Selected quad for the lemma: country_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
country_n	england_n	king_n	return_v	2,853	5	6.9533	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A52534	Campania fœlix, or, A discourse of the benefits and improvements of husbandry containing directions for all manner of tillage, pasturage, and plantation : as also for the making of cyder and perry : with some considerations upon I. Justices of the peace and inferior officers, II. On inns and alehouses, III. On servants and labourers, IV. On the poor : to which are added two essays : I. Of a country-house, II. Of the fuel of London / by Tim. Nourse, gent.	Nourse, Timothy, d. 1699.	1700 (1700)	Wing N1416; ESTC R30752	181,404	370

People receive double Dammage not only in being forced many times to be sur-charg'd with that which perhaps they have no great need of but being ignorant likewise of the Quality and Value of such stale half-rotten Ware they dare not make their Terms with Men who have the Power of their Purse but must submit themselves to the Conscience and Honesty of a Shop-keeper's Word which upon my word too will many times ply and enlarge it self not to the Necessity of the Buyer but to the Interest of the Seller The Persons who are the greatest Objects of Charity are young Orphans or the super-numerary Children of Poor People or Labourers as likewise expos'd Children sick and maimd People and such as are broken with Age or such as are reduc'd to Want by the Accidents of Fortune and perhaps are asham'd to expose their Misery as having liv'd sometimes possibly in some Credit and Fashion There are another sort of Poor likewise which ought truly to be provided for I mean our lusty sturdy vagrant Beggars of both Sexes These rambling from House to House are constant Retainers to all lousie Inns and Ale-houses and are the best Informers that Highway-men and Burglares can rely upon and many times pick a Pocket break a House steal a Horse and cut a Throat with as much dexterity as the best Professors of these Arts. They colour their Rogueries under the Disguise of Tinkers Crale-Carriers Ragmen Inkle or Starch-Sellers Net-weavers Travellers c. For whom our Laws 't is true have made some small Provision but for want of a just distribution such pilfring Vagabonds are found to swarm every where It would be much better if an old Law of Valentinian the Emperour were reviv'd by which Every such Vagabond as was able to work became Prize to the next Freeman which met him and was enroll'd amongst his Servants or Slaves to Till his Ground during life to the end he might not cheat others by his Impostures and pretended Beggary Such a Law as this would be of more advantage to this Nation than any possibly now extant there being no place left for Remisness Affection or Partiality for if one should suffer such an Errant-Merchant to go free another would not fail to apprehend him and where a Man 's own Private Interest is a Law it can never happen that such a Law should want its due Execution Under this Head likewise we may reduce those whom we commonly call Egyptians or Fortune-Tellers They are called Egyptians I suppose from their dark tawny Complexion or from their pretended knowledge of the Heavens and their Destinies In Foreign Parts they are called Zingars which Name sounds as tho it were of a Tartar Extraction These People like the Tartars always professing a wandring Life Tho by the Vulgar they are called Gypsies a Gypso from that sooty Wash or Paint with which they stain their Hands and Faces These impudent Vagabonds have for a long time rambled over all parts of Christendome and as for those of this Tribe in England they are generally Broom-makers Sweep-Chimneys and the like and chiefly such as inhabite the Borough of Southwark who in the Summer-time for want of Employment wander about the Country having their King over them who commonly is some Broken-Merchant or well-experienced Pick-Pocket But this kind of Vermin or Insects does not swarm so much now-a-dahs as in former Ages To return therefore to such as are truly Poor 'T is certainly a very good work and very acceptable to Almighty God to relieve their Necessities but 't is without Dispute a better Work to prevent Men from falling into Poverty For Poverty in it self is a kind of Curse and is attended with Misery He who repairs a broken House deserves doubtless a good Reward but he deserves better from the hands of the Lord thereof who frames such a Building as shall never fall into decay The Dutch in this particular are well worthy our Imitation for by building Publick Work-houses whether of Correction or for the Education and Employment of Children they make the corrupt and excrementitious parts of the Body Politick as I may call them to contribute to their own support as well as to that of the Government Little Children which are either poor or expos'd are committed to Publick Work-houses as to Cloisters or Colledges and their tender Fingers are taught to work before they can well use their Tongues and being thus inur'd from their Infancy their Hands are much more ready and nimble whilst Labour and Industry grows up and augments with their Nature Even the Blind the Lame and the like have Works to be employ'd about For a blind Man may use his Arms in turning of Wheels or Grinding and he that is lame in h●s Legs may follow such Work as consists with si●ting as sewing knitting weaving and the like as he likewise who is maim'd in his Arms may be able to get his Living by the use of his Feet And let not such impotent People lie bawling in the Open Streets as they do continually in the Capital City of this Kingdom many of which Beggars get more Money and fare better than others by their honest Labour and Industry As for lesser Criminals as Pick-Pockets Petty-Larceny Pimps Common-Whores Sheep-Stealers Coney-Catchers Hedge-breakers and other the like Offenders whose Crimes deserve not Death 't were very good they were condemn'd to Bridewel for a Year or two or more as the Nature and Circumstances of their Crimes do require For by this means they would be made profitable to the Commonwealth whereas Whipping or Frizzing them a little in the Fist is a Punishment of no great Pain and of a short continuance and such cauteriz'd or Case-hardned Rogues as soon as out of Jayl are but the more confirm'd in their former Practices Some few indeed are secur'd to Transportation 'T is pity but there were more of them made to travel the same Road tho the best wa● I say would be to keep them to work in Houses of Correction since we have not Galleys as in other Countrys wherein to bestow such useless Lumber And here I cannot but think our Laws a little too merciful likewise in punishing Robbers on the High-way and Murderers For what by the Intercession which is made commonly for the pardoning such Offenders which indeed is no defect of the Law and what by the Contempt which a more obdurate Felon has of hanging so it is that such kind of Villains are always numerous Breaking upon the Wheel has been found in other Countries to be the best Expedient to diminish the number of Malefactors 'T is true this sort of Punishment carries the face of Cruelty in respect of him who suffers where a Man's Bones are broken to pieces and his Nerves and Sinews beaten to a Pulp which must needs be very dolorous and to continue so for twenty four hours or more perhaps must needs be very grievous to him who suffers and fearful to the Spectators But after

and Purpose 't would be a Diversion well worthy the Ingenuity of many Young Gentlemen who travel to be curious in observing what Fruits every Soil does yield as also the Nature and Complexion of the Soil the Temper of the Climate the Rules of their Husbandry the Tackle and Instruments they make use of as also their Methods of Manurement with what Returns they make of their Labours As for Curiosities of Plants Fruit-Trees Flowers and other Rarities of the Gardens brought over from Foreign Countries we have certainly as great a Collection as any Nation under Heaven there being none to be found which is so universally stor'd with all Provisions of this kind as is England and possibly some parts of the Low Countries which Benefit we have from the great Trade we drive in all Parts of the World so that whatsoever is rare is brought over and naturaliz'd amongst us being made free of our Soil The like Improvements might be made certainly in matters relating to Husbandry and Planting which would be of equal Pleasure with the Entertainments of a Garden and of infinite more Profit beyond all Dispute especially if we make choice of such Experiments and Observations as are already made by many excellent Persons of this latter Age in which this sort of Natural History seems to have obtain'd its utmost Perfection Out of all which Writings of our Modern Times a most excellent System or Body of Husbandry might be compiled than which nothing could be more reputable to the Undertaker nor more beneficial to the whole Kingdom Not that I think it Expedient that all Foreign Growths should be encourag'd for this in many cases may be detrimental as I shall shew hereafter especially when the Introduction of some things shall discredit and discourage the Growth of others only then 't will be beneficial to the Publick when 't is of such Productions as are imported on us from abroad for by this means we shall never be at any straits in time of War for what we want and our Disbursements will be less in the course and methods of Traffick I shall instance only in Three Things of which The First is The Planting of Hemp and Flax. 'T is known to all what Profit is made of the latter in Lombardy and some Parts of France the Growth of Flax being esteem'd equal to that of the richest Wines in Italy as being cultivated in the same rich Soil such as that in the State of Milan Parma Modena c. than which there cannot be a better upon Earth And when I consider that the Flax Trade and the Thread and Cloth made of it being a sedentary kind of Employment clean and fit for Ladies no doubt many nice Fingers which refuse to handle greasie Wooll might easily be invited hereunto And that this was the most honourable Vocation in which the Noblest Matrons and Virgins of Ancient Times were employed is abundantly evident from Ancient Records the Invention thereof being of Divine Extraction and ascrib'd to Minerva the like Esteem it has ever preserv'd to its self through all after Ages insomuch that all Virgins even of Royal Degree and Birth were and are still stiled Spinsters because this was the Business they were to profess and practice No wonder then if amongst the Familiars of the Nuptial Waggon amongst the Romans the Wheel and Distaff was ever the chiefest and most conspicuous And truly could the Profession of Spinning be separated from the Maiden State of the greatest Princesses the Salique Law would meet with an unlucky Rub or perhaps a Baffle when it bars the Distaff from Succession to the Crown by telling us that it cannot fall en quenouille The Advantage to the Kingdom arising from the Linnen Manufactures would be very great especially if young Children were inur'd hereunto from their Childhood for by that means their Fingers being then young and pliable would get such an Habit of working as Age it self could hardly wear away A Scheme of this Nature I have met with in a Book published by Captain Yarrington of Worcestershire a very knowing Projector from the Observations he made of the vast Advantages they found in Holland by these and such like Arts well worthy our Imitation such Children being there bred up in Working-Houses or Colledges under the Guard of honest vigilant and experienced Mistresses or Overseers Another thing of which it might be wish'd there were a Tryal made is that of the Silk Manufacture by planting of Mulberries which doubtless might be made to prosper in this our Island This likewise would be a very suitable Employment or Recreation rather for the more delicate of the other Sex who are so much taken with the Gawderies of Butterflies From whence also they may learn this Moral Lecture That as the greatest Ornaments and Lustre of their Bodies are the Spoils of Worms so the greatest Food for Worms will be upon the Spoils of their Bodies The Third Thing which I would recommend to be encourag'd is the Planting of Wallnut-Trees not for the Benefit of the Fruit to eat which is inconsiderable but for the Profit which might be made of the Oil which tho of little Use with us would be very well worth the Exportation it being amongst the poorer sort beyond-Sea some part of their Food and most serviceable to the Great Ones too in the Use they make of it to be Fuel for their Lamps especially in their Churches and almost in all Private Houses There is no Tree whatsoever growing in our English Soil whose Timber is so useful for Curious Furniture so that every Limb or Branch of a Wallnut-Tree which will but carry Three Inches Square is serviceable and of value Nor do I find that these Trees are of any Difficulty to be rais'd as to the choice of Ground nor subject to so much hazard as Oaks and other Trees upon Extremities of Weather All that can discourage the Tryal of them is the long Time we must wait for the Maturity of them which exceeds the common limits of an Age but since there is no more Care about them when they once begin to grow than about other common Trees which grow wild and natural it seems too great an Argument of a mean Spirit in a Man to measure all his Undertakings by the returns of Profit which he may expect in his own Life-time without regard to the future Advantages which his Heirs and After-Ages may reap from his Industry Tho in what I am now speaking of there is a great Pleasure and Satisfaction in seeing the gradual Advances of Nature and considerable Profit to be expected too by the Fruits they yield which will be still greater the longer they grow 'T is much to be wish'd likewise That the State would afford some Encouragement to Husbandry more than what we find at present by exempting it or at least by easing it as to the Publick Burthens especially for some Years upon any New Undertaking which shall be judg'd profitable to

in the wide and open Fields so that we may ride every where through plains of Corn a Mile or Two every way planted in Cross-walks and in double Ranks bordering upon the Corn on each side with a fine Carpet of Grass like an Alley of Twenty Yards breadth betwixt the Ranks such walks running many Times in a straight Line for a Mile or more together which is wonderful delightful The Reason why they are not in such danger of Blasts as we are here in England is from the clearness of the Air the Country being generally Sandy and the Winds more cooling as coming from the Continent or the Britannick Sea which lies North of them whereas with us the Island we live in is more subject to inequality of Weather and our Western Winds which reign almost half the Year by Intervals are always hot as coming from the main Ocean in those Parts of England I mean which are in Reputation for Cyder For the River Severne running South-West and widening it self in a very great Measure the nearer it draws to the Sea the Winds come up the River as it were convey'd by a Channel being restrain'd or pent betwixt the Forrest and Cotswold-Hills For which Reason 't is that Gloucester Worcester and Hereford-Shires the Three most celebrated Counties of England for Fruit lye in a manner expos'd to the full stroak of these South-West Winds which indeed are more furious and boisterous than any other Winds with us as blowing from the Main Ocean as it were by a Tunnell without any Eminence or Tract of Land to break its Violence which being hotter likewise by reason of the Southern Coast from whence they come than those of any other Quarter and at such Time as the Air is thick and foggy as generally it is in our Northern Islands the heat meeting with such an impure Air begets an Adust gloomy kind of Vapour like to Smoak which the Peasants call a Red Wind and this is that which blasts and destroys the tender Fruit and Blossoms In a Plantation or Orchard likewise great reguard is to be had to the distance of the Trees In a large Plantation for the purpose I would not have them to be set nearer then twenty Paces to one another nor wider then thirty that so there may be space for the Trees to spread and for the Corn to grow Likewise I would have the Ground laid down plain and not in Furrows or Ridges because of setting the Ranks streight and at an equal distance which those who plant upon the Tops of plow'd Lands cannot do being oblig'd to follow the turnings and windings of the Ridge And after the Stocks are well rooted as in Two or Three Years Time they will be then plowing up the Ground for Tillage is the best Method imaginable to bring on an Orchard For Trees will thrive more in Two Years on plow'd Ground than in five Years on Pasture Moreover in planting these Rules are to be observ'd 1st To put a good quantity of old black Mould to the Root of the Stock and to work it in well with the hand betwixt the Joints and Strings of the Root whose Branches must be cut slanting underneath so that the Bark may cover them otherwise they will rot 2dly The Earth must be trod down very close For if it lie hollow the Root in Summer will be dried up and in Winter 't will retain Water which when frozen will kill the Root 3dly Let all Stocks be planted leaning towards the South-West the Winds of which Quarter are longer and more violent than any other Winds whatsoever and will make a Stock set upright to grow irregular and crooked whereas by this Method the Force of the Wind will bring what is leaning against it more and more towards an upright and enable the Tree to stand firm against the Fury of these Western Shocks 4thly In staking them great Care must be taken that the Stakes do not gall or bruise the Trees As for Briering or Thorning them it is superfluous except in such Places where Cattle go and for such Orchards they will come to little for do what we can the Cattle will some time or other brouze them and in Ground not plow'd the Stocks will come on very poorly They therefore who love good Orchards must keep their Ground in Tillage always and by this means turn in fresh Mould to the Roots so that here is no need of Thorns where Cattle are not suppos'd to go 'T is not good for the first or second Year after a Stock is grafted to prune off the Suckers for the tender Grafts not being strong enough of themselves to draw up the Sap the Tree of necessity must wither and die This I have found by often Experience so that many times the Grafter is condemn'd when the Fault lies in the superfluous Curiosity of the Husbandman But where the Cyons or Grafts are grown big enough to draw up the Sap in such a Proportion as may keep the Trunk of the Stock green and flourishing then off with the Suckers Likewise 't is a very excellent way to nip the Shoots of the first Year for besides that Crows will be apt to perch upon such tender Shoots and break them 't is certain that such high weak Shoots are very liable to be shaken by the Wind and in the Winter-Season to be pinch'd by the Cold and Frost which will much endanger the Grafts especially if the Winds in March be any thing severe for such Branches will either wither or be canker'd as I have observ'd from the cold Winds and Frosts in March 93 94 and especially 96 which was the most unkind Season for Fruit-Trees which hath happen'd in any Age. The Midsummer-Shoot for the same Reason is much to be preferr'd before that of the Spring for they come forth short and bushy and by the next Year will be strong enough to resist any ordinary Shocks of Wind and Weather and are out of all danger from the perching of Crows Good daubing likewise is of great Moment to a Tree for if the Cleft be not well secur'd from wet the Tree will be in danger so that as often as the Clay or Mortar is wash'd or worn off it should be renew'd again till the Bark covers it Likewise if a Tree be grafted with two Cyons 't is best to pare off one of them close to the Head of the Stock as soon as the Grafts come to any bigness for they will be apt to grow one within another and so be canker'd The Reason therefore of putting two Grafts into the Incision is for the better Security in case one should fail as also to draw up the Sap in greater Plenty tho' I hold it absolutely safer to graft in the Nursery with a single Graft upon a young slender Stock for such rarely miscarry and the Cleft is soon skinn'd over the Sap likewise is more easily drawn up and the Branches will shoot far enough asunder without danger of