which_o the_o whole_a country_n be_v overwhelm_v which_o now_o make_v that_o inland-sea_n that_o serve_v for_o a_o common_a passage_n between_o holland_n zealand_n flanders_n and_o brabant_n the_o sea_n for_o some_o league_n from_o zealand_n lie_v general_o upon_o such_o bank_n of_o sand_n as_o it_o do_v upon_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o maze_n though_o separate_v by_o something_o better_a channel_n than_o be_v find_v in_o the_o other_o that_o which_o seem_v likely_a to_o have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o stop_v up_o whole_o one_o of_o these_o river_n and_o obstruct_v the_o other_o be_v the_o course_n of_o westerly-wind_n which_o drive_v upon_o this_o shore_n so_o much_o more_o constant_a and_o violent_a than_o the_o east_n for_o take_v the_o season_n and_o year_n one_o with_o another_o i_o suppose_v there_o will_v be_v observe_v three_o part_n of_o westerly_a for_o one_o of_o easterly_a wind_n beside_o that_o these_o last_o general_o attend_v the_o calm_a frost_n and_o fair_a weather_n and_o the_o other_o the_o stormy_a and_o foul_a and_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n to_o make_v experiment_n of_o the_o sand_n rise_v and_o sink_v before_o a_o haven_n by_o two_o fit_n of_o these_o contrary_a wind_n above_o four_o foot_n this_o i_o presume_v be_v likewise_o the_o natural_a reason_n of_o so_o many_o deep_a and_o commodious_a havens_n find_v upon_o all_o the_o english_a side_n of_o the_o channel_n and_o so_o few_o or_o indeed_o none_o upon_o the_o french_a and_o dutch_a a_o advantage_n seem_v to_o be_v give_v we_o by_o nature_n and_o never_o to_o be_v equal_v by_o any_o art_n or_o expense_n of_o our_o neighbour_n i_o remember_v no_o mention_n in_o ancient_a author_n of_o that_o which_o be_v now_o call_v the_o zudder-sea_n which_o make_v i_o imagine_v that_o may_v have_v be_v form_v likewise_o by_o some_o great_a inundation_n break_v in_o between_o the_o tessel-island_n and_o other_o that_o lie_v still_o in_o a_o line_n contiguous_a and_o like_o the_o break_a remainder_n of_o a_o continue_a coast._n this_o seem_v more_o probable_a from_o the_o great_a shallowness_n of_o that_o sea_n and_o flatness_n of_o the_o sand_n upon_o the_o whole_a extent_n of_o it_o from_o the_o violent_a rage_n of_o the_o water_n break_v in_o that_o way_n which_o threaten_v the_o part_n of_o north-holland_n about_o medenblick_a and_o enchusen_n and_o brave_a it_o over_o the_o high_a and_o strong_a digue_n of_o the_o province_n upon_o every_o high-tide_n and_o storm_n at_o northwest_n as_o likewise_o from_o the_o name_n of_o east_n and_o west-friezland_a which_o shall_v have_v be_v one_o continent_n till_o divide_v by_o this_o sea_n and_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o first_o count_n of_o holland_n their_o great_a and_o almost_o continual_a war_n be_v against_o the_o frizon_n which_o can_v not_o have_v be_v if_o separate_v by_o this_o sea_n or_o if_o the_o frizon_n be_v only_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o north-holland_n whatever_o it_o be_v whether_o nature_n or_o accident_n and_o upon_o what_o occasion_n soever_o it_o arrive_v the_o soil_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o holland_n be_v general_o flat_a like_o the_o sea_n in_o a_o calm_a and_o look_v as_o if_o after_o a_o long_a contention_n between_o land_n and_o water_n which_o it_o shall_v belong_v to_o it_o have_v at_o length_n be_v divide_v between_o they_o for_o to_o consider_v the_o great_a river_n and_o the_o strange_a number_n of_o canal_n that_o be_v find_v in_o this_o province_n and_o do_v not_o only_o lead_v to_o every_o great_a town_n but_o almost_o to_o every_o village_n and_o every_o farmhouse_n in_o the_o country_n and_o the_o infinity_n of_o sail_n that_o be_v see_v every_o where_o course_v up_o and_o down_o upon_o they_o one_o will_v imagine_v the_o water_n to_o have_v share_v with_o the_o land_n and_o the_o people_n that_o live_v in_o boat_n to_o hold_v some_o proportion_n with_o those_o that_o live_v in_o house_n and_o this_o be_v one_o great_a advantage_n towards_o trade_n which_o be_v natural_a to_o the_o situation_n and_o not_o to_o be_v attain_v in_o any_o country_n where_o there_o be_v not_o the_o same_o level_n and_o softness_n of_o soil_n which_o make_v the_o cut_n of_o canal_n so_o easy_a work_n as_o to_o be_v attempt_v almost_o by_o every_o private_a man_n and_o one_o horse_n shall_v draw_v in_o a_o boat_n more_o than_o fifty_o can_v do_v by_o cart_n whereas_o carriage_n make_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o price_n in_o all_o heavy_a commodity_n and_o by_o this_o easy_a way_n of_o travel_v a_o industrious_a man_n lose_v no_o time_n from_o his_o business_n for_o he_o write_v or_o eat_v or_o sleep_n while_o he_o go_v whereas_o the_o time_n of_o labour_v or_o industrious_a man_n be_v the_o great_a native_a commodity_n of_o any_o country_n there_o be_v beside_o one_o very_o great_a lake_n of_o fresh_a water_n still_o remain_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o this_o province_n by_o the_o name_n of_o harlem_n maer_n which_o may_v as_o they_o say_v be_v easy_o drain_v and_o will_v thereby_o make_v a_o mighty_a addition_n of_o land_n to_o a_o country_n where_o nothing_o be_v more_o want_v and_o receive_v a_o great_a quantity_n of_o people_n in_o which_o they_o abound_v and_o who_o make_v their_o greatness_n and_o riches_n much_o discourse_n there_o have_v be_v about_o such_o a_o attempt_n but_o the_o city_n of_o leyden_n have_v no_o other_o way_n of_o refresh_v their_o town_n or_o renew_v their_o canal_n with_o fresh_a water_n but_o from_o this_o maer_n will_v never_o consent_v to_o it_o on_o the_o other_o side_n amsterdam_n will_v ever_o oppose_v the_o open_n and_o cleanse_v of_o the_o old_a channel_n of_o the_o rhine_n which_o they_o say_v may_v easy_o be_v compass_v and_o by_o which_o the_o town_n of_o leyden_n will_v grow_v maritime_a and_o share_v a_o great_a part_n of_o the_o trade_n now_o engross_v by_o amsterdam_n there_o be_v in_o north-holland_n a_o great_a essay_n make_v at_o the_o possibility_n of_o drain_n these_o great_a lake_n by_o one_o of_o about_o two_o league_n broad_a have_v be_v make_v firm_a land_n within_o these_o forty_o year_n this_o make_v that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n call_v the_o bemster_n be_v now_o the_o rich_a soil_n of_o the_o province_n lie_v upon_o a_o dead_a flat_a divide_v with_o canal_n and_o the_o way_n through_o it_o distinguish_v with_o range_n of_o tree_n which_o make_v the_o pleasant_a summer-landschip_a of_o any_o country_n i_o have_v see_v of_o that_o sort_n another_o advantage_n of_o their_o situation_n for_o trade_n be_v make_v by_o those_o two_o great_a river_n of_o the_o rind_n and_o mose_n reach_v up_o and_o navigable_a so_o mighty_a a_o length_n into_o so_o rich_a and_o populous_a country_n of_o the_o high_a and_o low_a germany_n which_o as_o it_o bring_v down_o all_o the_o commodity_n from_o those_o part_n to_o the_o magazine_n in_o holland_n that_o vent_v they_o by_o their_o ship_n into_o all_o part_n of_o the_o world_n where_o the_o market_n call_v for_o they_o so_o with_o something_o more_o labour_n and_o time_n it_o return_v all_o the_o merchandize_n of_o other_o part_n into_o those_o country_n that_o be_v seat_v upon_o these_o stream_n for_o their_o commodious_a seat_n as_o to_o the_o trade_n of_o the_o straits_n or_o baltique_a or_o any_o part_n of_o the_o ocean_n i_o see_v no_o advantage_n they_o have_v of_o most_o part_n of_o england_n and_o they_o must_v certain_o yield_v to_o many_o we_o possess_v if_o we_o have_v other_o equal_a circumstance_n to_o value_v they_o the_o lowness_n and_o flatness_n of_o their_o land_n make_v in_o a_o great_a measure_n the_o richness_n of_o their_o soil_n that_o be_v easy_o overflow_v every_o winter_n so_o as_o the_o whole_a country_n at_o that_o season_n seem_v to_o lie_v under_o water_n which_o in_o spring_n be_v drive_v out_o again_o by_o mill_n but_o that_o which_o mend_v the_o earth_n spoil_v the_o air_n which_o will_v be_v all_o fog_n and_o mist_n if_o it_o be_v not_o clear_v by_o the_o sharpness_n of_o their_o frost_n which_o never_o fail_v with_o every_o east-wind_n for_o about_o four_o month_n of_o the_o year_n and_o be_v much_o fierce_a than_o in_o the_o same_o latitude_n with_o we_o because_o that_o wind_n come_v to_o they_o over_o a_o mighty_a length_n of_o dry_a continent_n but_o be_v moisten_v by_o the_o vapour_n or_o soften_v by_o the_o warmth_n of_o the_o sea_n motion_n before_o it_o reach_v we_o and_o this_o be_v the_o great_a disadvantage_n of_o trade_n they_o receive_v from_o their_o situation_n though_o necessary_a to_o their_o health_n because_o many_o time_n their_o havens_n be_v all_o shut_v up_o for_o two_o or_o three_o month_n with_o ice_n when_o we_o be_v open_a and_o free_a the_o fierce_a sharpness_n of_o these_o wind_n make_v the_o change_n of_o their_o wether_n and_o season_n more_o violent_a and_o
tell_v we_o the_o fool_n say_v in_o he_o and_o set_v up_o with_o bring_v those_o ware_n to_o market_n which_o god_n know_v have_v be_v always_o in_o the_o world_n though_o keep_v up_o in_o corner_n because_o they_o use_v to_o mark_v their_o owner_n in_o former_a age_n with_o the_o name_n of_o buffoon_n profane_a or_o impudent_a man_n who_o deride_v all_o form_n and_o order_n as_o well_o as_o piety_n and_o truth_n and_o under_o the_o notion_n of_o foppery_n endeavour_v to_o dissolve_v the_o very_a bond_n of_o all_o civil_a society_n though_o by_o the_o favour_n and_o protection_n thereof_o they_o themselves_o enjoy_v so_o much_o great_a proportion_n of_o wealth_n and_o of_o pleasure_n than_o will_v fall_v to_o their_o share_n if_o all_o lay_v in_o common_a as_o they_o seem_v to_o design_n for_o then_o such_o possession_n will_v belong_v of_o right_a to_o the_o strong_a and_o brave_a among_o we_o under_o favour_n of_o such_o man_n i_o believe_v it_o will_v be_v find_v at_o one_o time_n or_o other_o by_o all_o who_o shall_v try_v that_o whilst_o human_a nature_n continue_v what_o it_o be_v the_o same_o order_n in_o state_n the_o same_o discipline_n in_o army_n the_o same_o reverence_n for_o thing_n sacred_a and_o respect_n of_o civil_a institution_n the_o same_o virtue_n and_o disposition_n of_o prince_n and_o magistrate_n derive_v by_o interest_n or_o imitation_n into_o the_o custom_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o people_n will_v ever_o have_v the_o same_o effect_n upon_o the_o strength_n and_o greatness_n of_o all_o government_n and_o upon_o the_o honour_n and_o authority_n of_o those_o that_o rule_n as_o well_o as_o the_o happiness_n and_o safety_n of_o those_o that_o obey_v nor_o be_v we_o to_o think_v prince_n themselves_o loser_n or_o less_o entertain_v when_o we_o see_v they_o employ_v their_o time_n and_o their_o thought_n in_o so_o useful_a speculation_n and_o to_o so_o glorious_a end_n but_o that_o rather_o thereby_o they_o attain_v their_o true_a prerogative_n of_o be_v happy_a as_o well_o as_o great_a than_o subject_n can_v be_v for_o all_o the_o pleasure_n of_o sense_n that_o any_o man_n can_v enjoy_v be_v within_o the_o reach_n of_o a_o private_a fortune_n and_o ordinary_a contrivance_n grow_v faint_a with_o age_n and_o dull_a with_o use_n must_v be_v revive_v with_o intermission_n and_o wait_v upon_o the_o return_n of_o appetite_n which_o be_v no_o more_o at_o call_v of_o the_o rich_a than_o the_o poor_a the_o slash_n of_o wit_n and_o good_a humour_n that_o rise_v from_o the_o vapour_n of_o wine_n be_v little_a different_a from_o those_o that_o proceed_v from_o the_o heat_n of_o blood_n in_o the_o first_o approach_n of_o fever_n or_o frenzy_n and_o be_v to_o be_v value_v but_o as_o indeed_o they_o be_v the_o effect_n of_o distemper_n but_o the_o pleasure_n of_o imagination_n as_o they_o heighten_v and_o refine_v the_o very_a pleasure_n of_o sense_n so_o they_o be_v of_o large_a extent_n and_o long_a duration_n and_o if_o the_o most_o sensual_a man_n will_v confess_v there_o be_v a_o pleasure_n in_o please_a he_o must_v likewise_o allow_v there_o be_v good_a to_o a_o man_n self_n in_o do_v good_a to_o other_o and_o the_o further_a this_o extend_v the_o high_a it_o rise_v and_o the_o long_o it_o last_v beside_o there_o be_v beauty_n in_o order_n and_o there_o be_v charm_n in_o well-deserved_n praise_n and_o both_o be_v the_o great_a by_o how_o much_o great_a the_o subject_a as_o the_o first_o appear_v in_o a_o well-framed_n and_o well-governed_a state_n and_o the_o other_o arise_v from_o noble_a and_o generous_a action_n nor_o can_v any_o vein_n of_o good_a humour_n be_v great_a than_o those_o that_o swell_v by_o the_o success_n of_o wise_a counsel_n and_o by_o the_o fortunate_a event_n of_o public_a affair_n since_o a_o man_n that_o take_v pleasure_n in_o do_v good_a to_o ten_o thousand_o must_v needs_o have_v more_o than_o he_o that_o take_v none_o but_o in_o do_v good_a to_o himself_o but_o these_o thought_n lead_v i_o too_o far_o and_o to_o little_a purpose_n therefore_o i_o shall_v leave_v they_o for_o those_o i_o have_v first_o in_o my_o head_n concern_v the_o state_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n and_o whereas_o the_o greatness_n of_o their_o strength_n and_o revenue_n grow_v out_o of_o the_o vastness_n of_o their_o trade_n into_o which_o their_o religion_n their_o manner_n and_o disposition_n their_o situation_n and_o the_o form_n of_o their_o government_n be_v the_o chief_a ingredient_n and_o this_o last_o have_v be_v raise_v partly_o upon_o a_o old_a foundation_n and_o partly_o with_o material_n bring_v together_o by_o many_o and_o various_a accident_n it_o will_v be_v necessary_a for_o the_o survey_n of_o this_o great_a frame_n to_o give_v some_o account_n of_o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o their_o state_n by_o point_v out_o the_o most_o remarkable_a occasion_n of_o the_o first_o and_o period_n of_o the_o other_o to_o discover_v the_o nature_n and_o constitution_n of_o their_o government_n in_o its_o several_a part_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o it_o from_o the_o first_o and_o small_a wheel_n to_o observe_v what_o be_v peculiar_a to_o they_o in_o their_o situation_n or_o disposition_n and_o what_o in_o their_o religion_n to_o take_v a_o survey_n of_o their_o trade_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o it_o of_o the_o force_n and_o revenue_n which_o compose_v their_o greatness_n and_o the_o circumstance_n and_o conjuncture_n which_o conspire_v to_o their_o fall_n and_o these_o be_v the_o head_n that_o shall_v make_v the_o order_n and_o argument_n in_o the_o several_a part_n of_o these_o observation_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o their_o state_n chap._n ii_o of_o their_o government_n chap._n iii_o of_o their_o situation_n chap._n iu._n of_o their_o people_n and_o disposition_n chap._n v._o of_o their_o religion_n chap._n vi_o of_o their_o trade_n chap._n vii_o of_o their_o force_n and_o revenue_n chap._n viii_o of_o the_o cause_n of_o their_o fall_n in_o 1672._o the_o printer_n to_o the_o reader_n the_o author_n have_v not_o concern_v himself_o in_o the_o publication_n of_o these_o paper_n it_o have_v happen_v that_o for_o want_n of_o his_o care_n in_o revise_v the_o impression_n several_a fault_n be_v slip_v in_o and_o some_o such_o as_o alter_v the_o sense_n for_o which_o i_o be_o to_o ask_v the_o reader_n be_v pardon_n and_o desire_v his_o trouble_n in_o correct_v such_o as_o occur_v to_o i_o according_a to_o the_o follow_a errata_fw-la page_n 20._o l_o 20._o r._n retain_v p._n 25._o l._n 26._o r_o execution_n p._n 46._o l._n 6._o r._n go_v on_o p._n 61._o l._n 2._o r._n form_v p._n 66._o l._n 9_o r._n elude_v p._n 90._o l._n 23._o r._n gecommitteerde_v p._n 91._o l._n 20._o deal_n either_o p._n 124._o l._n 28._o r._n be_v so_o much_o p._n 173._o l._n 17._o r._n seem_v chap._n i._o of_o the_o rise_n and_o progress_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n whoever_o will_v take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o this_o commonwealth_n must_v trace_v it_o up_o as_o high_a as_o the_o first_o commotion_n in_o the_o seventeen_o province_n under_o the_o duchess_n of_o parma_n government_n and_o the_o true_a cause_n of_o that_o more_o avow_a and_o general_a revolt_n in_o the_o duke_n of_o alva_n time_n and_o to_o find_v out_o the_o natural_a spring_n of_o those_o revolution_n must_v reflect_v upon_o that_o sort_n of_o government_n under_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o those_o province_n live_v for_o so_o many_o age_n past_a in_o the_o subjection_n of_o their_o several_a duke_n or_o count_n till_o by_o marriage_n succession_n or_o conquest_n they_o come_v to_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o house_n of_o burgundy_n under_z philip_z surname_v the_o good_a and_o afterward_o in_o that_o of_o austria_n under_z philip_z father_n of_o charles_n the_o five_o and_o last_o in_o the_o person_n of_o that_o great_a emperor_n incorporate_v with_o those_o vast_a dominion_n of_o germany_n and_o spain_n italy_n and_o the_o indies_n nor_o will_v it_o be_v from_o the_o purpose_n upon_o this_o search_n to_o run_v a_o little_a high_o into_o the_o antiquity_n of_o these_o country_n for_o though_o most_o man_n be_v content_v only_o to_o see_v a_o river_n as_o it_o run_v by_o they_o and_o talk_v of_o the_o change_n in_o it_o as_o they_o happen_v when_o it_o be_v trouble_v or_o when_o clear_a when_o it_o drown_v the_o country_n in_o a_o flood_n or_o forsake_v it_o in_o a_o drowth_n yet_o he_o that_o will_v know_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o water_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o those_o accident_n so_o as_o to_o guess_v at_o their_o continuance_n or_o return_n must_v find_v out_o its_o source_n and_o observe_v with_o what_o strength_n it_o rise_v what_o length_n it_o run_v and_o how_o many_o small_a stream_n fall_v in_o and_o feed_v it_o to_o such_o
of_o all_o land_n and_o sea-force_n as_o captain-general_n and_o admiral_n and_o thereby_o the_o disposition_n of_o all_o military_a command_n the_o power_n of_o pardon_v the_o penalty_n of_o crime_n the_o choose_n of_o magistrate_n upon_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o town_n for_o they_o present_v three_o to_o the_o prince_n who_o elect_v one_o out_o of_o that_o number_n original_o the_o states-general_n be_v convoke_v by_o the_o council_n of_o state_n where_o the_o prince_n have_v the_o great_a influence_n nor_o since_o that_o change_n have_v the_o state_n use_v to_o resolve_v any_o important_a matter_n without_o his_o advice_n beside_o all_o this_o as_o the_o states-general_n represent_v the_o sovereignty_n so_o do_v the_o prince_n of_o orange_n the_o dignity_n of_o this_o state_n by_o public_a guard_n and_o the_o attendance_n of_o all_o military_a officer_n by_o the_o application_n of_o all_o foreign_a minister_n and_o all_o pretender_n at_o home_n by_o the_o splendour_n of_o his_o 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