_v admit_v but_o this_o caution_n or_o surety_n be_v liable_a absolute_o for_o all_o from_o the_o beginning_n and_o can_v be_v discharge_v as_o a_o bail_n may_v be_v at_o the_o common_a law_n england_n difference_n between_o caution_n in_o the_o admiralty_n and_o bail_v at_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n bring_v in_o the_o party_n at_o convenient_a time_n summons_n and_o citation_n be_v not_o needful_a where_o the_o ship_n or_o good_n in_o question_n be_v forthcoming_a but_o may_v be_v do_v in_o the_o same_o place_n where_o it_o lie_v or_o the_o good_n be_v find_v if_o any_o man_n be_v arrest_v or_o trouble_v for_o the_o like_a matter_n he_o be_v present_o to_o be_v discharge_v upon_o surety_n and_o especial_o mariner_n because_o they_o shall_v not_o be_v hinder_v of_o their_o voyage_n which_o he_o may_v do_v with_o so_o much_o good_n or_o the_o value_n thereof_o as_o he_o have_v within_o shipboard_n at_o the_o judge_n discretion_n for_o it_o be_v intend_v that_o otherwise_o traffic_v and_o commerce_n be_v interrupt_v cahp._n xix_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n the_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n may_v be_v distinguish_v three_o manner_n of_o way_n namely_o regal_a notariall_a and_o verbal_a the_o regal_a contract_n be_v make_v between_o king_n and_o prince_n and_o merchant_n which_o cause_v the_o king_n of_o portugal_n to_o be_v call_v royal_a merchant_n for_o whereas_o the_o venetian_n have_v the_o trade_n for_o spice_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o the_o east_n indies_n solemn_a regal_a contract_n call_v by_o the_o civilians_n solemn_a the_o portugall_n upon_o the_o discovery_n of_o those_o part_n by_o navigation_n do_v bereave_v the_o venetian_n of_o that_o trade_n as_o by_o the_o revolution_n of_o time_n other_o nation_n have_v almost_o compass_v that_o trade_n of_o spice_n and_o take_v the_o same_o from_o the_o portugall_n the_o king_n of_o portugal_n have_v always_o the_o one_o moiety_n of_o the_o pepper_n by_o way_n of_o contract_n and_o for_o that_o they_o will_v contract_v again_o with_o the_o german_n or_o other_o principal_a merchant_n of_o other_o nation_n and_o of_o their_o own_o to_o deliver_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n agree_v upon_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o carracke_n at_o lixborne_n according_a unto_o which_o it_o be_v sell_v again_o with_o reputation_n to_o other_o merchant_n and_o disperse_v into_o diverse_a country_n and_o so_o be_v it_o also_o do_v for_o clove_n and_o mace_n and_o sometime_o for_o indigo_n and_o the_o payment_n be_v make_v by_o assignation_n in_o the_o bank_n of_o madrill_n lion_n and_o bizanson_n and_o sometime_o at_o florence_n and_o other_o place_n hereupon_o be_v the_o contraction-house_n at_o lixborne_n erect_v and_o name_v according_o where_o the_o say_v spice_n and_o commodity_n be_v bring_v and_o sell_v again_o such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n do_v make_v with_o merchant_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o corn_n for_o his_o town_n in_o africa_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o barbary_n as_o ceuta_n mosegam_n tangere_fw-la and_o other_o place_n the_o payment_n whereof_o have_v be_v make_v again_o by_o pepper_n upon_o some_o especial_a contract_n and_o the_o merchant_n have_v thereupon_o also_o make_v other_o contract_n with_o merchant_n of_o the_o low-countries_n to_o deliver_v they_o that_o pepper_n at_o amsterdam_n and_o to_o take_v corn_n in_o payment_n but_o the_o case_n be_v since_o alter_v by_o the_o incorporate_n of_o the_o east-india_n trade_n such_o be_v the_o contract_v make_v by_o the_o french_a king_n henry_n the_o three_o with_o the_o great_a merchant_n of_o italy_n call_v le_fw-fr grand_a party_n for_o salt_n which_o they_o by_o authority_n do_v engross_v for_o the_o king_n and_o bring_v also_o from_o other_o country_n by_o sole_a permission_n cause_v every_o household_n in_o all_o france_n to_o take_v a_o proportion_n yearly_a or_o to_o pay_v for_o it_o whether_o they_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o or_o not_o which_o be_v a_o italian_a invention_n and_o for_o this_o they_o pay_v by_o contract_n unto_o the_o king_n six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a be_v two_o million_o of_o french_a crown_n yearly_a such_o be_v the_o contract_n which_o queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n make_v with_o merchant_n of_o london_n for_o the_o provision_n of_o victual_n and_o apparel_n for_o the_o soldier_n in_o ireland_n during_o the_o late_a war_n with_o the_o earl_n tirone_n which_o do_v amount_v to_o very_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n insomuch_o that_o the_o several_a contract_n for_o apparel_n come_v to_o ninety_o six_o thousand_o suit_n of_o apparel_n as_o i_o have_v see_v by_o the_o record_n and_o account_n extant_a in_o his_o majesty_n court_n of_o exchequer_n all_o these_o and_o such_o like_a contract_n be_v make_v by_o commission_n grant_v for_o that_o purpose_n to_o some_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n who_o have_v thereby_o authority_n to_o contract_n for_o the_o same_o with_o merchant_n or_o other_o notariall_a contract_n have_v partly_o dependence_n upon_o the_o same_o public_a notariall_n contract_v call_v public_a for_o when_o those_o merchant_n which_o have_v contract_v with_o king_n or_o prince_n be_v to_o provide_v sudden_o those_o thing_n which_o they_o have_v contract_v for_o or_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o commodity_n which_o they_o have_v buy_v or_o ingross_v into_o their_o hand_n then_o they_o deal_v with_o other_o merchant_n either_o to_o provide_v they_o of_o the_o say_a commodity_n or_o to_o sell_v they_o such_o as_o they_o have_v buy_v
within_o the_o city_n of_o london_n be_v the_o king_n chamber_n after_o this_o follow_v the_o particular_a letter_n for_o the_o delivery_n of_o several_a country_n and_o town_n as_o caour_n carsin_n monstreull_a calais_n rochel_n turaine_n poitiers_n poitou_n xantes_n xantogne_n dagonois_n perigot_n and_o diverse_a other_o beside_o many_o letter_n concern_v the_o french_a king_n liberty_n and_o his_o hostage_n and_o of_o the_o homage_n to_o be_v make_v by_o the_o earl_n and_o baron_n to_o the_o king_n of_o england_n who_o remain_v with_o the_o title_n of_o sovereignty_n and_o domayne_n beside_o many_o other_o memorable_a thing_n so_o that_o all_o matter_n concern_v the_o sea_n and_o land_n be_v establish_v for_o those_o sea_n and_o king_n eâ—ward_n take_v six_o penny_n a_o ton_n for_o fish_v ship_n king_n henry_n the_o five_o who_o do_v conquer_v all_o france_n and_o have_v the_o possession_n of_o mare_fw-la britannicum_fw-la lose_v nothing_o of_o his_o right_n no_o more_o do_v henry_n the_o six_o and_o king_n henry_n the_o seven_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o their_o proclamation_n treaty_n hollâ—ngshed_n chro_fw-la hollâ—ngshed_n and_o contract_v not_o only_o with_o the_o french_a but_o with_o the_o archduke_n of_o burgundy_n as_o by_o guicchardins_n chronicle_n treatise_n chr._n froiszart_n guiccâ—arâ—in_n and_o the_o say_a treatise_n or_o historical_a description_n of_o the_o low-countries_n appear_v and_o as_o doctor_n d_o you_o in_o his_o book_n of_o navigation_n affirm_v king_n henry_n the_o seven_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o fish_n trade_n proper_o belong_v unto_o england_n in_o his_o sea_n and_o dominion_n have_v resolve_v to_o settle_v a_o trade_n thereupon_o which_o he_o prefer_v above_o all_o voyage_n for_o in_o those_o day_n there_o be_v no_o fish_v trade_n establish_v in_o the_o low-countries_n antiquity_n by_o original_a antiquity_n and_o it_o be_v not_o yet_o one_o hundred_o year_n complete_a that_o one_o violet_n stephens_n and_o other_o discontent_a fishmonger_n depart_v the_o realm_n of_o england_n and_o go_v into_o holland_n to_o the_o town_n of_o enckhusen_n where_o they_o procure_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o fish_n for_o they_o in_o his_o majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n which_o inhabitant_n upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n fishmonger_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o disperse_v the_o same_o into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o same_o be_v admirable_o increase_v queen_n marie_n be_v marry_v with_o king_n philip_n the_o second_o of_o spain_n under_o who_o all_o the_o seventeen_o low_a province_n be_v unite_v grant_v a_o lease_n unto_o the_o say_a king_n for_o the_o fish_n of_o his_o subject_n in_o the_o north_n part_n of_o ireland_n for_o one_o and_o twenty_o year_n for_o a_o certain_a fine_a and_o pay_v one_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a into_o the_o treasury_n of_o ireland_n and_o edward_n fitton_n knight_n then_o treasurer_n and_o the_o company_n of_o the_o old_a haunce_n in_o primo_fw-la of_o the_o say_a queen_n marie_n have_v also_o liberty_n to_o sish_v within_o the_o say_a sea_n upon_o certain_a condition_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o chapel_n of_o the_o roll_n of_o the_o chancery_n and_o for_o england_n northwards_o licence_n be_v give_v at_o scarborough_n castle_n to_o this_o distinction_n of_o dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n porteullis_n invention_n of_o the_o porteullis_n i_o call_v to_o memory_n the_o proceed_n of_o that_o victorious_a king_n henry_n the_o eight_o who_o during_o the_o time_n that_o calais_n be_v under_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n as_o it_o have_v be_v full_a 211_o year_n use_v the_o invention_n of_o the_o sign_n of_o the_o portcullis_n signify_v the_o power_n of_o lock_v up_o of_o the_o narrow_a sea_n between_o dover_n and_o calais_n which_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o be_v use_v upon_o the_o coin_n make_v for_o the_o east-indies_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o that_o trade_n be_v piece_n of_o the_o value_n of_o eight_o royal_n of_o spain_n whereof_o there_o be_v coin_a in_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n for_o a_o trial_n in_o januarie_n 1600_o some_o six_o thousand_o pound_n which_o can_v not_o be_v make_v currant_n there_o because_o the_o spanish_a piece_n of_o eight_o royal_n have_v be_v before_o that_o time_n counterfeit_v by_o other_o nation_n which_o make_v the_o east-indians_a to_o doubt_v of_o our_o coin_n although_o without_o cause_n this_o noble_a king_n henry_n have_v procure_v the_o emperor_n charles_n the_o five_o to_o meet_v with_o the_o french_a king_n go_v over_o in_o person_n with_o a_o great_a power_n to_o besiege_v the_o town_n of_o boulogne_n in_o france_n and_o when_o he_o see_v that_o the_o emperor_n tent_n or_o pavilion_n be_v make_v with_o the_o two_o pillar_n of_o hercules_n and_o the_o inscription_n plus_fw-fr ultra_fw-la and_o likewise_o the_o french_a king_n tent_n with_o the_o three_o flower_n deluce_n and_o the_o title_n of_o primus_fw-la christianorum_fw-la rex_fw-la he_o cause_v a_o archer_n to_o be_v make_v upon_o his_o pavilion_n with_o bow_n and_o arrow_n and_o his_o inscription_n be_v cui_fw-la adherio_fw-la praeest_fw-la declare_v thereby_o his_o present_a strength_n whereby_o he_o do_v qualify_v those_o war_n and_o peace_n be_v make_v between_o the_o emperor_n and_o the_o say_v french_a king_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o state_n of_o a_o prince_n do_v as_o much_o consist_v by_o reputation_n as_o by_o strength_n our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james_n have_v also_o be_v mindful_a of_o his_o right_n of_o distinct_a dominion_n for_o the_o great_a blessing_n which_o almighty_a god_n have_v allot_v to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o great_a britain_n ireland_n and_o the_o isle_n adjacent_a under_o his_o majesty_n dominion_n be_v so_o visible_a to_o all_o the_o world_n as_o that_o thereby_o they_o be_v ravish_v with_o admiration_n for_o albeit_o that_o the_o earthly_a blessing_n be_v produce_v in_o seasonable_a time_n yet_o the_o blessing_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v direct_v and_o point_v at_o by_o the_o finger_n of_o god_n at_o infallible_a season_n cause_v those_o watery_a creature_n to_o offer_v themselves_o for_o our_o sustenance_n and_o for_o the_o general_a good_a of_o all_o creature_n in_o place_n certain_a within_o his_o majesty_n sea_n stream_n and_o dominion_n and_o not_o into_o the_o main_a where_o fish_v can_v be_v effect_v whereupon_o his_o majesty_n before_o his_o come_n into_o england_n do_v let_v the_o fish_n of_o scotland_n to_o the_o hollander_n for_o fifteen_o year_n it_o be_v agree_v by_o more_o ancient_a treaty_n between_o they_o that_o the_o fish_n then_o agree_v upon_o shall_v be_v eighty_o mile_n from_o the_o coast_n to_o the_o end_n the_o scoles_n of_o herring_n shall_v not_o be_v interrupt_v his_o majesty_n in_o the_o four_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n of_o great_a britain_n make_v a_o grant_v to_o one_o collyn_n of_o coventrie_n for_o twenty_o one_o year_n for_o the_o fish_n in_o some_o part_n of_o ireland_n fish_v grant_v make_v for_o fish_v and_o the_o like_a grant_n have_v be_v make_v for_o the_o isle_n of_o garnesey_n and_o jarnesey_n according_a to_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n law_n by_o the_o common_a law_n which_o in_o this_o point_n concern_v his_o majesty_n right_a of_o dominion_n be_v very_o copious_a the_o handle_n whereof_o i_o leave_v to_o the_o learned_a and_o judicious_a of_o the_o say_v law_n in_o the_o seven_o year_n of_o his_o majesty_n say_a reign_n his_o highness_n cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v concern_v his_o dominion_n of_o fish_v which_o be_v compendious_a and_o substantial_a i_o think_v convenient_a here_o to_o be_v insert_v verbatim_o james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n etc._n etc._n to_o all_o and_o singular_a person_n to_o who_o it_o may_v appertain_v greeting_n although_o we_o do_v sufficient_o know_v by_o our_o experience_n in_o the_o office_n of_o regal_a dignity_n in_o which_o by_o the_o favour_n of_o almighty_a god_n we_o have_v be_v place_v and_o exercise_v these_o many_o year_n as_o also_o by_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v of_o other_o christian_a prince_n exemplary_a action_n how_o far_o the_o absoluteness_n of_o our_o sovereign_a power_n extend_v itself_o and_o that_o in_o regard_n thereof_o we_o need_v not_o to_o yield_v account_n to_o any_o person_n under_o god_n for_o any_o action_n of_o we_o which_o be_v lawful_o ground_v upon_o that_o just_a prerogative_n yet_o such_o have_v ever_o be_v and_o shall_v be_v our_o care_n and_o desire_v to_o give_v satisfaction_n to_o our_o neighbour_n prince_n and_o friend_n in_o any_o action_n which_o may_v have_v the_o least_o relation_n to_o their_o subject_n and_o estate_n as_o we_o have_v think_v good_a by_o way_n of_o friendly_a praemonition_n to_o declare_v unto_o they_o all_o and_o to_o whosoever_o it_o may_v appertain_v as_o follow_v whereas_o we_o
all_o remedy_n against_o his_o estate_n for_o ever_o the_o consideration_n hereof_o make_v the_o debtor_n to_o retain_v in_o his_o hand_n what_o they_o can_v to_o maintain_v themselves_o their_o wife_n and_o child_n and_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o perish_v which_o make_v also_o against_o the_o crditors_n profit_n the_o body_n of_o every_o subject_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n commonwealth_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n and_o every_o subject_n be_v a_o member_n or_o single_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n so_o that_o to_o take_v this_o body_n and_o to_o cast_v the_o same_o into_o prison_n for_o debt_n where_o he_o must_v lie_v rot_v idle_o and_o unprofitable_o all_o the_o day_n of_o his_o life_n and_o die_v miserable_o be_v no_o other_o than_o to_o strip_v and_o rob_v the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n of_o their_o limb_n and_o member_n and_o consequent_o of_o the_o service_n and_o endeavour_n of_o a_o great_a number_n of_o subject_n yearly_a of_o all_o degree_n and_o profession_n to_o do_v service_n to_o the_o king_n and_o commonwealth_n which_o number_n of_o prisoner_n exceed_v all_o the_o prisoner_n in_o all_o other_o country_n it_o be_v therefore_o in_o christian_n charity_n wish_v and_o in_o all_o godly_a policy_n desire_v that_o the_o body_n and_o endeavour_n of_o all_o debtor_n may_v be_v free_a from_o imprisonment_n and_o the_o creditor_n recovery_n be_v make_v against_o the_o debtor_n land_n and_o good_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a fundamental_a law_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v most_o consonant_a to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n to_o christian_n charity_n to_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o to_o godly_a policy_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o that_o interim_n the_o relief_n of_o prisoner_n may_v be_v permit_v which_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n grant_v for_o she_o and_o her_o successor_n in_o the_o 28._o year_n of_o her_o reign_n by_o a_o large_a commission_n record_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o chancery_n the_o exemplification_n whereof_o be_v by_o all_o prisoner_n for_o debt_n humble_o desire_v many_o other_o reason_n be_v allege_v in_o the_o say_a remonstrance_n invective_n against_o usury_n and_o usuror_n which_o i_o have_v omit_v and_o hereunto_o let_v we_o add_v certain_a observation_n in_o general_a concern_v execution_n the_o law_n be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o mute_a magistrate_n but_o the_o magistrate_n be_v a_o living_n law_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o law_n be_v in_o command_v and_o the_o strength_n of_o command_v be_v in_o the_o constrain_a or_o execute_v of_o the_o law_n which_o belong_v unto_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n the_o consideration_n hereof_o do_v produce_v a_o diversity_n of_o opinion_n whether_o judge_n or_o magistrate_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o a_o time_n or_o term_n of_o life_n the_o often_o change_v of_o they_o being_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o roman_n who_o do_v instigate_v man_n to_o accuse_v those_o that_o have_v not_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o their_o office_n due_o law_n custom_n of_o the_o roman_n about_o execution_n of_o law_n whereby_o wickedness_n be_v not_o only_o punish_v but_o also_o every_o man_n through_o emulation_n do_v endeavour_v himself_o to_o follow_v virtue_n and_o to_o discharge_v the_o place_n of_o his_o call_n beside_o whereas_o virtue_n in_o all_o commonweal_n be_v the_o principal_a point_n whereat_o man_n aim_v and_o whereunto_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v they_o so_o the_o distribution_n of_o office_n be_v a_o reward_n of_o virtue_n which_o can_v be_v do_v to_o many_o when_o they_o be_v give_v in_o perpetuity_n to_o some_o few_o which_o many_o time_n have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o sedition_n by_o the_o inequal_a distribution_n of_o reward_n and_o punishment_n in_o some_o commonweal_n officer_n inconvenience_n of_o yearly_a officer_n true_a it_o be_v that_o there_o be_v many_o inconvenience_n if_o the_o officer_n be_v but_o for_o one_o year_n or_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o hindrance_n of_o the_o public_a good_a for_o they_o must_v leave_v their_o place_n before_o they_o know_v the_o duty_n of_o it_o and_o common_o unto_o one_o that_o be_v but_o a_o novice_n in_o the_o place_n whereby_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n fall_v into_o the_o government_n of_o such_o as_o be_v incapable_a thereof_o and_o without_o experience_n and_o if_o they_o be_v fit_a for_o the_o place_n their_o time_n be_v short_a that_o it_o do_v vanish_v away_o in_o feast_n and_o pleasure_n and_o matter_n either_o public_a or_o private_a do_v remain_v undecided_a and_o every_o thing_n protract_v without_o due_a administration_n of_o justice_n beside_o how_o be_v it_o in_o common_a sense_n and_o reason_n possible_a that_o he_o shall_v command_v with_o the_o effectual_a power_n of_o a_o magistrate_n that_o within_o a_o little_a while_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cipher_n without_o power_n or_o authority_n what_o subject_n will_v yield_v he_o due_a respect_n and_o reverence_v whereas_o on_o the_o contrary_a it_o his_o office_n be_v perpetual_a and_o his_o estate_n assure_v he_o be_v resolve_v bold_o to_o resist_v the_o wicked_a to_o defend_v the_o good_a permanent_a commodity_n have_v by_o judge_n permanent_a to_o revenge_v the_o injury_n of_o the_o oppress_a and_o even_o to_o withstand_v tyrant_n who_o many_o time_n have_v be_v astonish_v to_o see_v the_o constancy_n of_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n in_o the_o execution_n of_o justice_n according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o herein_o be_v the_o common_a law_n excellent_a because_o the_o judge_n and_o magistrate_n be_v authorise_v according_o for_o term_v of_o life_n as_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o place_n require_v and_o be_v also_o choose_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o integrity_n knowledge_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o law_n whereof_o they_o be_v the_o ornament_n whereas_o to_o call_v the_o yearly_a judge_n in_o question_n after_o their_o time_n expire_v be_v a_o derogation_n and_o dishonour_n to_o the_o law_n in_o other_o country_n the_o sheriff_n and_o many_o other_o officer_n which_o put_v in_o every_o county_n the_o writ_n commandment_n annual_a subaltern_a officer_n annual_a and_o judgement_n of_o the_o court_n in_o execution_n be_v remove_v every_o year_n and_o the_o same_o be_v expire_v they_o may_v be_v call_v to_o account_v to_o answer_v for_o any_o misdemeanour_n commit_v by_o they_o during_o their_o office_n by_o the_o ordinary_a course_n of_o the_o law_n which_o make_v they_o vigilant_a and_o circumspect_a in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o place_n which_o they_o supply_v either_o personal_o or_o by_o deputy_n for_o who_o offence_n they_o must_v answer_v this_o authority_n and_o severity_n of_o the_o judge_n therefore_o do_v prevent_v many_o mischief_n put_v a_o fear_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o offender_n of_o the_o law_n by_o the_o rigour_n thereof_o which_o in_o criminal_a case_n be_v call_v by_o some_o cruelty_n but_o the_o merciful_a judge_n be_v more_o to_o be_v blame_v in_o these_o case_n than_o the_o severe_a because_o severity_n make_v man_n to_o be_v obedient_a unto_o the_o law_n whereas_o too_o much_o lenity_n cause_v contempt_n both_o of_o law_n and_o magistrate_n nevertheless_o as_o there_o be_v in_o all_o commonweal_n two_o principal_a point_n which_o the_o magistrate_n be_v to_o consider_v namely_o law_n and_o equity_n so_o the_o execution_n of_o law_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v by_o the_o magistrate_n who_o sometime_o be_v too_o severe_a may_v do_v more_o hurt_n to_o the_o commonwealth_n than_o good_a see_v the_o intention_n of_o those_o that_o make_v the_o law_n good_a law_n intention_n be_v the_o common_a good_a be_v to_o provide_v for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la this_o may_v be_v say_v especial_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n whereof_o we_o have_v the_o example_n of_o empson_n and_o dudley_n fresh_a in_o memory_n who_o be_v privy_a councillor_n to_o king_n henry_n 7_o cause_v the_o penal_a law_n to_o be_v strict_o execute_v against_o his_o subject_n whereby_o the_o king_n gather_v much_o treasure_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o love_n of_o his_o subject_n which_o be_v much_o displease_v unto_o he_o as_o the_o chronicle_n of_o this_o realm_n have_v record_v because_o there_o be_v nothing_o so_o effectual_a to_o cause_v the_o prince_n to_o be_v call_v a_o tyrant_n than_o this_o course_n of_o strict_a execution_n of_o law_n which_o have_v a_o affinity_n with_o the_o say_n of_o nicholas_n machiavelli_n sometime_o secretary_n to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o tuscanie_n touch_v the_o condition_n of_o man_n in_o general_n it_o be_v miserable_a that_o we_o can_v do_v all_o thing_n machiavelli_n the_o say_n of_o machiavelli_n more_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o will_v do_v and_o most_o miserable_a to_o do_v that_o which_o we_o can_v do_v informer_n nevertheless_o be_v necessary_a member_n in_o
alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n the_o 13._o ivlius_fw-la caesar_n the_o first_o emperor_n of_o rome_n a_o man_n learned_a and_o of_o great_a magnanimity_n consider_v that_o the_o roman_a year_n be_v reckon_v confuse_o according_o to_o the_o course_n of_o the_o moon_n &_o by_o the_o hebrew_n with_o their_o intercalar_a month_n to_o make_v the_o same_o agree_v with_o the_o sun_n by_o the_o counsel_n and_o instigation_n of_o sosigenes_n a_o expert_a mathematician_n about_o 44_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n devise_v a_o new_a foâ—me_n of_o calendar_n first_o frame_v after_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n divide_v the_o whole_a year_n into_o three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n make_v it_o to_o contain_v twelve_o month_n whereof_o the_o name_n be_v yet_o in_o use_n beginning_n from_o march_n for_o the_o first_o month_n which_o cause_v september_n october_n november_n and_o december_n to_o bear_v their_o name_n the_o seven_o eightth_v nine_o and_o ten_o month_n yet_o all_o year_n by_o the_o almanac_n putttng_a januarie_n for_o the_o first_o month_n bear_v the_o name_n according_o from_o the_o heathen_a god_n janus_n paint_v with_o two_o face_n as_o it_o be_v behold_v the_o year_n past_a and_o the_o year_n to_o come_v february_n be_v so_o call_v of_o certain_a sacrifice_n then_o offer_v call_v februa_n march_v of_o mars_n a_o heathen_a god_n april_n month_n the_o denomination_n of_o the_o month_n of_o the_o spring_n time_n and_o the_o word_n aperio_fw-la open_v all_o vegetible_n and_o other_o thing_n may_v of_o maya_n the_o mother_n of_o mercury_n june_n a_o juniore_fw-la for_o that_o all_o the_o young_a people_n have_v a_o meeting_n in_o that_o month_n for_o recreation_n july_n of_o his_o own_o name_n julius_n and_o augustus_n for_o the_o enlarge_n of_o the_o empire_n now_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o odd_a six_o hour_n can_v not_o convenient_o be_v bring_v to_o account_v every_o year_n he_o ordain_v that_o every_o four_o year_n one_o day_n shall_v be_v add_v to_o february_n because_o four_o time_n six_o hour_n make_v up_o a_o whole_a day_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o hour_n and_o the_o year_n wherein_o this_o odd_a day_n fall_v year_n the_o leap_v year_n we_o call_v common_o leap_v year_n have_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o six_o day_n and_o because_o it_o be_v add_v at_o the_o six_o calends_n of_o march_n it_o be_v name_v in_o latin_a bissixtus_fw-la or_o bissextilis_fw-la annus_fw-la nevertheless_o julius_n caesar_n do_v begin_v his_o calendar_n in_o januarie_n when_o the_o sun_n enter_v the_o eight_o degree_n of_o capricorn_n eight_o day_n after_o the_o winter_n solstitium_fw-la solstitium_fw-la solstitium_fw-la which_o then_o be_v the_o short_a day_n of_o the_o year_n fall_v upon_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o december_n and_o the_o spring_n time_n equinoctium_n about_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o march_n equinoctium_n equinoctium_n the_o which_o place_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v now_o change_v and_o sliden_fw-mi back_o in_o the_o julian_n calendar_n from_o the_o say_a observation_n of_o the_o spring_n equinoctium_n as_o also_o from_o the_o harvest_n equinoctium_n be_v about_o the_o twenty_o six_o of_o september_n the_o long_a day_n then_o fall_v out_o the_o twenty_o five_o of_o june_n ground_v upon_o this_o reason_n of_o prevention_n of_o the_o equinoctial_a to_o the_o twelve_o eleven_o and_o ten_o day_n of_o the_o say_a month_n and_o the_o thirteen_o and_o fourteen_o of_o september_n but_o the_o chief_a cause_n proceed_v by_o reason_n that_o julius_n caesar_n do_v reckon_v the_o year_n to_o continue_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n and_o six_o hour_n which_o be_v more_o than_o the_o just_a astronomer_n calculation_n by_o ten_o minute_n of_o a_o hour_n and_o forty_o four_o second_n account_v sixty_o minute_n to_o a_o hour_n and_o sixty_o second_n to_o a_o minute_n so_o that_o the_o year_n true_o contain_v three_o hundred_o sixty_o five_o day_n five_o hour_n forty_o nine_o minute_n error_n the_o difference_n as_o the_o account_n of_o year_n for_o the_o error_n and_o sixteen_o second_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v which_o difference_n in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o make_v one_o whole_a day_n and_o in_o the_o space_n of_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n be_v the_o time_n that_o the_o julian_n calendar_n be_v set_v forth_o until_o the_o last_o year_n it_o come_v to_o twelve_o day_n twenty_o two_o hour_n forty_o minute_n and_o twenty_o five_o second_n for_o this_o cause_n sundry_a learned_a man_n have_v heretofore_o desire_v that_o the_o same_o may_v be_v reform_v to_o avoid_v inconvenience_n and_o to_o have_v a_o true_a account_n of_o year_n and_o day_n and_o the_o matter_n be_v propound_v to_o diverse_a general_a counsel_n but_o take_v no_o effect_n till_o now_o of_o late_a year_n by_o mean_n of_o pope_n gregory_n the_o thirteen_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o and_o then_o it_o be_v permit_v to_o one_o aloysius_n lilius_fw-la professor_n in_o mathematic_a astrology_n to_o set_v down_o this_o long_o desire_a reformation_n who_o be_v resolve_v to_o do_v the_o same_o exact_o by_o true_a account_n be_v hinder_v by_o the_o clergy_n for_o they_o will_v not_o agree_v that_o the_o same_o shall_v be_v draw_v back_o any_o further_a than_o to_o the_o time_n of_o the_o nicene_n council_n which_o be_v in_o the_o year_n 328_o and_o hereupon_o he_o bring_v the_o reckon_n back_o only_o ten_o day_n &_o cause_v the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o december_n to_o be_v call_v the_o twenty_o five_o day_n inconvenience_n alteration_n of_o ten_o day_n and_o the_o inconvenience_n which_o be_v but_o observe_v in_o some_o place_n and_o bring_v great_a controversy_n in_o diverse_a country_n see_v the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o christ_n and_o other_o festival_n day_n and_o also_o day_n of_o keep_v of_o fair_n and_o market_n be_v change_v and_o hold_v ten_o day_n before_o the_o accustom_a time_n and_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o make_v their_o contract_n and_o obligation_n be_v often_o disappoint_v of_o their_o day_n of_o payment_n with_o diverse_a other_o inconvenience_n whereas_o man_n of_o true_a judgement_n may_v have_v make_v this_o argument_n be_v it_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o time_n grow_v by_o certain_a minute_n and_o second_v every_o year_n arise_v to_o one_o whole_a day_n every_o four_o year_n in_o the_o month_n of_o february_n then_o as_o it_o be_v increase_v thereby_o thirteen_o day_n in_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o sixty_o four_o year_n it_o may_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n decrease_v so_o much_o in_o few_o year_n calendar_n a_o true_a and_o good_a reformation_n of_o the_o julian_n calendar_n by_o leave_v out_o and_o suspend_v that_o one_o day_n which_o be_v so_o add_v until_o it_o come_v to_o his_o first_o institution_n and_o calculation_n of_o the_o julian_n calendar_n which_o may_v be_v reform_v in_o fifty_o two_o year_n begin_v from_o the_o year_n 1620_o be_v leap_v year_n and_o leave_v out_o thirteen_o day_n which_o be_v little_o more_o than_o one_o hour_n in_o the_o say_v and_o be_v no_o perceptable_a difference_n and_o after_o the_o say_v fifty_o two_o year_n expire_v to_o add_v the_o say_a day_n again_o and_o there_o will_v not_o increase_v any_o one_o day_n more_o but_o in_o one_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o year_n and_o all_o the_o yearly_a observation_n may_v be_v accommodate_v according_o i_o make_v a_o exact_a table_n hereof_o in_o the_o year_n 1604_o whereby_o the_o day_n of_o the_o nativity_n of_o our_o saviour_n fall_v out_o again_o to_o be_v the_o short_a day_n of_o the_o year_n this_o table_n be_v show_v unto_o the_o king_n majesty_n of_o great_a britain_n as_o i_o be_v inform_v and_o howsoever_o please_v yet_o for_o some_o cause_n to_o i_o unknown_a not_o hold_v fit_a to_o be_v establish_v chap._n iii_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o unity_n be_v the_o spring_n and_o fountain_n of_o number_n which_o have_v a_o reference_n unto_o god_n the_o only_a fountain_n of_o goodness_n the_o only_a father_n creator_n and_o preserver_n of_o we_o all_o here_o let_v we_o note_v that_o the_o philosopher_n have_v not_o only_o with_o one_o consent_n affirm_v that_o great_a mystery_n and_o virtue_n be_v contain_v in_o number_n but_o the_o ancient_a father_n have_v also_o observe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n as_o jerome_n augustine_n origen_n ambrose_n basil_n athanasius_n hilarius_n rabanus_n beda_n and_o other_o among_o who_o doctor_n rabanus_n have_v make_v a_o book_n of_o the_o virtue_n which_o be_v hide_v under_o number_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o mystery_n comprehend_v under_o number_n saint_n john_n in_o the_o revelation_n will_v not_o have_v say_v he_o that_o have_v understanding_n let_v he_o reckon_v the_o number_n of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o beast_n jiiiii_n
kintall_n centeners_n talent_n thousand_o weigh_v skippond_n charge_n lispound_n roove_v stone_n and_o such_o like_a the_o second_o fort_n of_o weight_n be_v by_o pound_n mina_n manes_n rotulus_n etc._n etc._n the_o three_o division_n of_o weight_n do_v consist_v in_o the_o small_a division_n of_o 12_o 14_o 16_o 18_o 20_o and_o 30_o ounce_n to_o a_o pound_n and_o the_o subdivision_n thereof_o the_o talon_n of_o the_o grecian_n 60_o minas_n talentum_fw-la talentum_fw-la every_o mana_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la so_o a_o talon_n be_v six_o thousand_o dragmes_fw-la 8_o of_o they_o to_o one_o ounce_n be_v 750_o ounce_n another_o talon_n of_o greece_n be_v 16_o sestertio_n be_v 40_o minas_n or_o pound_n of_o 18_o ounce_n as_o also_o of_o 20_o ounce_n in_o egypt_n it_o be_v 32_o sestertio_n or_o 80_o pound_n the_o 50_o sestertio_n of_o cleopatra_n be_v 125_o will_v in_o thratia_n 48_o sestertio_n be_v 120_o pound_n in_o africa_n 24_o sestertio_n be_v 60_o will_v differ_v also_o in_o the_o pound_n weight_n kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n cantar_n or_o kyntall_n or_o centener_n call_v hundreth_n of_o 100_o 112_o 120_o 125_o 128_o and_o 132_o pound_n the_o hebrew_n do_v call_v cicar_n to_o be_v 50_o minas_n or_o maneg_n weigh_v weigh_v weigh_v be_v common_o 165_o will_v or_o 180_o will_v or_o 200_o 1_o â—_o for_o acharge_v skippound_v skippound_v skippound_v of_o 300_o 320_o 340_o and_o 400_o pound_n the_o skippound_n lyspound_v lyspound_v lyspound_v of_o 15_o and_o 16_o pound_n to_o the_o lyspound_n roove_v roove_v roove_v or_o arroba_n of_o 10_o 20_o 25_o 30_o and_o 40_o pound_n to_o the_o roove_v stone_n stone_n stone_n of_o 6_o 8_o 10_o 14_o 16_o 20_o 21_o 24_o and_o 32_o will_v and_o also_o 40_o will_v as_o more_o particular_o appear_v hereafter_o in_o their_o proper_a place_n mixias_n mixias_n mixias_n be_v also_o use_v whereof_o we_o find_v mention_v make_v in_o some_o book_n be_v ten_o thousand_o and_o be_v common_o understand_v for_o 10000_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o a_o ounce_n and_o 12_o ounce_n to_o the_o pound_n bess_n mark_v bess_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v by_o mark_n of_o 8_o ounce_n and_o bess_n of_o 12_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n be_v among_o the_o hebrew_n 2_o sicle_n or_o stater_n gerag_v sicle_n stâ—ter_n gerag_v siclus_n be_v sometime_o take_v for_o a_o ounce_n also_o half_a a_o ounce_n and_o quarter_n of_o a_o ounce_n which_o be_v gerag_v or_o obolus_fw-la mina_n ptolomaica_fw-la be_v 1_v ½_n rotulus_n which_o be_v divide_v into_o small_a part_n viz._n 18_o ounce_n of_o 12_o to_o one_o rotulus_n 144_o dragmes_fw-la of_o 8_o to_o one_o ounce_n 432_o scruple_n of_o 3_o to_o a_o dragme_n 846_o obulus_fw-la 1296_o lupe_n 2592_o siliquas_fw-la or_o carrat_n maaâ—g_n inna_fw-la or_o maaâ—g_n mina_n of_o the_o grecian_n otherwise_o call_v inna_fw-la or_o maneg_n be_v a_o pound_n 12_o ½_n ounce_n 25_o stater_n or_o ciclos_n 100_o dragmes_fw-la or_o rosoli_n 300_o scruple_n 24_o to_o a_o ounce_n 600_o obolus_fw-la 900_o lupin_n 1800_o siliquas_fw-la 3600_o areola_n or_o chalcos_fw-la rotulus_n in_o arabia_n syria_n asia_n minor_n egypt_n and_o venice_n be_v 1_o will_v 12_o ounce_n or_o sachosi_fw-la 24_o septarios_fw-la or_o cicle_n 84_o denier_n of_o 7_o to_o a_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la or_o darchiny_a 288_o scruple_n or_o grana_n 576_o obolus_fw-la or_o orlossat_n 864_o danig_n 1728_o carrat_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o kestuff_n the_o 7_o denier_n make_v a_o ounce_n and_o there_o be_v dragmes_fw-la also_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o 1_o ½_n dragme_n and_o of_o one_o dragme_n call_v alby_n in_o the_o low-countries_n the_o pound_n be_v divide_v diverse_o in_o 16_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n in_o 8_o dragmes_fw-la or_o fifth_n and_o 8_o part_n and_o in_o france_n they_o call_v they_o 8_o gross_v the_o 128_o make_v one_o pound_n in_o other_o place_n they_o divide_v the_o pound_n in_o 12_o 14_o and_o 15_o ounce_n ounce_n difference_n of_o pound_n and_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o pound_n and_o ounce_n both_o do_v differ_v which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o hereafter_o every_o country_n have_v a_o declaration_n thereof_o at_o bridge_n in_o flaunders_n they_o use_v pound_n of_o 14_o ounce_n bridges_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o bridges_n and_o of_o 16_o ounce_n whereof_o the_o 100_o will_v of_o 16_o ounce_n make_v 108_o will_v of_o 14_o ounce_n which_o ounce_n of_o 14_o to_o the_o pound_n be_v heavy_a for_o 100_o ounce_n of_o these_o be_v 105_o â…“_n ounce_n of_o the_o 16_o to_o the_o pound_n which_o ounce_n be_v divide_v in_o half_a ounce_n or_o loot_z and_o every_o loot_z in_o 2_o sizayn_n and_o every_o sizayne_n in_o 2_o dragmes_fw-la or_o quintes_n the_o small_a proportion_n and_o subdivision_n of_o other_o place_n be_v as_o follow_v italian_n pound_n for_o physic_n use_v in_o other_o place_n also_o 12_o ounce_n 24_o loot_z 48_o sizayne_n or_o siliqua_fw-la 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 576_o obolus_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 5760_o grain_n the_o say_a weight_n of_o physic_n be_v at_o lion_n in_o france_n as_o the_o merchant_n will_v 12_o ounce_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la 288_o scruple_n 5760_o grain_n the_o pound_n weight_n of_o venice_n 12_o ounce_n 72_o sextulas_fw-la 1728_o siliqua_fw-la 6912_o grain_n the_o pound_n at_o paris_n in_o france_n 16_o ounce_n 128_o gross_v 384_o scruple_n 9216_o grain_n in_o italy_n the_o pound_n be_v also_o divide_v 12_o ounce_n 24_o stater_n 96_o dragmes_fw-la vienna_n in_o austria_n the_o pound_n iâ—_n 32_o loott_n 128_o quinte_n 512_o pennings_n 12800_o grain_n forasmuch_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o most_o common_o that_o upon_o trial_n of_o a_o unknown_a weight_n we_o do_v begin_v from_o the_o small_a weight_n or_o graine_n and_o so_o ascend_v to_o the_o other_o proportion_n and_o to_o the_o pound_n by_o compare_v the_o same_o to_o our_o grain_n and_o division_n of_o the_o pound_n grain_n difference_n of_o grain_n which_o in_o matter_n of_o mint_n for_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v of_o great_a moment_n when_o the_o penny_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o 24_o grain_n in_o england_n and_o in_o the_o low-countries_n into_o 32_o grain_n let_v we_o note_v the_o great_a diversity_n abovesaid_a of_o 5760_o grain_n to_o 12800_o use_v at_o vienna_n and_o other_o place_n proportionable_o to_o their_o pound_n and_o consider_v how_o easy_o we_o may_v be_v overtake_v therein_o whereof_o a_o more_o ample_a declaration_n be_v in_o the_o mint_n affair_n there_o be_v also_o a_o great_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v in_o the_o correspondency_n of_o weight_n of_o one_o country_n to_o the_o weight_n of_o another_o country_n upon_o the_o hundred_o subtle_a that_o be_v to_o say_v 100_o pound_n even_o weight_n and_o because_o in_o england_n all_o ware_n of_o volume_n or_o bulck_n be_v sell_v some_o by_o the_o hundred_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o some_o be_v sell_v by_o the_o pound_n as_o spice_n sugar_n and_o such_o like_a &_o yet_o be_v weigh_v by_o the_o say_a weight_n of_o 112_o will_v and_o that_o moreover_o there_o be_v a_o over-weight_n allow_v call_v trett_n which_o be_v 4_o upon_o the_o 112_o will_v and_o also_o 2_o will_v upon_o every_o scale_n of_o 3_o hundred_o weight_n call_v cloff_n which_o be_v abate_v between_o the_o buyer_n and_o seller_n cloffe_n trett_n and_o cloffe_n and_o so_o there_o be_v a_o loss_n of_o weight_n by_o this_o trett_n and_o cloff_n and_o especial_o because_o the_o commodity_n import_v be_v buy_v by_o the_o weight_n of_o foreign_a nation_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o describe_v the_o say_a correspondence_n of_o weight_n according_a to_o the_o 100_o will_v subtle_a of_o antuerp_n be_v general_o know_v in_o all_o place_n and_o for_o the_o weight_n of_o london_n to_o make_v some_o observation_n particular_o the_o correspondency_n of_o weight_n of_o most_o place_n of_o traffic_n antuerp_n antuerp_n the_o custom_n of_o antuerp_n be_v to_o weigh_v by_o the_o hundred_o pound_n even_o weight_n call_v subtle_a for_o the_o which_o common_o there_o be_v allow_v at_o the_o weigh-house_n 101_o will_v a_o stone_n weight_n be_v 8_o will_v the_o skippound_n 300_o will_v the_o weigh_v 165_o will_v the_o carga_n or_o charge_v 400_o will_v which_o be_v two_o bales_n of_o 200_o will_v for_o a_o horse_n to_o carry_v on_o either_o side_n and_o the_o pound_n be_v divide_v into_o 16_o ounce_n the_o say_a 100_o will_v weight_n of_o antuerp_n weigh_v in_o the_o place_n follow_v london_n london_n at_o london_n and_o all_o england_n 104_o will_v subtle_a weight_n and_o of_o the_o kyntall_a weight_n of_o 112_o will_v it_o weigh_v 91_o ½_n will_v at_o dublin_n and_o all_o ireland_n also_o dublin_n dublin_n 104_o will_v and_o 91_o ½_n by_o the_o great_a hundred_o at_o edinburgh_n in_o scotland_n 96_o will_v and_o all_o scotland_n over_o edinburgh_n edinburgh_n and_o 103_o â…“_n for_o 112_o will_v the_o say_a 100_o will_v make_v 189_o
5400_o geometrical_a mile_n or_o 21600_o ordinary_a mile_n but_o whereas_o the_o mile_n in_o all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n and_o almost_o in_o every_o province_n or_o shire_n do_v differ_v i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o admit_v one_o measure_n of_o one_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n to_o measure_v the_o whole_a globe_n thereby_o according_a to_o the_o map_n which_o be_v not_o only_o intelligible_a unto_o all_o man_n but_o all_o merchant_n also_o may_v have_v use_n hereof_o for_o by_o the_o number_n of_o the_o million_o of_o acre_n compare_v one_o kingdom_n unto_o another_o or_o one_o country_n unto_o another_o country_n they_o may_v know_v the_o bigness_n and_o spaciousness_n thereof_o which_o we_o have_v particular_o observe_v in_o europe_n with_o a_o distinction_n also_o of_o the_o dominion_n of_o prince_n in_o these_o several_a country_n know_v by_o the_o name_n france_n italy_n germany_n and_o other_o which_o many_o time_n fall_v into_o consideration_n upon_o singular_a occasion_n this_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v divide_v to_o be_v two_o three_o part_n water_n or_o sea_n and_o one_o three_o part_n land_n and_o of_o this_o land_n there_o be_v one_o three_o part_n not_o inhabit_v and_o the_o other_o two_o three_o part_n be_v as_o follow_v the_o whole_a circumference_n by_o the_o aforesaid_a measure_n be_v 19_o 803_o 575000_o which_o be_v 29_o milliars_n 803_o million_o 575_o thousand_o acre_n and_o the_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o million_o a_o milliar_a be_v ten_o hundred_o million_o so_o the_o ⅔_n part_n water_n be_v 19_o milliars_n 869_o million_o and_o 50_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n answerable_a and_o the_o other_o part_n three_o be_v 9_o milliars_n 934_o million_o 525000_o acre_n hereof_o deduct_v ⅓_n part_v not_o inhabit_v which_o be_v 3_o milliars_n 311_o million_o 508_o thousand_o acre_n so_o rest_v 6_o milliars_n 623_o million_o 17_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n inhabit_v whereof_o follow_v a_o particular_a distribution_n first_o for_o europe_n or_o christendom_n england_n contain_v 29_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n scotland_n contain_v 14_o million_o 432_o thousand_o acre_n ireland_n contain_v 18_o million_o so_o these_o three_o kingdom_n with_o all_o their_o dominion_n of_o land_n and_o land_n adjacent_a under_o the_o diadem_n of_o king_n james_n contain_v 62_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n etc._n etc._n england_n be_v by_o this_o computation_n according_o with_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n and_o all_o island_n thereunto_o belong_v the_o thousand_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n or_o the_o 222_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 333_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o scotland_n may_v be_v full_a the_o one_o half_a of_o this_o computation_n that_o be_v the_o 444_o part_n of_o the_o earth_n inhabit_v or_o the_o 666_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n and_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v the_o 480_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a globe_n unnecessary_a fraction_n in_o cypher_n omit_v the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o world_n and_o so_o according_o for_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n as_o aforesaid_a the_o 17_o province_n of_o the_o low-countries_n contain_v 10_o million_o 797_o thousand_o acre_n whereof_o the_o reconcile_a province_n with_o spain_n contain_v 7_o million_o 197_o thousand_o acre_n the_o unite_a province_n under_o the_o state_n contain_v 3_o million_o 599_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n divide_v into_o 32_o province_n contain_v in_o all_o 82_o million_o 879_o thousand_o acre_n the_o kingdom_n of_o spain_n be_v eight_o in_o number_n contain_v as_o follow_v  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n castille_n 25_o million_o 730._o andalusia_n 2_o million_o 425_o granado_n 2_o million_o 128_o navarre_n 1_o million_o 458_o leon_n galisia_fw-la 9_o million_o 124_o arragon_n 13_o million_o 104_o biscaye_n 3_o million_o 412_o portugal_n 10_o million_o 154_o in_o all_o contain_v 67_o million_o 535_o thousand_o acre_n italia_n under_o spain_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n naples_n 11_o million_o 704_o lombardie_n 1_o million_o 640_o under_o venice_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n trevisana_n 2_o million_o 584_o verona_n 0_o million_o 480_o frioul_n 1_o million_o 047_o mantua_n 0_o million_o 480_o under_o rome_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n liguria_n 1_o million_o 415_o romagna_n 1_o million_o 085_o latium_n 0_o million_o 480_o hetruria_n 0_o million_o 540_o savoy_n 1_o million_o 910_o piedmont_n 1_o million_o 160_o toscana_n etc._n etc._n 4_o million_o 785_o suria_n and_o florence_n 480_o marca_n 1_o million_o 412_o ancona_n parma_n 0_o million_o 885_o sicilia_n 3_o million_o 113_o cypress_n 1_o million_o 601_o candia_n 2_o million_o 060_o corsica_n 1_o million_o 395_o sardegna_n 4_o million_o 089_o contain_v in_o all_o 44_o million_o 257_o thousand_o acre_n germania_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n saxonia_n 3_o million_o 484_o misina_n 3_o million_o 249_o turnigia_fw-la 1_o million_o 093_o lusatia_n 2_o million_o 572_o bavaria_n 3_o million_o 249_o helsatia_n 3_o million_o 644_o helvetia_n 12_o million_o 328_o basle_n 0_o million_o 842_o swebourgh_n 2_o million_o 109_o salsbourgh_n 1_o million_o 063_o trier_n mentz_n 4_o mill_n 237_o spiers_n strasbourgh_n and_o worm_n juliers_n 0_o million_o 348_o cleave_v 0_o million_o 258_o westphalia_n 2_o million_o 300_o osnab_n 0_o million_o 358_o silesia_n 5_o million_o 706_o bohemia_n 7_o million_o 024_o austria_n 6_o million_o 121_o moravia_n 4_o million_o 114_o pomerania_n 3_o million_o 249_o brandenbourgh_n 6_o million_o 208_o machalbourgh_n 2_o million_o 107_o franconia_n 6_o million_o 361_o tiroll_n 3_o million_o 249_o carinthia_n 1_o million_o 588_o stiria_n 1_o million_o 779_o palantine_n rhine_n 4_o million_o 361_o wirtenborgh_n 1_o million_o 223_o embden_n 0_o million_o 230_o oldenbourgh_n 0_o million_o 449_o liege_n 0_o million_o 548_o coloigne_n 0_o million_o 215_o contain_v in_o all_o 95_o million_o 646_o thousand_o acre_n prussia_n 10_o million_o 240_o thousand_o acre_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n russia_n 9_o million_o 607_o volhimia_n 5_o million_o 762_o massovia_n 1_o million_o 916_o livonia_n 34_o million_o 115_o poland_n 19_o million_o 205_o heretofore_o name_v polonia_n contain_v in_o all_o 80_o million_o m._n 845._o denmark_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr m._n denmark_n 10_o million_o 426_o norway_n 28_o million_o 492_o holsten_n 1_o million_o 065_o ditinar_n 0_o million_o 337_o contain_v in_o all_o 40_o million_o 326_o thousand_o acre_n swethen_n sweathen_a 57_o million_o 430_o thousand_o acre_n finland_n 7_o million_o 531_o thousand_o gothia_n 20_o million_o 936_o thousand_o contain_v in_o all_o 85_o million_o 897_o thousand_o acre_n part_v of_o russiia_n or_o moscovia_n and_o situam_fw-la under_o europe_n 232_o million_o 558_o thousand_o acre_n so_o that_o whole_a europe_n or_o christendom_n do_v but_o contain_v 802_o million_o 740_o thousand_o acre_n europe_n europe_n which_o be_v not_o the_o 12_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a earth_n hungary_n dalmatia_n transyluania_n and_o all_o turkey_n 385_o mill_n m._n 367._o moscoviae_n pars_fw-la 128_o million_o 817_o thousand_o acre_n tartary_n 299_o million_o 110_o thousand_o asia_n asia_n persia_n 385_o million_o 367_o thousand_o calicut_n and_o east-india_n 587_o million_o 200_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n contain_v 1541_o million_o 883_o thousand_o acre_n africa_n africa_n america_n contain_v 1152_o million_o 400_o thousand_o acre_n america_n america_n nova_fw-la hispania_n 1349_o million_o 133_o thousand_o acre_n summa_fw-la totalis_fw-la of_o the_o inhabit_a part_n of_o the_o world_n six_o milliars_n six_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o three_o million_o and_o seven_o ten_o thousand_o acre_n of_o land_n ut_fw-la supra_fw-la the_o use_n of_o this_o description_n to_o know_v the_o bigness_n of_o one_o country_n compare_v unto_o another_o country_n be_v for_o example_n england_n contain_v twenty_o nine_o measure_n and_o odd_a bohemia_n contain_v seven_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o low_a country_n be_v ten_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o england_n or_o thereabouts_o the_o monarchy_n of_o great_a britain_n be_v forty_o four_o measure_n and_o odd_a be_v as_o big_a as_o all_o italy_n and_o the_o five_o land_n of_o sicilia_n cyprus_n candia_n corsica_n and_o sardignia_n and_o be_v also_o more_o populous_a and_o so_o for_o all_o other_o country_n insomuch_o that_o england_n only_o contain_v twenty_o nine_o of_o those_o measure_n or_o million_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n of_o ground_n if_o we_o deduct_v the_o five_o million_o and_o 568_o thousand_o acre_n for_o wild_a &_o waste_a ground_n and_o highway_n england_n one_o penny_n a_o acre_n be_v one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n in_o england_n there_o will_v remain_v four_o and_o twenty_o million_o of_o acre_n which_o at_o one_o penny_n a_o acre_n amount_v to_o one_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n a_o
matter_n little_a sensible_a here_o may_v microcosmos_n the_o little_a world_n man_n behold_v how_o little_a the_o great_a world_n be_v which_o be_v make_v for_o he_o as_o a_o tabernacle_n where_o he_o have_v no_o abide_v place_n but_o travel_v as_o a_o pilgrim_n towards_o the_o celestial_a habitation_n with_o a_o thankful_a mind_n and_o remembrance_n of_o the_o mercy_n of_o god_n who_o have_v be_v mindful_a of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n and_o make_v he_o low_a than_o the_o angel_n to_o crown_v he_o with_o glory_n and_o worship_n psal._n 8._o thus_o much_o i_o think_v to_o demonstrate_v unto_o christian_a merchant_n touch_v the_o world_n before_o we_o entreat_v of_o the_o commodity_n whereby_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n be_v by_o they_o and_o other_o nation_n maintain_v according_a to_o the_o ancient_a verse_n currit_fw-la mercator_fw-la ad_fw-la indos_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o next_o chapter_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v mainetain_v genera_fw-la corporum_fw-la tria_fw-la sunt_fw-la genera_fw-la albeit_o that_o the_o aforesaid_a doctor_n of_o the_o civil_a law_n have_v declare_v that_o there_o be_v but_o three_o kind_n of_o body_n of_o thing_n namely_o 1_o quod_fw-la continetur_fw-la uno_fw-la spiritu_fw-la ut_fw-la homo_fw-la lapis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o be_v contain_v of_o one_o spirit_n as_o man_n and_o a_o stone_n or_o such_o like_a 2_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la pluribus_fw-la inter_fw-la se_fw-la coherentibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la edificium_fw-la navis_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o many_o thing_n join_v together_o as_o a_o building_n a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n 3_o quod_fw-la ex_fw-la distantibus_fw-la constat_fw-la ut_fw-la corpora_fw-la uno_fw-la nomine_fw-la subiecta_fw-la veluti_fw-la populus_fw-la legio_fw-la grex_fw-la etc._n etc._n which_o consist_v of_o distant_a thing_n as_o many_o body_n under_o one_o name_n a_o people_n a_o legion_n a_o flock_n and_o the_o like_a yet_o this_o definition_n be_v not_o complete_a concern_v the_o body_n of_o traffic_n and_o commerce_n consist_v of_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_v of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n as_o aforesaid_a which_o be_v to_o be_v describe_v in_o order_n and_o because_o commodity_n like_v unto_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n at_o the_o first_o by_o way_n of_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o they_o according_a to_o necessity_n and_o usefulness_n therefore_o may_v it_o be_v think_v convenient_a to_o set_v down_o in_o this_o place_n the_o particular_a commodity_n of_o all_o country_n and_o of_o some_o of_o they_o their_o value_n and_o estimation_n by_o mean_n whereof_o traffic_n and_o trade_n be_v establish_v and_o maintain_v that_o thereupon_o we_o may_v proceed_v according_o very_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o innocency_n all_o thing_n be_v common_a but_o alas_o this_o community_n of_o thing_n endure_v but_o a_o while_n and_o now_o by_o reason_n of_o our_o natural_a corruption_n and_o proneness_n to_o wrong_v one_o another_o there_o be_v a_o absolute_a necessity_n of_o propriety_n and_o several_a possession_n which_o be_v consonant_n to_o the_o law_n of_o god_n as_o well_o as_o found_v upon_o the_o law_n of_o man_n and_o consent_n of_o nation_n it_o be_v the_o voice_n of_o secondary_a nature_n this_o be_v my_o house_n this_o be_v my_o town_n and_o this_o be_v my_o servant_n etc._n etc._n whereby_o meum_fw-la &_o tuum_fw-la be_v distinguish_v the_o revocation_n of_o this_o communion_n of_o thing_n be_v the_o nerve_n and_o bond_n of_o humane_a society_n and_o the_o mother_n of_o labour_n and_o diligence_n who_o will_v till_o the_o ground_n if_o he_o hope_v not_o to_o taste_v of_o the_o crop_n of_o it_o sure_o all_o will_v be_v waste_n and_o desolate_a if_o man_n be_v to_o plant_v and_o build_v for_o every_o body_n that_o be_v nobody_o we_o see_v by_o experience_n that_o the_o strong_a will_v deprive_v other_o of_o the_o use_n of_o thing_n unless_o the_o law_n do_v interpose_v her_o authority_n which_o be_v two_o fold_n namely_o paterna_fw-la &_o politica_fw-la effect_v by_o the_o father_n of_o family_n and_o magistrate_n and_o herein_o be_v no_o other_o equality_n to_o be_v find_v concern_v thing_n but_o a_o mutual_a voluntary_a estimation_n of_o they_o according_a to_o the_o use_n and_o behoof_n of_o the_o say_a thing_n and_o the_o proverb_n be_v true_a that_o good_n hold_v in_o common_a be_v as_o it_o be_v no_o body_n good_n and_o not_o manure_v as_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v whereupon_o plato_n in_o his_o second_o commonwealth_n upon_o better_a consideration_n do_v revoke_v his_o former_a opinion_n of_o the_o community_n of_o good_n and_o use_v to_o say_v that_o no_o man_n be_v a_o gainer_n but_o another_o become_v a_o loose_a which_o have_v a_o over_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o property_n of_o good_n and_o if_o there_o be_v no_o property_n of_o good_n all_o traffic_n will_v cease_v nevertheless_o the_o equality_n and_o equity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o commerce_n must_v be_v observe_v to_o avoid_v the_o overballance_a of_o commodity_n as_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n be_v mention_v which_o require_v a_o three_o consideration_n of_o a_o other_o kind_n of_o equality_n for_o as_o we_o have_v note_v with_o aristotle_n riches_n be_v either_o natural_a or_o artificial_a the_o natural_a riches_n as_o land_n vine_n forest_n meadow_n and_o the_o like_a the_o artificial_a as_o money_n gold_n silver_n cloth_n and_o all_o other_o manufacture_n and_o household_n stuffe_n now_o as_o this_o artificial_a riches_n be_v proceed_v of_o the_o natural_a riches_n and_o that_o both_o these_o do_v receive_v their_o price_n and_o estimation_n by_o money_n so_o reason_n require_v a_o certain_a equality_n between_o they_o which_o we_o find_v to_o be_v defective_a which_o be_v concern_v the_o price_n of_o land_n to_o prove_v our_o assertion_n we_o can_v hardly_o make_v this_o inequality_n appear_v albeit_o we_o do_v find_v the_o want_n of_o the_o treasure_n transport_v from_o we_o into_o the_o part_n beyond_o the_o sea_n for_o it_o befall_v unto_o we_o concern_v money_n and_o wealth_n as_o it_o do_v to_o a_o general_n of_o a_o camp_n of_o ten_o thousand_o suppose_v arm_v man_n whereof_o muster_n be_v take_v at_o several_a time_n and_o upon_o several_a day_n all_o of_o they_o be_v find_v to_o be_v arm_v because_o they_o lend_v their_o armour_n to_o each_o other_o whereas_o if_o they_o be_v all_o muster_v in_o a_o day_n and_o at_o one_o instant_a a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o will_v be_v find_v to_o want_v armour_n so_o the_o like_a want_n of_o money_n and_o wealth_n will_v be_v find_v if_o rich_a man_n be_v examine_v for_o their_o personal_a estate_n upon_o any_o urgent_a occasion_n and_o now_o let_v we_o examine_v the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n begin_v from_o the_o east_n and_o end_n in_o the_o west_n of_o the_o goodness_n and_o value_n of_o east_n india_n commodity_n the_o merchant_n trade_n for_o the_o east_n indies_n take_v beginning_n in_o england_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o at_o which_o time_n spice_n and_o all_o other_o commodity_n be_v buy_v for_o the_o price_n hereafter_o declare_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o portugal_n tongue_n with_o my_o addition_n and_o observation_n concern_v the_o goodness_n of_o those_o commodity_n clove_n clove_n clove_n grow_v in_o the_o land_n of_o molucco_n be_v clean_o of_o stalk_n by_o the_o portugal_n call_v fusty_n fuss_n fuss_n be_v sell_v for_o fifty_o pardaos_n the_o kintal_n or_o the_o 100_o weight_n of_o 112_o will_v correspondent_a with_o our_o london_n quintal_n or_o hundred_o account_v the_o pardao_n or_o ducatt_n at_o 5_o ss_z be_v about_o 27_o penny_n the_o pound_n there_o be_v another_o lean_a and_o dry_a sort_n of_o clove_n call_v cravo_n di_fw-it bastao_n which_o be_v sell_v for_o 25_o ducat_n which_o the_o portugall_n do_v mingle_v many_o time_n the_o difference_n be_v half_a in_o half_n in_o price_n and_o the_o pound_n at_o 13_o ½_n penny_n mace_n mace_n mace_n be_v of_o a_o fair_a colour_n and_o large_a which_o grow_v upon_o the_o nutmeg_n and_o be_v have_v also_o in_o the_o island_n of_o bantan_n be_v sell_v for_o 74_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o which_o be_v 40_o penny_n starling_n the_o pound_n nuttmeg_n nuttmeg_n nutmeg_n in_o the_o say_a place_n be_v sell_v for_o 15_o ducat_n be_v 75_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o the_o pound_n weight_n eight_o penny_n starling_n ginger_n ginger_n ginger_n be_v dry_a from_o calicout_n call_v belledin_n or_o ash_n colour_n ginger_n at_o 9_o ducat_n the_o hundred_o be_v 45_o ss_z and_o the_o pound_n at_o 5_o penny_n or_o thereabouts_o there_o be_v a_o inferior_a sort_n call_v mechino_n of_o six_o ducat_n the_o quintall_n ginger_n in_o conserve_v at_o 13_o ½_n ducat_n be_v about_o 7_o ½_n penny_n the_o pound_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n cinnamon_n of_o zeilan_n grow_v in_o that_o island_n be_v sell_v at_o thirty_o
find_v pretty_a store_n of_o pearl_n and_o the_o climate_n be_v cold_a make_v the_o colour_n of_o they_o to_o be_v dim_a albeit_o i_o have_v see_v some_o very_a fair_a and_o pendant_n also_o the_o small_a pearl_n be_v also_o very_o wholesome_a in_o medicinable_a potion_n of_o the_o commodity_n of_o great_a britain_n england_n england_n the_o commodity_n of_o great_a britain_n contain_v the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n and_o scotland_n and_o the_o dominion_n of_o wales_n be_v rich_a and_o staple_n ware_n and_o very_o abundant_a with_o a_o continual_a increase_n namely_o woollen_a clothes_n of_o all_o sort_n broad_a and_o narrow_a long_a and_o short_a call_v and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o several_a shire_n be_v 250_o thousand_o clothes_n make_v yearly_a beside_o the_o new_a drapery_n of_o perpetuanaes_n and_o the_o like_a commodity_n tin_n wrought_v and_o unwrought_a above_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n yearly_a lead_v transport_v and_o use_v above_o eight_o thousand_o fodder_n every_o year_n allome_n make_v in_o abundance_n above_o seven_o hundred_o ton_n yearly_a copperas_n make_v according_a to_o the_o quantity_n use_v some_o 250_o ton_n yearly_a iron_n of_o all_o sort_n set_v 800_o furnace_n on_o work_n iron_n ordnance_n or_o cast_v piece_n according_a to_o occasion_v make_v wool_n and_o woolfels_n and_o calf_n skin_n in_o great_a quantity_n and_o conie_z skin_z stocking_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o silk_n wool_n and_o yarnsey_n yearn_n and_o wool_n buffin_n mocadoe_n grograine_v satin_n calamancos_fw-la velvet_n worsted_n sarges_n fustian_n durance_n tukes_n and_o all_o other_o norwich_n ware_n and_o stuff_v saffron_n the_o best_a that_o can_v be_v find_v in_o any_o country_n glass_n and_o glass_n of_o all_o sort_n venice_n gold_n sea-coal_n and_o salt_n scotland_n scotland_n scots-coale_n wheat_n barley_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n in_o both_o kingdom_n linen_n cloth_n and_o all_o ironmonger_n ware_n hide_n tallow_n leather_n dress_v and_o undress_v train_n oil_n salmon_n pilchard_n herring_n hake_n conger_n red-herring_n hops_n woad_n butter_n cheese_n beer_n saltpetre_n and_o gunpowder_n honey_n and_o wax_n alabaster_n and_o many_o other_o stone_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n be_v ireland_n ireland_n woolles_n felles_n yarn_n fur_n flax_n linen_n cloth_n hides_n tallow_n hemp_n honey_n wax_n herring_n cod_n hake-fish_n salmond_n eel_n rug_n mantle_n irish_a cloth_n pipestave_n iron_n and_o lead_v wheat_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o grain_n salt-beefe_n butter_n and_o cheese_n and_o many_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o france_n be_v have_v prune_n canvas_n linen_n cloth_n salt_n velvet_n raw_a silk_n france_n france_n and_o diverse_a stuff_n of_o silk_n buckrame_n box_n with_o comb_n paper_n play_v card_n glass_n graine_n to_o die_v resin_n wheat_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o graine_n corn_n the_o commodity_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n be_v wool_n madera_n sugar_n almond_n wine_n oil_n annyseed_n portugal_n spain_n and_o portugal_n anchovy_n bay-berry_n bariglia_n fig_n raisin_n traine-oyle_n iron_n orange_n lemon_n sumacke_n saffron_n soap_n coriander_n cork_n liquorice_n woad_n and_o the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n sugar_n of_o brazill_n fernandebucke_n wood_n tobacco_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o commodity_n of_o italy_n and_o certain_a land_n venice_n gold_n velvet_n sattines_n cypress_n silk_n italy_n italy_n cloth_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n cottone_n fustian_n wine_n curran_n clove_n rash_n rice_n sarcenets_n raw_a silk_n allome_n and_o vitriol_n glass_n and_o other_o manufacture_n the_o commodity_n of_o germany_n and_o place_n adjoin_v woolles_n argall_n steele_n latin_a copper_n iron_n germany_n germany_n and_o all_o kind_n of_o manufacture_n make_v of_o they_o copperas_n allome_n lead_v fustian_n paper_n linen_n cloth_n quicksilver_n bell-mettall_n tin_n rhenish_a wine_n and_o mather_n the_o commodity_n of_o east-land_n and_o thereabouts_o ash_n bowstave_n cable_n canvas_n buffe-hides_a flax_n hemp_n eastland_n eastland_n honey_n wax_n stockfish_n spruce_a iron_n match_n wheat_n rye_n meal_n woolles_n waynscott_n pitch_n and_o tar_n and_o linen_n cloth_n cordage_n and_o rope_n the_o commodity_n of_o denmark_n and_o norway_n and_o sweaden_a wheat_n rye_n woolles_n deal_v clapboord_n pipe-stave_n sweaden_n denmark_n norway_n &_o sweaden_n mast_n wainscot_n copper_n timber_n fish_n and_o fur_n allome_n in_o some_o place_n the_o commodity_n of_o russia_n russia_n russia_n tallow_n hides_n caviar_n abundance_n of_o rich_a fur_n black_a fox_n martin_n sables_n and_o the_o like_a honey_n wax_n cable_n rope_n and_o cordage_n the_o commodity_n of_o barbary_n barbary_n barbary_n goat_n skin_n almond_n date_n aneale_n gum_n feather_n saltpetre_n gold_n plentiful_o and_o from_o guynea_n hides_n oliphant_n tooth_n and_o graine_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o low_a country_n country_n low_a country_n tapestry_n battery_n work_n steel_n cambric_n lawn_n hop_n mather_n butter_n cheese_n grograine_v bozatoe_n chamblet_n mocadoe_n brush_n tape_n linen_n cloth_n pot_n bottle_n wheat_n rye_n salt_n chimney_n back_n blade_n horse_n soap_n fish_n herring_n cod_n ling_n and_o many_o thing_n as_o diaper_n smalt_n hoop_n of_o iron_n the_o commodity_n of_o the_o west_n indies_n from_o the_o low_a country_n begin_v the_o west_n india_n trade_n let_v we_o set_v down_o the_o commodity_n of_o it_o see_v that_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n have_v make_v late_o a_o society_n of_o merchant_n bear_v date_n the_o nine_o of_o june_n 1621._o wherein_o other_o nation_n may_v be_v advenror_n as_o by_o their_o letter_n patent_n appear_v prohibit_v all_o other_o their_o subject_n or_o inhabitant_n that_o they_o shall_v not_o trade_v from_o the_o say_a country_n nor_o out_o or_o from_o any_o other_o kingdom_n and_o country_n whatsoever_o etc._n letter_n patent_n for_o the_o west_n india_n trade_n by_o the_o state_n etc._n etc._n unto_o the_o coast_n and_o country_n of_o africa_n from_o tropicus_fw-la cancri_fw-la along_o to_o the_o cape_n of_o bona_n speranza_n neither_o in_o the_o country_n of_o america_n from_o the_o south_n end_n of_o magellanes_n le_fw-fr mary_n and_o other_o strait_n to_o the_o strait_n of_o anian_a on_o every_o side_n nova_fw-la guinea_n include_v upon_o forfeiture_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o good_n and_o all_o their_o possession_n within_o their_o jurisdiction_n and_o command_n and_o arrest_n of_o their_o person_n unless_o they_o be_v of_o the_o say_a company_n make_v and_o establish_v for_o the_o west_n india_n trade_n gold_n and_o silver_n cucheneale_n sugar_n rich_a indigo_n donnigo_n ginger_n pearl_n emerald_n hide_n campeche_n or_o logwood_n salsaparilla_n tobacco_n canafistula_n cocos-wood_n lignum_fw-la aquavitae_fw-la cottonwooll_n salt_n and_o some_o other_o drug_n for_o physic_n or_o die_v of_o stuff_v and_o this_o may_v suffice_v for_o a_o declaration_n of_o the_o principal_a commodity_n of_o most_o country_n chap._n viii_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n we_o have_v compare_v commodity_n unto_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n which_o do_v uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodite_n before_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o to_o entreat_v for_o commutation_n barter_n or_o truck_v of_o commodity_n be_v first_o effect_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o deliver_v one_o commodity_n for_o another_o according_a to_o the_o commodious_a and_o behooveful_a use_n of_o man_n so_o that_o one_o do_v deliver_v so_o many_o measure_n of_o corn_n for_o so_o many_o measure_n of_o salt_n as_o be_v agree_v upon_o another_o so_o many_o pound_n of_o wool_n against_o so_o many_o pound_n of_o pepper_n sugar_n or_o other_o commodity_n a_o other_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o such_o a_o commodity_n for_o such_o a_o commodity_n or_o so_o many_o hide_v for_o one_o bar_n of_o iron_n or_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o silver_n uncoyn_v but_o weigh_v and_o exchange_v as_o yet_o be_v use_v in_o some_o place_n of_o america_n barbary_n and_o guynea_n and_o other_o country_n this_o may_v be_v proper_o call_v a_o exchange_n of_o commodity_n or_o rather_o a_o permutation_n of_o commodity_n albeit_o the_o civilians_n when_o there_o be_v scarcity_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n in_o a_o country_n and_o when_o the_o commodity_n in_o value_n surmount_v the_o money_n pay_v for_o they_o they_o do_v call_v that_o a_o permutation_n and_o deny_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o emption_n by_o their_o distinction_n how_o soever_o this_o manner_n of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n be_v make_v by_o number_n weight_n and_o measure_n of_o commodity_n in_o kind_n but_o money_n be_v invent_v and_o value_v by_o the_o public_a authority_n of_o prince_n according_a to_o their_o several_a stamp_n or_o coin_n and_o by_o common_a consent_n make_v publicae_fw-la mensura_fw-la or_o the_o public_a measure_n to_o set_v a_o price_n upon_o every_o thing_n this_o commutation_n barter_n or_o exchange_v of_o commodity_n for_o commodity_n be_v and_o be_v since_o that_o time_n make_v
and_o rechange_n for_o it_o after_o a_o great_a rate_n and_o nevertheless_o they_o will_v be_v sure_a to_o have_v pepper_n or_o any_o other_o commodity_n at_o a_o certain_a rate_n agree_v upon_o between_o they_o fleet._n money_n payable_a at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o fleet._n or_o else_o in_o ready_a money_n payable_a also_o at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o say_a west-indies_n fleet_n albeit_o they_o do_v not_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o silver_n bullion_n or_o royal_n of_o eight_o rather_o admit_v a_o clause_n that_o if_o the_o treasure_n do_v miscarry_v they_o shall_v have_v their_o money_n repay_v within_o a_o certain_a time_n and_o interest_n of_o 7_o ê‘_n 100_o unless_o it_o be_v they_o agree_v for_o the_o pepper_n belong_v to_o the_o king_n for_o many_o year_n to_o be_v take_v at_o a_o reasonable_a price_n they_o bear_v the_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n as_o the_o lord_n foulker_n of_o germany_n do_v contract_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o with_o philip_n the_o second_o king_n of_o spain_n whereby_o they_o become_v loser_n by_o the_o take_n of_o the_o great_a carrack_n the_o mother_n of_o god_n at_o the_o sea_n the_o next_o year_n follow_v now_o because_o in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n we_o have_v speak_v of_o a_o bank_n and_o the_o payment_n of_o banker_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a to_o entreat_v thereof_o before_o any_o further_o proceed_v to_o the_o end_n this_o matter_n may_v be_v understand_v of_o every_o merchant_n and_o other_o chap._n xx._n of_o bank_n and_o banker_n a_o bank_n be_v proper_o a_o collection_n of_o all_o the_o ready_a money_n of_o some_o kingdom_n bank_n the_o description_n of_o a_o bank_n commonwealth_n or_o province_n as_o also_o of_o a_o particular_a city_n or_o town_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o some_o person_n license_v and_o establish_v thereunto_o by_o public_a authority_n of_o some_o king_n prince_z or_o commonwealth_n erect_v with_o great_a solemnity_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o city_n commonwealth_n or_o kingdom_n with_o a_o intimation_n thereof_o make_v diverse_a time_n to_o be_v upon_o such_o a_o day_n in_o the_o open_a market_n place_n where_o a_o scaffold_n be_v purposely_o erect_v with_o a_o ostentation_n of_o great_a store_n of_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n suppose_v to_o belong_v to_o these_o person_n or_o banker_n so_o establish_v which_o be_v unto_o they_o a_o attractive_a power_n to_o persuade_v and_o allure_v the_o common_a people_n to_o bring_v their_o money_n into_o these_o banker_n hand_n where_o at_o all_o time_n they_o may_v command_v it_o and_o have_v it_o again_o at_o their_o own_o pleasure_n with_o allow_v they_o only_o a_o small_a matter_n of_o five_o upon_o every_o thousand_o ducat_n or_o crown_n when_o any_o man_n will_v retire_v or_o draw_v his_o money_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n again_o which_o although_o it_o be_v but_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o during_o all_o that_o time_n they_o be_v to_o have_v no_o more_o so_o that_o these_o person_n or_o banker_n do_v become_v as_o it_o be_v the_o general_a servant_n or_o cashier_v of_o that_o province_n city_n or_o commonwealth_n these_o banker_n as_o they_o have_v their_o company_n factor_n or_o correspondence_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o trade_n in_o europe_n so_o must_v they_o also_o keep_v account_n with_o every_o man_n of_o who_o they_o have_v receive_v any_o money_n into_o their_o bank_n out_o of_o which_o number_n no_o man_n of_o that_o jurisdiction_n be_v almost_o exempt_v but_o general_o all_o man_n be_v desirous_a to_o please_v they_o and_o to_o bring_v their_o ready_a money_n into_o their_o bank_n as_o also_o such_o money_n as_o they_o have_v in_o foreign_a part_n in_o regard_v whereof_o these_o banker_n do_v give_v they_o great_a credit_n for_o if_o any_o man_n have_v occasion_n to_o bestow_v in_o merchandise_n or_o to_o pay_v in_o money_n 3_o or_o four_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o have_v but_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o the_o bank_n the_o banker_n will_v pay_v it_o for_o he_o more_o or_o less_o as_o the_o party_n be_v well_o know_v or_o credit_v without_o take_v any_o gain_n for_o it_o although_o it_o be_v for_o 3_o 4_o 6_o or_o more_o month_n this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o great_a commodity_n as_o no_o doubt_n it_o be_v to_o man_n in_o particular_a but_o be_v well_o consider_v of_o it_o will_v be_v find_v a_o small_a friendship_n and_o no_o more_o in_o effect_n than_o if_o a_o man_n do_v participate_v the_o light_n of_o his_o candle_n to_o another_o man_n candle_n for_o what_o be_v this_o credit_n or_o what_o be_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o bank_n but_o almost_o or_o rather_o altogether_o imaginary_a as_o for_o example_n payment_n the_o manner_n of_o the_o banker_n payment_n peter_n have_v two_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o bank_n john_n have_v three_o thousand_o and_o william_n four_o thousand_o and_o so_o consequent_o other_o more_z or_o less_o peter_n have_v occasion_n to_o pay_v unto_o john_n one_o thousand_o ducat_n he_o go_v to_o the_o banker_n at_o the_o appoint_a hour_n which_o be_v certain_a both_o in_o the_o forenoon_n and_o afternoon_n and_o require_v they_o to_o pay_v one_o thousand_o ducat_n unto_o john_n whereupon_o they_o present_o make_v peter_n debtor_n for_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n and_o john_n creditor_n for_o the_o same_o sum_n so_o that_o peter_n have_v assign_v unto_o john_n one_o thousand_o ducat_n have_v now_o no_o more_o but_o one_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o bank_n where_o he_o have_v two_o thousand_o before_o and_o john_n have_v four_o thousand_o ducat_n in_o the_o same_o bank_n where_o he_o have_v but_o three_o thousand_o before_o and_o so_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n of_o assignation_n john_n do_v pay_v unto_o william_n and_o william_n unto_o other_o without_o that_o any_o money_n be_v touch_v but_o remain_v still_o in_o the_o banker_n hand_n which_o within_o a_o short_a time_n after_o the_o erection_n of_o the_o bank_n amount_v unto_o many_o million_o and_o by_o their_o industry_n they_o do_v incorporate_v the_o same_o which_o may_v easy_o be_v understand_v if_o we_o do_v but_o consider_v what_o the_o ready_a money_n and_o wealth_n of_o london_n will_v come_v unto_o if_o it_o be_v gather_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n much_o more_o if_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o riches_n of_o other_o country_n be_v add_v thereunto_o as_o these_o banker_n can_v cunning_o compass_v by_o the_o course_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v whereof_o be_v cause_v by_o their_o motion_n from_o time_n to_o time_n as_o in_o our_o treatise_n of_o exchange_n be_v declare_v but_o some_o will_v say_v or_o demand_v can_v a_o man_n have_v any_o ready_a money_n out_o of_o the_o banker_n hand_n if_o he_o have_v occasion_n to_o use_v it_o yes_o that_o he_o can_v but_o before_o he_o have_v it_o they_o will_v be_v so_o bold_a as_o to_o know_v for_o what_o purpose_n he_o demand_v the_o same_o or_o what_o he_o will_v do_v with_o it_o if_o it_o be_v to_o pay_v 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second_o and_o three_o hand_n so_o that_o they_o once_o be_v possess_v of_o money_n they_o will_v hardly_o be_v dispossess_v and_o their_o payment_n be_v in_o effect_n all_o by_o assignation_n and_o imaginary_a and_o if_o they_o have_v any_o money_n in_o bank_n belong_v unto_o widow_n and_o orphan_n or_o any_o other_o person_n that_o have_v no_o occasion_n to_o use_v the_o same_o they_o will_v allow_v they_o interest_n after_o four_o or_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o in_o the_o year_n at_o the_o most_o and_o that_o upon_o especial_a favour_n for_o every_o man_n seek_v to_o please_v they_o as_o in_o matter_n where_o commodum_fw-la privatum_fw-la bear_v the_o rule_n for_o they_o can_v easy_o please_v man_n in_o particular_a in_o give_v they_o some_o credit_n of_o that_o great_a
and_o to_o conclude_v concern_v fraightment_n and_o charterpaâ—ties_n let_v we_o observe_v that_o equity_n in_o all_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v and_o especial_o in_o sea-fairing_n cause_n and_o cavillation_n be_v to_o be_v avoid_v as_o for_o example_n a_o merchant_n freight_v a_o ship_n with_o all_o his_o furniture_n by_o the_o month_n and_o put_v into_o she_o the_o master_n and_o mariner_n and_o victual_v the_o same_o at_o his_o charge_n and_o make_v a_o charterpartie_n with_o the_o owner_n promise_v to_o pay_v for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o ship_n and_o furniture_n twenty_o pound_n every_o month_n at_o her_o return_n into_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n and_o so_o lade_v in_o she_o for_o the_o strait_n regard_v equity_n in_o seafaring_a cause_n much_o to_o be_v regard_v and_o to_o go_v from_o port_n to_o port_n in_o several_a place_n with_o merchandise_n and_o after_o two_o year_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v take_v her_o lade_n in_o barbary_n come_v for_o london_n and_o by_o storm_n and_o tempest_n the_o ship_n be_v cast_v away_o near_o dover_n and_o the_o good_n be_v save_v hereupon_o the_o merchant_n deny_v to_o pay_v the_o freight_n monthly_o to_o be_v reckon_v because_o the_o ship_n do_v not_o arrive_v in_o the_o river_n of_o thames_n according_a to_o the_o word_n in_o the_o charterpartie_n herein_o the_o owner_n be_v much_o wrong_v for_o the_o money_n be_v due_a monthly_a and_o the_o place_n be_v name_v only_o to_o signify_v the_o time_n when_o the_o money_n be_v due_a to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o ship_n deserve_v wage_n like_a unto_o a_o labourer_n or_o like_o a_o mariner_n which_o serve_v by_o the_o month_n who_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o time_n he_o have_v serve_v although_o he_o die_v before_o the_o voyage_n be_v end_v as_o we_o find_v daily_o that_o the_o east-indies_n company_n pay_v to_o their_o wife_n or_o friend_n the_o labourer_n be_v worthy_a of_o his_o hire_n the_o ship_n be_v not_o freight_v by_o the_o great_a to_o run_v that_o adventure_n which_o be_v note_v before_o neither_o be_v she_o want_v her_o furniture_n of_o cable_n anchor_n sail_n rope_n or_o any_o thing_n whereby_o she_o be_v disable_v to_o perform_v the_o voyage_n and_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o the_o cast_v away_o for_o if_o it_o be_v so_o then_o there_o be_v great_a cause_n give_v to_o deny_v the_o payment_n of_o the_o freight_n again_o where_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o the_o say_a owner_n have_v make_v assurance_n upon_o the_o ship_n for_o more_o than_o the_o same_o be_v worth_a and_o do_v thereby_o recover_v of_o the_o assuror_n a_o benefit_n towards_o his_o loss_n this_o do_v not_o concern_v the_o merchant_n but_o the_o assuror_n and_o if_o the_o assurance_n be_v orderly_o make_v the_o say_a assuror_n have_v pay_v the_o same_o due_o that_o be_v to_o say_v if_o the_o policy_n or_o writing_n of_o assurance_n do_v declare_v that_o the_o owner_n do_v value_v his_o ship_n in_o such_o a_o sum_n whereof_o hereafter_o you_o may_v read_v in_o the_o proper_a place_n entreat_v of_o the_o nature_n of_o assurance_n a_o merchant_n value_v one_o barrel_n of_o saffroh_n at_o 1000_o will_v have_v private_o put_v so_o much_o in_o gold_n in_o the_o same_o the_o gold_n be_v take_v but_o the_o saffron_n be_v deliver_v and_o the_o assuror_n do_v pay_v for_o the_o gold_n and_o the_o like_a be_v for_o pearl_n or_o other_o thing_n so_o value_v item_n when_o coffer_n pack_n or_o pipe_n and_o other_o mark_v commodity_n or_o good_n be_v deliver_v close_o pack_v or_o seal_v and_o afterward_o shall_v be_v receive_v open_a and_o loose_a the_o master_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v for_o it_o until_o a_o due_a trial_n and_o that_o consideration_n thereof_o be_v have_v he_o must_v also_o answer_v for_o the_o harm_n which_o rat_n do_v in_o the_o ship_n to_o any_o merchandise_n for_o want_n of_o a_o cat._n the_o merchant_n on_o the_o other_o side_n be_v to_o be_v bind_v by_o the_o say_a charterpartie_n to_o pay_v the_o freight_n of_o the_o good_n by_o he_o lade_v either_o by_o the_o last_o tun_n or_o by_o the_o pack_n and_o fardel_n according_a to_o the_o agreement_n account_v for_o a_o last_o tun_n or_o other_o thing_n after_o the_o rate_n of_o a_o tun_n lade_v wherein_o pesterable_a ware_n which_o take_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o room_n be_v except_v and_o must_v be_v agree_v for_o and_o the_o good_n lade_v be_v liable_a for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o freight_n the_o merchant_n likewise_o do_v covenant_n to_o pay_v pilotage_n if_o a_o pilot_n be_v use_v to_o bring_v the_o ship_n into_o the_o harbour_n also_o primage_n and_o petilodmanidge_n to_o the_o master_n for_o the_o use_n of_o his_o cable_n to_o discharge_v the_o good_n petilodmenidge_n pilotage_n primage_n petilodmenidge_n and_o to_o the_o mariner_n to_o charge_n and_o discharge_v they_o which_o may_v be_v six_o penny_n or_o twelve_o penny_n for_o the_o tun_n lade_v with_o some_o other_o clause_n and_o agreement_n make_v between_o the_o say_a merchant_n and_o master_n wherein_o it_o be_v not_o a_o miss_n to_o limit_v a_o good_a sum_n of_o money_n on_o either_o side_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o the_o performance_n of_o the_o charterpartie_n and_o to_o covenant_n the_o same_o by_o the_o say_a charterpartie_n whereof_o i_o do_v here_o prescribe_v but_o one_o form_n consider_v the_o diversity_n of_o condition_n therein_o use_v as_o the_o merchant_n and_o master_n can_v agree_v which_o every_o scrivener_n do_v usual_o make_v according_o as_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v rehearse_v *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n his_o power_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o master_n to_o the_o merchant_n oleron_n law_n of_o oleron_n the_o whole_a power_n and_o charge_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v commit_v to_o the_o master_n require_v a_o stay_a man_n and_o of_o experience_n whereunto_o the_o owner_n be_v to_o take_v great_a heed_n for_o his_o power_n be_v describe_v partly_o by_o the_o owner_n or_o setter_n forth_o of_o the_o ship_n and_o partly_o by_o the_o common-law_n of_o the_o sea_n by_o mean_n and_o virtue_n whereof_o the_o master_n may_v if_o need_v be_v borrow_v money_n in_o a_o strange_a country_n with_o the_o advice_n of_o his_o company_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o tackle_n or_o furniture_n of_o the_o ship_n or_o else_o sell_v some_o of_o the_o merchant_n good_n provide_v that_o the_o merchant_n be_v repay_v again_o at_o the_o high_a price_n that_o the_o like_a good_n be_v sell_v for_o at_o the_o market_n which_o be_v do_v the_o freight_n of_o those_o good_n so_o sell_v and_o repay_v shall_v be_v also_o repay_v by_o the_o master_n to_o the_o owner_n of_o the_o ship_n aswell_o as_o the_o freight_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o merchant_n good_n except_o the_o ship_n perish_v in_o the_o voyage_n in_o this_o case_n only_o the_o price_n that_o the_o good_n be_v buy_v for_o shall_v be_v render_v and_o for_o no_o other_o cause_n may_v the_o master_n take_v up_o money_n or_o sell_v any_o of_o the_o merchant_n good_n although_o it_o be_v in_o the_o danger_n of_o shipwreck_n etc._n the_o duty_n of_o a_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n etc._n etc._n such_o be_v the_o duty_n of_o a_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n that_o be_v provident_a that_o he_o ought_v not_o to_o make_v sail_n and_o put_v forth_o to_o sea_n without_o the_o advice_n and_o consent_n of_o the_o most_o part_n of_o his_o company_n especial_o when_o the_o weather_n be_v stormy_a otherwise_o he_o shall_v answer_v the_o damage_n that_o come_v thereby_o principal_o if_o he_o have_v not_o provide_v a_o expert_a pilot_n or_o if_o the_o ship_n happen_v to_o fall_v over_o in_o the_o harbour_n the_o master_n shall_v be_v punish_v also_o by_o damage_n if_o the_o overloope_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v untyth_n or_o the_o pump_n be_v faulty_a or_o a_o sufficient_a cover_n be_v want_v especial_o for_o corn_n victual_v and_o such_o like_a commodity_n he_o be_v also_o before_o his_o departure_n to_o deliver_v the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o person_n which_o he_o be_v to_o transport_v and_o of_o his_o mariner_n which_o with_o we_o be_v but_o late_o establish_v and_o at_o his_o return_n he_o be_v to_o deliver_v a_o true_a inventory_n of_o the_o good_n of_o any_o person_n which_o shall_v happen_v to_o depart_v this_o life_n in_o that_o voyage_n not_o only_o because_o his_o kindred_n and_o friend_n may_v have_v intelligence_n of_o it_o but_o also_o because_o their_o good_n may_v be_v safe_a and_o forthcoming_a for_o one_o whole_a year_n of_o which_o good_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o bed_n and_o appurtenance_n may_v be_v take_v by_o the_o master_n and_o his_o mate_n to_o their_o use_n as_o also_o such_o clothing_n and_o other_o thing_n then_o upon_o his_o body_n may_v be_v deliver_v to_o the_o boatman_n and_o the_o
anne_n his_o majesty_n consort_n for_o her_o land_n there_o he_o take_v not_o the_o benefit_n hereof_o as_o he_o may_v have_v do_v but_o the_o say_a queen_n have_v the_o same_o in_o like_a manner_n a_o deo_fw-la dando_fw-la or_o deodant_fw-la appertain_v to_o the_o admiral_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o thing_n whether_o ship_n or_o boat_n that_o cause_v the_o death_n of_o a_o man_n or_o whereby_o a_o man_n do_v perish_v unaware_o to_o conclude_v this_o point_n let_v we_o remember_v that_o in_o cause_n of_o spoil_n it_o be_v sufficient_a by_o the_o law_n of_o england_n for_o the_o spoil_v to_o prove_v his_o good_n by_o his_o mark_n and_o the_o shipwreck_n may_v not_o only_o be_v prove_v by_o the_o person_n live_v but_o also_o by_o the_o person_n who_o be_v present_a at_o the_o preparation_n of_o their_o voyage_n even_o their_o own_o parent_n and_o child_n if_o none_o of_o the_o ship_n break_v be_v alive_a chap._n xxx_o of_o partner_n of_o ship_n and_o voyage_n forasmuch_o as_o partner_n and_o owner_n of_o ship_n can_v be_v constrain_v by_o the_o law_n to_o remain_v in_o partenership_n although_o they_o have_v make_v a_o covenant_n never_o to_o sunder_v or_o separate_v themselves_o therefore_o be_v there_o many_o consideration_n to_o be_v have_v and_o require_v in_o the_o same_o and_o first_o it_o be_v general_o observe_v and_o accustom_v that_o if_o owner_n of_o a_o ship_n new_o build_v or_o buy_v between_o they_o shall_v fall_v out_o and_o be_v at_o variance_n the_o say_a ship_n shall_v be_v employ_v and_o make_v one_o voyage_n first_o oleron_n law_n of_o oleron_n upon_o their_o common_a charge_n and_o adventure_n before_o any_o of_o the_o partner_n be_v hear_v to_o sunder_v and_o discharge_v their_o part_n and_o after_o that_o if_o they_o can_v agree_v he_o who_o desire_v to_o be_v free_a be_v to_o offer_v to_o the_o rest_n his_o part_n and_o to_o set_v the_o same_o upon_o a_o price_n as_o he_o will_v either_o hold_v or_o sell_v which_o if_o he_o will_v not_o do_v and_o yet_o refuse_v to_o set_v the_o ship_n forth_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o partner_n then_o may_v they_o rig_v the_o say_a ship_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n and_o also_o upon_o the_o adventure_n of_o the_o refuser_n so_o far_o as_o his_o part_n do_v extend_v without_o any_o account_n to_o be_v make_v unto_o he_o of_o any_o part_n of_o the_o profit_n at_o her_o return_n but_o they_o be_v only_o bind_v to_o he_o to_o bring_v she_o home_o safe_a or_o the_o value_n of_o his_o part_n to_o be_v answerable_a for_o and_o that_o just_o because_o ship_n be_v make_v and_o invent_v in_o common_a for_o the_o use_n of_o all_o man_n even_o of_o they_o that_o dwell_v in_o the_o mountain_n as_o on_o the_o sea_n coast_n and_o ordain_v for_o sail_v and_o not_o to_o lie_v idle_a and_o unoccupied_a but_o if_o the_o person_n who_o have_v most_o part_n of_o the_o ship_n refuse_v to_o abide_v in_o partenership_n with_o he_o who_o have_v a_o small_a part_n that_o neither_o he_o can_v sell_v his_o part_n at_o a_o price_n without_o great_a loss_n nor_o be_v yet_o able_a for_o want_v of_o mean_n to_o attain_v or_o buy_v their_o part_n then_o be_v they_o all_o bind_v to_o put_v the_o ship_n to_o a_o appraisement_n and_o so_o to_o dispose_v of_o she_o by_o sale_n or_o set_v of_o she_o forth_o on_o a_o voyage_n according_o by_o mean_n whereof_o their_o discord_n may_v be_v end_v and_o the_o ship_n not_o spoil_v and_o if_o for_o want_n of_o buyer_n in_o that_o place_n the_o poor_a partner_n can_v neither_o avoid_v the_o oppression_n of_o the_o rich_a nor_o yet_o the_o rich_a satisfy_v the_o poor_a man_n which_o may_v also_o be_v wilful_a then_o may_v the_o judge_n of_o the_o admiralty_n or_o the_o ordinary_a judge_n deal_n and_o decree_v the_o same_o as_o he_o may_v do_v in_o omnibus_fw-la alijs_fw-la bonae_fw-la fidei_fw-la actionibus_fw-la and_o consider_v of_o all_o the_o circumstance_n of_o the_o person_n of_o the_o matter_n of_o their_o difference_n and_o of_o their_o motive_n that_o thereupon_o he_o may_v administer_v justice_n in_o give_v every_o man_n his_o due_a right_n in_o case_n where_o owner_n do_v agree_v and_o voyage_n be_v undertake_v there_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v place_v by_o the_o owner_n owner_n a_o master_n place_v by_o the_o owner_n and_o they_o ought_v to_o make_v good_a the_o master_n fact_n and_o deed_n so_o that_o the_o master_n may_v lay_v his_o action_n upon_o any_o one_o of_o the_o owner_n but_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o owner_n shall_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la of_o their_o portion_n be_v contributory_a thereunto_o except_o the_o handle_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v so_o several_o divide_v among_o they_o or_o that_o the_o master_n have_v not_o his_o power_n and_o commission_n of_o they_o all_o or_o that_o the_o master_n have_v bind_v himself_o above_o his_o commission_n as_o if_o he_o have_v take_v up_o money_n to_o mend_v the_o ship_n when_o as_o he_o need_v it_o not_o or_o that_o he_o have_v no_o commission_n at_o all_o in_o which_o case_n the_o lender_n commit_v a_o oversight_n and_o have_v no_o remedy_n but_o against_o the_o master_n but_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n of_o mend_v the_o ship_n and_o the_o master_n shall_v spend_v the_o same_o another_o way_n the_o owner_n be_v to_o satisfy_v the_o creditor_n notwithstanding_o and_o above_o all_o thing_n money_n lend_v for_o victual_n to_o the_o ship_n company_n shall_v be_v pay_v and_o prefer_v before_o all_o other_o debt_n if_o a_o merchant_n contract_v with_o a_o mariner_n that_o be_v not_o a_o master_n be_v therein_o oversee_v he_o must_v content_v himself_o for_o he_o can_v have_v no_o action_n against_o the_o owner_n except_o for_o a_o fault_n do_v by_o a_o mariner_n which_o have_v be_v hire_v and_o put_v in_o by_o the_o owner_n again_o albeit_o that_o by_o the_o sea-lawe_n the_o owner_n may_v not_o pursue_v any_o person_n oblige_v to_o the_o master_n yet_o be_v they_o permit_v to_o pursue_v upon_o the_o master_n contract_n as_o if_o they_o have_v be_v principal_a contractor_n because_o herein_o they_o do_v represent_v and_o undertake_v the_o person_n of_o the_o master_n and_o these_o privilege_n be_v grant_v to_o the_o owner_n for_o the_o good_a of_o the_o commonwealth_n and_o augmentation_n of_o traffic_n nevertheless_o the_o master_n be_v not_o bind_v to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o all_o to_o the_o owner_n as_o for_o passenger_n which_o be_v find_v unable_a to_o pay_v and_o so_o be_v not_o owner_n bind_v to_o answer_v for_o the_o master_n negligence_n but_o it_o be_v very_o convenient_a if_o the_o owner_n be_v in_o place_n that_o the_o master_n do_v not_o let_v the_o ship_n to_o freight_v or_o undertake_v any_o voyage_n without_o the_o privity_n knowledge_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o owner_n or_o of_o some_o of_o they_o to_o the_o end_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v advise_v by_o they_o whereof_o the_o master_n be_v ignorant_a cahp._n xxxi_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottommarie_n by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la the_o name_n bottommarie_n be_v derive_v by_o the_o hollander_n from_o the_o keel_n or_o bottom_n of_o a_o ship_n upon_o the_o parallel_n whereof_o the_o rudder_n of_o a_o ship_n do_v govern_v and_o direct_v the_o same_o and_o the_o money_n so_o take_v up_o by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v common_o do_v upon_o great_a necessity_n when_o money_n must_v be_v have_v in_o foreign_a country_n to_o perform_v a_o voyage_n for_o the_o use_v pay_v for_o the_o same_o be_v very_o great_a at_o 30_o 40_o and_o 50_o pro_fw-la cent_n without_o consideration_n of_o time_n but_o within_o so_o many_o day_n after_o the_o voyage_n end_v bottommarie_n difference_n between_o interest_n money_n and_o bottommarie_n this_o money_n be_v call_v pecunia_n traiectitia_fw-la because_o that_o upon_o the_o lender_n danger_n and_o adventure_v it_o be_v carry_v beyond_o or_o over_o the_o sea_n so_o that_o if_o the_o ship_n perish_v or_o that_o all_o be_v spoil_v the_o lender_n do_v lose_v the_o money_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a money_n let_v at_o interest_n be_v deliver_v on_o the_o peril_n of_o the_o borrower_n so_o that_o the_o profit_n of_o this_o be_v mere_o the_o price_n of_o the_o simple_a loan_n call_v vsura_fw-la hire_v locatio_fw-la or_o hire_v but_o the_o profit_n of_o the_o other_o be_v a_o reward_n for_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o the_o lender_n take_v upon_o he_o during_o the_o loan_n which_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v until_o a_o certain_a day_n after_o the_o voyage_n end_v therefore_o if_o the_o money_n miscarry_v either_o before_o the_o voyage_n begin_v or_o after_o the_o term_n appoint_v for_o the_o full_a loan_n than_o the_o peril_n pertain_v to_o the_o borrower_n
liberty_n of_o trade_n be_v restrain_v from_o other_o whereby_o the_o monopolist_n be_v enable_v to_o set_v a_o price_n of_o commodity_n at_o his_o pleasure_n a_o merchant_n of_o london_n have_v send_v a_o great_a ship_n to_o zante_n to_o lade_v corrint_n and_o wine_n be_v there_o arrive_v another_o merchant_n there_o inhabit_v upon_o knowledge_n hereof_o cause_v all_o the_o corrint_n to_o be_v buy_v up_o to_o prevent_v the_o say_a merchant_n and_o to_o compel_v he_o to_o buy_v the_o say_a corrint_n of_o he_o at_o dear_a rate_n to_o lade_v the_o say_a ship_n which_o make_v the_o factor_n appoint_v to_o lade_v the_o say_a ship_n at_o his_o wit_n end_n but_o be_v ingenuous_a he_o devise_v a_o course_n to_o disappoint_v the_o say_a forestalling_a merchant_n and_o cause_v bill_n to_o be_v set_v up_o in_o all_o public_a place_n to_o give_v notice_n that_o the_o say_a ship_n be_v come_v to_o take_v in_o merchant_n good_n for_o her_o lade_n and_o to_o return_v for_o london_n which_o be_v understand_v by_o he_o bring_v he_o into_o a_o secondary_a and_o to_o set_v all_o the_o broker_n of_o zante_n on_o work_n to_o help_v he_o to_o sell_v the_o say_a corrint_n again_o whereby_o he_o become_v a_o loser_n in_o this_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o say_v society_n be_v to_o have_v a_o care_n of_o prevention_n otherwise_o it_o be_v the_o part_n of_o the_o prince_n to_o look_v unto_o it_o with_o a_o politic_a eye_n upon_o complaint_n to_o be_v make_v as_o of_o late_a year_n have_v be_v do_v when_o the_o french_a merchant_n do_v strive_v to_o bring_v new_a wine_n first_o to_o the_o market_n thereby_o inhaunce_v the_o price_n of_o wine_n in_o france_n it_o be_v order_v and_o command_v by_o proclamation_n that_o no_o wine_n grow_v in_o france_n shall_v be_v sell_v or_o put_v to_o sale_n before_o the_o first_o of_o december_n to_o be_v observe_v every_o year_n the_o like_a be_v do_v heretofore_o by_o our_o merchant_n trade_v spain_n in_o the_o buy_n of_o rotta_n raisin_n by_o a_o order_n among_o they_o that_o none_o shall_v be_v sell_v by_o they_o before_o the_o last_o of_o october_n which_o be_v know_v to_o merchant_n stranger_n make_v they_o to_o preoccupy_v the_o market_n they_o not_o be_v bind_v to_o their_o order_n so_o that_o this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v more_o proper_o by_o the_o king_n proclamation_n here_o i_o call_v to_o mind_v my_o former_a observation_n of_o that_o royal_a commodity_n tin_n which_o above_o one_o hundred_o year_n since_o tin_n preemption_n of_o tin_n be_v sell_v for_o forty_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o when_o the_o best_a velvet_n be_v sell_v for_o ten_o shilling_n the_o yard_n how_o merchant_n trade_v turkey_n find_v fault_n with_o his_o majesty_n preemption_n of_o the_o say_a tin_n and_o cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v abolish_v to_o keep_v the_o price_n thereof_o at_o fifty_o five_o shilling_n the_o hundred_o and_o bring_v in_o corint_n levant_n wine_n spice_n and_o indigo_n at_o dear_a rate_n as_o they_o sell_v they_o use_v all_o mean_n to_o suppress_v the_o rise_n thereof_o which_o be_v consider_v of_o by_o foreign_a nation_n cause_v they_o to_o use_v mean_n to_o incorporate_v or_o engross_v the_o same_o whereby_o that_o commodity_n come_v to_o be_v of_o more_o estimation_n and_o request_n where_o â—pon_o the_o say_a preemption_n be_v reestablish_v which_o have_v increase_v the_o stock_n of_o the_o kingdom_n since_o that_o time_n above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n be_v rise_v to_o double_a the_o price_n and_o yet_o but_o proportionable_a to_o the_o price_n of_o velvet_n and_o other_o commodity_n on_o the_o contrary_a another_o commodity_n mineral_n namely_o copperas_n which_o be_v sell_v heretofore_o when_o there_o be_v letter_n patent_n for_o the_o sole_a make_v thereof_o for_o 10_o will_v and_o 12_o will_v the_o tun_n whereof_o a_o great_a trade_n may_v have_v be_v make_v for_o other_o country_n have_v be_v so_o ill_o govern_v by_o workman_n undersel_v one_o another_o and_o for_o want_v of_o 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and_o throw_v in_o wort_n and_o water_n and_o honey_n twice_o or_o thrice_o but_o let_v your_o water_n be_v warm_a 12_o in_o february_n set_v forth_o and_o serve_v all_o they_o that_o stand_v in_o need_n with_o wort_n and_o honey_n or_o honey_n and_o water_n so_o it_o be_v warm_a and_o then_o in_o march_n look_v for_o their_o breed_n as_o be_v before_o declare_v no_o corrupt_a comb_n to_o be_v leave_v but_o the_o bad_a be_v to_o be_v take_v forth_o in_o the_o spring_n time_n be_v in_o feed_v and_o when_o you_o have_v throw_v in_o one_o pint_n of_o warm_a wort_n and_o that_o they_o be_v struggle_v with_o the_o clammine_v of_o the_o wort_n then_o may_v you_o very_o well_o take_v from_o they_o any_o thing_n that_o do_v annoy_v they_o which_o manner_n of_o dress_v you_o may_v observe_v for_o many_o year_n during_o your_o skepe_z so_o long_o as_o they_o stand_v to_o work_v new_a again_o necessary_a observation_n concern_v the_o premise_n from_o the_o midst_n of_o april_n until_o the_o 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gentle_a manner_n the_o necessary_a use_n of_o honey_n and_o wax_n make_v i_o to_o observe_v the_o premise_n wish_v that_o in_o all_o parish_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o ireland_n all_o the_o parson_n and_o vicar_n in_o country_n town_n and_o village_n be_v enjoin_v to_o keep_v bee_n for_o their_o own_o benefit_n and_o the_o general_a good_a which_o they_o may_v do_v convenient_o in_o the_o churchyard_n and_o other_o place_n of_o their_o garden_n and_o some_o of_o their_o child_n or_o scholar_n may_v attend_v the_o same_o the_o multiply_v of_o bee_n be_v easy_a without_o destroy_v they_o bee_n equivocal_a generation_n of_o bee_n and_o the_o creation_n of_o they_o be_v know_v to_o many_o proceed_v of_o the_o corruption_n of_o a_o heifer_n the_o flesh_n whereof_o be_v fit_a to_o engender_v bee_n as_o the_o flesh_n of_o horse_n for_o wasp_n or_o that_o of_o man_n for_o louse_n and_o to_o abbreviate_v i_o do_v refer_v the_o desirous_a reader_n hereof_o to_o master_n hill_n his_o book_n 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to_o handle_v something_o see_v that_o merchant_n have_v the_o manage_n thereof_o chap._n xlvi_o of_o plantation_n of_o people_n and_o new_a discovery_n when_o the_o commonwealth_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o roman_n grow_v to_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o man_n idle_a will_v have_v stir_v more_o commotion_n people_n plantation_n of_o colony_n of_o people_n then_o the_o plantation_n of_o colloney_n of_o people_n in_o other_o country_n be_v most_o necessary_a to_o be_v practise_v and_o mean_n also_o to_o set_v the_o people_n on_o work_n or_o to_o employ_v they_o in_o the_o war_n to_o govern_v the_o quiet_a at_o home_n and_o at_o this_o day_n in_o rome_n and_o many_o other_o place_n in_o italy_n if_o a_o man_n shall_v be_v find_v to_o live_v idle_a and_o want_v mean_n offer_n be_v make_v unto_o he_o to_o draw_v a_o lot_n for_o a_o sum_n of_o money_n be_v it_o 30_o 40_o 60_o or_o a_o 100_o ducat_n as_o he_o may_v be_v repute_v to_o have_v that_o money_n or_o to_o become_v a_o officer_n in_o their_o galley_n where_o other_o malefactor_n be_v confine_v to_o serve_v world_n three_o impostume_n or_o the_o world_n for_o unless_o the_o three_o impostume_n of_o the_o world_n namely_o war_n famine_n and_o pestilence_n do_v purge_v that_o great_a body_n all_o kingdom_n and_o country_n become_v very_o populous_a and_o man_n can_v hardly_o live_v in_o quiet_a or_o without_o danger_n merchant_n therefore_o seek_v to_o discover_v new_a country_n be_v much_o to_o be_v commend_v and_o cherish_v and_o their_o custom_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v as_o a_o law_n permanent_a which_o hitherto_o have_v be_v herein_o keep_v unuiolated_a the_o unfatigable_a industry_n to_o make_v a_o complete_a plantation_n in_o virginia_n and_o the_o island_n of_o bermudus_n bermudus_n plantation_n of_o virginia_n and_o the_o bermudus_n which_o have_v be_v very_o chargeable_a may_v have_v be_v far_o better_o if_o honest_a householder_n and_o family_n of_o some_o ability_n have_v be_v induce_v thereunto_o by_o benefit_n and_o profit_n at_o the_o beginning_n and_o mere_a poor_a people_n and_o vagabond_n have_v not_o be_v admit_v but_o afterward_o this_o inducement_n shall_v have_v wrought_v in_o their_o idea_n a_o imaginary_a commonwealth_n and_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n follow_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o honest_a shoemaker_n likely_a to_o try_v adventure_n and_o to_o enrich_v themselves_o know_v of_o they_o how_o many_o pair_n of_o shoe_n they_o make_v yearly_a whereby_o they_o live_v and_o their_o family_n although_o victual_n be_v dear_a then_o let_v they_o know_v that_o four_o or_o five_o time_n so_o many_o shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o leather_n be_v deliver_v they_o if_o they_o will_v go_v and_o
inhabit_v in_o virginia_n where_o they_o shall_v have_v house_n and_o land_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o heir_n for_o ever_o and_o their_o work_n shall_v be_v take_v from_o they_o and_o they_o shall_v be_v due_o pay_v and_o that_o a_o certain_a number_n only_o shall_v have_v this_o privilege_n for_o certain_a year_n and_o none_o other_o to_o be_v admit_v albeit_o the_o number_n of_o people_n do_v increase_v whereby_o they_o may_v be_v sure_a of_o a_o certain_a beneficial_a live_n and_o no_o doubt_n they_o will_v adventure_v that_o little_a they_o have_v to_o enrich_v their_o mean_n and_o estate_n and_o persuade_v their_o wife_n and_o servant_n to_o go_v with_o they_o who_o may_v succeed_v they_o upon_o other_o good_a condition_n the_o like_a be_v to_o be_v do_v with_o tailor_n baker_n brewer_n and_o other_o handicraftsman_n and_o so_o conceave_a a_o commonwealth_n within_o themselves_o will_v resolve_v and_o encourage_v many_o that_o be_v of_o some_o mean_n to_o accompany_v 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upon_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o say_v englishmen_n take_v the_o whole_a trade_n to_o themselves_o which_o afterward_o have_v be_v disperse_v into_o many_o other_o town_n whereby_o the_o trade_n be_v so_o increase_v that_o holland_n and_o zealand_n have_v above_o 2000_o buss_n or_o fish_v ship_n which_o do_v make_v ordinary_o two_o or_o three_o voyage_n yearly_a albeit_o their_o country_n be_v remote_a from_o our_o sea_n and_o england_n scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v the_o fish_n as_o it_o be_v at_o their_o door_n and_o such_o be_v the_o blessing_n of_o almighty_a god_n that_o above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o last_n of_o fish_n be_v take_v yearly_a in_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n only_o ommit_v the_o quantity_n of_o fish_n take_v in_o denmark_n sea_n russia_n newfoundland_n spain_n italy_n and_o other_o dominion_n and_o here_o i_o be_o to_o make_v a_o little_a abridgement_n of_o the_o collection_n of_o one_o tobias_n gentleman_n a_o fisherman_n 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proclamation_n of_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n as_o may_v be_v see_v by_o their_o proclamation_n annex_v to_o the_o say_a treatise_n hereupon_o he_o show_v that_o about_o mid-may_a they_o make_v ready_a their_o buss_n and_o fisher-fleete_n and_o by_o the_o first_o of_o june_n their_o style_n they_o be_v see_v to_o sail_v out_o of_o the_o maze_n texell_n and_o the_o v_o a_o thousand_o sail_n together_o for_o to_o catch_v herring_n in_o the_o north_n sea_n be_v most_o of_o they_o ship_n of_o 120_o or_o 100_o ton_n and_o the_o other_o 60_o ton_n or_o thereabouts_o have_v in_o they_o 24_o man_n and_o some_o 16_o and_o 20_o in_o every_o ship_n &_o they_o continue_v their_o course_n northwest_o and_o by_o north_n until_o they_o arrive_v at_o the_o isle_n of_o shotland_n isle_n the_o situation_n of_o shotland_n isle_n which_o be_v the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o great_a island_n of_o the_o orcades_n &_o lie_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 60_o degree_n of_o northerly_a latitude_n and_o by_o the_o 14_o day_n of_o june_n which_o be_v by_o their_o law_n a_o time_n limit_v to_o lay_v their_o net_n they_o begin_v to_o fish_n &_o do_v never_o leave_v the_o skoale_n of_o herring_n but_o come_v along_o among_o they_o follow_v 500_o mile_n in_o length_n lade_v their_o ship_n twice_o or_o thrice_o before_o they_o come_v to_o yarmouth_n send_v they_o away_o by_o the_o merchant_n ship_n that_o send_v they_o victual_n barrel_n and_o more_o salt_n and_o net_n if_o they_o need_v any_o which_o ship_n be_v call_v yager_n that_o be_v to_o say_v hunter_n or_o doggerbote_n and_o these_o ship_n docarry_v they_o and_o sell_v they_o in_o the_o east_n country_n some_o to_o riga_n and_o revel_v some_o to_o the_o narue_v russia_n herring_n place_n to_o sell_v herring_n stockholme_n and_o all_o poland_n prussia_n pomerland_n lituania_n statin_n lubek_n and_o denmark_n return_v hemp_n flax_n cordage_n cable_n iron_n corn_n soapash_n wax_n wainscot_n clapboord_n pitch_n tar_n deal_v hoop_n and_o other_o commodity_n with_o plenty_n of_o money_n and_o for_o france_n they_o send_v for_o bordeaux_n rochel_n nantes_n morliaix_n and_o san_n mallous_a cane_n in_o normandy_n rouen_n paris_n amiens_n and_o all_o picardy_n and_o calais_n with_o the_o low-countries_n of_o the_o archduke_n of_o austria_n reconcile_v with_o the_o king_n of_o spain_n return_v other_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o the_o provenue_n of_o their_o fish_n for_o by_o their_o law_n all_o those_o herring_n that_o they_o do_v catch_v in_o yarnmouth_n sea_n from_o bartholomew_n tide_n until_o saint_n andrew_n which_o be_v rope-sicke_a they_o may_v not_o bring_v home_o into_o holland_n and_o these_o they_o sell_v unto_o yarnmouth_n man_n for_o ready_a money_n their_o fish_n for_o cod_n and_o ling_n continual_o be_v do_v with_o small_a ship_n of_o 40_o tun_n burden_n call_v pink_n and_o welboat_n and_o all_o this_o be_v do_v with_o so_o good_a order_n and_o provision_n trade_n good_a order_n in_o the_o fish_n trade_n that_o by_o night_n and_o day_n all_o be_v supply_v and_o fish_n take_v off_o instant_o and_o of_o my_o own_o knowledge_n they_o be_v so_o constant_a in_o their_o fish_n that_o they_o be_v content_v to_o have_v one_o good_a year_n for_o fish_v in_o seven_o year_n all_o fisherman_n be_v provide_v for_o and_o their_o wife_n at_o home_n can_v want_v for_o in_o their_o care_n they_o may_v be_v compare_v to_o joseph_n in_o egypt_n provide_v for_o the_o time_n of_o famine_n they_o have_v beside_o all_o this_o continual_o in_o the_o season_n another_o fleet_n of_o fisherman_n call_v flyboat_n which_o be_v in_o number_n some_o two_o hundred_o or_o more_o and_o these_o be_v at_o the_o north-east_n of_o shotland_n have_v small_a boat_n with_o they_o call_v cobles_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o they_o ling_n be_v take_v in_o great_a abundance_n which_o they_o do_v not_o barrel_n but_o splet_n and_o salt_n they_o in_o the_o ship_n bulk_n to_o say_v nothing_o of_o fresh_a fish_n and_o other_o pretty_a observation_n of_o the_o say_v tobias_n gentleman_n let_v we_o note_v the_o commodious_a fisher-towne_n of_o england_n as_o colchester_n harwich_n orford_n alborough_n donwich_n england_n commodious_a town_n for_o fish_v in_o england_n walderswike_n sell_v yarnmouth_n blackney_n well_n linne_n boston_n and_o hull_v by_o he_o name_v whereunto_o i_o may_v add_v scarborough_n hartlepole_n whitby_n marske_n stockton_n gysborough_n newcastle_n and_o other_o place_n in_o the_o north._n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v much_o admire_v that_o this_o trade_n have_v be_v so_o long_o neglect_v howbeit_o some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o it_o will_v hinder_v much_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n if_o fish_v be_v entertain_v especial_o in_o the_o return_n of_o our_o commodity_n and_o that_o the_o privilege_n grant_v to_o diverse_a society_n as_o the_o merchant_n adventurer_n east-land_n trade_n the_o first_o objection_n to_o the_o fish_n trade_n and_o russia_n merchant_n shall_v be_v infringe_v thereby_o and_o so_o both_o trade_n can_v subsist_v together_o other_o say_v objection_n the_o second_o objection_n that_o other_o nation_n be_v more_o painful_a and_o industrious_a than_o we_o can_v be_v and_o have_v more_o skill_n in_o the_o cut_n pack_v and_o salt_v of_o the_o fish_n and_o which_o be_v more_o they_o can_v send_v away_o their_o fish_n and_o pay_v no_o freight_n by_o their_o ship_n go_v otherwise_o empty_a for_o corn_n and_o salt_n for_o they_o pay_v but_o four_o shilling_n for_o a_o last_o which_o be_v drink_v money_n and_o the_o hamborger_n have_v heretofore_o imitate_v the_o hollander_n to_o fish_n with_o buff_n for_o herring_n after_o 5_o or_o 6_o year_n trial_n have_v be_v compel_v to_o abandon_v the_o fish_n and_o suffer_v their_o ship_n to_o lie_v by_o the_o rot_a because_o they_o find_v a_o loss_n and_o that_o the_o hollander_n do_v out_o sell_v they_o have_v the_o better_a and_o cheap_a fish_n and_o the_o like_a will_v befall_v england_n as_o some_o have_v already_o find_v to_o these_o two_o objection_n the_o one_o be_v domestic_a and_o the_o other_o foreign_a i_o make_v this_o answer_n which_o be_v refer_v to_o the_o judicious_a reader_n first_o answer_v to_o the_o first_o that_o the_o trade_n of_o cloth_n shall_v be_v hinder_v by_o the_o fish_n trade_n be_v not_o probable_a be_v a_o distinct_a commodity_n which_o serve_v for_o the_o belly_n and_o the_o other_o for_o the_o back_n and_o both_o be_v sell_v by_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n in_o one_o more_o place_n and_o we_o both_o make_v our_o return_n homeward_o by_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n so_o that_o the_o difference_n of_o the_o person_n make_v not_o any_o solid_a argument_n for_o if_o we_o return_v commodity_n for_o commodity_n and_o they_o return_v money_n we_o may_v return_v both_o the_o one_o and_o the_o
heretofore_o account_v two_o carrat_n for_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o all_o money_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n do_v participate_v of_o this_o finesse_n according_a to_o their_o substance_n which_o make_v their_o standard_n thereafter_o whereby_o the_o sterling_a standard_n contain_v eleven_o ounce_n and_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o fine_a silver_n and_o eighteen_o penny_n weight_n of_o copper_n and_o our_o angel_n gold_n hold_v twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o one_o half_a and_o half_o a_o grain_n of_o alloy_n as_o shall_v be_v hereafter_o more_o ample_o declare_v together_o with_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n let_v we_o now_o speak_v of_o the_o property_n of_o money_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o make_v the_o effect_n thereof_o apparent_a money_n the_o propertieâ—_n of_o money_n the_o first_o property_n be_v that_o plenty_n of_o money_n make_v general_o all_o thing_n dear_a and_o scarcity_n of_o money_n make_v general_o thing_n good_a cheap_a whereas_o particular_o commodity_n be_v also_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o the_o commodity_n themselves_o and_o the_o use_n of_o they_o money_n then_o as_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o body_n contain_v the_o soul_n which_o infuse_v life_n for_o if_o money_n be_v want_v traffic_n do_v decrease_v although_o commodity_n be_v abundant_a and_o good_a cheap_a and_o on_o the_o contrary_a if_o money_n be_v plentiful_a commerce_n increase_v although_o commodity_n be_v scarce_o and_o the_o price_n thereof_o be_v thereby_o more_o advance_v nay_o by_o money_n a_o trade_n be_v make_v for_o the_o employment_n of_o it_o both_o at_o home_n and_o abroad_o for_o those_o country_n where_o thing_n be_v good_a cheap_a be_v destitute_a of_o trade_n and_o want_v money_n and_o although_o thing_n for_o the_o belly_n be_v good_a cheap_a there_o be_v less_o benefit_n to_o be_v make_v by_o merchant_n according_a to_o plenty_n or_o scarcity_n of_o money_n then_o general_o commodity_n become_v dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v of_o late_a year_n that_o every_o thing_n be_v enhance_v in_o price_n by_o the_o abundance_n of_o bullion_n and_o money_n which_o come_v from_o the_o west-indies_n into_o europe_n which_o like_v unto_o a_o ocean_n money_n the_o ocean_n of_o money_n have_v divide_v her_o course_n into_o severell_n branch_n through_o all_o country_n and_o the_o money_n itself_o be_v alter_v by_o valuation_n as_o aforesaid_a cause_v the_o measure_n to_o be_v make_v lesser_a whereby_o the_o number_n do_v increase_v to_o make_v up_o the_o tale_n be_v augment_v by_o denomination_n from_o twenty_o to_o sixty_o or_o of_o those_o latter_a year_n from_o forty_o to_o sixty_o so_o that_o plenty_n of_o money_n concur_v herein_o make_v every_o thing_n dear_a and_o especial_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n as_o we_o have_v note_v before_o which_o cause_v some_o man_n to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o our_o money_n shall_v be_v more_o enhanced_a as_o it_o be_v strive_v therein_o to_o exceed_v other_o nation_n wherein_o they_o be_v far_o from_o the_o mark_n thing_n alteration_n of_o mâ—ney_n alter_v the_o price_n of_o thing_n for_o if_o that_o be_v do_v not_o only_o all_o the_o foreign_a commodity_n will_v be_v dear_a but_o also_o our_o home_n commodity_n howbeit_o only_o in_o name_n the_o like_a will_v happen_v if_o money_n be_v by_o allay_n of_o copper_n embase_v as_o experience_n have_v prove_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o and_o of_o latter_a year_n in_o the_o realm_n of_o ireland_n so_o that_o we_o see_v the_o proverb_n to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o unknown_a disease_n put_v out_o the_o physician_n eye_n the_o plenty_n of_o money_n require_v must_v be_v not_o with_o a_o consideration_n that_o we_o have_v or_o may_v seem_v to_o have_v more_o money_n than_o in_o time_n past_a but_o according_a to_o the_o present_a great_a quantity_n and_o abundance_n of_o money_n now_o find_v in_o all_o country_n which_o in_o effect_n have_v more_o proportionable_a part_n thereof_o than_o england_n have_v neither_o be_v money_n more_o plentiful_a when_o a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n be_v value_v but_o twenty_o penny_n judge_v of_o money_n as_o we_o do_v of_o commodity_n either_o dear_a or_o good_a cheap_a according_a to_o the_o price_n for_o money_n must_v be_v still_o the_o measure_n and_o overrule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n howbeit_o exchange_v of_o money_n be_v predominant_a over_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o shall_v be_v declare_v hereafter_o the_o second_o property_n of_o money_n proceed_v from_o the_o operation_n of_o usury_n devise_v thereupon_o usury_n the_o operation_n of_o money_n by_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n whereby_o the_o measure_n be_v ingross_v and_o also_o falsify_v be_v that_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v become_v the_o measure_n whereby_o all_o man_n trade_n purchase_n build_v plant_v or_o any_o other_o way_n bargain_n and_o consequent_o all_o thing_n depend_v upon_o the_o premise_n be_v rule_v and_o govern_v according_o as_o in_o the_o chapter_n of_o usury_n politic_a be_v declare_v to_o the_o decrease_n of_o traffic_n and_o trade_n real_o money_n will_v have_v substanall_a value_n real_o the_o last_o property_n of_o money_n be_v to_o have_v a_o internal_a value_n in_o substance_n whereupon_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n be_v ground_v in_o so_o much_o that_o in_o country_n where_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n be_v prohibit_v and_o merchant_n stranger_n and_o other_o be_v command_v to_o make_v their_o return_n in_o commodity_n or_o by_o exchange_n if_o the_o money_n be_v base_a or_o of_o copper_n the_o value_n in_o exchange_n will_v be_v make_v according_o to_o the_o utter_a overthrow_n of_o all_o commerce_n for_o money_n will_v have_v substantial_a value_n thus_o much_o for_o a_o introduction_n concern_v money_n now_o let_v we_o begin_v from_o the_o original_n of_o metal_n and_o so_o descend_v to_o the_o particular_n and_o accident_n *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o essence_n or_o existence_n of_o metal_n all_o philosopher_n by_o the_o light_n of_o nature_n and_o long_a observation_n have_v determine_v that_o the_o sperme_n or_o seed_n of_o all_o thing_n create_v of_o the_o four_o element_n do_v in_o a_o secret_a manner_n lower_v within_o the_o two_o element_n of_o water_n and_o earth_n and_o that_o nature_n do_v continual_o work_v to_o produce_v perfect_a thing_n but_o be_v hinder_v therein_o by_o accidental_a cause_n wâ—ich_a be_v the_o begetter_n of_o corruption_n and_o imperfection_n of_o all_o thing_n whereby_o we_o have_v variety_n of_o thing_n which_o be_v delectable_a to_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n herein_o they_o observe_v the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n rational_a vegitative_a sensitive_a and_o rational_a and_o the_o other_o planet_n and_o star_n in_o the_o generation_n of_o all_o thing_n which_o either_o have_v a_o be_v or_o existence_n as_o the_o element_n have_v or_o a_o be_v and_o life_n as_o vegetable_a tree_n or_o plant_n or_o a_o be_v life_n and_o sense_n as_o beast_n bird_n and_o other_o live_a creature_n or_o a_o be_v life_n sense_n and_o reason_n as_o man_n have_v and_o all_o reasonable_a creature_n which_o knowledge_n and_o wisdom_n no_o doubt_n the_o holy_a prophet_n moses_n do_v learn_v among_o the_o egyptian_n 7.22_o act_n 7.22_o but_o have_v these_o philosopher_n read_v the_o genesis_n the_o genesis_n book_n of_o moses_n of_o creation_n and_o generation_n they_o will_v not_o have_v ascribe_v the_o guide_n and_o conduct_v of_o all_o natural_a thing_n to_o the_o two_o leader_n namely_o the_o star_n and_o nature_n hence_o it_o procee_v that_o among_o vegetable_a thing_n which_o have_v a_o be_v and_o life_n they_o reckon_v all_o metal_n which_o have_v their_o beginning_n from_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n tanquam_fw-la ex_fw-la patre_fw-la &_o matre_fw-la which_o meeting_n and_o concur_v together_o in_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o earth_n do_v engender_v through_o the_o heat_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o climate_n by_o a_o assidual_a concoction_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o the_o earth_n wherein_o they_o meet_v which_o be_v either_o good_a and_o pure_a or_o stink_a and_o corrupt_a produce_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o metal_n of_o gold_n silver_n copper_n tin_n lead_v and_o iron_n in_o their_o several_a nature_n and_o hereupon_o they_o have_v assign_v they_o under_o their_o distinct_a planet_n to_o be_v benevolent_a or_o malevolent_a metal_n the_o planet_n of_o metal_n as_o lead_v under_o saturn_n tin_n under_o jupiter_n iron_n under_o mars_n gold_n under_o sol_n copper_n under_o venus_n quicksilver_n under_o mercury_n and_o silver_n under_o luna_n so_o mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n be_v one_o of_o the_o seven_o metal_n which_o be_v volatile_a and_o by_o his_o volubility_n run_v with_o every_o one_o be_v in_o nature_n as_o they_o be_v either_o good_a or_o evil_n and_o howsoever_o they_o
have_v place_v tin_n under_o the_o benevolent_a planet_n jupiter_n experience_n have_v prove_v unto_o we_o that_o tin_n be_v the_o poison_n of_o all_o metal_n sulphur_n be_v exclude_v which_o they_o say_v be_v of_o two_o colour_n be_v white_a and_o corrupt_a in_o the_o silver_n which_o therefore_o fall_v away_o but_o red_a and_o pure_a in_o the_o gold_n and_o therefore_o permanent_a these_o diversity_n of_o metal_n be_v come_v to_o pass_v by_o accidental_a cause_n be_v the_o cause_n that_o art_n be_v nature_n ape_n by_o imitation_n have_v endeavour_v to_o perform_v that_o wherein_o nature_n be_v hinder_v whereupon_o aristotle_n say_v facilius_fw-la est_fw-la distruere_fw-la accidentale_n quam_fw-la essentiale_fw-la so_o that_o the_o accidental_a be_v destroy_v the_o essential_a remain_v which_o shall_v be_v pure_a but_o this_o can_v be_v do_v without_o projection_n of_o the_o elixir_n or_o quintescense_n upon_o metal_n hence_o proceed_v the_o study_n of_o all_o the_o philosopher_n to_o make_v their_o miraculous_a stone_n which_o i_o confess_v be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o full_a of_o expectation_n when_o a_o man_n see_v the_o true_a and_o perfect_a transmutation_n of_o metal_n metal_n transmutation_n of_o metal_n lead_v and_o iron_n into_o copper_n the_o ore_n of_o lead_n into_o quicksilver_n or_o mercury_n with_o a_o small_a charge_n to_o a_o very_a great_a profit_n as_o it_o have_v be_v make_v for_o i_o until_o the_o makeâ—_n of_o it_o die_v within_o three_o month_n after_o he_o have_v make_v almost_o four_o thousand_o pound_n weight_n as_o good_a as_o any_o natural_a mercury_n can_v be_v and_o that_o in_o six_o week_n time_n to_o return_v to_o our_o philosopher_n concern_v the_o essence_n of_o metal_n they_o have_v be_v transcendend_v in_o the_o knowledge_n thereof_o for_o they_o show_v the_o generation_n of_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n in_o this_o manner_n mercury_n the_o essence_n of_o sulphur_n and_o mercury_n the_o exhalation_n of_o the_o earth_n be_v cold_a and_o dry_a and_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o sea_n be_v cold_a and_o moist_a according_a to_o their_o nature_n ascend_v and_o meet_v in_o a_o due_a proportion_n and_o equality_n and_o fall_v upon_o some_o hilly_a or_o mountainous_a country_n where_o the_o influence_n of_o sun_n and_o moon_n have_v a_o continual_a operation_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o generation_n or_o proper_o from_o it_o be_v sulphur_n and_o mercury_n engender_v penetrate_v into_o the_o earth_n where_o there_o be_v vein_n of_o water_n and_o there_o they_o congeal_v into_o gold_n or_o silver_n or_o into_o the_o oar_n of_o silver_n copper_n and_o all_o other_o metal_n participate_v or_o hold_v always_o some_o little_a mixture_n of_o the_o best_a or_o be_v in_o nature_n better_o or_o worse_o according_a to_o the_o say_v accidental_a cause_n so_o that_o they_o do_v attribute_v the_o generation_n to_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o influence_n of_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n where_o the_o book_n of_o god_n show_v we_o the_o creation_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o heaven_n and_o earth_n and_o the_o furniture_n thereof_o the_o earth_n be_v the_o dry_a part_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n do_v appear_v and_o be_v make_v the_o three_o day_n contain_v in_o it_o the_o oar_n of_o all_o metal_n and_o mineral_n whereas_o the_o sun_n and_o moon_n be_v create_v afterward_o on_o the_o four_o day_n who_o operation_n be_v incident_a to_o the_o thing_n create_v but_o not_o before_o in_o like_a manner_n say_v they_o be_v diamond_n ruby_n and_o other_o precious_a stone_n engender_v according_a to_o the_o purity_n of_o the_o matter_n and_o the_o portionable_a participation_n of_o every_o element_n therein_o etc._n exhalation_n and_o vapour_n etc._n etc._n if_o the_o exhalation_n be_v subtle_a do_v superabound_a and_o prevail_v over_o the_o vapour_n than_o hereof_o be_v sulphur_n engender_v and_o if_o this_o subtle_a exhalation_n be_v mix_v with_o the_o moist_a vapour_n and_o want_v decoction_n as_o be_v in_o a_o very_a cold_a place_n it_o become_v mercury_n or_o quicksilver_n which_o can_v endure_v no_o heat_n or_o fire_n at_o all_o the_o first_o mettle_n mention_v in_o the_o holy_a scripture_n be_v gold_n which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o river_n pisson_n grow_v gen._n 2.11_o gold_n grow_v run_v through_o the_o garden_n of_o eden_n into_o the_o country_n of_o havila_n where_o gold_n do_v grow_v and_o this_o be_v in_o the_o east_n according_a to_o which_o observation_n all_o the_o vein_n of_o mine_n run_v from_o east_n towards_o west_n with_o the_o course_n of_o the_o sun_n as_o shall_v be_v more_o declare_v to_o this_o argument_n appertain_v the_o philosophical_a study_n of_o prima_fw-la materia_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la prima_fw-la materia_fw-la vel_fw-la mercurius_n philosophorum_fw-la to_o be_v find_v out_o by_o experience_n for_o the_o great_a work_n of_o lapis_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la by_o the_o operation_n of_o the_o sun_n in_o seven_o year_n the_o practice_n whereof_o be_v make_v about_o forty_o year_n since_o by_o a_o german_a doctor_n of_o physic_n at_o dansicke_a in_o the_o east_n country_n as_o i_o have_v be_v inform_v by_o a_o friend_n of_o i_o who_o be_v also_o a_o physician_n and_o be_v do_v in_o this_o manner_n according_a to_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n globe_n the_o body_n of_o the_o sun_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n be_v 166_o time_n big_a than_o the_o whole_a globe_n of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n make_v the_o circumference_n of_o the_o world_n whereupon_o he_o take_v 166_o vial_n or_o glass_n wherein_o he_o do_v put_v of_o all_o the_o oar_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n and_o other_o thing_n which_o have_v any_o affinity_n with_o mineral_n and_o some_o of_o they_o mix_v and_o calcine_v all_o of_o they_o and_o close_v or_o nip_a up_o all_o the_o glass_n by_o fire_n he_o do_v expose_v they_o to_o the_o sun_n in_o a_o eminent_a place_n for_o and_o during_o the_o say_a time_n of_o seven_o year_n and_o find_v thereby_o as_o it_o be_v report_v prima_fw-la materia_fw-la which_o be_v reduce_v to_o seven_o glass_n howsoever_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o he_o grow_v very_o rich_a and_o buy_v above_o one_o hundred_o house_n in_o that_o city_n before_o he_o die_v which_o be_v a_o occasion_n that_o my_o friend_n imitate_v he_o do_v likewise_o place_n not_o far_o from_o london_n seven_o glass_n with_o calcine_v metal_n make_v of_o the_o oar_n of_o metal_n and_o mineral_n upon_o a_o house_n top_n against_o the_o back_n of_o a_o chimney_n where_o the_o repercussion_n of_o the_o sun_n do_v work_v upon_o they_o which_o be_v admirable_a to_o behold_v from_o six_o month_n to_o six_o month_n not_o only_o by_o the_o sublimation_n of_o colour_n very_o variable_a and_o celestial_a but_o also_o of_o the_o rare_a alteration_n of_o the_o stuff_n be_v sometime_o liquid_a another_o time_n dry_a or_o part_n of_o it_o moist_a ascend_v and_o descend_v very_o strange_a to_o behold_v as_o myself_o have_v see_v diverse_a time_n from_o year_n to_o year_n some_o have_v be_v there_o two_o three_o four_o five_o and_o one_o almost_o seven_o year_n the_o colour_n whereof_o have_v be_v yellow_a then_o white_a in_o the_o superficies_n then_o as_o black_a as_o pitch_v afterward_o dark_a red_a with_o star_n of_o gold_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o glass_n and_o at_o last_o of_o the_o colour_n of_o orange_n or_o lemon_n and_o the_o substance_n almost_o dry_a many_o be_v the_o question_n between_o he_o and_o i_o but_o he_o be_v confident_a that_o there_o be_v the_o elixir_n howbeit_o very_o doubtful_a that_o he_o shall_v never_o enjoy_v the_o same_o and_o it_o come_v so_o to_o pass_v for_o after_o a_o long_a sickness_n he_o die_v of_o a_o burn_a ague_n and_o a_o gentleman_n give_v a_o sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o wife_n for_o that_o glass_n whereof_o i_o have_v not_o hear_v any_o thing_n these_o seven_o year_n in_o this_o glass_n he_o will_v show_v i_o the_o work_n of_o this_o quintessence_n according_a to_o the_o description_n of_o ripley_n philosophorum_fw-la lapis_fw-la philosophorum_fw-la who_o he_o be_v assure_v have_v the_o lapis_n and_o so_o have_v friar_n bacon_n and_o norton_n of_o bristol_n kelley_n have_v by_o his_o say_n some_o little_a part_n to_o make_v projection_n but_o it_o be_v not_o of_o his_o own_o make_n the_o charge_n to_o make_v it_o be_v little_a or_o nothing_o to_o speak_v of_o and_o may_v be_v do_v in_o seven_o month_n if_o a_o man_n do_v begin_v it_o upon_o the_o right_a day_n the_o twelve_o operation_n of_o ripley_n he_o declare_v unto_o i_o be_v but_o six_o and_o then_o it_o rest_v for_o say_v he_o all_o philosopher_n have_v darken_v the_o study_n of_o this_o bless_a work_n which_o god_n have_v reveal_v to_o a_o few_o humble_a and_o charitable_a man_n gate_n ripleys_n twelve_o gate_n calcination_n dissolution_n and_o separation_n
1500_o mark_n of_o gold_n of_o eight_o ounce_n 1500_o mark_n of_o pearl_n 1_o chest_n emerald_n from_o mexico_n for_o the_o king_n 1900_o thousand_o pesos_n of_o silver_n 1100_o mark_n of_o gold_n for_o particular_a person_n 2_o million_o in_o silver_n 64_o thousand_o hide_n 25_o thousand_o will_v indigo_n from_o santo_n domingo_n island_n 35_o thousand_o hide_n 900_o chest_n sugar_n of_o 1000_o will_v weight_n 22_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o ginger_n 13_o thousand_o kintal_n of_o logwood_n 50_o kintal_n of_o salsaparilla_n 48_o kintal_n of_o caniafistula_n 64_o rove_n of_o cottonwooll_n all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v value_v at_o thirteen_o million_o and_o all_o the_o commodity_n at_o three_o million_o whereof_o the_o king_n have_v twelve_o million_o and_o one_o half_a de_fw-fr claro_fw-la wherewith_o we_o conclude_v this_o chapter_n of_o the_o mine_n royal_a and_o be_v move_v to_o write_v also_o of_o other_o mine_n and_o mineral_n contrary_a to_o our_o first_o intention_n but_o brief_o as_o follow_v *_o âŽ_o *_o chap._n iii_o of_o mine_n and_o mineral_n the_o next_o in_o order_n to_o be_v treat_v of_o be_v tin_n mine_n which_o be_v but_o few_o in_o number_n in_o all_o country_n mine_n tin_n mine_n and_o in_o germany_n only_o find_v somewhat_o plentiful_a but_o the_o tin_n be_v blackish_a and_o corrupt_a so_o that_o our_o english_a tin_n in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n be_v the_o only_a tin_n of_o all_o the_o world_n which_o contain_v four_o ounce_n of_o gold_n in_o a_o thousand_o whereof_o there_o be_v some_o twelve_o hundred_o thousand_o make_v yearly_a it_o have_v be_v sell_v for_o many_o year_n at_o a_o under_o value_n but_o his_o majesty_n have_v by_o way_n of_o praeemption_n advance_v the_o price_n thereof_o which_o belong_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o cornwall_n and_o consequent_o unto_o the_o noble_a prince_n of_o wales_n charles_n son_n and_o heir_n apparent_a to_o our_o sovereign_a lord_n king_n james._n this_o praeemption_n be_v let_v to_o farm_n to_o certain_a merchant_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o stanery_n with_o all_o the_o good_a order_n observe_v therein_o and_o the_o coinage_n of_o tin_n to_o demonstrate_v the_o goodness_n be_v profitable_a to_o the_o kingdom_n and_o deserve_v great_a commendation_n as_o be_v already_o note_v mines_n lead_v mines_n lead_v mine_n be_v find_v in_o all_o cold_a country_n especial_o in_o germany_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brownâ—wike_n but_o it_o be_v black_a of_o colour_n and_o until_o it_o be_v refine_v it_o be_v unseruiceable_a and_o consequent_o not_o vendible_a the_o old_a duke_n have_v almost_o make_v a_o wall_n aboâ—t_v the_o city_n of_o the_o sow_n and_o pig_n of_o lead_n until_o our_o lead_n become_v dear_a and_o scant_o and_o that_o a_o antuerpian_a do_v teach_v they_o how_o to_o refine_v their_o lead_n in_o take_v away_o the_o cobble_v which_o be_v like_a unto_o a_o knot_n in_o a_o piece_n of_o timber_n which_o make_v the_o lead_v brittle_a and_o by_o his_o mean_n all_o the_o duke_n lead_v be_v sell_v in_o italy_n spain_n and_o other_o place_n in_o france_n and_o elsewhere_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n have_v many_o lead_v mine_n contain_v also_o silver_n the_o lead_v mine_n of_o england_n be_v situate_v in_o diverse_a place_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o most_o in_o darbishire_n in_o the_o hill_n of_o peake_n somersetshire_n and_o wales_n there_o be_v great_a difference_n in_o the_o ore_n as_o have_v be_v note_v there_o be_v also_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o richmondshire_n under_o the_o county_n of_o york_n where_o i_o go_v to_o view_v they_o anno_fw-la 1606_o about_o arkendale_n and_o the_o new_a forest_n have_v prepare_v a_o long_a iron_n boar_n of_o eighteen_o foot_n long_o for_o that_o purpose_n yorkshire_n description_n of_o many_o lead_v mine_n in_o yorkshire_n and_o there_o i_o do_v observe_v within_o the_o compass_n of_o ten_o mile_n that_o the_o situation_n of_o arkendale_n iâ—_n betwixt_o two_o hill_n the_o one_o lie_v north_n call_v windike_n and_o the_o other_o south-west_n call_v moldersey_n adjoin_v unto_o another_o hill_n call_v pouncy_n lie_v west_n from_o moldersey_n all_o belong_v unto_o the_o king_n and_o by_o lease_n unto_o sir_n john_n maillorie_n knight_n there_o be_v also_o adjoin_v unto_o it_o certain_a other_o hill_n where_o lead_v mine_n be_v as_o swailedale_n where_o my_o lord_n wharton_n have_v his_o work_n also_o readhurst_n cocka_fw-mi and_o fellind_a be_v east_n from_o wyndecke_n the_o mine_n of_o arkendale_n have_v never_o be_v wrought_v to_o any_o purpose_n there_o be_v but_o three_o smelting_a cottage_n which_o do_v feed_v upon_o the_o poor_a people_n and_o inhabitant_n thereabouts_o which_o at_o their_o leisure_n seek_v for_o lead_v over_o upon_o sufferance_n and_o bring_v the_o same_o to_o the_o melt_a place_n where_o they_o fall_v the_o same_o for_o 20_o or_o 24_o ss_z the_o load_n give_v to_o the_o owner_n three_o or_o four_o part_n in_o ten_o as_o they_o can_v agree_v and_o one_o ten_o to_o the_o parson_n or_o vicar_n of_o the_o parish_n or_o chapel_n a_o load_n of_o ore_n with_o they_o be_v as_o much_o as_o four_o or_o five_o horse_n can_v convenient_o carry_v which_o by_o computation_n be_v some_o ten_o hundred_o weight_n and_o be_v also_o deliver_v by_o a_o measure_n call_v load_n four_o of_o these_o load_v will_v make_v a_o father_n of_o lead_n of_o twenty_o hundred_o their_o weight_n be_v 120_o will_v to_o the_o hundred_o london_n weight_n so_o one_o hundred_o of_o lead_n over_o make_v but_o 30_o will_v of_o lead_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v for_o that_o their_o manner_n of_o melt_v be_v by_o foot-blast_n and_o small_a furnace_n with_o wood_n and_o charcoal_n melt_a foolish_a manner_n of_o melt_a cast_v the_o ore_n of_o lead_n between_o they_o in_o small_a piece_n and_o so_o still_o augment_v their_o melt_a which_o can_v yield_v but_o little_a the_o heat_n of_o the_o fire_n be_v choke_v with_o the_o fuel_n and_o dross_n of_o the_o lead_n whereas_o flame_n be_v the_o great_a means_n of_o melt_v of_o all_o mettaline_a oar_n which_o require_v furnace_n to_o be_v make_v according_o where_o thirty_o six_o or_o forty_o hundred_v may_v be_v melt_v together_o they_o melt_v three_o or_o four_o hundred_o there_o be_v no_o wood_n to_o be_v have_v but_o within_o two_o mile_n but_o sea_n coal_n and_o good_a peat_n be_v near_a hand_n which_o may_v serve_v better_a cheap_a for_o they_o reckon_v 7_o or_o 8_o ss_z for_o the_o charge_n of_o a_o father_n for_o the_o melt_a the_o lead_n be_v cast_v into_o small_a pig_n of_o somewhat_o more_o than_o one_o hundred_o weight_n be_v bring_v on_o horseback_n through_o richmond_n to_o burroughbridge_n be_v about_o thirty_o mile_n distant_a and_o be_v convey_v by_o water_n to_o york_n for_o 2_o ss_z the_o hundred_o and_o from_o york_n to_o hull_n for_o other_o two_o shilling_n so_o that_o a_o father_n of_o lead_n with_o all_o charge_n will_v not_o stand_v in_o three_o pound_n and_o there_o be_v a_o near_a way_n by_o stockton_n on_o the_o seaside_n about_o twenty_o and_o five_o mile_n which_o will_v lessen_v the_o say_a charge_n now_o we_o be_v come_v to_o iron_n mine_n mine_n iron_n mine_n whereof_o almost_o all_o country_n in_o europe_n be_v provide_v which_o do_v much_o differ_v in_o goodness_n yet_o may_v be_v use_v according_a to_o the_o several_a work_n whereunto_o it_o be_v employ_v as_o the_o spanish_a iron_n serve_v for_o blade_n &_o not_o so_o good_a for_o other_o thing_n england_n have_v great_a store_n of_o iron_n mine_n for_o by_o computation_n there_o be_v above_o eight_o hundred_o furnace_n the_o melt_a of_o it_o by_o flame_a sea_n coal_n or_o scots_a coal_n save_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o charge_n there_o be_v late_o find_v more_o iron_n mine_n in_o france_n which_o iron_n be_v make_v into_o bar_n be_v transport_v into_o guinea_n binea_n and_o other_o part_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o africa_n where_o it_o have_v continual_o be_v in_o great_a estimation_n and_o now_o become_v so_o abundant_a that_o their_o profit_n be_v but_o small_a of_o those_o voyage_n and_o so_o it_o fall_v out_o at_o this_o present_a for_o the_o price_n of_o lead_n the_o iron_n stone_n in_o wales_n be_v find_v to_o differ_v from_o the_o steel_n stone_n by_o mean_n whereof_o a_o german_a make_v good_a steel_n in_o bar_n stone_n steel_n stone_n and_o also_o gad_n steel_n but_o the_o patent_n of_o sir_n baesell_n brooke_n for_o the_o make_n of_o steel_n do_v hinder_v the_o proceed_n therein_o and_o germane_a steel_n be_v best_a until_o of_o late_a that_o a_o frenchman_n show_v the_o imperfection_n of_o ordinary_a steel_n cause_v his_o majesty_n to_o make_v void_a the_o say_a patent_n and_o to_o grant_v another_o for_o the_o make_n of_o perfect_a steel_n surpass_v in_o goodness_n the_o steel_n of_o all_o country_n so_o we_o find_v
it_o can_v by_o art_n be_v extract_v and_o the_o body_n be_v as_o red_a earth_n can_v never_o be_v moult_a without_o the_o spirit_n be_v again_o add_v thereunto_o gold_n difference_n between_o natural_a and_o artificial_a gold_n as_o it_o be_v infuse_v life_n and_o last_o it_o be_v medicinable_a and_o make_v glad_a the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o artificial_a gold_n do_v not_o neither_o be_v it_o corrosive_n as_o this_o gold_n be_v so_o that_o a_o scratch_n of_o it_o will_v hardly_o be_v heal_v but_o for_o our_o purpose_n of_o money_n be_v soft_a and_o only_o harden_v by_o the_o air_n deaf_a in_o sound_n and_o ponderous_a in_o weight_n it_o require_v to_o make_v crown_n gold_n fit_a for_o money_n and_o work_n to_o have_v some_o allay_n of_o silver_n and_o copper_n mix_v which_o be_v 1_o 12_o part_n howbeit_o that_o money_n be_v also_o make_v of_o fine_a gold_n wherein_o for_o observation_n sake_n we_o ascribe_v half_o a_o grain_n of_o allay_n in_o twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n it_o 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circumspect_o whereof_o one_o of_o the_o vessel_n dâ—d_v spill_v more_o than_o the_o other_o according_a unto_o which_o by_o arithmetical_a proportion_n ground_v upon_o the_o geometrical_a observation_n he_o find_v out_o the_o difference_n between_o the_o quantity_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o two_o water_n and_o consequent_o how_o much_o silver_n there_o be_v put_v in_o in_o one_o of_o the_o crown_n in_o the_o hue_n of_o gold_n which_o if_o they_o have_v be_v both_o falsify_v he_o can_v never_o have_v find_v it_o for_o the_o difference_n come_v to_o be_v know_v by_o the_o bulk_n or_o bigness_n which_o cause_v the_o more_o spill_v and_o the_o matter_n be_v visible_a in_o some_o measure_n for_o i_o have_v observe_v by_o my_o instrument_n make_v for_o proportion_n copper_n proportion_n of_o volume_n 〈◊〉_d gold_n silver_n and_o copper_n that_o the_o difference_n in_o bulk_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n be_v as_o five_o to_o nine_o and_o between_o silver_n and_o copper_n as_o eleven_o to_o thirteen_o that_o the_o body_n of_o copper_n be_v big_a than_o silver_n lead_v to_o silver_n as_o from_o fifteen_o to_o fourteen_o tin_n be_v light_a than_o silver_n and_o do_v differ_v from_o it_o as_o nine_o to_o thirteen_o and_o from_o the_o gold_n as_o seven_o to_o eighteen_o iron_n differ_v from_o silver_n as_o four_o to_o three_o and_o from_o the_o gold_n as_o six_o to_o nine_o the_o body_n of_o gold_n be_v lesser_a quicksilver_n come_v near_a and_o do_v differ_v as_o three_o to_o four_o but_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n we_o must_v note_v the_o diversity_n of_o the_o intention_n which_o be_v mere_a contrary_n for_o the_o one_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o spill_v and_o the_o other_o to_o keep_v it_o from_o spill_v whereas_o also_o between_o the_o operation_n of_o wine_n and_o water_n there_o may_v be_v a_o difference_n in_o this_o trial_n thus_o much_o concern_v the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o fine_a gold_n whereunto_o lead_n come_v near_a for_o ponderosity_n of_o weight_n bigness_n of_o volume_n and_o deafness_n of_o sound_n as_o fit_a for_o protection_n the_o nature_n and_o quality_n of_o silver_n be_v like_a unto_o the_o moon_n silver_n the_o quality_n of_o silver_n that_o be_v cold_a and_o moist_a the_o sulphur_n of_o it_o white_a and_o corrupt_a and_o fall_v away_o as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o draw_v line_n upon_o a_o paper_n between_o the_o planet_n sol_fw-mi and_o luna_fw-la you_o have_v venus_n the_o planet_n of_o copper_n to_o allay_v the_o same_o although_o mercury_n be_v between_o they_o which_o be_v fix_v join_v with_o any_o mettle_n copper_n do_v harden_v the_o silver_n and_o yet_o as_o the_o weak_a of_o the_o two_o be_v soon_o corrupt_v and_o consume_v for_o it_o be_v in_o metal_n according_a to_o the_o proverb_n the_o weak_a go_v to_o the_o wall_n and_o the_o alloy_n of_o copper_n be_v do_v for_o the_o preservation_n of_o silver_n the_o first_o money_n silver_n sickle_n be_v half_a a_o ounce_n of_o silver_n or_o the_o sicle_n of_o the_o hebrew_n be_v pure_a silver_n weigh_v half_o a_o ounce_n which_o be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n and_o can_v proper_o be_v call_v money_n for_o there_o be_v no_o print_n upon_o it_o and_o be_v allay_v with_o copper_n it_o have_v a_o smell_n copper_n the_o quality_n of_o copper_n for_o the_o sulphur_n and_o antimony_n of_o copper_n be_v red_a and_o corrupt_a have_v a_o strong_a smell_n which_o may_v by_o heat_n it_o be_v soon_o discern_v by_o rub_v and_o howsoever_o there_o be_v many_o blancher_n for_o copper_n the_o best_a of_o they_o all_o in_o time_n will_v appear_v in_o his_o colour_n be_v not_o thorough_o fix_v the_o nature_n of_o copper_n be_v also_o cold_a and_o moist_a and_o be_v commix_v and_o augment_v with_o the_o calamine_n stone_n and_o lead_n make_v the_o yellow_a brass_n brass_n yellow_a brass_n and_o increase_v the_o volume_n from_o eleven_o to_o fifteen_o whereas_o as_o we_o have_v say_v before_o between_o silver_n and_o copper_n it_o be_v but_o eleven_o to_o thirteen_o which_o cause_v the_o counterfeiter_n to_o be_v encourage_v notwithstanding_o the_o smell_n and_o redness_n of_o the_o colour_n gold_n allay_v of_o gold_n therefore_o in_o the_o allay_n of_o crown_n gold_n the_o mint-master_n in_o france_n and_o england_n do_v take_v half_a silver_n and_o half_a copper_n which_o make_v the_o high_a colour_n of_o gold_n but_o in_o the_o low-countries_n and_o germany_n they_o take_v three_o part_n silver_n and_o one_o part_v copper_n which_o make_v the_o difference_n between_o the_o colour_n of_o their_o crown_n and_o we_o and_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o our_o gold_n will_v soon_o wear_v away_o than_o they_o we_o have_v already_o declare_v the_o true_a derivation_n of_o money_n call_v by_o the_o roman_n pecunia_n of_o pecus_fw-la pecudis_fw-la not_o pecus_fw-la pecoris_fw-la for_o they_o coin_v first_o copper_n money_n and_o as_o it_o shall_v seem_v the_o wealth_n of_o man_n consist_v most_o in_o cattle_n as_o in_o the_o time_n of_o job_n cause_v ox_n sheep_n and_o the_o like_a cattle_n to_o be_v stamp_v upon_o their_o coin_n of_o mere_a copper_n whereof_o their_o exchequer_n be_v call_v aerarium_fw-la copper_n proportion_n which_o be_v between_o silver_n and_o copper_n be_v then_o in_o great_a estimation_n for_o the_o proportion_n or_o value_n in_o the_o time_n of_o numa_n pompilius_n be_v ten_o of_o copper_n to_o one_o of_o silver_n and_o ten_o of_o silver_n to_o one_o of_o gold_n which_o now_o by_o the_o abundance_n of_o copper_n be_v much_o alter_v notwithstanding_o the_o copper_n money_n use_v in_o all_o country_n in_o some_o reasonable_a measure_n but_o in_o spain_n be_v as_o it_o be_v unto_o we_o the_o fountain_n of_o silver_n and_o gold_n there_o it_o be_v use_v immoderate_o portugal_n copper_n money_n of_o spain_n and_o portugal_n for_o they_o have_v
occasion_n to_o ask_v he_o pix_n trial_o of_o the_o pix_n whether_o the_o last_o and_o supreme_a trial_n of_o the_o money_n which_o be_v make_v common_o once_o a_o year_n before_o the_o lord_n at_o the_o star-chamber_n be_v do_v in_o like_a manner_n and_o he_o answer_v i_o it_o be_v and_o withal_o he_o desire_v i_o to_o resolve_v the_o question_n between_o the_o warden_n and_o the_o mintmaster_n concern_v the_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n hide_v from_o report_n as_o it_o be_v suppose_v according_a to_o our_o former_a conference_n i_o tell_v he_o that_o according_a to_o the_o issue_n join_v between_o he_o and_o i_o that_o the_o mintmaster_n have_v not_o pocket_v up_o any_o such_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n as_o his_o account_n be_v charge_v withal_o i_o will_v make_v that_o plain_a by_o demonstration_n which_o he_o say_v be_v his_o desire_n whereupon_o i_o frame_v my_o answer_n as_o follow_v money_n four_o assay_n of_o bullion_n and_o money_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n sir_n but_o you_o have_v mark_v my_o observation_n of_o the_o four_o several_a assay_n make_v concern_v bullion_n and_o money_n namely_o the_o first_o of_o the_o ingot_n before_o melt_v the_o second_o of_o the_o pot_n assay_v after_o melt_v the_o three_o of_o the_o money_n complete_a make_v thereof_o and_o the_o four_o and_o supreme_a trial_n of_o money_n at_o the_o star-chamber_n as_o it_o be_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o council_n all_o which_o be_v do_v in_o manner_n alike_o you_o have_v from_o time_n to_o time_n tell_v i_o that_o their_o operation_n or_o effect_n be_v also_o alike_o for_o the_o trial_n of_o the_o ingot_n there_o the_o copple_n have_v drink_v in_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n for_o the_o pot_n assay_v there_o two_o penny_n weight_n be_v drink_v in_o also_o the_o assay_v make_v of_o the_o complete_a money_n have_v drink_v in_o the_o like_o two_o penny_n weight_n and_o last_o of_o all_o the_o high_a trial_n of_o all_o have_v drink_v in_o the_o like_o two_o penny_n weight_n of_o silver_n how_o can_v it_o then_o be_v pocket_v up_o by_o the_o mintmaster_n when_o it_o be_v in_o the_o bullion_n remain_v in_o the_o pot_n find_v in_o the_o money_n and_o confirm_v to_o be_v so_o by_o the_o supreme_a trial_n and_o why_o shall_v the_o mint-master_n account_v be_v charge_v either_o with_o a_o imaginary_a or_o substantial_a thing_n which_o he_o never_o have_v or_o enjoy_v resolution_n a_o tacite_fw-la resolution_n to_o this_o the_o assay-master_n answer_v rather_o by_o sign_n than_o word_n say_v it_o be_v otherwise_o take_v and_o understand_v and_o himself_o take_v now_o better_a notice_n of_o it_o and_o wish_v that_o truth_n may_v prevail_v according_a to_o the_o say_n magna_fw-la est_fw-la veritas_fw-la praevalet_fw-la praevaluit_fw-la &_o praevalebit_fw-la and_o so_o end_v our_o suppose_a discourse_n now_o let_v we_o come_v to_o the_o mystery_n of_o the_o mint_n beyond_o the_o sea_n to_o recompense_v they_o that_o may_v take_v offence_n for_o discuss_v the_o premise_n and_o let_v we_o be_v like_o nathaniel_n in_o who_o there_o be_v no_o guile_n qui_fw-la vadit_fw-la planè_fw-la vadit_fw-la sanè_fw-la howbeit_o discretion_n be_v requisite_a the_o assay_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v most_o make_v according_a to_o the_o proportion_n of_o the_o mark_n which_o be_v eight_o ounce_n troy_n and_o they_o take_v twenty_o grain_n to_o make_v their_o assay_n by_o which_o be_v correspondent_a with_o our_o fifteen_o grain_n us._n thirty_o two_o grain_n beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v more_o than_o 24_o grain_n with_o us._n for_o they_o divide_v their_o english_a or_o penny_n weight_n in_o thirty_o two_o ass_n or_o grain_n which_o from_o twenty_o four_o unto_o thirty_o two_o differ_v one_o three_o part_n so_o be_v fifteen_o unto_o twenty_o also_o a_o three_o part_n for_o this_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n be_v twofold_a the_o one_o be_v call_v english_a weight_n and_o the_o other_o french_a weight_n in_o the_o low_a country_n but_o the_o english_a weight_n be_v most_o use_v which_o be_v divide_v into_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o english_a or_o penny_n weight_n mark_n english_a mark_n and_o every_o english_a thirty_o two_o grain_n as_o aforesaid_a be_v 5120_o grain_n to_o the_o mark_n this_o mark_n and_o one_o half_a make_v within_o a_o little_a our_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n for_o the_o pound_n weight_n be_v in_o grain_n 7680._o the_o french_a weight_n call_v penny_n weight_n be_v also_o eight_o ounce_n mark_n french_a mark_n every_o ounce_n four_o and_o twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 6912_o grain_n for_o the_o twelve_o ounce_n or_o 4608_o grain_n for_o the_o eight_o ounce_n these_o grain_n be_v also_o divide_v in_o twenty_o four_o garobe_n or_o prime_n and_o the_o prime_n in_o twenty_o four_o second_o and_o the_o second_o in_o 24_o tercy_n or_o malloquen_n which_o be_v superfluous_a notwithstanding_o all_o the_o say_a weight_n and_o division_n to_o make_v assay_n they_o use_v another_o weight_n weight_n assay_v weight_n which_o every_o man_n make_v according_a to_o his_o fancy_n but_o most_o common_o they_o will_v divide_v the_o mark_n in_o twelve_o denier_n or_o penny_n and_o the_o penny_n into_o twenty_o four_o grain_n and_o then_o grain_n subdivide_v of_o paper_n make_v ⅛_n 1_o 10_o and_o 1_o 32_o part_n of_o a_o grain_n which_o concur_v near_a with_o our_o assay_n weight_n for_o if_o one_o pound_n of_o silver_n do_v contain_v 1_o 12_o part_n copper_n they_o call_v this_o eleven_o denier_n fine_a as_o we_o say_v eleven_o ounce_n fine_a for_o the_o gold_n likewise_o they_o do_v use_v the_o same_o weight_n account_v for_o every_o denier_n or_o penny_n weight_n two_o carrat_n so_o twenty_o four_o carrat_n for_o twelve_o denier_n or_o ounce_n and_o consequent_o eleven_o denier_n be_v twenty_o two_o carrat_n etc._n etc._n so_o the_o gold_n mark_n be_v twenty_o four_o carrat_n mark_n gold_n mark_n silver_n mark_n a_o carrot_fw-la be_v twelve_o grain_n so_o 288_o in_o the_o mark_n so_o the_o silver_n mark_v of_o twelve_o denier_n of_o twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 288_o grain_n also_o which_o be_v big_a grain_n divide_v into_o four_o prime_n or_o siliquas_fw-la be_v 1152._o they_o use_v also_o a_o manner_n of_o speech_n to_o say_v twelve_o shilling_n to_o the_o mark_n pound_n pound_n mark_v pound_n every_o shilling_n twelve_o penny_n and_o every_o penny_n twenty_o four_o grain_n be_v 3456_o grain_n in_o the_o mark_n all_o which_o be_v do_v to_o make_v the_o knowledge_n of_o these_o thing_n intricate_a in_o like_a manner_n for_o the_o sheir_a of_o their_o money_n money_n shire_n money_n they_o will_v for_o every_o piece_n make_v a_o penny_n as_o if_o there_o be_v make_v seventie_o eight_o piece_n out_o of_o a_o mark_n they_o will_v say_v it_o ☞_o hold_v six_o shilling_n and_o six_o penny_n in_o the_o shire_n or_o for_o 62_o piece_n five_o shilling_n two_o penny_n and_o so_o obscure_a thing_n to_o take_v advantage_n upon_o other_o for_o the_o mint-master_n of_o the_o low_a country_n and_o germany_n be_v very_o experience_v in_o mint_n matter_n and_o the_o assay_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o grain_n may_v deceive_v much_o if_o by_o trial_n the_o calculation_n be_v not_o right_o make_v and_o if_o the_o say_a mint-master_n be_v not_o subtle_a yet_o the_o general_n which_o follow_v the_o prince_n or_o state_n do_v nothing_o else_o but_o study_n these_o thing_n always_o therefore_o let_v we_o observe_v more_o particular_n of_o their_o proceed_n as_o follow_v in_o the_o make_n of_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n they_o will_v use_v many_o time_n to_o make_v piece_n of_o fine_a gold_n and_o courser_n gold_n as_o the_o imperial_a royal_a and_o the_o half_a royal_a the_o one_o twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o the_o other_o but_o eighteen_o carrat_n or_o the_o flanders_n crown_n of_o 22_o carrat_n in_o germany_n the_o ducat_n and_o the_o gold_n guildren_n which_o for_o work_n be_v mix_v be_v serviceable_a admit_v by_o connivance_n the_o melt_a of_o the_o money_n rather_o than_o for_o want_v of_o it_o bullion_n shall_v not_o be_v bring_v to_o their_o mint_n therefore_o they_o also_o take_v little_a for_o the_o coinage_n because_o it_o shall_v soon_o come_v unto_o they_o than_o unto_o other_o minter_n where_o the_o coinage_n or_o seignoriage_n be_v great_a and_o albeit_o the_o same_o be_v but_o small_a yet_o will_v they_o find_v mean_n to_o make_v other_o prince_n to_o pay_v the_o same_o transportation_n money_n make_v for_o transportation_n and_o cause_n money_n to_o be_v make_v for_o transportation_n especial_o for_o the_o east_n country_n to_o buy_v corn_n to_o bring_v the_o same_o unto_o their_o magazine_n whereby_o trade_n be_v increase_v and_o spain_n and_o portugal_n supply_v the_o same_o by_o suffer_v money_n to_o be_v
what_o 36_o carrat_n fine_a be_v and_o that_o one_o mark_v and_o a_o half_o be_v take_v to_o the_o pound_n of_o 12_o ounce_n they_o have_v do_v the_o like_a for_o finesse_n and_o unaduised_o term_v gold_n thirty_o and_o six_o carrat_n fine_a which_o be_v exorbitant_a of_o the_o general_a observation_n touch_v the_o several_a standard_n of_o money_n in_o other_o country_n as_o you_o may_v see_v by_o the_o content_n of_o the_o say_a declaration_n whereby_o a_o man_n shall_v many_o time_n receive_v coin_n of_o above_o twenty_o standard_n in_o one_o hundred_o pound_n it_o be_v the_o only_a fallacy_n in_o exchange_n that_o can_v be_v whereby_o no_o merchant_n be_v able_a to_o know_v whether_o he_o have_v the_o true_a value_n of_o the_o sum_n to_o be_v pay_v he_o but_o he_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o stream_n of_o valuation_n and_o toleration_n of_o money_n to_o go_v currant_n as_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n shall_v be_v declare_v and_o all_o man_n common_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o great_a money_n use_v in_o every_o country_n make_v account_n that_o other_o small_a money_n have_v their_o true_a valuation_n thereafter_o as_o the_o philip_n dollar_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a coin_n standard_n of_o foreign_a coin_n and_z 7_o 9_o 04_o piece_n to_o the_o mark_n the_o holland_n dollar_n of_o nine_o ounce_n fine_a and_z 8_o 8_o 9_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n the_o spanish_a royal_a of_o eleven_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o nine_o piece_n the_o mark_n the_o gueldres_n and_o frizeland_n dollar_n of_o ten_o ounce_n four_o penny_n weight_n and_o 9_o â—_o 2_o piece_n the_o shilling_n of_o zealand_n of_o six_o ounce_n fine_a and_o thirty_o and_o eight_o piece_n the_o mark_n the_o golden_a royal_a of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a and_o forty_o and_o six_o piece_n the_o mark_n the_o french_a crown_n of_o twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o seventie_o and_o two_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n the_o golden_a rider_n of_o the_o state_n of_o twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n and_o twenty_o and_o four_o in_o the_o mark_n the_o albertin_n or_o ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a and_o be_v seventie_o piece_n in_o the_o mark_n or_o thirty_o and_o five_o double_a piece_n and_o their_o daily_a new_a coin_n which_o they_o make_v of_o several_a standard_n which_o require_v a_o vigilant_a eye_n but_o we_o have_v shun_v industry_n and_o labour_n which_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o contrary_a to_o my_o first_o intention_n i_o abreviate_v some_o thing_n a_o declaration_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n concern_v their_o finesse_n and_o number_n of_o piece_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n every_o ounce_n contain_v twenty_o penny_n weight_n and_o every_o penny_n weight_n twenty_o and_o four_o grain_n in_o weight_n and_o in_o finesse_n twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la four_o grain_n calculate_v for_o the_o foreign_a coin_n upon_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o eight_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n twenty_o english_a and_o every_o english_a thirty_o and_o two_o aze_n for_o the_o pound_n weight_n and_o in_o finesse_n twenty_o and_o four_o carrat_n and_o every_o carrot_fw-la twelve_o grain_n unnecessary_a fraction_n omit_v the_o imperial_a royal_a of_o gold_n always_o account_v equal_a with_o the_o english_a angel_n in_o finesse_n and_o in_o weight_n but_o a_o little_a differ_v of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n ½_n and_o sixty_o and_o nine_o piece_n weigh_v twelve_o ounce_n troy_n the_o half_a royal_a be_v but_o eighteen_o carrat_n in_o finesse_n and_o 105_o â…“_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o carolus_n guildren_n be_v â…”_n part_n of_o it_o but_o fourteen_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 126_o piece_n the_o rose_n noble_a of_o england_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ¾_n grain_n fine_a and_o 46_o ¾_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o double_a royal_a of_o austria_n of_o twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a and_o 24_o ¾_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o noble_n of_o holland_n vtrech_n and_o ouerrysel_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o forty_o and_o eight_o piece_n the_o gold_n guildren_n of_o eighteen_o carrat_n three_o grain_n scarce_o in_o finesse_n and_o 112_o ½_n piece_n the_o half_a noble_a or_o hungary_n ducat_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o â…™_n grain_n fine_a and_o 113_o ½_n piece_n the_o bishop_n ducat_n fine_a twenty_o and_o three_o carrats_n ½_n and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o ducat_n of_o italy_n venice_n turkey_n and_o rome_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n other_o italian_a ducat_n and_o the_o ducat_n of_o gelder_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 106_o ½_n piece_n the_o angel_n of_o england_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n twenty_o and_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o seventie_o two_o piece_n the_o sovereign_n of_o the_o say_a queen_n twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o sixty_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o old_a sovereign_n of_o more_o weight_n twenty_o and_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 54_o ¾_n piece_n the_o half_a sovereign_n fine_a but_o twenty_o carrat_n and_o 120_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o angel_n with_o the_o o._n be_v but_o 23_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 72_o scarce_o to_o the_o pound_n the_o angel_n with_o three_o lion_n 22_o carrot_fw-la sine_fw-la and_o 76_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n weight_n the_o half_a noble_a with_o the_o lion_n and_o the_o noble_a of_o bridges_n 23_o carrat_n and_o 88_o ½_n piece_n the_o andrew_n guilder_n fine_a eighteen_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o one_o grain_n some_o piece_n 108._o the_o gulielmus_fw-la gilder_n sine_fw-la eighteen_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o gold_n guilder_n of_o the_o state_n twenty_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 120_o ¾_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o golden_a fleece_n or_o toyson_n d'_fw-fr or_o 23_o carrat_n three_o grain_n ¼_n and_o 81_o â…™_n piece_n the_o phillip_n guildren_n fine_a fifteen_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 111_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o joannes_n guildren_n fine_a sixteen_o carrat_n and_o 109_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o noble_n of_o gaunt_n and_o zealand_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n fine_a and_o fifty_o four_o piece_n the_o half_a imperial_a crown_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n 1_o ½_n grain_n and_o 107_o ½_n piece_n the_o henricus_n noble_a of_o england_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n and_o 53_o ¾_n piece_n the_o old_a english_a crown_n somewhat_o better_o than_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n the_o henry_n noble_a of_o france_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o fifty_o one_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o half_a henry_n noble_a fine_a twenty_o two_o carrat_n 2_o ½_n grain_n and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o floret_fw-la crown_n of_o france_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n the_o charles_n french_a crown_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n the_o floret_fw-la of_o france_n stand_v twenty_o two_o carrat_n and_o 100_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o old_a golden_a lion_n of_o flanders_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 79_o ¾_n piece_n the_o ducat_n of_o castille_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_o 79_o ¾_n piece_n likewise_o the_o spanish_a ducat_n 23_o carrat_n two_o grain_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o holland_n ducat_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n two_o grain_n fine_a and_o 105_o piece_n likewise_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o zealand_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n ½_n fine_a and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o ducat_n of_o navarre_n majorca_n and_o other_o twenty_o three_o carrat_n one_o grain_n and_o 52_o ½_n piece_n the_o spanish_a pistolet_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n fine_a and_o 108_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o milreys_n ducat_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n one_o grain_n fine_a and_o forty_o eight_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o contrefait_a milrey_n be_v but_o twenty_o one_o carrot_fw-la sine_fw-la and_o likewise_o forty_o eight_o piece_n the_o emanuel_n ducat_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n 3_o grain_n and_o 105_o piece_n to_o the_o pound_n the_o emanuel_n great_a crusate_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o three_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 10_o ½_n piece_n the_o joannes_n great_a crusate_n be_v but_o twenty_o two_o carrat_n three_o grain_n fine_a and_z 10_o ½_n piece_n the_o ducat_n with_o the_o short_a cross_n of_o portugal_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n three_o grain_n and_o 105_o piece_n the_o ducat_n with_o the_o long_a cross_n twenty_o two_o carrat_n one_o grain_n fine_a and_o likewise_o 105_o piece_n the_o ducat_n with_o the_o long_a cross_n
to_o one_o of_o gold_n in_o france_n the_o mark_n of_o gold_n value_v at_o seventie_o four_o crown_n and_o the_o silver_n at_o 6_o â…“_n crown_n make_v the_o proportion_n 11_o 11_o 19_o part_n but_o value_v the_o french_a crown_n at_o three_o frankes_n be_v eleven_o to_o one_o in_o england_n the_o angel_n at_o ten_o shilling_n and_o the_o silver_n at_o sixty_o shilling_n the_o pound_n troy_n of_o 12_o ounce_n be_v that_o six_o angel_n do_v weigh_v a_o ounce_n make_v also_o eleven_o to_o one_o in_o germany_n one_o mark_n of_o silver_n at_o 8_o ½_n gold_n guilder_n make_v 11_o â…”_n for_o 1_o but_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n be_v alter_v have_v also_o alter_v the_o same_o in_o rome_n the_o pound_n of_o silver_n at_o 108_o carlini_n and_o the_o ducat_n of_o gold_n 99_o ¼_n be_v 12_o to_o 1._o so_o at_o milan_n the_o ducat_n 112_o and_o the_o teaston_n 28_o be_v but_o 9_o â…“_n for_o 1._o the_o silver_n be_v so_o in_o request_n there_o for_o the_o make_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n thread_n that_o be_v to_o say_v silver_n thread_n guilt_n and_o white_a now_o for_o all_o place_n of_o momentary_a traffic_n it_o be_v 12_o to_o 1_o and_o in_o england_n 13_o ½_n to_o 1_o as_o have_v be_v declare_v the_o valuation_n of_o foreign_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n publish_v in_o the_o unite_a low_a province_n on_o the_o 21_o day_n of_o julie_n 1622_o with_o the_o order_n establish_v by_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o say_a country_n for_o the_o better_a observation_n of_o the_o say_a valuation_n which_o never_o the_o less_o be_v continual_o infringe_v from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v in_o other_o country_n so_o that_o to_o observe_v our_o own_o rule_n according_a to_o equality_n and_o equity_n will_v be_v find_v the_o best_a and_o safe_a course_n of_o politic_a government_n  _fw-fr guilder_n stivers_n flemish_n the_o great_a golden_a rider_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n 11_o 6_o or_o 37_o sâ—_n 8_o do_v the_o half_a of_o the_o say_a rider_n 5_o 13_o 18_o 10_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o the_o say_a province_n with_o the_o letter_n 8_o 10_o 28_o 4_o the_o french_a crown_n 3_o 18_o 13_o 0_o the_o pistolet_n of_o spain_n of_o four_o pistolet_n 15_o 8_o 51_o 4_o the_o double_a pistolet_n of_o spain_n 7_o 14_o 25_o 8_o the_o single_a pistolet_n after_o the_o rate_n 3_o 17_o 12_o 10_o the_o albertin_n or_o ducat_n of_o albertus_n of_o austria_n 5_o 13_o 18_o 10_o the_o double_a rose_n noble_a of_o england_n 18_o 12_o 62_o 0_o the_o rose_n noble_a of_o henricus_n edward_n and_o queen_n elizabeth_n 9_o 6_o 31_o 0_o the_o henricus_n noble_a 8_o 6_o 27_o 8_o the_o flemish_a noble_a old_a and_o new_a of_o the_o unite_a country_n 8_o 0_o 26_o 8_o the_o old_a angel_n of_o england_n 6_o 4_o 20_o 8_o the_o new_a rider_n of_o gelder_n and_n friesland_n 3_o 13_o 12_o 2_o the_o gold_n guilder_n of_o those_o mint_n 3_o 2_o 10_o 4_o all_o which_o coin_n be_v to_o be_v weigh_v with_o their_o accustom_a weight_n and_o the_o remedy_n of_o two_o grain_n and_o no_o more_o with_o some_o little_a advantage_n over_o or_o at_o the_o least_o be_v within_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o balance_n provide_v always_o that_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o due_a fineness_n although_o they_o be_v light_a shall_v be_v currant_n pay_v for_o every_o grain_n want_v two_o stiver_n silver_n coin_n  _fw-fr guilder_n stivers_n flemish_n  _fw-fr  _fw-fr  _fw-fr ss_z d._n the_o lion_n doller_n of_o the_o low_a province_n 2_o 0_o 6_o 8_o the_o rickx_n dollar_n in_o general_n 2_o 10_o 8_o 4_o the_o cross_n doller_n of_o albertus_n 2_o 7_o 7_o 10_o the_o spanish_a rial_n of_o 8_o 2_o 8_o 8_o 0_o the_o doller_n of_o zealand_n and_o frise_n with_o the_o eagle_n 1_o 10_o 5_o 0_o the_o floren_n or_o guilder_n of_o friesland_n 1_o 8_o 4_o 8_o the_o english_a shilling_n and_o of_o great_a britain_n 0_o 10_o ½_n 1_o 9_o the_o mark_n piece_n or_o thistle_n of_o scotland_n 0_o 12_o 2_o 0_o the_o harp_n of_o scotland_n and_o ireland_n 0_o 8_o 1_o 4_o and_o if_o any_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n be_v find_v to_o want_v of_o their_o weight_n and_o the_o appoint_a remedy_n within_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o balance_n or_o some_o little_a advantage_n over_o they_o shall_v be_v currant_n pay_v for_o every_o grain_n want_v two_o penny_n hollandt_n whereof_o 16_o make_v one_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a groat_n be_v make_v bullion_n or_o shall_v not_o be_v currant_n small_a money_n for_o ordinary_a payment_n the_o shilling_n of_o all_o the_o several_a province_n respective_o and_o of_o the_o mint_n of_o nimogen_n deventer_n campen_n and_o swoll_n 6_o stivers_n the_o half_a shilling_n after_o the_o rate_n 3_o stivers_n the_o piece_n call_v flab_n of_o groninghen_n 4_o stiver_n the_o double_a 8_o stivers_n the_o twintigst_a part_n of_o the_o great_a silver_n royal_a 2_o ½_n stivers_n the_o double_a and_o single_a stiver_n of_o all_o these_o country_n 2_o &_o 1_o stiver_n money_n the_o ten_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o copper_n money_n 1_o of_o all_o which_o small_a money_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o rent_n interest_n or_o abatement_n of_o the_o same_o as_o also_o of_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n exceed_v in_o one_o parcel_n the_o sum_n of_o one_o hundred_o guilder_n no_o man_n shall_v be_v bind_v to_o receive_v more_o than_o the_o ten_o penny_n 2_o the_o duyt_n according_a to_o the_o order_n of_o the_o province_n make_v in_o the_o provincial_a mint_n and_o none_o other_o be_v as_o yet_o tolerate_v for_o a_o duyt_n and_o all_o other_o copper_n money_n of_o the_o provincial_a mint_n be_v also_o tolerate_v to_o be_v pay_v out_o for_o one_o penny_n the_o piece_n the_o 16_o whereof_o make_v one_o hollandt_n stiver_n and_o not_o above_o whereas_o we_o do_v intend_v hereafter_o to_o prohibit_v the_o same_o to_o be_v currant_n for_o any_o price_n because_o we_o will_v provide_v ourselves_o forthwith_o with_o so_o much_o copper_n money_n as_o the_o commodiousness_n shall_v require_v 3_o we_o do_v also_o prohibit_v from_o henceforth_o no_o copper_n money_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o these_o country_n above_o two_o stiver_n upon_o pain_n often_o stiver_n for_o every_o piece_n to_o be_v forfeit_v and_o whosoever_o shall_v issue_v any_o copper_n money_n above_o the_o say_a price_n shall_v incur_v the_o like_a penalty_n of_o ten_o stiver_n for_o every_o piece_n 4_o and_o all_o the_o say_a coin_n shall_v be_v currant_n in_o these_o province_n for_o the_o price_n aforesaid_a declare_v all_o other_o piece_n for_o bullion_n melt_v all_o other_o coin_n make_v bullion_n to_o be_v melt_v which_o by_o this_o our_o proclamation_n be_v not_o value_v prohibit_v any_o of_o the_o say_a piece_n to_o be_v offer_v or_o receive_v as_o also_o to_o press_v any_o of_o those_o which_o be_v value_v to_o be_v pay_v at_o a_o high_a price_n than_o they_o be_v value_v and_o likewise_o offer_v to_o put_v forth_o other_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n value_v which_o be_v clip_v wash_v break_a mend_v neiled_a or_o otherwise_o augment_v in_o weight_n upon_o forfeiture_n of_o all_o the_o say_a coin_n so_o to_o be_v offer_v at_o high_a rate_n than_o this_o proclamation_n do_v permit_v and_o if_o the_o fact_n be_v not_o instant_o discover_v to_o forfeit_v the_o value_n thereof_o and_o moreover_o the_o quadruple_a or_o the_o value_n thereof_o or_o 24_o guilder_n in_o lieu_n thereof_o if_o the_o say_a coin_n do_v not_o amount_v to_o six_o guilder_n for_o the_o first_o time_n the_o second_o time_n double_a and_o for_o the_o three_o time_n quadruple_a and_o moreover_o arbitrable_a correction_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fact_n 5_o without_o that_o any_o distinction_n shall_v be_v make_v whether_o the_o say_v coin_n be_v instant_o pay_v from_o foreign_a part_n or_o send_v from_o some_o one_o province_n or_o town_n into_o another_o in_o which_o case_n if_o the_o receiver_n thereof_o will_v be_v free_v of_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n he_o be_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o it_o within_o twenty_o and_o four_o hour_n after_o the_o receipt_n thereof_o unto_o the_o magistrate_n or_o other_o officer_n to_o be_v thereunto_o appoint_v to_o the_o end_n they_o may_v proceed_v therein_o against_o the_o sender_n of_o the_o say_a coin_n as_o it_o shall_v or_o may_v appertain_v 6_o yet_o shall_v the_o say_a receiver_n keep_v the_o say_v coin_v whole_o to_o himself_o if_o the_o say_a money_n be_v send_v unto_o he_o in_o payment_n of_o a_o former_a debt_n and_o nevertheless_o have_v his_o action_n against_o the_o party_n for_o so_o much_o as_o they_o shall_v want_v of_o the_o say_a valuation_n and_o if_o the_o say_a coin_n be_v send_v for_o any_o debt_n as_o yet_o not_o due_a or_o to_o be_v make_v the_o say_a
nevertheless_o to_o accommodate_v and_o for_o remarkable_a reason_n we_o have_v condescend_v and_o tolerate_v that_o the_o follow_a species_n of_o gold_n only_o and_o none_o other_o shall_v be_v issue_v and_o receive_v for_o the_o price_n hereafter_o until_o the_o last_o of_o september_n now_o next_o ensue_v 42_o provide_v always_o that_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v before_o the_o date_n of_o these_o present_n for_o the_o payment_n of_o any_o money_n according_a to_o the_o permission_n of_o that_o time_n shall_v remain_v and_o be_v maintain_v and_o satisfy_v according_a to_o the_o tenor_n thereof_o without_o that_o by_o the_o say_a valuation_n or_o follow_a toleration_n any_o thing_n to_o the_o contrary_n shall_v be_v innovate_v or_o abolish_v 43_o also_o during_o the_o say_a toleration_n no_o coin_n to_o be_v pay_v for_o land_n or_o heritage_n or_o rent_n upon_o bill_n or_o payment_n upon_o obligation_n until_o januarie_n last_o shall_v be_v draw_v against_o the_o will_n of_o the_o party_n to_o the_o say_a price_n of_o toleration_n but_o be_v to_o be_v perform_v according_a to_o this_o present_a valuation_n 44_o likewise_o the_o say_a bank_n of_o exchange_n shall_v have_v no_o power_n to_o take_v in_o payment_n the_o say_a coin_n at_o high_a price_n nor_o to_o issue_v the_o same_o otherwise_o than_o the_o say_v final_a valuation_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o follow_a toleration_n which_o as_o unnecessary_a be_v here_o omit_v the_o time_n be_v expire_v observation_n concern_v the_o say_a proclamation_n and_o ordinance_n that_o the_o manner_n of_o popular_a government_n in_o their_o proclamation_n placcart_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n do_v much_o differ_v from_o the_o proclamation_n which_o be_v make_v in_o monarchy_n where_o magistrate_n and_o judge_n be_v of_o great_a reputation_n and_o dignity_n according_a to_o their_o royal_a parlement_n that_o in_o the_o year_n 1594_o all_o mint_n stand_v still_o for_o one_o whole_a year_n to_o prevent_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o coin_n between_o man_n and_o man_n and_o the_o say_a state_n do_v declare_v that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o their_o power_n to_o reform_v the_o same_o so_o long_o as_o the_o seventeen_fw-mi netherlands_o be_v divide_v every_o one_o claim_v as_o absolute_a authority_n as_o the_o other_o as_o member_n of_o one_o body_n and_o that_o now_o they_o have_v devise_v a_o course_n to_o make_v their_o proclamation_n effectual_a within_o the_o unite_a province_n to_o their_o great_a benefit_n if_o we_o will_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o former_a valuation_n of_o coin_n make_v by_o prince_n and_o merchant_n with_o their_o several_a branch_n which_o by_o policy_n be_v make_v inconstant_a and_o germany_n france_n and_o other_o country_n have_v not_o as_o yet_o take_v any_o course_n in_o their_o money_n answerable_a thereunto_o that_o the_o lion_n doller_n and_o the_o great_a golden_a royal_a of_o the_o say_v unite_v province_n be_v value_v and_o make_v the_o standard_n piece_n of_o all_o the_o gold_n and_o silver_n coin_n make_v currant_n by_o this_o proclamation_n and_o that_o all_o other_o coin_n of_o what_o kingdom_n or_o state_n soever_o be_v make_v bullion_n and_o not_o to_o be_v currant_n within_o the_o say_a province_n that_o silver_n coin_n shall_v be_v weigh_v as_o well_o as_o the_o gold_n whereby_o a_o more_o certainty_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o calculation_n of_o the_o par_fw-fr for_o exchange_n the_o rather_o for_o that_o their_o species_n be_v far_o less_o in_o number_n and_o the_o proportion_n between_o gold_n and_o silver_n can_v be_v better_o discern_v yet_o without_o the_o rule_n of_o exchange_n by_o bill_n still_o great_a advantage_n may_v be_v take_v by_o one_o nation_n against_o another_o that_o the_o scope_n of_o this_o proclamation_n be_v to_o set_v their_o mint_n on_o work_n by_o abolish_n all_o the_o several_a coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n of_o all_o kingdom_n not_o value_v or_o make_v currant_n thereby_o state_n the_o coin_v of_o money_n be_v a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n so_o that_o the_o melt_a of_o money_n be_v a_o great_a matter_n of_o state_n which_o may_v be_v see_v by_o the_o former_a declaration_n of_o their_o weight_n and_o finesse_n in_o so_o much_o that_o whereas_o in_o the_o year_n 1586_o when_o the_o earl_n of_o leycester_n go_v over_o to_o take_v the_o government_n of_o those_o country_n by_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o late_a queen_n elizabeth_n of_o bless_a memory_n the_o lion_n doller_n make_v now_o to_o be_v the_o standard_n piece_n be_v value_v at_o thirty_o six_o stiver_n and_o the_o english_a shilling_n which_o be_v now_o require_v to_o be_v deliver_v by_o weight_n be_v value_v at_o ten_o stiver_n hundred_o decree_v four_o upon_o the_o hundred_o and_o now_o the_o say_a lion_n doller_n albeit_o decree_v after_o the_o former_a inhancement_n be_v still_o value_v at_o forty_o stiver_n which_o be_v one_o nine_o part_n increase_v according_a to_o which_o the_o english_a shilling_n ought_v to_o be_v increase_v also_o 1_o 9_o part_n which_o for_o 10_o stiver_n will_v be_v 11_o stiver_n and_o 1_o 9_o part_n whereas_o the_o same_o be_v enhance_v but_o to_o ten_o stiver_n &_o one_o half_a and_o no_o more_o the_o difference_n in_o exchange_n according_a to_o the_o valuation_n be_v in_o the_o one_o after_o the_o rate_n of_o 35_o of_o their_o shilling_n for_o our_o 20_o shilling_n and_o in_o the_o other_o above_o 37_o shilling_n in_o the_o main_a standard_n coin_n and_o much_o more_o in_o the_o small_a coin_n whereof_o more_o hereafter_o concern_v exchange_n the_o like_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v have_v for_o the_o valuation_n of_o money_n of_o other_o country_n whereby_o authority_n will_v rule_v their_o own_o and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o rule_n of_o other_o nation_n but_o by_o equality_n and_o equity_n which_o no_o nâ—tion_n can_v control_v or_o contradict_v wherein_o consider_v we_o likewise_o the_o standard_n piece_n of_o the_o late_a archduke_n albertus_n of_o austria_n for_o the_o unite_a province_n declare_v by_o their_o proclamation_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o and_o we_o shall_v find_v the_o like_a ground_n and_o foundation_n to_o their_o advantage_n albeit_o they_o seem_v to_o find_v fault_n with_o the_o disorderly_a course_n of_o money_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a policy_n in_o state_n affair_n the_o say_a archduke_n make_v as_o now_o the_o state_n have_v do_v his_o own_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n for_o standard_n piece_n silver_n modern_a and_o ancient_a standard_n oâ—_n gold_n and_o silver_n namely_o the_o double_a ducat_n of_o 23_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n of_o gold_n at_o seven_o guilder_n and_o eighteen_o stivers_n and_o the_o piece_n of_o three_o royal_n at_o fifteen_o stivers_n of_o ten_o ounce_n and_o eighteen_o grain_n fine_a by_o their_o calculation_n in_o the_o pound_n weight_n troy_n and_o by_o these_o mean_n there_o be_v a_o new_a foundation_n lay_v down_o for_o money_n in_o the_o say_v seventeen_o low_a province_n where_o heretofore_o they_o always_o have_v the_o philip_n doller_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o the_o emperor_n royal_a of_o gold_n of_o 23_o carrat_n 3_o ½_n grain_n fine_a for_o their_o standard_n piece_n qui_fw-la vadit_fw-la plane_n vadit_fw-la sane_fw-la take_v not_o always_o place_n last_o that_o the_o mint_n of_o certain_a lord_n be_v call_v hedge_n mint_n which_o be_v not_o under_o their_o command_n mint_n hedge_n mint_n as_o batenborg_n heall_n bargain_n vianen_n gronswelt_v rechein_n gevarden_n stenwart_n and_o other_o may_v follow_v their_o own_o course_n in_o the_o coin_v of_o money_n and_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o commerce_n alter_v all_o these_o ordinance_n for_o in_o the_o say_a year_n of_o 1586_o all_o the_o say_a forfeiture_n and_o penalty_n be_v far_o great_a and_o the_o melt_a down_o of_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o coin_n be_v prohibit_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n and_o good_n yet_o all_o be_v neglect_v and_o come_v into_o disorder_n by_o the_o command_n of_o gain_n which_o be_v take_v away_o by_o a_o true_a course_n of_o exchange_n be_v the_o only_a remedy_n to_o make_v the_o effect_n to_o cease_v and_o all_o other_o mean_n be_v fallacy_n and_o to_o be_v abuse_v &c._n &c._n *_o dtridot_n chap._n x._o of_o the_o law_n and_o prohibition_n against_o usury_n many_o be_v the_o author_n which_o have_v write_v against_o usury_n in_o all_o age_n every_o man_n according_a to_o his_o profession_n most_o especial_o the_o divine_n who_o have_v the_o word_n of_o god_n for_o their_o warrant_n wherein_o also_o the_o ancient_a father_n have_v be_v very_o strict_a to_o construe_v the_o same_o according_o usury_n definition_n of_o usury_n make_v any_o thing_n take_v above_o the_o principal_a to_o be_v usury_n because_o the_o very_a word_n of_o usury_n in_o the_o hebrew_n tongue_n be_v call_v a_o bite_a of_o this_o word_n neshech_n which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o kind_n of_o bite_a as_o
a_o regard_n to_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n be_v due_o observe_v albeit_o the_o lender_n of_o the_o money_n can_v have_v take_v more_o when_o the_o borrower_n will_v give_v it_o to_o serve_v his_o occasion_n without_o this_o precise_a observation_n of_o the_o quality_n of_o person_n a_o matter_n considerable_a now_o adays_o since_o the_o west-indies_n have_v be_v discover_v whereby_o the_o currant_n of_o money_n be_v divide_v into_o many_o country_n and_o run_v also_o according_a to_o occasion_n and_o the_o policy_n of_o state_n and_o merchant_n usury_n difference_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n for_o the_o toleration_n and_o permission_n to_o deliver_v money_n at_o interest_n do_v differ_v in_o the_o rate_n in_o most_o country_n take_v in_o one_o place_n more_o and_o in_o another_o less_o according_a to_o the_o traffic_n and_o merchant_n devise_n money_n a_o policy_n by_o plenty_n of_o money_n in_o poland_n lituania_n prussia_n and_o other_o country_n adjacent_a when_o they_o do_v abound_v in_o corn_n money_n be_v common_o very_o scarce_o and_o the_o price_n of_o corn_n thereby_o much_o abate_v at_o which_o time_n they_o will_v rather_o tolerate_v or_o proclaim_v the_o money_n to_o be_v enhance_v in_o price_n or_o to_o be_v deliver_v at_o interest_n after_o fifteen_o twenty_o and_o sometime_o twenty_o and_o five_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o a_o year_n or_o a_o lesser_a time_n hereupon_o present_o great_a store_n of_o money_n come_v from_o all_o place_n thither_o which_o make_v the_o price_n of_o money_n to_o rise_v afterward_o when_o many_o ship_n be_v lade_v and_o the_o fleet_n depart_v from_o amsterdam_n and_o other_o place_n than_o the_o interest_n begin_v to_o fall_v according_o in_o the_o low-countries_n it_o be_v lawful_a for_o a_o merchant_n to_o take_v twelve_o upon_o the_o hundred_o for_o the_o year_n and_o after_o the_o rate_n for_o the_o long_o or_o short_a time_n within_o the_o year_n but_o this_o rate_n may_v not_o be_v exceed_v unless_o it_o be_v upon_o some_o condition_n of_o casualty_n or_o adventure_n the_o roman_n and_o grecian_n make_v a_o difference_n as_o have_v be_v note_v according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o justinian_n but_o the_o take_n of_o one_o in_o the_o month_n be_v most_o usual_a because_o merchant_n be_v the_o most_o lender_n and_o this_o twelve_o pro_fw-la centum_fw-la be_v to_o be_v understand_v also_o to_o be_v interest_n upon_o interest_n wherein_o equity_n be_v to_o be_v observe_v interest_n interest_n upon_o interest_n for_o this_o twelve_o pound_n be_v deliver_v out_o again_o unto_o another_o be_v pro_fw-la rata_fw-la as_o beneficial_a as_o the_o 100_o will_v principal_a albeit_o in_o case_n of_o damage_n when_o matter_n between_o man_n be_v grow_v litigious_a and_o depend_v in_o suit_n than_o the_o court_n of_o equity_n will_v account_v the_o whole_a time_n for_o the_o forbearance_n of_o the_o money_n according_a to_o the_o year_n past_a without_o any_o interest_n upon_o interest_n politician_n or_o statesman_n be_v to_o have_v a_o serious_a consideration_n of_o the_o operation_n of_o this_o usury_n politic_a action_n usury_n a_o measure_n of_o man_n action_n as_o a_o property_n inherent_a unto_o money_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n man_n do_v measure_v all_o their_o action_n by_o trade_n and_o traffic_n or_o purchase_v build_v plant_v and_o bargain_n in_o all_o thing_n according_o and_o usury_n be_v so_o inherent_a and_o do_v proper_o grow_v with_o the_o decay_n of_o traffic_n usury_n the_o decay_n of_o trade_n increase_v usury_n as_o pasturage_n do_v increase_v with_o the_o decrease_n of_o till_v whereupon_o the_o follow_a consideration_n be_v to_o be_v handle_v as_o matter_n of_o moment_n especial_o in_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n which_o have_v no_o gold_n or_o silver_n mine_n of_o great_a value_n but_o abundance_n of_o foreign_a commodity_n return_v for_o the_o great_a plenty_n and_o quantity_n of_o their_o home_n commodity_n wherein_o the_o high_a continual_a rate_n of_o usury_n may_v prove_v more_o prejudicial_a than_o the_o abovesaid_a policy_n of_o poland_n lituania_n or_o other_o country_n can_v be_v beneficial_a unto_o they_o for_o we_o see_v that_o general_o all_o merchant_n when_o they_o have_v get_v any_o great_a wealth_n with_o we_o leave_v trade_v and_o fall_v to_o usury_n the_o gain_n whereof_o be_v easy_a certain_a and_o great_a whereas_o in_o other_o country_n merchant_n continue_v from_o generation_n to_o generation_n to_o enrich_v themselves_o and_o the_o state_n as_o we_o find_v diverse_a renown_a family_n in_o germany_n italy_n spain_n and_o other_o country_n there_o be_v this_o last_o year_n a_o tract_n against_o usury_n present_v to_o the_o high_a court_n of_o parliament_n of_o england_n 1621._o anno_fw-la 1621._o show_v the_o inconvenience_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n after_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o in_o comparison_n of_o the_o lesser_a rate_n of_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o take_v in_o the_o low-countries_n where_o money_n be_v so_o plentiful_a and_o upon_o this_o difference_n be_v a_o certain_a operation_n of_o usury_n note_v to_o be_v predominant_a over_o we_o both_o in_o our_o trade_n and_o other_o affair_n first_o it_o be_v allege_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n usury_n reason_n against_o the_o high_a rate_n of_o usury_n not_o only_o rich_a tradesman_n give_v over_o trade_n but_o a_o number_n of_o beginner_n be_v undo_v and_o discourage_v thereby_o their_o industry_n serve_v but_o to_o enrich_v other_o and_o beggar_n themselves_o second_o that_o many_o trade_n themselves_o be_v decay_v thereby_o because_o they_o can_v afford_v so_o great_a a_o gain_n as_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereas_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n be_v no_o high_a than_o in_o other_o country_n they_o have_v subsist_v and_o flourish_v still_o and_o perhaps_o with_o as_o much_o advantage_n to_o the_o public_a as_o those_o that_o do_v bring_v more_o to_o the_o private_a adventure_n which_o ought_v to_o go_v together_o or_o else_o the_o common_a good_a of_o the_o state_n be_v seldom_o great_o advance_v three_o that_o by_o this_o disadvantage_n between_o six_o and_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o other_o nation_n and_o especial_o our_o industrious_a neighbour_n do_v out_o trade_n and_o undersell_v we_o for_o they_o almost_o double_a the_o use_n allow_v which_o we_o can_v by_o pay_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o whereby_o also_o all_o contribution_n to_o the_o war_n work_n of_o piety_n and_o glory_n of_o state_n be_v better_a cheap_a to_o they_o than_o to_o we_o as_o also_o the_o building_n of_o ship_n or_o hire_v of_o they_o and_o all_o other_o thing_n four_o that_o above_o all_o the_o rest_n it_o make_v the_o land_n itself_o of_o small_a value_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v sell_v so_o good_a cheap_a that_o man_n do_v not_o seek_v by_o industry_n any_o more_o to_o improve_v they_o which_o be_v plain_a both_o by_o example_n and_o demonstration_n for_o we_o see_v in_o other_o country_n where_o the_o use_n of_o money_n be_v at_o a_o low_a rate_n land_n be_v general_o sell_v for_o thirty_o forty_o and_o some_o for_o fifty_o year_n purchase_n be_v the_o best_a assurance_n and_o secure_a inheritance_n which_o man_n have_v and_o therefore_o bear_v still_o a_o rate_n above_o money_n which_o will_v increase_v if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n do_v decrease_v and_o consequent_o labourer_n wage_n and_o other_o dependence_n thereupon_o which_o be_v therein_o more_o ample_o declare_v the_o scope_n of_o all_o tend_v to_o have_v a_o moderation_n in_o the_o price_n of_o usury_n usury_n objection_n to_o the_o moderation_n of_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n hereunto_o be_v certain_a objection_n also_o allege_v and_o their_o answer_n to_o maintain_v the_o rate_n of_o usury_n at_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o with_o we_o in_o england_n albeit_o other_o nation_n take_v but_o four_o five_o and_o six_o in_o the_o hundred_o or_o 6_o ¼_n which_o be_v call_v rend_v after_o the_o penny_n sixteen_o for_o six_o time_n sixteen_o and_o one_o four_o make_v a_o hundred_o after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o low-countries_n the_o objection_n be_v few_o in_o number_n first_o the_o long_a continuance_n of_o ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o and_o thing_n be_v well_o enough_o second_o that_o sudden_a change_n be_v dangerous_a three_o that_o money_n will_v sudden_o be_v call_v in_o and_o the_o borrower_n be_v much_o prejudice_v four_o that_o money_n will_v be_v hard_a to_o come_v by_o and_o commerce_n much_o hinder_v and_o last_o that_o merchant_n stranger_n money_n now_o go_v here_o at_o use_n will_v be_v carry_v away_o again_o if_o the_o rate_n of_o usury_n shall_v be_v call_v down_o objection_n answer_v to_o the_o objection_n the_o answer_n to_o the_o first_o and_o second_o objection_n be_v that_o the_o practice_n of_o usury_n have_v not_o be_v so_o general_o use_v as_o it_o be_v now_o when_o man_n
their_o body_n until_o the_o day_n of_o judgement_n for_o albeit_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v right_o term_v to_o be_v the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n man_n the_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o spirit_n of_o man_n yet_o the_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n concern_v understanding_n and_o will_n have_v their_o proper_a relation_n for_o that_o part_n call_v understanding_n be_v seat_v chief_o in_o the_o soul_n as_o will_n be_v in_o the_o spirit_n both_o to_o be_v accompany_v with_o knowledge_n the_o philosopher_n have_v make_v this_o distinction_n by_o their_o chemical_a observation_n and_o such_o as_o place_v the_o soul_n in_o the_o blood_n disperse_v through_o all_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o body_n do_v also_o place_v the_o will_n of_o man_n in_o the_o spirit_n reside_v in_o the_o heart_n of_o man_n which_o the_o anatomist_n demonstrate_v to_o be_v a_o little_a concavitie_n where_o the_o drop_n of_o the_o vital_a blood_n be_v place_v in_o the_o heart_n which_o be_v fear_v up_o and_o the_o place_n be_v shrink_v in_o body_n which_o have_v be_v poison_v to_o make_v application_n of_o this_o comparison_n between_o the_o soul_n and_o spirit_n comparison_n application_n of_o the_o comparison_n we_o shall_v find_v by_o the_o follow_a discourse_n that_o even_o as_o the_o spirit_n of_o man_n be_v predominant_a over_o the_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o all_o the_o action_n thereof_o which_o by_o the_o blood_n be_v quicken_v and_o preserve_v even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n overrule_a the_o course_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n in_o all_o place_n where_o the_o action_n of_o money_n be_v feel_v or_o see_v direct_v the_o same_o by_o some_o due_a proportion_n according_o chap._n i._o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o exchange_n for_o money_n be_v of_o great_a antiquity_n for_o as_o we_o have_v declare_v the_o first_o silver_n money_n coin_a by_o the_o roman_n be_v almost_o 1900_o year_n since_o and_o even_o as_o money_n be_v invent_v to_o be_v make_v of_o the_o best_a metal_n to_o avoid_v the_o troublesome_a carriage_n of_o commodity_n up_o and_o down_o and_o from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o so_o upon_o the_o like_a consideration_n when_o other_o nation_n imitate_v the_o roman_n do_v coin_n money_n exchange_n the_o cause_n of_o the_o exchange_n exchange_n by_o bill_n for_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o avoid_v both_o the_o danger_n and_o adventure_n of_o money_n and_o the_o troublesome_a carriage_n thereof_o this_o money_n now_o be_v make_v by_o diverse_a nation_n of_o several_a standard_n and_o diverse_a stamp_n and_o inscription_n as_o a_o mark_n of_o sovereignty_n cause_v they_o to_o appoint_v a_o certain_a exchange_n for_o the_o permutation_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o coin_n in_o diverse_a country_n without_o any_o transportation_n of_o the_o coin_n but_o give_v par_n pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o certain_a allowance_n to_o accommodate_v the_o merchant_n and_o the_o officer_n to_o execute_v the_o same_o be_v call_v numularij_fw-la argentarij_fw-la and_o collybistae_n that_o be_v to_o say_v numularij_fw-la of_o nummus_fw-la or_o the_o coin_n itself_o argentarij_fw-la because_o the_o silver_n coin_n be_v most_o usual_a in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o collybistae_n because_o it_o signify_v a_o reward_n for_o exchange_v here_o now_o let_v we_o observe_v four_o manner_n of_o exchange_n which_o have_v be_v use_v and_o in_o some_o country_n be_v yet_o continue_v albeit_o some_o of_o they_o be_v abrogate_a in_o england_n common_o call_v cambio_n commune_v cambio_n real_a cambio_n sicco_fw-it and_o cambio_n fictitio_fw-la which_o denomination_n may_v be_v admit_v the_o first_o manner_n of_o exchange_n call_v cambio_n commune_v commune_fw-la i_o cambio_n commune_fw-la be_v proper_o that_o exchange_n which_o the_o say_v collibistae_fw-la or_o common_a exchanger_n do_v use_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o prince_n and_o commonweal_n for_o the_o lawful_a and_o current_a money_n of_o their_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n which_o be_v find_v to_o be_v very_o expedient_a and_o necessary_a and_o be_v establish_v to_o prevent_v the_o exportation_n of_o money_n from_o one_o country_n into_o another_o country_n and_o these_o exchanger_n do_v deliver_v in_o all_o country_n the_o money_n in_o one_o specie_fw-la for_o the_o money_n in_o other_o species_n by_o they_o receive_v as_o aforesaid_a exchange_n table_n of_o exchange_n whereupon_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o of_o england_n cause_v certain_a table_n to_o be_v set_v up_o at_o dover_n and_o other_o place_n of_o the_o realm_n declare_v the_o value_n of_o the_o say_v sundry_a species_n of_o coin_n of_o all_o country_n traffic_v with_o his_o subject_n and_o the_o allowance_n which_o merchant_n be_v to_o give_v to_o have_v their_o turn_n serve_v as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o good_a law_n make_v in_o his_o time_n when_o there_o be_v money_n coin_a in_o diverse_a place_n of_o this_o kingdom_n and_o not_o in_o one_o mint_n only_o within_o the_o tower_n of_o london_n and_o this_o be_v long_o before_o the_o discovery_n of_o the_o west-indies_n from_o whence_o the_o ocean_n of_o money_n do_v run_v into_o christendom_n and_o for_o the_o government_n of_o the_o say_a table_n all_o be_v at_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o king_n mint_n at_o london_n and_o with_o a_o correspondence_n of_o other_o mint_n namely_o at_o canturburie_n at_o kingston_n upon_o hull_n newcastle_n upon_o tine_n bristol_n and_o exeter_n and_o the_o exchanger_n for_o the_o king_n at_o london_n do_v also_o depute_v exchanger_n in_o the_o most_o place_n except_o that_o certain_a merchant_n of_o florence_n call_v friscobaldi_n be_v the_o king_n exchanger_n at_o kingston_n exchanger_n friscobaldi_n the_o exchanger_n newcastle_n and_o exeter_n who_o make_v the_o say_v exchange_n of_o value_n for_o value_n with_o a_o reasonable_a allowance_n and_o by_o their_o mean_n be_v all_o the_o say_a mint_n set_v on_o work_n and_o the_o transportation_n of_o our_o money_n be_v prevent_v for_o as_o bishop_n tursids_n book_n of_o arithmetic_n declare_v by_o give_v par_fw-fr pro_fw-la pari_fw-la or_o value_n for_o value_n there_o be_v no_o gain_n leave_v to_o the_o transporter_n the_o king_n of_o england_n do_v constitute_v these_o exchanger_n exchanger_n king_n exchanger_n even_o as_o the_o cambiadore_v and_o banker_n be_v use_v in_o other_o country_n be_v authorise_v by_o the_o king_n or_o prince_n of_o the_o say_a country_n especial_o king_n edward_n the_o first_o of_o england_n who_o have_v two_o exchanger_n the_o one_o call_v custos_fw-la cambij_fw-la infra_fw-la turrim_n who_o have_v the_o charge_n in_o buy_v of_o bullion_n and_o to_o look_v to_o the_o coinage_n of_o money_n within_o the_o realm_n now_o call_v the_o warden_n of_o the_o mint_n the_o other_o be_v call_v keeper_n of_o the_o exchange_n and_o rechange_v within_o or_o towards_o this_o realm_n for_o money_n to_o be_v pay_v in_o specie_fw-la by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o afterward_o the_o say_a exchange_n be_v make_v without_o name_v the_o species_n but_o according_a to_o the_o value_n of_o the_o several_a coin_n real_a 2_o cambio_z real_a and_o this_o be_v call_v cambium_n regis_fw-la or_o royal_a exchange_n which_o cause_v queen_n elizabeth_n to_o name_v the_o burse_n in_o london_n according_o this_o office_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v in_o the_o eleven_o year_n of_o the_o say_a king_n edw._n by_o a_o act_n of_o parliament_n make_v at_o acton_n burnel_n since_o which_o time_n the_o succeed_a king_n and_o queen_n have_v continue_v the_o same_o by_o sixteen_o several_a letter_n patent_n and_o whereas_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o say_v two_o exchanger_n can_v not_o execute_v their_o office_n convenient_o be_v asunder_o it_o fall_v out_o that_o in_o henry_n the_o six_o his_o time_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o which_o both_o office_n be_v put_v into_o one_o man_n hand_n and_o so_o continue_v many_o year_n until_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o eight_o discontinue_v exchange_n discontinue_v when_o he_o cause_v base_a money_n to_o be_v make_v at_o the_o siege_n of_o boulogne_n whereupon_o no_o certain_a exchange_n can_v be_v ground_v albeit_o that_o before_o that_o time_n in_o the_o two_o and_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o cause_v a_o proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v according_a to_o a_o old_a statute_n make_v in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n richard_n the_o second_o graston_n the_o chronicle_n of_o graston_n that_o no_o person_n shall_v make_v any_o exchange_n contrary_a to_o the_o say_a meaning_n or_o act_n of_o parliament_n upon_o pain_n to_o be_v take_v to_o be_v the_o king_n mortal_a enemy_n and_o to_o forfeit_v all_o that_o he_o may_v forfeit_v for_o in_o his_o noble_a father_n time_n king_n henry_n the_o seven_o the_o banker_n have_v invent_v a_o course_n of_o
north_n star_n some_o merchant_n be_v so_o far_o wide_a from_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o value_n of_o coin_n and_o the_o exchange_n make_v thereupon_o that_o they_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o certain_a rate_n or_o par_fw-fr of_o exchange_n set_v to_o answer_v just_o the_o value_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o foreign_a part_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n and_o disproportion_n of_o the_o coin_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n and_o their_o intrinsicall_a and_o extrinsicall_a value_n but_o these_o merchant_n be_v to_o understand_v that_o the_o money_n of_o all_o country_n have_v a_o proportionable_a valuation_n relative_a within_o themselves_o according_a to_o their_o several_a standard_n for_o weight_n and_o fineness_n only_o the_o small_a and_o base_a coin_n have_v some_o little_a know_a advantage_n which_o may_v be_v consider_v of_o in_o exchange_n according_o proportionable_a valuation_n of_o money_n for_o exchange_n to_o be_v make_v according_o if_o there_o be_v cause_n that_o the_o quantity_n of_o those_o money_n do_v exceed_v the_o big_a and_o fine_a coin_n this_o consideration_n have_v be_v have_v heretofore_o and_o especial_o in_o the_o par_fw-fr agree_v upon_o between_o the_o low-countries_n and_o this_o realm_n in_o the_o year_n 1575._o when_o upon_o the_o philip_n doller_n the_o exchange_n be_v at_o twenty_o five_o shilling_n the_o par_fw-fr and_o the_o small_a money_n will_v exceed_v twenty_o seven_o shilling_n and_o upward_o but_o the_o quantity_n do_v not_o surmount_v the_o better_a coin_n the_o like_a be_v upon_o the_o par_fw-fr agree_v upon_o with_o the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n anno_fw-la 1586_o at_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n four_o penny_n and_o with_o hamborough_n and_o stoade_n to_o twenty_o four_o shilling_n nine_o penny_n lubish_n upon_o the_o rickes_n doller_n of_o thirty_o three_o shilling_n or_o nine_o mark_n four_o shilling_n for_o our_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n make_v four_o dollar_n and_o one_o half_a to_o answer_v the_o say_v par_fw-fr which_o doller_n be_v enhance_v since_o to_o fifty_o four_o shilling_n and_o be_v receive_v now_o but_o four_o dollar_n for_o the_o same_o and_o so_o for_o other_o place_n according_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o denomination_n of_o the_o imaginary_a money_n of_o all_o place_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o bill_n the_o denomination_n of_o money_n which_o we_o call_v imaginary_a be_v because_o there_o be_v not_o any_o peculiar_a or_o proper_a money_n to_o be_v find_v in_o specie_fw-la whereupon_o the_o exchange_n be_v ground_v as_o it_o be_v in_o time_n pass_v in_o many_o place_n where_o some_o money_n be_v the_o cause_n to_o ground_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n upon_o as_o our_o angel_n noble_a be_v coin_a for_o six_o shilling_n and_o eight_o penny_n sterling_a whereupon_o exchange_n have_v be_v make_v as_o now_o be_v do_v upon_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o so_o may_v the_o new_a piece_n of_o our_o sovereign_a king_n james_n laureate_a be_v take_v but_o it_o be_v more_o proper_a to_o make_v exchange_n upon_o the_o silver_n coin_n for_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v most_o rule_v thereby_o in_o all_o place_n which_o by_o the_o quantity_n be_v five_o hundred_o to_o one_o hence_o do_v proceed_v the_o cause_n that_o when_o our_o gold_n in_o the_o year_n 1611_o silver_n the_o price_n of_o gold_n not_o so_o effectual_a as_o the_o price_n of_o silver_n be_v advance_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o above_o the_o silver_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n do_v not_o rise_v albeit_o foreign_a nation_n do_v cause_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n to_o fall_v but_o if_o silver_n be_v enhance_v present_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n will_v follow_v as_o the_o rule_n thereof_o and_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n will_v fall_v more_o for_o exchange_n will_v over-rule_v both_o in_o like_a manner_n do_v we_o call_v the_o money_n of_o other_o country_n whereupon_o exchange_n be_v make_v to_o be_v imaginary_a as_o the_o dollar_n in_o germany_n the_o crown_n in_o france_n the_o ducat_n in_o italy_n and_o other_o place_n which_o by_o the_o great_a diversity_n you_o may_v understand_v as_o follow_v together_o with_o the_o calculation_n of_o merchant_n account_n whereupon_o their_o book_n of_o account_n be_v keep_v according_a to_o their_o imaginary_a money_n flemish_n pound_v flemish_n in_o flanders_n brabant_n and_o most_o place_n of_o the_o low-countries_n they_o keep_v their_o book_n of_o account_n and_o reckon_n by_o twenty_o shilling_n flemish_n every_o shilling_n twelve_o denier_n or_o penny_n which_o shilling_n be_v six_o styver_n in_o artois_n henalt_n tournois_n pound_v tournois_n and_o other_o place_n by_o pound_n tournois_fw-fr of_o twenty_o stiver_n or_o forty_o penny_n flemish_n whereof_o six_o call_v guildren_n or_o florin_n make_v the_o pound_n flemish_n in_o all_o the_o seventeen_o province_n of_o the_o netherlands_o some_o do_v reckon_v by_o pound_n parasis_n which_o be_v but_o twenty_o penny_n parasis_n pound_v parasis_n whereof_o twelve_o make_v the_o pound_n flemish_n but_o their_o account_n as_o also_o the_o reckon_n of_o their_o prince_n or_o finance_n be_v keep_v by_o pound_n tournois_n which_o pound_n they_o divide_v into_o twenty_o shilling_n every_o shilling_n into_o twelve_o penny_n and_o the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o the_o pound_n parasis_n and_o these_o have_v also_o their_o subdivision_n of_o obulus_fw-la maille_n heller_n hallinck_fw-mi corte_n mite_n point_v engevin_n poot_n and_o such_o like_a copper_n money_n too_o tedious_a to_o rehearse_v in_o germany_n in_o the_o year_n 1520_o guilder_n gold_n guilder_n be_v the_o gold_n guilder_n coin_a for_o a_o general_a coin_n and_o value_v in_o holland_n for_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n which_o be_v now_o in_o specie_fw-la at_o double_a the_o price_n nevertheless_o they_o do_v continue_v to_o buy_v and_o sell_v all_o that_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n which_o be_v bring_v from_o the_o east_n country_n poland_n and_o other_o place_n by_o the_o say_a gold_n guilder_n of_o twenty_o eight_o stiver_n their_o dolor_n be_v coin_a at_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n since_o rise_v to_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n creutzer_n creutzer_n yet_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n which_o be_v imaginary_a at_o augusta_n the_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o say_a dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n at_o three_o week_n or_o fourteen_o day_n sight_n after_o the_o bill_n present_v at_o frankford_n they_o reckon_v by_o the_o guilder_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n creutzer_n florin_n of_o 60_o creutzer_n call_v in_o latin_a crucigeri_fw-la be_v piece_n with_o a_o cross_n they_o be_v florin_n and_o their_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n payable_a in_o the_o two_o yearly_a fair_n or_o mart_n the_o one_o the_o week_n before_o easter_n and_o the_o other_o in_o the_o begin_n of_o september_n to_o continue_v for_o all_o the_o month_n at_o norenborough_n their_o exchange_n 〈◊〉_d make_v upon_o the_o say_a dolor_n of_o sixty_o five_o creutzer_n and_o many_o time_n upon_o the_o florin_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n which_o they_o also_o divide_v into_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o every_o shilling_n twelve_o penny_n to_o keep_v their_o account_n by_o for_o bohemia_n bohemicos_fw-la bohemicos_fw-la exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o twenty_o and_o four_o bohemicos_fw-la at_o vienna_n they_o reckon_v by_o guilder_n or_o florin_n of_o eight_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n &_o two_o heller_n to_o the_o penny_n and_o exchange_n be_v make_v thereupon_o at_o baviera_n by_o guilder_n of_o seven_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n guilder_n diverse_a guilder_n for_o exchange_n and_o account_n in_o hungary_n by_o guilder_n of_o ten_o shilling_n of_o thirty_o penny_n and_o by_o florin_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o penny_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o exchange_n be_v make_v upon_o their_o ducat_n at_o breslo_n and_o leypsich_n they_o reckon_v by_o mark_n of_o thirty_o and_o two_o gross_v of_o twelve_o heller_n to_o the_o gross_a gross_v mark_v of_o 32_o gross_v and_o they_o exchange_n by_o thirty_o florin_n breslowe_v to_o have_v at_o vienna_n thirty_o and_o four_o florin_n or_o at_o norenborough_n thirty_o and_o two_o florin_n etc._n pound_n of_o 20_o shilling_n &_o 12_o heller_n etc._n etc._n at_o vlme_n they_o reckon_v by_o pound_n of_o twenty_o shilling_n and_o twelve_o heller_n to_o the_o shilling_n and_o their_o exchange_n be_v be_v make_v upon_o the_o dolor_n of_o sixty_o creutzer_n at_o colloigne_n by_o dollar_n of_o seventie_o two_o creutzer_n for_o account_n and_o exchange_n sterling_a pound_n sterling_a at_o embden_n they_o reckon_v by_o guilder_n and_o exchange_n upon_o the_o rickx_n dolor_n but_o from_o london_n thither_o and_o hither_o upon_o the_o pound_n sterling_a of_o twenty_o shilling_n shilling_n mark_v of_o 16_o shilling_n at_o hamborough_n they_o account_v by_o mark_n of_o sixteen_o shilling_n
to_o be_v invective_n and_o pathetical_a against_o banker_n wherein_o they_o be_v not_o mistake_v commonweal_n bank_n be_v incompatible_a in_o commonweal_n for_o the_o use_n of_o bank_n unless_o they_o be_v countermine_v by_o other_o bank_n be_v not_o to_o be_v suffer_v in_o any_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n as_o time_n will_v manifest_v more_o and_o more_o the_o french_a king_n lewis_n the_o nine_o and_o philip_n the_o fair_a do_v with_o great_a cause_n confiscate_v the_o banker_n good_n and_o for_o the_o discovery_n of_o their_o debt_n order_v their_o subject_n to_o pay_v only_o the_o principal_a money_n into_o their_o treasury_n philip_n de_fw-fr valois_fw-fr do_v the_o like_a and_o indict_v they_o as_o cousener_n of_o the_o commonwealth_n for_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n rep._n bodin_n de_fw-fr rep._n with_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o pound_n sterling_a they_o have_v accumulate_v and_o get_v above_o two_o million_o four_o hundred_o thousand_o pound_n other_o which_z through_z envy_n malice_n or_o other_o passion_n have_v the_o eye_n of_o their_o judgement_n blind_v have_v censure_v my_o writing_n to_o be_v apologetical_a for_o the_o erection_n of_o a_o bank_n under_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o restauration_n of_o the_o ancient_a office_n of_o the_o king_n exchanger_n which_o how_o absurd_a it_o be_v let_v the_o wise_a judge_n by_o the_o difference_n between_o a_o banker_n and_o a_o general_n exchanger_n exchange_n difference_n between_o banker_n and_o exchange_n the_o banker_n do_v draw_v unto_o he_o all_o the_o money_n of_o other_o man_n make_v his_o small_a stock_n to_o be_v infinite_a and_o the_o exchanger_n must_v with_o his_o own_o stock_n supply_v man_n occasion_n the_o banker_n do_v make_v the_o price_n of_o exchange_n with_o the_o correspondence_n of_o other_o bank_n elsewhere_o at_o his_o pleasure_n and_o most_o advantage_n the_o exchanger_n have_v no_o correspondence_n with_o other_o banker_n but_o with_o his_o factor_n and_o servant_n be_v limit_v to_o deal_v honest_o with_o all_o man_n but_o because_o it_o be_v difficult_a to_o please_v man_n humour_n in_o the_o reformation_n of_o abuse_n which_o either_o for_o gain_v some_o will_v have_v to_o continue_v or_o other_o through_o ignorance_n do_v not_o understand_v therefore_o be_v there_o another_o mean_n propound_v as_o you_o see_v by_o this_o discourse_n now_o come_v to_o the_o feat_n of_o banker_n it_o be_v not_o since_o yeasterday_o that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v observe_v much_o less_o by_o i_o invent_v but_o in_o the_o year_n 1576_o the_o wise_a and_o famous_a council_n of_o queen_n elizabeth_n cause_v the_o same_o to_o be_v examine_v by_o discreet_a person_n who_o do_v make_v report_n thereof_o albeit_o they_o miss_v of_o the_o remedy_n and_o they_o do_v distinguish_v the_o manner_n of_o exchange_n to_o be_v threefold_a viz._n for_o the_o banker_n private_a gain_n and_o benefit_n to_o lay_v their_o money_n with_o gain_n in_o any_o place_n of_o the_o world_n where_o any_o exchange_n lie_v to_o gain_v and_o wax_v rich_a and_o never_o meddle_v with_o any_o prince_n commodity_n to_o buy_v any_o prince_n commodity_n and_o never_o bring_v penny_n or_o pennieworth_n into_o the_o realm_n but_o do_v it_o with_o the_o subject_n money_n to_o grow_v rich_a and_o live_v without_o adventure_n at_o the_o sea_n or_o travail_n to_o do_v great_a feat_n have_v credit_n and_o yet_o to_o be_v nought_o worth_a to_o understand_v whether_o in_o conjecture_v their_o money_n employ_v on_o exchange_n or_o buy_v of_o ware_n will_v be_v more_o profit_n to_o know_v certain_o whether_o and_o what_o the_o merchant_n gain_n upon_o their_o ware_n they_o sell_v and_o buy_v to_o live_v and_o increase_v upon_o every_o prince_n subject_n that_o continual_o take_v up_o money_n by_o exchange_n and_o whether_o they_o gain_v or_o no._n ☞_o to_o wind_n out_o every_o prince_n treasure_n out_o of_o his_o realm_n who_o subject_n bring_v in_o more_o ware_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n to_o make_v the_o staple_n of_o money_n run_v thither_o where_o the_o rich_a prince_n will_v have_v it_o to_o be_v bring_v and_o pay_v for_o it_o to_o unfurnish_v the_o poor_a prince_n of_o his_o provision_n of_o money_n that_o keep_v his_o ware_n upon_o interest_n money_n if_o the_o enemy_n will_v seek_v it_o to_o furnish_v their_o need_n of_o money_n that_o tarry_v the_o sell_n of_o their_o ware_n in_o any_o contract_n until_o they_o make_v they_o come_v to_o their_o price_n to_o take_v up_o money_n to_o engross_v any_o commodity_n either_o new_a come_v or_o whereof_o they_o have_v some_o store_n to_o bring_v the_o whole_a trade_n of_o that_o commodity_n into_o their_o own_o hand_n to_o sell_v both_o at_o their_o pleasure_n for_o the_o advance_v of_o one_o commonwealth_n above_o all_o other_o commonweal_n to_o hide_v their_o carry_v away_o of_o any_o prince_n money_n to_o fetch_v away_o any_o prince_n fine_a money_n with_o his_o own_o or_o any_o other_o prince_n base_a money_n to_o take_v up_o prince_n base_a money_n and_o to_o turn_v into_o his_o fine_a money_n and_o to_o pay_v the_o deliverer_n with_o his_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o to_o get_v upon_o credit_n into_o their_o hand_n for_o a_o time_n all_o the_o merchant_n money_n that_o will_v be_v deliver_v and_o pay_v they_o with_o their_o own_o and_o gain_v too_o ☞_o ☞_o to_o make_v the_o realm_n gain_v of_o all_o other_o realm_n who_o subject_n live_v most_o by_o their_o own_o commodity_n and_o sell_v yearly_a the_o overplus_n into_o the_o world_n and_o both_o occupy_v that_o increase_n yearly_a and_o also_o their_o old_a store_n of_o treasure_n upon_o exchange_n to_o undo_v realm_n and_o prince_n that_o look_v not_o to_o their_o commonwealth_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d when_o the_o merchant_n wealth_n in_o such_o and_o the_o great_a house_n of_o one_o country_n conspire_v together_o so_o to_o rule_v the_o exchange_n that_o when_o they_o will_v be_v deliverer_n they_o will_v receive_v in_o another_o place_n above_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n deliver_v and_o when_o they_o will_v be_v taker_n they_o will_v pay_v the_o same_o in_o another_o place_n under_o the_o standard_n of_o the_o mint_n of_o the_o prince_n money_n take_v up_o to_o get_v ready_a money_n to_o buy_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v offer_v cheap_a to_o compass_v ready_a money_n to_o get_v any_o offer_a bargain_n out_o of_o another_o hand_n and_o so_o by_o outbid_v the_o other_o oftentimes_o to_o raise_v the_o ware_n for_o the_o destruction_n of_o a_o commonwealth_n to_o get_v a_o part_n and_o sometime_o all_o his_o gain_n that_o employ_v money_n take_v up_o by_o exchange_n in_o ware_n and_o so_o make_v other_o travel_v for_o their_o gain_n to_o keep_v prince_n for_o have_v any_o custom_n subsidy_n or_o tax_n upon_o their_o money_n as_o they_o employ_v it_o not_o to_o value_v just_o any_o ware_n they_o carry_v into_o any_o country_n by_o set_v they_o at_o that_o value_n as_o the_o money_n that_o buy_v they_o be_v then_o at_o by_o exchange_n in_o the_o country_n whither_o they_o be_v carry_v for_o the_o better_a explanation_n of_o the_o premise_n let_v we_o remember_v the_o description_n of_o a_o bank_n heretofore_o declare_v limit_v payment_n in_o bank_n limit_v and_o therein_o observe_v that_o great_a power_n and_o command_v which_o be_v give_v they_o by_o the_o commonwealth_n to_o incorporate_a money_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o exchange_n make_v it_o to_o become_v a_o merchandise_n and_o to_o over-rule_v the_o course_n of_o commodity_n some_o man_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n be_v make_v by_o a_o indifferent_a course_n because_o the_o banker_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o exchange_n in_o the_o principal_a place_n as_o lion_n in_o france_n madrill_n and_o other_o place_n in_o spain_n florence_n and_o genoa_n in_o italy_n bizanson_n and_o other_o place_n elsewhere_o have_v a_o meeting_n and_o by_o certain_a ticket_n in_o write_v every_o man_n do_v deliver_v his_o opinion_n what_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n ought_v to_o be_v for_o all_o place_n then_o exchange_v for_o the_o next_o fair_a or_o time_n of_o payment_n and_o according_a to_o the_o same_o the_o calculation_n be_v cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la that_o be_v to_o say_v medium_fw-la exchange_n cast_v up_o by_o the_o medium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v seven_o or_o more_o voice_n or_o ticket_n the_o say_v seven_o be_v add_v together_o and_o the_o seven_o part_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la if_o there_o be_v ten_o than_o the_o same_o be_v cast_v up_o the_o ten_o part_n be_v the_o medium_fw-la and_o so_o for_o great_a or_o lesser_a number_n according_o but_o these_o man_n be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o banker_n observation_n for_o they_o all_o know_v how_o the_o plenty_n of_o money_n lie_v by_o exchange_n and_o they_o concur_v in_o make_v
bread_n and_o water_n for_o a_o time_n at_o the_o discretion_n of_o the_o judge_n but_o if_o the_o debtor_n be_v so_o poor_a and_o notwithstanding_o have_v such_o a_o cruel_a adversary_n that_o will_v make_v die_n of_o his_o bone_n that_o be_v say_v to_o have_v his_o debtor_n die_v in_o prison_n and_o to_o hang_v up_o a_o bale_n of_o dice_n for_o he_o in_o the_o crown_n office_n as_o be_v do_v by_o the_o officer_n in_o place_n or_o the_o gaoler_n then_o have_v the_o law_n beyond_o the_o sea_n provide_v some_o relief_n for_o this_o poor_a man_n for_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o germany_n france_n italy_n spain_n and_o the_o low_a country_n that_o no_o man_n be_v imprison_v for_o debt_n above_o a_o year_n and_o a_o day_n in_o which_o time_n the_o creditor_n have_v power_n to_o take_v seize_v and_o sell_v all_o the_o estate_n of_o the_o debtor_n which_o be_v do_v or_o before_o the_o woman_n in_o most_o place_n may_v claim_v her_o dower_n for_o her_o relief_n &_o child_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v divide_v among_o the_o creditor_n as_o far_o as_o it_o will_v go_v and_o so_o the_o debtor_n be_v free_v from_o those_o debt_n for_o ever_o for_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n qui_fw-la vult_fw-la cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la liberatus_fw-la est_fw-la a_o debito_fw-la if_o the_o debtor_n do_v relinquish_v his_o estate_n to_o the_o creditor_n he_o be_v free_a from_o the_o debt_n and_o all_o good_n fall_v to_o he_o afterward_o be_v his_o own_o but_o this_o man_n be_v ever_o after_o disable_v to_o come_v to_o any_o preferment_n and_o such_o a_o creditor_n as_o be_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o will_v be_v hate_v and_o account_v worse_a than_o a_o jew_n or_o pagan_n for_o the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la or_o to_o make_v session_n of_o good_n be_v very_o heinous_a bonis_fw-la the_o manner_n of_o cedere_fw-la bonis_fw-la and_o of_o wonderful_a disgrace_n so_o that_o most_o man_n will_v rather_o die_v in_o misery_n than_o to_o come_v unto_o it_o because_o it_o happen_v not_o once_o in_o twenty_o year_n yet_o be_v it_o far_o inferior_a to_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o pillory_n or_o the_o strike_n over_o the_o leg_n use_v in_o russia_n at_o the_o creditor_n instance_n whereby_o the_o debtor_n be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o the_o debt_n pay_v the_o party_n come_v before_o the_o town-house_n and_o stand_v upon_o a_o stone_n in_o the_o view_n of_o all_o the_o people_n and_o unloose_v his_o girdle_n he_o desire_v they_o and_o all_o the_o world_n to_o take_v notice_n that_o he_o have_v nothing_o leave_v he_o to_o pay_v his_o creditor_n and_o so_o renounce_v all_o what_o may_v be_v find_v to_o be_v his_o or_o what_o any_o manner_n of_o way_n he_o may_v pretend_v and_o in_o token_n thereof_o he_o may_v not_o wear_v his_o girdle_n any_o more_o nor_o be_v employ_v in_o any_o business_n as_o a_o live_a man_n yet_o afterward_o by_o some_o composition_n to_o be_v make_v with_o the_o creditor_n he_o may_v be_v restore_v by_o a_o declaration_n to_o be_v make_v by_o some_o 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and_o commonwealth_n by_o the_o imprison_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n have_v be_v propound_v heretofore_o in_o parliament_n by_o a_o print_a remonstrance_n which_o like_o unto_o a_o pamphlet_n may_v be_v lose_v whereby_o good_a matter_n be_v many_o time_n put_v in_o oblivion_n i_o have_v think_v convenient_a to_o make_v a_o abstract_n thereof_o in_o the_o manner_n as_o the_o say_a reason_n be_v lay_v down_o to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o book_n in_o hope_n of_o some_o relief_n unto_o decay_a merchant_n who_o estate_n may_v remain_v liable_a to_o answer_v their_o creditor_n without_o imprison_v of_o their_o body_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n the_o law_n of_o man_n the_o rule_n of_o justice_n the_o law_n of_o conscience_n and_o christian_n charity_n and_o against_o the_o practice_n of_o other_o country_n as_o aforesaid_a and_o final_o against_o the_o creditor_n own_o profit_n the_o law_n of_o god_n will_v and_o command_v every_o man_n to_o follow_v a_o vocation_n to_o do_v the_o honour_n god_n against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n duty_n and_o service_n owe_v to_o his_o prince_n and_o country_n and_o parent_n and_o to_o maintain_v his_o wife_n child_n and_o family_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o fear_n of_o god_n so_o that_o whatsoever_o direct_o or_o indirect_o forbid_v the_o say_a christian_n duty_n in_o the_o perform_n thereof_o by_o a_o imprisonment_n be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o god_n whereupon_o all_o humane_a law_n ought_v to_o be_v ground_v no_o law_n of_o god_n will_v or_o command_v imprisonment_n of_o man_n body_n for_o debt_n nor_o be_v it_o warrant_v by_o any_o example_n in_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o the_o efficient_a mean_n bring_v man_n into_o prison_n as_o usury_n be_v appear_v plain_o to_o be_v forbid_v by_o the_o word_n of_o god_n as_o have_v be_v note_v out_o of_o the_o old_a law_n neither_o have_v the_o law_n of_o the_o gospel_n a_o word_n of_o command_n or_o warrant_v for_o imprison_v a_o christian_n brother_n for_o debt_n 34.14_o exod._n 22.26_o deut._n 23.19_o levit._fw-la 25_o 35._o ezech._n 18_o 8._o jeremy_n 34.14_o but_o rather_o contain_v a_o command_n to_o relieve_v he_o if_o he_o be_v fall_v into_o decay_n to_o take_v care_n how_o and_o wherein_o he_o shall_v sleep_v to_o set_v he_o free_a at_o six_o year_n end_n and_o then_o to_o reward_v he_o by_o the_o law_n of_o man_n it_o be_v not_o so_o ab_fw-la initio_fw-la for_o by_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n man_n against_o the_o law_n of_o man_n which_o be_v the_o most_o ancient_a most_o eminent_a &_o most_o bind_a law_n no_o man_n may_v be_v take_v or_o imprison_v for_o debt_n but_o the_o creditor_n be_v to_o take_v satisfaction_n upon_o the_o debtor_n estate_n of_o good_n &_o land_n according_a to_o magna_fw-la char._n 3._o h._n 3._o and_o 14._o ed._n 3._o although_o after_o accountant_n only_o be_v to_o be_v imprison_v until_o they_o pay_v which_o be_v make_v general_a against_o all_o debtor_n by_o the_o statute_n of_o the_o 25._o ed._n 3._o cap._n 17._o yet_o prisoner_n in_o execution_n might_n and_o do_v follow_v their_o vocation_n and_o affair_n by_o bail_n mainprize_n or_o baston_n as_o by_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o rich._n 2._o cap._n 12._o and_o from_o that_o time_n forward_o be_v prisoner_n tie_v up_o short_a to_o the_o writ_n of_o habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la or_o the_o king_n special_a mandate_n upon_o surmise_n corpus_fw-la habeas_fw-la corpus_fw-la that_o the_o say_v debtor_n make_v secret_a estate_n in_o trust_n to_o defraud_v their_o creditor_n or_o be_v wilful_a and_o obstinate_a to_o pay_v they_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v these_o objection_n it_o be_v unjust_a to_o punish_v all_o promiscuous_o aswell_o frauder_n as_o non_fw-la frauder_n without_o and_o before_o any_o proof_n make_v yet_o if_o the_o fraud_n be_v prove_v or_o his_o ability_n and_o sufficiency_n either_o there_o be_v no_o cause_n to_o imprison_v his_o body_n because_o the_o law_n do_v give_v the_o estate_n fourthwith_o to_o the_o creditor_n whether_o the_o debtor_n will_v or_o no_o so_o it_o be_v still_o needless_a to_o imprison_v the_o body_n for_o twenty_o year_n imprisonment_n discount_v never_o a_o penny_n of_o the_o debt_n and_o yet_o the_o debtor_n have_v suffer_v more_o misery_n and_o punishment_n than_o a_o guilty_a traitor_n or_o rebel_n suffer_v for_o the_o high_a offence_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice_n and_o law_n of_o nature_n justice._n against_o the_o rule_n of_o justice._n that_o man_n equal_o free_v bear_v shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o common_a and_o equal_a liberty_n and_o be_v give_v into_o the_o power_n of_o another_o without_o criminal_a cause_n or_o guilt_n the_o debtor_n be_v either_o punish_v for_o guilt_n or_o cohersion_n if_o for_o guilt_n it_o be_v against_o the_o rule_n of_o
have_v hereunto_o cause_v our_o seal_n to_o be_v put_v give_v at_o paris_n in_o the_o month_n of_o march_n and_o in_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 1556_o and_o the_o ten_o year_n of_o our_o reign_n sign_v by_o the_o king_n then_o in_o council_n and_o seal_v with_o green_a wax_n with_o red_a and_o green_a silk_n lace_n chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o law_n of_o several_a country_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n of_o merchant_n be_v determine_v the_o four_o and_o last_o mean_a to_o end_v the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n and_o other_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n be_v the_o imperial_a law_n or_o the_o fundamental_a law_n of_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n where_o the_o merchant_n court_n of_o prior_n and_o consul_n be_v not_o establish_v whereof_o the_o merchant_n ought_v not_o to_o beignorant_a so_o that_o in_o the_o description_n of_o they_o it_o be_v convenient_a to_o make_v some_o declaration_n for_o the_o merchant_n satisfaction_n appertain_v to_o their_o business_n and_o negotation_n all_o law_n be_v tend_v in_o substance_n to_o the_o uphold_v of_o truth_n maintain_v of_o justice_n to_o defend_v the_o feeble_a from_o the_o mighty_a law_n final_a end_n of_o the_o law_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o injury_n and_o to_o root_v out_o the_o wicked_a from_o among_o the_o good_a prescribe_v how_o to_o live_v honest_o to_o hurt_v no_o man_n wilful_o and_o to_o render_v every_o man_n his_o due_a careful_o further_a what_o be_v right_a and_o prohibit_v what_o be_v wrong_a summary_o to_o be_v understand_v according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ._n what_o you_o will_v have_v man_n to_o do_v unto_o you_o do_v the_o same_o unto_o they_o 6.31_o mat._n 7.21_o luke_n 6.31_o which_o alexander_n severus_n the_o emperor_n do_v express_v thus_o that_o which_o you_o will_v not_o have_v do_v unto_o thou_o do_v not_o unto_o other_o and_o to_o this_o purpose_n let_v we_o note_v three_o sort_n of_o law_n namely_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n who_o virtue_n be_v alone_o nature_n law_n of_o nature_n and_o the_o same_o every_o way_n in_o all_o or_o rather_o a_o very_a notice_n of_o god_n law_n ingraff_v in_o the_o mind_n of_o man_n the_o law_n of_o nation_n which_o consist_v of_o custom_n manner_n nation_n law_n of_o nation_n and_o prescription_n be_v of_o like_a condition_n to_o all_o people_n as_o we_o have_v before_o declare_v the_o civil_a law_n which_o be_v a_o abridgement_n law_n civil_a law_n derogate_a many_o illicentious_a custom_n which_o grow_v by_o perverseness_n and_o corruptness_n of_o nature_n and_o be_v term_v peculiar_a use_v by_o one_o kind_n of_o people_n call_v the_o the_o imperial_a law_n out_o of_o these_o be_v the_o common-law_n of_o england_n make_v whereof_o we_o be_v now_o first_o to_o entreat_v and_o therein_o to_o be_v somewhat_o prolix_a for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o merchant_n the_o rather_o because_o the_o law_n do_v bind_v all_o man_n to_o 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cause_n of_o the_o often_o argue_v in_o the_o law_n what_o matter_n ought_v of_o right_a to_o be_v determine_v by_o the_o common-law_n or_o what_o by_o the_o admiralty_n court_n or_o by_o the_o spiritual_a court_n 2_o the_o common-law_n be_v take_v as_o the_o king_n court_n of_o king_n bench_n or_o common_a plea_n 3_o by_o the_o common-law_n be_v understand_v such_o thing_n as_o be_v law_n before_o any_o statute_n make_v in_o that_o point_n that_o be_v in_o question_n whereby_o that_o point_n be_v hold_v for_o law_n by_o the_o general_a and_o particular_a custom_n and_o maxim_n of_o the_o realm_n or_o by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o the_o law_n of_o reason_n whereunto_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o observe_v the_o same_o and_o all_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o england_n successive_o ever_o observe_v england_n five_o nation_n in_o england_n namely_o britain_n roman_n and_o then_o britain_n again_o and_o than_o saxon_n dane_n and_o norman_n law_n commendation_n of_o the_o common_a law_n now_o whereas_o the_o law-merchant_n require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n all_o man_n of_o judgement_n will_v confess_v that_o have_v see_v many_o devise_n edict_n and_o ordinance_n how_o to_o abridge_v process_n and_o to_o find_v how_o long_a suit_n in_o law_n may_v be_v make_v short_a they_o never_o perceive_v find_v nor_o read_v as_o yet_o so_o just_a and_o so_o well_o devise_v a_o mean_a find_v out_o as_o this_o by_o any_o man_n in_o europe_n albeit_o that_o the_o shortness_n thereof_o be_v such_o that_o if_o a_o man_n have_v many_o peremptory_a exception_n common-law_n peremptorinesse_n of_o the_o common-law_n which_o can_v make_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o his_o cause_n he_o shall_v be_v compel_v to_o choose_v one_o exception_n whereupon_o to_o found_v his_o issue_n which_o choose_v if_o he_o fail_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n he_o lose_v his_o action_n and_o cause_n and_o the_o rest_n can_v serve_v he_o for_o nothing_o common-law_n antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n great_a be_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o common-law_n of_o england_n and_o the_o trial_n of_o jury_n by_o twelve_o man_n for_o we_o find_v the_o same_o to_o be_v from_o the_o time_n that_o the_o west_n saxon_n have_v the_o rule_n and_o domination_n over_o the_o country_n of_o hamshire_n wilreshire_n dorsetshire_n somersetshire_n and_o part_n of_o glocestershire_n and_o also_o the_o same_o law_n be_v use_v among_o the_o saxon_n which_o rule_v marshland_n and_o medland_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o country_n of_o lincoln_n northhampton_n rutland_n huntingdon_n bedford_n oxford_n buckingham_z cheshire_n derby_n nottingham_n and_o part_n of_o the_o shire_n of_o gloucester_n warwick_n hereford_n and_o shropshire_n at_o such_o time_n when_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o seven_o kingdom_n all_o of_o they_o be_v at_o that_o time_n inhabit_v with_o diverse_a nation_n namely_o pict_n scot_n dane_n norman_n vandal_n and_o germane_a all_o which_o have_v continue_v the_o proceed_n of_o the_o law_n until_o the_o time_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o normandy_n who_o conquer_v the_o same_o this_o william_n the_o conqueror_n have_v the_o quiet_a possession_n of_o this_o land_n and_o cause_v among_o other_o law_n the_o dane_n law_n to_o be_v collect_v which_o rule_v in_o devonshire_n and_o cornwall_n and_o a_o discreet_a view_n to_o be_v take_v of_o sundry_a law_n whereunto_o he_o do_v add_v some_o of_o his_o norman_a law_n to_o govern_v the_o people_n of_o the_o land_n now_o call_v england_n in_o so_o much_o that_o concern_v the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o law_n and_o custom_n aforesaid_a they_o be_v long_o before_o use_v by_o the_o saxon_n first_o government_n christum_fw-la annâ—_n 1198_o aunt_n christum_fw-la nay_o by_o the_o briton_n themselves_o which_o be_v one_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o ninety_o and_o eight_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o our_o saviour_n christ_n be_v now_o in_o continuance_n above_o two_o thousand_o and_o eight_o hundred_o year_n for_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o law_n of_o marcia_n to_o be_v translate_v out_o of_o the_o britain_n into_o the_o saxon_a tongue_n and_o after_o that_o we_o find_v that_o king_n lucius_n and_o king_n alfred_n cause_v the_o continuance_n thereof_o the_o say_v common_a law_n be_v proper_o to_o be_v take_v to_o consist_v of_o the_o ancient_a maxim_n of_o the_o say_a law_n of_o the_o statute_n law_n &_o book_n case_n which_o be_v yearly_a observation_n upon_o manner_n and_o may_v be_v call_v responsa_fw-la prudentum_fw-la comprehend_v therein_o the_o municipal_a law_n etc._n municipal_a law_n as_o gavelkind_n etc._n etc._n which_o be_v proper_a to_o all_o kingdom_n and_o government_n as_o a_o exception_n to_o the_o fundamental_a law_n thereof_o wherein_o many_o singular_a argument_n draw_v from_o divinity_n and_o humanity_n be_v effectual_a though_o there_o be_v no_o book_n for_o it_o for_o the_o
in_o but_o only_o the_o bring_n in_o of_o more_o commodity_n into_o the_o realm_n than_o they_o carry_v out_o the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n cause_v no_o more_o commodity_n to_o be_v bring_v into_o the_o realm_n than_o be_v carry_v out_o trade_n the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n ergo_fw-la the_o underualuation_n of_o our_o money_n cause_v not_o more_o money_n to_o be_v carry_v out_o of_o the_o realm_n than_o be_v bring_v in_o as_o be_v declare_v in_o our_o last_o treatise_n to_o hinder_v the_o inhaunce_n of_o our_o money_n which_o by_o the_o treatise_n of_o free_a trade_n late_o publish_v be_v insist_v upon_o we_o do_v also_o find_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1577_o mounseur_fw-fr garrault_n one_o of_o the_o french_a king_n council_n do_v exhibit_v two_o paradox_n concern_v money_n which_o may_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o former_a seem_v more_o paradoxical_a or_o strange_a nor_o only_o to_o the_o vulgar_a opinion_n but_o also_o to_o the_o judgement_n of_o the_o wise_a the_o first_o be_v a_o assertion_n that_o money_n have_v not_o change_v their_o value_n the_o other_o that_o by_o the_o inhance_a of_o the_o coin_n or_o the_o price_n of_o money_n paradox_n to_o other_o paradox_n the_o price_n of_o commodity_n become_v abate_v and_o good_a cheap_a and_o that_o by_o the_o reduction_n and_o abatement_n of_o money_n every_o thing_n become_v dear_a and_o for_o as_o much_o say_v he_o that_o the_o matter_n of_o money_n be_v full_a of_o probleame_n and_o may_v be_v dispute_v on_o both_o part_n his_o desire_n be_v that_o some_o gentle_a spirit_n may_v be_v stir_v up_o to_o discourse_n of_o the_o reason_n which_o may_v be_v allege_v touch_v the_o first_o that_o the_o value_n of_o money_n be_v not_o change_v omit_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o cycle_n of_o the_o hebrew_n the_o stater_n of_o the_o persian_n and_o greek_n &_o the_o as_o or_o denier_n of_o the_o roman_n he_o say_v that_o k._n lewis_n 11_o do_v reduce_v the_o disorder_n of_o money_n unto_o their_o former_a estate_n of_o k._n saint_n lewis_n when_o the_o denier_n of_o gold_n be_v esteem_v in_o weight_n unto_o 12_o denier_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v proper_o to_o be_v call_v the_o proportion_n between_o the_o gold_n &_o silver_n heretofore_o note_v and_o hereupon_o he_o show_v how_o the_o say_a proportion_n have_v be_v alter_v yet_o so_o that_o the_o silver_n be_v always_o make_v correspondent_a to_o the_o gold_n and_o when_o the_o gold_n either_o in_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o 8_o ounce_n be_v enhance_v &_o consequent_o in_o the_o piece_n or_o coin_n the_o silver_n be_v likewise_o enhance_v proportionable_o observe_v the_o say_v 12_o to_o 1_o or_o sometime_o thereabouts_o either_o a_o little_a over_o or_o under_o and_o this_o cause_v he_o to_o say_v that_o money_n have_v not_o change_v their_o value_n it_o be_v only_o a_o comparison_n make_v between_o the_o gold_n &_o silver_n which_o be_v by_o weight_n and_o not_o by_o valuation_n to_o be_v apply_v unto_o every_o piece_n of_o coin_n especial_o to_o the_o french_a crown_n of_o the_o flouredeluce_n or_o sun_n and_o the_o piece_n of_o silver_n call_v douzaine_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v 11_o to_o 1_o and_o the_o application_n thereof_o unto_o the_o price_n of_o commodity_n be_v more_o absurd_a the_o weight_n of_o 12_o of_o silver_n to_o 1_o of_o gold_n make_v not_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o mark_n weight_n of_o gold_n and_o silver_n much_o less_o the_o valuation_n of_o the_o piece_n coin_a of_o the_o say_a mark_n whereby_o we_o see_v how_o one_o distinction_n be_v able_a to_o dispel_v and_o disperse_v the_o foggy_a mystery_n of_o deceitful_a fallacy_n as_o thâ—_n sun_n drive_v away_o the_o wind_n and_o the_o cloud_n heretofore_o by_o i_o observe_v concern_v the_o second_o paradox_n he_o say_v that_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o inhance_a and_o augmentation_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n engender_v a_o dearness_n of_o all_o thing_n quia_fw-la suâ—_n praeciarerum_fw-la and_o that_o even_o as_o pro_fw-la imminutione_fw-la quae_fw-la in_o aestimatione_fw-la solidi_fw-la forte_fw-fr tractatur_fw-la omnium_fw-la quoque_fw-la praecia_fw-la rerum_fw-la decrescere_fw-la oportet_fw-la pari_fw-la ratione_fw-la si_fw-la quod_fw-la tractatur_fw-la incrementum_fw-la quoque_fw-la &_o praecia_fw-la rerum_fw-la crescere_fw-la debent_fw-la which_o opinion_n say_v he_o be_v ground_v upon_o the_o politic_a rule_n that_o the_o value_n of_o money_n give_v estimation_n unto_o all_o thing_n which_o be_v not_o ordinary_o observe_v for_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n be_v many_o time_n constrain_v to_o endure_v the_o incommodity_n of_o the_o time_n by_o their_o prudence_n and_o understanding_n so_o that_o all_o law_n be_v not_o observe_v by_o consequence_n follow_v each_o other_o whereby_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o price_n of_o ware_n follow_v not_o the_o price_n of_o money_n but_o the_o common_a custom_n for_o money_n be_v make_v to_o no_o other_o end_n but_o to_o maintain_v and_o continue_v the_o trade_n of_o merchandise_n by_o mean_n whereof_o the_o commodity_n and_o necessary_n be_v bring_v from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o to_o avoid_v the_o ancient_a painful_a and_o troublesome_a permutation_n which_o traffic_n be_v twofold_a namely_o within_o the_o realm_n and_o in_o foreign_a country_n within_o the_o realm_n the_o money_n be_v more_o commodious_a than_o necessary_a but_o for_o the_o stranger_n most_o necessary_a and_o therefore_o must_v be_v of_o a_o fine_a substance_n as_o gold_n and_o silver_n to_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o small_a room_n to_o transport_v great_a matter_n from_o one_o place_n unto_o another_o and_o if_o we_o will_v mere_o consider_v of_o this_o substance_n and_o effect_n of_o strange_a negotiation_n we_o shall_v find_v nothing_o but_o a_o mask_a permutation_n of_o one_o thing_n for_o some_o certain_a quantity_n or_o weight_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n for_o he_o that_o traffick_v in_o foreign_a country_n have_v not_o such_o regard_n to_o the_o value_n impose_v upon_o money_n as_o to_o the_o intrinsique_n goodness_n which_o give_v the_o value_n merchant's_a a_o good_a observation_n to_o be_v have_v by_o merchant's_a and_o have_v the_o same_o function_n in_o other_o place_n according_a to_o which_o inward_a goodness_n he_o set_v a_o price_n unto_o his_o commodity_n to_o make_v thereof_o the_o like_a quantity_n of_o gold_n or_o silver_n as_o he_o have_v lay_v out_o over_o and_o above_o his_o charge_n and_o profit_n so_o that_o the_o money_n remain_v stable_n and_o firm_a the_o price_n of_o ware_n and_o merchandises_n remain_v certain_a without_o any_o augmentation_n to_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o inhaunce_v of_o the_o price_n because_o of_o the_o augmentation_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n which_o will_v make_v we_o hereafter_o to_o see_v the_o good_a cheapenesse_n of_o all_o thing_n as_o he_o say_v for_o he_o that_o cause_v some_o foreign_a commodity_n to_o come_v within_o the_o realm_n know_v the_o alteration_n of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n according_a to_o the_o unbridled_a will_n of_o the_o people_n will_v make_v the_o price_n of_o his_o commodity_n according_o and_o this_o the_o say_v mounseur_fw-fr garrault_n do_v declare_v by_o example_n of_o velvet_n and_o other_o commodity_n and_o therefore_o he_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o money_n enhance_v shall_v be_v reduce_v again_o to_o their_o price_n and_o that_o all_o debt_n make_v before_o that_o time_n shall_v be_v satisfy_v a_o lequipollent_a according_a to_o the_o rate_n ut_fw-la pecuniarum_fw-la una_fw-la &_o â—adem_fw-la sit_fw-la semper_fw-la potestas_fw-la &_o perpetua_fw-la estimatione_fw-la difficultatibus_fw-la permutationum_fw-la aequalitate_fw-la quantitatis_fw-la subveniat_fw-la etc._n etc._n money_n the_o power_n of_o money_n transfer_v to_o the_o exchange_n of_o money_n many_o other_o reason_n concur_v with_o the_o former_a be_v by_o he_o allege_v which_o i_o omit_v because_o the_o whole_a foundation_n of_o the_o say_a paradox_n be_v mere_o a_o abuse_n of_o the_o people_n as_o himself_o have_v note_v admit_v also_o the_o transportation_n of_o money_n and_o final_o confess_v the_o inhance_a of_o the_o price_n of_o money_n and_o consequent_o the_o sale_n of_o commodity_n according_o all_o which_o be_v far_o from_o the_o present_a course_n of_o traffic_n when_o the_o course_n of_o exchange_n be_v not_o consider_v withal_o as_o shall_v be_v declare_v true_a it_o be_v as_o the_o civilians_n say_v concern_v contract_n of_o commodity_n sell_v before_o the_o inhaunce_n of_o money_n that_o valour_n monetae_fw-la considerandus_fw-la &_o inspiciendus_fw-la est_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la contractus_fw-la non_fw-la antem_fw-la à _fw-la tempore_fw-la solutionis_fw-la but_o this_o not_o be_v observe_v be_v the_o cause_n that_o many_o merchant_n do_v agree_v to_o pay_v for_o commodity_n in_o currant_n money_n for_o merchandise_n other_o that_o sell_v commodity_n agree_v to_o be_v pay_v in_o species_n of_o so_o many_o ducat_n dollar_n french_a crown_n or_o other_o
of_o twelve_o ounce_n in_o weight_n make_v the_o sterling_a standard_n and_o yet_o my_o money_n make_v thereof_o shall_v be_v but_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a in_o like_a manner_n i_o will_v melt_v down_o ten_o ounce_n of_o silver_n and_o two_o ounce_n of_o copper_n and_o more_o to_o make_v a_o standard_n of_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o yet_o my_o money_n make_v thereof_o shall_v be_v eleven_o ounce_n fine_a or_o sterling_a to_o understand_v this_o mystery_n or_o paradox_n we_o be_v to_o note_v that_o in_o the_o make_n of_o a_o standard_n of_o money_n three_o thing_n must_v concur_v and_o have_v a_o equality_n proportion_v upon_o the_o pound_n weight_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n troy_n namely_o fineness_n alloy_n and_o weight_n of_o the_o piece_n make_v out_o of_o a_o pound_n which_o be_v the_o ground_n work_n of_o the_o subtle_a assay_n according_a to_o which_o all_o assaymaster_n make_v their_o calculation_n by_o the_o mark_n of_o eight_o ounce_n or_o the_o pound_n of_o twelve_o ounce_n make_v one_o mark_n and_o one_o half_a suppose_v now_o that_o as_o in_o ancient_a time_n of_o king_n edward_n the_o three_o one_o pound_n weight_n be_v divide_v into_o twelve_o ounce_n every_o ounce_n be_v divide_v into_o twenty_o piece_n or_o be_v now_o divide_v into_o sixty_o piece_n or_o three_o pound_n make_v sixty_o shilling_n which_o then_o make_v but_o twenty_o and_o that_o these_o twenty_o piece_n or_o sixty_o shilling_n be_v diminish_v by_o the_o sheyre_n and_o there_o be_v make_v twenty_o two_o piece_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o twenty_o or_o sixty_o six_o piece_n in_o the_o lieu_n of_o sixty_o piece_n which_o be_v ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o that_o the_o say_v piece_n be_v light_a than_o before_o consider_v piece_n by_o piece_n now_o a_o assaymaster_n receive_v one_o of_o these_o piece_n to_o make_v a_o assay_n thereof_o in_o manner_n by_o we_o declare_v in_o the_o second_o part_n of_o this_o book_n in_o the_o seven_o chapter_n of_o the_o assay_n of_o bullion_n and_o money_n and_o have_v weigh_v the_o same_o he_o calculate_v how_o many_o of_o these_o piece_n do_v make_v or_o weigh_v one_o pound_n and_o he_o find_v twenty_o two_o or_o sixty_o six_o piece_n or_o thereabouts_o because_o of_o the_o unevennesse_n of_o the_o sheyre_n which_o be_v try_v he_o make_v report_n of_o the_o fineness_n according_o so_o that_o want_v in_o regard_n of_o the_o pound_n ten_o in_o the_o hundred_o by_o weight_n there_o must_v needs_o be_v want_v so_o much_o in_o fineness_n and_o so_o eleven_o ounce_n melt_v down_o be_v find_v to_o be_v but_o ten_o ounce_n fine_a and_o in_o like_a manner_n etc._n etc._n all_o which_o in_o matter_n of_o exchange_n can_v be_v consider_v of_o and_o prevent_v as_o it_o shall_v please_v the_o king_n majesty_n and_o his_o highness_n privy_a council_n exchange_n ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o water_n compare_v to_o the_o fall_n and_o rise_v of_o exchange_n the_o predominant_a power_n of_o exchange_n rise_v and_o fall_v in_o price_n may_v be_v compare_v to_o the_o ebb_a and_o flow_v of_o the_o sea_n whereof_o no_o reason_n can_v be_v render_v albeit_o we_o find_v the_o course_n thereof_o to_o concur_v with_o the_o increase_n and_o decrease_v of_o the_o moon_n which_o borrow_v her_o light_n from_o the_o sun_n whereunto_o we_o may_v attribute_v a_o natural_a primum_fw-la mobile_n of_o move_v this_o motion_n be_v not_o so_o perceptible_a in_o the_o main_a ocean_n sea_n as_o visible_a in_o the_o river_n stream_n and_o branch_n thereof_o even_o so_o in_o the_o sea_n of_o exchange_n we_o be_v to_o ascribe_v the_o first_o motion_n of_o rise_v and_o fall_v in_o the_o price_n of_o exchange_n unto_o the_o banker_n albeit_o the_o operation_n of_o it_o be_v not_o so_o apparent_a in_o those_o main_a exchange_n as_o upon_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n by_o commodity_n and_o money_n subject_a to_o inundation_n in_o the_o particular_a exchange_n of_o some_o country_n which_o run_v into_o the_o main_a ocean_n of_o exchange_n as_o a_o river_n or_o branch_n of_o the_o same_o as_o this_o ebb_a and_o flow_v be_v aggravate_v by_o accidental_a cause_n of_o rain_n snow_n and_o the_o like_a by_o the_o alteration_n of_o weather_n so_o do_v the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n increase_n and_o decrease_v by_o the_o alteratiof_n state_n affair_n between_o contend_a prince_n according_a to_o the_o use_n of_o money_n and_o even_o as_o the_o sea_n be_v gird_v in_o by_o god_n commandment_n that_o they_o can_v overflow_v the_o main_n bank_n of_o the_o earth_n so_o the_o course_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o fall_v of_o exchange_n in_o price_n may_v be_v gird_v in_o by_o the_o king_n commandment_n man_n a_o great_a consideration_n beyond_o the_o common_a capacity_n of_o man_n that_o it_o shall_v not_o overflow_v the_o course_n or_o bank_n of_o traffic_n to_o the_o inundation_n of_o our_o home_n commodity_n and_o money_n this_o simile_n put_v i_o in_o mind_n to_o remember_v the_o poetical_a fixion_n of_o the_o serpent_n hidra_n with_o many_o head_n whereof_o one_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o hercules_n forthwith_o another_o do_v appear_v allude_v therein_o to_o the_o river_n nilus_n which_o have_v many_o branch_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v stop_v in_o one_o place_n cause_v another_o to_o overflow_v in_o another_o place_n augment_v hercules_n labour_n be_v therein_o like_o unskilful_a physician_n which_o to_o cure_v a_o disease_n do_v many_o time_n cast_v the_o body_n into_o a_o more_o dangerous_a sickness_n whereas_o the_o learned_a physician_n will_v find_v a_o easy_a cure_n know_v the_o efficient_a cause_n of_o the_o disease_n without_o which_o conceit_a remedy_n be_v but_o mere_a shift_n and_o extremity_n aristophanus_n have_v paint_v forth_o the_o agony_n of_o a_o age_a man_n altogether_o shipwreck_a by_o usury_n who_o think_v to_o have_v find_v out_o the_o way_n to_o be_v ease_v of_o his_o slavery_n do_v propound_v unto_o socrates_n this_o demand_n that_o if_o he_o shall_v by_o the_o enchantment_n of_o a_o witch_n of_o thessalia_n fetch_v the_o moon_n out_o of_o heaven_n and_o bring_v it_o away_o and_o afterward_o enclose_v it_o in_o a_o case_n of_o glass_n and_o so_o keep_v it_o as_o if_o he_o will_v keep_v a_o fly_n in_o a_o box_n socrates_n demand_v what_o good_a that_o will_v do_v he_o he_o answer_v if_o the_o moon_n do_v never_o rise_v again_o i_o be_v constrain_v to_o pay_v money_n by_o the_o new_a moon_n shall_v be_v free_v of_o that_o trouble_n a_o strange_a shift_n that_o this_o poor_a man_n be_v drive_v unto_o apprehend_v a_o shadow_n for_o a_o reason_n to_o pluck_v by_o violence_n the_o moon_n out_o of_o heaven_n for_o his_o help_n for_o in_o truth_n the_o witch_n do_v she_o best_o and_o begin_v to_o charm_v the_o moon_n which_o when_o the_o usuror_n understand_v do_v put_v he_o in_o such_o a_o pelt_a chafe_n as_o be_v wonderful_a to_o behold_v for_o accuse_v this_o poor_a man_n of_o enchantment_n at_o last_o he_o go_v himself_o to_o another_o witch_n not_o only_o to_o keep_v the_o moon_n from_o come_v out_o of_o heaven_n but_o also_o to_o hasten_v the_o course_n of_o she_o fast_o to_o recover_v his_o usury_n the_o soon_o good_a god_n what_o a_o trouble_n be_v the_o moon_n put_v unto_o between_o these_o two_o witch_n what_o storm_n and_o tempest_n do_v arise_v what_o horrible_a wind_n do_v blow_v what_o great_a rain_n do_v fall_v what_o flood_n ensue_v every_o where_o so_o that_o country_n be_v almost_o drown_v and_o under_o water_n in_o many_o place_n the_o moral_a of_o these_o metaphor_n concur_v with_o our_o former_a comparison_n do_v not_o only_o show_v unto_o we_o the_o operation_n and_o conjunction_n between_o the_o moon_n and_o water_n but_o also_o the_o folly_n of_o vain_a conceit_a remedy_n the_o propound_a remedy_n therefore_o for_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o abuse_n of_o exchange_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n who_o antitheta_fw-la be_v inequality_n and_o iniquity_n which_o every_o man_n ought_v to_o suppress_v equality_n be_v amiable_a and_o accompany_v with_o ease_n and_o facility_n but_o inequality_n be_v hate_v and_o associate_v with_o trouble_n and_o difficulty_n the_o difference_n whereof_o be_v like_a unto_o this_o geometrical_a axiom_n in_o commendation_n of_o the_o invention_n of_o round_a wheel_n to_o draw_v and_o carry_v load_n with_o a_o small_a strength_n circulus_fw-la tangit_fw-la planum_fw-la unico_fw-la puncto_fw-la for_o if_o the_o wheel_n shall_v have_v be_v make_v square_a or_o in_o any_o other_o polyangle_n and_o proportion_n forty_o horse_n will_v not_o so_o easy_o draw_v they_o be_v lade_v as_o two_o do_v now_o with_o speed_n and_o ease_v what_o easy_a thing_n can_v there_o be_v than_o to_o set_v and_o command_v a_o price_n in_o exchange_n to_o be_v observe_v according_a to_o the_o value_n
consvetudo_n well_fw-mi lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_a to_o the_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n necessary_a for_o all_o statesman_n judge_n magistrate_n temporal_a and_o civil_a lawyer_n mint-man_n merchant_n mariner_n and_o all_o other_o negotiate_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n by_o gerard_n malynes_n merchant_n salus_fw-la populi_n suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la esto_fw-la london_n print_v by_o adam_n islip_n anno_fw-la dom._n 1622._o doctrina_fw-la parit_fw-la virtutem_fw-la to_o the_o most_o high_a and_o mighty_a monarch_n james_n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n king_n of_o great_a britain_n france_n and_o ireland_n defendor_n of_o the_o faith_n most_o dread_a and_o gracious_a sovereign_n the_o state_n of_o monarchy_n must_v needs_o be_v the_o supreme_a thing_n under_o the_o cope_n of_o heaven_n when_o king_n be_v not_o only_a god_n lieutenant_n upon_o earth_n and_o sit_v upon_o his_o throne_n but_o 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dignity_n and_o to_o be_v cherish_v for_o by_o they_o country_n be_v discover_v familiarity_n between_o nation_n be_v procure_v and_o politic_a experience_n be_v attain_v whereupon_o i_o have_v be_v move_v by_o long_a observation_n to_o put_v the_o worthiness_n of_o the_o customary_a law_n of_o merchant_n in_o plain_a and_o compendious_a writing_n by_o undoubted_a principle_n familiar_a example_n and_o demonstrative_a reason_n without_o affectation_n of_o curious_a word_n more_o than_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o theme_n in_o some_o place_n do_v require_v i_o have_v entitle_v the_o book_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a name_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la and_o not_o ius_n mercatorum_fw-la because_o it_o be_v a_o customary_a law_n approve_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o all_o kingdom_n and_o commonweal_n and_o not_o a_o law_n establish_v by_o the_o sovereignty_n of_o any_o prince_n either_o in_o the_o first_o foundation_n or_o by_o continuance_n of_o time_n and_o beginning_n with_o time_n number_n weight_n and_o measure_n i_o do_v descend_v to_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n divide_v into_o three_o part_n according_o by_o compare_v they_o to_o the_o body_n soul_n and_o spirit_n of_o commerce_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n for_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n the_o first_o as_o the_o body_n uphold_v the_o world_n by_o commutation_n and_o barter_n of_o commodity_n until_o money_n be_v devise_v to_o be_v coin_a the_o second_o as_o the_o soul_n in_o the_o body_n do_v infuse_v life_n to_o traffic_n by_o the_o mean_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n prevent_v advantage_n between_o buyer_n and_o seller_n the_o three_o as_o the_o spirit_n and_o faculty_n of_o the_o soul_n be_v seat_v every_o where_n corroborate_v the_o vital_a spirit_n of_o traffic_n direct_v and_o control_v by_o just_a proportion_n the_o price_n and_o value_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n for_o even_o as_o merchant_n be_v the_o instrumental_a cause_n of_o trade_n even_o so_o be_v the_o exchange_n for_o money_n the_o efficient_a cause_n with_o we_o in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n and_o become_v predominant_a or_o overrule_a the_o price_n of_o commodity_n and_o money_n as_o aforesaid_a this_o be_v manifest_v by_o three_o paradox_n allude_v to_o the_o say_v three_o essential_a part_n of_o commerce_n which_o for_o a_o corrollarie_n i_o have_v add_v in_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o book_n with_o such_o other_o worthy_a observation_n as_o in_o the_o first_o chapter_n be_v declare_v and_o even_o as_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o globe_n of_o the_o world_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o earth_n and_o water_n so_o be_v the_o body_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la make_v and_o frame_v of_o the_o merchant_n custom_n and_o the_o sea-lawe_n which_o be_v involue_v together_o as_o the_o sea_n and_o earth_n in_o the_o description_n whereof_o i_o have_v use_v to_o make_v repetition_n of_o the_o material_a point_n according_a as_o occasion_n do_v minister_v unto_o i_o for_o to_o make_v application_n thereof_o for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o judicious_a reader_n which_o be_v the_o main_a scope_n that_o all_o writer_n be_v to_o regard_n and_o care_n for_o the_o mean_n whereby_o the_o difference_n and_o controversy_n happen_v between_o merchant_n in_o the_o course_n of_o trade_n be_v end_v be_v also_o declare_v which_o most_o of_o all_o require_v brevity_n and_o expedition_n and_o have_v need_n of_o a_o peremptory_a proceed_n as_o be_v invent_v for_o the_o common_a law_n of_o the_o realm_n of_o england_n the_o due_a commendation_n whereof_o be_v add_v hereunto_o show_v also_o how_o of_o the_o same_o there_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n and_o what_o observation_n of_o other_o law_n be_v concur_v with_o we_o both_o in_o the_o strictness_n of_o law_n and_o the_o lenity_n of_o equity_n most_o consonant_a with_o the_o law-merchant_n the_o knowledge_n whereof_o be_v of_o so_o great_a consequence_n that_o without_o it_o all_o temporal_a law_n be_v not_o complete_a but_o imperfect_a the_o scope_n of_o all_o therefore_o be_v that_o the_o rule_n of_o equality_n and_o equity_n may_v take_v place_n between_o we_o and_o other_o nation_n which_o velut_fw-la ariadnae_n caecaregens_fw-la filo_fw-la vestigia_fw-la non_fw-la modo_fw-la nos_fw-la errare_fw-la non_fw-la sinit_fw-la feed_v etiam_fw-la efficit_fw-la ut_fw-la aberrantes_fw-la in_o rectam_fw-la viam_fw-la deducamur_fw-la as_o have_v be_v mention_v in_o our_o last_o treatise_n of_o the_o maintenance_n of_o free_a trade_n late_o publish_v conclude_v gentle_a reader_n upon_o all_o the_o premise_n handle_v as_o i_o hope_v substantial_o i_o commend_v and_o submit_v the_o same_o to_o the_o love_a entertainment_n of_o the_o profound_a and_o discern_a judgement_n of_o the_o discreet_a wise_a and_o experience_v wish_v that_o like_a matter_n set_v down_o by_o the_o pen_n of_o apollo_n they_o may_v sound_v sweet_o in_o your_o apprehension_n and_o give_v to_o your_o conceit_n most_o harmonious_a music_n pleasure_n and_o delight_n london_n the_o 25_o of_o november_n 1622._o thou_o to_o use_v always_o ready_a gerard_n malynes_n a_o table_n of_o the_o content_n of_o the_o first_o part_n of_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o ancient_a law-merchant_n concern_v commodity_n compare_v to_o the_o body_n of_o traffic_n chapter_n pag._n 1_o a_o induction_n to_o lex_fw-la mercatoria_fw-la or_o the_o law-merchant_n and_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o 1_o 2_o a_o observation_n concern_v time_n 8_o 3_o of_o number_n and_o the_o mystery_n thereof_o 17_o 4_o of_o weight_n and_o measure_n use_v in_o all_o place_n of_o the_o world_n with_o other_o observation_n 19_o 5_o of_o the_o three_o essential_a part_n of_o traffic_n namely_o commodity_n money_n and_o exchange_n of_o money_n by_o bill_n of_o exchange_n 58_o 6_o a_o geometrical_a description_n of_o the_o world_n especial_o of_o europe_n measure_v by_o million_o of_o acre_n of_o ground_n upon_o the_o map_n 66_o 7_o of_o the_o commodity_n of_o all_o country_n whereby_o commerce_n be_v maintain_v 70_o 8_o of_o commutation_n or_o barter_n of_o commodity_n 83_o 9_o of_o ordinary_a buy_n and_o selling_n of_o commodity_n 91_o 10_o of_o suretyship_n and_o merchant_n promise_n 93_o 11_o of_o the_o revolution_n of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n in_o the_o course_n of_o traffic_n 95_o 12_o of_o the_o transfer_v and_o set_v over_o of_o bill_n obligatorie_n between_o merchant_n and_o other_o 98_o 13_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o bill_n obligatorie_n beyond_o the_o sea_n and_o in_o england_n 101_o 14_o of_o letter_n of_o credit_n and_o blank_n sign_v 104_o 15_o of_o letter_n of_o attorney_n or_o procuration_n and_o transport_v and_o conveyance_n 106_o 16_o of_o factor_n and_o servant_n and_o commission_n give_v unto_o they_o 111_o 17_o of_o the_o beginning_n of_o sea_n law_n 119_o 18_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v in_o seafaring_a cause_n 121_o 19_o of_o buy_v and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o contract_n 122_o 20_o of_o bank_n and_o banker_n 131_o 21_o of_o the_o freight_a of_o ship_n charterparty_n and_o bill_n of_o lade_n 134_o 22_o of_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ship_n his_o power_n and_o duty_n of_o the_o master_n to_o the_o merchant_n 142_o 23_o of_o the_o duty_n and_o privilege_n of_o marinors_n 144_o 24_o of_o the_o office_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o ancient_a custom_n of_o the_o same_o 146_o 25_o of_o policy_n of_o assurance_n and_o the_o substance_n of_o they_o and_o of_o contribution_n 150_o 26_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o contribution_n or_o aueridge_n 157_o 27_o of_o the_o particular_n to_o be_v observe_v in_o assurance_n 159_o 28_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o proceed_v for_o assurance_n in_o case_n of_o loss_n 161_o 29_o of_o shipwreck_n and_o thing_n find_v upon_o the_o sea_n 167_o 30_o of_o partner_n and_o ship_n voyage_n 169_o 31_o of_o money_n take_v upon_o bottomarie_a by_o the_o master_n of_o a_o ship_n call_v foenus_fw-la nauticum_fw-la 171_o 32_o of_o ship_n and_o navigation_n 173_o 33_o a_o abridgement_n of_o the_o imperial_a sea_n law_n of_o the_o haunce_n town_n make_v in_o the_o year_n 1614_o 175_o 34_o of_o navigation_n and_o community_n of_o the_o sea_n 182_o 35_o of_o the_o distinct_a dominion_n of_o the_o sea_n 185_o 36_o of_o custom_n subsidy_n and_o imposition_n pay_v upon_o commodity_n 193_o 37_o of_o merchant_n wager_n stipulation_n or_o convention_n 197_o 38_o of_o merchant_n mark_n set_v upon_o commodity_n 199_o 39_o of_o the_o buy_n and_o sell_v of_o commodity_n by_o broker_n and_o by_o the_o candle_n 201_o 40_o of_o buy_v of_o commodity_n by_o condition_n term_v capiticus_n and_o sell_v thing_n upon_o casualty_n 203_o 41_o of_o divide_v of_o commodity_n by_o lot_n 205_o 42_o of_o assotiation_n monopoly_n engrossing_n and_o forestallings_n 210_o 43_o of_o merchant_n oppignoration_n 218_o 44_o of_o the_o proceed_n use_v against_o bankrupt_n 221_o 45_o of_o manufacture_n 229_o 46_o of_o
they_o shall_v speak_v truth_n to_o that_o which_o shall_v be_v demand_v of_o they_o 3_o that_o they_o shall_v not_o require_v without_o just_a cause_n any_o time_n of_o prolongation_n 4_o that_o they_o have_v not_o nor_o will_v attempt_v to_o corrupt_v witness_n 6_o the_o six_o time_n upon_o the_o contestation_n and_o interlocutorie_a sentence_n you_o must_v observe_v nine_o thing_n 1_o that_o the_o witness_n be_v present_v in_o presence_n of_o the_o party_n against_o who_o they_o be_v produce_v 2_o that_o they_o be_v freeman_n and_o honest_a and_o not_o hire_v nor_o corrupt_v 3_o that_o they_o be_v swear_v and_o the_o producent_fw-la pay_v his_o charge_n 4_o you_o may_v inquire_v of_o the_o party_n that_o do_v produce_v the_o witness_n as_o also_o of_o the_o witness_n by_o certain_a article_n what_o may_v appertain_v to_o the_o cause_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o admittance_n for_o to_o be_v swear_v because_o their_o deposition_n be_v the_o ground_n of_o the_o matter_n 5_o that_o 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the_o defendant_n which_o seek_v delay_n be_v not_o content_v with_o so_o short_a a_o time_n of_o plead_v the_o complainant_n also_o may_v know_v whether_o it_o be_v safe_a for_o he_o to_o take_v his_o oath_n as_o aforesaid_a that_o he_o be_v in_o conscience_n persuade_v of_o his_o right_n suit_n to_o abridge_v the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n and_o morever_o pay_v a_o fine_a for_o wrong_v molestation_n abridge_v with_o they_o heretofore_o the_o multiplicity_n of_o suit_n omit_v now_o to_o speak_v of_o other_o court_n of_o equity_n and_o call_v law_n and_o equity_n to_o be_v the_o common_a law_n so_o much_o commend_v above_o the_o civil_a law_n by_o the_o say_v m_o r._n fortescue_n sometime_o lord_n chief_a justice_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n in_o the_o time_n of_o king_n henry_n the_o six_o who_o have_v observe_v five_o point_n wherein_o the_o same_o consist_v let_v we_o observe_v many_o more_o to_o extol_v the_o excellency_n of_o the_o say_v common_a law_n as_o follow_v summary_o 1_o first_o because_o of_o the_o antiquity_n thereof_o england_n excellency_n of_o the_o common_a law_n of_o england_n for_o that_o in_o all_o the_o time_n that_o the_o realm_n be_v inhabit_v by_o five_o several_a nation_n the_o same_o be_v still_o rule_v by_o the_o say_a custom_n that_o it_o be_v now_o govern_v withal_o which_o if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v good_a some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o these_o several_a nation_n move_v either_o with_o justice_n or_o with_o reason_n and_o affection_n will_v have_v change_v or_o abolish_v the_o same_o especial_o the_o roman_n who_o judge_v all_o the_o world_n 2_o second_o for_o that_o the_o king_n of_o england_n at_o their_o coronation_n do_v take_v a_o solemn_a oath_n to_o cause_v all_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o realm_n to_o be_v faithful_o observe_v according_a to_o the_o former_a institution_n 3_o for_o that_o the_o say_v ancient_a custom_n or_o maxim_n thereof_o be_v inexpugnable_a and_o do_v stand_v of_o their_o own_o authority_n as_o principle_n which_o need_v no_o reason_n to_o confirm_v their_o authority_n as_o the_o law_n of_o solon_n draco_n carondas_n lycurgus_n numa_n pompilius_n and_o the_o law_n of_o twelve_o table_n etc._n etc._n 4_o because_o all_o difference_n and_o controversy_n which_o happen_v between_o the_o king_n and_o his_o subject_n be_v try_v and_o determine_v by_o the_o law_n and_o if_o it_o be_v do_v in_o parliament_n or_o by_o the_o judge_n it_o be_v still_o according_a to_o the_o law_n 5_o because_o the_o king_n personal_o give_v not_o any_o judgement_n especial_o when_o himself_o be_v a_o party_n see_v it_o be_v against_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n to_o be_v both_o judge_n and_o party_n 6_o for_o that_o notwithstanding_o the_o decease_n of_o the_o king_n of_o england_n from_o time_n to_o time_n the_o judge_n of_o the_o court_n of_o record_n that_o be_v to_o say_v of_o the_o chancery_n of_o the_o king_n bench_n of_o the_o common_a plea_n which_o do_v sit_v as_o judge_n by_o the_o king_n letter_n patent_n do_v remain_v authorise_v and_o their_o power_n end_v not_o immediate_o with_o the_o king_n howbeit_o the_o succeed_a king_n do_v confirm_v they_o in_o their_o office_n whereby_o all_o sedition_n be_v prevent_v during_o the_o inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la 7_o for_o that_o with_o indifferency_n without_o regard_n of_o person_n it_o command_v as_o well_o the_o nobility_n and_o other_o person_n of_o dignity_n by_o way_n of_o utlagare_o or_o outlaw_n as_o the_o mean_a subject_n 8_o for_o exercise_v a_o power_n over_o the_o judge_n which_o be_v not_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o law_n but_o by_o the_o law_n and_o therefore_o be_v the_o word_n judicium_fw-la properly_z attribute_v to_o their_o determination_n even_o as_o the_o word_n decretum_fw-la be_v understand_v of_o the_o ordinance_n or_o sentence_n of_o the_o magistrate_n follow_v equity_n as_o it_o be_v without_o law_n for_o there_o be_v the_o like_a proportion_n between_o the_o law_n and_o the_o execution_n thereof_o call_v legis_fw-la actio_fw-la as_o there_o be_v between_o equity_n and_o the_o duty_n of_o a_o magistrate_n call_v judicis_fw-la officium_fw-la 9_o for_o that_o the_o officer_n thereof_o be_v authorise_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n and_o due_a execution_n of_o it_o by_o a_o proportionable_a distribution_n namely_o the_o judge_n for_o term_n of_o life_n and_o officer_n subaltern_a change_v from_o year_n to_o year_n to_o the_o end_n the_o administration_n of_o justice_n may_v be_v more_o indifferent_a 10_o for_o the_o diversity_n of_o the_o trial_n thereof_o in_o several_a court_n according_a to_o law_n and_o equity_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o a_o agree_v and_o most_o necessary_a discord_n as_o it_o be_v concordi_fw-la discordia_fw-la whereby_o the_o body_n of_o justice_n be_v support_v by_o strive_v as_o the_o stone_n uphold_v a_o vault_n as_o cato_n say_v 11_o for_o that_o the_o judge_n in_o criminal_a cause_n do_v change_v from_o time_n to_o time_n their_o circuit_n and_o inferior_a judge_n of_o the_o court_n do_v execute_v the_o place_n as_o well_o as_o superior_a judge_n whereby_o partiality_n be_v prevent_v 12_o for_o that_o the_o law_n tend_v most_o careful_o for_o the_o good_a and_o preservation_n of_o life_n and_o good_n of_o every_o good_a and_o honest_a man_n see_v that_o even_o in_o criminal_a cause_n it_o have_v provide_v as_o much_o as_o may_v stand_v with_o justice_n a_o help_n and_o favour_n permit_v the_o judge_n to_o order_v the_o plead_n of_o offender_n and_o to_o instruct_v they_o to_o avoid_v mispleading_a and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o except_v against_o the_o juror_n which_o they_o dislike_v 13_o for_o that_o it_o do_v forbid_v the_o sale_n of_o office_n thereby_o intend_v due_a administration_n of_o justice_n for_o where_o office_n be_v sell_v as_o it_o be_v by_o the_o great_a there_o justice_n be_v common_o sell_v by_o
retail_n 14_o because_o the_o same_o be_v most_o agreeable_a with_o the_o nature_n and_o disposition_n of_o the_o people_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o country_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fertility_n afford_v very_o convenient_a mean_n for_o the_o trial_n thereof_o by_o jury_n of_o twelve_o man_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o people_n be_v gentle_a 15_o because_o man_n be_v to_o reduce_v the_o state_n or_o issue_n of_o their_o cause_n upon_o one_o peremptory_a exception_n to_o be_v try_v by_o the_o verdict_n of_o twelve_o man_n whereby_o matter_n be_v determine_v with_o expedition_n 16_o for_o that_o it_o command_v not_o any_o thing_n but_o what_o be_v honest_a reasonable_a and_o possible_a in_o itself_o and_o all_o impossibility_n be_v exclude_v thereby_o 17_o for_o that_o thereof_o may_v be_v make_v a_o art_n or_o science_n in_o manner_n before_o declare_v see_v the_o same_o be_v finite_a in_o her_o precept_n according_a to_o the_o old_a maxim_n or_o principle_n whereunto_o 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