time not only to fortifie against the ensuing tempest but King Charles leisure enough to come with his Army out of Poland to shew them the fault they had committed in letting slip that which is most precious and most irrecoverable The English and French set all their Engines on work their intercession and their threats to stave off the Danes but to no purpose For the occasion was too fair and their preparations too forward to desist so that their Ministers were roundly answered that the King of Denmark had long expected satisfaction from the Crown of Sweden but being the Resident of the said Crown was retired without giving any his Majesty was obliged to endeavour his own satisfaction and security by the way of Arms. The truth is the party was not ill concerted for the Brandenburger was already drawn off from the Swedish alliance and upon assurance given him from the Polish Court that the Soveraignty of the Ducal Prussia should be conferred upon him which he also now enjoys he confederated himself with the Pole and Dane against Sweden The Dutch were also highly engaged for that wary Republick reflecting upon King Charles his progress in Prussia and Poland and fore-seeing what obstructions his continued conquests in these parts might bring to their Eastern Traffick resolved to oppose him which they not only did by sending a fleet and 1300 Foot to secure Dansick but also by this powerful diversion of the Danes to which they contributed vast summs of monys especially those of Amsterdam upon the securities of the Customs in the Sound and Norway The King of the Romans at present Emperour had also an Army hovering about the Swedish frontiers in Prussia and Poland which put King Charles to a stand not knowing which to turn himself yet resolved to fall with his whole power upon the first that broke out fancying that he was strong enough to deal with either of them apart and it was impossible they should joyn at the distance they were at whereas he should be too weak both for the one and the other if he divided his Forces He was at Thorn in Prussia in expectation of the motion of these new Adversaries where he at length heard the news of the Danes invading of him in the Dutchy of Bremen and the Frontiers of Sweden And this seems a second error for either they ought to have begun sooner whilst the King was engaged with so many enemies in Poland or they ought to have stayed longer and expected until the Imperialists had made the first attempt so that they then should have had nothing to combat with but Cities and Fortresses The King of Sweden was so transported with the first notice of this breach that amongst other expressions of rage and scorn he was heard to say Frederick Frederick I will stick so close to thee that I will sink with thee It may be reasonably imagined that for all this appearing violence he was secretly glad of this rupture with the Danes for it did not only in some sort justifie his invading of Poland the Truce being not yet expired by their example but also gave him an opportunity to quit that Country with honor which he would otherwise have been forced to leave of himself He had indeed wholly mastered that great Kingdom by his valour and the divisions of the Nobility there many of which he had gained by his own and the Vice-Chancelors Radizeuski's practises and intelligence having forced all to swear fealty to him though they all left him afterwards with the same levity but with more justice being they returned to the obedience and service of their own Prince again so that he was weary of that War as being engaged in too vast a Territory and so far from his Confines He had obliged Ragotski Prince of Transilvania to be of his party who had also entred Poland with a very great Army but he suffered him to be lost by exposing him for though they had joyned forces together yet he drew his off being he could not draw the enemy to battle and marched towards Prussia whilst the other was designed to return home which for want of conduct he could not compass having lost his whole Army his hopes in Poland being no less than a Crown and afterwards his whole Country by that unfortunate expedition The King of Sweden being therefore resolved to quit the Polish War left his Brother Prince Adolph in Prussia for the defence of that Province which he mainly desired to conserve In so much that he had made offer of the Crown of Poland being Ragotski failed of it to the King of Hungary himself provided he might keep Prussia Count Steinbock to observe the Imperialists and Poles his Brother in law Count Magnus de la Guarde in Leifland against Muscovy and Lithuania and marched himself laying all in ashes behind him to secure his Rear from the pursuit of the Polish Cavalry with about 6000 Horse towards Pomerania He had in vain sollicited the Duke of Brandenburgh to lend him some Troops though he had offered him Thorn Elbing and Marienburg as cautions provided he might leave Swedish Officers in them Being therefore obliged to stand upon his own bottom he came to Stetin whence he wrote to all the Electors especially him of Mentz as most addicted to France complaining of the Danish invading of him in the Empire which was against the tenor of the instrument of Peace and besought his counsel and assistance Whilst the King of Sweden hastens thus by Land towards Denmark the King of Denmark being advertised though falsly that he took his journey by water put to Sea in person with his whole Fleet and coasting the Countrey of Pomerania came to Dansick where he understood the truth of King Charls his motion which obliged him after a fruitless survey of the Baltick Sea to return in great hast to Coppenhagen Whilst the Swedes were on their way towards Holstein part of the Danish forces had taken Bremerford a good place in the Dutchy of Bremen and two other Forts the Bellemer Sconce lying upon the Elbe and the Leher Sconce commanding the Weser They sollicited also the City of Bremen by an Ambassador to quit the Swedes party but not with that success they had hoped for it seemed yet too early for them to declare Although they were assured in answer to their address to the States Aug. 13. of being assisted in case they were attempted conformable to the Treaty betwixt them which regarded the Swedes not the Danes And here some take the freedom to blame the Danish Conduct for had they carried the War into Sweden it self disfurnished of her principal Defendants Her King absent in a remote Countrey the very terror of an invading Army would have wrought that confusion and consternation in the Country as might probably have given the Dane opportunity to have driven on the War as far as Stockholm But they on the contrary attack the Swedish Dominions in Germany Allarming
as they had formerly done for the Swedes having notice of their designs and ready received and charged them so rudely that they forced them to save themselves by flight within their Works five of their men being taken prisoners and several of them slain The following Month they made another attempt Apr. 28. but with no better fortune for they were repelled in the Kings presence and lost threescore foot which they had taken with them to strengthen their Horse The Swedes also had designed the surprising of the City Cattle which fed under the Walls May 17. to which purpose they hastened thither with all their Horse but their intent being likewise known the Cattle were secured and the Enemy forced by the Cannon from the Ramparts to keep at a distance They yet returned some dayes after with a thousand Horse May 21 and threw down a Breast-work not far from the ruined Suburbs on the West side of the Town which annoyed them the which was again raised by the Coppenhageners two dayes after The Sweaes were also busie in other parts of the Kingdom for having gathered some small Vessels upon the Coasts of Holsteyn they landed by Nysted but being repelled thence they resolved to try their fortune on the Isle of Fameren though not with better success for the Danes having retired their Troops into a strong double Ditched Fort which they had there contained themselves in it until they were re-inforced by fresh supplies out of Holsteyn which obliged the Enemy to retire to their Ships again But Denmark was not alone the stage of War neither was it here only that the treaties for Peace were in agitation Poland the seat of so many miseries was at length delivered from the oppression of their infesting Enemies by the Treaty of Oliva This Treaty was chiefly managed by the French their Embassadour being the only Mediator admitted in it The Dutch had indeed sent an Extraordinary Deputy to the Polish Court but he was received there without Ceremony scarce civility upon pretext they were not acquainted with his Character it being a new thing with them His Mediation was likewise waved the French influence the Queen being Ascendant being too strong and the jealousies which they began to entertain of the Imperialists not a little formed Neither was he more acceptable to the Swedes his visit to their Plenipotentiaries being but repayed by a complement by their Secretary upon pretence he was lodged in Dantsick an Enemies Town and his interposition wholly refused being looked upon as a party so that he was but an idle Spectator as to the main in the said Treaty But for all the States exclusion the Emperour and the Electour of Brandenburg were not only included in the said Pacification but the old Friendship and Concord renewed by a new Act of Oblivion betwixt them and Sweden Only King Frederick for whose sake they had armed their own business being now done seemed forgot in that Treaty the Commissioners giving this reason for it that the Danish affairs could not commodiously be decided at that distance being also at that time treated in Denmark it self not without great hopes of success But the Danes troubled to be thus abandoned by their Allies were so much the more desirous of Peace They were indeed supported at present by the Forces of the United Provinces and with hopes out of England of more powerful Succours the Scene being there changed by the happy restitution of King Charles the Second to his hereditary Dominions This great Princes restauration did indeed contribute much to the present reconciliation for the English Commissioners fore-seeing their authority would quickly expire and loth to quit their Province without effecting what they came for urged it the Swedes considering the ties of blood and friendship betwixt the two Kings Charles and Frederick did desire it And truly the same reason prevailed with the Dutch but upon another accompt to wit lest they should be pressed by this great King to continue the War until Frederick his Friend and oppressed were restored to his entire Dominions which the victorious Swedes had so miserably mutilated Only the Danes the only sufferers were thought not so forward especially being obliged by this second Treaty once more to quit all their pretensions which they had so lavishly divested themselves of in the former War But they fore-seeing that the ayds from England the King being not yet fully established in his Kingdoms could not be sudden and that the vast expences which they were daily at in feeding so many Armies within their Country would necessarily ruine it seemed to prefer a certain Peace before the uncertainties of a War All parties being then agreed and that happy day which by a hopeful Peace was to put a period to this unhappy War being come the two Kings Commissioners and all the Mediators if they may be properly called so who seemed interessed asperties met in the Tents again where the Treaty elaborated with so much industry and pains was signed first by the Mediators and afterwards by the Commissioners of the two Kings and then exchanged and delivered in the mid way betwixt the Danish lodges and the Swedish Tents by the Mediators themselves a little before Sun set to the Commissioners of both Kings This being done the Assembly broke up the Swedes returning to their Camp and the Danes into the City where both from their Walls as also from their Fleets which lay before the Town witnessed their joy for this happy Accommodation with the more pleasing noises of their great and small shot The Peace was proclaimed the same night in all the publick places of the City by a Herald with his Scepter and Coat of Arms with the tintamar of Drums and Trumpets whilest every individual published his satisfaction with more than usual signes of joy The following dayes the Swedes came into the Town and the Danes went into the Camp without exception neither satisfying their greedy eyes and their curiosities with the contemplation of those unaccustomed sights whilest both admired and secretly condemned those things which they had found by experience to have been hurtful to them But this entercourse did not last long for the fourth day after the signing of the Peace the Prince of Sulsbach did according to the Articles of the Treaty draw all his Forces which were 3000 Horse and Foot out of the Camp and putting them into Battle array betwixt that and the City made a stand there exposing his Army and himself to the view of the Danes who flocked thither in multitudes to see so goodly a sight A while after having commanded his Cannon and all the Muskets and Pistols of his Army to fire twice round he left the City to its pristine Liberty and the Camp to the Danes disposal and marched with his whole Army towards Rotschild THE END The Articles of the Treaty of Peace betwixt the Two Northern Crowns concluded and subscribed by the Mediators and the Commissioners of
the Military being composed by One who had been publick Minister upon the place during the time of the first War terminated by the Rotschild Treaty in which He was Mediator and during most part of the Second renewed by the Swede upon a pretended inexecution on the Danish part of the said Treaty I have thought good to subjoyn as an useful Appendix to it A Report of the State of Affairs betwixt the two Crowns of Sweden and Denmark made by Sir Philip Meadow upon his return into England in December 1669. AFter the Peace concluded at Rotschild in Febr. 1657. Betwixt the two Crowns of Sweden and Denmark under the Mediation of England and France to the seeming good contentment of both the Kings The one gaining eminent advantages by the acquisition of a new Territory The other avoiding the imminent peril of the loss of his whole Country I was remanded out of Denmark by express order from England and placed with His Majesty of Sweden with intention to begin a new Mediation betwixt Him the King of Poland and the Elector of Brandenburg and had powers and creditives requisite for that purpose In the mean time new and unexpected jealousies arose betwixt Sweden and Denmark which at last broke forth to an open rupture of the Peace so lately established The beginning of August 1658. His Majesty of Sweden rendezvouz'd a Body of his Army at Kiel in Holsteyn and there embarqu'd them but kept his Design very secret He propounded to me to go along with him which I refused considering that his Design must either be upon Denmark or Prussia in neither of which cases it could be proper for me to accompany Him Not into Denmark for there I had been already Mediator and therefore incongruous for me to have been the Spectator of a breach of the Peace I had so lately concluded without having orders from England suitable to such an emergency Not into Prussia because thither I was designed Mediator and therefore ought not to make my self a party by putting my self in company of an Enemy Whereupon I stopp'd in Germany writing immediately into England to communicate what had passed and attending further Orders During these traverses the old Protector fell sick and incapable of making reflection upon affairs in those quarters and soon after died But as soon as I had received new Orders and Creditives from England I embarqued at Travemond and returned for Denmark in quest of His Majesty of Sweden The latter end of October 1658. Admiral Opdam with the Dutch Fleet consisting of about 38 men of War and 70 small Merchant-men and Fluyts upon which were embarqued 3000 Land souldiers passed the Sound and after a sharp encounter with the Swedish Fleet arrived at Coppenhagen Thus was Sweden engaged at the same time in a War with the Emperour Pole Brandenburger Moscovite Dane and Hollander But this powerful arming of our Neighbour-State awakened us in England to consider that we also had an interest to preserve in the Baltick Sea which we had no more reason to believe that the Hollander would do for us at his own charges than that he would imbarque himself in so expensive a War without expecting some satisfactory considerations of return from Denmark Besides though we were willing to see Coppenhagen relieved yet we were not sure the Hollanders assistance would be bounded there and could not be willing to see the King of Sweden ruined by the combined force of so many Enemies The States General made it their work and business absolutely to assist the Dane and never made any overture of accommodation betwixt the two Kings nor had as yet any publick Minister upon the place by whom to do it But England steers in this affair another course propounds not a direct Assistance but a Peace Has no design to make the King of Sweden Master of Denmark for on the contrary the conservation of Denmark is the common Interest both of England and Holland But the proper Interest of England was so to make a Peace as not to suffer the Dane to be ruined by the Swede nor to suffer the Swede to be ruined by the Hollander or in the conditions of the Peace to be subjected to such Laws as he should impose upon him at pleasure but to preserve Sweden not only as a ballance upon the House of Austria which is the common interest of England and France but as the counterpoise upon the Confederate Naval strength of Holland and Denmark which is the peculiar interest of England And besides this England had another interest in this Affair viz. To enable the King of Sweden so to retire himself out of so unhappy a War and upon such equitable terms and conditions as might have both capacitated him and obliged him to give us some reasonable satisfaction and recompence in consideration of the great expences we were necessitated to be at for the securing of his interest together with our own And indeed the most visible medium at that time for stopping the progress of a War betwixt Sweden and Holland and taking up the differences betwixt Sweden and Denmark was a Fleet from England In November 1658. A Fleet of twenty Frigats was sea out under Vice-Admiral Goodson who coming to the height of the Scaw found he could not enter the Cataget for the abundance of Ice and so was constrained to return without effecting any thing only that this warlike appearance from England stopped the 4000 men and twelve ships of War which were ready in the Texel designed for the Baltick under the command of de Ruyter During this I had proposed to both Kings the Mediation of England for composing a second-time the differences betwixt the two Crowns which both of them freely accepted But I could never induce the King of Denmark to treat seperately with the King of Sweden alone he always insisting upon the comprehension and admission of all his Allies to the same Treaty which was directly against the letter of my Instructions In January 1658. A Treaty was made betwixt France and England for re-establishing a Peace betwixt the two Northern Kings upon equitable terms Wherein it was particularly provided that if upon occasion of the succours sent or hereafter to be sent from England to the King of Sweden in order to such a Peace a War should arise with any other Forraign Prince or State France together with England should declare such Prince or State their common Enemy The beginning of April 1659. The Fleet under General Mountague arrived in the Sound My Instructions were to propound a particular Treaty betwixt the two Crowns because a general one in order to an Universal Peace would have been at that time tedious and impracticable and the Peace to be established in pursuance of this particular Treaty was to be under the conditions and qualifications of the Rotschild Treaty as the most proper Medium for accommoding all differences Besides both France and England esteemed it most honourable to assert and
the differences betwixt Denmark and Sweden were but a sudden paroxisme if taken in time easily cured but those betwixt Sweden and Poland were chronique and inveterate not so soon eradicated However the second Declaration of the King of Denmark of the third of November was sent to the King of Sweden Dec. 7. and begat another from him wherein he declares himself unsatisfied with the King of Denmarks nominating Lubeck for the place of Treaty and receding thereby from the so antiently practised Custome betwixt the two Crowns He further takes notice of the conquisite delays and difficulties made by the Dane by intermixing the controversies of others which have no reference to the Danish War Yet that he is willing to grant his safe conducts to such Confederates of the Danes as shall be desirous to be present at a treaty in any place of the Confines And for the States general after they shall have ratified the Treaty made at Elbing and thereby renewed their former friendship with Sweden in case they offer to him their Mediation he would so declare himself that they should have no occasion of complaint To this the King of Denmark rejoyned another answer 27. Dec. insisting upon the immediate admission of the States General to the Mediation without the previous qualification of first ratifying the Elbing Treaty a point which had already been depending a whole twelve-month and was like to depend longer adheres to the place formerly nominated for both sides to meet at and presses that the Pole and Brandenburger his Confederates should not only have the bare liberty of being present at the Treaty but that the respective Treaties to be had with them should proceed by the same steps and means as that with Denmark As to the place of the Treaty the intrigue was this the Dane would have the meeting at Lubec or any other neutral place in Germany where the Polish and Brandenburg Ministers might be present as parties with the Dane in the same War On the other side the King of Sweden would have it upon the Frontiers betwixt the two Kingdoms on the other side the Baltick whither he knew the Pole and Brandenburger could not easily come thereby to disunite the Pole and Dane by the jealousie of a separate Treaty And perhaps at the same time treating openly with the Dane and under-hand with the Pole and they two striving to prevent each other in the peace where he saw the most advantagious conditions proffered him there clap up a peace and prosecute the War against the other To prevent this the Mediatours endeavoured to draw from the King of Sweden an intimation of what terms and conditions he would rest satisfied within the ensuing Treaty that so when the Commissioners came to meet they might have little more to do than to sign and seal and the business be effected as soon as reported with insinuations of conditions of this Nature A general Amnisty for what was past Restitution of places taken each upon other A solemn Reversal under good Garanties of the peace in 44. And a way opened for redressing the Gravamina particularly those relating to the trade of the Baltick and for preventing defraudations of the Duties in the Sound which were the pretended cause of the War And to dispose the King of Denmark to dis-joyn his interests from Poland it was represented to him what a broken Reed Poland had proved to him sometimes making proffer to pass their Forces over the Oder and then presently retreating again upon pretence of joyning the Austrian Foot not so much as entring Pomerania all this while to give the Swedes the least diversion That the Conditions of the Alliance were mutual and reciprocal which not being performed on the Polish part his Majesty of Denmark was no longer obliged That Confederacies were for mutual safety and not intended to oblige Princes to perish either singly or in company That he had the fresh Example of his Heroick Father who though he had entred into an Alliance with the Protestant Princes of Germany yet the necessity of his affairs to recover what was lost contrained him to make a peace with the Emperour in the year 1629. exclusive to his Allies But neither did these reasons prevail with the King of Denmark to depart from his alliance with the Pole till a more pressing necessity afterwards extorted from him a separate treaty Nor was the King of Sweden willing to anticipate the treaty by Declaring himself before hand as to the Conditions nor to content himself in the Conditions with less than an honourable compensation for the pretended injury the Dane had done him But that since the Dane had made him dance so long a march from Poland to Jutland he was resolved at least to make him pay the Fidlers Thus the War of the Cabinet was managed by paper missives and memorials but that of the field was carried on at another rate for whilst the active Swedes omitted nothing for the prosecuting of their Conquests they gave out they would besiege the remaining Fortresses of Holsteyn and seemed to hearken to such overtures of peace as were made to them the better to amuse the Danes whilst they secretly prepared their Bridges Waggons Sleads Hurdles and the like necessaries to pass over the Ice into the Isles They were secure on the Holsteyn side no enemy appearing to disturb them for the Elector of Brandenburg though reconciled to the King of Poland had not yet openly broke with Sweden and the Imperialists were busied at the sieges of Cracow and Thorn Only the Poles not unmindful of the favour the Danes had done them by drawing the burthen of the War which had well-nigh overwhelmed their Country upon themselves out of interest or gratitude or both sent Charneski with 12000. Horse to their assistance These troops past the Oder in order to their march towards Holstein but hearing of the taking of Fredericks-Ode advanced no farther but having pillaged and ravaged the Country returned back into their own having effected nothing but the ruine of a great number of Villages and poor people As the Swedes were frighted with this cavalcade of the Poles so the Danes had also been with the arming of the circle of the nether Saxons for the recovery of Bremerford as a part of the Empire pretending to keep the peace of the same as is already mentioned and the removal of all hostility out of its bounds But the troops these raised amounting to 4000. dispersed without a blow occasioned as well by their own Divisions as the open dissenting of the Duke of Lunenburg a Prince of that circle and Brother in Law to the King of Denmark so that they as well as the Polish Auxiliaries only appeared and Meteor-like threatned and vanished But the Swedes having got all things in a readiness to attempt Funen the heavens also seemed to contribute to their Designs for the cold was so intense and violent beyond the memory of man that not
for the love of Peace the Pallace and Government of Drontheym or together with all its subject Cities Towns Castles and Fortresses as also all their Ecclesiastical and Secular goods Governments and appurtenances as they were delivered to His Majesty of Sweden by the Treaty of Rotschild shall be restored to the King Kingdom and Crown of Denmark to be re-annexed to the Kingdom of Norway for ever without any reserve of pretension upon the same to the King his Successors and Kingdom of Sweden to which end the King of Denmark's Letters of Cession made according to the sixt Article of the Treaty of Rotschild shall be restored and cancelled XVIII In like manner the Kings Majesty surrenders for Himself His Successors and the Kingdom of Sweden all the rights and pretensions that he had or shall have as Duke of Bremen upon the County of Delmenhorst and Ditmarsh and transfers those his rights over to His Majesty of Denmark his Successors and the Dukes of Holsteyn of the Royal and Gottorp's Line so that His Majesty of Sweden and his Successors neither will nor ought either de jure or de facto ever to pretend any thing more upon these Countries If also His Majesty of Sweden obtained any pretension as Duke of Bremen heretofore upon some Noblemens goods in Holsteyn that also is remitted by vertue of this Treaty and promise made that the documents which are to be found and pertain hereunto shall be delivered to the King of Denmark and the House of Holsteyn of the Royal and Gottorp Line XIX And that this renewed Friendship may be laid upon a more firm foundation the King and Kingdom of Sweden will let fall and remit as they do hereby let fall and remit that Right which His Majesty or any of his subjects pretend upon the four Tun of Gold for the Guiney business so that henceforward nothing shall be demanded or required for that sum but the King and kingdom of Denmark shall remain wholly acquitted and free from any payment or least pretence thereof XX. As also the Fortresses as well those which have been taken in this War as those which are surrendred by this Pacification shall be delivered without Cannon Carriages or warlike Ammunition on both sides except the Castle of Cronenburg where according to agreement those Cannon which were not brought thither by the Swedes or have no Swedish Armes or Inscriptions upon them shall be retained So it is likewise agreed that the Country people of those Governments where those Fortresses are seated shall be obliged to carry the Cannon and munitions of War to the Shore where they may be most commodiously shipped and transported XXI It is also concluded and promised that in those Fortresses which are to be surrendred on either side there shall be a certain time determined wherein he who so surrenders a fortified place shall conserve and keep his Ammunition of War which is at present there until he may commodiously transport it elsewhere XXII All Captives of what condition soever shall immediately be set at liberty without Ransom But as for their Diet they shall satisfie that according to equity In like manner all Danish subjects which the King and kingdom of Sweden caused to be transported into other places of their obedience whatsoever may have free and unhindred liberty to return again into their Native Countries Such Prisoners who have taken up Arms under the Danes shall have liberty to return to their former Militia as also such who are in the Swedes service if they please provided it be done within three Months after the Ratification of this Peace XXIII It is also agreed that the places taken by either King since the Peace of Rotschild ought by force of this Treaty be restored to that party whose they were or ought to have been by the Treaty of Rotschild and all the Swedish forces Horse and Foot shall be withdrawn out of all the Kingdoms Provinces Dutchies and Lands belonging to the King of Denmark within 14 dayes at most after the ratification of this Treaty which ought to be within a Month after the conclusion of the Peace in this manner that as soon as the Peace is subscribed and the same day that it is published the Siege before Coppenhagen shall be raised so that the Camp shall be evacuated within the four following dayes and Nycâ—ping Falster and Meun within the four next dayes after And on the contrary the Siege of Tonninger shall be raised and all Eydeâ—stadt and Husum evacuated Eight dayes after Nascow shall be surrendred to the Danes and about that time as soon as Shipping is ready and at hand the withdrawing of the Forces shall Commence eight dayes after this Koeg or Keuk shall be surrendred and the Souldiers drawn out of it as soon as the Ratifications are exchanged within the Month after the signing of the Peace and that the shipping for transporting the souldiery are ready within the four following dayes Corseur shall be delivered up and the Souldiery begin to be imbarked and transported and at the same time the Duke of Holsteyn's Country shall be freed from all His Majestie of Denmark's souldiers Shortly after the forces which remain Horse and Foot shall imbark in convenient Havens and likewise be withdrawn from Cronenburg so that that Fortress shall be wholly evacuated and surrendred the 15 day after the exchange of the Ratifications or when the six Weeks after the conclusion of the Peace are expired and at that very time all Zeland shall be delivered and cleared from the Swedish souldiers XXIV And that no force or injury be done during the said term to the inhabitants in the changes of Fortresses and withdrawing of souldiers out of the Cities and Provinces but that all things may be done in order Commissioners from both sides shall be present who shall both in the Towns and Ports take special care that no force direption of goods or injuries be done to the Subjects or any other unlawful thing imposed upon them under pain of punishment to be inflicted upon the transgressour And as it is necessary that provisions be made for the sustentation of the Swedish forces during their stay in the Country but so that after the day of concluding the Peace nothing more shall be demanded from the subjects under pretext of Redemption or any other burthens whatsoever but only what is needful for their subsistence whilest they stay in this Kingdom and which shall be adjudged such according to an appointment made by the Commissioners of both sides and that the evacuation may the sooner and better be effected His Majesty of Denmark shall forthwith command in all convenient Havens in every Province that Ships Vessels and Boats with their necessaries Men Mariners and implements be gathered together and in a readiness as His Majesty will also command whereby the transport of the souldiery and the evacuation of places may be hastened and not impeded unless by contrary Winds And all the Ships together
and Brandenburger In Sweden there was no subsistence for them to transport them into Pomeren and there take the Field he could not for the Imperial Army was much superiour to his in strength and had already seized the principal Passes of the Country and was absolutely Master of the Campagne And to have put them into Garisons which above two parts in three consisted of Horse the want of forage had ruined them in few days So that now the King of Sweden holds close to Denmark First as a quarter to his Troops Secondly as a place of refuge and security putting himself upon the Defensive as it were intrenched within those Islands not having strength sufficient to appear before his Enemy upon the Terra firma Thirdly as a Gage or Pledge for the restitution of what he had lost in Pomeren And I have reason to believe that as things now stand the War betwixt Denmark and Sweden will hardly be accommodated but by a general Peace In the mean time I humbly conceive that England in the management of this business hath departed from their proper Interest and that upon these following grounds I. We have wholly dis-obliged the Swede who is Englands counterpoise against the Dane and Hollander The Hollander is sure that the Dane will alwayes side with him against England witness the Arrest of our Merchant-men in the Sound in 1653. We ought to be as sure of the Swede and though not to assist him in the conquest of Denmark yet so to have managed the business of a Peace as to have firmly engaged him in our Interests II. We have lost our reputation It had been honourable for England to have maintained the Rotschild Treaty in which we were Mediators But to equip a mighty Fleet of forty of our best men of War and to keep them out at Sea six Months together to the amazement of all our Neighbouring States without effecting any thing failing of our End and Design is wholly inglorious III. We have lost our Expences The King of Sweden never supposed that England would be at all those vast charges without expecting any return from him but freely propounded several advantages in point of Trade and Commerce by way of recompence and amongst others propounded that the Pitch and Tar and the whole growth and production of Sweden which is for the apparel and equipage of Shipping should be sold at a regulated price to English Merchants only by which means London might have become the Staple of those Commodities But we on the contrary have barr'd our selves from accepting any thing of priviledge or advantage though it be only ratione oneris upon the accompt of our expences and so to be considered as a re-imbursement For by the Agreement of the Hague of the fourth of July England is to compel the King of Sweden to admit the States General to the Treaty at Elbing And by the express letter of the Treaty of Elbing the King of Sweden is obliged to admit the people of the United Netherlands to the same priviledges and advantages which he either hath or shall hereafter grant to any other Forraign Nation whatsoever IV. We oblige cour selves to force the King of Sweden to admit the States General to the Elbing Treaty notwithstanding that by that Treaty the former Treaties made betwixt Queen Christina and the States General one at Stockholm 1640 and the other at Suderacre 1645 are expresly renewed and re-confirmed Both which are Treaties of mutual Defence and by vertue of which in case England become hereafter engaged in a War against Holland the King of Sweden will be obliged to assist Holland against us with four thousand men at his own charges V. We have lost our Opportunity of making the Peace England was once in a manner Arbitrator of this whole affair England propounds the Rotschild Treaty as the Medium of the Peace Holland though very unwilling yet is necessitated to assent thereto For to think that Holland who was in actual War with Portugal and Sweden would at the same time break with England when back'd with France especially his most confident Ally the Dane being reduced to that extremity as to become instead of a help a charge and burthen is to suppose that which is Morally and Politically impossible But as the case now stands England is the least in this business all that we pretend to is to be included in the States Generals Treaty of Elbing wherein they are Principals and we but Accessories VI. We play advantages into the hands of the Hollander our Rival State and that only which stands in the eye and aym of England's greatness For besides the Treaty of Elbing which we engage to obtain for him The Hollander obliges us also to see Drontheym restored to the Dane In which the Hollander consults his own utility for Schonen is the Country which the King of Denmark would have restored but the Hollander profits more by Drontheym when in the King of Denmark's hands than the King of Denmark himself both in point of Trade and in Levies of Men For during the late War betwixt England and Holland the Dutch had seldome less than two or three thousand of those Norwegians in the service of their Fleets Besides that the greatest part or the whole of the Revenue of Drontheym is oppignorated to the Merchants of Amsterdam for debt And indeed the whole Kingdom of Denmark is become so obnoxious upon the accompt of vast Debts that it is in a manner at the disposition of Holland The States General have steered an even and direct course to their Interest They have maintained their Ally they have not only secured Denmark from the power of Sweden but secured it to themselves And being secure of Denmark are now assuring Sweden to themselves also having already weakened the near Amity and correspondence which was betwixt England and Sweden Whereas we after all our Expences are so far from being sure of the friendship of either of the Kings that we are sure of the ill-will of both Of the Dane for appearing with an armed Fleet in the Interests of Sweden of the Swede for no sooner appearing but deserting him They have also obtained their Treaty at Elbing which in rigour of justice they could not pretend to for they themselves formerly refused to ratifie it in due time And to crown all they have heightened their reputation by rendring themselves Masters of their Design We on the contrary have lost our Friend lost our Expences lost our Business lost our Reputation From whence I conclude that in the management of this Affair we in England have departed from Our proper Interest FINIS A Catalogue of Books Printed for and are to be Sold by Thomas Basset at the George in Fleet-street near Cliffords-Inn Folio ' s. 1. COsmography in four Books containing the Chorography and History of the whole World and all the principal Kingdoms and Provinces Seas and Isles thereof By P. Heylin Printed 1669