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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A33345	A true and faithful account of the four chiefest plantations of the English in America to wit, of Virginia, New-England, Bermudus, Barbados : with the temperature of the air, the nature of the soil, the rivers, mountains, beasts, fowls, birds, fishes, trees, plants, fruits, &c. : as also, of the natives of Virginia, and New-England, their religion, customs, fishing, hunting, &c. / collected by Samuel Clarke ...	Clarke, Samuel, 1599-1682.	1670 (1670)	Wing C4558; ESTC R17743	124,649	128

Virginia there are two kinds most strange One of them is the Female Possowne which hath a bag under her belly out of which she will let forth her young ones and take them in again at her pleasure The other is the flying Squerril which by the help of certain broad flaps of Skin growing on each side of her fore-legs will fly from one Tree to another at twenty or thirty paces distance and more if she have the benefit of a little puff of Wind. The English Kine Goats Hoggs c. prosper very well They have Hawkes of several sorts and amongst them Auspreis Fishing Hawkes and Cormorants In the Winter they have great store of Cranes Herons Pidgeons Patridges and Black-birds The Rivers and Creeks are over-spread with Swans Geese Brants Divers and those other named before The Woods have many kinds of Rare and delightful Birds The Rivers abound with Fish both small and great as Pike Carp Eele Perches of six several sorts c. The Sea-fish come into their Rivers in March and continue till the end of September Frst come in great Skuls of Herrings Then big Shads and Rock-fish follow them Then Trouts Base Flounders and other dainty Fishes come in before the other be gone Then come in multitudes of great Sturgeons and divers others Some five miles about Henerico by land but by water fourteen miles Sr. Tho. Dale Anno Christi 1611. began to build a City called the New Bermoodas situated very commodiously whereunto he laid out and annexed to be belonging to that Corporation for ever many miles of Wood-lands and Champion which he divided into several Hundreds As the Upper and the Nether Hundreds Roch-Dale Hundreds Wests-Sherley Hundred and Diggs his Hundred Anno Christi 1614. Pacahuntas the beloved Daughter of the great King Powhatan having been carefully instructed in the Christian Religion by the care of Sr. Tho. Dale and having made some good progress therein renounced publickly her Countrey Idolatry and openly confessed her Christian Faith and desiring it was baptized by the name of Rebecca and was afterwards married to one Mr. Rolph an English Gentleman of good repute her Father and friends giving their approbation to it and her Vncle gave her to him in the Church Anno Christi 1616. Sr. Tho. Dale returning into England there came over with him Mr. Rolfe with Rebecca his Convert and Consort and Tomocomo one of Powhatans Counsellors Mr. Rolfs Wife Rebecca though she carried her self very civilly and lovingly to her Husband yet did she behave her self as the Daughter of a King and was accordingly respected by divers persons of Honour here in England in their hopeful zeal by her means to advance Christianity in these Countries As she was with her Husband returning into Virginia at Gravesend she fell sick and came to her end and Grave having given great demonstration of her Christian Faith and Hope The English in Virginia Anno Christi 1620. were divided into several Burroughs each man having his share of Land duly set out for him to hold and enjoy to him and his Heirs for ever The publick Lands also for the Company were set out by themselves the Governours share by it self the Colledges by it self and for each particular Burrough the Ministers Gleab also was set out and bounded their being 200. l. per annum allowed to each Minister for each Town They are all Governed according to the laudable Form of Justice used in England The Governour is so restrained by a Counsel joyned with him that he cannot wrong any man who may not have any speedy remedy In the years 1619. and 1620. there were 9. or ten ships sent to Virginia wherein were 1261. persons most of them being for publick uses As to plant the Governours Land 80. persons Tenants for the Companies Land 130. Tenants for the Colledge Land 100. Tenants for the Ministers Gleab-Lands 50. Young Maids to make Wives for so many of the Planters 90. Boyes for Apprentices 100. Servants for the publick 50. Some were imployed to bring up thirty of the Infidels children in true Religion and Civility The Commodities which the Planters were directed to apply themselves to were Iron for the making whereof 130 men were sent over to set up Iron work Proof having been made of the excellency of that Iron Cordage For which beside Hemp order was given for the planting of Silk-grass naturally growing in those Parts in great abundance which makes the best Cordage and Linnen in the World Of this every Housholder was bound to set 100. Plants and the Governour himself set five thousand Pot-ashes and Soap-ashes Pitch and Tar. for the making whereof divers Polanders were sent over Timber of all sorts with Masts Planks and Boords for provision of Shipping c. there being not so good Timber for all uses in any Countrey whatsoever and for the help in these works provision was sent of Men and Materials for the setting up of sundry Saw-mills Silk For which the Countrey is exceeding proper having an innumerable of the best Mulberry-trees and some Silk-worms naturally found upon them producing excellent Silk and to further this work many seeds of the best Silk-worms were sent over Vines Whereof the Countrey naturally yields great store and of sundry sorts which by good culture might be brought to excellent perfection for effecting whereof divers Skilful Vegneroons were sent with store also from hence of Vine Plants of the best sort Salt Which work were ordered to be set up in great plenty not only to serve the Colony but to promote the great Fishings upon those Coasts Divers persons of publick spirits gave much to the furtherance of this Plantation Two unknown persons gave Plate and other necessaries for the furnishing of two Communion Tables Mis. Mary Robinson gave 200. l. towards the building of a Church in Virginia An unknown person sent the Treasurer 550. l. in gold for the bringing up of some of the Infidels children in the knowledge of God and true Religion and in fit Trades whereby they might live honestly in the World Mr. Nicholas Ferrar by Will gave 300. l. to the Colledge in Virginia to be paid when there should be ten of the Infidels children placed in it And in the mean time 24. l. per annum to be distributed unto three discreet and godly men in the Colony which should bring up three of the Infidels children in the Christian Religion and in some good course to live by An other unknown person gave 10. l. to advance the plantation Anno Christi 1620. the Right honourable Henry E. of Southampton was made Treasurer from which time to the year 1624. there were 24. Ships sent to Virginia And there were divers persons set for the making of Beads wherewith to trade with the Natives and for making of Glass of all sorts And 55. young Maids were sent to make Wives for the Planters Also a Magazine

A True and Faithful ACCOUNT OF THE FOUR CHIEFEST PLANTATIONS OF THE English in America TO WIT Of VIRGINIA NEW-ENGLAND BERMVDVS BARBADOS With the temperature of the Air The nature of the Soil The Rivers Mountains Beasts Fowls Birds Fishes Trees Plants Fruits c. AS ALSO Of the Natives of Virginia and New-England their Religion Customs Fishing Huntings c. COLLECTED By Samuel Clarke sometimes Pastor in Saint Bennet-Fink London LONDON Printed for Robert Clavel Thomas Passenger William Cadman William Whitwood Thomas Sawbridge and William Birch 1670. THE DESCRIPTION OF VIRGINIA AND THE PLANTATION OF THE ENGLISH The temperature of the Air the nature of the Soile the Rivers Mountains Beasts Fowls Birds Fishes Trees Plants Fruits c. As also of the Natives their Religion Customs Fishings Huntings Treachery c. ANNO Christi 1584. Sr. Walter Rawleigh obtained of Queen Elizabeth of glorious memory a Patent for discovering and Peopling of unknown Countries not actually possessed by any Christian Prince Dated March 25. and in the 26th year of her Reign In prosecution whereof April 27th he set forth two Barks under the Command of Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arther Barlow which arrived on that part of America which that Virgin Queen named Virginia and thereof in her Majesties name there took possession July 13. And having taken a view of and liking the Country and having had conference and some trading with the Savages observing about fourteen sorts of sweet smelling timber Trees and many other commodities bringing with them two of the Savages they returned home in September following Anno Christi 1585. Sr. Richard Greenvile was sent by Sr. Walter Rawleigh with a Fleet of seven Sail which Landed in the Isle of St. John de Porto Rico. May 12. and there fortified themselves and built a Pinace The Spaniards promised to furnish them with Victuals but did not whereupon they took two Spanish Frigots In Hispaniola they had friendly greetings and some trade with the Spaniards from whence they came to an Anchor at Wokocon whereby the unskilfullness of the Master their Admiral strook on ground and sunk July 25. They returned for England and by the way they took a Spanish Ship of Three hundred Tun richly laden In Virginia they left a Colony under the Goverment of Mr. Ralph Lane and others besides an hundred men The Governour wrote from his new Fort in Virginia that if they had Kine and Horses in a reasonable proportion no Country in Christendom was to be compared to it They discovered from Roanoack to the Chesipians above one hundred and thirty miles and to Chawanock North-West as far In the beginning of June 1586. the Natives conspired against the English for which the chiefest of them lost his head and Sr. Francis Drake coming thither after he had Sacked diverse of the Spanish Towns took the Colony with 〈◊〉 his Victorious Fleet and brought them into England The same year Sr. Walter Rawleigh 〈◊〉 sent a Ship of an hundred Tun with Provisions for the Colony which arrived at Hatorask presently after they were come away wherefore having sought them in vain she returned with her provisions 〈◊〉 England About a fortnight after her departure Sr. Kichard Greenvile General of Virginia with three Ships arrived there and neither hearing of the Ship nor the Colony which he had left there the year before after long search in vain he left fifteen men to keep possession of the Country in the Isle of Roanoack furnished for two years and so returned by the way spoiling some Towns of the Azores and taking diverse Spaniards Anno Christi 1587. Sr. Walter Rawleigh notwithstanding former discouragements sent another Colony of One hundred and fifty Persons under the Government of Mr. John White with twelve Assistants to which he gave a Charter and incorporated them by the name of Governors and Assistance of the City of Rawleigh in Virginia These arrived July 22. at Hatorask where they went ashore to seek the fifteen men left there the year before intending to plant at Chesopiok But they were informed by a Native called Manteo that the Savages had secretly slain some of them and the other were fled they knew not whither This Manteo was afterwards Baptized and by Sr. Walter Rawleigh was made Lieutenant of Roanock Here also Mrs. Dare the Governours Daughter was delivered of a Daughter that was Baptized by the name of Virginia Aug. the 27. they departed and returned into England The Commodities that are in Virginia Oak of an excellent grain straight tall and long Elme Beech Birch very tall and great of whose Bark the Natives make their Canows Nut-Hasil Hasil Alder Cherry-Tree Maple Eive Spruce Aspe Fir in great abundance and many other Fruits Trees which the English knew not From the Firrs issues much Turpentine and Tar and Pitch Eagles Hearn Shaws Cranes large Ducks and Mallard Geese Swans Wigeon Sharks Crows Ravens Kites Sea-Mews Pidgeons Turtle-Doves Turkies and many other Fowles and Birds unknown Hawks of diverse kinds Deer Red and Follow Bears Wolves Beavers Otters Hares Conies Martens Sables Hogs Porcupins Polecats Cats wild and great Dogs whereof some like Foxes Elks and some Lyons Squirrils of three sorts some flying Squirils Hares c. Whales Porpoises Seales Cod very large Haddocks Herring Plaise Thornback Rack-Fish Lobsters Crabs Mussels Wilks Cony-Fish Lump-Fish Whitings Salmonds in great plenty Tobacco Vines Strawberries Rasberries Goosberries Hartleberries Corants Roses Pease Angellica Ground-nuts The Wood that is most common is Oak and Walnut many of their Oak are so tall and strait that they will bear Thirty inches square of good Timber for Twenty yards long there are two or three several kinds of them There are also two or three kinds of Walnuts there are Cyprus Trees some of which are neer three fathom about the Root very strait and fifty sixty yea eighty foot without a branch There are also some Mulberry Trees and Chesnut Trees whose fruit equalizeth the best in France or Italy they have Plums of three sorts Cherries Vines Gassafras Trees Virginia lies in the Latitude of 43. Degrees and 20. Minutes North. Anno Christ 1606. King James of happy memory granted a Pattent to sundry Persons to Plant along the Coast of Virginia where they pleased between 34. Degrees and 45. of Northerly Latitude in the main Land and the Islands thereunto adjoyning within a hundred miles of the Coast thereof In pursuance whereof there were some Ships sent the same year to begin a Plantation in the more Southerly part of Virginia Virginia is a Country in America that lies between the Degrees of 34. and 44. of North Latitude On the East it s bounded with the grear Ocean On the South with Florida On the North with Nova Francia But for the West the limits are unknown The Plantation which was begun in the year 1606. was under the Degree of 37. 38. and 39. where the tempreture of the air after they were well seasoned agreed

of all necessaries was sent for the Colony to the value of 2000. l. besides Goods sent by private persons great store Twenty five persons were sent to build Boats Pinnaces and ships for the use of the Colony in the Fishing Trade and for further discovery The Plants of Cotten Wool Trees prosper well and so did Indigo Seeds Oranges Lemons Sugar Canes Cassary Pines Plantanes Potatoes and sundry other Indian Fruits Some of the English East-India Company gave seventy pound eight shillings sixpence towards the building of a Free Schoole in Virginia to be called the East-India School Another unknown person added to it the sum of thirty pound And another sent in Gold twenty five pound Another unknown person gave thirty pound for which there was to be allowed fourty shillings a year for ever for a Sermon Preached before the Virginia Company Another gave a rich Bible and a great Church Bible and other Books to be sent to Virginia and an exact Map of America The Books were valued at ten pound Mr. Tho. Bargrave a Minister in Virginia when he died left for the use of the Colledge his Library worth one hundred Marks 〈◊〉 Anno Christi 1621. The treacherous Natives notwithstanding all the Courtesies and kind Usage by the English to them most Perfidiously and Treacherously murthered above three hundred of them and would have done the like to all the rest but that God through his infinite Goodness and Mercy moved the heart of one of them who was Converted to Christianity to Discover the same a few hours before it was put in Execution the like Massacres have been since A DESCRIPTION OF THE BERMUDAS OR Sommers Islands THE FIRST DISCOVERY AND PLANTATION of it by the ENGLISH The Temperature of the Aier The Nature of the Soil Trees Plants Fruits Hearbs Fishes Fowls and other Commodities thereof THese Islands were first Discovered by one Bermudas from whence they received that name and afterwards from Sr. George Sommers an English-man they were called Sommers Islands They lie in the Western Ocean and in that part of the World commonly called America and vulgarly the West-Indies Their Latitude or Elevation is 32. Degrees 25. Minutes which is almost the same with the Madaeraes They are environed round about with Rocks which North-ward and Westward and Southward extend far by reason whereof they are very strong there being only three places whereby Ships can come into them which places also are well fortified But within there is room to entertain a great Fleet In most places the Rocks appear at a low water and are not much covered at an high water for it Ebbs and Flows there not above five Foot The Shoar for the most part is a Rock so hardned by the Sun Wind and Sea that it s not apt to be worn by the Waves whose violence also is broken by the Rocks before they come at the Shoar The mould is of diverse colours neither Clay nor Sand but betwixt both The red which resembleth Clay is worst The white resembing Sand and blackish is good the brown betwixt them both is best Under the Mould two or three foot deep is a kind of white substance which they call Rock the Trees usually fasten their roots in it and draw their nourishment from it neither indeed is it Rock or Stone nor so hard though for the most part harder than Chalk not so white but like a Pumice and Spongy easily receiving and retaining much water and in some places Clay is found under it The hardest kind of it which is commonly under the red ground is not so spongy nor retains much water but lies in the ground like Quarries as it were thick slates one upon another Most of their fresh water whereof they have good store comes out of the Sea drayning through the sand or thorow the aforesaid substance which they call the Rock and leaving its saltness behind it in the passage becometh fresh Somtimes they dig Wells of fresh water within four or five paces of the Sea-side and usually they Ebb and Flow as the Sea doth The Air is most commonly clear very temperate moist with a moderate heat very healthful and apt for the Generation and nourishing of all things so that there is scarce any thing that is transported from England thither but it yields a far greater encrease and if it be any living thing it becomes fatter and better liking then in England By which means the Countrey was so replenished with Hens and Turkeys within the space of three or four years not being looked after many of them forsook the Houses and became wild and so encreased abundantly the like encrease there was of Hogs and other Cattle according to their kinds There seems to be a continual Spring which is the cause that some few things come not to that maturity and perfection as were requisite And though the Trees do shed their leaves yet are they always full of green Their Corn is the same which is used in most parts of the West-Indies to wit Maiz which to such as are used to it is more hearty and nourishing than our English Wheat and yields a far greater encrease as sometimes a pound of one or two graines Of this Corn and divers other things without either plowing or diging the ground they have two Harvests every year For they set about March which they gather in July and again in August which is ripe in December And little slips of Fig-Trees and Vines do usually bear fruit within a year after they are planted sometimes in half a year the like fertility they have in other things There is scarce at any time to be perceived either Frost or Snow nor any extream heat for there is alwayes some wind stirring which clears and cools the Air Their Summers and Winters observe the same times with ours but their longest dayes and nights are shorter than ours in England by almost two hours and an half as also their shortest dayes and nights are as much longer then ours For their longest dayes are about fourteen hours and their shortest ten When its noon with us its morning with them and when it s about five a Clock in the evening with us its noon with them so that while the Sun declines with us it rises with them as also it doth in Virginia its apt to Thunder and Lighten all the year long and oft times more terrible than in England yet never any are hurt by it There is no Venemous Creature in this Country the yellow Spider which is there making her Webb as it were of Silk and bringing forth her young of Eggs like little drops of quick-silver neither is it perceived to be Venemous yet there is a plant that climbs Trees like our Ivy the leafe like that of a Vine that is somewhat venomous but of no great force There is great store and variety of Fish and so good as these parts of the World afford not the

Harbours are New-Plimouth Cape Anu Salem and Marvil-Head all which afford good ground for Anchorage being Land-lockt from Wind and Seas The chief and usual Harbour is the still Bay of Massechusets which is also aboard the Plantations it s a safe and pleasant Harbour within having but one secure entrance and that no broader than for three Ships to enter abreast but within there is Anchorage for five hundred Ships This Harbour is made by many Islands whose high Clifts shoulder out the boisterous Seas yet may easily deceive the unskilful Pilot presenting many fair openings and broad sownds whose Waters are too shallow for ships though Navigable for Boats and small Pinnases The entrance into the great Haven is called Nant●scot which is two Leagues from Boston From hence they may sail to the River of Wessaguscus Naponset Charles River and Mistick River on all which are seated many towns Here also they may have fresh supplies of Wood and water from the adjacent Islands with good Timber to repair their Weather-beaten Ships As also Masts or Yards there being store of such Trees as are useful for the purpose The places which are inhabited by the English are the best ground and sweetest Climate in all those parts bearing the name of New England the Air agreeing well with our English bodies being High Land and a sharp Air and though they border upon the Sea-Coast yet are they seldom obscured with Mists or unwholesome Foggs or cold Weather from the Sea which lies East and South from the Land And in the extremity of Winter the North-East and South-winds comming from the Sea produce warm weather and bringing in the Seas loosen the frozen Bayes carrying away the Ice with their Tides Melting the Snow and thawing the ground Only the North-west Winds coming over the Land cause extream cold weather accompanied with deep Snows and bitter Frosts so that in two or three dayes the Rivers will bear Man or Horse But these Winds seldom blow above three dayes together after which the Weather is more tollerable And though the cold be sometimes great yet is there good store of wood for housing and fires which makes the Winter less tedious And this very cold Weather lasts but eight or ten weeks beginning with December and ending about the tenth of February Neither doth the piercing colds of Winter produce so many ill effects as the raw Winters here with us in England But these hard Winters are commonly the forerunners of a pleasant Spring and fertile Summer being judged also to make much for the health of our English bodies The Summers are hotter than here with us because of their more Southerly Latitude yet are they tollerable being oft cooled with fresh Winds The Summers are commonly hot and dry there being seldom any Rain yet are the Harvests good the Indian Corn requiring more heat than wet to ripen it And for the English corn the nightly Dews refresh it till it grows up to shade its Roots with its own substance from the parching Sun The times of most Rain are in April and about Michaelmas The early Spring and long Summers make the Autumns and Winters to be but short In the Springs when the Grass begins to put forth it grows apace so that whereas it was black by reason of Winters blasts in a fortnights space there will be grass a foot high New England being nearer the Aequinoctial than Old England the days and nights be more equally divided In Summer the dayes be two hours shorter and in Winter two hours longer than with us Virginia having no Winter to speak of but extream hot Summers hath dried up much English blood and by the pestiferous Diseases hath swept away many lusty persons changing their complexions not into swarthiness but into Paleness which comes not from any want of food the Soil being fertile and pleasant and they having plenty of Corn and Cattel but rather from the Climate which indeed is found to be too Hot for our English Constitutions which New England is not In New England Men and Women keep their natural Complexions in so much as Seamen wonder when they arive in those parts to see their Countrey men look so Fresh and Ruddy neither are they much troubled with Inflammations or such Diseases as are increased by too much heat The two chief Messengers of Death are Feavours and Callentures but they are easily cured if taken in time and as easily prevented if men take care of their bodies As for our common Diseases they be Strangers in New England Few ever have the small Pox Measels Green-sickness Headach Stone Consumption c. yea many that have carried Coughs and Consumptions thither have been perfectly cured of them There are as sweet lusty Children born there as in any other Nation and more double births than with us here The Women likewise recover more speedily and gather strength after child-birth sooner than in Old England The Soil for the general is a warm kind of Earth there being little cold spewing Land no Moorish Fens nor Quagmires The lowest Grounds be the Marshes which are ovrflown by the Spring-Tides They are Rich Ground and yield plenty of Hay which feeds their Cattel as well as the best Upland Hay with us And yet they have plenty of Upland Hay also which grows commonly between the Marshes and the Woods And in many places where the Trees grow thin they get good Hay also And near the Plantations there are many Meddows never overflowed and free from all Wood where they have as much Grass as can be turned over with a Sithe and as high as a mans middle and some higher so that a good Workman will Mow three Loads in a day Indeed this Grass is courser than with us yet is it not sower but the Cattel eat and thrive very well with it and are generally larger and give more Milk than with us and bring forth young as well and are freer from diseases than the Cattel here There is so much Hay Ground in the Country that none need fear want though their Cattel should encrease to thousands there being some thousands of Acres that were yet never medled with and the more their Grass is Mowed the thicker it grows and where Cattel use to graze in the Woods the Ground is much improved growing more grassy and less full of Weeds and there is such plenty of Grass in the Woods that the Beasts need not Fodder till December at which time men begin to house their milch beasts and Calves In the Upland Grounds the Soil varies in some places Clay in others Gravel and some are of a Red Sand all which are covered with a black Mould usually a foot or little less deep The English Manure their ground with Fish whereof they have such plenty that they know not how otherwise to dispose of them yet the Indians being too lazy to catch Fish plant Corn eight or ten years in one place without any such help where they have yet a

sleepy and unnimble Creature that is never offering to leap at or bite any man if he tread not upon her In hot weather they desire to lie in paths in the Sun where they sleep soundly A small switch will easily kill them If a Beast be bitten they cut his flesh in divers places and thrust in this Weed which is a sure Cure In many places of the Country there be none of them As at Plimouth New-Town c. In some places they live on one side the River and if they swim over as soon as they come into the Woods they turn up their yellow bellies and die Other Snakes there be which yet never hurt eitheir man or Beast There be also store of Froggs which in the Spring time chirp and whistle like Birds and in the end of Sommer croake like other Frogs There are also Toads that will creep to the top of Trees and sit croaking there to the wonderment of strangers There be also Pismires and Spiders but neither Fleshworms nor Moles There be wild Bees or Wasps that guard the Grapes making her Cobweb nest amongst the Leaves Also a great Fly like to our Horse flies which bite and fetch blood from man or beast and are most troublesome where most Cattel be There is also a Gurnipper which is a Fly as small as a Flea and where it bites it causes much itching and scratching Also the Muskito like to our Gnats Such as are bitten by them fall a scratching which makes their hands and faces swell but this is only the first year for they never swell the second year Here also are Flies called Cantharides so much used by Chirurgions and divers sorts of Butterflies Of the Natives inhabiting those parts of new-New-England The Country is divided as it were into Shires every several Shire under a several King On the East and North-East are the Churchers and Tarenteens In the Southern parts are the Pequants and Naragansets On the West are the Connectacuts and Mowhacks Those on the North of them are called Aberginians who before the sweeping Plague scorned the confrontments of such as now count themselves but the scum of the Country and that would soon root them out were it not for the English The Churchers are a cruel bloody people which were wont to come down upon their poor neighbours bruitishly spoyling their Corn burning their houses slaying their men ravishing the Women yea sometimes eating a man one part after another before his face whil'st he was alive But they say they dare not meddle with a white faced man accompanied with his hotmouthed weapon They are tall of stature have long grim Visages slender wasted and exceeding great arms and thighs wherein their strength lies with a Fillip of their finger they will kill a Dogg They live upon Fruits Herbs and Roots but that which they most desire is Mans flesh If they catch a stranger they keep him in as good plight as they can giving him their best fare and daily pipe to him paint him and dance about him till at last they begin to eat him piece-meal They are desperate in Wars securing their bodies with Sea-horse Skins and Barks of Trees made impenitrable wearing Head-pieces of the same Their Weapons are Tamahauks which are Staves of two foot and a half long and a knob at the end as big as a Foot-ball these they carry in their right hand and in their left a Javelin or short spear headed with a sharp Sea-horse Tooth they are both deadly Weapons The Tarenteens are little less savage only they eat not mans flesh They are enemies to the Indians amongst the English and kill as many of them as they can meet with They are the more insolent because they have Guns which they trade for with the French who will sell his eyes they say for Beaver So soon as a Boat comes to an Anchor they enquire for Sack and strong Liquors which they much affect ever since the English traded it with them so that they will scarce exchange their Beaver for any thing else These are wise high spirited constant in friendship one to another true in their promises and more industrious than most others The Pequants are a stately Warlike People just in their Dealings requiters of Courtesies and affable to the English The Narragansetz are the most numerous people in those parts the richest and most industrious They are also the most curious Minters of their Wampamprag and Mowhacks which they make of the most inmost wreaths of Perriwinckles shells the Northern Eastern and Western Indies fetch all their Coin from them As also they make curious Pendants and Blacelets and stone Pipes which hold a quarter of an ounce of Tobacco these they make with Steel Drills and other Instruments and so ingenuous they are that they will imitate the English Mold so exactly that were it not for matter and Colour you could not distinguish them they make these Pipes of green or black stone they made also Pots wherein they dressed their Victuals before they knew the use of our Brass They seek rather to grow rich by Industry than famous by deeds of chivalry The Aberginians are mostly between five and six foot high straight bodied strong lim'd smooth skin'd merry countenanced of complexion something more swarthy than a Spaniard black haired high foreheaded black eyed out-nosed having broad shoulders brawny Arms long and slender hands out-breasts small wasts lank bellies handsome legs thighs flat knees and small feet It s beyond belief to conceive how such lusty bodies should be supported by such slender foot Their houses are mean their lodging as homely their commons scant their drink Water and Nature their best cloathing You shall never see any monstrous person amongst them or one whom sickness hath deformed or casualty made decrepit most are fifty years old before a wrinkled brow or Gray Hairs bewrayes their age their smooth Skins proceeds from the oft anointing their bodies with Oyl of Fishes and fat of Eagles and Rackoones which secures them also against Muskitoes Their black hair is Natural but made more jetty by oyling dying and daily dressing Sometimes they wear long hair like women sometimes they tie it up short like a horse tail their boyes must not wear their hair long till they be sixteen year old and then also but by degrees some leave a foretop others a long lock on the crown or one on each side the head as best pleases their fancy They will not endure any Hair on their Chins but scrub it up by the roots And if they see one with the appearance of a Beard they say he is an English mans Bastard Their cloathing is a piece of cloth of a yard and a half long put between their Groyns tied with Snake-skins about their middle with a flap before and hanging like a tail behind The more Aged in the Winter wear Leather Drawers like Irish Trowzes their shooes are of their own making cut out of a Mooses Hide

very witty and ingenious people They keep account of the time by the Moon or by Sommers or Winters They know divers of the Stars by name They have also many names for the Winds They will guess shrewdly at the Wind and Weather before hand by observations in the Heavens Their Language is very copious and large and hard to be learned And though in an hundred miles distance their Languages differ yet not so much but they can understand each other Instead of Records and Chonicles where any Remarkable Act is done in memory of it either in the very place or by some Path neer adjoyning they make a round hole in the Ground a foot deep and as much over which when others passing by behold they enquire the cause and occasion of it which being once known they carefully acquaint others with it And lest such holes should be filled as men pass by they will oft renew them So that if a man travels and can understand his Guide his Journey will be less tedious by the many Historical Discourses that will be related to him You have heard before of the State of New-England in the year 1633. when she was but in her childhood but being now grown up to more maturity Take this account of it which was written by a Reverend Minister in January 1668 9 who had lived there 40. years and therefore hath great reason and good opportunities to be acquainted with the condition of it WHen we came first to new-New-England in the year 169. there was then but one Town in the Country viz. that of New-Plimmouth which had stood alone for nine years From that time to this year now beginning 1669. is just fourty years in which time there has been an increase of fourty Churches in this Colony but many more in the rest And Towns in all New-England 120. which for the most part lie along the Sea Coast for somewhat more than two hundred miles only upon Connecticut River there are thirteen Towns lying neer together and about the Massacusets Bay here are above thirty Towns within two three four or five miles asunder And from the Sea which hath rendred Boston a very considerable place and the Metropolis of new-New-England all the other Towns on the Sea Coast and those in the Country depending upon it I have lately heard some Merchants that knew old Boston say that this is far bigger and hath ten times more Trade than that having many Ships and Catches and they say no less than an hundred Catches went from the Country this winter to trade in Virginia besides many others to the West Indies and to several parts of Europe It was doubted for some years whether there would be a staple Commodity in New-England but God and time have shewed many as Furs Fish Masts Pipestaves and Deal-board and such plenty of Corn and Cattel that abundance of Provision has been yearly transported for the supply of English Plantations the West-Indies and other parts in so much as though many Gentlemen of great Estates in the first year spent their Estates and some of them that were very brave men of publick spirits were brought very low both they and theirs Yet in the latter years many that have risen out of the dust by a way of Trading and Merchandising have grown unto great Estates some to ten others to twenty yea thirty or fourty thousand pound estate In the year 1643. began the combination of the united Colonies of New-England which have much encrersed since then every one of them having their distinct Pattents except New-Haven which for want of a Pattent was since the coming in of our King taken into the Colony of Connecticut And though very many of the first commers are now dead and gone yet there is grown up such a numerous Posterity here that it 's thought there are twenty times more English people now in the Country then ever came into it And it 's believed by many observing men that there are many above ten hundred thousand souls Most of the first Magistrates are dead and not above two left in the Massacusets but one in Plymouth one at Connecticut and not one at New-Haven There came over from England at several times chiefly before the year 1640. ninety fore Ministers of which twenty seven returned to England again and there are now dead in the Country thirty six and as yet living in the Country thirty one The Ministers bred up in new-New-England are one hundred thirty two of which two are dead in the Country fourty one have removed to England most of them from our Colledges besides other Schollars that have in England turned to other Professions and eighty one that are now living in the Country employed in the Ministery in several places There have been several Synods in New-England The first at Cambridge in the year 1637. wherein the Antinomian and Familistical Errors were confuted and condemned by the Word of God The second at Cambridge in the year 1646. wherein the Magistrates power and Duty in Matters of Religion and the Nature and Power of Synods was cleared The third in the year 1648. where it was declared that in Point of Doctrine these Churches consented to the Confession of Faith put forth by the Assembly at Westminster and in Point of Discipline the Platform of the Discipline of these Churches was then published The fourth was at Boston in the year 1662. concerning the Subject of Baptism and Consociation of Churches It hath pleased the Lord to give such a blessing to the Gospel among the Indians that in divers places there are not only many civilized but divers that are truly Godly and shame the English and are much hated by others of their own Country men though that Work has met with many Obstructions and Remoraes chiefly by the Death of some of the Choicest Instruments and many of the best of the Indians Yet it may be well believed that there is such a Seed of the Gospel scattered among them which will grow unto a further Harvest in God's time THE DESCRIPTION OF THE ISLAND OF BARBADOS With an Account of the Trees Plants Herbs Roots Fowls Birds Beasts Fishes Insects c. As also of their Sugar-Canes Ingenio's and manner of making their Sugars THE first Discovery made of this Island was by a Ship of Sir William Curte'us which returning from Pernambock in Brasile being driven by foul Weather upon this Coast chanced to fall upon this Island which is not far out of the way being one of the most Windwardly Islands of all the Carribies and Anchoring before it they stayed some time to inform themselves of the nature of of the place which by tryals in several places they found to be so over grown with Wood as that there could be no Champion Ground discovered wheron to Plant Nor found they any Beasts or Cattel there save Hoggs whereof there were abundance The Portugals having long before put some on shore for breed

neither of them sweet The Saint Jago Flower is very beautiful but of an unpleasing smell Another flower they have that opens not till Sun setting and is closed all day and therefore they call it the Flower of the Moon It grows in great tufts the Leaves like a heart the point turning back The flower is of a most pure Purple After the flower appears the seed black with an eye of Purple of the shape of a small Button so finely wrought and tough with all as it may well trim a suit of Apparel There is Purceane so plentifully every where as makes it disesteemed Herbs and Roots There are brought from England Rosemary Time Winter-Savory Sweet-Marjerom Pot-Marjerom Parsly Penny-royal Camomil Sage Tansie Lavender Cotton Garlick Onions Coleworts Cabbage Turnips Redishes Marigold Lettice Taragon Southern-wood c. all which prosper well There is a Root which was brought thither by the Negroes Large dry and well tasted It 's good boyled to eat with Pork mixt with Butter Vineger and Pepper It 's as big as three of our largest Turnips The strength of the Island This Island is strong by scituation For there cannot be any safe Landing but where the Harbours and Bayes are which lie to the South-West and those places are so Defencible by Nature as with small cost they are strongly fortified In the year one thousand six hundred and fifty they were able to muster ten thousand Foot as good and Resolute men as any in the World and a thousand good Horse and since then they are much increased Their Laws and Government Their Laws are like ours in England and they are governed by a Governour and ten of his Council four Courts of Justice in Civil Laws which divide the Countrey into four Circuits Justices of Peace Constables Churchwardens and Tithingmen Five Sessions in a year were held for trial of Criminal Causes and Appeals from Inferiour Courts When the Governour pleases to call an Assembly for the last Appeals and making new Laws or abolishing the Old It consists of the Governour his Councel and two Burgesses chosen by every Parish There are in the Island eleven Parishes No Tithe paid to the Minister but a yearly allowance of a Pound of Tobacco upon an Acre of every mans Land besides Church-Duties for Marriages Baptizings and Burials Their Weather Four Moneths in the year the Weather is colder then in the other eight and those are November December January and February yet are they hotter then with us in May. There is no general Fall of the Leaf every Tree having a particular time for it self as if two Locust-trees stand but at a stones cast distance one lets fall her leaves in January another in March another in July another in September The Leaves when Fallen under the Tree being most of them large and stiff when they were growing and full of veins from the middle stalk to the upper end when the thin part of the Leaf is consumed those veins appear like Skelletons with the strangest works and beautifullest Forms that can be imagined Negroes Heads They also find in the Sands things that they call Negroes-heads about two Inches long with a Forehead Eyes Nose Mouth Chin and part of the Neck They are alwayes found loose in the Sands without any Root It is black as Jet but whence it comes they know not TAR They have no Mines not so much as of Coles in the Islands There flows out of the Rock an Unctious substance somewhat like Tar It is excellent good to stop a Flux being drunk And for all Aches and Bruises being anointed with it It is so subtile that being put into the hand and rubbed there it works through the back of it PITCH and MOVNTIACK There is another Gumming Substance that is black and hard as Pitch and is used as Pitch they call call it Mountiack An Excellent REMEDY Against the STONE MY Author relates this Story concerning himself that during his abode in the Barbadoes he was taken with such a fit of the Stone that for fourteen dayes together he made not one drop of water But when he despaired of life God sent him such a Remedy as the World cannot afford a better For within ten hours after this taking of it he found himself not only eased but cured It brought away all the stones and gravel that stopped the passage and his water came as freely from him as ever before and caried before it such quantities of broken stones and gravel that the like hath hardly been seen And afterwards being in the like torment he used the same remedy and found the same ease The Medicine was this Take the Pizle of a green Turtle that lives in the Sea dry it with a moderate heat pound it in a Morter and take as much of this Powder as will lie upon a shilling in Beer Ale or Whitewine and in a short time it will work the cure These Turtles are frequent in the Chariby and Lucayick Islands near to the Barbadoes to which many of them are brought Three sorts of Turtles There are 3. sorts of Turtles The Loggerhead-Turtle the Hawks-bill-Turtle and the green Turtle which is of a less magnitude but far excelling the other two in wholesomness and rareness of tast That part of the Island which is the most remote from the Bridge the onely place of Trading by reason of deep and steep Gullies interposing the passage is almost stopt Besides the Land there is not so rich and fit to bear Canes as the other Yet it 's very useful for planting Provisions of Corn Bonavist Cassavy Potatoes c. As also of Fruit as Oranges Limons Lymes Plantanes Bonanoes Likewise for breeding of Hoggs Sheep Goats Cattel and Poultry to furnish either parts of the Island which wants those Commodities The Sugar Canes are fifteen Moneths from the time of their planting before they come to be fully ripe From the Island of Bonavista they have Horses brought to them whose Hooves are so hard and tough that they ride them at the Barbadoes down sharp and steep Rocks without shooes And no Goat goes surer on the sides of Rocks or Hills then they FINIS Here place the Examples of Minerals and Stones EXAMPLES OF THE Wonderful Works OF GOD IN THE CREATURES CHAP. I. Of strange Stones Earth and Minerals 1. IN Cornwal near unto a place called Pensans is that famous stone called Main-Amber which is a great Rock advanced upon some other of meaner size with so equal a counterpoize that a man may stir it with the push of his finger but to remove it quite out of his place a great number of men are not able Camb. Brit. p. 188. The like is in the Country of Stratherne in Scotland 2. In Summerset-shire near unto Cainsham are found in Stone-quarries stones resembling Serpents winding round in manner of a wreath the head bearing up in the Circumference and the end of the tail taking up the centre within but most of them are headless