the_o history_n of_o russia_n or_o the_o government_n of_o the_o â—_z of_o muscovia_n with_o the_o manner_n &_o fashion_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n by_o g._n fletcher_n sometime_o fellow_n of_o king_n college_n in_o cambridge_n and_o employ_v in_o the_o embassy_n thither_o w._n m._n fecit_fw-la 1643_o the_o content_n of_o the_o several_a chapter_n chap._n 1_o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n fol._n 1_o chap._n 2_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n fol._n 6_o chap._n 3_o the_o native_a commodity_n of_o the_o country_n fol._n 14_o chap._n 4_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o russia_n fol._n 28_o chap._n 5_o the_o house_n or_o stock_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n fol._n 34_o chap._n 6_o the_o manner_n of_o inauguration_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n fol._n 40_o chap._n 7_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o government_n fol._n 47_o chap._n 8_o the_o manner_n of_o hold_v their_o parliament_n fol._n 52_o chap._n 9_o the_o russee_n nobility_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v it_o be_v keep_v in_o a_o under_o proportion_n agreeable_a to_o that_o state_n fol._n 57_o chap._n 10_o the_o government_n of_o their_o province_n or_o shire_n fol._n 70_o chap._n 11_o the_o emperor_n privy_a council_n fol._n 82_o chap._n 12_o the_o emperor_n custom_n and_o other_o revenue_n with_o the_o sophism_n practise_v for_o the_o increase_n of_o they_o fol._n 86_o chap._n 13_o the_o russee_n commonalty_n and_o their_o condition_n fol._n 107_o chap._n 14_o their_o public_a justice_n and_o manner_n of_o proceed_v therein_o fol._n 117_o chap._n 15_o the_o emperor_n force_n for_o his_o war_n with_o the_o officer_n and_o their_o salary_n fol._n 127_o chap._n 16_o their_o manner_n of_o muster_v armour_n and_o provision_n of_o victual_n fol._n 137_o chap._n 17_o their_o order_n in_o march_v charge_v and_o their_o martial_a discipline_n fol._n 141_o chap._n 18_o their_o colony_n and_o policy_n in_o maintain_v their_o purchase_n by_o conquest_n fol._n 146_o chap._n 19_o their_o borderer_n with_o who_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n fol._n 155_o chap._n 20_o of_o the_o permian_o samoite_n and_o lap_n fol._n 180_o chap._n 21_o their_o ecclesiastical_a state_n with_o their_o church_n office_n fol._n 166_o chap._n 22_o their_o liturgy_n or_o form_n of_o church-service_n with_o their_o manner_n of_o administer_a the_o sacrament_n fol._n 218_o chap._n â—3_n the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n fol._n 231_o chap._n â—4_n their_o manner_n of_o solemnize_n marriage_n fol._n 240_o chap._n â—5_n the_o other_o ceremony_n of_o the_o ruff_n church_n fol._n 246_o chap._n 26_o the_o emperor_n domestic_a behaviour_n fol._n 256_o chap._n 27_o the_o emperor_n household_n with_o the_o office_n of_o his_o house_n fol._n 265_o chap._n 28_o the_o private_a behaviour_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o ruff_n people_n fol._n 268_o chap._n 1._o the_o description_n of_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o the_o breadth_n length_n and_o name_n of_o the_o shire_n the_o country_n of_o russia_n be_v sometime_o call_v sarmatia_n it_o change_v the_o name_n as_o some_o do_v suppose_v for_o â—hat_n it_o be_v part_v into_o divers_a small_a and_o yet_o absolute_a government_n not_o depend_v nor_o be_v subject_a the_o one_o â—o_o the_o other_o for_o russee_n in_o that_o tongue_n do_v signify_v as_o much_o as_o to_o part_v or_o divide_v the_o ruff_n report_v that_o four_o brother_n truber_n rurico_fw-la sinees_n and_o â—arivus_fw-la divide_v among_o they_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o country_n likewise_o that_o the_o south_n part_n be_v pofess_z by_o four_o other_o kio_n scieâ—o_n â—horanus_fw-la and_o their_o sister_n libeda_n each_o â—alling_v his_o territory_n after_o his_o own_o â—ame_n of_o this_o partition_n it_o be_v calid_v russia_n about_o the_o year_n from_o christ_n 860._o as_o for_o the_o conjecture_n which_o i_o find_v in_o some_o cosmographer_n that_o the_o ruff_n nation_n borrow_v the_o name_n of_o the_o people_n call_v râ—xellani_n and_o be_v the_o very_a same_o nation_n with_o they_o it_o be_v without_o all_o good_a probability_n both_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n which_o be_v very_o far_o fetch_v and_o especial_o for_o the_o seat_n and_o dwell_n of_o that_o people_n which_o be_v betwixt_o the_o two_o river_n of_o tanais_n and_o boristhenes_n as_o strabo_n reporteh_n quite_o another_o way_n from_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n when_o it_o bear_v the_o name_n of_o sarmatia_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o chief_a part_n the_o white_a and_o the_o black_n the_o white_a sarmatia_n be_v all_o that_o part_n that_o lie_v towards_o the_o north_n and_o on_o the_o side_n of_o liefland_n as_o the_o province_n now_o call_v duyna_n vagha_n ustic_n vologda_n cargapolia_fw-la novogradia_n etc._n etc._n whereof_o novograd_n velica_fw-la be_v the_o metropolis_n or_o chief_a city_n black_a sarmatia_n be_v all_o that_o country_n that_o lie_v southward_o towards_o the_o euxin_n or_o black_a sea_n as_o the_o dukedom_n of_o volodemer_n of_o mosko_n rezan_n etc._n etc._n some_o have_v think_v that_o the_o name_n of_o sarmatia_n be_v first_o take_v from_o one_o sarmates_n who_o moses_n and_o josephus_n call_v asarmathes_n son_n to_o joktan_n and_o nephew_n to_o heber_n of_o the_o posterity_n of_o sem._n but_o this_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o but_o a_o conjecture_n take_v out_o of_o the_o likeness_n of_o the_o name_n asarmathes_n for_o the_o dwell_n of_o all_o joktans_n posterity_n be_v describe_v by_o moses_n to_o have_v be_v betwixt_o mescha_n or_o masius_n a_o hill_n of_o the_o amonite_n and_o sephace_v near_o to_o the_o river_n euphrates_n which_o make_v it_o very_o unlikely_a that_o asarmathes_n shall_v plant_v any_o colony_n so_o far_o off_o in_o the_o north_n &_o northwest_o country_n it_o be_v bound_v northward_o by_o the_o lap_n and_o the_o north_n ocean_n on_o the_o southside_n by_o the_o tartar_n call_v chrims_n eastward_o they_o have_v the_o nagaian_n tartar_n that_o possess_v all_o the_o country_n on_o the_o eastside_n of_o volgha_n towards_o the_o caspian_a sea_n on_o the_o west_n and_o southwest_n border_n lie_v lituania_n livonia_n and_o polonia_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v now_o reduce_v under_o the_o government_n of_o one_o contain_v these_o chief_a province_n or_o shire_n volodemer_n which_o bear_v the_o first_o place_n in_o the_o emperor_n style_n because_o their_o house_n come_v of_o the_o duke_n of_o that_o country_n mosko_n nisnovogrod_n plesko_n smolensko_n novogrod_n velica_fw-la or_o novogrod_v of_o the_o low_a country_n rostove_n yaruslave_n bealozera_n bezan_n duyna_n cargapolia_fw-la meschora_n vagha_n ustugâ—_n ghaletsa_n these_o be_v the_o natural_a shire_n pertain_v to_o russia_n but_o far_o great_a and_o large_a than_o the_o shire_n of_o england_n though_o not_o so_o well_o people_v the_o other_o country_n or_o province_n which_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n â—…ve_v get_v perforce_o add_v of_o late_a to_o â—…ir_v other_o dominion_n be_v these_o which_o â—…low_n twerra_fw-mi youghoria_n permia_n 〈…〉_z boulghoria_n chernigo_n oudoâ—…_n oâ—doria_n condora_n with_o a_o great_a 〈◊〉_d of_o siberia_n where_o the_o people_n 〈…〉_z they_o be_v not_o natural_a russes_z â—…ey_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o â—…uled_v by_o the_o law_n of_o his_o country_n 〈◊〉_d custom_n and_o tax_n as_o his_o â—…le_n do_v beside_o these_o he_o have_v undâ—…m_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o â—…acan_n get_v by_o conquest_n not_o lonâ—…_n as_o for_o all_o his_o possession_n in_o 〈…〉_z to_o the_o number_n of_o 30._o greatâ—…ns_n and_o more_o with_o narve_v and_o 〈…〉_z in_o livonia_n they_o be_v quite_o go_v be_v surprise_v of_o late_a year_n by_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o sweden_n these_o shire_n and_o province_n be_v reduce_v all_o into_o four_o jurisdiction_n which_o they_o call_v chetfyrd_n that_o be_v tetrarchy_n or_o four_o part_n whereof_o we_o be_v to_o speak_v in_o the_o title_n or_o chapter_n concern_v the_o province_n and_o their_o manner_n of_o government_n the_o whole_a country_n be_v of_o great_a length_n and_o breadth_n from_o the_o north_n to_o the_o south_n if_o you_o measure_v from_o colam_z to_o astracan_a which_o bend_v somewhat_o eastward_o it_o reach_v in_o length_n about_o 4260_o verse_v or_o mile_n not_o withstand_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n haâ—…_n more_o territory_n northward_o far_o beyond_o colam_z unto_o the_o river_n of_o tromschua_n that_o run_v a_o 1000_o verse_v well_o nigh_o beyond_o pechinga_n near_o to_o ward_v house_n but_o not_o entire_a nor_o clear_o limit_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o denmark_n that_o have_v divers_a town_n there_o as_o well_o as_o the_o ruff_n plot_v together_o the_o one_o with_o the_o other_o every_o one_o of_o they_o claim_v the_o whole_a of_o those_o north_n part_n as_o his_o own_o right_n the_o breadth_n if_o you_o go_v from_o that_o part_n
of_o his_o territory_n that_o lie_v far_a westward_n on_o the_o narve_v side_n to_o the_o part_n of_o siberia_n eastward_o where_o the_o emperor_n have_v his_o garrison_n be_v 4400._o verse_v or_o thereabouts_o a_o verse_v by_o their_o reckon_n be_v a_o 1000_o pace_n yet_o less_o by_o one_o quarter_n then_o a_o english_a mile_n if_o the_o whole_a dominion_n of_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n be_v all_o habitable_a and_o people_v in_o all_o place_n as_o it_o be_v in_o some_o he_o will_v either_o hardly_o hold_v it_o all_o within_o one_o regiment_n or_o be_v overmightie_a for_o all_o his_o neighbour_n prince_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o soil_n and_o climate_n the_o soil_n of_o the_o country_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v of_o a_o slight_a sandy_a mould_n yet_o very_a much_o different_a one_o place_n from_o another_o for_o the_o yield_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o grow_v out_o of_o the_o earth_n the_o country_n northwards_o towards_o the_o part_n of_o s._n nicholas_n and_o colam_z and_o north-east_n towards_o siberia_n be_v all_o very_a barren_a and_o full_a of_o desert_n wood_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o climate_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o cold_a in_o wintertime_n so_o likewise_o along_o the_o river_n volgha_n betwixt_o the_o country_n of_o cazan_n and_o astracan_a where_o notwithstanding_o the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a it_o be_v all_o habit_v save_v that_o upon_o the_o river_n volgha_n on_o the_o westside_n the_o emperor_n have_v some_o few_o castle_n with_o garrison_n in_o they_o this_o happen_v by_o mean_n of_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n that_o will_v neither_o himself_o plant_v town_n to_o dwell_v there_o live_v a_o wild_a and_o vagrant_a life_n nor_o suffer_v the_o ruff_n that_o be_v far_o off_o with_o the_o strength_n of_o his_o country_n to_o people_n those_o part_n from_o vologda_n which_o lie_v almost_o 1700._o verse_v from_o the_o port_n of_o s._n nicholas_n down_o towards_o mosko_n and_o so_o towards_o the_o south_n part_n that_o border_v upon_o the_o chrim_n which_o contain_v the_o like_a space_n of_o 1700._o verse_v or_o thereabouts_o be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a country_n yield_v pasture_n and_o corn_n with_o wood_n and_o water_n in_o very_o great_a plenty_n the_o like_a be_v betwixt_o rezan_n that_o lie_v southeast_n from_o mosko_n to_o novograd_n and_o vobsko_n that_o reach_v further_a towards_o the_o northwest_o so_o betwixt_o mosko_n and_o smolensko_n that_o lie_v south-west_n towards_o lituania_n be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n the_o whole_a country_n differ_v verâ—_n 〈…〉_z from_o itself_o by_o reason_n of_o thâ—_n year_n so_o that_o a_o man_n would-marvel_a to_o see_v the_o great_a alteration_n and_o difference_n betwixt_o the_o winter_n and_o the_o summer_n rusâ—…a_n the_o whole_a country_n in_o the_o winter_n lie_v under_o snow_n which_o fall_v continual_o and_o be_v sometime_o of_o a_o yard_n or_o two_o thick_a but_o great_a towards_o the_o north._n the_o river_n and_o other_o water_n be_v freeze_v up_o a_o yard_n or_o more_o thick_a how_o swift_a or_o broad_a soever_o they_o be_v and_o this_o continue_v common_o five_o month_n viz._n from_o the_o begin_n of_o november_n till_o towards_o the_o end_n of_o march_n what_o time_n the_o snow_n begin_v to_o melt_v so_o that_o it_o will_v breed_v a_o frost_n in_o a_o man_n to_o look_v abroad_o at_o that_o time_n and_o see_v the_o winter_n face_n of_o that_o country_n the_o sharpness_n of_o the_o air_n you_o may_v judge_v of_o by_o this_o for_o that_o water_n drop_v down_o or_o cast_v up_o into_o the_o air_n congeal_v into_o ice_n before_o it_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n in_o the_o extremity_n of_o winter_n if_o you_o hold_v a_o pewter_n dish_n or_o pot_n in_o your_o hand_n or_o any_o other_o metal_n except_o in_o some_o chamber_n where_o their_o warm_a stove_n be_v your_o finger_n will_v frieze_n fast_o unto_o it_o and_o draw_v off_o the_o skin_n at_o he_o part_v when_o you_o pass_v out_o of_o a_o â—arm_a room_n into_o a_o cold_a you_o shall_v sensible_o feel_v your_o breath_n to_o wax_v stark_o and_o even_o stifle_v with_o the_o coldâ—_n as_o you_o draw_v it_o in_o and_o out_o divers_a not_o only_o that_o travel_n abroad_o but_o in_o the_o very_a market_n and_o street_n of_o their_o town_n be_v mortal_o pinch_v and_o kill_v withal_o so_o that_o you_o shall_v see_v many_o drop_n down_o in_o the_o street_n many_o traveller_n bring_v into_o the_o town_n sit_v dead_a and_o stiff_a in_o their_o fled_n divers_a lose_v their_o nose_n the_o tip_n of_o their_o ear_n and_o the_o ball_n of_o their_o cheek_n their_o toe_n foot_n etc._n etc._n many_o time_n when_o the_o winter_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o extreme_a the_o bear_v and_o wolf_n issue_v by_o troop_n out_o of_o the_o wood_n drive_v by_o hunger_n and_o enter_v the_o village_n tear_v and_o raven_v all_o they_o can_v find_v so_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v fain_o to_o flee_v for_o safeguard_n of_o their_o life_n and_o yet_o in_o the_o summertime_n you_o shall_v see_v such_o a_o new_a hue_n and_o face_n of_o a_o country_n the_o wood_n for_o the_o most_o part_n which_o be_v all_o of_o fir_n and_o birch_n so_o fresh_a and_o so_o sweet_a the_o pasture_n and_o meadow_n so_o green_a and_o well_o grow_v and_o that_o upon_o the_o sudden_a such_o variety_n of_o flower_n such_o noise_n of_o bird_n special_o of_o nightingale_n that_o seem_v to_o be_v more_o loud_a and_o of_o a_o more_o variable_a note_n then_o in_o other_o country_n that_o a_o man_n shall_v not_o light_o travel_v in_o a_o more_o pleasant_a country_n and_o this_o fresh_a and_o speedy_a growth_n of_o the_o spring_n there_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o benefit_n of_o the_o snow_n which_o all_o the_o wintertime_n be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o a_o white_a robe_n and_o keep_v it_o warm_a from_o the_o rigour_n of_o the_o frost_n in_o the_o spring_n time_n when_o the_o sun_n wax_v warm_a and_o dissolve_v it_o into_o water_n do_v so_o thorough_o drench_v and_o soak_v the_o ground_n that_o be_v somewhat_o of_o a_o slight_a and_o sandy_a mould_n and_o then_o shine_v so_o hot_o upon_o it_o again_o that_o it_o draw_v the_o herb_n and_o plant_n forth_o in_o great_a plenty_n and_o variety_n in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n as_o the_o winter_n exceed_v in_o cold_a so_o the_o summer_n incline_v to_o overmuch_a heat_n special_o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n july_n and_o august_n be_v much_o warm_a than_o the_o summer-aire_n in_o england_n the_o country_n throughout_o be_v very_o well_o water_v with_o spring_n river_n and_o ozerae_n or_o lake_n wherein_o the_o providence_n of_o god_n be_v to_o be_v note_v for_o that_o much_o of_o the_o country_n be_v so_o far_o inland_n as_o that_o some_o part_n lie_v a_o 1000_o mile_n and_o more_o every_o way_n from_o any_o sea_n yet_o it_o be_v serve_v with_o fair_a river_n and_o that_o in_o very_o great_a number_n that_o empty_v themselves_o one_o into_o another_o run_v all_o into_o the_o sea_n their_o lake_n be_v many_o and_o large_a some_o of_o 60._o 80._o 100_o and_o 200._o mile_n long_o with_o breadth_n proportionate_a the_o chief_n river_n be_v these_o 1._o volgha_n that_o have_v his_o head_n or_o spring_n at_o the_o root_n of_o a_o aldertree_n about_o 200._o verse_v above_o yaruslave_n and_o grow_v so_o big_a by_o the_o increase_n of_o other_o river_n by_o that_o time_n it_o come_v thither_o that_o it_o be_v broad_a a_o english_a mile_n and_o more_o and_o so_o run_v into_o the_o caspian_a sea_n about_o 2800._o verse_v or_o mile_n of_o length_n the_o next_o be_v boristhenes_n now_o call_v neper_n that_o divide_v the_o country_n from_o lituania_n and_o fall_v into_o the_o euxin_n sea_n the_o three_o tanais_n or_o don_n the_o ancient_a bounder_n betwixt_o europe_n and_o asia_n that_o take_v his_o head_n out_o of_o rezan_n ozera_n and_o so_o run_v through_o the_o country_n of_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n fall_v into_o the_o great_a sea_n lake_n or_o mear_v call_v maeotis_n by_o the_o city_n of_o azou_n by_o this_o river_n as_o the_o ruff_n report_v you_o may_v pass_v from_o their_o city_n mosko_n to_o constantinople_n and_o so_o into_o all_o those_o part_n of_o the_o world_n by_o water_n draw_v your_o boat_n as_o their_o manner_n be_v over_o a_o little_a isthmus_n or_o narrow_a slip_n of_o land_n a_o few_o verst_n overthwart_o which_o be_v prove_v not_o long_o since_o by_o a_o ambassador_n send_v to_o constantinople_n who_o pass_v the_o river_n of_o moskua_n and_o so_o into_o another_o call_v ocka_fw-mi whence_o he_o draw_v his_o boat_n over_o into_o tanais_n and_o thence_o pass_v the_o whole_a way_n by_o water_n the_o four_o be_v call_v duyna_n many_o hundred_o mile_n long_o that_o fall_v northward_o into_o the_o bay_n of_o saint_n nicholas_n and_o have_v great_a
be_v ever_o note_v in_o the_o practice_n of_o his_o war_n and_o namely_o at_o the_o siege_n of_o vobsko_n about_o eight_o year_n since_o where_o he_o repulse_v the_o polonian_a king_n stepan_n batore_n with_o his_o whole_a army_n of_o 100000._o man_n and_o force_v he_o in_o the_o end_n to_o give_v over_o his_o siege_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o many_o of_o his_o best_a captain_n and_o soldier_n put_v in_o a_o set_a field_n the_o ruff_n be_v note_v to_o have_v ever_o the_o worse_a of_o the_o polonian_a and_o sweden_n if_o any_o behave_v himself_o more_o valiant_o than_o the_o rest_n or_o do_v any_o special_a piece_n of_o service_n the_o emperor_n send_v he_o a_o piece_n of_o gold_n stamp_v with_o the_o image_n of_o saint_n george_n on_o horseback_n which_o they_o hang_v on_o their_o sleeve_n and_o set_v in_o their_o cap_n and_o this_o be_v account_v the_o great_a honour_n they_o can_v receive_v for_o any_o service_n they_o do_v chap._n xviii_o of_o their_o colony_n and_o maintain_v of_o 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the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o smolensko_n and_o many_o other_o fair_a town_n with_o a_o large_a territory_n belong_v unto_o they_o about_o the_o year_n 1514._o these_o victory_n against_o the_o lettoe_n or_o lituanian_o in_o the_o time_n of_o alexander_n their_o duke_n he_o achieve_v rather_o by_o advantage_n of_o civil_a dissension_n and_o treason_n among_o themselves_o then_o by_o any_o great_a policy_n or_o force_v of_o his_o own_o but_o all_o this_o be_v lose_v again_o by_o his_o son_n juan_n vasilowich_n about_o eight_o or_o nine_o year_n past_a upon_o composition_n with_o the_o polonian_a king_n stepan_n batore_n whereunto_o he_o be_v force_v by_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v then_o of_o he_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o foil_n he_o have_v give_v he_o before_o and_o the_o disquietness_n of_o his_o own_o state_n at_o home_n only_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n at_o this_o time_n have_v leave_v he_o on_o that_o side_n his_o country_n the_o city_n of_o smolensko_n 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country_n people_n that_o shall_v have_v till_v the_o ground_n and_o may_v easy_o have_v be_v keep_v in_o order_n without_o any_o danger_n by_o other_o good_a policy_n he_o be_v drive_v afterward_o many_o year_n together_o to_o victual_v the_o country_n special_o the_o great_a town_n out_o of_o his_o own_o country_n of_o russia_n the_o soil_n lie_v there_o in_o the_o mean_a while_n waste_v and_o untilled_a the_o like_a fall_v out_o at_o the_o port_n of_o narue_v in_o liefland_n where_o his_o son_n juan_n vasilowich_n devise_v to_o build_v a_o town_n and_o a_o castle_n on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o river_n call_v juan_n gorod_v to_o keep_v the_o town_n and_o country_n in_o subjection_n the_o castle_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v so_o build_v and_o fortify_v that_o it_o be_v think_v to_o be_v invincible_a and_o when_o it_o be_v finish_v for_o reward_v to_o the_o architect_n that_o be_v a_o polonian_a he_o put_v out_o both_o his_o eye_n to_o make_v he_o unable_a to_o build_v the_o like_a again_o but_o have_v leave_v the_o native_n all_o within_o their_o own_o country_n without_o abate_v their_o number_n or_o strength_n the_o town_n and_o castle_n not_o long_o after_o be_v betray_v and_o surrender_v again_o to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n on_o the_o south-east-side_n they_o have_v get_v the_o kingdom_n of_o cazan_n and_o astracan_a these_o be_v win_v from_o the_o tartar_n by_o the_o late_a emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n father_n to_o the_o emperor_n that_o now_o be_v the_o one_o about_o 35._o the_o other_o about_o 33._o year_n ago_o northward_o out_o of_o the_o country_n of_o siberia_n he_o have_v lay_v unto_o his_o realm_n a_o great_a breadth_n and_o length_n of_o ground_n from_o wichida_n to_o the_o river_n of_o obba_n about_o a_o 1000_o mile_n space_n so_o that_o he_o be_v bold_a to_o write_v himself_o now_o the_o great_a commander_n of_o siberia_n the_o country_n likewise_o of_o permia_n and_o pechora_n be_v a_o divers_a people_n and_o language_n from_o the_o ruff_n overcome_v not_o long_o since_o and_o that_o rather_o by_o threaten_v and_o shake_v of_o the_o sword_n then_o by_o any_o actual_a source_n as_o be_v a_o weak_a and_o naked_a people_n without_o mean_n to_o resist_v that_o which_o the_o ruff_n have_v in_o his_o present_a possession_n he_o keep_v on_o this_o sort_n in_o his_o four_a chief_n border_n town_n of_o vobsko_n smolensko_fw-mi astâ—acan_a and_o cazan_n he_o have_v certain_a of_o his_o counsel_n not_o of_o the_o great_a nobility_n but_o of_o great_a trust_n which_o have_v more_o authority_n within_o their_o precinct_n for_o the_o countenance_v and_o strengthen_v of_o their_o government_n there_o than_o the_o other_o duke_n that_o be_v set_v to_o govern_v in_o other_o place_n as_o be_v note_v before_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o order_v their_o province_n these_o he_o change_v sometime_o every_o year_n sometime_o every_o second_o or_o three_o year_n but_o exceed_v not_o that_o time_n except_o upon_o very_o special_a trust_n and_o good_a like_n of_o the_o party_n and_o his_o service_n lest_o by_o enlarge_n of_o their_o time_n they_o may_v grow_v into_o some_o familiarity_n with_o the_o enemy_n as_o some_o have_v do_v be_v so_o far_o out_o of_o sight_n the_o town_n beside_o be_v very_o strong_o fence_v with_o trench_n castle_n and_o store_n of_o munition_n and_o have_v garrison_n within_o they_o to_o the_o number_n of_o two_o or_o three_o thousand_o apiece_o they_o be_v store_v with_o victual_n if_o any_o siege_n shall_v come_v upon_o they_o for_o the_o space_n of_o two_o or_o three_o year_n beforehand_o the_o four_o castle_n of_o smolensko_n vobsko_fw-mi cazan_n and_o astracan_a he_o have_v make_v very_o strong_a to_o bear_v out_o any_o siege_n so_o that_o it_o be_v think_v that_o those_o town_n be_v impregnable_a as_o for_o the_o country_n of_o pechora_n and_o permia_n and_o that_o part_n of_o siberia_n which_o he_o have_v now_o under_o he_o they_o be_v keep_v by_o as_o easy_a mean_n as_o they_o be_v first_o 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life_n and_o death_n and_o that_o by_o evidence_n upon_o information_n though_o they_o never_o see_v nor_o hear_v the_o party_n who_o be_v keep_v still_o in_o prison_n where_o the_o fact_n be_v commit_v and_o never_o send_v up_o to_o the_o place_n where_o he_o be_v try_v if_o they_o find_v the_o party_n guilty_a they_o give_v sentence_n of_o death_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o fact_n which_o be_v send_v down_o by_o the_o lord_n of_o the_o chetfird_n to_o the_o duke_n and_o diack_n to_o be_v put_v in_o executien_n the_o prisoner_n be_v carry_v to_o the_o place_n of_o execution_n with_o his_o hand_n bind_v and_o a_o wax_n candle_n burn_v hold_v betwixt_o his_o finger_n their_o capital_a punishment_n be_v hang_v head_v knock_v on_o the_o head_n drown_v put_v under_o the_o ice_n set_v on_o a_o stake_n and_o such_o like_a but_o for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o prisoner_n that_o be_v condemn_v in_o summer_n be_v keep_v for_o the_o winter_n to_o be_v knock_v in_o the_o head_n and_o put_v under_o the_o ice_n this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o common_a person_n for_o theft_n and_o murder_n if_o they_o be_v commit_v upon_o a_o poor_a mousick_n by_o one_o of_o nobility_n be_v not_o light_o punish_v nor_o yet_o be_v he_o call_v to_o any_o account_n for_o it_o their_o reason_n be_v because_o they_o be_v account_v their_o kolophey_n or_o bondslave_n if_o by_o some_o sinaboiarskey_n or_o gentleman-souldier_n a_o murder_n or_o theft_n be_v commit_v peradventure_o he_o shall_v be_v imprison_v at_o the_o emperor_n pleasure_n if_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o fact_n be_v very_o notorious_a he_o be_v whip_v perchance_o and_o this_o be_v common_o all_o the_o punishment_n that_o be_v inflict_v upon_o they_o if_o a_o man_n kill_v his_o own_o servant_n little_a or_o nothing_o be_v say_v unto_o he_o for_o the_o same_o reason_n because_o he_o be_v account_v to_o be_v his_o kolophey_n or_o bondslave_n and_o so_o to_o have_v right_a over_o his_o very_a head_n the_o most_o be_v some_o small_a mulct_n to_o the_o emperor_n if_o the_o party_n be_v rich_a and_o so_o the_o quarrel_n be_v make_v rather_o against_o the_o purse_n then_o against_o the_o injustice_n they_o have_v no_o write_a law_n save_v only_o a_o small_a book_n that_o contain_v the_o time_n and_o manner_n of_o their_o sit_v order_n in_o proceed_v and_o such_o other_o judicial_a form_n and_o circumstance_n but_o nothing_o to_o direct_v they_o to_o give_v sentence_n upon_o right_n or_o wrong_n their_o only_a law_n be_v their_o speak_a law_n that_o be_v the_o pleasure_n of_o the_o prince_n and_o of_o his_o magistrate_n and_o officer_n which_o show_v the_o miserable_a condition_n of_o this_o poor_a people_n that_o be_v force_v to_o have_v they_o for_o their_o law_n and_o direction_n of_o justice_n against_o who_o injustice_n and_o extreme_a oppression_n they_o have_v need_v to_o be_v arm_v with_o many_o good_a and_o strong_a law_n chap._n xv._n their_o force_n for_o the_o war_n with_o the_o chief_a officer_n and_o their_o salary_n the_o soldier_n of_o russia_n be_v call_v sinaboiarskey_n or_o the_o son_n of_o gentleman_n because_o they_o be_v all_o of_o that_o degree_n by_o virtue_n of_o their_o military_a profession_n for_o every_o soldier_n in_o russia_n be_v a_o gentleman_n and_o none_o be_v gentleman_n but_o only_o the_o soldier_n that_o take_v it_o by_o descent_n from_o their_o ancestor_n so_o that_o the_o son_n of_o a_o gentleman_n which_o be_v bear_v a_o soldier_n be_v ever_o a_o gentleman_n and_o a_o soldier_n withal_o and_o profess_v nothing_o else_o but_o military_a matter_n when_o they_o be_v of_o year_n able_a to_o bear_v arm_n they_o come_v to_o the_o office_n of_o roserade_n or_o great_a constable_n and_o there_o present_v themselves_o who_o enter_v their_o name_n and_o allot_v they_o certain_a land_n to_o maintain_v their_o charge_n for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o that_o their_o father_n enjoy_v for_o the_o land_n assign_v to_o maintain_v the_o army_n be_v ever_o certain_a annex_v to_o this_o office_n without_o improve_n or_o detract_n one_o foot_n but_o that_o if_o the_o emperor_n have_v sufficient_a in_o wage_n the_o room_n be_v full_a so_o far_o as_o the_o land_n do_v extend_v already_o they_o be_v many_o time_n defer_v and_o have_v nothing_o allow_v they_o except_o some_o one_o portion_n of_o the_o land_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o which_o be_v a_o cause_n of_o great_a disorder_n within_o that_o country_n when_o a_o soldier_n that_o have_v many_o child_n shall_v have_v sometime_o but_o one_o entertain_v in_o the_o emperor_n pay_n so_o that_o the_o rest_n have_v nothing_o be_v force_v to_o live_v by_o unjust_a and_o wicked_a shift_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o hurt_n and_o oppression_n of_o the_o mousick_n or_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n this_o inconvenience_n grow_v by_o maintain_v his_o force_n in_o a_o continual_a succession_n the_o whole_a number_n of_o his_o soldier_n in_o continual_a pay_n be_v this_o first_o he_o have_v of_o his_o dworaney_n that_o be_v pensioner_n or_o guard_n of_o his_o person_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 15000._o horseman_n with_o their_o captain_n and_o other_o officer_n that_o be_v always_o in_o a_o readiness_n of_o these_o 15000._o horseman_n there_o be_v three_o sort_n or_o degree_n which_o differ_v as_o well_o in_o estimation_n as_o in_o wage_n one_o degree_n from_o another_o the_o first_o sort_n of_o they_o be_v call_v dworaney_n bulshey_n or_o the_o company_n of_o head_n pensioner_n that_o have_v some_o a_o hundred_o some_o fourscore_o rubbel_n a_o year_n and_o none_o under_o 70._o the_o second_o sort_n be_v call_v seredney_n dworaney_n or_o the_o middle_a rank_n of_o pensioner_n these_o have_v sixty_o or_o fifty_o rubbel_n by_o the_o year_n none_o under_o forty_o the_o three_o and_o low_a sort_n be_v the_o dyta_n boiarskey_n that_o be_v the_o low_a pensioner_n their_o salary_n be_v thirty_o rubbel_n a_o year_n for_o he_o that_o have_v most_o some_o have_v but_o five_o and_o twenty_o some_o twenty_o none_o under_o twelve_o whereof_o the_o half_a part_n be_v pay_v they_o at_o the_o mosko_n the_o other_o half_o in_o the_o field_n by_o the_o general_n when_o they_o have_v any_o war_n and_o be_v employ_v in_o service_n when_o they_o receive_v their_o whole_a pay_n it_o amount_v to_o 55000._o rubbel_n by_o the_o year_n and_o this_o be_v their_o wage_n beside_o land_n allot_v to_o every_o one_o of_o they_o both_o to_o the_o great_a and_o the_o less_o according_a to_o their_o degree_n whereof_o he_o that_o have_v least_o have_v to_o yield_v he_o twen_v tie_v rubbel_n or_o mark_n by_o the_o year_n beside_o these_o 15000._o horseman_n that_o be_v of_o better_a choice_n as_o be_v the_o emperor_n own_o guard_n when_o himself_o go_v to_o the_o war_n not_o unlike_o the_o roman_a soldier_n call_v praetoriam_fw-la be_v 110_o man_n of_o special_a account_n for_o their_o nobility_n and_o trust_n which_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o have_v their_o name_n register_v that_o find_v among_o they_o for_o the_o emperor_n ware_n to_o the_o number_n of_o 65000._o horseman_n with_o all_o necessary_n meet_v for_o the_o wart_n after_o the_o ruff_n manner_n to_o this_o end_n they_o have_v yearly_a allowance_n make_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o themselves_o and_o their_o company_n to_o the_o sum_n of_o 40000._o rubbel_n and_o these_o 65000._o be_v to_o repair_v to_o the_o field_n every_o year_n on_o the_o border_n towards_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n except_o they_o be_v appoint_v for_o some_o other_o service_n whether_o there_o be_v warres-with_a the_o tartar_n or_o not_o this_o may_v seem_v peradventure_o somewhat_o dangerous_a for_o some_o state_n to_o have_v so_o great_a force_n under_o the_o command_n of_o nobleman_n to_o assemble_v every_o year_n to_o one_o certain_a place_n but_o the_o matter_n be_v so_o use_v as_o that_o no_o danger_n can_v grow_v to_o the_o emperor_n or_o his_o state_n by_o this_o mean_n 1._o because_o these_o nobleman_n be_v many_o to_o wit_n a_o 110_o in_o all_o and_o change_v by_o the_o emperor_n so_o oft_o as_o he_o think_v good_a 2._o because_o they_o have_v their_o live_n of_o the_o emperor_n be_v otherwise_o but_o of_o very_a small_a revenue_n and_o receive_v this_o yearly_a pay_n of_o 40000._o rubbel_n when_o it_o be_v present_o to_o be_v pay_v forth_o again_o to_o the_o soldier_n that_o be_v under_o they_o 3._o because_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v about_o the_o emperor_n person_n be_v of_o his_o council_n either_o special_a or_o at_o large_a 4._o they_o be_v rather_o as_o paymaster_n than_o captain_n to_o their_o company_n themselves_o not_o go_v forth_o ordinary_o to_o the_o war_n save_v when_o some_o of_o they_o be_v appoint_v by_o special_a order_n from_o the_o emperor_n himself_o so_o the_o whole_a number_n of_o
nor_o money_n be_v tax_v and_o peel_v so_o often_o as_o he_o think_v good_a without_o any_o mean_n to_o shake_v off_o that_o yoke_n or_o to_o relieve_v themselves_o in_o siberia_n where_o he_o go_v on_o in_o pursue_v his_o conquest_n he_o have_v divers_a castle_n and_o garrison_n to_o the_o number_n of_o six_o thousand_o soldier_n of_o russes_z and_o polonian_n and_o send_v many_o new_a supply_n thither_o to_o plant_v and_o to_o inhabit_v as_o he_o win_v ground_n at_o this_o time_n beside_o he_o have_v get_v the_o king_n brother_n of_o siberia_n allure_v by_o certain_a of_o his_o captain_n to_o leave_v his_o own_o country_n by_o offer_n of_o great_a entertainment_n and_o pleasant_a life_n with_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n than_o he_o have_v in_o siberia_n he_o be_v bring_v in_o this_o last_o year_n and_o be_v now_o with_o the_o emperor_n at_o mosko_n well_o entertain_v this_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o ruff_n practice_v wheresoever_o he_o rule_v either_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n or_o by_o conquest_n first_o he_o bereave_v the_o country_n of_o armour_n and_o other_o mean_n of_o defence_n which_o he_o permit_v to_o none_o but_o to_o his_o boiarskeis_n only_o second_o he_o rob_v they_o continual_o of_o their_o money_n and_o dommodity_n and_o leave_v they_o hare_n with_o nothing_o but_o their_o body_n and_o life_n within_o certain_a year_n compass_n three_o he_o rent_v and_o divide_v his_o territory_n into_o many_o small_a piece_n by_o several_a government_n so_o that_o none_o have_v much_o under_o he_o to_o make_v any_o strength_n though_o he_o have_v other_o opportunity_n four_o he_o govern_v his_o country_n by_o man_n of_o small_a reputation_n and_o no_o power_n of_o themselves_o and_o stranger_n in_o those_o place_n where_o their_o government_n lie_v five_o he_o change_v his_o governor_n once_o a_o year_n ordinary_o that_o there_o grow_v no_o great_a like_n nor_o entireness_n betwixt_o the_o people_n and_o they_o nor_o acquaintance_n with_o the_o enemy_n if_o they_o lie_v towards_o the_o border_n six_o he_o appoint_v in_o one_o and_o the_o same_o place_n adversary_n governor_n the_o one_o to_o be_v as_o controller_n of_o the_o other_o as_o the_o duke_n and_o diack_n where_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o envy_n and_o emulation_n there_o be_v less_o hurt_n to_o be_v fear_v by_o their_o agreement_n and_o himself_o be_v better_a inform_v what_o be_v do_v amiss_o seven_o he_o send_v many_o time_n into_o every_o province_n secret_a messenger_n of_o special_a trust_n about_o he_o as_o intelligencer_n to_o pâ—iâ—_n and_o hearken_v out_o what_o be_v do_v and_o what_o be_v amiss_o there_o and_o this_o be_v ordinary_a though_o it_o be_v sudden_a and_o unknown_a what_o time_n they_o will_v come_v chap._n xix_o of_o the_o tartar_n and_o other_o borderer_n to_o the_o country_n of_o russia_n with_o who_o they_o have_v most_o to_o do_v in_o war_n and_o peace_n their_o neighbour_n with_o who_o they_o have_v great_a deal_n and_o intercourse_n both_o in_o peace_n and_o war_n be_v first_o the_o tartar_n second_o the_o polonian_a who_o the_o ruff_n call_v laches_n note_v the_o first_o author_n or_o founder_n of_o the_o nation_n who_o be_v call_v laches_n or_o leches_n where_o unto_o be_v add_v po_n which_o signify_v people_n and_o so_o be_v make_v polache_n that_o be_v the_o people_n or_o posterity_n of_o laches_n which_o the_o latin_n after_o their_o manner_n of_o writing_n call_v polanos_fw-la the_o three_o be_v the_o swedens_fw-fr the_o polonian_n and_o swedens_fw-fr be_v herter_n know_v to_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n then_o be_v the_o tartar_n that_o be_v further_o off_o from_o we_o as_o be_v of_o asia_n and_o divide_v into_o many_o tribe_n different_a both_o in_o name_n and_o government_n one_o from_o another_o the_o great_a and_o mighty_a of_o they_o be_v the_o chrim_a tartar_n who_o some_o call_v the_o great_a cham_n that_o lie_v south_n and_o southeastward_o from_o russia_n and_o do_v most_o annoy_n the_o country_n by_o often_o invasion_n common_o once_o every_o year_n sometime_o enter_v very_o far_o within_o the_o inland_n part_n in_o the_o year_n 1571._o he_o come_v as_o far_o as_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n with_o a_o army_n of_o 200000._o man_n without_o any_o battle_n or_o resistance_n at_o all_o for_o that_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n then_o juan_n vasilowich_n lead_v forth_o his_o army_n to_o encounter_v with_o he_o march_v a_o wrong_a way_n but_o as_o it_o be_v think_v of_o very_a purpose_n as_o not_o dare_v to_o adventure_v the_o field_n by_o reason_n that_o he_o doubt_v his_o nobility_n and_o chief_a captain_n of_o a_o meaning_n to_o betray_v he_o to_o the_o tartar_n the_o city_n he_o take_v not_o but_o fire_v the_o suburb_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o building_n which_o be_v all_o of_o wood_n without_o any_o stone_n brick_n or_o lime_n save_v certain_a outroom_n kindle_v so_o quick_o and_o go_v on_o with_o such_o rage_n as_o that_o it_o consume_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o city_n almost_o within_o the_o space_n of_o four_o hour_n be_v of_o 30._o mile_n or_o more_o of_o compass_n then_o may_v you_o have_v see_v a_o lamentable_a spectacle_n beside_o the_o huge_a and_o mighty_a flame_n of_o the_o city_n all_o on_o light_a fire_n the_o people_n burn_v in_o their_o house_n and_o street_n but_o most_o of_o all_o of_o such_o as_o labour_v to_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o gate_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n where_o meet_v together_o in_o a_o mighty_a throng_n and_o so_o press_v every_o man_n to_o prevent_v another_o wedge_v themselves_o so_o fast_o within_o the_o gate_n and_o street_n near_o unto_o it_o as_o that_o three_o rank_n walk_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o head_n the_o uppermost_a tread_v down_o those_o that_o be_v low_a so_o that_o there_o perish_v at_o that_o time_n as_o be_v say_v by_o the_o fire_n and_o the_o press_n the_o number_n of_o 800000._o people_n or_o more_o the_o chrim_n thus_o have_v fire_v the_o city_n and_o feed_v his_o eye_n with_o the_o sight_n of_o it_o all_o on_o a_o light_a flame_n return_v with_o his_o army_n and_o send_v to_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n a_o knife_n as_o be_v say_v to_o stick_v himself_o withal_o upbraid_v thiâ—_n less_o and_o his_o desperate_a case_n as_o not_o dare_v either_o to_o meet_v his_o enemy_n in_o the_o field_n nor_o to_o trust_v his_o friend_n or_o subject_n at_o home_o the_o prnicipall_a cause_n of_o this_o continual_a quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o ruff_n and_o the_o chrim_n be_v for_o the_o right_n of_o certain_a border_n part_v claim_v by_o the_o tartar_n but_o possess_v by_o the_o ruff_n the_o tartar_n allege_v that_o beside_o astracan_a &_o cazan_n that_o be_v the_o ancient_a possession_n of_o the_o east_n tartar_n the_o whole_a country_n from_o his_o bound_n north_n and_o westward_n so_o far_o as_o the_o city_n of_o mosko_n and_o mosko_n itself_o pertain_v to_o his_o right_n which_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v true_a by_o the_o report_n of_o the_o russes_z themselves_z that_o tell_v of_o a_o certain_a homage_n that_o be_v do_v by_o the_o ruff_n emperor_n every_o year_n to_o the_o great_a chrim_n or_o cham_n the_o ruff_n emperor_n stand_v on_o foot_n and_o feed_v the_o chrims_n horse_n himself_n sit_v on_o his_o back_n with_o oat_n out_o of_o his_o own_o cap_n in_o stead_n of_o a_o bowl_n or_o manger_n and_o that_o within_o the_o castle_n of_o mosko_n and_o this_o homage_n they_o say_v be_v do_v till_o the_o time_n of_o basileus_n grandfather_n to_o this_o man_n who_o surprise_v the_o chrim_a emperor_n by_o a_o stratagem_n do_v by_o one_o of_o his_o nobility_n call_v juan_n demetrowich_n belschey_n be_v content_a with_o this_o ransom_n viz._n with_o the_o change_n of_o this_o homage_n into_o a_o tribute_n of_o fur_n which_o afterward_o also_o be_v deny_v to_o be_v pay_v by_o this_o emperor_n father_n hereupon_o they_o continue_v the_o quarrel_n the_o ruff_n defend_v his_o country_n and_o that_o which_o he_o have_v win_v the_o chrim_a tartar_n invade_v he_o once_o or_o twice_o every_o year_n sometime_o about_o whitsuntide_n but_o often_o in_o harvest_n what_o time_n if_o the_o great_a cham_fw-mi or_o chrim_n come_v in_o his_o own_o person_n he_o bring_v with_o he_o a_o great_a army_n of_o 100000._o or_o 200000._o man_n otherwise_o they_o make_v short_a and_o sudden_a road_n into_o the_o country_n with_o lesser_a number_n fun_v about_o the_o list_n of_o the_o border_n as_o wild_a goose_n fly_v invade_v and_o retire_v where_o they_o see_v advantage_n their_o common_a practice_n be_v very_o populous_a be_v to_o make_v divers_a army_n and_o so_o draw_v the_o ruff_n to_o one_o or_o two_o place_n of_o the_o frontier_n to_o invade_v at_o some_o other_o place_n that_o be_v leave_v without_o defence_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_n or_o order_v of_o their_o force_n be_v
beginning_n from_o the_o nation_n of_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n of_o which_o opinion_n be_v laonicus_n chalcocondylas_n the_o greek_a historiographer_n in_o his_o first_o book_n of_o his_o turkish_a story_n wherein_o he_o follow_v divers_a very_o probable_a conjecture_n the_o first_o take_v from_o the_o very_a name_n itself_o for_o that_o the_o word_n turk_n signify_v a_o shepherd_n or_o one_o that_o follow_v a_o vagrant_a and_o wild_a kind_n of_o life_n by_o which_o name_n these_o scythian_a tartar_n have_v ever_o be_v note_v be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d or_o the_o scythian_a shepherd_n his_o second_o reason_n because_o the_o turk_n in_o his_o time_n that_o dwell_v in_o asia_n the_o less_o to_o wit_n in_o lydia_n coria_n phrygia_n and_o cappadocia_n speak_v the_o very_a same_o language_n that_o these_o tartar_n do_v that_o dwell_v betwixt_o the_o river_n tanais_n or_o don_n and_o the_o country_n of_o sarmatia_n which_o as_o be_v well_o know_v be_v these_o tartar_n call_v chrims_n at_o this_o time_n also_o the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o turk_n differ_v not_o much_o in_o their_o common_a speech_n from_o the_o tartar_n language_n three_o because_o the_o turk_n and_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n agree_v so_o well_o together_o as_o well_o in_o religion_n as_o in_o matter_n of_o traffic_n never_o invade_v or_o injure_v one_o another_o save_v that_o the_o turk_n since_o laonicus_n his_o time_n have_v encroch_v upon_o some_o town_n upon_o the_o euxin_n sea_n that_o before_o pertain_v to_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n four_o because_o ortogules_n son_n to_o oguzalpe_n and_o father_n to_o otoman_n the_o first_o of_o name_n of_o the_o turkish_a nation_n make_v his_o first_o road_n out_o of_o those_o part_n of_o asia_n upon_o the_o next_o borderer_n till_o he_o come_v towards_o the_o country_n about_o the_o hill_n taurus_n where_o he_o overcome_v the_o greek_n that_o inhabit_v there_o and_o so_o enlarge_v the_o name_n and_o territory_n of_o the_o turkish_a nation_n till_o he_o come_v to_o eubea_n and_o attica_n and_o other_o part_n of_o greece_n this_o be_v the_o opinion_n of_o laonicus_n who_o live_v among_o the_o turk_n in_o the_o time_n of_o amurat_n the_o six_o turkish_a emperor_n about_o the_o year_n 1400._o when_o the_o memory_n of_o their_o original_n be_v more_o fresh_a and_o therefore_o the_o likely_a he_o be_v to_o hit_v the_o truth_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o tartar_n that_o border_n upon_o russia_n as_o the_o nagay_n the_o cheremissen_n the_o mordwite_n the_o chircass_n and_o the_o sbalcans_n which_o all_o differ_v in_o name_n more_o than_o in_o regiment_n or_o other_o condition_n from_o the_o chrim_a tartar_n except_o the_o chircass_n that_o border_n southwest_n towards_o lituania_n and_o be_v far_o more_o civil_a than_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o tartar_n of_o a_o comely_a person_n and_o of_o a_o stately_a behaviour_n as_o apply_v themselves_o to_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o polonian_a some_o of_o they_o have_v subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o profess_v christianity_n the_o nagay_n lie_v eastward_o and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o best_a man_n of_o war_n among_o all_o the_o tartar_n but_o very_o savage_a and_o cruel_a above_o all_o the_o rest_n the_o cheremissen_n tartar_n that_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o ruff_n and_o the_o nagay_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n the_o lugavoy_n that_o be_v of_o the_o valley_n and_o the_o nagornay_n or_o of_o the_o hilly_a country_n these_o have_v much_o trouble_v the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n and_o therefore_o they_o be_v content_a now_o to_o buy_v peace_n of_o they_o under_o pretence_n of_o give_v a_o yearly_a pension_n of_o russee_n commodity_n to_o their_o morseis_n or_o divoymorseis_n that_o be_v chief_a of_o their_o tribe_n for_o which_o also_o they_o be_v bind_v to_o serve_v they_o in_o their_o war_n under_o certain_a condition_n they_o be_v say_v to_o be_v just_a and_o true_a in_o their_o deal_n and_o for_o that_o cause_n they_o hate_v the_o russee_n people_n who_o they_o account_v to_o be_v double_a and_o false_a in_o all_o their_o deal_n and_o therefore_o the_o common_a sort_n be_v very_o unwilling_a to_o keep_v agreement_n with_o they_o but_o that_o they_o be_v keep_v in_o by_o their_o morseis_n or_o duke_n for_o their_o pension_n sake_n the_o most_o rude_a and_o barbarous_a be_v count_v the_o mordwite_n tartar_n that_o have_v many_o self-fashion_n and_o strange_a kind_n of_o behaviour_n differ_v from_o the_o rest_n for_o his_o religion_n though_o he_o acknowledge_v one_o god_n yet_o his_o manner_n be_v to_o worship_n for_o god_n that_o live_a thing_n that_o he_o first_o meet_v in_o the_o morning_n and_o to_o swear_v by_o it_o all_o that_o whole_a day_n whether_o it_o be_v horse_n dog_n cat_n or_o whatsoever_o else_o it_o be_v when_o his_o friend_n die_v he_o kill_v his_o best_a horse_n and_o have_v flay_v off_o the_o skin_n he_o carry_v it_o on_o high_a upon_o a_o long_a pole_n before_o the_o corpse_n to_o the_o place_n of_o burial_n this_o he_o do_v as_o the_o ruff_n say_v that_o his_o friend_n may_v have_v a_o good_a horse_n to_o carry_v he_o to_o heaven_n but_o it_o be_v likely_a to_o declare_v his_o love_n towards_o his_o dead_a friend_n in_o that_o he_o will_v have_v to_o die_v with_o he_o the_o best_a thing_n that_o he_o have_v next_o to_o the_o kingdom_n of_o astracan_a that_o be_v the_o further_a part_n south-eastward_a of_o the_o ruff_n dominion_n lie_v the_o shalcan_n and_o the_o country_n of_o media_n whither_o the_o ruff_n merchant_n trade_n for_o raw_a silk_n syndon_v saphion_n skin_n and_o other_o commodity_n the_o chief_a town_n of_o media_n where_o the_o ruff_n trade_v be_v derbent_a build_v by_o alexander_n the_o great_a as_o the_o inhabitant_n say_v and_o zamachie_n where_o the_o staple_n be_v keep_v for_o raw_a silk_n their_o manner_n be_v in_o the_o springtime_n to_o revive_v the_o silkworm_n that_o lie_v dead_a all_o the_o winter_n by_o lay_v they_o in_o the_o warm_a sun_n and_o to_o hasten_v their_o quicken_n that_o they_o may_v soon_o go_v to_o work_v to_o put_v they_o into_o bag_n and_o so_o to_o hang_v they_o under_o their_o child_n arm_n as_o for_o the_o worm_n call_v chrinisin_n as_o we_o call_v it_o chrymson_n that_o make_v colour_v silk_n it_o be_v breed_v not_o in_o media_n but_o in_o assyria_n this_o trade_n to_o derbent_a &_o samachie_n for_o raw_a silk_n and_o other_o commodity_n of_o that_o country_n as_o also_o into_o persiae_n and_o bougharia_n down_o the_o river_n volgha_n and_o through_o the_o caspian_a sea_n be_v permit_v as_o well_o to_o the_o english_a as_o to_z the_o ruff_n merchant_n by_o the_o emperor_n last_o grant_n at_o my_o be_v there_o which_o he_o account_v for_o a_o very_a special_a favour_n and_o may_v prove_v indeed_o very_o beneficial_a to_o our_o english_a merchant_n if_o the_o trade_n be_v well_o and_o orderly_o use_v the_o whole_a nation_n of_o the_o tartar_n be_v utter_o void_a of_o all_o learning_n and_o without_o write_v law_n yet_o certain_a rule_v they_o have_v which_o they_o hold_v by_o tradition_n common_a to_o all_o the_o hoard_v for_o the_o practice_n of_o their_o life_n which_o be_v of_o this_o sort_n 1._o to_o obey_v their_o emperor_n and_o other_o magistrate_n whatsoever_o they_o command_v about_o the_o public_a service_n 2._o except_o for_o the_o public_a behoof_n every_o man_n to_o be_v free_a and_o out_o of_o controllment_n 3._o no_o private_a man_n to_o possess_v any_o land_n but_o the_o whole_a country_n to_o be_v as_o a_o common_a 4._o to_o neglect_v all_o daintiness_n and_o variety_n of_o meat_n and_o to_o content_v themselves_o with_o that_o which_o come_v next_o to_o hand_n for_o more_o hardness_n and_o readiness_n in_o the_o execute_n of_o their_o affair_n 5._o to_o wear_v any_o base_a attire_n and_o to_o patch_v their_o clothes_n whether_o there_o be_v any_o need_n or_o not_o that_o when_o there_o 〈◊〉_d need_n it_o be_v no_o shame_n to_o wear_v a_o patch_a coat_n 6._o to_o take_v or_o steal_v from_o any_o stranger_n whatsoever_o they_o can_v get_v as_o be_v enemy_n to_o all_o man_n save_v to_o such_o as_o will_v subject_v themselves_o to_o they_o 7._o towards_o their_o own_o hoard_n and_o nation_n to_o be_v true_a in_o word_n and_o in_o deed_n 8._o to_o suffer_v no_o stranger_n to_o come_v within_o the_o realm_n if_o any_o do_v the_o same_o to_o be_v bondslave_n to_o he_o that_o first_o take_v he_o except_o such_o merchant_n and_o other_o as_o have_v the_o tartar_n bull_n or_o passport_n about_o they_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o permian_o samoite_n and_o lap_n the_o permian_o and_o samoite_n that_o lie_v from_o russia_n north_n and_o northeast_n be_v think_v likewise_o to_o have_v take_v their_o beginning_n from_o the_o tartar_n kind_n and_o it_o may_v partly_o be_v guess_v by_o the_o fashion_n of_o
have_v the_o same_o full_a authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n that_o pertain_v before_o to_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n or_o sin_n and_o that_o it_o may_v be_v do_v with_o more_o order_n and_o solemnity_n the_o 25._o of_o januarie_n 1588._o the_o greek_a patriarch_n accompany_v with_o the_o ruff_n clergy_n go_v to_o the_o great_a church_n of_o precheste_n or_o our_o lady_n within_o the_o emperor_n castle_n have_v first_o wander_v through_o the_o whole_a city_n in_o manner_n of_o a_o procession_n and_o blessing_n the_o people_n with_o his_o two_o finger_n where_o he_o make_v a_o oration_n and_o deliver_v his_o resignation_n in_o a_o instrument_n of_o writing_n and_o so_o lay_v down_o his_o patriarchicall_a staff_n which_o be_v present_o receive_v by_o the_o metropolite_n of_o mosko_n and_o divers_a other_o ceremony_n use_v about_o the_o inauguration_n of_o this_o new_a patriarch_n the_o day_n be_v hold_v very_o solemn_a by_o the_o people_n of_o the_o city_n who_o be_v command_v to_o forbear_v their_o work_n and_o to_o attend_v this_o solemnity_n the_o great_a patriarch_n that_o day_n be_v honour_v with_o rich_a present_n send_v he_o from_o the_o emperor_n and_o empress_n of_o plate_n cloth_n of_o gold_n fur_n etc._n etc._n carry_v with_o great_a pomp_n through_o the_o street_n of_o mosko_n and_o at_o his_o depart_n receive_v many_o gift_n more_o both_o from_o the_o emperor_n nobility_n and_o clergy_n thus_o the_o patriarchship_n of_o constantinople_n or_o sio_n which_o have_v continue_v since_o the_o council_n of_o nice_a be_v now_o translate_v to_o mosko_n or_o they_o make_v believe_v that_o they_o have_v a_o patriarch_n with_o the_o same_o right_a and_o authority_n that_o the_o other_o have_v wherein_o the_o subtle_a greek_a have_v make_v good_a advantage_n of_o their_o superstition_n and_o be_v now_o go_v away_o with_o a_o rich_a booty_n into_o poland_n whether_o their_o patriarchship_n be_v currant_n or_o not_o the_o matter_n be_v not_o unlike_a to_o make_v some_o schism_n betwixt_o the_o greek_a and_o russee_n church_n if_o the_o ruff_n hold_v this_o patriarchship_n that_o he_o have_v so_o well_o pay_v for_o and_o the_o greek_n elect_v another_o withal_o as_o likely_a they_o will_v whether_o this_o man_n be_v banish_v by_o the_o turk_n or_o deprive_v by_o order_n of_o his_o own_o clergy_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o give_v advantage_n to_o the_o pope_n and_o to_o bring_v over_o the_o ruff_n church_n to_o the_o sea_n of_o rome_n to_o which_o end_n peradventure_o he_o devise_v this_o stratagem_n and_o cast_v in_o this_o matter_n of_o schism_n among_o they_o but_o that_o the_o emperor_n of_o russia_n know_v well_o enough_o by_o the_o example_n of_o other_o christian_a prince_n what_o inconvenience_n will_v grow_v to_o their_o state_n and_o country_n by_o subject_v themselves_o to_o the_o romish_a sea_n to_o which_o end_n the_o late_a emperor_n juan_n vasilowich_n be_v very_o inquisitive_a of_o the_o pope_n authority_n over_o the_o prince_n of_o christendom_n and_o send_v one_o of_o very_a purpose_n to_o rome_n to_o behold_v the_o order_n and_o behaviour_n of_o his_o court._n with_o this_o patriarch_n hieronimo_n be_v drive_v out_o at_o the_o same_o time_n by_o the_o great_a turk_n one_o demetrio_n archbishop_n of_o larissa_n who_o be_v now_o in_o england_n and_o pretend_v the_o same_o cause_n of_o their_o banishment_n by_o the_o turk_n to_o wit_n their_o not_o admit_v of_o the_o pope_n new_a calendar_n for_o the_o alteration_n of_o the_o year_n which_o how_o unlikely_a it_o be_v may_v appear_v by_o these_o circumstance_n first_o because_o there_o be_v no_o such_o affection_n nor_o friendly_a respect_n betwixt_o the_o pope_n and_o the_o turk_n as_o that_o he_o shall_v banish_v a_o subject_n for_o not_o obey_v the_o pope_n ordinance_n special_o in_o a_o matter_n of_o some_o sequel_n for_o the_o alteration_n of_o time_n within_o his_o own_o country_n second_o for_o that_o he_o make_v no_o such_o scruple_n in_o deduct_v of_o time_n and_o keep_v of_o a_o just_a and_o precise_a account_n from_o the_o incarnation_n of_o christ_n who_o he_o do_v not_o acknowledge_v otherwise_o then_o i_o note_v before_o three_o for_o that_o the_o say_a patriarch_n be_v now_o at_o naples_n in_o italy_n where_o it_o may_v be_v guess_v he_o will_v not_o have_v go_v within_o the_o pope_n reach_n and_o so_o near_o to_o his_o nose_n if_o he_o have_v be_v banish_v for_o oppose_v himself_o against_o the_o pope_n decree_n this_o office_n of_o patriarchship_n now_o translate_v to_o mosko_n bear_v a_o superior_a authority_n over_o all_o the_o church_n not_o only_o of_o russia_n and_o other_o the_o emperor_n dominion_n but_o throughout_o all_o the_o church_n of_o christendom_n that_o be_v before_o under_o the_o patriarch_n of_o constantinople_n or_o sio_n or_o at_o least_o the_o ruff_n patriarch_n imagine_v himself_o to_o have_v the_o same_o authority_n he_o have_v under_o he_o as_o his_o proper_a diocese_n the_o province_n of_o mosko_n beside_o other_o peculiar_o his_o court_n or_o office_n be_v keep_v at_o the_o mosko_n before_o the_o creation_n of_o this_o new_a patriarch_n they_o have_v but_o one_o metropolite_n that_o be_v call_v the_o metropolite_n of_o mosko_n now_o for_o more_o state_n to_o their_o church_n and_o new_a patriarch_n they_o have_v two_o metropolites_n the_o one_o of_o novogrod_n velica_fw-la the_o other_o of_o rostove_n their_o office_n be_v to_o receive_v of_o the_o patriarch_n such_o ecclesiastical_a order_n as_o he_o think_v good_a and_o to_o deliver_v the_o charge_n of_o they_o over_o to_o the_o archbishop_n beside_o the_o order_n of_o their_o own_o diocese_n their_o archbishop_n be_v four_o of_o smolensko_n cazan_n vobsko_n and_o vologda_n the_o part_n of_o their_o office_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o metropolites_n save_v that_o they_o have_v a_o under_o jurisdiction_n as_o suffragans_fw-la to_o the_o metropolites_n and_o superior_n to_o the_o bishop_n the_o next_o be_v the_o uladikeis_n or_o bishop_n that_o be_v but_o six_o in_o all_o of_o crutiska_n of_o rezan_n of_o otfer_n and_o torshock_v of_o collomenska_n of_o volodemer_n of_o susdalla_n these_o have_v every_o one_o a_o very_a large_a diocese_n as_o divide_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n among_o they_o the_o matter_n pertain_v to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a jurisdiction_n of_o the_o metropolites_n archbishop_n and_o bishop_n be_v the_o same_o in_o a_o manner_n that_o be_v use_v by_o the_o clergy_n in_o other_o part_n of_o christendom_n for_o beside_o their_o authority_n over_o the_o clergy_n and_o order_v such_o matter_n as_o be_v mere_a ecclesiastical_a their_o jurisdiction_n extend_v to_o all_o testamentary_a cause_n matter_n of_o marriage_n and_o divorcement_n some_o plea_n of_o injury_n etc._n etc._n to_o which_o purpose_n also_o they_o have_v their_o official_o or_o commissary_n which_o they_o call_v boiaren_a uladitskey_n that_o be_v layman_n of_o the_o degree_n of_o duke_n or_o gentleman_n that_o keep_v their_o court_n and_o execute_v their_o jurisdiction_n which_o beside_o their_o other_o oppression_n over_o the_o common_a people_n reign_n over_o the_o priest_n as_o the_o duke_n and_o diack_n do_v over_o the_o poor_a people_n within_o their_o precinct_n as_o for_o the_o archbishop_n or_o bishop_n himself_o he_o bear_v no_o sway_n in_o decide_v those_o cause_n that_o be_v bring_v into_o his_o court_n but_o if_o he_o will_v moderate_v any_o matter_n he_o must_v do_v it_o by_o entreaty_n with_o his_o gentleman_n official_a the_o reason_n be_v because_o these_o boiarskey_n or_o gentleman_n official_o be_v not_o appoint_v by_o the_o bishop_n but_o by_o the_o emperor_n himself_o or_o his_o council_n and_o be_v to_o give_v account_n of_o their_o do_n to_o none_o but_o to_o they_o if_o the_o bishop_n can_v entreat_v at_o his_o admission_n to_o have_v the_o choice_n of_o his_o own_o official_a it_o be_v account_v for_o a_o special_a great_a favour_n but_o to_o speak_v it_o as_o it_o be_v the_o clergy_n of_o russia_n as_o well_o concern_v their_o land_n and_o revenue_n as_o their_o authority_n and_o jurisdiction_n be_v altogether_o order_v and_o overrule_v by_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n and_o have_v so_o much_o and_o no_o more_o of_o both_o as_o their_o pleasure_n do_v permit_v they_o they_o have_v also_o their_o assistant_n or_o several_a counsel_n as_o they_o call_v they_o of_o certain_a priest_n that_o be_v of_o their_o diocese_n reside_v within_o their_o cathedral_n city_n to_o the_o number_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o a_o piece_n these_o advice_n with_o they_o about_o the_o special_a and_o necessary_a matter_n belong_v to_o their_o charge_n concern_v their_o rent_n and_o revenue_n to_o maintain_v their_o dignity_n it_o be_v somewhat_o large_a the_o patriarch_n yearly_a rent_n out_o of_o his_o land_n beside_o other_o fee_n be_v about_o 3000._o rubbel_n or_o mark_n the_o metropolites_n and_o archbishop_n about_o 2500._o the_o bishop_n
to_o be_v no_o better_o than_o tuâ—ks_v in_o comparison_n of_o themselves_o and_o so_o they_o will_v say_v because_o they_o bow_v not_o themselves_o when_o they_o meet_v with_o the_o cross_n nor_o sign_n themselves_o with_o it_o as_o the_o ruff_n manner_n be_v they_o have_v holy_a water_n in_o like_a use_n and_o estimation_n as_o the_o popish_a church_n have_v but_o herein_o they_o exceed_v they_o in_o that_o they_o do_v not_o only_o hallow_v their_o holy_a water_n stock_n and_o tub_n full_a of_o water_n but_o all_o the_o river_n of_o the_o country_n once_o every_o year_n at_o mosko_n it_o be_v do_v with_o great_a pomp_n and_o solemnity_n the_o emperor_n himself_o be_v present_a at_o it_o with_o all_o his_o nobility_n march_v through_o the_o street_n towards_o the_o river_n of_o moskua_n in_o manner_n of_o procession_n in_o this_o order_n as_o follow_v first_o go_v two_o deacon_n with_o banner_n in_o their_o hand_n the_o one_o of_o precheste_n or_o our_o lady_n the_o other_o of_o s._n michael_n fight_v with_o the_o dragon_n then_o follow_v after_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deacon_n and_o the_o priest_n of_o mosko_n two_o and_o two_o in_o a_o rank_n with_o cope_v on_o their_o back_n and_o their_o idol_n at_o their_o breast_n carry_v with_o girdle_n or_o sling_n make_v fast_o about_o their_o neck_n next_o the_o priest_n come_v their_o bishop_n in_o their_o pontificalibus_fw-la then_o the_o friar_n monk_n and_o abbot_n and_o after_o the_o patriarch_n in_o rich_a attire_n with_o a_o ball_n or_o sphere_n on_o the_o top_n of_o his_o mitre_n to_o signify_v his_o universality_n over_o that_o church_n last_o come_v the_o emperor_n with_o all_o his_o nobility_n the_o whole_a train_n be_v of_o a_o mile_n long_o or_o more_o when_o they_o be_v come_v to_o the_o river_n a_o great_a hole_n be_v make_v in_o the_o ice_n where_o the_o market_n be_v keep_v of_o a_o rod_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a with_o a_o stage_n round_o about_o it_o to_o keep_v off_o the_o press_n then_o begin_v the_o patriarch_n to_o say_v certain_a prayer_n and_o conjure_v the_o devil_n to_o come_v out_o of_o the_o water_n and_o so_o cast_v in_o salt_n and_o cense_v it_o with_o frankincense_n make_v the_o whole_a river_n to_o become_v holy_a water_n the_o morning_n before_o all_o the_o people_n of_o mosko_n use_v to_o make_v cross_n of_o chalk_n over_o every_o door_n and_o window_n of_o their_o house_n lest_o the_o devil_n be_v conjure_v out_o of_o the_o water_n shall_v fly_v into_o their_o house_n when_o the_o ceremony_n be_v end_v you_o shall_v see_v the_o black_a guard_n of_o the_o emperor_n house_n and_o then_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o town_n with_o their_o pail_n and_o bucket_n to_o take_v of_o the_o hallow_a water_n for_o drink_v and_o other_o use_n you_o shall_v also_o see_v the_o woman_n dip_v in_o their_o child_n over_o head_n and_o ear_n &_o many_o man_n and_o woman_n leap_v into_o it_o some_o naked_a some_o with_o their_o clothes_n on_o when_o some_o man_n will_v think_v his_o finger_n will_v frieze_n off_o if_o he_o shall_v but_o dip_v it_o into_o the_o water_n when_o the_o man_n have_v do_v they_o bring_v their_o horse_n to_o the_o river_n to_o drink_v of_o the_o sanctify_a water_n and_o so_o make_v they_o as_o holy_a as_o a_o horse_n their_o set_a day_n for_o this_o solemn_a action_n of_o hallow_v their_o river_n be_v that_o we_o call_v twelfthday_n the_o like_a be_v do_v by_o other_o bishop_n in_o all_o part_n of_o the_o realm_n their_o manner_n be_v also_o to_o give_v it_o to_o their_o sick_a in_o their_o great_a extremity_n think_v that_o it_o will_v either_o recover_v they_o or_o sanctify_v they_o to_o god_n whereby_o they_o kill_v many_o through_o their_o unreasonable_a superstition_n as_o do_v the_o lord_n borris_n his_o only_a son_n at_o my_o be_v at_o the_o mosko_n who_o he_o kill_v as_o be_v say_v by_o the_o physician_n by_o pour_v into_o he_o cold_a holy_a water_n and_o present_v he_o naked_a into_o the_o church_n to_o their_o saint_n basileo_n in_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o winter_n in_o a_o extremity_n of_o sickness_n they_o have_v a_o image_n of_o christ_n which_o they_o call_v neruchi_n which_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o make_v without_o hand_n for_o so_o their_o priest_n and_o superstition_n withal_o persuade_v they_o it_o be_v this_o in_o their_o procession_n they_o carry_v about_o with_o they_o on_o high_a upon_o a_o pole_n enclose_v within_o a_o pix_n make_v like_o a_o lantern_n and_o do_v reverence_n to_o it_o as_o to_o a_o great_a mystery_n at_o every_o brew_n their_o manner_n be_v likewise_o to_o bring_v a_o dish_n of_o their_o wort_n to_o the_o priest_n within_o the_o church_n which_o be_v hallow_v by_o he_o be_v pour_v into_o the_o brew_n and_o so_o give_v it_o such_o a_o virtue_n as_o when_o they_o drink_v of_o it_o they_o be_v seldom_o sober_a the_o like_a they_o do_v with_o the_o first_o fruit_n of_o their_o corn_n in_o harvest_n they_o have_v another_o ceremony_n on_o palmsunday_n of_o ancient_a tradition_n what_o 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good_a sport_n for_o the_o honour_n of_o the_o bishop_n pageant_n at_o the_o mosko_n the_o emperor_n himself_o and_o the_o empress_n never_o fail_v to_o be_v at_o it_o though_o it_o be_v but_o the_o same_o matter_n play_v every_o year_n without_o any_o new_a invention_n at_o all_o beside_o their_o fast_n on_o wednesday_n and_o friday_n throughout_o the_o whole_a year_n the_o one_o because_o they_o say_v christ_n be_v sell_v on_o the_o wednesday_n the_o other_o because_o he_o suffer_v on_o the_o friday_n they_o have_v four_o great_a fast_n or_o lent_n every_o year_n the_o first_o which_o they_o call_v their_o great_a lent_n be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n with_o we_o the_o second_o about_o midsummer_n the_o three_o in_o harvest_n time_n the_o four_o about_o hallontide_n which_o they_o keep_v not_o of_o policy_n but_o of_o mere_a superstition_n in_o their_o great_a lent_n for_o the_o first_o week_n they_o eat_v nothing_o but_o bread_n and_o salt_n and_o drink_v nothing_o but_o water_n 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