example Rome what made her such a Monarchesse but only the adventures of her youthe not in ryots at home but in dangers abroad and their justice and judgment out of their own experience when they grewe aged What was their ruine and hurt but this their excesse of idlenesse want of experience hypocriticall seeming goodnesse growing onlie formall Temporists so that what their Predecessours gotte in many yeeres they lost in few dayes these by their paines and laboures became Lordes of the Worlde they by their ease and vyces became slaves to their servants Then who would live at home idle or think in him selfe any worth to live onlie to eate drinke and sleepe and so to die or by consuming that careleslie which their predecessours hath got worthilie or by vsing that miserablie that maintained vertue honestlie or for beeing descended noblie pyne with the vaine vaunt of Kinred in penurie or to maintaine a sillie show of braverie toyle out the heart soule and time baselie by shiftes trickes cardes or dyce or by relating newes of others actions sharke heere or there for a Dinner or Supper deceiving his friends by faire promises and dissimulation in borrowing where hee never intendeth to pay offending the Lawes surfeting with excesse burthening his Countrie abusing himselfe despairing in want and then cousening his kinred although it is seene what honoures the World hath yet and what affluence of all things for such as will seeke and worthilie deserue them Heere were courses for Gentle-men and such as would bee so reputed more suting their qualities than begging from their Princes generous disposition the labours of his other subjects It woulde bee a Historie of a large volume to recite the adventures of the Spaniards and Portugalles their constant resolutions with such incomparable honour so farre beyond beliefe in their discoveries and plantations as may well condemne vs of too much imbecillitie floth and negligence And yet the authours of these new inventions were helde as ridiculous at that time as now are others that doe but seeke to imitate their vnparalelled vertues And though wee see daylie their mountaines of wealth sprung from the plants of their generous indevoures yet is our incredulitie and vntowardnesse such and so great that either ignorantlie wee beleeve nothing or so curiouslie contest to prevent wee know not what future events that so wee either neglect or oppresse or discourage both our selves and others that might both as easilie and would as willinglie attempt and embrace the like Who seeth not what is the greatest good of the Spaniard but these newe conclusions in searching these vnknowne partes of this vnknowne Worlde by which meanes hee diveth even into the verie secreetes of all his Neighboures and the most part of the Worlde And when the Portugalles and Spaniards had found the East and West Indies how manie did condemne them-selves that did not accept of that honest offer of noble Columbus who vpon the neglect of England to whom it was first offered brought them to it perswading them-selves the Worlde had no such places as they had found and yet ever since wee finde they still haue found newe Lands newe Nations new trades and still daylie doe finde both in Asia Africa Terra incognita and America so that their is neither Souldiour nor Mechanicke from the Lord to the begger but these parts affoord them all employment and discharge their native Soyle of so manie thousands of all sorts that else by their sloath pryde and imperfections woulde longe ere this haue troubled their neighboures or haue eaten the pryde of Spaine it selfe And seeing further for all they have they cease not still to search for that which yet they neither haue nor knowe not â— it is strange that wee shoulde bee so dull as not maintaine that which wee haue and pursue that which wee knowe I am sure that manie would take it in an evill part to be abridged of the titles and honours of their predecessours when if but truelie they would judge themselves looke howe inferiour they are to their noble vertues so much they are vnworthie of their honours and livings which never were ordained for showes and shadowes to maintaine idlenesse and sloath but to make them more able to abound in honour by heroicall deedes of action judgement pietie and vertue What was it they would not doe both in purse and person for the good of the Common-weale and may not this bee a motive for vs to set out such as may bee spared of our kindred in such generous designes Religion aboue all things should move especiallie the Cleargie if wee were religious to showe our faith by our workes in converting these poore savages to the knowledge of GOD. Honour might move the Gentrie valiant and industrious the hope and assurance of wealth all if wee were such as wee would seeme and desire to bee accompted Or bee wee so farre inferiour to other Nations or our Spirites so farre dejected from our ancient Predecessoures or our minds so vpon spoyle pyracie or other villanieas to serve the Portugale Spaniard Dutch French or Turk as to the great hurte of Europe too manie doe rather than our GOD our King our Countrie and our selves excusing our idlenesse and our base complaints by want of imployment when heere is such choyce of all sortes and for all degrees in this plantation So let these answere such questionlesse questions that keepe vs backe from imitating the worthinesse of their brave spirits that advanced themselves from poore Souldiers to great Captaines their posteritie to great Lords their King to bee one of the greatest Potentates on Earth and the fruits of their labours his greatest glorie power riches and renowne MOTIVE III. motive 3 AND as I haue spoken of two principall causes that hath induced mee The third of my ends may happilie bee no lesse forcible to encourage all such whose education spirits and judgments wants but onlie the purse to prosecute the same with mee and that is the private and particulare gaine that may bee got by so lawfull and easie meanes whereof it is more than admirable that such should either bee so wilfullie ignorant or so negligently carelesse as not to bee moved to imbrace and speciallie such imployment as may search out commodities to live happilie plentifullie and at ease Ought not everie man to regard aswell to inlarge his patrimonie as that hee bee not chargeable to others so farre as hee may by his vertue and industrie in a lawfull and honest manner attaine vnto Is not a lawfull search for such commodities to bee preferred to an idle sloathfulnesse and an honorable policie in a lawfull plantation abroad before vnlawfull monopolies and wrangling suites of Law by neighbour against neighbour at home impoverishing thy selfe and thy native Countrie whereof thou oughtest to bee a more profitable member May not the fortunate successe of the plantation of Ireland so fresh and recent to all whence so great commodities are brought both to England
and Scotland and whereby the Countrie it selfe is enriched and wee so benefited bee inticements to induce vs to the like The verturous and generous Spirites of resolute Gentlemen vnder-takers of this plantation haue raised their fortunes worthie of honour and by his Majesties favour their vertues rewarded with the titles of Earles Vice-Countes Lords Barronets and Knights according to their qualities and his Majesties pleasure The meaner sort such as artisanes labourers of the ground the greater part whereof were knowne to haue scarce a competent meanes to defraye the charges of their passage thither now promoted to bee Gentlemen and of great meanes And why may not time produce as great effects to vertue in others who shall follow her pathes with resolution where as good occasions are are offered in a climate more temperate a Soyle more fertile and farre exceeding in greater commodities And last to shake off the difficulties and impedimentes that may bee objected as the dangerousnesse of Sea the bariennesse of the Soyle and the vnwholesomenesse of the climate all which discouragements might astonishe some with feare and to thinke our expensses and paines vnprofitable when as our endes shall bee vnpossible I haue therefore heere taken a view that you may generallie knowe and learne what the Countrie is and her commodities the temperature of the climate nature of the natives and the easinesse of the passage all which I shall briefly runne over only to remove from before your feete the stumbling blocks of impossibilitie that may affright vs. The Countrie it is called by the name of Cape Briton now New Galloway new not in respect of the discoverie thereof which to the judgment of men of knowledge and vnderstanding is not new but old for the much hath been written thereof yet new not olde because of our new vndertaking of that plantation It is situated betwixt the degrees of 45. and 57. an Yland within the Sea but vpon the maine severed by the distance of foure leagues in some parts of two or three at other parts and at others lesse The Yland is in length some 120. myles and in breadth 80. myles or thereby standing South-east and North-west to New Scotland vvhere the great river Canada ingorgeth her selfe in the maine Ocean Harbours there bee exceeding good on all sides in most part vvhereof are ancorage for shippes of all burthen Yles there be about over-grovvn vvith good timber of diverse sorts of vvood all as yet not discovered except the Yle Sablon vvhich is full of vvoodes and vvilde beastes but vvithout any people The Land is vvatered by foure maine rivers full of Salmond and diverse other sortes of fishes It hath plentie of springes of svveete vvaters Tovvards the North-east Mountanous and tovvard the South-west Caimpainge promising as rich entralles as anie other Kingdome to whom the Sunne is no nearer neighbour The ground in it self so fertile and good as may equalize any of the Kingdomes that lyeth in the hight of 45. 46. 47. Onlie this advantage I find in nature that they haue above this they are bewtified by the long labour diligence of industrious people airt this is only as God made it when he created the world vncultured planted manured by men of industry judgmeÌ„t experience The commodities which we shal reape from thence shall be great for the Sea shall sweeten our labours with her benefites as the Land and the Land aswell as the Sea The Sea shall reach vs vp her Whale her turbot her sturgion cod haddocke small ling makkerell herring mullet pearch Ecle crab lobster muskle wilk oyster and infinite others Fish is the maine Staple from whence is to be extracted a present commoditie to produce the rest which howsoever it may seeme meane and base yet it is the Myne and the Sea is the source of these silvered streames of all these vertues which hath made the Hollanders the miracle of industrie patterne of perfection for these affaires and the benefite of fishing is that Primum mobile that turneth all their Spheare to this hight of plentie strength honour and admiration The ground it will yeeld vs an admired varietie some wee shall haue that are merchantable which by the serving for ordinarie necessars of the planters inhabitants may yeeld a superplus sufficient by way of traffick and exchange with other nations to enriche our selves the provyders such as flaxe hempe which the Soyle doth yeeld of it self not planted For pitch tarre rozen and turpentine there bee these kind of trees there which yeeld them aboundantlie Sassafras called by the natives winauk a kind of wood of sweet smell and of rare vertues in Physick The Vine it groweth there wild Oyle there may be there of two sortes one of walnuts and another of berries like the ackornes which the natives vse Furres of manie and diverse kinds such as the matterne the otter the black foxe the luzernes Deere skins bevers wildcat and manie others Sweet gummes of diverse kinds and many other Apothecarie drugges Dyes of diverse sortes such as shoemake for blacke the seede of an hearbe called vasebur and a litle small roote called chappacor for red for blew the her be woad a thing of great vent and vse at home for Dyers and many other commodities merchantable which by planting may bee raised and in our coastings at home wee are subject vnto And now last it resteth I speake a worde of the nature of the people in so farre as you maye knowe how litle they are to bee feared in respect of troubling our inhabiting and planting They are a people so fewe so poore so base so incivile and so savage as wanting both multitude power or aiâ—â—â— to harme vs. They are cloathed with loose mantles made of Deere skinnes casten rounde about their middles the rest of their bodie all naked of such stature onelie as wee are heere having no edge tooles nor weapons of yron nor steele to offende vs neither knowe they how to make anie nor howe to vse them These weapons which they have are onelie Bowes made of Hazell and arrowes of reedes flat edged truncheons also of vvood about a yarde long neither haue they anie thing to defende themselves but targes made of barkes and some armour made of stickes vvickered together vvith threed In number they are verie fewe in twentie myles scarce threescore people Townes in the countrie are verie rare and small containing fewe inhabitants and hee is a Viroan or great Lord that hath the government of one towne There houses are litle made of small poles and fast at the toppes in round forme in moste parte covered with barkes If there shoulde fall out anie Warres betwixt vs and them what fight coulde there bee wee having advantages against them so manie manner of wayes it maye bee easilie imagined by our discipline our strange weapons especiallie our Ordinance great and small And by the experience that others hath had of them there in places more populous
ENCOVRAGEMENTS For such as shall have intention to bee Vnder-takers in the new plantation of CAPE BRITON now New Galloway in AMERICA BY MEE LOCHINVAR Non nobis nati 〈◊〉 aliquid parentes aliquid Patria aliquid cognati postulant DREAD GOD 1625 EDINBVRGH Printed by Iohn Wreittoun Anno Dom. 1625. TO THE RIGHT VVORSHIPFVLL SIR WILLIAM ALEXANDER of Menstrie Knight Master of Requestes for Scotland and Lievetenant Generall to his Majestie in the Kingdome of NEW SCOTLAND AND TO THE REMNANT THE NOBLEMEN AND KNIGHTS BAROnets in Scotland Vnder-takers in the plantations of New Scotland in AMERICA TO THE ADVENTVRERS FAVOVrers and well-willers of the enterprise for the inhabiting and planting in Cape Briton now New Galloway in America GEntle Reader It hath beene the policie vniversall from the creation of the World vnto this time of all civile States the replenishing of the World with Colonies of their owne subjects Adam and Eva did first beginne this pleasant worke to plant the Earth to succeeding posteritie Noah and his familie began againe the second plantation And the confusion of tongues at Babel made division of States scattering as manie Colonies over the face of the Earth after the Flood as there was diversitie of Languages and their seede as it still increased hath still planted new Countries one after another and so the Worlde to that estate whereinto it is That the planting of Countries and civilizing barbarâ—â—s and inhumane Nations hath ever beene the worke of the greatest Princes of the Earth their ever-living actions hath testified wherewith are filled both the records of divine Trueth and the monuments of humane state and whose heroicke actions wee must not thinke hath beene vndertaken vpon triviall motives when as by that they did aswell inlarge the limites of their Dominions and enriche the revenues of their estates as bridle sedition at home and settle securitie against their enemies abroad These preceeding praise-worthie Fathers and their memorable of spring were diligent to plant that yet vnplanted to their after-livers wherein shined those worthie Founders of the great Monarchies and their virtues the Hebrues the Lacedomonians Gothes Graecians Romanes and the rest from time to time in their severall ages But to leaue these remote times let vs take a view within these 60. yeeres of the discoveries and plantations in America by the English the French the Spainard the Portugale by whose industrious paines are made knowne vnto vs alreadie their so hudge tracts kingdomes and territories peopled and vnpeopled as vpon the hither side for the space of â—000 leagues at the least and for 3000. more on the backe side in the South Sea Manie discourses of the discoueries which hath beene there effected within these few yeeres are made of worthie Personages such as Columbus Cortez Pitzora Soto Magellanes and manie others who to the wonder of all ages hath successivelie seconded one another in those partes Whole Decads are filled with discoveries there and volumes with their actions of plantation There wee see the renowned Drake and memorable Candisch twise about the round circumference of the whole Earth Virginia to perpetrat the memorie of her honourable Knight S r Walter Ralegh Amadas Arthur Whyte Grenuile and Lane her first discoverers and worthie Governours in her plantations S r Iohn Haukins in his Guinea Iohn de Verrazano a Florentine Iohn Rinault Rene Landoniere Dominique Gourgues in their Florida The noble Cortez and the other Spainards and Portugalls in their golden Mynes of the 15. Provinces of new Mexico Nueua Gallicia Nueua Hispanna Nueua Biscaia Cibola Quivira and to the Gulfe of California on the back side of America The famous Cabot Frobisher Davis whose memories shall never die in the North-west parts and many innumerable 〈◊〉 Worthies whom all after-ages shall eternize for their vertues whose actions I leave to bee searched as they are registred in the monuments of their praise-worthie proceedings The shining brightnesse of these Gentle Reader and such others hath so beamed a path way to all posteritie for imitation as that the basest minde that is may bee induced to follow their footsteppes And for my selfe hauing from the source of that ever and over-flowing fountaine that was still a running to all from our late Soveraigne of never-dying memorie King IAMES obtained a Patent of Cape Briton which now by his Royall direction is intituled New Galloway in America I haue resolved to follow the troden way of these others whose happie successe are so plainlie seene in such honorable designes And since I doe propone to my selfe the same ends which are first for the glorie of my great and mightie GOD next the service of his 〈◊〉 my dread Soveraigne and my native Countrie and last the particular weale and vtilitie of my selfe and such as shall bee generouslie disposed adventurers with mee Why shall it bee lawfull for others and not for mee and not as possible and as commodious for mee as vnto others of my qualitie The chiefe then and the farthest poynt that my intention shall seeke to arrive at shall bee to remove that vnbeliefe which is so grounded in the mindes of men to discredite most noble and profitable endevoures with distrust and first to shake off their colourable pretences of ignorance and then if they will not be perswaded to make their selfe-willes inexcusable I shall make manifest the worthinesse of the cause to the mindes of such as are desirous to bee settled in a certaintie As for my selfe I doe giue trust to the relations of such whose wisdomes I know are not so shallow as easilie bee deceiued of others nor consciences so wretched as by pretences to deceive others and having the personall tryall of so honourable and sufficient reporters our owne Countrie-men this naked contemplation and idle knowledge can not content mee but knowing that the chiefe commendation of vertue consisteth in action I haue resolved a practise and to trace the footsteppes of those heroicke fore-runners whose honourable actions shall ever live vpon Earth whiles their Soules live in glorie in the Heavens and shall increase heere and multiplie as their bodies in the grave shall putrifie The inducements which hath incouraged mee to this enterprise and to spend my time and best abilities in these adventures I shall heere sette brieflie downe without any inlargment of made wordes but in single speach as best beseeming a simple meaning Intreating thee Courteous Reader that thou would with an affectioned mind consider these my subsequent motives wherewith I haue beene induced my selfe ponder aright my endes and then but weigh my willing and free Offers which I doe make for the weale and furtherance of so worthie a Worke. Wee are not borne to our selves but to help each others and our abilities and meanes are not much vnlike at the first houre of our birth and the last minute of our death and it is our deades good or bad that all of vs haue to carrie vs to Heaven or Hell after this life While wee are
than this of ours where the taking of them-selves to their heeles was their best defence against them So seeing you maye perceive what the Countrie is and how situated the aire how temperate and wholesome the Soyle how fertile and what affluence it doeth yeelde of commoditie the natives how both so fewe and so harmelesse and the passage howe so easie and so frequentlie experimented I hope there remaineth no cause whereby the action should bee misliked Thus referring my relation to your favourable constructions the successe of the action to Him who is to bee acknowledged the Author and Governour not onlie of this but of all thinges else and these my subsequent Offers which I have freelie and willinglie granted as helpes and furtherances for your encouragement to so good a Worke yee maye pervse and onelie imbrace as you shall thinke your selves disposed DREAD GOD 1625 THE OFFERS to bee granted to the Adventurers in the new plantation of CAPE BRITON now called by the name of New Galloway in AMERICA BY LOCHINVAR ARTICLE 1. For Ministers THAT the blessing of GOD may accompanie vs in our indevoures without whose gracious and mercifull assistance wee can not have happie nor prosperous successe in our affaires For the Ministers of the Worde of God such as shall bee the factours of CHRIST for the gaine of Soules and to propagate his Trueth and enlighten those that are captivate in Ethnicke darknesse and for the vse and exercise of true Religion amongest our selves I doe willinglie and freelie graunt and offer as followeth 1. Their passage from Scotland vnto the said Land of New Galloway shall bee free vnto them without payment of any fraught either for themselves their wiues and children if they anie haue and their necessare houshold stuffe which all shall bee transported thither vnto them into mine owne Shippes and vpon mine owne charges 2. They shall haue their entertainment of mee their wiues and children as saide is in their whole passage on the waye thither 3. For their maintenance and their foresaids beeing there I shall giue them entertainment for the space of the first three yeeres in during the infancie of our Church there and howe soone it shall please GOD that our number bee increased that our Companies maye bee divided in Paroches that then a competent meanes shall be alloted vnto each Minister in his severall charge as shall bee found expedient for their places 4. For their assistance in such things as belongeth vnto them in their callings I shall haue a speciall care to see that such reverence and respect be had vnto them as appertaineth vnto their place and calling and shall see such goode order as by them shall bee sette downe for reformation of life and manners duelie obeyed and performed by causing the transgressours and contemners of the same bee severelie punished ARTICLE II. THAT everie one of such as shall bee vndertakers shall giue his oath of alledgeance and shall all conforme themselves in Religion according to his Majesties Lawes and manner professed within the Kingdome of Scotland ARTICLE III. For Gentlemen and others vndertakers what I shall bee obliged to performe vnto them ITEM for the helpes and furtherances of so generous and well-disposed vndertakers as shall willinglie vnder-goe the hazard and imbrace the enterpryse I shall performe the particulars in everie point vnto them as followeth 1. For their passages everie vnder-taker shall bee transported himselfe his wife children servants his whole houshold stuffe and their provision of victualles for their intertainment such as meale malt beefe c. and such as they shall please to provide to sustaine them for a whole yeere Together with as much cornes as they shall bee able to sowe vpon their Lands the first yeere and that all and together passage free into mine Shippes from Scotland vnto the said countrie of New Galloway 2. Beeing thither by GODS mercifull assistance and providence transported to bee established and placed in the Land each man according to his qualitie as followeth The landed Gentleman vndertaker shall haue his Landes granted vnto him in fee and heritage to himselfe and his successours for ever to bee holden of mee my heires and successoures in New Galloway in manner as they holde their Lands in Scotland of our Soveraigne Lord the King his Majestie either by feaw wairde or blansh and shall grant the same vnto them in quantitie according to everie one of their qualities and meanes And for tennants and farmorers their landes shall bee granted vnto them in Lace everie one of them to have three Life-rents and a nyneteene yeere Tacke thereafter conforme to their power and meanes and performance of the conditions of the rent after mentioned 3. And further more that their helpes and furtherances maye haue a competent time to establishe them-selves in their estates and that their meanes may the better increase each vndertaker of the plantation of New Galloway shall bee free from the payment of any duetie for his Landes for all and whole the space of the first three yeeres 4. For their assurance of a securitie and peaceable quietnesse in the possession of their Landes in New Galloway whereof they bee vndertakers I shall finde sufficient caution and suretie vnto each one of them within the Shyre where hee dwelleth in Scotland that whatsoever his goods or geare thither transported and placed vpon the ground of the saids Landes shall bee taken from him by violence of the natives or forraine Nations that the double thereof shall bee payed and refounded againe vnto him in Scotland or to his heires executours or assignayes 5. And for artisanes and craftes-men such as Taylors Shoe-makers Smyths Wrights Websters Wakers Millers c. their passages shall bee made free vnto them without the payment of anie fraught and likewise the rents of their lands shall bee free vnto them induring their owne life-times and for their successours they shall bee kept in the case and estate of tenants and farmorers and shall haue their Laces of their Lands granted vnto them as is set downe in the Article for Tennants ARTICLE IIII. What the Vnder-takers shall performe vnto mee FOR the whole duetie of my Landes charges and expensses to bestowed by mee in my shipping and other provision I shall bee contented to receive from everie one of the said vndertakers the thirteenth parte of that increase and commoditie which their Lands shall bee made worthie vnto them in the said plantation And that I shall not require to bee payed vnto mee in moneyes but only in such commodities as the Soyle shall affoord such as cornes fishes furres c. AND last I desire that all such as shall imbrace the foresaids offers may come vnto mee before the first day of December next and giue vp their names and a note of such things as they desire to bee carried with them whereby I may provide for them conforme to my preceeding offers and they received everie one and placed according to the order