James Halls fourth voyage to discover the North west passage was slain by the Savages Capt. Buttons voyage to discover the North-west passage Anno Domini 1613 Port-Royal destroyed by Sir Samuel Argol Governour of Virginia Mr. John Rolf a Gentleman of good behaviour fell in love with Pocahontas the only Daughter of Powhaton a King in Virginia and married her she was Christened and called the Lady Rebecca and dyed at Gravesend Anno Dom. 1617. Sir Lewis Sâ—ukely brought up her Son Thomas Rolf. Anno Domini 1614 Bermudus planted further Powhatons Daughter in Virginia Christened Rebecca Capt. Gibbins voyage to find out the North-west passage New Netherlands began to be planted upon Mohegan-River Sir Samuel Argol routed them Anno Domini 1615 Sir Richard Hawkins voyage into those parts of New-England Anno Domini 1616 Capt. Gibbins second voyage to find out the North-west passage A new supply sent by Capt. Daniel Tucker to the Bermudus Pocahontas and Mr. Rolf her Husband went for England with Sir Thomas Dale and arrived at Plimouth the 12 of June Anno Domini 1617 Sir Walter Rawleighs last and unfortunate voyage to Guiana where he took St. Thome the only Town of Guiana possessed by the Spaniards Anno Domini 1618 The comet or blazing-star whose motion was by some observed to be from East to West Anno Domini 1619 Sir Walter Rawleigh beheaded in the Parliament yard Bermudus Islands divided into Tribes and Câ—ntreds to each tribe a Burrough Anno Domini 1620 The English in Virginia divided into several Burrougâ—s Anno Domini 1620 Letters Patents obtained from King James for the Northern part of Virginia i. e. New-England In July sundry of the English set sail from Holland for Southampton August the fift they set sail from Southampton for America and arrived the Eleventh of November at Cape-Cod where they entered into a body politick and chose one Mr. John Carver their Governour calling the place where they settled New-Plimouth in January and February following was a mortality among the English which swept away half the Company Mrs. Susanna White delivered of a Son at new-Plimouth Christened Peregrine he was the first of the English that was born in new-England and was afterwards the Lieutenant of the Military Company of Marshfield in Plimouth Colony New-Plimouth built the first Town in new-England Squanto an Indian in new-England carried into England by Mr. Hunt a Master of a Ship but brought home again by Mr. Dormer a Gentleman imployed by Sir Ferdinando Gâ—rges for discovery April Mr. John Carver Governour of new-Plimouth dyed and Mr. William Brandford was chosen Governour The Natives in Virginia murdered about 340 English Anno Domini 1622 The Fort at new-Plimouth built a great drought this Summer from May the Third till the middle of July there was no Rain Mr. Thomas Weston Merchant sent over 67 lusty men who settled themselves in a part of the Massachusets-bay now calleâ— Weymouth The order of the Knights of Nâ—vascotia ordained by King James Hereditarie they wear an Orange tawny Ribbin Sir Ferdinando Gorges Patent for the province of Main in new-New-England The Dutch tortured the English at Amboina 1623. Westons plantation wholly ruined by their disorders Mr. Râ—bert Gâ—rge Sir Ferdinando Gorges Brother arrived in Plimouth and began a Plantation of the Massachusets bay having Commission from the Council of new-New-England to be general Governour of the Countrey carrying over one Mr. Mâ—rrel a Minister but being discouraged he returned for England A fire at Plimouth which did considerable dammage several of the Inhabitants through discontent and casualties removed into Virginia Three thousand English now upon the Bermudus ten Forts and in those ten Forts 50 pieces of Ordnance Anno Domini 1624 The number of Magistrates increased to five now at New Plimouth The first neat Cattle carried over into New-England to New Plimouth was three Heifers and a Bull. Anno Domini 1625 St. Christophers Island planted now by the English 25 leagues in compass a great many little Rivers in 17 degrees and 25 minutes King James dyed in 1625 and King Charles the first began his Raign March the seven and twentieth Anno Domini 1627 The first distribution of Lâ—nds amongst the Inhabitants of New-Plimouth A Colony of English planted upon the Island of Baâ—â—ados which in a short time increased to 2000 besides Negroes Anno Domini 1628 〈…〉 arrived in New England with some number of people and set down first by Cape-Ann at a place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding place was at Salem where they built the first Town in the Massachusets Patent The Indians at the Massachusets were at that time by sickness decreased from 30000 to 300. Nevis or Mevis planted now by the English 3 or 4000 upon it Mr. Morton of Merrimount taken prisoner by the Massachusets and sent into England Anno Domini 1629 Three ships arrived at Salem bringing a great number of passengers from England insectious diseases amongst them Mr. Endicot chosen Governour Mr. Higginson Mr. Skelton and Mr. Bright Ministers arrived upon the fift of August was the first Church in the Massachusets Colony gathered at Sâ—lem from which year to this present year in 45 years in the compass of these years in this Colony there hath been gathered forty Churches and 120 Towns built in all the Colonies of New-England The Church of new Plimouth was planted in New-England eight years before others The book of Common-prayer pleaded for and practised in Massachusets Colony by two of the Patentees but was at last prohibited by the Authority there Anno Domini 1630 The Tenth of July John Winthorp Esq and the Assistants arrived in New-England with the Patent for the Massachusets they landed on the North-side of Charles River with him went over Mr. Thomas Dudley Mr. Isâ—ac Johnson Esquires Mr. John Wilson Mr. George Philips Mr. Maverich the Father of Mr. Samuel Maverich one of his Majesties Commissioners Mr. Wareham Ministers The passage of the people in the Eagle and nine other Vessels to New England came to 9500 pounds The Swine Goats Sheep Neat and Horses cost to transport 12000 pounds besides the price they cost The Eagle was called the Arabella in honour of the Lady Arabella wife to Isaac Johnson Esq they set down first upon Nâ—ddles-Island the Lady Arabella abode at Salem Mr. Isaac Johnson a Magistrate of the Massachusets and his Lady dyed soon after their arrival John Winthâ—rp Esq chosen Governour for the remaindâ—r of the year Mr. Thomas Dudâ—ey deputy Governour Mr. Simâ—n Bread-street Secretary Charles-town the first town built Mr. Higginson Teacher of Salem Church dyed Anno Domini 1630 A very sharp winter in New-England Anno Domini 1631 Capt. John Smith Governour of Virginia and Admiral of New-England now dyed in London John Winthorp Esq chosen Governour of the Massachusets Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Sir Richard Saltingstall went for New-England set down at Water-town Five Churches gathered this year the first at Boston Mr. John Wilson Pastor
of America which together with Virginia Mary land and Nova-scotia were by the Indians called by one name Wingadacoa after the discovery by Sir Walter Rawleigh they were named Virginia and so remained untiil King James divided the Countrey into Provinces new-New-England then is all that tract of land that lyes between the Northerly latitudes of 40 and 46 that is from De-la-ware-Bay to New-found-land some will have it to be in latitude from 41 to 45. in King Jame's Letters Patents to the Council of Plimouth in Devonshire from 40 to 48 of the same latitude it is judged to be an Island surrounded on the North with the spacious River of Canada on the South with Mahegan or Hudsons River having their rise as it is thought from two great lakes not far off one another the Sea lyes East and South from the land and is very deep some say that the depth of the Sea being measured with line and plummet seldom exceeds two or three miles excâ—pt in some places near the Swevian-shores and about Pontus observed by Pliny Sir Francis Drake threw out 7 Hogsheads of line near Porto-bello and sound no bottom but whether this be true or no or that they were deceived by the Currants carrying away their lead and line this is certainly true that there is more Sea in the Western than the Eastern Hemisphere on the shore in more places than one at spring-tides that is at the full or new of the moon the Sea riseth 18 foot perpendicular the reaâ—on of this great flow of waters I refer to the â—earned onely by the way I shall acquaint you â—ith two reasons for the ebbing and flowâ—ng of the Sea the one delivered in Common conference the other in a Sermon at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay by an eminent man The first was that God and his spirit â—oving upon the waters caused the motion â—he other that the spirit of the waters gathered â—he waters together as the spirit of Christ gathered Souls The shore is Rockie with high cliffs â—aving a multitude of considerable Harâ—ours many of which are capacious â—nough for a Navy of 500 sail one of a â—housand the Countrie within Rockie and mountanious full of tall wood onâ— stately mountain there is surmounting the 〈◊〉 about four score mile from the Sea The description of it you have in my rarities of New-England between the mountains are many ample rich and pregnant valleys as â—ver eye beheld besâ—t on each side with variety of goodly Trees the grass man-high unmowed uneaten and uselâ—sly withering within these valleys are spacious lakes or ponds well stored with Fish and Beavers the original of all the great Rivers in the Countrie of which there are many with lesser streams wherein are an infinite of fish manifesting the goodness of the soil which is black red-clay gravel sand loom and very deep in some places as in the valleys and swamps which are low grounds and bottoms infinitely thick set with Trees and Bushes of all sorts for the most part others having no other shrub or Tree growing but spruse under the shades whereof you may freely walk two or three mile together being goodly large Trees and convenient for masts and sail-yards The whole Countrie produceth springs in abundance replenished with excellent waters having all the properties ascribed to the best in the world Swift is' t in pace light poiz'd to look in clear And quick in bâ—iling which esteemed were Such qualities as rightly understood Withouten these no water could be good One Spring there is at Black-point in the Province of Main coming out of muddy-clay that will colour a spade as if hatcht with silver it is purgative and cures scabs and Itch c. The Mountains and Rocky Hills are richly surnished with mines of Lead Sâ—lver Copper Tin and divers sorts of minerals â—ranching out even to their summits where â—n small Crannies you may meet with threds of perfect silver yet have the English no â—naw to open any of them whether out of â—gnorance or fear of bringing a forraign Enemy upon them or like the dog in the manger to keep their Soveraign from parâ—aking of the benefits who certainly may claim an interest in them as his due being eminently a gift proceeding from divine bounty to him PLACE = marg Isa 45.3 no person can pretend interest in Gold Silver or Copper by the law of Nations but the Soveraign Prince but the subjects of our King have a right to mines discovered in their own Lands and inheritances So as that every tenth Tun of such Oar is to be paid to the proprieters of such lands and not to the state if it be not a mine-Royal if it prove to be a mine-Royal every fifth Tun of all such Oar as shall hold Gold or Silver worth refining is to be rendered to the King The learned Judges of our Kingdom have long since concluded that alihough the Gold or Silver conteined in the base mettals of a mine in the land of a Subjâ—ct be of less value than the baser mettal yet if the Gold or Silver do countervail the charge of refining it or be more worth than the base mettal spent in refining it that then it is a mine-Royal and as well the base mettal as the Gold anâ— Silver in it belongs by prerogative to thâ— Crown The stones in the Countrey are for thâ— most mettle-stone free-stone pebble slate none that will run to lime of which they have great want of the slate you may make Tables easie to be split to the thickness of an inch or thicker if you please and long enough for a dozen men to sit at Pretious stones there are too but if you desire to know further of them see the Rarities of New-England onely let me add this observation by the way that Crystal set in the Sun taketh fire and setteth dry Tow or brown Paper on fire held to it There is likewise a sort of glittering sand which is altogether as good as the glassie powder brought from the Indies to dry up Ink on paper newly written The climate is reasonably temperate hotter in Summer and colder in Winter than with us agrees with our Constitutions better than hotter Climates these are limbecks to our bodies forraign heat will extract the inward and adventitions beat consume the natural so much more heat any man receives outwardly from the heat of the Sun so much more wants he the same inwardly which is one reason why they are able to receive more and larger draughts of Brandy the like strong spirits than in England without offence Cold is less tolerable than heat this a friend to nature that an enemy Many are of opinion that the greatest enemies of life consisting of heat and moisture is cold and dryness the extremity of cold is more easie to be endured than extremity of heat the violent sharpness of winter than the fiery raging of Summer To conclude they are both bad too much heat brings a hot
by one Andrew Thorn an English man in Anno 1527. Sir Humphrey Gilbert a west Countrey Knight took possession of it in the Queens name Anno 1582. The two first Colonies in new-New-England failing there was a fresh supply of English who set down in other parts of the Countrey and have continued in a flourishing condition to this day The whole Countrey now is divided into Colonies and for your better understanding observe a Colony is a sort of people that come to inhabit a place before not inhabited or Colonus quasi because they should be Tillers of the Earth From hence by an usual figure the Countrey where they sit down is called a Colony or Plantation The first of these that I shall relate of though last in possession of the English is now our most Southerly Colony and next adjoyning to Mary-land scil the Manadâ—es or Manahanent lying upon the great Râ—ver Mohegan which was first discovered by Mr. Hudson and sold presently by him to the Dutch without Authority from his Soveraign the King of England Anno 1608. The Dutch in 1614 began to plant there and call'd it New-Netherlands but Sir Samuel Argal Governour of Virginia routed them the Dutch after this got leave of King James to put in there for fresh water in their passage to Brasile and did not offer to plant until a good while after the English were settled in the Countrey In Anno 1664 his Majestie Charles the Second sent over sour worthie Gentlemen Commissioners to reduce the Colonies into their bounds who had before incroached upon one another who marching with Three hundred red-Coats to Manadaes or Manhataes took from the Dutch their chief town then called New-Amsterdam now New York the Twenty ninth of August turn'd out their Governour with a silver leg and all but those that were willing to acknowledge subjection to the King of England suffering them to enjoy their houses and estates as before Thirteen days after Sir Robert Care took the Fort and Town of Auravia now called Albany and Twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Awsapha then De-la-ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds So now the English are masters of three handsome Towns three strong Forts and a Castle not losing one man The first Governour of these parts for the King of England was Colonel Nicols a noble Gentleman and one of his Majesties Commissioners who coming for England in Anno Dom. 1668 as I take it surrendered the Government to Colonel Longlace The Countrey here is bless'd with the â—ichest soil in all New-England I have heard it reported from men of Judgement and Integrity that one Bushel of European-Wheat hath yielded a hundred in one year Their other Commodities are Furs and the 〈◊〉 New-York is situated at the mouth of the great River Mohegan and is built with Dutch Brick alla-moderna the meanest house therein being valued at One hundred pounds to the Landward it is compassed with a Wall of good thickness at the entrance of the River is an Island well fortified and hath command of any Ship that shall attempt to pass without their leave Albany is situated upon the same River on the West-side and is due North from New-York somewhat above Fifty miles Along the Sea-side Eastward are many English-Towns as first Westchester a Sea-Town about Twenty miles from New-York to the Eastward of this is Greenwich another Sea-Town much about the same distance then Chichester Fairfield Stratford Milford all Sea-Towns twenty and thirty mile distant from one another twenty miles Eastward of Milford is Newhaven the Metropolis of the Colony begun in 1637. One Mr. Eaton being there Governour it is near to the shoals of Cape Cod and is one of the four united Colonies The next Sea-Town Eastward of New-haven is called Guilford about ten mile and I think belonging to that Colony From Guilford to Connecticut-River is near upon twenty miles the fresh River Connecticut bears the name of another Colony begun in the year 1636 and is also one of the four united Colonies Upon this River are situated 13 Towns within two three four miles off one another At the mouth of the River on the West-side is the Lord-Say and Brooks for t called Saybrook-fort Beyond this Northward is the Town of Windsor then Northampton then Pinsers-house On the Eastside of the River Hartford about it low land well stored with meadow and very fertile Wethersfield is also situated upon Connecticut River and Springfield but this Town although here seated is in the jurisdiction of the Mattachusets and hath been infamous by reason of Witches therein Hadley lyes to the Northward of Springfield New-London which I take to be in the jurisdiction of this Coloney is situated to the Eastward of Connecticut-River by a small River and is not far from the Sea From Connecticut-River long Island stretcheth it self to Mohegan one hundred and twenty miles but it is but marrow and about sixteen miles from the main the considerablest Town upon it is Southampton built on the Southside of the Island towards the Eastern end opposite to this on the Northernside is Feversham Westward is Ashford Huntingdon c. The Island is well stored with Sheep and other Cattle and Corn and is reasonable populous Between this Island and the mouth of Connecticut-River lyeth three small Islands Shelter-Island Fishers-Island and the Isle of Wight Over against New-London full South lyeth Block-Island The next place of note on the Main is Narragansets-Bay within which Bay is Rhode-Island a Harbour for the Shunamitish Brethren as the Saints Errant the Quakers who are rather to be esteemed Vagabonds than Religious persons c. At the further end of the Bay by the mouth of Narragansets-River on the South-side thereof was old Plimouth plantation Anno 1602. Twenty mile out to Sea South of Rhode-Island lyeth Martins vineyard in the way to Virginia this Island is governed by a discreet Gentleman Mr. Mayhew by name To the Eastward of Martin's vinyard lyeth Nantocket-Island and further Eastward Elizabeths-Island these Islands are twenty or thirty mile asunder and now we are come to Cape-Cod Cape-Cod was so called at the first by Captain Gosnold and his Company Anno Dom. 1602 because they took much of that fish there and afterward was called Cape-James by Captain Smith the point of the Cape is called Point-Cave and Tuckers Terror and by the French and Dutch Mallacar by reason of the perillous shoals The first place to be taken notice of on the South-side of the Cape is Wests-Harbour the first Sea-Town Sandwich formerly called Duxbury in the Jurisdiction of New-Plimouth Doubling the Cape we come into the great Bay on the West whereof is New-Plimouth-Bay on the Southwest-end of this Bay is situated New Plimouth the first English-Colony that took firm possession in this Countrey which was in 1620 and the first Town built therein whose longitude is 315 degrees in latitude 41 degrees and 37 minutes it was built nine years before any other
1 their lands 2 their Treasure 2 or causes 1 Civil they concern 1 The publick State or 2 Particular persons 2 Criminal Whether between the members of their own Common-wealth they are 1 either of Trespasses or 1 in their personal Inheritances and proprieties 2 In their mutual commerce whether in way 1 Of buying and selling 2 Lending and borrowing 2 of Capital Crimes 2 Between Burgesses and the people and forraign Nations whether in case 1 That we do them wrong 2 That they do us wrong Anno Dom. 1646. they drew up a body of their Laws for the well ordering of their Commonwealth as they not long since termed it The military part of their Common-wealth is governed by one Major-General and three Serjeant Majors to the Major-General belongeth particularly the Town of Biston to the three Serjeant Majors belong the four Counties but with submission to the Major-General The first Serjeant Major chosen for the County of Suffolk was Major Gibbons For the County of Middlesex Major Sedgwick For the County of Essex and Northfolk Major Denison Every Town sends two Burgesses to their great and solemn general Court For being drunk they either whip or impose a fine of Five shillings so for swearing and cursing or boring through the tongue with a hot Iron For kâ—ssing a woman in the street though in way of civil salute whipping or a fine For Single fornication whipping or a fine For Adultery put to death and so for Witchcraft An English woman suffering an Indian to have carnal knowledge of her had an Indian cut out exactly in red cloth sewed upon her right Arm and injoyned to wear it twelve moneths Scolds they gag and set them at their doors for certain hours for all comers and goers by to gaze at Stealing is punished with restoring four fould if able if not they are sold for some years and so are poor debtors If you desire a further inspection to their Laws I must refer you to them being in print too many for to be inserted into this Relation The Governments of their Churches are Independent and Presbyterial every Church for so they call their particular Congregations have one Pastor one Teacher Ruling Elders and Deacons They that are members of their Churches have the Sacraments administred to them the rest that are out of the pale as they phrase it are denyed it Many hundred Souls there be amongst them grown up to men womens estate that were never Christened They judge every man and woman to pay Five shillings per day who comes not to their Assemblies and impose fines of forty shillings and fifty shillings on such as meet together to worship God Quakers they whip banish and hang if they return again Anabaptists they imprison fine and weary out The Government both Civil and Ecclesiastical is in the hands of the thorow-pac'd Independents and rigid Presbyterians The grose Goddons or great masters as also some of their Merchants are damnable rich generally all of their judgement inexplicably covetous and proud they receive your gifts but as an homage or tribute due to their transcendency which is a fault their Clergie are also guilty of whose living is upon the bounty of their hearers On Sundays in the afternoon when Sermon is ended the people in the Galleries come down and march two a breast up one Ile and down the other until they come before the desk for Pulpit they have none before the desk is a long pue where the Elders and Deacons sit one of them with a mony box in his hand into which the people as they pass put their offering some a shilling some two shillings half a Crown five shillings according to their ability and good will after this they conclude with a Psalm but this by the way The chiefest objects of discipline Religion and morality they want some are of a Linsie-woolsie disposition of several professions in Religion all like Aethiopians white in the Teeth only full of ludification and injurious dealing and cruelty the extreamest of all vices The chiefest cause of Noah's floud Prov. 27.26 Agni erant ad vestitum tuum is a frequent Text among them no trading for a stranger with them but with a Graecian faith which is not to part with your ware without ready money for they are generally in their payments recusant and slow great Syndies or censors or controllers of other mens manners and savagely factious amongst themselves There are main travelling women too in Salomon's sence more the pitty when a woman hath lost her Chastity she hath no more to lose But mistake me not to general speeches none but the guilty take exceptions there are many sincere and religious people amongst them descryed by their charity and humility the true Characters of Christianity by their Zenodochie or hospitality by their hearty submission to their Soveraign the King of England by their diligent and honest labour in their callings amongst these we may account the Royalists who are lookt upon with an evil eye and tongue boulted or punished if they chance to lash out the tame Indian for so they call those that are born in the Countrey are pretty honest too and may in good time be known for honest Kings men They have store of Children and are well accommodated with Servants many hands make light work many hands make a full fraught but many mouths eat up all as some old planters have experimented of these some are English others Negroes of the English there are can eat till they sweat and work till they freeze of the females that are like Mrs. Winters paddocks very tender fingerd in cold weather There are none that beg in the Countrey but there be Witches too many bottle-bellied Witches amongst the Quakers and others that produce many strange apparitions if you will believe report of a Shallop at Sea man'd with women of a Ship and a great red Horse standing by the main-mast the Ship being in a small Cove to the Eastward vanished of a suddain Of a Witch that appeared aboard of a Ship twenty leagues to Sea to a Mariner who took up the Carpenters broad Axe and cleft her head with it the Witch dying of the wound at home with such like bugbears and Terriculamentaes It is published in print that there are not much less than Ten hundred thousand souls English Scotch and Irish in New-England Most of their first Magistrates are dead not above two left in the Massachusets but one at Plimouth one at Connecticut and one at New-haven they having done their generation work are laid asleep in their beds of rest till the day of doom there and then to receive their reward according as they have done be it good or evil Things of great indurance we see come to ruine and alter as great Flouds and Seas dryed up mighty hills and mountains sunk into hollow bottoms marvel not then that man is mortal since his nature is unconstant and transitory The Diseases
by one Andrew Thorn the Southern part but 600 leagues from England John de Ponce for the Spaniard took possession of Florida Anno Domini 1528 Nevis or Mevis planted now according to some writers Anno Domini 1534 Califormia questioned â—â—â—ther Island or Continent first discovered be the Spaniard Nova Francia lying between the 40 and 50 degree of the Artic-poles Altitude discovered by Jaques Carthier in his first voyage the first Colony planted in Canada Anno Domini 1536 The Puritan-Church policy began now in Geneva Anno Domini 1542 Monsieur du Barvals voyage to Nova Francia sent to inhabite those parts Anno Domini 1548 Henry the Eighth dyed Edward the Sixth King of England began to Raign Sebastian Cabota made grand Pilot of England by Edward the Sixth Anno Domini 1550 The sweating sickness in England Anno Domini 1553 Edward the Sixth dyed Mary Queen of England began to Raign Sir Hugh Willoughby and all his men in two Ships in his first attempt to discover the North-east passage were in October frozen to death in the Haven called Arzima in Lapland Anno Domini 1558 Queen Mary dyed Elizabeth Queen of England began to Raign November the Seventeenth Anno Domini 1560 Salvaterra a Spaniard his voyage to the North-west passage Anno Domini 1562 Sir John Hawkin's first voyage to the West-Indies The first expedition of the French into Florida undertaken by John Ribald Anno Domini 1565 Tobacco first brought into England by Sir John Hawkins but it was first brought into use by Sir Walter Rawleigh many years after Anno Domini 1566 The Puritans began to appear in England Anno Domini 1569 Anthony Jenkinson the first of the English that sailed through the Caspian-Sea Anno Domini 1572 Private Presbyteries now first erected in England Sir Francis Drake's first voyage to the West-Indies Anno Domini 1573 The Hollanders seek for aid from Queen Elizabeth Anno Domini 1576 Sir Martin Frobisher the first in Queen Elizabeths days that sought for the Northwest passage or the streight or passage to China and meta incognita in three several voyages others will have it in 1577. Anno Domini 1577 November the 17 Sir Francis Drake began his voyage about the world with five Ships and 164 men setting sail from Plimouth putting off Cape de verde The beginning of February he saw no Land till the fifth of April being past the line 30 degrees of latitude and in the 36 degree entered the River Plates whence he fell with the streight of Magellan the 21 of August which with three of his Ships he passed having cast off the other two as impediments to him and the Marigold tossed from her General after passage was no more seen The other commanded by Capt. Winter shaken off also by Tempest returned thorow the Streights and recovered England only the Pellican whereof himself was Admiral held on her course to Chile Coquimbo Cinnama Palma Lima upon the west of America where he passed the line 1579 the first day of March and so forth until he came to the latitude 47. Thinking by those North Seas to have found passage to England but fogs frosts and cold winds forced him to turn his course South-west from thence and came to Anchor 38 degrees from the line where the King of that Countrey presented him his Net-work Crown of many coloured feathers and therewith resigned his Scepter of Government unto his Dominion which Countrey Sir Francis Drake took possession of in the Queens name and named it Nova Albion which is thought to be part of the Island of Califormia Sir Martin Frobisher's second voyage Anno Domini 1578 Sir Humphrey Gilbert a Devonshire Knight attempted to discover Virginia but without success Sir Martin Frobisher's third voyage to Meta incognita Freezeland now called West-England 25 leagues in length in the latitude of 57. Sir Francis Drake now passed the Streights of Magellan in the Ship called the Pellican Anno Domini 1579 Sir Francis Drake discovered Nova Albion in the South-Sea Others will have Sir Martin Frobisher's first voyage to discover the North-west passage to be this year Anno Domini 1580 From Nova Albion he fell with Ternate one of the Isles of Molucco being courteously entertained of the King and from thence he came unto the Isles of Calebes to Java Major to Cape buona speranza and fell with the coasts of Guinea where crossing again the line he came to the height of the Azâ—res and thence to England upon the third of November 1580. after three years lacking twelve days and was Knighted and his Ship laid up at Deptford as a monument of his fame Anno Domini 1581 The Provinces of Holland again seek for aid to the Queen of England Anno Domini 1582 Sir Humphrey Gilbert took possession of New found-land or Terra Nova in the harbour of St. John for and in the name of Queen Elizabeth it lyeth over against the gulf of St. Lawrence and is between 46 and 53 degrees of the North-poles Altitude Anno Domini 1583 Sir Walter Rawleigh in Ireland Sir Humphrey Gilbert attempted a plantation in some remote parts in new-New-England He perished in his return from New-found-land Anno Domini 1584 The woful year of subscription so called by the Brethren or Disciplinarians Sir Walter Rawleigh obtained of Queen Elizabeth a Patent for the discovery and peopling of unknown Countries not actually possessed by any Christian Prince Dated March 25. in the six and twentieth of her Raign April the 27 following he set forth two Barkes under the Command of Mr. Philip Amedas and Mr. Arthur Barlow who arrived on that part of America which that Virgin Queen named Virginia and thereof in her Majesties name took possession July the Thirteenth Anno Domini 1585 Cautionary Towns and Forts in the low-Countreys delivered unto Queen Elizabeths hands Sir Richard Greenvile was sent by Sir Walter Rawleigh April the Ninth with a Fleet of 7 sail to Virginia and was stiled the General of Virginia He landed in the Island of St. John de porto Rico May the Twelfth and there fortified themselves and built a Pinnasse c. In Virginia they left 100 men under the Government of Mr. Ralph Lane and others Sir Francis Drake's voyage to the West-Indies wherein were â—â—ken the Cities of St. Jago St. Domingo Cartagena and the Town of St. Augustine in Florida Now say some Tobacco was first brought into England by Mr. Ralph Lane out of Virginia Others will have Tobacco to be first brought into England from Peru by Sir Francis Drake's Mariners Capt. John Davies first voyage to discover the North-west passage encouraged by Sir Francis Walsingham principal Secretary Anno Domini 1586 Mr. Thomas Candish of Trimely in the County of Suffolk Esq began his voyage in the ship called the Desire and two ships more to the South-Sea through the Streights of Magellan and from thence round about the circumserence of the whole earth burnt and ransack'd in the entrance of
New-England and now we are 100 and 75 leagues off Cape-Sable the sandy Cape for so Sable in French signifieth off of which lyeth the Isle of Sable which is beyond New-found-land where they take the Amphibious Creature the Walrus Mors or Sea-Horse The Two and twentieth another passenger dyed of a Consumption Now we passed by the Southern part of New-found-land within sight of it the Southern part of New-found-land is said to be not above 600 leagues from England The Six and twentieth day Capt. Thomas Cammock went aboard of a Barke of 300 Tuns laden with Island Wine and but 7 men in her and never a Gun bound for Richmonds Island set out by Mr. Trelaney of Plimouth exceeding hot weather now The Eight and twentieth one of Mr. Edward Ting's the undertakers men now dyed of the Phthisick The Nine and twentieth day sounded at night and found 120 fathome water the head of the Ship struck against a rock At 4 of the clock we descryed two sail bound for New-found-land and so for the Streights they told us of a general Earth-quake in New-England of the Birth of a Monster at Boston in the Massachusets-Bay a mortality and now we are two leagues off Cape Aun The Thirtieth day proved stormie and having lost the sight of Land we saw none untill the morning doubtfully discovering the Coast fearing the Lee-shore all night we bore out to Sea July the first day we founded at 8 of the clock at night and found 93 fathome water descried land The Third day we Anchored in the Bay of Massachusets before Boston Mr. Tinges other man now dyed of the small pox The Tenth day I went a shore upon Noddles Island to Mr. Samuel Maverick for my passage the only hospitable man in all the Countrey giving entrtainment to all Comers gratis Now before I proceed any further it will not be Impertinent to give the intending planter some Instructions for the furnishing of himself with things necessary and for undertaking the Transport of his Family or any others To which end observe that a Ship of 150 Tuns with 2 Decks and a half and 26 men with 12 pieces of Ordnance the charge will amount per moneth with the Mariners to 120 pound per moneth It is better to let the Owners undertake for the Victualling of the Mariners and their pay for Wages and the Transporter only to take care of the passengers The common proportion of Victuals for the Sea to a Mess being 4 men is as followeth Two piece of Beef of 3 pound and ¼ per piece Four pound of Bread One pound 1 â— of Pease Four Gallons of Bear with Mustard and Vinegar for three flesh dayes in the week For four fish dayes to each mess per day Two pieces of Codd or Habberdine making three pieces of a fish One quarter of a pound of Butter Four pound of Bread Three quarters of a pound of Cheese Bear as before Oatmeal per day for 50 men Gallon 1. and so proportionable for more or fewer Thus you see the Ships provision is Beef or Porke Fish Butter Cheese Pease Pottage Water-gruel Bisket and six shilling Bear For private fresh provision you may carry with you in case you or any of yours should be sick at Sea Conserves of Roses Clove-gilliflowers Wormwood Green-Ginger Burnt-Wine English Spirits Prunes to stew Raisons of the Sun Currence Sugar Nutmeg Mace Cinnamâ—n Pepper and Ginger White Bisket or Spanish rusk Eggs Rice juice of Lemmons well put up to cure or prevent the Scurvy Small Skillets Pipkins Porrengers and small Frying pans To prevent or take away Sea sickness Conserve of Wormwood is very proper but these following Troches I prefer before it First make paste of Sugar and Gum-Dragagant mixed together then mix therewith a reasonable quantitie of the powder of Cinnamâ—n and Ginger and if you please a little Musk also and make it up into Roules of several fashions which you may gild of this when you are troubled in your Stomach take and eat a quantity according to discretion Apparel for one man and after the rate for more  l. s. d. One Hatt 0 3 0 One Monmouth Cap 0 1 10 Three falling bands 0 1 3 Three Shirts 0 7 6 One Wastcoat 0 2 6 One suit of Frize 0 19 0 One suit of Cloth 0 15 0 One suit of Canvas 0 7 6 Three pair of Irish Stockins 0 5 0 Four pair of Shoos 0 8 0 One pair of Canvas Sheets 0 8 0 Seven ells of course Canvas to make a bed at Sea for two men to be filled with straw 0 5 0 One course Rug at Sea for two men 0 6 0 Sum Total 4 0 0 Victuals for a whole year to be carried out of England for one man and so for more after the rate  l. s. d. Eight bushels of Meal 2 0 0 Two bushels of Pease at three shillings a bushel 0 6 0 Two bushels of Oatmeal at four and six pence the bushel 0 9 0 One Gallon of Aqua vitae 0 2 6 One Gallon of Oyl 0 3 6 Two Gallons of Vinegar 2 0 0 Note Of Sugar and Spice 8 pound make the stone 13 stone and an half i. e. 100 pound maketh the hundred but your best way is to buy your Sugar there for it is cheapest but for Spice you must carry it over with you  l. s. d. A Hogshead of English Beef will cost 5 0 0 A Hogshead of Irish Beef will cost 2 10 0 A Barrel of Oatmeal 0 13 0 A Hogshead of Aqua-vitae will cost 4 0 0 A Hogshead of Vinegar 1 0 0 A bushel of Mustard-seed 0 6 0 A Kental of fish Cod or Habberdine is 112 pound will cost if it be merchantable fish Two or three and thirty Rials a Kental if it be refuse you may have it for 10 or 11 shillings a Kental Wooden Ware  l. s. d. A pair of Bellowes 0 2 0 A Skoope 0 0 9 A pair of Wheels for a Cart if you buy them in the Countrey they will cost 3 or 4 pound 0 14 0 Wheelbarrow you may have there ' in England they cost 0 6 0 A great pail in England will cost 0 0 10 A Boat called a Canow will cost in the Countrey with a pair of Paddles if it be a good one 3 0 0 A short Oake ladder in England will cost but 0 0 10 A Plough 0 3 9 An Axletree 0 0 8 A Cart 0 10 0 For a casting shovel 0 0 10 For a shovel 0 0 6 For a Sack 0 2 4 For a Lanthorn 0 1 3 For Tobacco pipes short heads and great bouls 14 pence and 16 pence the grose  l. s. d. For clipping an hundred sheep in England 0 4 6 For winding the Wool 0 0 8 For washing them 0 2 0 For one Garnish of Peuter 2 0 0 Prizes of Iron Ware Arms for one man but if half of your men have Armour it is sufficient so that all have pieces and swords One Armour compleat light 0
58 and in 166 â— 3. January 26 27 28. which was the year before I came thither there were Earthquakes 6 or 7 times in the space of three dayes Earthquakes are frequent in the Countrie some suppose that the white mountains were first raised by Earthquakes they are hollow as may be guessed by the resounding of the rain upon the level on the top The Indians told us of a River whose course was not only stopt by an Earthquake in 1668. as near as I can remember but the whole River swallowed up And I have heard it reported from credible persons that whilst I was there in the Countrie there happened a terrâ—ble Earthquake amongst the French rending a huge Rock asunder even to the center wherein was a vast hollow of an immeasurable depth out of which came many infernal Spirits I shall conclude this discourse of Earthquakes with that which came from the Pen of our Royal Martyr King Charles the First A storm at Sea wants not its terrour but an Earthquake shaking the very foundation of all the World hath nothing more of horrour And now I come to the plants of the Countrie The plants in New England for the variety number beauty and vertues may stand in Competition with the plants of any Countrey in Europe Johnson hath added to Gerard's Herbal 300. and Parkinson mentioneth many more had they been in New England they might have found 1000 at least never heard of nor seen by any Englishman before 'T is true the Countrie hath no Bonerets or Tartarlambs no glittering coloured Tuleps but here you have the American Mary Gold the Earth-nut bearing a princely Flower the beautiful leaved Pirola the honied Colibry c. They are generally of somewhat a more masculine vertue than any of the same spicies in England but not in so terrible a degree as to be mischievous or ineffectual to our English bodies It is affirm by some that no forraign Drugg or Simple can be so proper to Englishmen as their own for the quantity of Opium which Turks do safely take will kill four Englishmen and that which will salve their wounds within a day will not recure an Englishman in three To which I answer that it is custom that brings the Turks to the familiar use of Opium You may have heard of a Taylor in Kent who being afflicted with want of sleep ventured upon Opium taking at first a grain and increasing of it till it came to an ounce which quantitie he took as familiarly as a Turk without any harm more than that he could not sleep without it The English in New-England take white Hellebore which operates as fairly with them as with the Indians who steeping of it in water sometime give it to young lads gathered together a purpose to drink if it come up they force them to drink again their vomit which they save in a Birchen-dish till it stayes with them he that gets the victory of it is made Captain of the other lads for that year There is a plant likewise called for want of a name Clownes wound wort by the English though it be not the same that will heal a green wound in 24 hours if a wise man have the ordering of it Thus much for the general I shall now begin to discover unto you the plants more particularly and I shall first begin with Trees and of them first with such as are called in Scripture Trees of God that is great Trees that grow of themselves without planting Psal 104.16 17. Satiantur arbores Jehovae cedri libani quas plantavit ubi aviculae nidificent abietes domicilia ciconiae The Herons take great delight to sit basking upon the tops of these Trees And I shall not be over large in any having written of them in my Treatise of the rarities of New England to which I refer you The Oake I have given you an account of and the kinds I shall add the ordering of Red Oake for Wainscot When they have cut it down and clear'd it from the branches they pitch the body of the Tree in a muddy place in a River with the head downward for some time afterwards they draw it out and when it is seasoned sufficiently they saw it into boards for Wainscot and it will branch out into curious works There is an admirable rare Creature in shape like a Buck with Horns of a gummy substance which I have often found in the fall of the leaf upon the ground amongst the withered leaves a living Creature I cannot call it having only the sign of a mouth and eyes seldom or never shall you meet with any of them whole but the head and horns or the hinder parts broken off from the rest the Indians call them Tree Bucks and have a superstitious saying for I believe they never see any of them living that if they can see a Tree Buck walking upon the branches of an Oake when they go out in a morning to hunt they shall have good luck that day What they are good for I know not but certainly there is some more than ordinary vertue in them It is true that nothing in nature is superfluous and we have the Scripture to back it that God created nothing in vain The like Creatures they have at the Barbadoes which they call Negroes heads found in the Sands about two inches long with forehead eyes nose mouth chin and part of the neck they are alwayes found loose in the Sands without any root it is as black as Jet but whence it comes they know not I have read likewise that in the Canaries or Fortunate-Islands there is found a certain Creature which Boys bring home from the mountains as oft as they would and named them Tudesquels or little Germans for they were dry'd dead Carcases almost three footed which any boy did easily carry in one of the palms of his hand and they were of an humane shape but the whole dead Carcase was clearly like unto Parchment and their bones were flexible as it were griftles against the Sun also their bowels and intestines were seen Surely saith my Authour the destroyed race of the Pigmies was there There is also many times sound upon the leaves of the Oake a Creature like a Frog being as thin as a leaf and transparent as yellow as Gold with little fiery red eyes the English call them Tree-frogs or Tree-toads but of Tree-toads I shall have occasion to speak in another place they are said to be venemous but may be safely used being admirable to stop womens over-flowing courses hung about their necks in a Taffeâ—ie bag Captain Smith writes that in New-England there growes a certain berry called Kermes worth 10 shillings a pound and had been formerly sold for 30 or 40 shillings a pound which may yearly be gathered in good quantity I have sought for this berry he speaks of as a man should seek for a needle in a bottle of Hay but could never light upon it unless
look out for their food Pompiens and water Mellons too they have good store they have prodigious stomachs devouring a cruel deal meer voragoes never giving over eating as long as they have it between meals spending their time in sleep till the next kettlefull is boiled when all is gone they satisfie themselves with a small quantity of the meal making it serve as the frugal bit amongst the old Britains which taken to the mountenance of a Bean would satisfie both thirst and hunger If they have none of this as sometimes it falleth out being a very careless people not providing against the storms of want and tempest of necessity they make use of Sir Francis Drake's remedy for hunger go to sleep They live long even to an hundred years of age if they be not cut off by their Children war and the plague which together with the small pox hath taken away abundance of them Pâ—iny reckons up but 300 Diseases in and about man latter writers Six thousand 236 belonging to the eyes There are not so many Diseases raigning amongst them as our Europeans The great pox is proper to them by reason as some do deem that they are Man-eaters which Diseâ—se was brought amongst our Europeans first by the Spaniards that went with Christopher Columbus who brought it to Naples with their Indian-women with whom the Italians and French conversed Anno Dom. 1493. Paracelsus saith it hapned in the year 1478 and 1480. But all agree that it was not known in Europe before Columbus his voyage to America It hath continued amongst us above two hundred and three score years There are Diseases that are proper to certain climates as the Leprosie to Aegypt swelling of the Throat or Mentegra to Asia the sweating sickness to the Inhabitants of the North to the Portugals the Phthisick to Savoy the mumps So to the West-Indies the Pox but this doth not exclude other Diseases In New-England the Indians are afflicted with pestilent Feavers Plague Black-pox Consumption of the Lungs Falling-sickness Kings-evil and a Disease called by the Spaniard the Plague in the back with us Empyema their Physicians are the Powaws or Indian Priests who cure sometimes by charms and medicine but in a general infection they seldom come amongst them therefore they use their own remedies which is sweating c. Their manner is when they have plague or small pox amongst them to cover their Wigwams with Bark so close that no Air can enter in lining them as I said before within and making a great fire they remain there with a stewing heat till they are in a top sweat and then run out into the Sea or River and presently after they are come into their Hutts again they either recover or give up the Ghost they dye patiently both men and women not knowing of a Hell to scare them nor a Conscience to terrifie them In times of general Mortality they omit the Ceremonies of burying exposing their dead Carkases to the Beasts of prey But at other times they dig a Pit and set the diseased therein upon his breech upright and throwing in the earth cover it with the sods and bind them down with sticks driving in two slakes at each end their mournings are somewhat like the howlings of the Fish seldom at the grave but in the Wigwam where the party dyed blaming the Devil for his hard heartedness and concluding with rude prayers to him to afflict them to further They acknowledge a God who they call Squanâ—â—m but worship him they do not because they say he will do them no harm But Abbâ—mocho or Cheepie many times smites them with incurable Diseases scares them with his Apparitions and pannick Terrours by reason whereof they live in a wretched consternation worshipping the Devil for fear One black Robin an Indian sitting down in the Corn field belonging to the house where I resided ran out of his Wigwam frighted with the apparition of two infernal spirits in the shape of Mohawkes Another time two Indians and an Indess came running into our house crying out they should all dye Cheepie was gone over the field gliding in the Air with a long rope hanging from one of his legs we askt them what he was like they said all wone Englishman clothed with hat and coat shooes and stockings c. They have a remarkable observation of a flame that appears before the death of an Indian or English upon their Wigwams in the dead of the night The first time that I did see it I was call'd out by some of them about twelve of the clock it being a very dark night I perceived it plainly mounting into the Air over our Church which was built upon a plain little more than half a quarter of a mile from our dwelling house on the Northside of the Church look on what side of a house it appears from that Coast respectively you shall hear of a Coarse within two or three days They worship the Devil as I said their Priests are called Powaws and are little betteâ— than Witches for they have familiar conference with him who makes them invulnerable that is shot-free and stick-free Craftie Rogues abusing the rest at their pâ—easure having power over them by reason of their Diabolical Art in curing of Diseases which is performed with rude Ceremonies they place the sick upon the ground siâ—ring and dance in an Antick manner round about him beating their naked breasts with a strong hand and making hideous faces sometimes calling upon the Devil for his help mingling their prayers with horrid and barbarous charms if the sick recover they send rich gifts their Bowes and Arrowes Wempompers Mohacks Beaver skins or other rich Furs to the Eâ—stward where there is a vast Rock not far from the shore having a hole in it of an unsearchable profundity into which they throw them Their Theologie is not much but questionless they acknowledge a God and a Devil and some small light they have of the Souls immortality for ask them whither they go when they dye they will tell you pointing with their finger to Heaven beyond the white mountains and do hint at Noah's Floud as may be conceived by a story they have received from Father to Son time out of mind that a great while agon their Countrey was drowned and all the People and other Creatures in it only one Powaw and his Webb foreseeing the Floud fled to the white mountains carrying a hare along with them and so escaped after a while the Powaw sent the Hare away who not returning emboldned thereby they descended and lived many years after and had many Children from whom the Countrie was filled again with Indians Some of them tell another story of the Beaver saying that he was their Father Their learning is very little or none Poets they are as may be ghessed by their formal speeches sometimes an hour long the last word of a line riming with the last word of the following line and the
other Indians their weapons of Defence and Offence are Bowes and Arrowes of late he is a poor Indian that is not master of two Guns which they purchase of the French and powder and shot they are generally excellent marks men their other weapons are Tamahawks which are staves two foot and a half long with a knob at the end as round as a bowl and as big as that we call the Jack or Mistriss Lances too they have made as I have said before with broken sword blades likewise they have Hatchers and knives but these are weapons of a latter date They colour their faces red all over supposing that it makes them the more terrible they are lusty Souldiers to see to and very strong meer Hercules Rusticuses their fights are by Ambushments and Surprises coming upon one another unawares They will march a hundred miles through thick woods and swamps to the Mowhawks Countrey and the Mowhawks into their Countrey meeting sometimes in the woods or when they come into an Enemies Countrey build a rude fort with Pallizadoes having loop-holes out of which they shoot their Arrowes and fire their Guns pelting at one another a week or moneth together If any of them step out of the Fort they are in danger to be taken prisoners by the one side or the other that side that gets the victory excoriats the hairscalp of the principal slain Enemies which they bear away in Triumph their prisoners they bring home the old men and women they knock in the head the young women they keep and the men of war they torture to death as the Eastern Indians did two Mâ—whawks whilst I was there they bind him to a Tree and make a great fire before him then with sharp knives they cut off the first joynts of his fingers and toes then câ—ap upon them hot Embers to sear the vains so they cut him a pieces joynt after joynt still applying hot Embers to the place to stanch the bloud making the poor wretch to sing all the while when Arms and Legs are gone they flâ—y off the skin of their Heads and presently put on a Cap of burning Embers then they open his breast and take out his heart which while it is yet living in a manner they give to their old Squaes who are every one to have a bite at it These Barbarous Customs were used amongst them more frequently before the English came but since by the great mercy of the Almighty they are in a way to be Civilized and converted to Christianity there being three Churches of Indians gathered together by the pains of Mr. John Eliot and his Son who Preaches to them in their Native language and hath rendered the Bible in that Language for the benefit of the Indians These go clothed like the English live in framed houses have flocks of Corn and Cattle about them which when they are fat they bring to the English Markets the Hogs that they rear are counted the best in New-England Some of their Sons have been brought up Scholars in Harvard Colledge and I was told that there was but two Fellowes in that Colledge and one of them was an Indian some few of these Christian Indians have of late Apostatized and fallen back to their old Superstition and course of life Thus much shall suffice concerning New-England as it was when the Indians solely possest it I will now proceed to give you an accompt of it as it is under the management of the English but methinks I hear my sceptick Readers muttering out of their scuttle mouths what will accrew to us by this rambling Logodiarce you do but bring straw into Egypt a Countrey abounding with Corn. Thus by these Famacides who are so minutely curious I am dejected from my hope whilst they challenge the freedom of David's Russins Our Tongues are our own who shall controll us I have done what I can to please you I have piped and you will not dance I have told you as strange things as ever you or your Fathers have heard The Italian saith Chi vide un miraculo facilmente ne crede un altro he that hath seen one miracle will easilie believe another miranda canunt sed non credenda poetae Oh I see the pad you never heard nor saw the like therefore you do not believe me well Sirs I shall not strain your belief and further the following Relation I hope will be more tolerable yet I could it is possible insert as wonderful things as any my pen hath yet gone over and may but it must be upon condition you will not put me to the proof of it Nemo tenetur ad impossibilia no man is obliged to do more than is in his power is a rule in law To be short if you cannot with the Bee gather the honey with the Spider suck out the poyson as Sir John Davis hath it The Bee and Spider by a divers power Suck honey and poyson from the self-same flower I am confident you will get but little poyson here no 't is the poyson of Asps under your tongue that swells you truly I do take you rather to be Spider catchers than Spiders such as will not laudably imploy themselves nor suffer others you may well say non amo hominem sed non possum dicere quare unless it be because I am a Veronessa no Romancer To conclude if with your mother wit you can mend the matter take pen in hand and fall to work do your Countrey some service as I have done according to my Talent Henceforth you are to expect no more Relations from me I am now return'd into my Native Countrey and by the providence of the Almighty and the bounty of my Royal Soveraigness am disposed to a holy quiet of study and meditation for the good of my soul and being blessed with a transmentitation or change of mind and weaned from the world may take up for my word non est mortale quod opto If what I have done is thought uprears for the approvement of those to whom it is intended I shall be more than meanly contented New-England was first discovered by John Cabota and his Son Sebastian in Anno Dom. 1514. A further discovery afterwards was made by the honourable Sir Walter Rawleigh Knight in Anno 1584. when as Virginia was discovered which together with Mary-land New-England Nova Scotia was known by one common name to the Indians Wingandicoa and by Sir Walter Rawleigh in honour of our Virgin Queen in whose nâ—me he took possâ—ssion of it Virginia In King James his Reign it was divided into Provinces as is before named In 1602. these north parts were further discovered by Capt. Bartholomew Gosnold The first English that planted there set down not far from the Narragansets-Bay and called their Colony Plimouth since old Plimouth An. Dom. 1602. Sir John Popham Lord chief Justice authorized by his Majesty King James sent a Colony of English to Sagadebock An. 1606. Newfound-land was discovered
Town from the beginning of it to 1669 is just forty years in which time there hath been an increasing of forty Churches in this Colony but many more in the rest and Towns in all New-England one hundred and twenty for the most part along the Sea Coasts as being wholsomest for somewhat more than two hundred miles onely on Connecticut-River as I have said is thirteen Towns not far off one another The other Towns of note in this Colony are Green-Harbour to the Eastward of Plimonth towards the point of the Cape therefore somewhat unaccessible by land here is excellent Timber for shipping then Marshfield Yarmouth Rehoboth Bridgwater Warwick Taunton Eastham by the Indians called Namset The first Town Northeast from Greenbarbor is Sittuate in the jurisdiction of the Mattachusets-Colony more Northward of Sittuate is Conchusset and Hull a little Burg lying open to the Sea from thence we came to Merton-point over against which is Pullin-point Upon Merton-point which is on the Larboard-side is a Town called Nantascot which is two Leagues from Boston where Ships commonly cast Anchor Pullin-point is so called because the Boats are by the seasing or Roads haled against the Tide which is very strong it is the usual Channel for Boats to pass into Mattachusets-Bay There is an Island on the South-side of the passage containing eight Acres of ground Upon a rising hill within this Island is mounted a Castle commanding the entrance no stately Edifice nor strong built with Brick and Stone kept by a Captain under whom is a master-Gunner and others The Bay is large made by many Islands the chief Deere-Island which is within a flight shot of Pullin-point great store of Deere were wont to swim thither from the Main then Bird-Island Glass-Island Slate-Island the Governours Garden where the first Apple-Trees in the Countrey were planted and a vinyard then Round-Island and Noddles-Island not far from Charles-Town most of these Islands lye on the North-side of the Bay The next Town to Nantascot on the South-side of the Bay is Wissaguset a small Village about three miles from Mount-wolleston about this Town the soil is very sertile Within sight of this is Mount-wolleston or Merry-mount called Massachusets-fields where Chicatabat the greatest Sagamore of the Countrey lived before the plague here the Town of Braintree is seated no Boat nor Ship can come near to it here is an Iron mill to the West of this Town is Naponset-River Sâ—x miles beyond Braintree lyeth Dorchester a frontire Town pleasantly seated and of large extent into the main land well watered with two small Rivers her body and wings filled somewhat thick with houses to the number of two hundred and more beautified with fair Orchards and Gardens having also plenty of Corn-land and store of Cattle counted the greatest Town heretofore in new-New-England but now gives way to Boston it hath a Harbout to the North for Ships A mile from Dorchester is the Town of Roxbury a fair and handsome Countrey Town the streets large the Inhabitants rich replenished with Orchards and Gardens well watered with springs and small freshets a brook runs through it called Smelt-River a quarter of a mile to the North-side of the Town runs stony River it is seated in the bottom of a shallow Bay but hath no harbour for shipping Boats come to it it hath store of Land and Cattle Two miles Northeast from Roxbury and Forty miles from New-Plimouth in the latitude of 42 or 43 degrees and 10 minutes in the bottom of Massachusets-Bay is Boston whose longitude is 315 degrees or as others will 322 degrees and 30 seconds So called from a Town in Lincolnshire which in the Saxons time bare the name of St. Botolph and is the Metropolis of this Colony or rather of the whole Countrey situated upon a Peninsula about four miles in compass almost square and invironed with the Sea saving one small Isthmus which gives access to other Towns by land on the South-side The Town hath two hills of equal height on the frontire part thereof next the Sea the one well fortified on the superficies with some Artillery mounted commanding any Ship as she sails into the Harbour within the still Bay the other hill hath a very strong battery built of whole Timber and fill'd with earth at the descent of the hill in the extreamest part thereof betwixt these two strong Arms lyes a large Cove or Bay on which the chiefest part of the Town is built to the Northwest is a high mountain that out-tops all with its three little rising hills on the summit called Tramount this is furnished with a Beacon and great Guns from hence you may overlook look all the Islands in the Bay and descry such Ships as are upon the Coast the houses are for the most part raised on the Sea-banks and wharfed out with great industry and cost many of them standing upon piles close together on each side the streets as in London and furnished with many fair shops their materials are Brick Stone Lime handsomely contrived with three meeting Houses or Churches and a Town-house built upon pillars where the Merchants may confer in the Chambers above they keep their monethly Courts Their streets are many and large paved with pebble stone and the South-side adorned with Gardens and Orchards The Town is rich and very populous much frequented by strangers here is the dwelling of their Governour On the North-west and Northeast two constant Fairs are kept for daily Traffick thereunto On the South there is a small but pleasant Common where the Gallants a little before Sun-set walk with their Marmalet-Madams as we do in Morefields c. till the nine a clock Bell rings them home to their respective habitations when presently the Constables walk their rounds to see good orders kept and to take up loose people Two miles from the town at a place called Muddy-River the Inhabitants have Farms to which belong rich arable grounds and meadows where they keep their Cattle in the Summer and bring them to Boston in the Winter the Harbour before the Town is filled with Ships and other Vessels for most part of the year Hingham is a Town situated upon the Sea-coasts South-east of Charles-River here is great store of Timber deal-boards masts for Ships white-Cedar and fish is here to be had Dedham an inland-town ten miles from Boston in the County of Suffolk well watered with many pleasant streams and abounding with Garden fruit the Inhabitants are Husbandmen somewhat more than one hundred Families having store of Cattle and Corn. The Town of Waymouth lyes open to the Sea on the East Rocks and Swamps to the South-ward good store of Deer arable â—and and meadows On the North-side of Boston flows Charles-River which is about six fathom deep many small Islands lye to the Bayward â—nd hills on either side the River a very good harbour here may forty Ships ride â—he passage from Boston to Charles-Town is â—y a Ferry worth forty
thereof is situated Newherrie the houses are scattering well stored with meadow upland and â—rable and about four hundred head of Cattle Over against Newberrie lyes the Town of Salisbury where a constant Ferry is kept the River being here half a mile broad the Town scatteringly built Hâ—rd upon the River of Shashin where Merrimach receives this and the other branch into its body is seated Andover stored with land and Cattle Beyond this Town by the branch of Merrimach-River called Shashin lyeth Haverhill a Town of large extent about ten miles in length the inhabitants Husbandmen this Town is not far from Salisbury Over against Haverhill lyeth the Town of Malden which I have already mentioned In a low level upon a fresh River a branch of Merrimach is seated Concord the first inland Town in Massachusets patent well stored with fish Salmon Dace Alewive Shade c. abundance of fresh maish and Cattle this place is subject to bitter â—â—orms The next Town is Sudbury built upon the same River where Concord is but further up to this Town likewise belongs great store of fresh marshes and Arable land and they have many Cattle it lyeth low by reason whereof it is much indammaged with flouds In the Centre of the Countrey by a great pond side and not far from Woeburn is situated Reading it hath two mills a saw-mill and a Corn-mill and is well stockt with Cattle The Colony is divided into four Counties the first is Suffolk to which belongs Dorchester Roxbury Waymouth Hingham Dedham Braintre Sittuate Hull Nantascot Wisagusset The second County is Middlesex to this belongs Charles-town Watertown Cambridge Concord Sudbury Woeburn Reading Malden Mistick Medford Winnisimet and Marble-head To the third County which is Essex belongs New-Salem Linn Ipswich New-Berry Rowley Glocester Wenham and Andover The fourth County is Northfolk to this belongs Salisbury Hampton and Haverhill In the year of our Lord 1628 Mr. John Endicot with a number of English people set down by Capt-Aun at that place called afterwards Gloster but their abiding-place was at Salem where they built a Town in 1639. and there they gathered their first Church consisting but of Seventy persons but afterwards increased to forty three Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in those Churches were about Seven thousand seven hundred and fifty Souls Mr. Endicot was chosen their first Governour The Twelfth of July Anno Dom. 1630. John Wenthorp Esq and the assistants arrived with the Patent for the Massachusets the passage of the people that came along with him in ten Vessels came to 95000 pound the Swine Goats Sheep Neat Horses cost to transport 12000 pound bâ—sides the price they cost them getting food for the people till they could clear the ground of wood amounted to 45000 pound Nails Glass and other Iron work for their meeting and dwelling houses 13000 pound Arms Powder Bullet and March together with their Artillery 22000 pound the whole sum amounts unto One hundred ninety two thousand pounds They set down first upon Nâ—ddle-Island afterwards they began to build upon the main In 1637. there were not many houses in the Town of Boston amongst which were two houses of entertainment called Ordinaries into which if a stranger went he was presently followed by one appointed to that Office who would thrust himself into his company uninvited and if he called for more drink than the Officer thought in his judgment he could soberly bear away he would presently countermand it and appoint the proportion beyond which he could not get one drop The Patent was granted to Sir Henry Rosewell Sir John Young Knight Thomas Southcoat John Humphrey John Endicot and Simon Whitecomb and to their Heirs Assigns and Associats for ever These took to them other Associats as Sir Richard Saltonstall Isaac Johnson Samuel Aldersey Jo. Ven Matth Craddock George Harwood Increase Nowell Rich. Perry Rich. Bellingham Nathaniel Wright Samuel Vasell Theophilus Eaton Thomas Goffe Thomas Adams Jo. Brown Samuel Brown Thomas Hutchins Will Vasell Will. Pinchon and George Foxcroft Matth. Craddock was ordained and constituted Governour by Patent and Thomas Goffe Deputy Governour of the said Company the rest Assistants That part of New-England granted to these fore-mentioned Gentlemen lyeth and extendeth between a great River called Monumach alias Merrimach and the often frequented Charles-River being in the bottom of a Bay called Massachusets alias Mattachusets alias Massatusets-bay and also those lands within the space of three English miles on the South part of the said Charles-River or any or every part and all the lands within three miles to the South-ward part of the Massachusets-bay and all those lands which lye within the space of three English miles to the North-ward of the River Merrimach or to the North-ward of any and every part thereof and all lands whatsoever within the limits aforesaid North and South in latitude and in breadth and length and longitude of and within all the main land there from the Atlantick and Western-Sea and Ocean on the East-part to the South-Sea on the West-part and all lands and grounds place and places soils woods and wood-groves Havens Ports Rivers Waters fishings and Hereditaments whatsoever lying within the aforesaid lands and limits and every part and parcel thereof and also all Islands lying in America aforesaid in the said Seas or either of them on the Western or Eastern Coasts or parts of the said tracts of lands Also all mines and minerals as well Royal of Gold Silver as others c. With power to rule and govern both Sea and land holden of the East manner of Greenwich in Com. Kent in free and common soccage yielding and paying to the King the fifth part of the Oar of Gold and Silver which shall be found at any time This Colony is a body Corporated and Politick in fact by the name of the Governour and Company of the Mattachusets-bay in New-England That there shall be one Governour and Deputy-Governour and Eighteen Assistants of the same Company from time to time That the Governour and Deputy-Governour Assistants and all other Officers to be chosen from amongst the freemen the last Wednesday in Easter-term yearly in the general Court The Governour to take his Corporal Oath to be true and faithful to the Government and to give the same Oath to the other Officers To hold a Court once a month and any seven to be a sufficient Court And that there shall be four general Courts kept in Term time and one great general and solemn Assembly to make Laws and Ordinances So they be not contrary and repugnant to the Laws and Statutes of the Realm of England Their form of Government and what their Laws concern you may see in the ensuing Table Their Laws Concern 1 their-person 1 Magistrates Governour Assistants 1 Counfellers 2 Judges 1 of the whole Countrey 2 of each Town 2 People 1 of the whole Countrey 1 for their prorection 2 for their provision 2 of each Town concerning
that the English are afflicted with are the same that they have in England with some proper to New England griping of the belly accompanied with Feaver and Ague which turns to the bloudy-flâ—x a common disease in the Countrey which together with the small pox hath carried away abundance of their children for this the common medicines amongst the poorer sort are Pills of Cotton swallowed or Sugar and Sallet-oyl boiled thick and made into Pills Alloes pulverized and taken in the pap of an Apple I helped many of them with a sweating medicine only Also they are troubled with a disease in the mouth or throat which hath proved mortal to some in a very short time Quinsies and Impostumations of the Almonds with great distempers of cold Some of our New-England writers affirm that the English are never or very rarely heard to sneeze or cough as ordinarily they do in England which is not true For a cough or stitch upon cold Wormwood Sage Marygolds and Crabs-claws boiled in posset-drink and drunk off very warm is a soveraign medicine Pleurisies and Empyemas are frequent there both cured after one and the same way but the last is a desperate disease and kills many For the Pleurisie I have given Coriander-seed prepared Carduus-seed and Harts-horn pulverized with good success the dose one dram in a cup of Wine The Stone terribly afflicts many and the Gout and Sciatica for which take Onions roasted peeled and stampt then boil them with neats-feet oyl and Rhum to a plaister and apply it to the hip Head-aches are frequent Palsies Dropsies Worms Noli-me-tangeres Cancers pestilent Feavers Scurvies the body corrupted with Sea-diet Beef and Pork tainted Butter and Cheese corrupted fish rotten a long voyage coming into the searching sharpness of a purer climate causeth death and sickness amongst them Men and Women keep their complexions but lose their Teeth the Women are pittifully Tooth-shaken whether through the coldness of the climate or by sweet-meats of which they have store I am not able to affirm for the Toothach I have found the following medicine very available Brimstone and Gunpowder compounded with butter rub the mandible with it the outside being first warm'd For falling off of the hair occasioned by the coldness of the climate and to make it curl take of the strong water called Rhum and wash or bath your head therewith it is an admirable remedie For kibed heels to heal them take the yellowest part of Rozen pulverize it and work it in the palm of your hand with the tallow of a Candle to a salve and lay of it to the sore For frozen limbs a plaister framed with Soap Bay-salt and Molosses is sure or Cow-lung boiled in milk and applyed For Warts and Corns bathe them with Sea-water There was in the Countrey not long since living two men that voided worms seven times their length Likewise a young maid that was troubled with a sore pricking at her heart still as she lean'd her body or stept down with her soot to the one side or the other this maid during her distemper voided worms of the length of a finger all hairy with black heads it so fell out that the maid dyed her friends desirous to discover the cause of the distemper of her heart had her open'd and found two crooked bones growing upon the top of the heart which as she bowed her body to the right or left side would job their points into one and the same place till they had worn a hole quite through At Cape-Porpus lived an honest poor planter of middle-ige and strong of body but so extreamly troubled with two lumps or wens as I conjectured within him on each side one that he could not rest for them day nor night being of great weight and swagging to the one side or the other according to the motion or posture of his body at last he dyed in Anno 1668 as I think or thereabouts Some Chirurgeons there were that proffered to open him but his wife would not assent to it and so his disease was hidden in the Grave It is the opinion of many men that the blackness of the Negroes proceeded from the curse upon Cham's posterity others again will have it to be the property of the climate where they live I pass by other Philosophical reasons and skill only render you my experimental knowledge having a Barbarie-moor under cure whose finger prickt with the bone of a fish was Impostumated after I had lanc'd it and let out the Corruption the skin began to rise with proud flesh under it this I wore away and having made a sound bottom I incarnated it and then laid on my skinning plaister then I perceived that the Moor had one skin more than Englishmen the skin that is basted to the flesh is bloudy and of the same Azure colour with the veins but deeper than the colour of our Europeans veins Over this is an other skin of a tawny colour and upon that Epidermis or Cuticula the flower of the skin which is that Snakes cast and this is tawny also the colour of the blew skin mingling with the tawny makes them appear black I do not peremptorily affirm this to be the cause but submit to better judgment More rarities of this nature I could make known unto you but I hasten to an end only a word or two of our English Creatures and then to Sea again I have given you an Account of such plants as prosper there and of such as do not but so briefly that I conceive it necessary to afford you some what more of them Plantain I told you sprang up in the Countrey after the English came but it is but one sort and that is broad-leaved plantain Gilliflowers thrive exceedingly there and are very large the Collibuy or humming-Bird is much pleased with them Our English dames make Syrup of them without fire they steep them in Wine till it be of a deep colour and then they put to it spirit of Vitriol it will keep as long as the other Eglantine or sweet Bryer is best sowen with Juniper-berries two or three to one Eglantine-berry put into a hole made with a stick the next year separate and remove them to your banks in three years time they will make a hedge as high as a man which you may keep thick and handsome with cutting Our English Clover-grass sowen thrives very well Radishes I have seen there as big as a mans Arm. Flax and Hemp flourish gallantly Our Wheat i. e. summer Wheat many times changeth into Rye and is subject to be blasted some say with a vapour breaking out of the earth others with a wind North-east or North-west at such time as it flowereth others again say it is with lightning I have observed that when a land of Wheat hath been smitten with a blast at one Corner it begins at the stem which will be spotted and goes upwards to the ear making it fruitless in 1669 the pond that lyeth between
Water-town and Cambridge cast its fish dead upon the shore forc't by a mineral vapour as was conjectured Our fruit-Trees prosper abundantly Apple-trees Pear-trees Quince-trees Cherry-trees Plum-trees Barberry-trees I have observed with admiration that the Kernels sownor the Succors planted produce as fair good fruit without graffing as the Tree from whence they were taken the Countrey is replenished with fair and large Orchards It was affirmed by one Mr. Woolcut a magistrate in Connecticut Colony at the Captains Messe of which I was aboard the Ship I came home in that he made Five hundred Hogsheads of Syder out of his own Orchard in one year Syder is very plentiful in the Countrey ordinarily sold for Ten shillings a Hogshead At the Tap-houses in Boston I have had an Ale-quart spic'd and sweetned with Sugar for a groat but I shall insert a more delicate mixture of it Take of Maligo-Raisons stamp them and put milk to them and put them in an Hippocras-bag and let it drain out of it self put a quantity of this with a spoonful or two of Syrup of Clove-Gilliflowers into every bottle when you bottle your Syder and your Planter will have a liquor that exceeds passada the Nectar of the Countrey The Quinces Cherries Damsons set the Dames a work Marmalad and preserved Damsons is to be met with in every house It was not long before I left the Countrey that I made Cherry-wine and so may others for there are good store of them both red and black Their fruit-trees are subject two diseases the Meazels which is when they are burned and scorched with the Sun and lowsiness when the wood-peckers job holes in their bark the way to cure them when they are lowsie is to bore a hole into the main root with an Augur and pour in a quantity of Brandie or Rhum and then stop it up with a pin made of the same Tree The first Neat carried thither was to New-Plimouth Anno 162 these thrive and increase exceedingly but grow less in body than those they are bred of yearly Horses there are numerous and here and there a good one they let them run all the year abroad and in the winter seldom provide any fother for them except it be Magistrates great Masters and Troopers Horses which brings them very low in flesh till the spring and so crest fallen that their crests never rise again Here I first met with that excrescence called Hippomanes which by some is said to grow on the forehead of a foal new cast and that the Mare bites it off as soon as foaled but this is but a fable A neighbour at Black point having a Mare with foal tyed her up in his Barn the next day she foaled and the man standing by spied a thing like a foals tongue to drop out of the foals mouth which he took up and presented me with it telling me withall that he had heard many wonderful things reported of it and that it was rank poyson I accepted of it gladly and brought it home with me when it was dry it lookt like Glow but of a dark brown colour to omit all other uses for it this I can assure you that a piece of it soakt in warm water or cold will take sport out of wollen Clothes being tub'd thereon Goats were the first small Cattle they had in the Countrey he was counted no body that had not a Trip or Flock of Goats a hee Goat gelt at Michaelmas and turn'd out to feed will be fat in a moneths time is as good meat as a weather I was taught by a Barbary Negro a medicine which before I proceed any further I will impart unto you and that was for a swelling under the throat Take Goats hair and clay and boil them in fair water to a poultis and apply it very warm Sheep now they have good store these and Goats bring forth two sometimes three Lambs and Kids at a time Hoggs are here innumerable every planter hath a Heard when they feed upon shell-fish and the like as they do that are kept near the Sea and by the fishers stages they tast fishie and rank but fed with white Oak-Acorns or Indian-Corn and Pease there is not better Pork in the whole world besides they sometimes have the Meazels which is known when their hinder legs are shorter than ordinary Catts and Dogs are as common as in England but our Dogs in time degenerate yet they have gallant Dogs both for fowl wild Beasts all over the Countrey the Indians store themselves with them being much better for their turns than their breed of wild dogs which are as I conceive like to the Tasso-canes or mountain dogs in Italy Of English Poultry too there is good store they have commonly three broods in a year the hens by that time they are three years old have spurs like the Cock but not altogether so big but as long they use to crow often which is so rare a thing in other Countries that they have a proverb Gallina recinit a Hen crowes And in England it is accounted ominous therefore our Farmers wives as soon as they hear a Hen crow wring off her neck and so they serve their spur'd Hens because they should not break their Eggs with their spurs when they sit In the year 1637. which was when I went my first Voyage to New-England a good woman brought aboard with her a lusty Cock and Hen that had horns like spurs growing out on each side of their Combs but she spoiled the breed killing of them at Sea to feed upon for she loved a fresh bit In Anno 1647 8. Certain Indians coming to our house clad in Deere-skin coats desired leave to lodge all night in our kitchin it being a very rainie season some of them lay down in the middle of the Room and others under the Table in the morning they went away before any of the people were up the poultry had their breakfast usually in cold weather in the kitchin and because they should not hinder the passing of the people too and again it was thrown under the Table in the afternoon they began to hang the wing in the night the sickest dropt dead from the perch and the next day most of them dyed we could not of a sudden ghess at the cause but thought the Indians had either bewitched or poysoned them it came at last into my head seeing their Crops very full or rather much swell'd to open them where I found as much Deers hair as Corn they that pickt up none of the hair lived and did well In the year 1667. October the 7th amongst our poultry we had one white game Cock of the French kâ—nd a bird of high price when he was three years old he drooped and his spirit was quite gone one of our Negro maids finding him in the yard dead brought him into the house and acquainted me with it I caused her to draw him when his guts were all
the second at Water-town by Mr. Philips the third at Dorchester by Mr. Maverick and Mr. Wareham the sourth at Roxbury by Mr. Eliâ—â— the fifth at Linn by Mr. Stephen Batcheler their first Teacher Dr. Wilson gave 1000 pound to New-England with which they stored themselves with great Guns Anno Domini 1632 John Winthorp chosen Governour Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Sir Christopher Gardiner descended of the house of Gardiner Bâ—shop of Winchester Knighted at Jerusalem of the Sâ—pulcher arrived in New-England with a comely young woman his Concubine settled himself in the Bay of Massachusets was rigidly used by the Magistrates and by the Magistrates of New-Plimouth to which place he retired A terrible cold winter in New-England Anno Domini 1633 Mr. Edward Winslow chosen Governour of New-Plimouth The number of Mâ—gistrates at New-Plimouth increase to seven An infectious feaver amongst the Inhabitants of New-Plimouth whereof many dyed Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Thomas Hooker Mr. Hains and Mr. Cotton Mâ—nisters arrived in New-England all in one ship and Mr. Stone and Mr. William Collier a liberal Benefactor to the Colony of New-Plimouth Mr. John Cotton chosen Teâ—cher of the first Church at Boston A Church at Cambridge gathered by Mr. Thomas Hooker their fiâ—st Pastor Great swarms of strange flyes up and down the Countrey which was a presage of the following mortality Anno Domini 1634 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. Roger Ludlow Deputy-Governour The Countrey now was really placed in a posture of War to be in readiness at all times In the Spring a great sickness among the Indians by the small pox The Pequets War with the Narragansets Mr. Skelton Pastor to the Church at Salem dyed Mr. John Norton and Mr. Thomas Shepherd arrive in New-England A Church gathered at Ipswich the first Pastor Mr. Nathaniel Ward A Church gathered at Newberry Capt. Stone turn'd Pirate at the Dutch plantation The cruel Massacre of Capt. Stone and Capt. Norton at Connecticut-River by the Pequet Indians Anno Domini 1635 Mr. John Haines chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Governour Mr. Zaohary Sims arrived in New-England and Mr. Richard Bellingham This year Eleven Ministers arrived in New England Mr. Norton Teacher at Ipswich Mr. Richard Mather Teacher at Dorchester Sir Henry Vain Junior arrived in New-England Mr. Richard Saltingstal Sir Richard Saltingstal's Son Mr. Râ—ger Harlackenden and Hugh Peters Hugh Peters chosen Pastor of Salem A Church at Hartford in the Colony of Connecticut now gathered Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Capt. William Gorges Sir Ferdinando Gorges Nephew sent over Governour of the province of Main then called new Sommersetshire Saturday the 15 of August an Hurrican or mighty storm of wind and rain which did much hurt in New-England Anno Domini 1636 Sir Henry Vane Junior Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Winthorp Esq Deputy Governour Mr. Roger Harlackenden leader of their military Forces Mr. Edward Winslow a Worcestershire man born chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Connecticut Colony planted Mr. John Oldham murthered in his Barque by the Indians of Block-Island A Church gathered at Hingham Mr. Peter Hubbord arrived now in New-England Teacher at Hingham Mr. Flint Mr. Carter Mr. Walton Ministers arrived now in New-England Mr. Fenwich Mr. Partrick Mr. Nathaniel Rogers and Mr. Samuel White arrived now in New-England A General Court held at Boston against Mrs. Hutchinson the American Jezabel August the 30. where the opinions and errors of Mrs. Hutchinson and her Associats 80 errors were condemned A Counsel held at New-town about the same business October the second and at Boston again Anno Domini 1637 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of New-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Wenthorp chosen Governour of Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Deputy Governour New-haven Colony began now Mr. Eaton chosen Governour John Davenport Pastor Mr. Hopkins arrived now in New-England A second Church gathered at Dedham Mr. John Allen Pastor The Pequets wars in which war the Eâ—glish slew and took prisoners about 700 Indians amongst which 13 of their Sachems to the great terror of the Natives they sent the male children of the Pequets to the Bermudus This year the Antinomian and Familistical errors were broached in the Countrey especially at Boston A Synod called which condemned these errors A General Court held at New-town against Mrs. Hutchinson and the rest Mrs. Hutchinson and others banished by the Magistrates of the Massachusets Colony A hideous monster born at Boston of one Mrs. Mary Dyer Sir Henry Vane and the Lord Lee returned for England The Minifters that went for new-New-England chiefly in the ten first years ninety four of which returned for England twenty seven dyed in the Countrey thirty six yet alive in the Countrey thirty one The number of ships that transported passengers to New-England in these times was 298 supposed men women and children as near as can be ghessed 21200. The Spaniards took the Island of Providence one of the Sumâ—â—â—â—â—â—ds from the English Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Câ—â—â—ny Mr. Thomas â—â—â—lley Dâ—puâ—y Governour A Church now gatheâ—ed at Waymouth Mr. Gonnor Pastor Mr Newman succeeded Mr. Thomas Thatcher Three English men put to death at Plimouth for robbing and murthering an Indian near Providence June the second a great and terrible earthquake throughout the Countrey Samuel Gorton of Warwick shire a pestilent seducer and blasphemous Atheist the Author of the Sects of Gortinians banish'd Plimouth plantation whipt and banished from Road-Island banisht the Massachusets Colony Now they set up a Printing press at Boston in the Massachusets This year came over Mr. William Thompson Mr. Edmund Brown Mr. David Frisk Mr. John Harvard the founder of Harvard Colledge at Cambridge in the Massachusets Colony deceased gave 700 pound to the erecting of it Anno Domini 1639 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Higginson Teacher at Salem Church Skelton pastor and an exhorting Elder This was the first Church gathered in the Massachusets Colony and it increased to 43 Churches in joynt Communion with one another and in these Churches were about 7750 souls Mr. Herbert Pelham now arrived in New-England A Church gathered at Hampton Mr. Daulton pastor and Mr. Batcheler Teacher Another Church gathered at Salisbury October the Eleventh and Twelfth the Spanish Navy was set upon by the Hollander in the Downs they were in all 60 sail the Spaniards were beaten A very sharp winter in New-England Anno Domini 1640 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. Richard Bellingham Deputy Governour Civil Wars began in England Mr.
Huet Minister arrived in New-England Mr. Peck and Mr. Saxton A Church gathered at Braintree Mr. Wheelright pastor Mr. Henry Dunster arrived in New-England Anno Domini 1641 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Richard Belingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy A Church gathered at Glocester in the Massachusets Colony A sharp winter in New-England the harbours and salt bayes frozen over so as passable for Men Horses Oxen and Carts five weeks Anno Domini 1642 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Endicot Esq Deputy Governour This Spring Cowes and Cattle fell from 22 pound a Cow to six seven and eight pound a Cow of a sudden A Church now gathered at Weeburn in the Massachusets Colony Thirteen able Ministers now at this time in new-Plimouth Jurisdiction Harvard-Colledge founded with a publick Library Ministers bred in new-New-England and excepting about 10 in Harvard-Colledge one hundred thirty two of which dyed in the Countrey Ten now living eighty one removed to England sorty one June Warwick Parliament Admiral Anno Domini 1643 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of the new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour May 19. the first Combination of the four united Colonies viz. Plimouth Massachusets Connecticut and new-haven Anno Domini 1644 Mr. Edward Winslow chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony John Endicot Esq chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony John Winthorp Esq Deputy Governour A Church gathered at Haveril Mr. Roger Harlackendin dyed about this time A Church gathered at Reading in New-England A Church gathered at Wenham both in the Massachusets Colony The Town of Eastham erected 〈◊〉 some in Plimouth Anno Domini 1645 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony and Mr. John Winthorp Deputy Governour Mr. John Endicot major General A Church gathered at Springfield Anno Domini 1646 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthorp chosen Governour of the Massachusets Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy and Mr. John Endicot major General Two Suns appeared towards the latter end of the year This year they drew up a body of Laws for the well ordering of their Common-wealth as they termed it printed in 1648. Three men of War arrived in new-Plimouth harbour under the Command of Capt. Thomas Cromwell richly laden a mutiny amongst the Sea-men whereby one man was killed The second Synod at Cambridge touching the duty and power of magistrates in matters of Religion Secondly the nature and power of Syâ—â—â— Mâ— John Eliot first preached to the Indians in their Native language the principal Instruments of converting the Indians Mr. John Eliot Senior Mr. John Eliot Junior Mr. Thomas Mayhew Mr. Pierson Mr. Brown Mr. James and Mr. Cotton Anno Domini 1647 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth Colony Mr. John Winthoâ—p chosen Governour of the Massachusets Colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour and Mr. John Endicot Major General Now Mr. Thomas Hooker pastâ—r of the Church at Hertford dyed The Tartars over-run China Anno Domini 1648 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new Plimouth Colony John Winthorp chosen Govenour of the Mâ—ssachusets colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. John Endicot major General A Church gathered at Andover A Church gathered at Mâ—lden Mr. Sarjant pastor A second Church gathered at Boston A third Synod at Cambridge publishing the pâ—aâ—form of Discipline Jan. 30. King Charles the first murdered Charles the Second began his Raign Their Laws in the Massachusets colony printed Anno Domini 1649 John Winthorp Esq Governour of the Massachusets colony March the 26 deceased Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new Plimouth Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General An innumerable Company of Caterpillars in some parts of New-England destroyed the fruits of the Earth August the 25 Mr. Thomas Shepherd Pastor of Cambridge Church dyed Mr. Phillips also dyed this year Anno Domini 1650 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General A great mortality amongst children this year in New-England Anno Domini 1651 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets coâ—â—ny Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General The City Bilbo totally cover'd with waters for 15 days 16 foot above the tops of the highâ—st houses the loss was very much to the whole Kingdom there being their stock of dryed fish and dryed Goat the general dyet of Spair Barâ—â—dâ—s surrâ—ndred to the Parliament its longitude 322 latitude 13 degrees 17 or 18 miles in compass Hugh Peters and Mr. Wells and John Baker returned into England Anno Domini 1652 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Jâ—hn Endicot chosen Governour of the Mâ—ssachusets colony Mr. Thomas Dudley Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major Gâ—neral John Cotton Teacher of Bâ—ston Church dyed a Comet was seen at the time of his sickness hanging over New-England which â—â—â—nt out soon after his death The Spirits that took Children in England said to be set a work first by the Parliament and Hugh Peters as chief Agent Actor or Procurer Anno Domini 1653 Oliver Cromwell Uâ—urped the Title of Protector December the Sixteenth Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Thomas Dudley chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. John Endicot Deputy Governour Mr. Gibbons major General Mr. Thomas Dudley Governour of the Massachusets colony dyed aged about 77 years at his house at Râ—xebury July 31. A great fire at Boston in New-England Anno Domini 1654 Mr. William Bradfoâ—d chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. Bellingham Governour Endicot Deputy Major General Gibbons dyed this year Anno Domini 1655 Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets Bellingham Deputy Jamaica taken by the English Anno Domini 1656 General Mountague taketh Spanish prizes Mr. William Bradford chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Mâ—ssachusets Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Anno Domini 1657 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mâ— William Bradford now dyed Mr. John Endicot Governour Bellingham Deputy Mr. Theophilus Eaton Governour of New-haven colony dyed Fifth monarchy-men rebell The Quakers arrive at new-Plimouth Anno Domini 1658 Oliver Cromwell dyed September the third Richard Cromwell set up Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets Bellingham Deputy A great Earth-quake in New-England Mr. Ralph Partrick minister at Ruxbury now deceased John Philips of Marshfield slain by thunder and lightning Anno Domini 1659 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen
Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony The Quakers opinions vented up and down the Countrey Mr. Henry Dunster first President of Harvard Colledge deceased Richard Cromwel ended May the seventh The Rump Parliament December the six and twentieth put down William Robinson Marmaduke Stevenson and Mary Dyer Quakers of Rhâ—d Island â—entenced to suffer death by Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets colony which accordingly was executed within a day or two the prisoners being guarded by Capt James Oliver with 200 Souldiers to the place of Execution where the two men were hanged and the woman reprieved at the Gallows and banished Anno Domini 1660 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Bellingham Deputy James Pierce slain by lightning at new-Plimouth May the 29 King Charles the Second returned into England June the 20 a damnable cheat like to have been put upon England by a Brief for New-England which as it appeared was produced before the King came in but not printed by Mr. Leach in Shoe-lane till June pretending that 18 Turks-men of War the 24 of January 1653 60 landed at a Town called Kingsword alluding to Charles-town three miles from Boston kill'd 40 took Mr. Sims minister prisoner wounded him kill'd his wife and three of his little children carried him away with 57 more burnt the Town carried them to Argier their loss amounting to 12000 pound the Turk demanding 8000 pound ransom to be paid within 7 moneths Signed by Thomas Margets Edward Calamy William Jenkin William Vincent George Wind Joseph Caryl John Menord William Cooper Thomas Manton Ministers Hugh Peters put to death the 16 of October Thomas Venner a Wine-Cooper hang'd drawn and quartered Ian. 19. Anno Domini 1661 The fifth Monarchy-men rise at London Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Bellingham Deputy Major Atherton now dyed in New-England Anno Domini 1662 Sir Henry Vane beheaded June the 14. Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony January 26 and the 28 Earthquakes in New-England 6 or 7 times in the space of Three days 1662 1663. John Baker unduâ—ly called Capt. Baker hang'd at Tiburn December the 11 of February Anno Domini 1663 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Thomas Leveret major General April the fifth Mr. John Norton Teacher at the first Church in Boston dyed suddenly Mr. Samuel Newman Teacher at Rehoboth in New-England now dyed Mr. Samuel Stone Teacher of Hartford Church in New-England now dyed also Several Earth-quakes this year in New-England Charles Chancie batchelor of Divinity and President of Harvard-Colledge in New-England Anno Domini 1664 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Thomas Leveret Major General May the 20 the Kings Commissioners arrived in New-England viz. Sir Robert Carr Colonel Nicols Colonel Cartwright and Mr. Samuel Maverich with whom came one Mr. Archdale as Agent for Mr. Ferdinando Gorges who brought to the colony in the province of Main Mr. F. Gorges order from his Majesty Charles the Second under his manâ—al and his Majesties Letters to the Massachusets concerning the same to be restored unto the quiet possession and enjoyment of the said province in New-England and the Government thereof the which during the civil Wars in England the Massachusets colony had usurpt and by help of a Jacobs staff most shamefully encroached upon Mr. Gorges rights and priviledges The 29 of August the Manadaes called Novede Belgique or New Netherlands their chief Town New Amsterdam now called New Yorke Surrendered up unto Sir Robert Carr and Colonel Nichols his Majesties Commissioners thirteen days after in September the Fort and Town of Arania now called Albany twelve days after that the Fort and Town of Awsapha then de la Ware Castle man'd with Dutch and Sweeds the three first Forts and Towns being built upon the River Mehegan otherwise called Hudsons River The whole Bible Translated into the Indian-Tongue by Mr. Johu Eliot Senior was now printed at Cambridge in new-New-England December a great and dreadful Comet or blazing-star appeared in the South-east in new-New-England for the space of three moneths which was accompanied with many sad effects great mildews blasting in the Countrey the next Summer Anno Domini 1665 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of new-Plimouth colony Mr. John Endicot chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret Major General Two Comets or blazing-stars appeared in 4 moneths time in England December 1664. and in March following Mr. John Endicot Governour of the Massachusets colony deceased March the three and twentieth Capt. Davenport kill'd with lightning as he lay on his bed at the Castle by Boston in New-England and several wounded Wheat exceedingly blasted and mildewed in New-England A thousand foot sent this year by the French King to Canada Colonel Cartwright in his voyage for England was taken by the Dutch The Isle of Providence taken by the English Buchaners Puerto Rico taken and plundered by the English Buchaners and abandoned Anno Domini 1666 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Francis Willowby Deputy Governour Mr. Leveret major General St. Christophers taken by the French July the Lord Willowby of Parham cast away in a Hurricane about the Caribby-Islands The small pox at Boston in the Massachusets colony Three kill'd in a moment by a blow of Thunder at Marshfield in New-Plimouth colony and four at Pascataway colony and divers burnt with lightning a great whirlwind at the same time This year also New-England had cast away and taken Thirty one Vessels and some in 1667. The mildews and blasting of Corn still continued Anno Domini 1667 Mr. Thomas Prince chosen Governour of New-Plimouth colony Mr. Richard Bellingham chosen Governour of the Massachusets colony Mr. Fr. Willowby Deputy Governour and Mr. Leveret major General Sir Robert Carr dyed next day after his arrival at Bristow in England June the first Several vollies of shot heard discharged in the Air at Nantascot two miles from Boston in the Massachusets colony Mr. John Davenport chosen pastor of the Independent Church at Boston In March there appeared a sign in the Heavens in the form of a Spear pointing directly to the West Sir John Harman defeated the French Fleet at the Caribbes Mr. John Wilson Pastor of Boston Church in the Massachusets colony 37 years now dyed aged 79 he was Pastor of that Church three years before Mr. Cotton twenty years with him ten years with Mr. Norton and four years after him Anno
9 leagues off our course W. S. W. the Start bore North distant about 6 leagues from whence our reckonings began the wind now E. N. E. a fair gale The second day the Lizard bore N. N. W. in the latitude 51.300 leagues from Cape-Cod in New England our course W. and by S. One of our passengers now dyed of a Consumption The Fifth day we steered S. W. observed and found the ship in latitude 47 degrees and 44 minutes The Tenth day observed and found the ship in laâ—iâ—ude 49 degrees and 24 minutes The Five and twentieth day about 3 of the clock in tâ—e morning we discovered land about 6 of the clock Flowers so called from abundance of flowers and Corvo from a multitude of Crowes two of the Azorâ—â— or western Islands in the Atlantique Oceaâ— not above 250 leagues form Lisbon boâ—â— N. W. of us some 3 leagues off we steereâ— away W. by W. observed and found Floweâ—â— to be in the Southern part in latitude 39 degrees 13 minuts we descryed a Village and a small Church or Chappel seated in a pleasant valley to the Easter-side of the Island the whole Island is rockie and mountanious about 8 miles in compass stored with Corn Wine and Goats and inhabited by out-law'd Portingals the Town they call Santa Cruz. Corvo is not far from this I supposed two or three leagues a meer mountain and very high and steep on all sides cloathed with tall wood on the very top uninhabited but the Flowreans here keep some number of Goats The Seven and twentieth day 30 leagues to the westward of these Islands we met with a small Vessel stoln from Jamaico but 10 men in her and those of several nations English French Scotch Dutch almost samish'd having been out as they told us by reason of calms three moneths bound for Holland July the sixth calm now for two or three dayes our men went out to swim some hoisted the Shallop out and took divers Turtles there being an infinite number of them all over the Sea as far as we could ken and a man may ken at Sea in a clear Air 20 miles they floated upon the top of the water being a sleep and driving gently upon them with the Shallop of a sudden they took hold of their hinder legs and lifted them into the boat if they be not very nimble they awake and presently dive under water when they were brought aboard they sob'd and wept exceedingly continuing to do so till the next day that we killed them by chopping off their heads and having taken off their shells that on their back being fairest is called a Gally patch we opened the body and took out three hearts in one case and which was more strange we perceived motion in the hearts ten hours after they were taken out I have observed in England in my youthful dayes the like in the heart of a Pike and the heart of a Frog which will leap and skip as nimbly as the Frog used to do when it was alive from whom it was taken Likewise the heart of a Pig will stir after it is exenterated Being at a friends house in Cambridg-shire the Cook maid making ready to slaughter a Pig she put the hinder parts between her legs as the usual manner is and taking the snout in her lest hand with a long knife she stuâ—k the Pig and cut the 〈…〉 of the heart almost in two letting 〈…〉 as any bloud came forth 〈…〉 â—â—â—ing of it into a Kettle of boyâ—◠〈…〉 the Pig swom twice round aâ—â—â— the kâ—ttle when taking of it out to the dresser she rubd it with powdered Rozen and stript off the hair and as she was cutting off the hinder pettito the Pig lifts up his head with open mouth as if it would have bitten well the belly was cut up and the entrails drawn out and the heart laid upon the board which notwithstanding the wound it received had motion in it above four hours after there were several of the Family by with my self and we could not otherwayes conclude but that the Pig was bewitched but this by the way Of the Sea Turtles there be five sorts first the Trunck-turtle which is biggest Secondly the Loggerhead-turtle Thirdly the Hawkbill-turtle which with its bill will bite horribly Fourthly the Green-turtle which is best for food it is affirmed that the feeding upon this Turtle for a twelve moneth forbearing all other kind of food will cure absolutely Consumptions and the great pox They are a very delicate food and their Eggs are very wholesome and restorative it is an Amphibious Creature going ashore the male throws the female on her back when he couples with her which is termed cooting their Eggs grown to perfection the female goes ashore again and making a hole in the Sand there layes her Eggs which are numerous I have seen a peck of Eggs taken out of one Turtle when they have laid they cover the hole again with sand and return to the Sea never looking after her Eggs which hatching in the sand and coming to some strength break out and repair to the Sea Having fill'd our bellies with Turtles and Boniâ—o's called Spanish Dolphins excellently well cooked both of them the wind blowing fair The Eighth day we spread our sails and went on our voyage after a while we met with abundance of Sea-weeds called Gulfweed coming out of the Bay of Mexico and firr-trees floating on the Sea observed and found the Ship to be in 39 degrees and 49 minuts The Fifteenth day we took a young Sharke about three foot long which being drest and dished by a young Merchant a passenger happened to be very good fish having very white flesh in flakes like Codd but delicately curl'd the back-bone which is perfectly round joynted with short joynts the space between not above a quarter of an inch thick separated they make fine Table-men being wrought on both sides with curious works The One and twentieth thick hasie weather The Five and twentieth we met with a Plimouth man come from St. Malloes in France 10 weeks out laden with cloath fruit and honey bound for Boston in New-England The Six and twentieth we had sight of land The Seven and twentieth we Anchored at Nantascot in the afternoon I went aboard of a Ketch with some other of our passengers in hope to get to Boston that night but the Master of the Ketch would not consent The Eight and twentieth being Tuesday in the morning about 5 of the clock he lent us his Shallop and three of his men who brought us to the western end of the town where we landed and having gratified the men we repaired to an Ordinary for so they call their Taverns there where we were provided with a liberal cup of burnt Madera-wine and store of plum-cake about ten of the clock I went about my Affairs Before I pursue my Voyage to an end I shall give you to understand what Countrie new-New-England is new-New-England is that part