the Ears of the Princes of the Union quailed their courage made them look back into their own condition and having not so much faith as to depend upon our King for assistance before the Spring they submitted themselves to the Emperor leaving the almost-ruined Palatinate as a Prey to an insulting Enemy the English only giving Spirits to the Vital parts of it conveyed by the Conduct of those Instruments Vere Herbert and Burrowes Men fitter to command Armies than to be confined within the Walls of Towns Benssheim Grundtriss vnd Entwurff etlicher ohrt der ChurPfaltz vnd wie die Spanier nach etliche treffeÌ„ endtlich gar dar auss geschaleÌ„ word Mansfeldt only that was rejected and slighted by Anhalt makes good his fidelity by bearing up against the power of the Emperor not that he was able to grapple with his whole Force but being an active spritely man and having a nimble moving Army of fourteen or fifteen thousand men he did harasse the Countries force Contribution from the Cities and when any greater power came against him he got from them into another Country and harrowed that to their perpetual vexation So that he was as goads in their sides and thorns in their eyes And thus he continued in despight of the Emperor and the Duke of Bavaria for almost two years after till they were constrained to purchase their peace of him at a dear rate to which Mansfeldt was also inforced not finding assistance nor Supplies to support him As soon as the Princes in the Palatinate were retired to their Quarters before the great loss at Prague came to their knowledge the Earl of Essex with a Convoy of Horse to Swibruken passed into Lorain and through France posted for England to solicit the King to send those Regiments promised and other Supplies if possible that the English there and the whole Countrey might not be exposed to ruine But when he came into England he found the Court Air of another temper and not as he left it for it was much more inclined to the Spanish Meridian And though Gondemar the King of Spain's Ambassador at the departure of one of his Agents into Spain facetiously bad him commend him to the Sun for he had seen none here a long while yet we had the Spanish influence hot among us the King himself warmed with it then what will not the Court be The King and his Ministers of State had several ends and drive different designs His was for the matching of his Son with some great Princess aiming at no other glory though he debased himself to purchase it For presently after he received a Denial in France he sent to Sir Iohn Digby his Leidger Ambassador in Spain to treat of a Marriage betwixt the Prince of Wales and the Infanta Maria Sister to that King which was in 1617. No blood but blood Royal can be a propitiatory Offering for his Son yet the best Sacrifice is an humble spirit No matter what Religion what Piety that is not the Question When Kings have earthly aims without consideration of God God looks to his own Glory without respect of man The little foundation of hope they built upon at that time was now raised to a formal building by the cunning practices of Gondemar who assured the King it was his Master's real intention the Prince should marry the Infanta And he wished the King his Master had all the Palatinate in his power to present it as a donative to the Prince with his fair Mistris The King that now heard all was lost in Bohemia saw little possibility of injoying the Palatinate quietly but by the Treaty of a Marriage was lulled asleep with Gondemar's windy promises which Sir Iohn Digby seconded being lately made Vice-Chamberlain to the King Baron of Sherborn and a great manager of the affairs at Court Sir Walter Aston being sent Leidger Ambassador into Spain for the general correspondence And the King anchoring his hopes upon these shallow promises made himself unable to prevent the Tempest of War that fell on the Palatinate tying up his own hands and suffering none to quench the Fire that devoured his Childrens Patrimony WILLIAM HERBERT Earl of PEMBROKE c It was thought the Papists did much contribute to Gondemar's liberaliâ—y for they began to flourish in the Kingdom he having procured many Immunities for them and they used all their industry to further the Match hoping that if the Prince did not adhere to Rome yet his Offspring might and at present looked for little less than a Toleration No stubborn piece of either Sex stood in Gondemar's way but he had an Engin to remove them or screw them up to him None that complied with him but found the effects of his friendship many Iesuits fared the better for his intercession he releasing numbers among the rest one Bauldwin an arch-Priest accused to have had a hand in the Gunpowder-Treason and had been seven years in the Tower a man of a dangerous and mischievous spirit who was after his release made Rector of the Iesuits College at St. Omers By his Artifices and Negotiations having been time enough Ambassador in England to gain credit with the King he got Sir Robert Mansel the Vice-Admiral to go into the Mediterranean sea with a Fleet of Ships to fight against the Turks at Algier who were grown too strong and formidable for the Spaniard most of the King of Spain's Gallions attending the Indian Trade as Convoys for his Treasures which he wanted to supply his Armies and he transported Ordnance and other Warlike Provisions to furnish the Spanish Arsenals even while the Armies of Spain were battering the English in the Palatinate so open were the King's ears to him so deaf to others For Sir Robert Nanton one of his Secretaries a Gentleman of known honesty and integrity shewed but a little dislike of those proceedings and he was commanded from Court and Conwey was put in his place And Gondemar had as free access to the King as any Courtier of them all Buckingham excepted and the King took delight to talk with him for he was full of Conceits and would speak false Latin a purpose in his merry fits to please the King telling the King plainly He spoke Latin like a Pedant but I speak it like a Gentleman And he wrought himself so by subtilty into the King's good affections that he did not only work his own will but the King 's into a belief that the Treaties in agitation were though slow real and effectual So easily may wise men be drawn to those things their desires with violence tend to And he cast out his Baits not only for men but if he found an Atalanta whose tongue went nimbler than her feet he would throw out his golden Balls to catch them also And in these times there were some Ladies pretending to be Wits as they called them or had fair Neices or Daughters which drew great Resort to
that came out of Germany with the prince Elector that must see the Glory of the English Court which was presented with so much eminency in gorgeous Apparel that the precedent mourning was but as a sable foyl the better to illustrute it The Prince Elector Palatine and Maurice Prince of Orange were made Knights of the Garter Lodowick Count of Orange being Maurice's Deputy and Prince Maurice took it as a great honour to be admitted into the fraternity of that Order and wore it constantly Till afterwards some Villains at the Hague that met the Reward of their Demerit one of them a French man being Groom of the Princes Chamber robbed a Ieweller of Amsterdam that brought Iewels to the Prince this Groom tempting him into his Chamber to see some Iewelr and there with his Confederates they strangled the man with one of the Princes blew Ribonds which being after discovered the Prince would never suffer so fatal an Instrument to come about his Neck In February following the Prince Palatine and that lovely Princess the Lady Elizabeth were married on Bishop Valentines Day in all the Pomp and Glory that so much Grandure could express Her Vestments were white the Emblem of Innocency her hair dishevil'd hanging down her back at length an Ornament of Virginity a Crown of pure Gold upon her head the Cognizance of Majesty being all over beset with pretious gems shining like a Constellation her Train supported by twelve young Ladies in white Garments so adorned with Iewels that her Passage looked like a milky way She was led to Church by her Brother Prince Charles and the Earl of Northampton the Young Batchelor on the right hand and the Old on the left And while the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury was solemnizing the Marriage some eruscations and lightnings of joy appeared in her Countenance that expressed more than an ordinary smile being almost elated to a laughter which could not clear the Air of her Fate but was rather a fore-runner of more sad and dire Events Which shews how slippery Nature is to tole us along to those things that bring danger yea sometimes destruction with them She returned from the Chappel between the Duke of Lenox and the Earl of Notingham Lord High Admiral two married Men. The Feastings Maskings and other Royal Formalities were as troublesome 't is presum'd to the Lovers as the Relation of them here may be to the Readers For such splendor and gayety are fitter to appear in Princes Courts than in Histories GUILIELMUS LUDOVIC COMES A NASSAU CATZENELNB VIANDEN ET DIE But tired with Feasting and Jollity about the middle of April when the beauties of the Spring were enticing enough to beguile the tediousness of the way the Prince Elector willing to review and the Princess to see what she was to injoy After all the caresses and sweet embraces that could be between the King Queen and Princes that were to be separated so long and at such a distance And after all the Shews Pastimes Fire-works and other Artifices that could be devised and manifested they parted at Rochester The Lord Admiral being ready with a Royal Navy in the Downs for their passage and conduct The season smiled on them and they arrived the nine and twentieth of the Moneth in Flushing The Duke of Lenox the Earl of Arundel the Viscount Lisle and the Lord Harington with divers Ladies and persons of Quality attended them to Heydelburgh Their entertainment was great and magnificent in the Low-Countries not only suitable to the Persons but the place from whence they came The English having been ever a Bulwark to the Netherlands and now they were in full peace with Spain which gave the better rellish to their Banquetings And in every eminent Town in Germany as they passed they found that welcom which prolonged their time but made their travel the less so that with much ado they reached Heydelburgh And after some time spent there to see the beauties and delights of that Court and Country which were extended and put forth to the uttermost the Nobility and Ladies of England returned home only they left the Lord Harington behind them who dyed by the way A Gentleman much lamented in his own person but much more in his Sons who not long after survived him with whom were buried not only those excellent indowments that make Noble-men great indeed but the memory of a noble Posterity which makes them little or indeed nothing at all HENRY HOWARD End of Northampton From an Original Picture in the Collection of Mr. Harding The liuely Portraiture of the worthy Knight Sir William Wadd late Lieutenant of the Tower c. About the same time the King thinking fit to send an Ambassador into Flanders to the Arch-Duke some say into France the Viscount recommended Sir Thomas Overbury to the King for that Service extolling his abilities and fitness for the same publickly that more notice might be taken of the affront and the King made choice of him for that Imployment Which done the Viscount under the shadow of friendship imparts to Overbury what intentions the King had towards him but he thought it would not be so convenient for him to accept of it because he should not only lose his converse and company by such an alienation which he highly valued but many a fair opportunity of improving his respects to him in some better way of advancement Overbury had not been so little a Courtier or a man of so mean Reason but that he was sensible what displeasure he should pull upon himself by refusing the Kings Commands And therefore he told the Viscount that betwixt the Kings favours and his friendship he had a great conflict in his spirit being willing to retain both but how he should refuse the Kings commands with safety he knew not But the Viscount with fair promises prevailed with him to set up his rest at home upon higher expectations such a sweet bait is Ambition protesting to take off the asperity of the Kings anger from him and smooth his way so as should be for his better advantage When he had wrought Overbury in this forge he goes to the King and blows the fire incensing him with all the aggravations he could so that the poor Gentleman for his contempt was forthwith committed to the Tower And to prepare all things for his reception there Sir William Wade the late Lieutenant was removed and Sir Iervis Ellowis a Person more ambitious than indigent having made his way by money the common merit was admitted to the place Now the Countess like another Alecto drove furiously her Chariot having two wheels which ran over all impediments One was to sue a Divorce betwixt her and her Husband that she might marry the Viscount The other was to take away Overbury the blemish in her Eye and that laid such a stain upon her that nothing but his blood could expiate For these she hath several Engins the one must be
into a Coffin and bury him privately on Tower-Hill Concluding That God is gracious in cutting off evil Instruments before their time Which Sentence while he was writing it reflected the judgment on himself For Northampton having a great influence in the Kingdom being a prime Counsellor to the King and intimate with Somerset they two grasping all Power and Northampton having the better head to manage it the miscarriages were not without cause imputed to him For being a Papist he did not only work upon Somerset to pervert him by letting him see there was a greater latitude for the Conscience in that Religion but got him to procure many immunities for the Papists as the Kings best affected Subjects And being Lord Warden of the Cinque-Ports he gave free access to Priests and Iesuits that abundantly flockt again into the Kingdom the operation of the last Proclamation having now lost the vertue And a Letter being discovered which he had written to Cardinal Bellarmine wherein he expresses the condition of the Times and the Kings importunity compelled him to be a Protestant in shew yet nevertheless his heart stood firm with the Papists and if there were cause he would express it with much more to this purpose These things first muttered then urged against him touched him to the heart so that he retired disposed of his Estate and dyed He had a great mind tending towards eminent things which he was the better able to effect by living a Batchelor to an old Age being always attended and he loved it with Gentlemen of Quality to whom he was very bountiful His affections were also much raised to Charity as by the Almshouse he erected appears and his Works shew him to be a great getter But leaving no Issue to propagate his name he built a fair House by Charing-cross to continue it which it lost soon after his death being called Suffolk-house for a time and now is Northumberland-house Such changes there are in the Worlds measures His Body was carried to be buried at Dover because he was Warden of the Cinque-Ports as was reported by some of his Followers but it was vulgarly rumored to be transported to Rome But these actions of his about Overbury lying dormant made no great noise at this time against him but when they broke out they laid upon his name as great a stench as Infamy or Oaium could produce SUFFOLK HOUSE CHARING CROSS The Spaniards the first discoverers being more covetous to grasp than well able to plant took possession of the most precious places so that the English French and Dutch caught but what they left Sir Walter Rawleigh and others after Sir Francis Drake found out that Country now called Virginia which was long since planted with a Colony And in that tract of Land more Northerly within the degrees of 40 and 48 of latitude lies new-New-England a Climate temperate and healthful but not so much as the Old It is rather a low than a high Land full of Rocky-Capes or Promontories The Inmost parts of the Country are Mountainous intermixt with fruitful Vallies and large Lakes which want not store of good Fish The Hills are no where Barren though in some places Stony but fruitful in Trees and Grass There are many Rivers fresh Brooks and Springs that run into the Sea The Rivers are good Harbors and abound with plenty of excellent Fish yet are they full of Falls which makes them not Navigable far into the Land The Seas bordering the Shores are studded with Islands about which great Shoals of Fishes Cod Haddock and such like do wantonly sport themselves The main Land doth nourish abundance of Deers Bears Wolves and a beast called Moose peculiar to those Regions and the Rivers and Ponds are stored with some Beavers Otters and Musquashes There are also divers kinds of small Beasts but the most offensive are Foxes Fowls there are store in their several seasons as Turkies Geese and Ducks and the soyl naturally produces wild Vines with very large Bunches of Grapes but the extremity of heat and cold hinder their just temper There are many other Fruits which are very good with Plants whose Rinds or Barks transcends our Hemp or Flax both Air and Earth concurring to bring forth most things that Industry and Art can provide for the use of man The first that sent a Colony into this Country was the Lord Chief Justice Popham in the year 1606. A man highly renowned in his time for persecuting such as transgressed the Laws among Christians living like Beasts of prey to the prejudice of Travellers And in this he had a special aim and hope also to establish Christian Laws among Infidels and by domestical to chace away those ferous and indomitable Creatures that infested the Land Brave and gallant spirits having ever such publick ends But Planters are like Alchymists they have something in projection that many times fails in production It is conceived the Romans were not well advised to settle one of their first Colonies at Maldon in Essex whose soyl about is neither yet sound nor Air salubrious And the first opening of ground in a Climate not Natural hath an extraordinary operation upon the Bodies of Men whose Senses must comply to give entertainment to a Stranger that often spoils the place where it finds Hospitality For the first Planters of New-England having seated themselves low few of them were left to direct those that succeeded in a better way Yet People by dear experience overcame it by degrees being yearly supplied by men whose industry and affections taught them there was more hope to find safety in New-England than in the Old Though these found some stop yet our great Favourite the Earl of Somerset and his business runs smoothly without rub since Overburies death But he must alter his Bias and go less or find some new ways to bring in Monies the Revenues of the Crown are not competent to maintain such vast Expences accumulated by his Riot though he had all the Earl of Westmorelands Lands at his Marriage and Creation added to his Earldom There must be therefore a new Order of Baronets made in number two hundred that must be next Degree to Barons and these must pay a thousand pound a piece for their Honour having it by Patent under the great Seal and continued to Posterity with the Title of Knights Some of these new Honourable men whose Wives pride and their own Prodigalities had pumpt up to it were so drained that they had not moisture to maintain the radical humour but wither'd no nothing This money thus raised is pretended for planting the North of Ireland but it found many other Chanels before it came to that Sea And though at our Kings first access to the Crown there was a glut of Knights made yet after some time he held his hand left the Kingdom should be cloyed with them And the World thriv'd so well with some that the price was afterwards brought
and run home again from the Granadoes With these five Ships they daily attended the Armada of Spain and had they set upon them their Force divided one half being in Orinoque a hundred and fifty miles from them they in Trinidado had not only been indangered but all those in the River had also perished And though these five Ships with the General were but of little Defence against so strong a power as the King of Spain's Gallions yet they would have given them their hands full for they were all resolved to have burned and died by their sides But the Armada staid for them at Margarita by which Island they expected them to pass towards the Indies For the King unwilling to displease his Brother of Spain commanded Sir Walter Raleigh upon his Allegiance before he went out to set down under his hand the Country and the River which he was to enter the compleat number of his Men the burthen of his Ships and what Ordnance every Ship carried which being made known to the Count Gondemar the Spanish Ambassador here and by him in Post to the King of Spain A Dispatch was made by that King to the Indies and his Letters sent from Madrid before Sir Walter Raleigh with his Fleet departed out of the River Thames For the first Letter sent by a Bark of Advice was dated the 19th of March 1617. at Madrid The second Letter was sent by a Carvell to Diego de Palomeque at Trinidado The third Letter by the Bishop of Puerto Rico and the fourth was sent by the Farmer and Secretary of the Customs at the same time By that of the King's hand there was also a Commission for the speedy leavying of three thousand men and ten pieces of Ordnance to be sent from Puerto Rico for the defence of Guiana These Provisions were made to entertain the English and had they met them they would have found a harsh Banquet But the Spaniards at Saint Thome their Supplies being not come were not so numerous as to defend both the Town and the Passages to the Mines therefore they quitted the Town and fortified the way to the Mines near the Town But the Passages leading to the Mine that Kemish had in his Eye were Aspera fragosa as Sir Walter Raleigh exprest them and Kemish found the River so low that he could not approach the banks in most places near the Mine by a mile and where he found an ascent a Volley of Musquets came from the Woods and at one time slew two of the Rowers hurt six others and shot a valiant Gentleman Captain Thornhurst in the head of which he with great difficulty recovered Kemish seeing so much hazard in attempting to find the Mine the Passage to it being full of thick and impassable Woods and thinking the English that were left in the Town of Saint Thome would not be able to defend it especially if the Enemy should be recruited the Country being all in Alarum he gave over the Enterprise and returned For if he should have discovered the Mine he had no men as he pretended to work in it and being a great way up into the Land men would have been got thither with much danger and difficulty And that was true The Spaniards themselves complain for want of Negroes to work in their Mines for the Indians cannot be constrained by a Law of Charles the Fifth and the Spaniards will not neither can they endure the labour But this was ill advised to take so much pains and run so much hazard to get and possess that which when they had it they could not make use of it so that which Kemish pleaded when he returned for an excuse reflected upon him as a great miscarriage As soon as he came to Saint Thome the English pillaged the Town carried away the best and most portable things and the Enemy not daring to appear for the Redemption of it they set it a-fire leaving behind them an infinite masse of Treasure which either for want of knowledge or power they could not attain to For there were two Gold Mines near the Town the one possessed by Roderigo de Parama the other by Herman Frontino and a Silver Mine by Francisco Fashardo to preserve and fortifie which they imployed all their strength and industry so that they needed not have gone so far up the River to find a new Mine when they had so many nearer them that either ignorance or want of strength made them neglect The General with the news of the death of his Son and Kemishe's return without effecting his work was perplexed to the very soul telling Kemish he had undone him and wounded his credit with the King past recovery but he must think he told him to bear the weight of the King's anger as well as himself for he must a vow that Kemish knew the Mine and that with little loss he might have possessed it Kemish much troubled in his mind retires to his Cabin which he had in the General s Ship and presently after his being there he shot himself with a Pistol the General hearing the noise askt what Pistol it was Answer was made that Captain Kemish shot it off in his Cabin to cleanse it but Kemishe's man going into the Cabin found his Master lying in his own blood the Pistol having a little bullet did only crack the rib which being too slow for his fury he desperately thrust a knife in after it up to the haft and with him the Glory of the Voyage expired For the Design being thus broken the Ships leaky Victuals failing and missing of those golden showers they gaped after that Radical moisture which fills the veins of the affections and gives life and vigor to all actions some of the men began to mutiny against the General others were for him some would have him go home others would have him stay the major part forced him to swear not to go home but by their allowance and yet his Ships dwindled away one after another his strength was best discovered by his weakness ten Ships being reduced to four and those would do what they list Some would go for Italy some for France few for England fearing the Spanish Power there more than they did in the Indies Thus they were shatter'd in judgment with a greater Tempest than the Seas or Winds could produce Miserable is that Government where the Multitude is Master At last he is brought to Kinsale in Ireland The news of taking and burning St. Thome coming to Gondemar he besieges and as it were assaults the King with importunity for Reparation For he was a man not only of an insinuating and glosing spirit but of a violent and fiery temper when any cross accident blew up the humor The matter is aggravated with the highest circumstances by those of the Spanish Faction as if this irruption of Raleigh's not only tended to the breach of the Treaty of Marriage betwixt Prince Charles
and the Infanta of Spain that was then in motion but to the infringement of the Peace and Amity established betwixt the two Crowns The King's fears being heightned to Anger he disavows the Action and lest others of his Subjects should by this example take the boldness to attempt the like Hostility against the King of Spain he puts out a Proclamation wherein he shews his detestation of such proceedings and threatens severe punishment to the enterprisers thereby to deter them Which gave Gondemar some satisfaction whose design being only to get Sir Walter Raleigh home after this brush vented little passion but so cunningly skinned over his malice that when Raleigh was in Ireland he found nor heard of no such great difficulties Dangers often flying upon the wings of rumor but that he might appear in England and the men not willing to be banished their own Country though some of them had France in their eye put in at Plimouth Raleigh was no sooner ashore but he had private intimation which gave him cause to suspect the smoothness of this beginning would have a rough end therefore he attempted an escape from â—hence in a bark of Rochel But being apprehended by Sir Lewis Stukly his Kinsman who had private warrant and instructions to that purpose so unnatural and servile is the spirit when it hath an allay of baseness there being many others sitter for that employment he is brought to London and recommitted to the Tower He was no sooner in the Tower but all his Transactions in this business are put to the Rack and tenter'd by his Adversaries They say he knew of no Mine nor did Kemish know that the Mine he aimed at was Gold but Kemish bringing him a piece of Ore into the Tower he fobb'd a piece of Gold into it in dissolving making the poor man believe the Ore was right that by these golden degrees he might ascend to Liberty promising the King to fetch it where never Spaniard had been But when Kemish found by better experience he was couzen'd by Raleigh he came back from the Mine And Raleigh knowing that none but Kemish could accuse him made him away This Vizard was put upon the face of the Action and all the weight of the Miscarriage was laid upon Raleigh's shoulders Gonaemar that looked upon him as a man that had not only high Abilities but Animosity enough to do his Master mischief being one of those Scourges which that old Virago the late Queen as he called her used to afflict the Spaniards with having gotten him into this Trap laid now his baits about the King There is a strange virtue in this spirit of Sol the intenseness makes men firm the ductilness brings them to be active French Crowns are not so pure not so piercing as Spanish Pistols Auri sacra fames quid non mortalia pectora cogis The King that loved his Peace is incensed by them that loved their Profit and the poor Gentleman must lay down the price of his life upon the old Reckoning Raleigh answered That he was told by his Council that Iudgment was void by the Commission his Majesty was pleased to give him since under the Great Seal for his last Employment which did give him a new vigour and life to that service The Lord chief Justice replyed that he was deceived and that the opinion of the Court was to the contrary Then he desired that some reasonable time might be allowed him to prepare for Death but it was answered That the time appointed was the next morning and it was not to be doubted but he had prepared himself for death long since Raleigh having a courageous spirit finding the bent of the King's mind and knowing Disputes to be in vain where Controversies are determined acquiesc'd was conveyed to the Gatehouse and the day following was brought to the Old Palace yard at Westminster and upon a Scaffold there erected lost his head He had in the outward man a good presence in a handsom and well-compacted person a strong natural wit and a better judgment with a bold and plausible tongue whereby he could set off his parts to the best advantage And to these he had the Adjuncts of general Learning which by Diligence and Experience those two great Tutors being now threescore years of age was augmented to a great perfection being an indefatigable Reader and having a very retentive memory At his Arraignment at Winchester his carriage to his Judges was with great discretion humble yet not prostrate dutiful yet not dejected Towards the Iury affable but not fawning not in despair nor believing but hoping in them carefully perswading them with Reasons not distemperately importuning them with Conjurations rather shewing love of life than fear of death Towards the King's Council patient but not insensible neglecting nor yielding to Imputations laid against him in words which Sir Edward Cook then the King's Attorney belched out freely and it was wondred a man of his high spirit could be so humble in suffering not being much overtaken in passion And now at his last when Deeth was presented before him he looked upon it without affrightment striving to vindicate his Actions by taking off the veil that false Reports had cast upon them especially the Imputation of his glorying and rejoycing in the fall at the death of the laâ—e E. of Essex which had stuck so many years in his breast this new miscarriage of Kemish's of a later date imputed to him for having provided himself privately for heaven clearing his Accounts with God before he came to the Scaffold He publickly at last reckon'd with man being to quit all soores and so made an end Times of Peace are accounted the happiest times and though they are great Blessings proceeding from the influence of supreme Mercy and the showers of Grace yet the branches of the Tree of Knowledge growing by this Sun shine for want of due pruning do often become so exuberant that their very fruits are not only their burthen but sometimes their ruin Prosperity is of an Airy constitution carried about with the breath of strange fancies which mount sometimes as high as Omnipotency but there finding-resistance they come down amain and beat the lower Region with a Tempest of Strife and Malice When the Romans wanted Enemies they digged them out of their own bowels Active Spirits will be set on work Our Neighbours of the Netherlands that had so long bounded the Spanish Power humbled their Pride so far as to acknowledg them a Free-State before they would so much as listen to an Overture of Peace had a fire kindled in their own bosomes It is now some time since the 12 years Truce betwixt Spain them began being in the Wain last Quarter While they had their hands full of business they had not their heads full of old Curiosities Now like Plethorique bodies that want letting blood they break out into distemper A Schism in the Church
the Mosell but the Prince to divert the Enemies intelligence upon the sixteenth of September drew two miles back from Coblentz and past the Rhine in Punts a kind of Liter advancing forward on the other side of the River three English miles that night to a Village called Hembach where the Foot stayed till the Horse past the River And this sudden change of resolution was one of Prince Henry's Master-pieces for he knew from Collen Spinola would have intelligence by Curriers which way the bent of their march tended and they had the Mosell in their eye all the way but the Rhine in intention In the Halt before Coblentz one bullet among others from the Town past between General Vere and the Earl of Essex standing together and hit a Gentleman called Flood on the elbow The cause of shooting from thence as was conceived proceeded from a Skirmish the night before that happened betwixt some English and the Country People of an adjoyning Village on the Mosell for Captain Fairfax being sent with a Squadron to them in a peaceable manner to desire the accommodation of bread and wine for Money the Bores shot at him and hurt some of his men but he stoutly advancing to them they took their Boats and hasted down to Coblentz Some of the Bores were reported to be slain for which Fairfax upon the Prince's complaint was committed to give the Country satisfaction but the next day released MAURITS PRINS VAN ORANJE Benssheim Spinola finding himself deluded on one side of the Rhine past the River Main with all his Horse and four thousand Foot intending to snap them on the other but the stream being too high his Waggons with Munition took wet and some Field-peices miscarried which could not be recovered with the loss of some of his men which disasters happening they admonished him to a retreat otherwise in all probability he had cut off those Forces before they could have joyned with the Princes of the Union The 24 of September Prince Henry with his Horse and General Vere with the Foot past the River Main at a Ford not far from Frankford the Foot for the most part marching up to the middle through the stream and that night they stood in Arms having two Alarums of Spinola's approach not hearing yet he was retired The next day they had a long march to recover Darmstat one half of which Town belongs to the King of Bohemia the other part to the Landsgrave of Hessen There Prince Henry and the Dutch Companies left the English and returned into the Netherlands again and fifteen hundred German Horse commanded by Colonel Megan met them by order from the Princes of the Union The 27 of September they came to Beinsheim being the first intire Town in the Palatinate they arrived at and upon the first of October past over the Rhine by Worms upon a Bridge of Boats and that day were met by the Marquess of Ansbach and some others of the Princes of the Union who stayed to see them march by wondering at the gallantry of such Foot who were with them the meanest of the people After two days rest the Princes with part of their Army being 4000 Horse and 6000 Foot joyned with the English and together marched towards Altzi a Town in the Palatinate that the Enemy had taken in which they intended to surprize But hearing by their Scouts that the Enemy had quitted the Town as not tenable and that Spinola with his whole Army was marching towards them they faced about to make his way the shorter and within three hours their Scouts and the Enemies were in Skirmish but the German Princes not having their whole Army were not forward to engage Spinola seeing them march towards him being as weary as they took the advantage of a Hill and forced their Horse with his Cannon to retreat but the Princes drew their Cannon up another Hill on the right hand of the Enemy there being a large bottom and a hill of Vineyards betwixt the two Armies which were not visible but from thence for the one Hill drowned the other to them in the bottom As soon as they saw how the Enemy strove to secure himself and that he was loth to come on they judged their strength not to be great and therefore took a resolution to set upon them The Dutch in curtesie yielded the Vanguard to the English which before they stood upon as a Punctilio of honor The English General drew out of every Division fourscore Musqueteers to give the On-set who were incouraged by that Reverend Divine Doctor Burges of whom mention is formerly made who accompanied the General from England and was an instrument of much good to that Regiment though they needed no incouragement at that time being spirits willingly prepared for such enterprises AMBROSIVS SPINOLA DVX S. SEVERINO PRINC SARLVAL MARCH BENAFRO The next day they marched to Quarters again where the Soldiers found the Country Roots Fruits and Wine in the Must no good preservatives But after they had stayed by it seven or eight days Spinola led them a dance for digestion pretending for Keisars Luther a Town in the borders of the Palatinate which made the Princes advance their whole body to attend him but as they drew near he retreated so that they sported with one another as children at Seek and Find though neither of their Armies could be much pleased with the sharp frosty nights those desolate and naked Hills exposed them to upon the top of one of them the English Commanders one night burnt a great many of their Wagons to warm them the Frost was so violent and the Soldiers lay in heaps upon the ground close together like sheep cover'd as it were with a sheet of snow Yet they spent the time thus till their Stoves summon'd them to warmer lodging And the English Regiment was disposed into three principal Garrisons General Vere commanded in Manheim Sir Gerard Herbert in Heidelburgh and Serjeant-Major Burrows in Frankindale imprisoning themselves in Walls while the Enemy romed round about them and they had only power to preserve themselves For the Princes of the Unions Forces were garrison'd in their several Countries I have the more particularly described this Expedition because I was an eye-witness of what passed and if we had not had an allay of Dutch dulness the Spaniard could not have carved to himself so great a share in that Country and their opposers had not mouldred away their Forces as they did afterwards which makes this Relation harsh and unpleasing But there was a Divine Fate attended not only this Country but all Germany For the Almighty Wisdom that is the Author of all Revolutions in the World hath his set times for changes which often tends to the imbettering of it For all the Northern Conquests of the Goths Huns Vandals Scyths and other baâ—barous Nations were to corroborate the Southern bodies wasted with Ease and Luxury And now in Germany a
in that manner So that Cottington's business was quite perverted for whereas he came to complain of the wrongs his Lordship had received he was now driven to excuse the Error he had committed So that the Duke of Lerma left him in his old House a day or two to consider well of it and then the Conde de Salazar one of the King 's Major Domos was sent to accompany him to the Court These were the Glories of the Spanish entertainments the Honour they gave the English and the ground work of that Union betwixt the Nations whereon they built up some great formalities which like Royal shadows vanished in the end and came to nothing As the Lord Digby is sent into Spain to smooth the way over the Pyrene so Gage is sent to Rome to make the Alpes accessible for the Dispensation must be had from thence for the Marriage That Man of sin is the Primum mobile he turns about all inferiour Orbs at his pleasure usurping a Terrene Deity and holds it by the chains of conscience even now when the light of Learning and Knowledge with a marvelous influence shines over the Christian World At home the Prisons are set open Priests and Iesuits walk about at noon day to deceive And Gondemar vaunts of four thousand Recusants that his intercession had released either to make his service the more acceptable to his Master or to let him see how willing Our King is to do any thing to advance that Match that they never intend Who is not so nice but that he can stay for a Dispensation from Rome to expedite which he writes to some of the activest Cardinals there and receives answers from them by Gage his Agent full of alluring Hopes And that he might give some more publick Testimony of his indulgence He commands Dr. Williams Bishop of Lincoln then Lord Keeper of the great Seal of England to pass Writs under the great Seal to require the Iudges of every Circuit to enlarge all such Papists as were imprisoned for Recusancy Whereupon the Lord Keeper issued out these Writs and to let the Iudges see how well he was pleased with this command he Corroborates their Authority with this Letter signed with his own hand AFter my hearty commendations to you His Majesty having resolved out of deep reasons of State and in expectations of like Correspondence from foreign Princes to the Professors of our Religion to grant some Grace and Connivence to the imprisoned Papists of this Kingdom hath commanded me to pass some Writs under the broad Seal to that purpose Requiring the Judges of every Circuit to enlarge the said Prisoners according to the tenor and effect of the same I am to give you to understand from his Majesty how his Majestie 's Royal pleasure is that upon Receipt of these Writs you shall make no niceness or difficulty to extend that his Princely favour to all such Papists as you shall find prisoners in the Goals of your Circuits for any Church Recusancy whatsoever or refusing the Oath of Supremacy or dispersing Popish Books or hearing saying of Mass or any other point of Recusancy which doth touch or concern Religion only and not Matters of State And so I bid you farewel Your loving friend JO. LINCOLN Westminster Coll. 2 Aug. 1622. This Bishop succeeded the Lord Verulam not as Chancellor but Keeper of the great Seal he having been by Buckingham's means made Dean of Westminster and Bishop of Lincoln upon Neils remove to Durham and for a long time had very gracious acceptance with the Countess of Buckingham who was a great means to smooth his passage to all these places and the Marquess her Son was the rather induced to it because he was his creature and could mould him as he thought to serve his own turn though when he had sifted and tried him he found some Pharisaical leaven in him and afterwards in the next King's Reign threw him by For though he were composed of many grains of good Learning yet the Height of his Spirit I will not say Pride made him odious even to those that raised him happily because they could not attain to those Ends by him that they required of him For great and good Officers ought to be just to their own principles and not deviate from them for any wordly Respects William Arch-B of Canterbury Primate of all England etc. But that which heightned him most in the Opinion of those that knew him best was his bountiful Mind to Men in Want being a great Patron to support where there was Merit that wanted supply Among the rest Monsieur de Molin a very famous Minister of France in the persecution there driven into England for Refuge The Bishop hearing of him spoke to Doctor Hacket his Chaplain to make him a Visit from him And because saith he I think the Man may be in Want in a strange Country carry him some Money not naming the Sum because he would sound the depths of his Chaplain's mind Doctor Hacket finding the Bishop nominate no proportion told him he could not give him less than twenty pound I did demur upon the Sum said the Bishop to try you Is twenty pound a fit gift for me to give a man of his parts and deserts Take a hundred pounds and present it from me and tell him he shall not want and I will come shortly and visit him my self Which he after performed and made good his Promise in supplying him during his abode in England But these great Actions were not publickly visible those were more apparent that were looked on with an Envious rather than an Emulous Eye For the close and intimate Correspondence that was betwixt this Bishop and the old Countess set many scurrilous tongues and Pens a work though he was as I have been assured Eunuchus ad Utero which shews that nothing can prevent Malice but such an innocence as it cannot lay hold on For it hath ever been accounted a crime not to endeavour to prevent the voice of Calumny His breach with Land Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and the disgraces put upon him by the Court will not fall in here nor his closing again and Strugling when he saw the Axe laid to the Root of Episcopacy But by this man's Actions as in a Mirror may be seen that a great Estate which besides his bounty his places procured him is a liquorish Temptation to make a Proteus-like vary from one shape to another and to shape no direct course but to go still as the wind blows Not long before this that Reverend Prelate George Arch-Bishop of Canterbury a man of a holy and unblamable life medling with edged Tools that he used not to handle in his Study by a sad accident killed a keeper with a forked arrow as he was shooting at a Dear This was a great perplexity to the good man and a heavy Knell to his Aged Spirit which he petitioned the King might ring a
Error theirs Therefore he plied it by his Ambassadors and Agents and all indulgences to Recusants were admitted to sweeten their Addresses The Lord Vaux a Papist had freedom to transport four thousand English to reinforce the King of Spain's Armies both against our King's Confederates of Holland under whose protection his banished Children had refuge and against their Country it self the Palatinate which the King so much endeavoured to preserve The Articles of Marriage had taken up much time in debate between the Commissioners of the two Kings before they could be brought to any form and the principal Articles that concerned Religion had many various shapes put upon them till they were drest to their minds And when they were fitted and fashioned by them the Pope stript them naked and put upon them what Garment they pleased He hath his Index expurgatorius in every thing And to dead our King's hopes the Pope urges Quod Ecclesiastici nullis legibus subjaceant nisi sourum superiorum Ecclesiasticorum That the Ecclesiasticks should be subject to no Laws but what they brought along with them which gave liberty to do what they pleased and to be punished for their ill doing how they pleased That the children of the Infanta might be brought up in the Popish Religion Usque ad Annos nubiles till it be well rooted in them And that she might have a publick Church in the City for all comers besides her Chappel in the Court which extended to little less than an open Toleration Some other Rubs the Pope threw in the way which the King stumbled at not being in the Articles treated on betwixt him and the King of Spain which He insists on to that King disclaims any Treaty with the Pope though his Agent Gage made daily addresses to him by Cardinal Bandino with whom Our King held correspondence And He requires the Lord Digby in Spain to press that King to a final Resolution that he might provide some other Match for his Son if this should not succeed For saith He We have in a manner already done that which is desired as all the Roman Catholicks have found which if the Pope had known it is to be presumed he would not so much have insisted upon these points And the sending and resending betwixt Spain and Rome and Rome and Spain spends time and may serve for a colour to draw the Treaty in infinitum But yet willing he was to have some Anchor-hold for his hopes for in the same Letter he saith Nevertheless if you find it a thing impossible for them to resolve without a reply to Rome and that they do earnestly desire it We are contented that you shall yield them two months time after your Audience and longer we cannot expect These Resolutions were sent Post into Spain inclosed in this following Letter which is very necessary to be inserted here though taken from Mr. Prin's Collection who had this and others among the Lord Cottington's Papers a great Agent afterwards in the Spanish Affairs and are the bitter Kernel preserved by Cottington when the Shell of the Treaty was broken RIght Trusty c. Your dispatch of the ninth of August gave Us so much Contentment and so great Hopes of Satisfaction in all those Business which you have there to Treat with that King as we could not expect any further Difficulties Notwithstanding by that which hath come to Our hands immediately after as well by George Gage from Rome as by our Ambassador Sir Richard Weston at Bruxels and Our Ministers in the Palatinate We find that neither the Dispensation is granted for the Match nor the Treaty of Cessation so near a conclusion as We conceived it would have been now that the Auxiliaries and all other Obstacles are removed But on the contrary side that new delays and excuses are invented Our Garisons in the Palatinate in the mean time blocked up Heidelburg it self Actually besieged Which proceeding though Our Ambassador hath expostulated with the Infanta and the Commissioners as injurious to Us and ill beseeming their Professions hitherto yet is there not that readiness shewed to give Us such contentment therein as We might justly expect but Answers still protracted and put off for advantage whilst Our Forces there remain in great Distress and the Town and Castle of Heidelburg likely in a few Daies to be lost for it cannot hold out long as We are informed This dealing seems the more strange unto Us for that the late Dispatch of the King of Spain was before the news of the Siege and that Our Ambassador had propounded any thing concerning it come unto the Infanta But because you shall be particularly informed of the whole carriage of the business We have given order that copies shall be sent you of all the Dispatch and then you shall see how these proceedings agree with the Hopes and Promises which are given Us from thence Hereupon therefore Our pleasure is That you shall immediately and with as much speed as you may crave Audience of that King and represent unto him the merit which We may justly challenge unto Our self for Our sincere proceedings with the Emperor and Him in all the course of this business notwithstanding the many invitations and temptations which We have had to engage Our self on Our Son-in-law's part That We have had both from the Emperor and him hopes given Us from time to time of extraordinary Respect howsoever Our Son-in-law had deserved which We have attended and expected even to the very last with much Patience and in despight as it were of all the opposition that hath All flesh is grass the best men vanity This but a shadow here before thine eye Of him whose wondrous changes clearly show That GOD not men swayes all things here below been made to shake our Resolution in that behalf If now when all impediments are removed and that the way is so prepared as that the Emperor may give an end unto the War and make some present demonstration of his Respects towards us in leaving Us the Honour of holding those poor places which yet remain quietly and peaceably until the general accommodation the same shall nevertheless be violently taken from Us what can We look for when the whole shall be in his hands and possession who amusing Us with a Treaty of Cessation and protracting it industriously as We have reason to believe doth in the mean time seize himself of the whole Country which being done Our Ambassador shall return with Scorn and We remain with Dishonour I shall not need to furnish you with Arguments for the unfolding and laying open this unfriendly Dealing more plainly unto them your own Reason and observation will find enough out of the Dispatches whereof Copies are sent unto you as namely the withdrawing of the Spanish forces and leaving the business wholly in the hands of the Emperor and the Duke of Bavaria The Style of the Infanta in answering Our Ambassador
the violence of foul weather split in pieces Mansfeldt and some of his followers with difficulty escaping in her long Boat got aboard a Pink that brought him into England the Captain and the rest of the company attending the Ships fate were swallowed up in the Sea While Mansfeldt remained in England after some few nights he was lodged at Saint Iames's the Prince's house served and attended in great State by some of the King's Officers and feasted by divers of the Nobility with much magnificence In which time a Press went through the Kingdom for raising twelve thousand foot which with some Cavalry that Mansfeldt expected in Germany and France would make up the Body of a considerable Mansfeldt's design was to go into Germany through France and he had fair Promises from thence not only of admission to pass through the Country but assistance from it These 12000 were digested into Six Regiments The Collonels were the Earl of Lincoln The Lord Doncaster eldest Son to the Earl of Carlile The Lord Cromwel Sir Charles Rich Sir Iohn Burrows late Governour of Frankendale and Collonel Grey a Scotchman that had been an old German Commander one that affected Buff in the time of Peace and wore it in the face of the Court which the King seeing him in and a case of Pistols at his girdle which he never well liked of he told him merrily He was now so fortified that if he were but well victualled he would be impregnable Two Troops of Horse were also raised for this service the Earl of Lincoln had the command of the one and one Gunter an ordinary Horse-Rider was thought the fittest man to command the other as if none could command Horse but such as could make them curvet in a Riding-House And the Ignorance of these times shews that unpractical Reason cannot put forth itself to the height being bound up for want of Exercise for we set a Valuation and esteem upon German and French Horse when like them we knew not our own strength for there are not in the World a more gallant Cavalry both for the Activity of the Riders and Ability of the Horses than may be formed in England as experience hath lately demonstrated These being already in Kent for Transport about the beginning of February and Shipping provided the French began to falter in their Promises notwithstanding Our intimate Correspondence by the Treaty of Marriage agreed on pleading many inconveniencies in the passing of an Army through the Country and the more because Our Men were so unruly in Kent where some of them were tryed by Marshal-Law what would they be then in a strange Country These being but demurs not denials the whole Army is Shipped and put over to Callais to wait the French leisure but the charge of Shipping being above a hundred Sail that attended that service required more speed than their faint and sickly Promises did expedite for the French dallying with them and delaying them happily upon Design the Queen of France being then more affected to the Spanish and a less enemy to her blood and kindred than they have found her since after a long stay Mansfeldt was forced to leave the hopes of his French Horse and sail with his Army into Zealand There the Soldiers lay at the Ramkins a long time in their Ships not suffered to land for the States not dreaming of such a Body of men could not determine suddenly what to do with them besides the Inland waters being frozen Provisions would grow short for their own Army much more for them After some stay in Zealand they sailed up to Guertenberg in Brabant which Town being not well provided with Victuals they were not suffered to land but continuing on Shipboard the Ships stuffed and pestred with men wanting Meat and all manner of Necessaries such a Stench and Pestilence grew among them that they were thrown into the Sea by multitudes so that many hundreds if I may not say thousands beaten upon Shores had their bowels eaten out with Dogs and Swine to the Horror of the Beholders Those bodies that drive up near those Towns where the English were had great pits made for them wherein being thrown by heaps they were cover'd with earth but upon those shores where they were neglected as they were in many parts of Holland a great Contagion followed And of Mansfeldt's twelve thousand men scarce the moity landed This Winter Quarter at Rosendale was also fatal to the Earl of Southampton and the Lord Wriothsley his Son Being both sick there together of burning Feavers the violence of which distemper wrought most vigorously upon the heat of youth overcoming the Son first and the drooping Father having overcome the feaver departed from Rosendale with an intention to bring his Son's body into England but at Berghen ap Zome he dyed of a Lethargy in the view and presence of the Relator and were both in one small bark brought to Southampton PRAENOBIL Dê° HENRIC VRIOTHESLEY COMI SOUTHAMPTON BAR TITCHFEILDIAE ETC. Right Honourable and most noble HENRY Wriothsley Earle of Southampton Baron of Titchfeild Knight of the most nob Ord of the Garter The Marquess Hamilton died before Our King suspected to be poisoned the Symptoms being very presumptuous his head and body swelling to an excessive greatness the body being all over full of great blisters with variety of Colours the hair of his Head Eye-brows and Beard came off being touched and brought the Skin with them and there was a great Clamor of it about the Court so that Doctors were sent to view the Body but the matter was hudled up and little spoken of it only Doctor Eglisham a Scotch-man was something bitter against the Duke as if he had been the Author of it The Marquesses Son had a little before married the Earl of Denbigh's Daughter who was the Duke of Buckingham's Neece and yet this Tie could not oblige a friendship betwixt them because thee Marquess was averse to the Marriage This Distance and other Discontents occasioned some tumorous Discourses which reflected much upon the Duke but they never broke out in this King's time being bound up close as it was thought more by the Duke's Power than his Innocency And not long after him whether our King's care for his Grand-children or the hazard and danger of his own Person at home being ever full of fears or his ingagement in a War abroad being contrary to his very Nature or whether his full feeding and continual use of sweet Wines which he abundantly affected set the gross Humors a work or what other Accident caused his Distemper is uncertain but he fell sick of a Tertian Ague which is not dangerous in the Spring if we believe the Proverb and had some few fits of it After which he fell into a Feaver which was too violent for him A little before his Death he called for the Prince his Son who rising out of his bed something before day and