The principal Trade of the City is in the Jews Hands who are exempt from Tribute in consideration whereof they are to furnish the Janisaries of the City with Cloth for their Cloathing William King of Sicily Conquered this City in 1180. but afterwards the Emperor of Constantinople reduced it to his Obedience again Andronicus Palaeologus gave it to the Venetians in 1313. but two Years after the Turks drove them thence and have been Masters of it ever since The Greek Christians have 30 Churches in this City the Chiefest whereof is the Archbishop's See Dedicated to St. Demetrius This Church has three Bodies supported by very fair Pillars and was formerly honoured with the Preaching of St. Paul There are also five Convents of the Order of St. Basilicus in every one of which are about an Hundred young Women who may if they please quit the Habit and Marry The most Magnificent Turkish Mosques are those Buildings that formerly were the Churches of St. Sophia the Blessed Virgin St. Gabriel and St. Demetrius Mahomet IV. who was Dethroned in 1687. changed the Church of the Blessed Virgin into a Mosque on each side of this Building are twelve great Pillars of Jasper-stone whose Chapiters or Tops support so many Crosses which the Turks have not defaced The Jews also have 36 Synagogues in this City the most considerable of which are that of Castille of Portugal and of Italy They have also two Colleges which contain above Ten Thousand Scholars who come to study there from all parts of the Ottoman Empire Of all the stately Pieces of Architecture that were of old in this City there remains nothing very remarkable at present save only a Triumphal Arch of Brick-work supported by two Marble Pillars full of Trophies and abundance of other Figures but so much shattered and defaced by Time that it cannot well be guest what it was erected for The City is Governed by a Mousselin Justice is Administred by a Molla and a Mufti Orders all Matters relating to Religion This City stands 108 Miles S. of Sophia 300 S. E. of Belgrade and 330 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. Lat. 41 d. 37 m. II. Zuchria Zuchria or Jeniza is a small City Built by the Turks out of the Ruins of Pella formerly the Capital of Macedonia and the Birth-place of Alexander the Great upon the Bay of Salonichi between the Rivers Bevola and Castora 27 Miles S. W. of Salonichi I. Amphipolis or Emboli Amphipolis is a City of Macedonia on the Borders of Thracia with an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople The Greeks call'd it Christopoli since and its Modern Name is Emboli It is situated on the River Strymon which washes it on every side 60 Miles almost E. of Salonichi This City is very famous in the Ancient History of Greece IV. Siderocapsa Siderocapsa is a small Town only remarkable for the Gold Mines that are about it Philip the Father of Alexander the Great caused a Gold Coin to be Coin'd called Golden-Philips after that Crenidas had discovered the Gold Mines there and wrought them which Mines afforded King Philip a 1000 Talents of Gold a Year and do still yield the Grand Seignior 9 or 10000 Ducats a Month. There are no less than five or six Hundred Furnaces for the melting of Gold in the Mountains near this City CHAP. IV. Janna or Thessaly Lat. Thessalia THessaly is bounded on the East by the Archipel on the North by Macedon Bounds on the West by Epirus and on the South by Achaia This Country has had different Names derived from divers Princes who have lived therein Name and was divided into five parts viz. Thessaly Proper the Country of the Pelasgi Estiosia Magnesia and Phtiotide It s Modern Name is Janna from a Town of this Name The Air is here very good the Soil fruitful producing delicious Figs Water Melons Quality Pomegranates Oranges Lemons Citrons excellent Grapes Almonds Olives and all sorts of Corn. The Ancient Inhabitants were well-bred civil but somewhat too voluptuous Inhabitants yet they did not want Courage They were also noted for Magick and Drunkenness were the first that Minted Gold and Silver tam'd Horses and put Ships to Sea They are still Warlike and are a handsom Race of People having black Hair black Eyes and their Faces of a Beautiful Sanguine Fresh Colour and are for the most part Christians This Country is encompass'd with four great Mountains viz. Olympus Pindus Ossa and Aeta Mountains famous in the Greek and Latin Poets It had for along time its particular Kings until it was subjected to the Macedonians History and afterwards to the Romans Deucalion was one of the most Ancient and Celebrated Kings He Reigned in the same Age with Cecrops first King of Athens 349 Years before the Ruin of Troy Hellen his Son gave Name to a great part of Greece Dorus his second Son left his Name to the Dortans near Mount Parnassus Xuthus the third was Father of Achaeus Founder of the Peleponnesian Achaeans Ion his second Son was the Chief of the Inhabitants of Attica This Country is very famous for the remarkable Defeat of Pompey by Julius Caesar in the Plains of Pharsalus Sultan Amurath Conquered the greatest part of it and his Posterity still enjoys it The most remarkable Places in Thessaly are Larissa Archb. Cap. Armiro Volo Pharsalus or Farsa Archb. Scotusa Bish Voidenor Demetriada I. Larissa Larissa is the Principal City of Thessalia the Country of Achilles upon the River Peneus 25 Miles from the Bay of Salonichi to the West It is an Archbishop's See and one of the most flourishing Cities of Greece by reason the late Grand Seignior being disgusted with Constantinople almost 20 Years together kept his Court here It is pleasantly seated on a Rising Ground in the upper part whereof stands the Grand Seignior's Palace upon the North the famous Mountain of Olympus and on the South a Plain Inhabited by Christians Turks and Jews There is a handsom Stone-bridge over the River consisting of Nine Arches This City stands 90 Miles S. of Salonichi 160 N. W. of Setines or Athens and 380 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 46 d. 55 m. Lat. 39 d. 45 m. II. Armiro Armiro Lat. Eretria is a City and Sea-port mentioned by Thucydides Strabo Livy and several other Ancient Writers it lyes upon the Sinus Pelasgicus which from it now is called the Gulf of Armiro about 17 Miles from Larissa to the South Out of this Gulf the Argonauts loosed when they went to Colchis for the Golden-Fleece and in it the Navy of Xerxes was sorely shattered by a Tempest which then saved Greece In the same Bay lyes Pagase in which the Ship Argo was Built III. Volo Volo is a Fortress that gives its Name to a Gulf of Thessaly to the North of Negrepont The Ancients called this Town Pagasa and the Gulf Pagasicus Sinus or Pelasgicus Sinus and Gulf of Armiro The Fortress has a good and
1369. passing afterwards into the House of Austria by the Marriage of Mary Daughter and Heiress of Charle les hardy Duke of Burgundy to Maximilian Emperor of Germany Charles V. as we have already hinted when he took Francis I. Prisoner in the Battel of Pavia in Italy enfranchis'd it from that servitude But afterwards in King Philip II's time it was extreamly curtail'd and harrass'd which made many of the inhabitants retire into England and this did not only depopulate it but impoverish'd it considerably by carrying away a great part of its Trade The Hollanders revolting at the same time added to its Calamities by a War of 40 years continuance and the French have of late made great Devastations in it A Chronological Succession of the Earls of Flanders  Years of our Lord. Gov. 1. BAldwin I. Ironside 860 17 years 2. Baldwin II. the Bald. 878 40 years 3. Arnold I. the Great 918 45 years Baldwin III. the young   4. Arnold II. the young 963 26 years 5. Baldwin IV. 989 45 years 6. Baldwin V. of Lile 1034 33 years 7. Baldwin VI. of Mons. 1067 3 years 8. Arnold III. the Unfortunate 1070 1 year 9. Robert I. the Frieslander 1071 22 years 10. Robert II. of Jerusalem 1093 18 years 11. Baldwin VII Hapeule 1111 7 years 12. Charles the Good of Denmark 1118 9 years 13. William the Norman or the Cliton 1127 1 year 4 M. 14. Thierry of Alsatia 1128 40 years 15. Philip of Alsatia 1168 23 years 16. Baldwin VIII the Brave 1197 4 years 17. Baldwin IX Emperor of Constantinople 1195 11 years 18. Joan 1206 38 years 19. Margaret I. 1244 31 years William of Bourbon Dampiere   20. Gay Dampierre 1275 30 years 21. Robert III. of Bethune 1305 17 years Lewis   22. Lewis II. of Creci 1322 24 years 23. Lewis III. Malatin 1346 38 years 24. Margaret II. 1384 20 years Philip of France   25. John the Undaunted or Sans Peur 1404 15 years 26. Philip the Good 1419 48 years 27. Charles le Hardi 1467 10 years 28. Mary of Burgundy 1477 5 years Maximilian Emperor   29. Philip of Austria 1482 24 years 30. Charles V. Emperor 1505 49 years 31. Philip II. King of Spain 1555 43 years 32. Elizabeth-Clara-Eugenia 1598 38 years 33. Philip IV. King of Spain 1636 29 years 34. Charles II. King of Spain 1665  The Chief Rivers Rivers are 1. Scheld which here washes Tournay Oudenard Ghent and Antwerp and soon after falls into the Sea 2. Lys which here washes Armentiers and Courtray and falls into the Scheld at Ghent 3. Dender which washes Geersberg Nienove and Aelst and casts its Waters into the Scheld at Dendermond 4. Scharp which washes Doway and St. Amand and then discharges itself into the Scheld Flanders is commonly divided in three Division viz. 1. Flemish-Flanders or Flammingant where the Country Language is spoken it is extended from the North Sea to the River Lys. 2. French-Flanders or Gallican where French is most in use it lies on the South of Flammingant and on the North of Cambresis and borders the Scheld on the East and Lys on the West 3. Imperial-Flanders which lies between the Scheld and the Dender and comprehends the County of Alost and the four Offices which formerly belong'd to the Emperor Flanders is also divided into Teutonick Walloon Imperial and Dutch The first lies between the Sea and the Lys. The second between the Lys and the Scheld The third between the two others And the fourth on the North of them all But now adays it is usually divided into three parts according to its Masters viz. the Spaniards the French and the Dutch as you may see in the following Table 1. Spanish-Flanders in which the most remarkable places are Ghent Bish Cap. Bruges Bish Ostend Newport Oudenard Alost or Aelst Ninove 2. French-Flanders in which are Lille or Rissel Cap. Ypres Bish Tournay Bish Dunkirk Graveling Wynoxberg Courtray Doway Furnes Dixmude Cassel Orchies St. Amand. Armentiers 3. Dutch-Flanders in which are Sluys Sas van Ghent Ardenburg Description of the Chief Towns in Flanders Chief Towns belonging to the Spaniards I. Ghent GHent or Gaunt in Latin Gandae aut Gandavum aut Gandavium Gand. is one of the largest Cities in Europe being seven Miles in compass within the Walls They give out that it was founded by Julius Caesar in a very Commodious place for Trading viz. on the Confluent of four considerable Rivers the Scheld the Lys the Moer and the Leye which run through it and divide it into 26 Islands which are joined together with as many great Bridges and 72 little ones It is well Walled and Trenched about and the private Buildings for the most part fair and stately There are a great many Water and Wind-Mills Seven Churches and 55 Monasteries or Hospitals Several Market-places of which that of Fryday's has no equal in Europe The Castle which is the Princes Palace contains as many Rooms as there are Days in the Year there the Wooden Cradle of Charles V. is still to be seen The Cathedral is a most Magnificent Building and the Tower Bell-fort is above 400 steps high The Town-house is also worth taking notice of The Cittadel consists of four regular Bastions but it lies not so very convenient as many others in these parts This City is the seat of the Parliament or Provincial Court of Flanders yet one may appeal from it to that of Mechlin which judges without further appeal The Trade of this City consists chiefly in Cloths Stuffs and Silks of which there are so great quantity made that among the 50 Companies of Tradesmen those relating to Commodities of this Nature make one third It stands about twelve Miles from the Sea 27 miles South West of Antwerp 30 North West of Brussels 94 South of Amsterdam 154 North East of Paris and 160 East of London Long. 22 d. 58 m. Lat. 51. d. 6. m. Fifty thousand Inhabitants of this City under the Standard of Gaunt have formerly been formidable to the neighbouring States and their Princes themselves in the Reigns of Philip of Valois and Charles VI. Kings of France In 1539. they revolted from the Emperor Charles V. and would have put themselves under the protection of Francis I. King of France who not only refused their offer but gave the Emperor free passage thro' his Dominions into the Low-Countries The Emperor having reduced them to obedience put to Death 30 of the principal Burgesses and banish'd a great number took from them their Artillery Arms and Priviledges and built a Cittadel to curb them for the future This City was invested by the French King's orders the first of March 1678. On the fourth the King in Person came before it The besieged to no purpose cut their Dikes and drowned part of the Country for the King lodged his Forces and pressed so vigorously the Siege that on the 9th of the same month the Town and
Ninove or Nienove is a small inconsiderable Town in the Territory of Alost on the River Dender six miles of Alost 13 W. of Brussels and 17 S. E. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 14 m. Lat. 50. d. 56 m. Chief Towns in Flanders belonging to the French I. Lille or L'isle L'isle Lat. Insula seated on the River Deulle took its Name because in former Times it was wholly surrounded with Water and Marshes which now by the Industry of Men are drained It was Built by Baldwin IV. the Hairy Count of Flanders in 1007. And his Son Baldwin V. the Pious or of Lille who was Born here Walled it in 1066. and adorned it with a Magnificent Church and a fine Monastery It is now the Capital City of French-Flanders Lewis XIV took it from the Spaniards in 1667. and it was afterwards yielded to him by the Peace of Aix La Chapelle in 1668. since which he has Built a Cittadel to secure it flanked with Five great Bastions whose double Ditches are filled with the River Deulle All these new Fortifications enclose a Suburb which has greatly enlarged the City Neither does the Industry of the Inhabitants less contribute to its Greatness and Riches by the many Silk Manufactures made here so that it is raised to be the third City in the Low Countries next to Amsterdam and Antwerp and for the convenience of Transporting its Wares is accommodated with a Channel derived from the River Lys which runs not far from this City It stands 15 Miles W. of Tournay 36 S. of Ghent 37 S. E. of Dunkirk and 38 almost W. of Mons. Long. 22 d. 10 m. Lat. 50 d. 43 m. II. Ipres Ipres or Ypres Lat. Ipra Iprae Ipretum takes its Name from the Brook Yperle that runs through it It is supposed to have been Built by Baldwin III. Son of Count Arnulphus I. about 960. and that it was not Walled till 1288. by the Consent of Philip the Fair King of France It is now a very Rich City and has many fair Churches whereof that of St. Martin is the Cathedral The Bishoprick establish'd here by Paul IV. in 1559. is under the Archbishop of Mechlin This City is the third in Flanders and has Seven Chattelenys or Jurisdictions of which Cassel has 24 smaller Jurisdictions under it The Country about is extreamly fruitful and its Situation contributes much to its strength It is very well Built and besides the Churches it has many Sumptuous Buildings and Palaces That of the Lordship is great and stately as also the Draper's Hall The City is Famous for its Manufactures and has several Fairs whereof that in Lent is the principal This City was taken by the French 26 March 1678. and was yielded to them by the Treaty of Nimeguen It lyes 16 Miles almost N. of Lille 18 S. of Neuport 23 almost E. of Dunkirk and 35 S. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 3 m. Lat. 50 d. 57 m. III. Tournay Tournay Lat. Tornacum is upon the Scheld with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray whose first Prelate was St. Prat in 623. It is very Ancient being mentioned in Antonin's Itinerary and in the 11th Epistle of St. Jerom. The Town is very strong and defended by a Castle said to have been Built by the English The French made themselves Masters of it in 1518. but Charles V. retook it from them in 1521. Lewis XIV took it upon the Spaniards in 1667. and kept it by the Peace of Aix La Chapelle and has rendered it much stronger than it was formerly by new Fortifications The Cathedral of our Lady is very fine besides which there are Ten Parish Churches Two Abbeys and several Religious Houses for the Place is Big Rich and of good Traffick having 72 different sorts of Trades in it It is the Capital of a little Country called Tournaisis and the Seat of a Soveraign Council or High Jurisdiction since 1669. It stands 15 Miles E. of Lille 32 almost W. of Mons and 30 nigh S. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 36 m. Lat. 50 d. 43 m. IV. Dunkirk Dunkirk Gall. Dunkerque Lat. Dunquerca is a Sea-port Town Built by the Earl Baldwin III. call'd the Young It derives its Name from the Flemish Word Kerk that is Church because the Church Steeple is the first thing seen by Seamen above the Downs It was taken in 1558 by the French who claim'd it as Francis de Bourbon Earl of Vendome's Inheritance but retaken in 1583 by the Duke of Parma The French took it again in 1646. under the Conduct of the Duke of Enghien and the Spaniards retook it in 1652. It was taken afterwards by the Mareschal of Turenne in 1658. and yielded to the English of whom Lewis XIV King of France bought it in 1662. for 900000 Pounds Sterling He has Built there a strong Citadel and other Fortifications There is a new Trench cut for a Mile together through the Splinter Sands which will upon the Head of the Tide receive 130 Vessels of 70 Guns apiece and on the West side of this Harbour is rais'd a vast pil'd and plank'd Work to intercept and lodge the Sands It is well Built and populous and particularly commended for the neatness and regularity of the Streets Its Inhabitants are Famous upon the Sea and have enrich'd themselves in these Wars by Piracy Here is an English Nunnery and Franciscans have a Cloyster for Persons of both Sexes At the Mouth of the Haven stands a Wooden Fort on which are planted 100 Pieces of Cannon This Town lyes 54 Miles W. of Ghent 16 S. W. of Newport 19 almost of Calais and 24 S. W. of Ostend Long. 21 d. 30 m. Lat. 51 d. 7 m. V. Graveling Graveling or Graveline Lat. Gravelinga and Gravelina is seated near the Sea upon the Mouth of the River Aa which parts France from Flanders The Normans ruin'd it but it was afterwards repair'd by Thierry of Alsatia Count of Flanders who died there in 1168. And in the Year 1528. there was a strong Castle added to it by Charles V. so that it is now one of the most regular and strongest Places of Europe It was taken by the French in 1658. and yielded to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty As for the Town it self tho' of great importance it is neither large nor well Built and is besides but thinly Inhabited It lyes 9 Miles E. of Calais 10 almost W. of Dunkirk and 63 W. of Ghent Long. 21 d. 18 m. Lat. 51 d. 4 m. VI. Wynoxberg Berg St Winoch or Winoxberg Lat. Berga S. Winoci or Winoci Montium and Vinoberga and in Times past Groemberga and Mons Viridis has the Title of a Viscounty and Castelanship and has many Villages under its Jurisdictions It 's situated in a most fertile Country It was taken by the French in 1658. and it remained to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. They have Built there a Royal Fort. This Town stands on the River Colme 6 Miles almost S. of Dunkirk and 12 E. of Graveling
N. E. of Bruges and 14 S. W. of Middleburg Long. 22 d. 34 m. Lat. 51 d. 24 m. II. Sas-Van-Ghent Sas-Van-Ghent is a small place but so strong by reason of its situation and fortifications that it is accounted impregnable Yet the Hollanders took it in 1644. It stands 11 miles N. of Ghent Long. 23 d. Lat. 51 d. 20 m. III. Ardenburgh Ardenburgh is also a small place but very strong in Flanders subject to the Hollanders It stands 20 miles N. W. of Ghent Long. 22 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 22 m. Article II. Of the Dukedom of Brabant Lat. Brabantia THIS Dutchy is in a manner an Island encompassed with Rivers having the Meuse on the East and the Nort the Demer on the South which runs through part of this Province and the Schelde on the West with the Ocean on the side of Breda and Bergin-Op-Zoom So that it borders part of the Country of Gelderland Bounds and the Bishoprick of Liege on the East The Country of Hainault and the Country of Namur on the South Flanders and part of Zealand on the West and Holland and another part of Gelderland on the North. Its Extent Extent South and North is about 70 miles and about 60 West and East Quality The Air is generally good and wholesom the Soil is very Fertile except some of the Northern parts which are somewhat sandy and barren The Cities are very fine whereof there are 26 Walled and Strong Towns not mentioning others of less importance and about 100 Villages Villages History The Brabanders are descended from a Colony of Saxons brought from beyond the Elbe by Charlemaign and planted in this Country in 806. Divers Authors say that Anchises or Anchisices Father to Pepin of Haristol was Lord of Brabant Charlemaign and his Children were Masters of this Country until such time as Otho Son to Prince Charles of France Duke of Lower Lorraine being dead in 1004. without being Married Brabant became the Portion of Gerbege second Daughter to the same Charles of France and his first Wife Bonne of Ardenne Married to Lambert II. Earl of Monts and Louvain the Founder of the Branch of the Duke of Brabant and Lothier at first they took only the Title of Earls but 1235 Henry I. took the Title of Duke of Brabant and Lorrain Philip III. called the Good recollected the succession of the Duke of Brabant which he left to Charles the Rash his Son Father to Mary of Burgundy who carried it into the House of Austria by her Marriage to Maximilian afterwards Emperor This Country has been fruitful in illustrious Men and Learned Writers The Rivers Rivers here besides the Meuse and the Scheld are Demer Dommel Senne Aa Dyle Gias Jeckes Nephte both great and small and Mert there is also a great number of small Lakes and Ponds Brabant comprehends the Marquisate of the Holy Empire whose Capital is Antwerp the Lordship of Mechlin the Dutchy of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergues the County of Hooghstraet the state of Maestricht formerly that of Liege and 19 Baronies Louvain was in time past Capital of this Province but now Brussels Brabant is divided into four parts 1. Dutch-rBrabant in which the most remarkable Places are Boisleduc Bish Cap. Breda Bergen-Op-Zoom Grave Ravestein Helmont Eyndenhove Maestricht Lillo 2. Spanish-Brabant properly so called which comprebends Brussels Cap. Louvain Leuwe Arschot Duke Nivelle Tillemont or Tienen Judoigne Gemblour Lire Diest Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye 3. The Marquisate of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Malines which has Malines or Mechlin Arch. To keep to my General division I shall give you here the Description of the Dutch and Spanish Brabant and reserve that of the Mâ—rquisate and Lordship of Malines for the two following Articles Chiefs Towns belonging to the Hollanders in Brabant I. Boisleduc BOisleduc Bolduc or Bosleduc Lat. Boscum-Ducis Sylva-Ducis Bolducum and in Dutch Hertogenbosch the Capital of the Dutch-Brabant with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines is situated upon the River Domel which there receives the Aade and afterward the Diese and discharges it self about two Leagues from thence into the Meuse at the place where it formeth the Isle of Bommel Boisleduc is built in a plain where there was a Hunting Forrest belonging to the Dukes of Brabant But Duke Henry going to oppose the incursions which those of Guelder-land made into his Country caused this Wood to be cut down in 1172. where the Foundations of this City were laid which Duke Jeffery finished in 1184. Pope Paul IV. erected it into a Bishoprick in 1559. and Francis Sonnius was its first Prelate The Bishops now are but Titular and make their residence at Goldorp since Boisleduc is fallen into the hands of the Hollanders This City is naturally strong as well by its situation as by its fortifications It is environ'd with Rivers and Meadows covered with Water so that the Avenues to the Town are upon artificial Causeys made turning and winding and commanded by one or other of the six Forts built at some distance without the Town Its Ditches are filled with the Waters of the said Rivers which enter into the City by divers Channels very commodious to the Inhabitants They are almost all Soldiers tho' they do not neglect Trade which occasioneth this saying That the Inhabitants of Boisleduc are Warlike Merchants The City is large fair well built and very populous The Cathedral Church of St. John is one of the most sumptuous of the Netherlands with a very fine Clock The Market-place is environed with fine Buildings where 10 of the greatest Streets do end The Hollanders became at last Masters of it in 1629. by the Valour and Conduct of Frederick Henry Prince of Orange This City stands 43 miles N. E. of Antwesp and 50 almost S. of Amsterdam Long. 24 d. 30 m. Lat. 51 d. 42 m. II. Breda Breda is seated on the River Mereck with the Title of Barony which comprehends now about Seventeen Villages but it had more formerly and Berg-Op-Zoom did then depend upon it Breda had anciently particular Lords of its own and was sometimes in Possession of the Dukes of Brabant but John III. Duke of Brabant sold it again in 1350. to John Polon Lord of Lieck who left an only Daughter Johanna Married in 1404. to Engelbert of Nassau Henry of Nassau begun the Castle of Breda where the Tomb of Renatus of Nassau is to be seen in the Collegiate Church of St. Peter founded about 1303. This City suffered very much during the War between the States and the Spaniards The Prince of Parma took it from the Vnited Provinces July 18. 1581. Maurice of Nassau became Master of it against in 1590. by a Boat loaden with Turf under which he hid 60 Souldiers who rendered themselves Masters of the Castle and he afterwards took the City by Capitulation They tell a very remarkable thing of one of these Soldiers that was hidden under the Turf viz.
to be brought to Bed that their Children may enjoy their Priviledges In the compass of the Province lyes but one City City or Walled Town and Nine Villages Villages The chief Rivers are Rivers 1. The Dele which runs through the middle and washes Mechlin and then into Brabant and falls into the Scheld 2. Senne which here falls into the Dele Malines Malines or Mechlin Lat. Mechlinia and by those of the Country Mackelen or Meckelen upon the Dele is the Capital of the Lordship of that Name It s Bigness and Magnificence cause it to be called Malines the Beautiful as Antwerp the Rich Brussels the Noble Louvain the Wise Ghent the Great and Bruges the Ancient The situation is very pleasant and because of the Tide the Trade is very good There is an Archbishoprick's See founded by Paul IV. in 1559. with the Title of Primate of the Low-Countries Cardinal Granville was the first Archbishop The Cathedral Church is Consecrated to St. Rombaut Malines is the place of the great Royal Council instituted by Charles Duke of Burgundy in 1473. There is also the Parliament of the Knights of the Fleece and the Prince's Arsenal Speaking of this Arsenal I cannot but mention that the Thunder having set on Fire several Barrels of Powder in 1546. it broke out with such fury that it overturned a Tower and above 300 Houses dryed up the Ditch about the Town and caused extraordinary Damage In the Suburb is St. Alexis's Nunnery where there are 15 or 1600 Nuns who are allowed to walk abroad to pay and receive Visits and to Marry when they please The Lordship of Malines had its own Lords until 1336. that it became a free Town After that time it belonged to the House of Burgundy till it entred into that of Austria in 1477. Its Inhabitants are free from all Taxes for the good Service perform'd to Charles the Bold Earl of Flanders at the Siege of Nuis upon the Rhine Here have been Two Provincial Councils the first in 1570. and the second in 1607. The chief Trade of this place consists in Tanning making of Linnen Cloth Point and Lace which bear the Name of the City and casting great Artillery and Guns It stands 11 Miles N. W. of Louvain 13 almost N. of Brussels 14 S. E. of Antwerp and 30 E. of Ghent Long. 23 p. 44 m. Lat. 51 d. 6 m. Article V. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland belonging to the Spaniards THat part of Gelderland which is Subject to the Spaniards Bounds has on the East and North Cleves in Germany on the West Brabant and on the South Juliers in Germany Extent It s extent is about 36 Miles North and South and about 28 East and West The Soil is fertile and yields all sorts of Grains abounding moreover with rich Pasture-grounds Quality which fatten great Droves of Cattel which are sent from many far Places The chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs through the midst of this part washing Ruremonde and Venlo and so passes on dividing Brabant from the rest of Guelderland 2. Niers which washes Gelders and runs into Cleves The Chief Towns are Gelders Cap. Venlo Ruremond Bish I. Gelders The City of Guelders Lat. Gueldria which they of the Country call Gelre is seated on a Marshy Ground upon the little River of Niers which environs it instead of a Moat The Castle is extreamly strong and said to be impregnable by reason of its situation In 1627. the Spaniards laboured to have brought the Rhine to the City of Guelders and into the Meuse on purpose to have cut off the Commerce between Germany and Holland but fail'd in their Enterprize It stands 26 Miles nigh S. E. of Nimeguen the Chief of the Province and 11 Miles almost N. of Venlo Long. 25 d. 37 m. Lat. 51 d. 31 m. II. Venlo Venlo is a very strong Town on the River Meuse by the Borders of Juliers It is a Hance-Town but Subject to the Spaniards and stands 11 Miles S. W. of Gelders and 11 N. of Ruremond Long. 25 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 27 m. III. Ruremond Ruremond Lat. Ruremonde is the second City of Gelderland with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Malines on the River Meuse at the Mouth of the Roer or Rura from which it takes its Name It s Collegiate Church was Erected in 1559. into a Cathedral by Pope Paul IV. William Lindall was the first Prelate of it The City is large fair and rich having many stately Monasteries in it whereof that of the Carthusians is the most considerable It stands 11 Miles S. of Venlo and 21 S. of Gelders Long. 25 d. 22 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article VI. Of the Dukedom of Limburg Limburgensis Ducatus LImburg has the Dutchy of Juliers to the East and North Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege to the West and part of Luxemburg to the South It s Extent South and North is about 35 Miles and West and East about 26. Extent It had heretofore Dukes of its own History but upon the Death of Walraine III. whom others call Henry in 1285. Adolph sold it to John Duke of Brabant who pretended a Right to it as descended from Margaret Daughter of Henry Duke of Limburg Married in 1172. to Godfrey Duke of Brabant In 1293. Rainold I. Duke of Guelderland laid claim to it in the Kight of Ermengarde his Wife Daughter of Herman late Duke of Limburg but he losing the Battel of Woring near Collen June 5. 1298. and being taken Prisoner was forced to resign his Right to John Duke of Brabant to regain his Liberty and from that time the Dukes of Brabant have enjoyed it It has excellent Mines of Iron and one of Copper Quality The Earth is very fruitful in Wheat Fruits and Fewel but above all in Grass and Water The Famous Spaw-Waters are not above Three Leagues S. W. from Limburg The Chief Rivers here are Rivers 1. The Meuse which runs but thorough a little part of this Country 2. Geul which washes Valkenburg and falls into the Meuse 3. Weser which watereth Limburg and runs into Liege 4. Bervine which washes Dalem and falls into the Meuse This Province hath but Five Walled Towns and about 120 Villages The Towns are Limburg Cap. to the Spaniards Dalem to the Hollanders Valkenburg to the Hollanders Rolduck to the Hollanders Remborg to the Hollanders I. Limburg Limburg Lat. Limburgum is pleasantly seated upon a steep Rock which overlooks all the Country round about at the bottom thereof runs the River Weser almost round it among several shady Woods It is but a small City for it chiefly consists of one broad short Street neither is it considerable for its beauty the Buildings for the most part being of Wood. But it is of no small consideration for its strength for it is encompassed with a strong Wall and a Trench and the access to it which is on the North side is extreamly
foot whereof is watered by the River Chier It stands 32 Miles almost W. of Luxemburg VII Stenay Stenay Lat. Stenaeum or Stenacum is a strong City upon the Meuse on the Borders of Champagne and Lorrain The French took it in 1654. and annexed it to the Dukedom of Bar in Lorrain It stands Eight Miles W. of Montmedy VIII Damvilliers Damvilliers is a strong little Town in the Dukedom of Luxemburg but annexed to the Dukedom of Lorrain It was taken by the French in 1659 given them since by the Treaty of the Pyrenees and dismantled by the same in 1673. It stands 31 Miles W. of Thionville IX Maisiers Maisiers is a little Town on the Moselle about 25 Miles S. of Luxemburg X. Durbuy Durbuy is another small Town with the Title of a County on the River Ourt nigh the Bishoprick of Liege subject to the French ever since 1681. It stands 20 Miles almost S. of Liege and 26 almost E. of Namur and Dinant XI Bastoigne Bastoigne or Bastonach Lat. Bactonia and Bactonacum near the Forest of Ardenne is so well Built and of so great Trading that the People of the Country call it Paris in Ardenne It stands 25 Miles N. W. of Luxemburg XII Vianden Vianden is a considerable Town with the Title of a County on the little River Vra and about 21 Miles N. of Luxemburg XIII Arlon Arlon Lat. Arlunum is a strong little Town on the Borders of Lorrain dignified with the Title of a Marquisate in 1103. and seated upon a Hill where the Ancient Inhabitants were wont to adore the Moon about 14 Miles W. of Luxemburg Article X. Of the County of Hainault Lat. Hannonia THIS Province is bounded on the North with Brabant and Flanders Bounds on the West with the Scheld which parts it from Artois and part of the French Flanders on the South with Cambresis Chumpagne and Picardy and on the East with part of Brabant and the County of Namur Extent It s Extent North and South is about 60 Miles and about 70 West and East It bears the Title of Earldom Name anciently called Saltus Carbonarius from the abundance of Char-coal made in the Woods and Forests of it and now Hainault from the River Haine that runs through it The Air is here temperate and the Soil very fruitful Quality the Country being well watered by Rivers Lakes c. which do much enrich it so that the Country abounds in most places with fresh Meadows and sweet Pastures good Fruit and profitable Trees but especially with great plenty of Corn. There are also Lead and Iron Mines and Quarries of excellent Marble The Principal Rivers here are Rivers 1. Sambre which here washes Landrecy Armiers Maubeuge and runs into Namur 2. Scheld which washes Bouchain and Valenciennes and runs into Flanders 3. Haine which washes Binch and Mons and falls into the Scheld near Conde 4. Dender which here washes Leuse Aeth and Lessines and runs into Flanders This Province is said to contain 24 Walled Towns Towns c. and 950 Villages among which there are reckoned One Principality 10 Counties 12 Peerages 22 Baronies 26 Abbies with One Earl-Marshal a Seneschal a Great Huntsman a Chamberlain and divers other Officers whose Places are Hereditary Rainier I. Sirnamed Long-neck is accounted the first Earl of Hainault History he had 21 Successors to Charles V. King of Spain and Emperor of Germany in the Possession of whose Successors to the Crown of Spain Hainault continued till the French got the greatest part of it by force of Arms. The most Remarkable Places in Hainault are To the French Mons. Cap. Binch Conde Valenciennes Bouchain Soignes Roccles Quesnoy Bavay Maubeuge Beaumont Landrecy Avesnes Chimay Marienburg Philippeville To the Spaniards Lessines Aeth Enghien Halle Braine-le-Comte Fountain or l'Evesque Places of Hainault Subject to the French I. Mons. MONS named Berghen by the Natives Lat. Montes or Montes Hannoniae is situated on a Hill near the River Trulle It is large and well fortified with good Bulwarks and three Ditches with Sluces that may drown all the Country round about except the Eastern side where the Ground is somewhat higher and where they have raised good Bastions This Town has fine Buildings and an old Castle and is famous for its Trade good Workmen and the Abbey of Canonesses of St. Waltrude They are Virgins of Quality who are present at the Morning Service in Canonical Habit but wear Secular Cloaths the rest of the day and are permitted to Marry The Ancient Earls of Hainault took the Title of Earls of Mons. This Town is in the Possession of the French who carried it after a vigorous Siege and Gallant Defence of the Town in 1691. It stands 27 Miles S. W. of Brussels 37 W. of Namur 39 S. of Ghent and 48 almost E. of Arras Long. 23 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. II. Binch Binch or Bins Lat. Binchium is situated upon a Branch of the River Haine within 10 Miles E. of Mons. It is an ancient and pleasant City in a fertile Country abounding in all manner of Game and the Air is very good for which reason Mary Queen of Hungary Sister to the Emperor Charles V. Built in it a very fine House which the French ruined in 1554. after the taking of Marienburg and Dinant It has been sincere-built and called Marimont The French are Master of it since 1668. it being yielded unto them by the second Article of the Peace of Aix la Chapelle since which they have repaired it and added some Fortifications to it III. Conde Conde Lat. Condatum or Condate is situated on the Banks of the Scheld with the Title of Principality The French took it in 1676. and rendred it a very Important Place It has given its Name to many of the Royal House of Bourbon since Francis of Bourbon Count of Vendome Married Mary of Luxemburg Eldest Daughter and Chief Heiress of Peter of Luxemburg second of the Name Count of St. Paul Conversion Soissons Viscount of Meaux Lord of Enghien Conde c. This Town stands 13 Miles W. of Mons. IV. Valenciennes Valenciennes Lat. Valentianae or Valentincanae is a very ancient pleasant and strong Town upon the Scheld It 's thought our Ladies Church there was Built by King Pepin There are several other considerable Churches and Colleges a fine Town-house The Inhabitants are noted for Commerce and Riches This Place was Besieg'd in 1656. by the Mareschals of Turenne and La Ferte Senneterre but Don John of Austria back'd by the Valour of the Prince of Conde raised the Siege and took Mureschal La Ferte Prisoner Lewis XIV having laid Siege to it in 1677. carried it by Assault by the favour of one of the Gates which was half open and to save it from Plunder forc'd the Inhabitants to be at the Charge of Building a Cittadel It stands 17 Miles almost W. of Mons 41 S. W. of Brussels and 43 S. of Ghent
had a good Cittadel but William Duke of Cleves and Juliers was obliged to demolish it by one of the Articles of the Treaty made with the Emperor Charles V. It belongs now by Right to the Duke of Newbourg but the Hollanders are in Possession of it THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT III. The Duke of Savoy's Dominions THE Territories by Right belonging to the Duke of Savoy Bounds are bounded on the East chiefly by the Dukedom of Milan on the South by the Sea and part of the Commonwealth of Genoa on the West by Provence Dauphine and Bresse in France and on the North by the Lake of Geneva and Switzerland It is a very irregular oblong Figure being in length from Geneva in the North parts of Savoy to the most South Eastern parts of Montferrat about 190 Miles Extent and in breadth from the most Western parts of the County of Nice to the most Eastern parts of Montferrat about 120 Miles The Principal Rivers Rivers in these parts are 1. Po called Eridanus by the Poets which here washes Salusses Carignan Turin Verua and Casal and so goes into Milan 2. Tanare which here washes Ceve Quieras Alba and Asti and runs into the Po in Milan 3. Doere or Doria which washes Aoust and Ivrea and falls into the Po a little above Verua 4. Iser which washes Moustiers runs by Montmelian and goes into France Here are two Lakes Lakes besides that of Geneva viz. 1. That of Bourget and 2. That of Anneci Here are also the Alps and the Appennine the most famous Mountains Mountains in Europe This Country towards the North is generally barren Quality because of the Mountains but towards the South it is exceeding fruitful in all things necessary as Corn Wine Oyl Fruits Venison Cattel Cheese Chesnuts Hemp Flax Minerals and several Quarries of Marble Here is considerable Trading Trade in many good Commodities as Paper Fustians Raw-silks Hides Cloaths Linnen Thread Iron-work Fir-Trees for Masts of Ships c. yet Money is pretty scarce in most Places The ordinary Revenue Revenue of the Duke is said to amount to 1800000 Crowns yearly yet upon extraordinary Occasions he can raise much larger Sums Strength The number of Souldiers which he may conveniently raise is reckoned about 30000. The Religion Religion generally allowed of here is the Roman Catholick yet the Protestants called Vaudois have the free exercise of their Belief in some Valleys of Piedmont The Language Languge here spoken is most commonly the French or at least a Dialect of it the Italian is also very much used In this Country are two Archbishopricks Archbishopricks viz. Turin and Moustiers and thirteen Bishopricks Bishopricks viz. Fossano Ivrea Mondovi and Salusses under Turin Anneci Aoust and Maurienne under Moustiers Acqui Alba Asti Casal and Vercelli under the Archbishop of Milan and Nice under that of Ambrun in France Division The Duke of Savoy's Dominions are commonly divided into four parts viz. 1. Dukedom of Savoy Chambery 2. Principality of Piedmont Turin 3. County of Nice Nice 4. Dukedom of Montferrat Casal Of these the French have Nice part of Montferrat and the greatest part of Savoy the Duke of Mantua has about half of Montferrat the Prince of Massarano has a little part of Piedmont the Prince of Spigno a little of Montferrat so that the Duke of Savoy has but the greatest part of Piedmont and about one half of Montferrat CHAP. I. Savoy Lat. Sabaudia SAvoy Lat. Sabaudia or Sapaudia is one of the finest Sovereign Dutchies in Europe Bounds It Borders the Lake of Geneva Swisserland and the County of Burgundy on the North the Province of Dauphine in France on the West part of Dauphine and of Piedmont on the South and Piedmont and Vallais on the East It s Extent Extent from the South-East to the North-West is about 110 Miles and from the East to the West about 80. The Air is here Cold because of the Mountains always covered with Snow Quality and the Country generally barren however the Valleys yield Corn and Wine the Mountains good Pastures and all manner of Game and the Lakes and Rivers store of good Fish there are also a great many Walnuts and Chesnut-Trees and Forests of other Trees The principal Rivers Rivers here are the Isere Arche and Arve and the Lakes Lakes are two viz. that of Bourget and that of Anneci The Savoyards are generally good-natured laborious and hardy Manners but the Wit of the generality is none of the quickest The Religion publickly allowed is the Roman Catholick This Province was of old possessed by the Alltrobroges Centrones Brannovices History Antuates or Nantuates Latobrigi and Sabaudi It was part of Gallia Narbonensis and of Celtica or Lugdunensis and obeyed to the Romans Upon the declining of the Roman Empire under Honorius Savoy was left as a prey to several Barbarous Nations since that it made part of the Kingdom of Burgundy from whence it came under the Dominion of the Princes that at present are possest of it who derive their Pedigree from one Bertoldus or Beroldus who in the Beginning of the XIth Century was the Rise of this Family The Learned are very much at difference about the Birth of this Prince and his Extraction some derive it from Ancharius Marquiss of Yvree others from Hugo King of Italy and Duke of Provence others say that he was Nephew of Hugo Capet King of France and others make him a Descendant of the Counts of Macon Above fourscore Historians of several Nations follow Guichenon who derives his Genealogy from Wittekindus the Great Duke of Saxony and Angria Father of Witibert Duke of Angria who had two Sons Bruno and Walpert this last was Duke of Angria and Count of Ringelbert and left Immed Duke of Engern who by Huine Countess of Chiren had Hugo Marquiss of Italy who was Father of this Beroldus Earl of Savoy and Maurienne and had for his Successor Hambert Sirnamed White-hands But some French Authors of late viz. Chorier and Du Bouchet have endeavoured to make out that there was never any such Man as Beroldus of Saxony and have found or rather fancied that this Humbert was Grandchild of the Emperor Lewis the Son of Boson the Son of Benvil Count of Ardenna descended from Pharamond or as others will have it from Charlemaign Beroldus and some of his Successors were but Counts of Savoy and Maurienne several Territories were afterwards added to their Dominions And the Emperor Sigismund dignified them with the Title of Dukes in 1417. They now call themselves Dukes of Savoy Chablais Aost and the Canton of Geneva Princes of Piedmont Marquisses of Salusses Counts of Geneve Romont Nice Aste and Tende Barons of Fauligni Lords of Verceilles Marquisses of Italy Kings of Cyprus since Lewis of Savoy who Married Charlotte Daughter to John King of Cyprus and Vicars of the Empire since Thomas the First
Chambery 120 N. W. of Turin 120 S. W. of Basil 210 S. E. of Paris and 450 N. W. of Rome Long. 25 d. 38 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. II. Annecy Annecy Lat. Annecium is a pretty large Town at the foot of the Mountains of Saymenoz and upon a Lake of the same name The Lake is unfathomably deep four Leagues long and half a League broad and gives rise to the River Tioud which Waters Annecy by divers Channels This Town is the Residence of the titular Bishop of Geneve since 1535. has several Churches and Monasteries and the Houses are built upon Arches so that People may walk in its Streets by any Weather This City stands 22 miles S. of Geneva and 26 N. of Chambery Long. 25 d. 32 m. Lat. 45 d. 37 m. CHAP. II. Piedmont Lat. Pedemontium THE Principality of Piedmont lies betwixt the Milanese and Montferrat to the East Bounds the Republick of Genoa and the County of Nice to the South Extent Savoy and Dauphine to the West and Velais to the North. It is in length about 114. Miles and in breadth 80. This Country was formerly comprehended in Gallia Sub-alpina History and afterwards in Lombardy The Taurins Salassians Segusians Libicians and several other people did heretofore inhabit it But yet it is not well agreed upon how it came to be the possession of the Duke of Savoy The Duke's Eldest Sons bear the Title of Princes of Piedmont It is very considerable for its fertility good Air and the Wealth of the Inhabitants it abounds with Corn Wine Fruits Venison Cattel Hemp Minerals It contains besides Baronies and Lordships 15 Marquisates 52 Earldoms and 160 Walled Towns or Castles This Province may be divided into ten parts viz. 1. The Dukedom of Aost Aost Bish 2. The Principality of Masserene Masseran 3. The Seignory of Verceils Verceils Bish 4. The Marquisate of Ivrea Ivrea Bish 5. The County of Asti Asti Bish 6. Proper Piedmont Turin Archb. Cap. 7. The Marquisate of Susa Suza 8. The Marquisate of Salusses Salusses Bish 9. The Valleys of the Vaudois 10. French Piedmont Pignerol Article I. The Dukedom of Aoste Lat. Ducatus Augustanus THIS Dutchy lies at the foot of the Alps betwixt Valais on the North The Valleys of Sesia and Lordship of Verceil to the East Canavese and Piedmont proper to the South And the County of Tarentaise to the West It is the Country of the ancient Salassi comprehending six large Valleys besides that from whence it is named which the River Doere divides in the middle It is thought that this Dukedom was annexed to Savoy by the Marriage of Count Odon Son to Humbert I. with Adelais of Susa Widow of Hermannus Duke of Suabia in 1030. The remarkable Places here are Aoste Bish Cap. La Sale Morges Issogne Villeneuve St. Martin Chatillon I. Aoste Aoste Lat. Augusta Salassorum or Augusta Praetoria is so called in Latin either as being built by Augustus or else as being a Roman Colony It is a Bishop's see under the Archbishop of Tarentaise and has a Triumphal Arch raised by Augustus remaining almost entire besides a Colossus and several other Monuments of Roman Grandeur This City is 50 Miles E. of Turin and was the Birth-place of the famous Saint Anselm Archbishop of Canterbury Article II. The Principality of Masseran THIS is a small Territory within the Lordship of Verceils the only place of Note here is Massesaw subject to its own Prince who is of the House of Ferrari and is Protected by the Pope The Town stands upon a Hill 18 N. E. of Ivrea 22 N. W. of Verceils and 37 almost N. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 48 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. Article III. The Lordship of Verceils THIS Lordship lies between Montferrat Ivree and Milanese and is exceeding fertile and well-peopled The places of Note here Verceils Beile Sautia c. I. Verceil Verceil Lat. Vercellae is situate upon the River Sesse with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It has a good Castle a Cittadel and several Fortifications fine Churches and a famous Hospital This City flourished under the Romans but has had several Masters since their time for it has been a Common-Wealth afterwards under the Dukes of Milan and since under those of Savoy The Spaniards took it from the latter in 1638. but it was restored again by the Peace of the Pyrenees It stands 12 Miles N. of Casal 40 almost N. E. of Turin and as many West of Milan Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 50 m. II. Beile Beile is a small Town in the Seigniory of Verceil and the head of a Territory belonging to the Duke of Savoy It stands on a Hill 8 Miles W. of Masseran and 32 N. of Turin Long. 27 d. 43 m. Lat. 45 d. 3 m. Article IV. Marquisate of Ivrea THIS Marquisate lies between the Lordship of Verceil to East The Dukedom of Aost to the North the Marquisate of Suse to the West and part of Montferrat to the South The only place of Note here is Ivrea Bish Cap. Ivrea Lat. Eporedia is upon the River Doriabalta with a Bishop See under the Archbishop of Turin and a Marquisate belonging to the Duke of Savoy This City according to the Opinion of some Authors was Built two Years before the Birth of our Saviour in the Country of the Ancient Salassi and gave its Name to this Marquisate which formerly was so famous under Berengarius who contended for the Empire with the French descended from the Kings of Arles Anscharius was Marquiss of Ivrea which came under the Dominion of the Duke of Savoy in 870. This City is of great importance to the Duke of Savoy having a good Castle and other Fortifications It has been an Imperial City but the Emperor Frederick II. and William Count of Holland gave it to Thomus II. in 1242. And in 1344. John Marquiss of Montferrat yielded to Amadaeus VI. the Right he had to it It stands 22 Miles N. of Turin 29 E. of Susa and 32 W. of Verceil Long. 27d 33 m. Lat. 44 d. 55 m. The Canavese Between the City of Ivree and the River Po is the Country called Canavese which was heretofore part of Montferrat but now belongs to Piedmont since it was left to the Duke of Savoy by the Treaty of Querasque in 1631. There are no considerable Places in it Article V. The County of Asti THis County is incircled in Montferrat and has but Two Remarkable Places viz. Asti and Verua I. Asti Asti or Ast Lat. Asta is an Episcopal See under the Archbishop of Milan This City is seated on the River Tanare large and well fortified with a strong new Castle and Cittadel The County formerly depended upon the State of Milan but in 1531. Charles V. gave it to Charles III. Duke of Savoy It stands 16 Miles S. W. of Casal and 26 E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 2 m. Lat. 44 d. 28 m. II. Verua Verua lyes upon an Eminence and
is very well fortified The Spaniards laid Siege to it but to little purpose in 1625. It stands upon the Frontiers of Montferrat and the Banks of the Po 16 Miles N. E. of Turin Article VI. Proper Piedmont Piedmont properly so called lyes between the Montferrat on the East the Republick of Genoa on the South the Marquisate of Salusses on the West and the Marquisate of Suse and part of Montferrat to the North. The Principal Towns and Cities here are Turin Archb. Cap. Mondovis Bish Ceve Marq. Fossano Bish Rivoli Carignan Princip Vigon Savillano Coni Quieras Quiers Moncalier Orbassan I. Turin Turin Lat. Taurinum or Augusta Taurinorum is seated in a vast Plain having the River Po on the right and the Doire on the left It is the Residence of the Dukes of Savoy who have spared nothing to render it one of the pleasantest and strongest Towns of Italy It is adorned with a Senate a Chamber of Accounts an Archbishops See and an University There is the Old and New City with good Bastions Walls and Out-works The Duke's Palace is very Ancient and Magnificent especially the Gallery which is finely Embellish'd with a great number of Paintings Statues Arms Manuscripts and other Rarities There is also to be seen the Genealogies of the Dukes of Savoy the Coelestial Signs very well represented and 30000 Volumes in the Library There are also several other Beautiful Palaces in the Town with a great number of Noble-Men that form the Duke's Court which is one of the most Polisht of Europe The Streets are fine the Houses well Built the Churches very Magnificent The Cathedral is that of St. John which boasts of having many Relicks especially our Saviour's Winding-sheet There is a strong Cittadel flank'd with Five good Bastions and Built by the pattern of that of Antwerp Turin stands 20 Miles nigh E. of Pignerol 78 almost W. of Milan 100 almost E. of Grenoble and 120 S. E. of Geneva Long. 27 d. 26 m. Lat. 44 d. 34 m. II. Mondovis Mondovis Mondovi or Mondevi Lat. Mons Vici or Mons Regalis is seated at the foot of Mount Apennin two Leagues from the River Tanare with a Bishoprick under the Archbishoprick of Turin It is large and the best Inhabited of all Piedmont after Turin There is an University and a Cittadel Built in 1573. by Emanuel Philibert Duke of Savoy on a Hill which produces fine white Marble This City stands 27 Miles S. of Turin III. Ceve Ceva is a little Town and Castle Eight Miles S. E. of Mondovi It is the Capital of the Country of the Langhes and has the Title of a Marquisate The Country about is full of Game especially Pheasants and Partridges IV. Fossano Fossano Lat. Fossanum is seated on the River Stura with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Turin erected by Gregory XIII It stands 24 Miles S. of Turin V. Rivoli Rivoli is a small Town on the River Dora about 7 Miles W. of Turin It has a very Sumptuous Castle VI. Carignan Carignan is situated upon the Po over which it has a fine Bridge with the Title of Principality It has a strong Castle and its Soil abounds with Mulberry-Trees for the Silk-worms Thomas Francis of Savoy Fifth Son of Charles Emanuel first of that Name Duke of Savoy and Catharine Michelle of Austria bore in this Age the Title of Prince of Carignan He was great Master of France and died in 1656. In 1625. he Married Mary of Bourbon Daughter to Charles of Bourbon and begot on her Joseph Emanuel John who died in 1656. Eugen Maurice Count of Soissons Annudeus Ferdinand Charlotte Christine both dead young and Louise Christine Married to Ferdinand Maximilian Carignan was taken by the French in 1691. and retaken in the same Year by the Duke of Savoy It stands 8 Miles S. of Turin VII Vigon Vigon is a little but fortified Place by the River Chison 13 Miles S. W. of Turin VIII Savillano Savillano or Savigliano Lat. Savilianum is a great Town upon the River Magra under the Duke of Savoy between Fossano to the East and Salusses to the West six Miles from either and 22 S. of Turin It is the Head of the Territory that bears its Name and has a very pleasant and advantageous Situation between two Rivers which renders it capable of being made very strong wherefore also Philibert Emanuel Duke of Savoy thought to make it the Capital of his Dominions IX Coni. Coni Lat. Cuneum is a strong Town and Castle Situated upon a Hill at the Confluent of two little Rivers the Stura and Ges It s Situation renders it naturally strong It held out against Francis I. but in 1641. the Count De Harcourt under Lewis XIII made himself Master of it Lewis the XIVth was not so Successful in 1691. for he was forced to raise the Siege This Town stands 35 Miles S. of Turin X. Quieras Quieras is a small but strong City situate upon a Hill by the River Tanare It was there that in 1631. a Peace was made between France the Empire the Spaniards the Duke of Savoy and that of Modena This Town stands 30 Miles S. E. of Turin XI Quiers Quiers or Chieri is very strong by its Situation It was formerly a fine City and a Republick but is now Subject to the Duke of Savoy This Place is very famous for the Fustians that are made there and for the Seed its Soil furnishes the Dyers withal The Count of Harcourt won a Battel near it from the Spaniards It stands Seven Miles almost E. of Turin XII Moncalier Moncalier is a small Town upon the Po nigh Four Miles S. of Turin XIII Orbassan Orbassan is a little Village Six Miles S. W. of Turin remarkable by the Battel fought near it Octob. 4. 1693. See Pignerol Article VII The Marquisate of Susa THis Dutchy Borders the County of Morienne in Savoy to the North Piedmont proper to East and South and Mount Genevre to the West The only Place of Note here is Suse Suse Lat. Susa Capital of the Marquisate of the same Name is upon the River Doere at the foot of the Alpes Cottiae now called Mount Cenis and Mount Genevre which separate Piedmont from Dauphine Some Learned Men take this to be the place where Augustus Erected his Trophy fourteen years before the Birth of our Saviour the Inscription being still to be seen on a Triumphal Arch in this City But others place it at the foot of the Maritime Alps near to a place called Tourbie by a corruption of the word Trophie and is confirmed by a piece of Stone on which are seen part of the Letters composing these words Gentes Alpinae Devictae with the Names of some other Nations Some are of Opinion that Augustus caused the same Trophy to be Erected in two several Places and so endeavour to reconcile both these Opinions The Sepulchre of Cottus whence the Cottian Alps take their Name was to be seen in this Town The adjacent Country abounds with Wine
sorts of Nations viz. Saxons Inhabitants Bulgarians and Hungarians the first possess the Province called the Seven Towns the Bulgarians dwell on the Banks of Marise the Hungarians possess the Frontiers of Walachia and follow the Grecian Religion These are divided into Counties pay no Tribute to the Prince of Transilvania but are obliged to serve at their own Expences when he goes to War The Doctrine of Calvin and Luther were introduced here in 1561. For George Brandrata Religion Physician to John Zapol Count of Scepus and Vayvode of Transilvania made this young Prince embrace the Sentiments of Luther by means of Denis Alexis but this Man not Executing his Orders with care enough he substituted Francis David in his Place who of a Lutheran made the Prince a Calvinist and at last taught him the Doctrine of Arius Stephen Bathori Prince of Transilvania in 1571. afterwards chosen King of Poland endeavoured to re-establish Popery and to that end gave the Government of this Principality to his Brother Christopher Bathori who cast David into Prison where he died Mad. He founded a College of Jesuits at Colaswar but dying in 1583. his Son Sigismund who succeeded him to comply with the Transilvanians was forced to dismiss the Jesuits but recalled them two years after This Principality is now incorporated with the Kingdom of Hungary Government under the protection of the Emperor for Michael Abafti the 23d Prince from John Huniades who succeeded John Kemani in 1661. by a solemn Act given at Hermanstadt May 9. 1688. with the full consent of the States of Transilvania made an entire submission of this Country to the Emperor and the King of Hungary to last for ever and accordingly he received Imperial Garrisons into all the principal places The said Prince dying in 1690. the States in a general Assembly resolved to adhere to the Interests of the Emperor against all the Pretences of Count Teckely or the Ottoman Port according to the Tenour of the said Treaty The most considerable Places in the Principality of Transilvania are Hermanstadt Bish Cap. Alba Julia or Weissemburg Bish Brassow or Cronstadt Coloswar or Clausenburg Segeswar Agnetlin Altenberg Bestercze Newmark I. Hermanstadt Hermanstadt Lat. Cibinum or Hermanopolis called by the Inhabitants Zeben the Capital of Transilvania and Residence of the Prince is a large populous strong and well built City It has no Bishop at present but is reckoned a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishop of Colocza in Hungary The Inhabitants of this City are Saxons and five Jurisdictions depend upon it The Prince of this Country having formerly put himself under the Protection of the Grand Signior the late Duke of Lorrain prevail'd with the Prince Abafti to put himself under the Protection of the Emperor and to receive a Garrison of 3000 Germans in 1687. This City stands in a Plain on the River Cibin 160 Miles N. E. of Belgrade and 235 almost E. of Buda Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. II. Weissemburg Weissemburg Lat. Alba Julia which the Hungarians call Giula Fejerwar is situate upon the River Marise which the Inhabitants call Marons and the Germans Merisch with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocka The ancient Kings and Princes of this Country made their ordinary residence in this City which has been much greater than now it is as may be seen by its rare Roman Medals Coins and Inscriptions evident signs of Antiquity and Grandeur It stands 34 Miles W. of Hermanstadt 68 N. E. of Temeswar 90 E. of Waradin and 196 E. of Buda Long. 45 d. Lat. 46 d. 46 m. III. Cronstadt or Brassaw Brassaw or Cronstadt Lat. Patrovissa is a strong City and a Bishop's See situated near the Frontiers of Moldavia and the Carpathian Mountains Some take it for the Praetoria Augusta of Ptolomy and others call it Corona and Stephanopolis and pretend that it is one of the Seven Cities Built or Repaired by the Saxons It stands 65 Miles almost N. E. of Hermanstadt Long. 47 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 5 m. IV. Clausemburg Clausemburg called Coloswar by those of the Country and Claudiopolis in Latin is a great and populous City with the Title of a Bishoprick and an old Cittadel situated upon the little Brook Samos at the foot of the Mountains towards the Frontiers of Hungary 34 Miles N. W. of Weissemburg and 64 of Hermanstadt Long. 44 d. 25 m. Lat. 47 d. 11 m. The States of Transilvania are kept in it V. Segeswar Segeswar called Schezberg by the Germans Lat. Segethusa is seated on the River Cochel at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains subject to the Prince of Transilvania under the Emperor It stands 40 Miles N. of Hermanstadt VI. Agnetlin or Agnabat Agnetlin or Agnabat is one of the Chief Towns in Transilvania tho' of no strength it is seated on the River Harbach 25 Miles almost N. of Hermanstadt subject to the Prince of Transilvania and protected by the Emperor VII Altemberg Altemberg is a small City seated upon a Hill Built out of the Ruins of Zalnatra 20 Miles S. W. of Weissemburg or Alba Julia and 42 S. of Clausenburg VIII Bestercze or Besteriza Bestercza or Besteriza Lat. Bistricia is a small but very neat City which stands in a very large Plain upon a River of its own Name 80 Miles N. W. of Hermanstadt IX Newmark Newmark Lat. Nova Marchia called Waverhely by the Hungarians is seated on the River Merish at the foot of the Carpathian Mountains 36 Miles N. E. of Clausenburg The States of Transilvania usually meet here Article III. Podolia Bounds POdolia is a great Province of Poland in Lithuania between Moldavia to the S. Black Russia to the W. Volhinia to the N. and the Tartars of Oczakow to the E. This Province is very fertile but has been often wasted by the Inroads of the Tartars and Cossacks and is now the Theatre of the War between the Poles and the Turks It 's usually divided into the Higher Podolia that lyes to the West wherein are the Cities of Kaminieck and Bar and into the Lower which lyes to the East and has in it the City of Bracklaw I. Kaminieck Bish Cap. Kaminieck or Caminieck Lat. Camenecia Clepidava or Camienicum is a very strong Town and the Capital of Podolia The Poles call it Kaminieck Podeleki It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Lemberg and stands upon a Mountain by the River Smortzyck which a little lower falls into the Niester The Turks very often attempted this Place without success but it having suffered much by Fire in 1669. and being thereupon Besieged by them in 1672. it was taken the Poles being then Engaged in a Civil War amongst themselves and the Town in an ill condition of Defence The Cossacks under Motula blocked it up in April 1687. and the Polish Army designed to Attack it in September following but upon the approach of the Ottoman Forces they were both of them forced to retire The Polish
spacious Port and was defended with good Towers after the Ancient way of Fortification It was here the Turks kept the Magazines which they gathered in the Neighbouring fruitful Provinces General Morosini resolv'd in 1683. to pass to Volo to possess himself of the Provisions the Turks had laid up there he Battered the Place and then Mounted the Assault The Bassa that Commanded in the Place retired to a Corner of the Town that was pretty well retrenched but at last quitted that Post and Surrendred to the Venetian General He found above Four Millions of Pounds weight of Bisket with other Provisions and 27 Pieces of Cannon which when he had Shipped he set Fire to the Magazines Houses and Mosques and before he parted beat down all the Walls to the Ground II. Pharsalus Pharsalus or Pharsalia is very famous in the Roman History for the Battel won by Julius Caesar against Pompey the Great in the Neighbouring Plains It has since been called Farsa being a Bishop's See under Larissa and afterwards an Archbishoprick under the Patriarch of Constantinople V. Scotusa Scotusa is a small City with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Larissa from which it stands about 18 Miles to the West VI. Voidenor Voidenor is another small Town seated upon the River Atrax 54 Miles W. of Larissa VII Demetriada Demetriada is a very Ancient tho' inconsiderable City upon the Gulf of Armiro or of Volo CHAP. V. Achaia or Livadia A Chaia formerly called Hellas and Graecia now Livadia Name Bounds and Rumelia is bounded on the North by Thessaly on the East by the Aegean Sea on the South by the Gulf of Engia the Isthmus of Corinth and the Gulf of Lepanto and on the West by the Jonian Sea and part of Epirus It had formerly Seven Provinces viz. Aetolia Baeotia Attica Locris Doris Phocis and Megaris Pliny says That the Wine of this Country made Women Miscarry History and Pausanias says That such as washed in one of its Rivers Slemnos forgot their Amours The Apostle St. Andrew is thought by many to have suffered in this Country Parnassus and Helicon two Mountains so famous among the Poets Mountains are in this Country Achaia is sometimes taken for a small part of the Peloponnesus or Morea now called Romania Alta. and Ducatus Clarentiae and sometimes for the whole Peleponnesus The Principal Places in Achaia or Livadia are Setines or Athens Archb. Cap. Stives or Thebes Archb. Aulis Marathon Livadia Megara Delphos Lepanto Archb. The Dardanells of Lepanto I. Setines or Athens Setines anciently called Athens was one of the most famous and flourishing Cities in the World the Capital of Attica formerly a Kingdom and the chief seat of Learning and Valour taking its rise An. Mun. 2496. and continuing 487 years under 17 Kings the first whereof was Cecrops and the last Codrus Son of Melanthus After that they were govern'd by 10 Archontes or Rulers during life than by Archontes for 10 years and at last by annual Praetors Draco first gave 'em Laws which were too severe then Solon instituted Milder introducing Democratical Government 594 years before our Saviour Athens sustained many great Wars against the Persians Lacedaemonians Thebans Rhodians and Macedonians It suffered much under Alexander the Great and after his Death yet more under Antipater Craterus and Cassander Demetrius made it free again but being refus'd shelter there after his defeat in Phrygia he invested and made himself Master of the Town after a years Siege Sometime after it shook off the Macedonian yoke and put it self under the Protection of Rome until Ariston making himself Tyrant thereof irritated the Romans who took and plunder'd it under Sylla 87 years before Christ After this Pompey the Great permitted it the use of its Laws for which kindness it declared for him against Caesar who after the Battel of Pharsale when he had power to punish his Enemies said Truly the Athenians deserve to be chastis'd yet in consideration of the merit of the Dead I pardon the Living All was Magnificent in Athens and worth the admiration of Posterity The Areopage the Lycaeum the Academy Portique Temple and other fine Buildings are well described in the Works of ancient Authors St. Paul Preached here and several Persons of Note embraced Christianism as Dionysius the Areopagite and a Noble Lady called Damaris After that the Church of Athens became very considerable for in the II. Century a great number of the Athenians suffered Martyrdom animated by the Example of their Bishop Publius This happen'd in 123. under Adrian who came to Athens in 126. This City was afterwards erected into an Archbishoprick It is defended by a Cittadel called Acropolis inaccessible on every side save the West seated in the Middle between two Hills the one call'd Musaeum within Cannon Shot the other Anchesmus which has no place to Mount Great Guns on being Spired like a Sugar-Loaf and having no more compass on the top save that in which St. George's Chappel is built the place where formerly the Statue of Jupiter was Worshiped The City is North of the Cittadel and so covered by it that it can hardly be seen on that side next the Sea well situated and wealthy tho' in a hot Climate which is tempered by the North Winds The Inhabitants are about 10000 Greeks and Turks the latter have four Mosques in the City and one in the Castle The Citizens are reckoned Treacherous and Cunning whence comes the Proverb From a Jew of Salonica a Greek of Athens and a Turk of Negropont Good Lord Deliver us They speak Greek and Turkish promiscuously and differ only in Habit which the Greeks wear closer on their Bodies Their Women seldom stir abroad when they do they cover their Heads with a Veil of Calico and throw over 'em a large Crimson Velvet or Violet colour'd Mantle with their Silver Clasps The Maids never go abroad till their Wedding-Day being courted by Proxies Upon their Nuptials they wear a large Crown of Filigram and Pearls and are led from Church to the Bridegrooms House with Hautboys Drums and other Musical Instruments playing before them The Archbishoprick of Athens is not worth above 4000 Crowns a year wherefore most of the Jesuits are retired to Negropont But the Consuls of France and England keep each of 'em a Chappel here The Soil about this City is fruitful in Wine and Olives especially those called Colymbades reserved for the Grand Signior's own eating being large and well-tasted The Castle stands on the North on a descent from the City in which is a magnificent large white Marble Temple supported with beautiful Pillars of black Marble and Porphyry On the Frontispiece are the Figures of Horse-men as big as the life prepared for Combat Round about it are to be seen the noble Atchievements of the ancient Greeks in Basso Relievo every Figure almost two Foot and a half high Close by this Temple is a beautiful White Marble Palace much decay'd At the Foot
in allusion to those of the Hellespont Their Figure is square environed with strong Walls mounted with good Cannon even with the Water All the Commodities that go out of the Gulph of Lepanto pay here a Toll which comes to about 3 per Cent. The Famous Sea-Fight of Lepanto in 1571. It was near the Gulph of Lepanto that a famous Sea-Fight was fought against the Turks Octob. 2. 1571. in which they lost above 30000 Men being the most bloody defeat they ever met with since the first establishment of their Empire Besides the slaughter the Christians took 5000 Prisoners amongst whom were the two Sons of Haly General of the Turkish Fleet. They took also 130 Galleys stranded burnt or sunk 90. and redeemed near 20000 Christian-Slaves Neither was the Booty less considerable for their Fleet pillaged all the Isles thereabouts and took many Merchant-Men This Battel was fought in the same Gulph were Augustus defeated Marck-Anthony and it is hard to say which of both was the most Glorious Victory The Christians lost 8000 Men the most considerable whereof was Barbarigo Commander of the left Wing The Christian Commander in chief in this Signal Combat was Don-John of Austria natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain CHAP. VI. Morea MOrea is a Peninsule in vulgar English a Demi-Island bounded Bounds on the North by the Isthmus or neck of land of Corinth that joins it to Achaia and by the Gulph of Lepanto and on the other sides by the Mediterranean Sea called Mare d' Jonia on the West Mare de Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Mare Egeo on the East It lies betwixt the 34 d. 40 m. and the 37 d. 30 m. of Northern Latitude Situation and betwixt the 44 d. 50 m. and the 48 d. 30 m. of Longitude being in length about 170 Miles from Castel-Tornese Tornese to the Cape of Schili about 160 in breadth from Corinth to Cape Matapan and in circumference about 550. This Country has had several Names Name it was anciently called first Argo or Argos from one of its Principal Cities afterwards Aegialeia from Aegialus a King of the Sicyonians afterwards Apia from Apis third King of Argos Then Peloponnesus from Pelops Son of Tantalus King of the Phrygians and at last Morea Authors differ much about the derivation of this name some think that it's shape like a Mulberry-Trees Leaf Lat. Morus and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made the last Emperours of Constantinople call it Morea Others derive it from the Word Romea which by a transposition of Letters was changed into that of Morea It being certain that as long as Constantinople was subject to the Roman Emperors that City was called New Rome and those of that Country Romeans as much to say Romans Doglioni is of another opinion and thinks the Moors gave their name to this Peninsula when they made Incursions into it There is no Country in Europe that can be parallell'd to this Peninsula Quality It s Air is clear wholesome and temperate It Soil Fertile and abounding with Corn Wine Olives and all manner of Fruits the most exquisite in the World and its Mountains full of Game and Medicinal Plants The Inhabitants Inhabitants are accounted Witty and Couragious There are in this Peninsula several famous Mountains Mountains viz. Foloe now Dimizana Cyllene Liceus Parthenius Meralus Sepia Cronia now Grevenos Mintia or Mente now Olonos Neris Nonacris Taigetus now Orta Of all these Mountains Cyllene is accounted the highest and Taigetus the most considerable as being full of Deer Bears Wild-Boars c. All these Mountains have been celebrated by the ancient Greek and Latin Poets The Principal Rivers Rivers in this beautiful Country are 1. The River Carbon formerly called Orsea Alpheus or Alpehius and Strimphalus or Nyctymus Fluvius so much famed for its Virtue of taking away the spots and blemishes of the Skin which besides 140 Torrents or Brooks receives the Rivers Celadon Erimanthus and Amarinthe The Poets feigned that it ran under the Sea into Sicily to be joined with the Waters of the Spring Arethusa because it goes often under the Ground and comes out always with more strength 2. Vasili Potamos formerly Eurotas Iris Hemerus and Marthaton which rises at the same place where the River Carbon has its Source and washing Misitra discharges it self in the Gulf of Colchine 3. Planizza formerly Inachus Haliaemon and Cravamor 4. Spirnazza formerly Stomius Pomylus and Panysus discharges it self into the Gulf of Coron near Calamata There are also the Rivers Linceus Astoria or Stella and Erasin which run with rapidity all along the Mount Stymphalus As also the Styx that flows at the foot of Mount Nonacris and which the Poets have feign'd to be a River of Hell because its Water tho' clear and agreeable to the sight is most fatal to those that drink it Peloponnesus after several Revolutions fell into the Hands of Emanuel a Greek Emperor about 1150. who at his Death having divided his Empire among his Seven Sons was thereby the Cause of its Ruin These Princes were called Despotes that is Lords or Governours they depended upon the Emperor both as to their Government and Election otherwise they were absolute and their Dignity almost Hereditary for it seldom hapned that the Emperor chused any Successor to the late Despote but his Son Brother or near Relation Constantine sirnamed Dragares Brother of Theodorus II. was Despote when Amurat made an Irruption into Morea The Greek Emperor stopt his fury by the Promise of a yearly Tribute Some time after Constantine being Crowned Emperor at Constantinople divided Morea between his two Brothers Demetrius and Thomas The Turks under Mahomet II. under the pretence of assisting Demetrius against Thomas took occasion of their Divisions to Invade their Estates and the Places the Venetians possessed in Morea which they accomplished without much Resistance after the Death of General Bertoldo d'Este whom the Republick had sent with a good Army to oppose them Since that the Turks kept here a Governour with the Title of Sangiac or Morabegi that is Lord of Morea under the Beglerbey of Greece This Sangiac made his ordinary Residence at Modon Morea is now under the Venetians since 1687. General Morosini having Reconquered the best Places in it viz. Patras Lepanto Castel-Tornese Corinth Misitra Napoli di Romania c. as you shall see in the particular Articles of each of those Towns he caused all the Churches that were Mosques before to be reconsecrated so that many Greek Families have left Achaia to settle in Morea and more than 12000 Inhabitants have resorted thither This Peninsule has at different times been variously divided Division In Pausanias's time it had but three Regions viz. 1. That of the Arcadians 2. That of the Achaians and 3. Lastly That of the Dorians After this Ptolomy and others divided it into Eight Parts viz. 1. Achaia Proper 2. Arcadia 3. Argia
Candia anciently called Crete is an Island and Kingdom situated at the entry of the Archipelago Situation stretching from East to West one side towards Asia and the other towards Africa Extent It 's greatest length is from Cape Salomon to Cape Cornico The Country is good and fertile Quality and has divers small Rivers Rivers and Mountains Mountains Inhabitanta whereof Mount Ida different from Mount-Ida in Phrygia now called Psiloriti is the highest from the top of which both Seas may be seen It 's assured that towards the Sources of the Brook called Lene which is to the North of Mount-Ida there is a Grotto wrought into a Rock which is said to be the Labyrinth of Minos made according to Dedalus's Directions Its Inhabitants of this Island were the first that made themselves powerful at Sea by Navigation and on Land by the use of Arrows The sides their Experience at Sea they taught the way of taming and managing Horses they first of all invented Musick and were also the first that recorded their Laws Yet they have always had the Repute of being Vicious Lyars and Pyrates This Island was very famous for the Labyrinth of Minos History Invented by Dedalus and for the Ship called the Bull wherein Europa was carried away for the Amours of Pasiphae and by the Birth of Jupiter to whom this Island was Consecrated The Ancients reckoned above 100 Towns in it and called it Hecatompolis The Lacedemonians took Candia in Darius's Name in the 422 Year of Rome but L. Celius Metellus Consul of Rome made himself Master of it in 686 of Rom. Afterwards this Island was Subject to the Emperors of Rome and those of Constantinople until 823. that it was taken by the Saracens who Built the Town of Candia that gave its Name to the Island Nicephorus Phocas retook it in 962. Boniface Marquiss of Montferrat was Master of it and after Constantinople was taken by the French and Venetians he sold it to the latter in 1204. The Venetians fortified this Island in some places to curb the Inhabitants which were very subject to Rebel for in 1364. they had a mind to bring in the Genoeses but they were diverted by the wise Politicks of the Republick The Turks under pretence of Besieging Maltha in 1645. to be Revenged for the great Prize that the Knights under the Command of Bois-Baudran had taken in 1644. with a Sultan and an Ottoman Prince fell into Candia where they continued the War until 1669. They made themselves Masters of Canea in 1645. and then laid Siege to the Town of Candia which notwithstanding the endeavours of the French to rescue it from the Hands of the Infidels after a desperate War of 24 Years was forced to yield to the Turks but made honourable Conditions After the taking of this Important Place the Turks made themselves Masters of the greatest part of the Island which they have kept ever since The Chief Fortresses which were left to the Venetians by their last Treaty with the Port are Grabusa the Suda and Spina Longa. As for their Religion Religion the Venetians are Roman Catholicks but the other Inhabitants of the Island are of the Greek Church This Island is now divided into Four Territories Division which bear the Names of so many Principal Towns which are 1. Candia Archb. Cap. 2. Canea Bish 3. Rettimo Bish 4. Sittia On the Northern Shore I. Candia Candia is situated in the most Northern part and about the middle of the Island to which it gives its Name over-against the Isle of Standia with the Seat of an Archbishop who had Nine Suffragants It is both by Art and Nature one of the strongest Places in Europe Long. 50 d. 25 m. Lat. 34 d. 55 m. The Turks laid Siege to it in 1645. after the Battel of Carvaca but were forced to raise it after they had lost the best of their Army but left it Block'd up very close until 1667. and then they renewed the Siege again in the Month of May and took it by Composition in 1669. It is generally thought that the Turks lost 5 or 600000 Men at that Siege which exposed their Government to Rebellions often begun at Constantinople In 1692. the Venetians endeavoured to regain Candia but were forced to abandon the Enterprize with considerable loss II. Canea Canea was formerly called the Mother of Towns by the Grecians It is a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Candia and was taken by the Turks in 1645. III. Rettimo Rettimo is another small City and Bishoprick subject to the Turks IV. Sittia Sittia is another City Capital of a Territory of the same Name in the Northern Shore of the Island Article III. Islands in the Mare Egeo or Archipelago THere are in this Sea a great many Islands of which there are but three worth taking notice of viz. Egena Culuri and Negropont I. Egena Egena lyes about 15 Italian Miles from the Sea-coast of Athens 10 of Culuri and 12 of Morea It is called Egina by Strabo Aenone by Baudrand Myrmidonia by Brietius and Engi by the Mariners It is 30 Miles in Compass but has no Harbour for Ships Partridges multiply here to that degree that the Inhabitants are used to search their Nests and destroy their Eggs in the Spring to prevent the prejudice so great a quantity of Fowl might cause to their Seeds There are here two fine Monuments of Antiquity the first is a Temple of Venus towards the North of the Island the second is another Temple Dedicated to Jupiter by Aeacus first King of this Island The Town which bears the Name of the Island was formerly dignify'd with the Title of a Bishoprick Suffragan of the Archbishop of Athens and famous for the Birth of Paul of Medicis but it is now reduced to a Miserable Borough joined to the Fortress which is only remarkable for the Advantages of its situation upon a high craggy Rock which over-looks several Islands of the Archipelago This Island was formerly subject to the Venetians but since the time that Frederick Barberossa took it from them it was become a Receptacle of Banditto's and Pyrates In 1674. Morosini forced them to Surrender at Discretion and having pillag'd and demolished the Town he caused 300 Greeks and 40 Turks to be Chain'd in order to Row upon the Gallies of the Republick of Venice II. Culuri This Island was called by the Ancients Salamis and is known to the Mariners under the Name of Santa Bursia and under that of Cychria Scyrar and Pityussa to Baudrand It has a Village which bears its Name seated on the most Southern part of this Island with about 200 Houses in it and an Harbour which according to Mr. Spon's Travels is one of the largest in the World being Seven Miles long and Two broad This Island lyes about 10 Italian Miles from Egena 2 from Attica and is about 35 in Compass It has about a Thousand Inhabitants and
Riches that the King of Spain's Revenues from thence when he had all was greater than any Prince in Christendom the King of France excepted but at present the charge of keeping is much greater than the Revenues The strength Strength of these parts is very great but it s best and strongest places are in the possession of the French and for a long time the Spaniards have not been able to keep those they have still without the help either of the English Dutch or Brandenburghers The Traffick Traffick in Flanders has been always very great but now nothing so much as formerly by reason of the prodigious increase of the Vnited Provinces in these late years It chiefly consists of several sorts of Manufactures as rich Tapestries fine Camlets Serges coloured Says Mock Velvets great quantities of fine Linnen Damasks Cambricks Taffaties Points Laces and striped Stuffs for Beds which are transported into many Countries all sorts of Ribbons Bastard Sattins and many other things of this Nature made at the Cities of Mons Ghent Brussels Ypres Lille Bruges Mechlin Valenciennes c. The Inhabitants Inhabitants of these Provinces consist of Flemmings Walloons Spaniards with some intermixture of French Dutch and English especially at present The Religion Religion among them is various according to their several Nations In those places which are in the Possession of the Spaniards and French that of the Roman Church is only publickly allowed and the Protestants tolerated out of Policy by the Spaniards only On the contrary in those places that belong to the Hollanders the Protestant is only publickly exercis'd and the Popish suffered in private The Archbishopricks and Bishopricks are all Roman Catholick The Languages Language most generally used in these Parts are the Walloon and Flemmish The Walloon is a corrupt French spoken in Artois Hainault Namur Luxemburg French-Flanders part of Brabant and the Bishoprick of Liege The Flemmish or Low-Dutch is a Dialect of the German spoken in the Marquisate Mechlin part of Brabant Flanders and part of the Bishoprick of Liege The Spanish is also much in use among the King of Spain's Subjects and the French among the better sort The German has been lately introduced there by the Duke of Bavaria Governour of the Spanish Netherlands The Principal Rivers Rivers in these Parts are the Maes or Meuse and the Scheld or Escaut 1. The Maes Lat. Mosa has its source in France near Mount de Vauge in the Bishoprick of Langres in Champagne passes through Charlemont Bouvines Dinant Namur where it receives the River Sambre Liege Maestricht Venlo Grave and Dort and falls into the Wahal a branch of the Rhine near Hervoerden where it takes the name of Merwe and having form'd an Island called Ysselmonde near Dordrecht runs into the Ocean 2. The Scheld has its source in Picardy a Province of France and having wash'd the Towns of Cambray Valenciennes Tournay Ghent and Antwerp and embraced the Island of Zealand it falls into the Ocean big with the Waters of the Rivers Lys Lieve Dendre and Rupel In these Provinces are two Archbishopricks Archbishopricks 2. viz. Cambray and Mechlin and eleven Bishopricks Bishopricks 11. viz. Antwerp Boisleduc Bruges Ghent Ruremond and Ypres under Mechlin Namur Arras St. Omers and Tourney under Cambray and Leige under Cologne in Germany Here are also 155 Cities or Walled Towns Towns 155. besides those in Cambray and part of Gelderland Chief City and 6867 Villages Villages 6867. besides the Castles Forts and Noble Mens Houses which are almost innumerable The Chief City of the whole is Antwerp but Brussel is now adays the most remarkable being the seat of the Spanish Governour The Chief City of the French is Mons of the Hollanders Boisledue or Maestricht and of the Bishop of Liege Liege The Government Government of this Country belongs by right to the Spaniards but at present they have only the Marquisate Mechlin Spanish about 3 quarters of Brabant nigh half of Limburg and Flanders a quarter of Hainault with some of Gelderland The French have Artois Cambray Luxemburg Namur three quarters of Hainault French nigh half of Flanders and a quarter of the Bishoprick of Liege The Hollanders have above half of Limburg Dutch above a quarter of Brabant a sixth part of Flanders and a small part of the Bishoprick of Liege The Bishop of Liege has above half of that Province Flanders comprehending the Cambresis the Country of Liege Division and part of Gelderland is divided into twelve parts viz. 1. The County of Flanders Ghent Bish 2. The Dukedom of Brabant Brussel Capital 3. The Marquisat of the Holy Empire Antwerp Bish 4. The Lordship of Mechlin Mechlin Archbp. 5. Part of the Dukedom of Gelderland Gelders 6. The Dukedom of Limburg Limburg 7. The Country of Liege Liege Bish 8. The County of Namur Namur Bish 9. The Dukedom of Luxemburg Luxemburg 10. The County of Hainault Mons 11. The Cambresis Cambray Archbp. 12. The County of Artois Arras Bish Article I. Of the County of Flanders properly so called Comitatus Flandriae FLanders is the first County of the Low Countries and the most considerable and noble in all Christendom some derive its Name Name from Flandrina Wife to Lideric II. Prince of Buc and great Forester of Flanders who governed it under Charlemaigne and Lewis the Debonair Others fetch it from Flambert Nephew to Clodion King of France who having married Blesinda Daughter to Golâ—uerus King of the Ruthinians drove the Romans out of the Belgick Gaul This Province borders on the North the Ocean and the Mouth of the Scheld Bounds called the Hont that divides it from Zealand On the West the Ocean and part of Artois On the South Artois and Hainault And on the East part of Hainault and Brabant It is extended South and North about 66 miles Extent and near as much West and East It is a very fine and rich Country Quality most plentiful in Corn and Pastures it has Fish in abundance affords Kine and Warlike Horses There are in it 28 or 30 Walled Towns Towns and some others of no small consideration 1154 Villages Villages 48 Abbeys Abbeys and a great number of Priories Priories Colledges Colledges and Monasteries Monasterys It is in most places so populous that the Spaniards who followed Phillip II. in Flanders were used to say that the whole was but one City It has five Viscounties viz. Ghent Viscounts Ypres Furnes Wynoxberg and Haerlbeck 3. Principalities Principalities viz. Steenhuyse Gavre and Epinoy Ports 4. Famous Sea-ports viz. Dunkirk Newport Ostend and Sluys And 31 Chattelenies or Castelanships This Province was heretofore governed by Earls which did Homage to the King of France History as did also Philip Duke of Burgundy after that Flanders was fallen to him by marrying Margaret Daughter of Lewis Malatin Earl of Flanders in
That not being able to abstain from Coughing he desired one of his Companions to kill him for fear his Cough should discover the Enterprize Ever since this surprize it is the Custom here to search all laden Boats by stabbing them with a Spit The Hollanders kept Breda until 1625. That the Marquess of Spinola General of the Troops of Spain besieged it Aug. 27. 1625. and took it the 5th of June 1625. This Loss afflicted the Hollanders extreamly but they retook it in 1637. and have kept it ever since Breda is of a Triangular Figure at each Angle there is a Gate Built with Brick and the Curtins are flanked with Thirteen Bastions besides several Cavaleers all mounted with Cannon Breda however is not very well Built yet there is a pretty fair Street in it the Town-house and some other Places indifferent It is in a Marshy Ground and often overflown Its Fields are plentiful in Pastures watered by the Rivers of Aade and Mereck which being joined enter into the City and form divers Channels The Palace of the Castle was lately imbellish'd and the Fortifications repaired and new ones made by the Prince of Orange now King William III. of Great Brittain to whom the City and Barony belongs so that now it is a large Regular City and is both by Nature and Art thought impregnable Besides the Ramparts which are all supported by very strong Brick Arches and raised above the Houses of the Place there are a great many Outworks surrounded with double broad Ditches full of Water Breda is 27 Miles N. E. of Antwerp 20 W. of Boisleduc and 52 S. of Amsterdam Long. 23 d. 57 m. Lat. 51 d. 38 m. III. Bergen-Op-Zoom Bergen-Op-Zoom that is Mountain upon the Zoom Lat. Bergae ad Zomam Berga or Mons supra Zomam and Berci Zoma with the Title of Marquisate is a small but strong Town partly situated upon the River Zoom and partly upon a little Mountain The Church of St. Gertruda was Converted there into a Collegial Church about 1442. Bergen-Op-Zoom has had particular Lords ever since 1212. The Emperor Charles V. being at Tournay in 1528. or according to others in 1533. erected it into a Marquisate since that time the Hollanders got it after the Death of the Marquiss De Bergues whom the Dutchess of Parma had sent into Spain where he was Arrested and Died 1567. They have Fortified this Place well and regularly with a Channel that goes to the Sea defended by divers Forts The Buildings of the Town are fair and handsom and its three Market-places large and capacious Amongst the Edifices the Church of St. Lambert and the Marquesses Palace deserve Observation The Commandant of Requesens was defeated in 1574. near this City which the Prince of Parma Besieged in vain An. 1588. and Marquess Spinola in 1622. It stands 18 Miles N. of Antwerp and 18 W. of Breda Long. 23 d. 32 m. Lat. 51 d. 32 m. IV. Grave Grave Lat. Gravia is a strong Town and of great Importance seated upon the left side of the Meuse whose Waters fill the large Moats which Environ Seven large Bulwarks with their Half-Moons John III. Duke of Brabant in 1323. gave it to Otho Prince of Cuick and Heverle who restored it in 1328. Afterwards it was the occasion of great Wars between the Dukes of Brabant and Holland who both pretended a Right to it It is the Capital City of the Country of Cuickland remarkable for its Fertility and has been a long time in the Hands of the Hollanders Only about the Year 1672. the Torrent of French Victory swept it away into the Power of Lewis XIV But in the Year 1677. Monsieur Chamilli Governour for the King of France surrender'd it to the Prince of Orange now our King after it had been for some time Besieged by Mr. Rabenhauft It lyes in a Marshy Ground 18 Miles almost W. of Boisleduc 72 N. E. of Brussels and 8 S. W. of Nimeguen Long. 24 d. 56 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m. V. Ravestein Ravestein stands upon the Meuse a little below Grave The Dukes of Cleve have been Lords of Ravestein where they had a good Cittadel but William Duke of Cleve and Juliers was obliged to demolish it by one of the Articles made with the Emperor Charles V. The Duke of Newburg is Sovereign of Ravestein but the Hollanders are in Possession of it It stands 10 Miles almost W. of Nimeguen Long. 24 d. 53 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m. VI. Helmont Helmont is a little Town and Castle on the River Aade and the Capital of Kemperland It lies 18 Miles S. of Grave and 60 N. E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. 42 m. Lat. 51 d. 32 m. VII Eyndenhove Eyndenhove or Eyndoven is a fine little Town in the Territory of Kemperland subject to the Hollanders ever since 1629. It stands on the River Dommel 10 Miles W. of Helmont Long. 24 d. 38 m. Lat. 51 d. 30 m. VIII Maestricht Maestricht Lat. Obtricum Trajectum ad Mosam or Trajectum Superius to distinguish it from Vtrecht called Trajectum ad Rhenum or Trajectum Inferius It stands upon the Western Bank of the Meuse which has here a Beautiful Stone Bridge over it consisting of Nine Arches from whence the Town hath its Name signifying the passage over the Maes On the Eastern Bank lyes the Wick which is a Suburb to the City The Bishops of Liege and the Dukes of Brabant heretofore divided the Jurisdiction of this City betwixt them but it was in the hands of the latter and with that Dutchy passed to the House of Austria who enjoyed it till 1632. when it was taken by the Hollanders who kept it by the Treaty of Munster The French took it after a sharp Siege in 1673. The Hollanders endeavoured the Reduction of it in 1676. but without success they recovered it by the Eighth Article of the Treaty of Nimeguen in 1678. The Private Houses here are generally covered with a black Slate or Ardoise otherwise not very Beautiful The Town-house is a very fair structure seated in one of the Piazza's Built of white Stone and very well Painted in the inside In another Piazza is a Fountain a row of Trees and a great Church This Town is very strong tho' its Wall be old the Out-works being very considerable Towards the S. E. lyes a Hill which arises gently and overlooks the Town under this Hill is one of the Noblest Quarries of Stone in the World To secure the Town from the disadvantage it might receive from this Hill there was formerly a Fort Built upon it but it has been long since slighted and they have cut an Horn-work within Musket-shot of it and the Bastion answering to it is made very high to cover the Town On the other side of the River stands Wick very well Fortified also and rather stronger than Maestricht into which they may retire if the Town should be taken by Storm All about the Wick the Country is flat there are here many Inhabitants about
French had perpetually the Disadvantage till at last having gained a Pass into his Majesties Camp they over-powered him by their Numbers and some of our Horse not acting their part the King perceiving things in disorder did Valiantly attempt to renew the Battel and seeing that it could not be perform'd commanded a Retreat which was obeyed in very good Order but the Body being in a Confusion sustained a considerable Loss especially at passing the River Geete His Majesty continued so long in the Field that he had much ado to repass that River but accomplisht it at length having behaved himself during the whole Action with admirable Courage and Conduct and Expos'd himself to a Thousand Dangers yet by a particular Providence he came off without any other hurt than a small Contusion on the side by a Musket Bullet and having a piece of his Scarf shot away The Elector of Bavaria perform'd also Wonders during the Fight But the Gallantry of most of the English and Scotch is scarce to be parallel'd The Loss of the French was computed to 18000 Men and that of the Confederates about 7000. The Chief of those who fell on our side was Count Solms Lieutenant-General and his Grace the Duke of Ormond was Wounded and Taken with many other Officers of Note but since redeem'd VIII Gemblours Gemblours Lat. Gemblacum is upon the River Orne with the fine Abbey of St. Benedict whose Abbot is Spiritual and Temporal Lord of the Town It is Famous for a Fight in 1578. and stands by the Borders of Namur 19 Miles S. of Namur and 20 S. E. of Brussels Long. 24 d. Lat. 50 d. 37 m. IX Lire Lire or Lier Lat. Lira is in the District of Antwerp between that City and Mechlin seated upon the River Nethe which falls Two Miles farther into the Ruypel It is naturally strong by its Situation and made much more so by Art and besides a very fine and pleasant Town Famous for its Manufactures and its Fairs for Cattel It stands Seven Miles N. of Mechlin 10 S. E. of Antwerp and 20 N. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 50 m. Lat. 51 d. 9 m. X. Diest Diest is a little Town upon the River Demer with the Title of Barony and the Head of a Territory Subject to our King as Prince of Orange It is considerable for its divers Manufactures of Woollen and Linnen Cloth and for its Two Collegiate Churches It stands 14 Miles almost E. of Louvain Long. 24 d. 24 m. Lat. 51 d. 3 m. There are some other small inconsiderable Towns in the Spanish Brabant such as Vilvoerde Herentals Hannuye c. Article III. Of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire THE Marquisate of the Holy Empire is a very small Province Bounds not being above Seven Miles W. and E. and Four S. and N. yet it is accounted one of the Four Quarters or Tetrarchies of Brabant bounded on the West by Flanders from which it is separated by the River Scheld and on all other sides by Brabant The Chief Rivers Rivers there are the Scheld which washes Antwerp and the Schynt which also runs by Antwerp and there falls into the Scheld This Marquisate belong'd formerly to the Emperor but now to the King of Spain The Chief and only Place of Note in the Province is Antwerp Antwerp Antwerp Lat. Antuerpia or Andoverpum and Antwerpen by the Natives is the Capital of the Marquisate of the Holy Empire with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Malines The derivation some give of its Name is Fabulous This City was formerly one of the Richest and most Beautiful of the whole World seated in a spacious Plain upon the Right side of the Scheld where the River divides the Dutchy of Brabant from the County of Flanders It was enlarged by John I. John III. and Charles V. It contains 212 Streets and 22 publick Piazza's The Houses are all neat and fashionable and many of them Magnificent In a word all the Structures both Sacred and Prophane admirable Our Lady's Church the Cathedral is a piece of of incomparable Workmanship it 's above 500 Foot long 240 broad and 340 high contains 66 Chappels embellish'd with Marble Pillars all different in shape and adorned with curious Pictures as well as the Body of the Church The Tower is one of the highest and fairest of Europe Built of white Stone where are 33 large Bells The Three Chief Doors are cas'd with Marble and gilt with Gold This fine Church was almost burnt to the Ground in the Year 1533. and after that pillag'd during the Civil Wars for Religion It was erected into a Cathedral by Paul IV. in the Year 1559. There are Four other Parish Churches viz. St. George St. James St. Andrew and St. Malburge besides 25 Colleges Nunneries and Religious Houses amongst which the Jesuits-Church is very Magnificent it 's paved with Marble on the two lower sides one above another which are supported by 56 Marble Columns The Four Roofs are hung with 38 large Pictures of Rubens in Gold Frames and the Wall pierced with 40 cross Windows lin'd with Marble The chief Altar is all of Marble Jasper Porphyre and Gold The Jesuits Treasure is valued Two Millions The Town-house consists of Four Apartments and the Easterlings House the Exchange and the Galleries that surround it deserve to be seen The Cittadel one of the strongest and most regular is of a Pentagon Figure It encloses two little Hills that give a Prospect all over the Countrey This Cittadel was built in 1567. by the Duke of Alva The City lyes 18 Leagues from the Sea between Malines Louvain Brussels and Bruges The Harbour is very lovely and most convenient there being no less than Eight Channels for Ships to come up by to the City in the chiefest of which 100 may ride together There are 74 Bridges upon these Canals all which Conveniences brought a great Trade to the Town but the Neighbourhood of Amsterdam has deprived it of the greatest part This City suffered much in the Revolt of the Low Countries from the Spaniards who plundered it Three days together burnt above 600 Houses and Kill'd and Drowned 10000 of the Inhabitants The Confederates repair'd it but it was after that retaken by the Prince of Parma after a Years Siege memorable for the many Machines and Devices us'd in it Antwerp stands 24 Miles N. of Brussels Long. 23 d. 36 m. Lat. 51 d. 16 m. Article IV. Of the Lordship of Malines MAlines or Mechlin is another very small Province Bounds bounded on every side with Brabant and is nigh the middle of it and not far off the Borders of Flanders It s extent is about Eight Miles West and East Extent and Five South and North. It is a distinct Province from the rest and the Residence of the Parliament or great Council for these Countries but has not those Priviledges that Brabant has And for that reason most Women here when they are ready to Lie-In go into Brabant
Long. 22 d. 44 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. V. Bouchain Bouchain Lat. Bochonium and Buccinium is situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is a small Town but well Fortified and has a very good Castle It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which in Times past belong'd immediately to the Eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault it belongs to the French ever since 1676. and stands 10 Miles S. W. of Valenciennes and 28 W. of Mons. VI. Soignes Soignes is a small inconsiderable Town on the River Senne Eight Miles N. E. of Mons. VII Roccles Roccles is also a small open Town Eight Miles almost N. E. of Mons. VIII Quesnoy Quesnoy is a small Town but pretty considerable for its strength Subject to the French since 1654. It stands Seven Miles S. E. of Valenciennes and 18 S. W. of Mons. IX Bavay Bavay is a little Town about Six Miles S. W. of Mons. X. Maubeuge Maubeuge is a strong rich little Town on the River Sambre 10 Miles S. of Mons. XI Beaumont Beaumont is a little Town Nine Miles E. of Maubeuge and 15 S. E. of Mons Subject to the French and demolish'd by them in 1691. XII Landrecy Landrecy Lat. Landrecium seated on the Fountain of the River Sambre is small but strongly Fortified and Famous for the Sieges it has endured The Emperor Charles V. Besieged it in 1542. for Six Months with 150000 Men and retired from it at last without success By the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. it was left to the French It stands 15 Miles S. W. of Maubeuge and 23 S. of Mons. XIII Avesnes Avesnes is a pleasant and well Fortified Town upon the River Hepre in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it was granted to the French by the Pyrenaean Treaty and stands 10 Miles S. of Maubeuge and 30 W. of Cambray XIV Chimay Chimay seated on the River la Blanche or the White is at the entrance of the Forests Six Leagues from Avesnes notwithstanding what it has suffered by the almost continual Wars it is now very well re-establish'd and has a fine Castle It stands 21 Miles S. E. of Maubeuge XV. Marienburg Marienburg stands on the River Blanche it derives its Name from Mary of Austria Queen of Hungary and Governess of the Low Countries who Built it in 1542. It s situation is so advantageous that it was look'd upon as impregnable Yet the French took it and kept it by the Pyrenaean Treaty and have since dismantled it It lyes 29 Miles S. E. of Mons. XVI Philippeville Philippeville was Built by the same Queen Mary of Hungary in 1555. and called by the Name of King Philip. Besides its Situation that is naturally strong it was excellently well fortified to oppose the French who are Masters of it now according to the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands 11 Miles W. of Charlemont 15 S. of Charleroy 20 S. W. of Namur and 24 S. E. of Mons. Places of Hainault belonging to the Spaniards I. Lessines LEssines or Lessin Lat. Lessina is a small City on the River Dender famous for the Manufactory of Linnen it stands 18 Miles N. of Mons 20 almost W. of Brussels and 22 S. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 50 m. II. Aeth At h or Aeth is not very large but Beautiful Rich and well Fortified seated upon the River Dender It was taken by the French in 1667. and confirmed to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle but restored to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands on the Borders of Flanders 14 Miles almost N. W. of Mons. III. Enghien Enghien or Anguien is a small place on the Borders of Brabant and Flanders noted for its Manufactories of all sorts of Tapestries and for being the first Barony of the Provinces which gives the Title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon It stands 16 Miles N. of Mons. Two or three Miles S. of Enghien is the Village Steenkirk by the River Senne and Famous for the Battel that was fought there betwixt the Confederates Army and the French in 1692. The loss of Men was almost equal but the French carried the Day IV. Halle Halle is a small dismantled Town on the River Sennes plundered by the French in 1691. It stands 21 Miles almost N. E. of Mons. V. Braine-le-Comte Braine-le-Comte is another small inconsiderable Town nigh the Borders of Brabant between Brussels and Mons 13 Miles off the former and 14 off the latter VI. Fontain or l'Evesque Fontain or l'Evesque is also an inconsiderable Town of Hainault on the Borders of Namur 16 Miles E. of Mons. Article XI Of Cambresis Lat. Cameracensis Ager CAmbresis is bounded on the North and East with Hainault on the West with Artois Bounds and on the South with Picardy It s Extent South-East and North-West is about 30 Miles Extent and West about 16. This Country is very fruitful in all things except Wine Quality and has a Castle called Castle Cambresis where in 1559. there was concluded a Peace between Spain and France which last gave 98 considerable Places for St. Quentin Ham and Catelet The Chief Rivers here are 1. Scheld which washes Crevecoeur and Cambray Rivers and runs into Hainault 2. Selle which washes Castle or Chateau Cambresis and runs into Hainault 3. Sambre which goes through a little part of this Country and runs into Hainault The Cities or Walled Towns are but Three in number viz. Cambray Archb. Cap. Crevecoeur Chateau Cambresis Which are all under the French I. Cambray Cambray Lat. Cameracum seated upon the Scheld is great fair well Built and one of the strongest Towns of Europe with Two Cittadels in it Some Authors write that Camber King of the Sicambrians was the Founder of it Claudion King of France Conquered it in 445. and afterwards it fell to Charles the Bald in 843. and 870. after the Death of Lothaire II. and sometimes after it became the Subject of War between the Kings of France the Emperors of Germany and the Counts of Flanders Baldwin I. Count of Flanders took it and gave it to his Son Raoul The Emperors declared it a free Town but for all that the French never quitted their Claim to it In 1542. Francis I. of France consented it should be Neuter but the Emperor Charles V. took it the Year after and kept the Inhabitants in awe by a Cittadel Built at their own Expences It changed Masters some time after when the Duke of Alencon Brother to King Henry III. was made Count of Flanders in 1582. He was also Master of Cambray and left it to John Montiu Sieur of Belagny who soon after join'd himself to the League and afterwards made Peace with Henry IV. who made him Prince of Cambray and Mareschal of France in 1594. but the Spaniards surprised this Town and forced him to deliver them the Cittadel the 9th of October 1595. The Inhabitants
acknowledged Philip II. of Spain but the Archbishop made such Complaints and shewed such Reasons that the King was satisfied with being Master of the Cittadel and Protector of the Country and left all other Jurisdiction to that Prelate The Spaniards Fortified this Town very well and kept such a strong Garison in it that it was look'd upon to be impregnable Yet the King of France took it in 1677. The great Cittadel is upon a heighth which commands all the Town the Ditch is wrought in a Rock The Ramparts of the Town are also Environed with deep Ditches chiefly to the East defended with many good Bastions It reaches to the River and has another good Fort to defend it of that side which lying low may be soon drowned by drawing the Sluces The Chapter of this City is one of the most considerable of the Low Countries consisting of 48 Canons and 95 Ecclesiasticks which Officiate in our Lady's Church It 's affirmed that Diogenes a Grecian by Nation was the first Prelate of Cambray sent into France by Pope Siricius about 408. Pope Paul IV. made it an Archbishoprick in 1559. upon the Request of King Philip of Spain and the Bishopricks of Arras Tournay St. Omer and Namur were given for Suffragants The Archbishops take the Title of Dukes of Cambray Counts of Cambresis and Princes of the Empire The Streets of this Town are wide and very neat and the chiefest and richest end in a great Place where the Town-house is Built and has a very curious Clock There are also very good Manufactures as Cambray and especially of many sorts of Linnen that bear the Name of the City It stands 34 Miles S. W. of Mons 40 N. E. of Amiens and 94 almost N. of Paris Long. 22 d. 24 m. Lat. 50 d. 51 m. II. Crevecoeur Crevocoeur is a place of no great Moment on the River Scheld nigh Four Miles S. of Cambray III. Chateau-Cambresis Chateau-Cambresis is another inconsiderable Town of Cambresis on the River Selle 15 Miles S. E. of Cambray Article II. Of the County of Artois Lat. Artesia ARtois borders Picardy on the South The Boulonnois on the West Bounds The County of Flanders on the North and the Cambresis on the East It s Extent Extent South and North West is about 55 miles and about 40 West and East It is exceeding fertile in all sorts of Corn but more particularly of Wheat Quality which it produces in such a measure that this Province serves as a Granary to a great part of Flanders and Brabant It has in it twelve Cities or Walled Towns Cities 850 Villages Villages c. nine Chattelenies or Castlewards and several Abbeys and Monasteries The Chief Rivers in this Province are Rivers 1. Scharpe which here washes Arras and runs into Flanders nigh Douay 2. Lys which here washes Aire and St. Venant and runs into Flanders 3. Aa which here washes Reutly and St. Omers and runs into Flanders 4. Canche which washes Hesdin and runs into France Artois was subject to the Romans and afterwards to the Kings of Austrasia History and Government since whose times it has often changed Masters Lewis the XIth King of France made himself Master of Arras in 1477. after Charles the Bold or Rash Duke of Burgundy but Mary of Burgundy this Charles's Daughter brought it into the House of Austria marrying Maximilian the 1st of Austria Father of Philip I. and Grandfather of Charles V. and Ferdinand I. Francis the I. of France was forced by the Peace of Madrid in 1529. to quit Artois to the Spaniards which was afterwards possessed by Philip II and III. But the French re-conquered it under Philip IV. Son of the last who yielded it 'em by the 35 Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. reserving to himself the Towns of Aire and St. Omer since taken by the French so that they are now Masters of all this Province The most remarkable places in Artois are Arras Bish Ch. Cit. St. Omer Bish Bapaume Hesdin Bethune St. Venant Aire Priory Therouane Lens Avesne le Comte Liques Pernes I. Arras Arras Lat. Rigiacum or Origiacum is seated on the Scharpe with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Cambray This is a very ancient City St. Vast who died in 540. was its first Bishop Lewis XI of France made himself Master of it in 1493. but restored it afterward to the Emperor Maximilian The Spaniards fortified it so as to think they had rendred it impregnable whereupon they caused the Emblem of some Rats running after Cats to be carved on the Frontispiece of one of the Gates of this City with these two boasting verses Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois prendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall take Arras This Prophecy proved false for the Mareschals of Chaune Chatillon and La Meilleraye laid Siege to and carried it in 1640 after they had defeated the Cardinal Infanta that came to relieve the Place And the French leaving the said Emblem upon the Gate did but take away the P in the word Prendront of the second verse which quite alters the signification of the Motto as Quand ces Rats prendront ces Chats Les Francois rendront Arras That is When these Rats shall catch these Cats Then the French shall yield Arras The Spaniards sate before it in 1654. but were beat off with great loss so that it still belongs to the French who have made its Fortifications very strong and regular It is a place of large circumference well Peopled Rich and Trading The Streets are broad and fair adorned with a spacious Market-place Here is also a beautiful Cathedral a very wealthy Abbey and a strong Castle This City stands 20 miles almost of Cambray 30 N. E. of Amiens and 92 N. of Paris Long. 21 d. 55 m. Lat. 50 d. 20 m. II. St. Omer St. Omer in Latin Fanum Sancti Audomari and Vrbs Audomarensis lies on the River Aa in the Country of the Ancient Morins with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Cambray St. Omer or Audomarus Bishop of Therouan built this City in 660. And Foulques Abbot of St. Bertin began to encompass it with Walls in 880. which was afterward finished by Baldwin II. Sirnamed the Bald Earl of Flanders in 902. who also joined the Abbey of Sithieu to the City Afterwards Therouan being demolished in the XVI Century there were instead of it founded two Bishopricks in 1559. viz. that of Bologne and of St. Omer Near to this City is a Lake containing several small floating Islands Inhabited by certain Families that never marry but among themselves without going out of these Islands which they make to go too and fro at pleasure either with Cords or Poles St. Omer is a great and fair City well fortified having on the one side the River and Marshes and on the other side is defended by a strong Castle with good Bastions and deep
and broad Ditches In 1639. the French besieged it but in vain About 1596. Philip II. of Spain founded here a College for English Jesuits endowing it largely they have since purchased Watton Cloyster which is within 2 Miles of St. Omer a very pleasant place and worth 500 pound per annum The Duke of Orleans the French Kings Brother took this Town in April 1677. after the Battel of Cassel and by the Peace of Nimeguen it was yielded to the French It is a Rich Trading City and remarkable for the Abbey of St. Bertin in which it is not lawful for Women to enter during life nor to be buried after St. Omer stands 17 miles S. of Dunkirk 21 E. of Boulogne and 36 N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 22 m. Lat. 50. d. 52 m. III. Bapaume Bapaume is a very strong little Town the French took it in 1641. and it was left to them by the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands on the borders of Picardy 14 miles almost E. of Arras and 15 S. W. of Cambray Long. 22 d. 5 m. Lat. 50 d. 9. m. IV. Hesdin Hesdin or Hesdinfert Lat. Hesdina or Hesdinum is a fortified Town on the River Canche and Frontiers of Picardy formerly situated a League from the Place where it stands now for it was ruin'd during the Wars between Francis I. and Charles V. and rebuilt by Emanuel Duke of Savoy the Emperors General in 1554. in a place called Mesnil Therefore called Hesdinfert alluding to the old Motto of the House of Savoy F.E.R.T. It enjoys a very good situation and is a very regular Exagon so well contrived and fortified that it is accounted one of the strongest Holds of Flanders yet it was taken by the French and yielded to them by the Treaty of the Pyrenees It stands 25 miles South of St. Omer Long. 21 d. 20. m. Lat. 50 d. 27 m. V. Bethune Bethune is the chief Town of the County of that Name it stands on the small River Biette It is a very good place pretty well fortified here are two Fairs which bring it a considerable Trade The French took it 1645. and it was yielded to them by the 35th Article of the Treaty of the Pyrenees Anno 1659. It has produced several great Men who have been Dukes Peers and Mareschals of France and done their Kings great service in the Wars It lies 18 miles N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 46 m. Lat. 50 d. 38. m. VI. St. Venant St. Venant Lat. Fanum Sancti Venantii is a small Town on the River Lies It was taken by the French in 1669. and formerly a place of strength but now much neglected It stands 26 miles S. of Dunkirk and as many N. of Arras Long. 21 d. 39 m. Lat. 50 d. 44 m. VII Aire or Arien Aire is a very strong Town with a good Castle on the Frontiers of Flanders within three Leagues of St. Omer The River Lys runs through it it has fine Churches especially the ancient Collegiate Church called St. Peters to which Baldwin Count of Flanders added 14 Prebendaries in 1604. The French took this place in 1641. after a memorable Siege but it was quickly after retaken by the Spaniard It was again taken by the French in 1676. under the command of Mareschal D'Humieres It stands 25 miles S. of Dunkirk 28 N. W. of Arras and 26 E. of Boulogne Long. 21 d. 30 m. Lat. 50 d. 41. m. VIII Therouan or Terouane Therouane Lat. Teruana or Cicutus Morinorum was the Capital of the Ancient Morins It had formerly a Bishops See Suffragant of Rheims It was lookt upon as an impregnable place But Pontus de Laillan Lord of Bugnicourt took it in 1553. for Charles V. who ordered it should be demolished so that now there are but few Inhabitants who are subject to the King of France It stands on the River Lys five miles W. of Aire and nine S. of St. Omers Long. 21 d. 23 m. Lat. 50 d. 41 m. IX Lens Lens Lat. Lentium Nemetacum is a small Town upon the River Souchets formerly pretty well fortified but some years since slighted and dismantled The Prince of Conde gave the Spaniards a great overthrow here in 1648. and afterwards took the Town which was left to France by the 35th Article of the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands nine Miles N. of Arras and 15 W. of Doway Long. 21 d. 57 m. Lat. 50 d. 28 m. X. Avesnes le Comte Avesnes le Comte is but a small Town on the Frontiers of Picardy very much ruined by the Wars It stands eight Miles S. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 40 m. Lat. 50 d. 14 m. XI Liques Liques is a small Town on the Borders of Picardy seven miles W. of St. Omer and 12 almost S. of Calais Long. 21 d. 12 m. Lat. 50 d. 53 m. XII Pernes Pernes is also a small Town seven miles W. of Bethune 9 S. of Aire and 20 N. W. of Arras Long. 21 d. 33 m. Lat. 50 d. 34 m. There are some other small inconsiderable Towns in Artois such as St. Paul Mont St. Eloy Renty Dire or Drien c. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT II. The Course of the Rhine CHAP. I. Description of the River Rhine in general THE Rhine Lat. Rhenus has its Sources in the Alps in Mount Adula or St. Gothar Source in the Country of Grisons or Rhaetia two or three Leagues from the Fountain of the Rhone It springs from two Fountains the one called Veder Rhyn or first Rhine and the other Hindes Rhyn or the se second Rhine which join both together This River begins to be Navigable near Chur in Switzerland Course and entring into the great Lake of Constance it passes to Schaffouze and Basil from thence it runs into Alsatia and increasing by the Waters of many great Rivers it Waters the Palatinate of the Rhine The Archbishopricks and Electorates of Mayence or Mentz Treves or Triers and Cologne or Ceulen then the succession of Cleves and Juliers And finally it enters the Low-Countries at the Fort Schenk where it divides into two Branches whereof the one called Vahal runs through Nimeguen Tiel and Bommel and joining with the Meuse it looses its name The other branch takes its course towards the North almost as far as Arnheim where it separates into two parts whereof the one called the Yssel passeth to Doesburg and Zutphen and discharges it self into the Zuyder-zee The other Arm which since the year 860 has formmed a new Course by the over-flowing of the Sea is called Lech and runs not by Vtrecht and Leyden as it did then but to Wyck Cullemburg and Newport and finally dischargeth it self into the Merwe and from thence into the Ocean This River fam'd by the Greek and Latin Writers History is without doubt the greatest in Europe next the Danube and noted for the excellent Wine which grows on its Banks called Rhenish-Wine The Etymology of its name is variously discoursed of by Authors
some deriving it from the German word Reyn which signifies Flowing hitherward or Rein which signifies clearness and purity because it was formerly made a Test of Conjugal Chastity for as Hoffman relates the Ancient Inhabitants about the Rhine did use to try the Legitimacy of Children by throwing them into it reckoning such as sunk to be Bastards but those who swam were look'd upon as lawfully begot Hence Claudian Et quos Nascentes explorat gurgite Rhenus It was also called Aurifer by some because of the Gold found mix'd with its Sand. The Rhine was the Ancient Boundary betwixt France and Germany Constantine the Great begun a Bridge over this River at Cologne to strike terror into the French Charlemaign built a wonderful one of Wood over it at Mentz of 500 paces long which was burnt by a casual Fire about a year before his Death In the Description I design to make of the Course of the Rhine I shall confine my self to that which is most remarkable both in the Treaties of Peace and in the present and former Wars between Germany and France That is from its entrance into Alsatia down to the Fort Schenk in the Low-Countries which comprehends six different Territories viz. 1. Alsatia Strasburg Bish 2. Palatinate of the Rhine Heidelberg 3. Electorate of Mayence Mayence or Mentz Arch. 4. Electorate of Treves Treves or Triers Arch. 5. Electorate of Cologne Cologne or Ceulen Arch. 6. The Succession of Cleves and Juliers Cleves Juliers Article I. Of Alsatia Lat. Alsatia Germ. Elsalsz THIS Province has the Rhine on the East The Palatinate on the North Bounds Lorrain on the West And Suntgaw or County or Ferrete with some part of Franche Comte and Switzerland on the South It s extent Extent South and North is about 100 Miles including Suntgaw and East and West about 50 including Brisgaw It is reputed to have been the seat of the Ancient Tribocchi or Triboces who retained their name till the time of Charlemaign The Romans were Masters of it near 500 years then it was under the Kings of the France till Otho I. By Otho II. it was erected into a Landgraviat and the House of Austria enjoyed it till the Usurpations of the French in the late Wars made it a Wilderness by their unheard of Devastations And afterwards it was sold to Lewis XIV of France with Suntgaw and Brisac by Ferdinand Charles Archduke of Inspruck in 1648. for the sum of three Millions French Livers and so the Emperor was forced to resign it to the French Crown by the Treaty of Munster in the same year 1648. The Spaniard resigning his Right also by the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1659. This is one of the best watered Parts of all Germany and most fertile in Wines Corn Quality Fruits Pastures Its Mountains have several Silver Brass and Lead-Mines Yet it is ill peopled because a Frontier and the Seat of War It is in many places over-grown with Wood and has abundance of Iron-works which brings Money into the Country the Woods being upon the Bank of the Rhine do secure the Country against the Rapidity of that River This Province has 46 Walled Towns 50 Castles Cities c. Villages and a great number of Villages It is divided into Vpper and Lower Alsatia and into five Parts including Suntgaw Brisgaw and Ortnaw of which these three Suntgaw Vpper-Alsatia and Lower-Alsatia are on the left side of the Rhine and Brisgaw and Ortnaw on the Right Alsatia with its dependencies is divided into five Parts 1. Lower Alsatia where are Strasburg Bish Cap. To the French Schelestad To the French Weissenburg To the French Landau To the French Molsheim To the French Saverne To the French Haguenau To the French Seltz To the French Ober Ruheim To the French Bentheim To the French Andlaw To the French Lauterburg To the French Inguiller To the French Hoksstein County To the French 2. Vpper-Alsatia where are Colmas Cap. To the French Ensisheim To the French Rufech To the French Munster in Gregorienthal To the French Marbach To the French Keisersperg To the French 3. Suntgaw Lat. Suntgovia has Upper Alsatia on the N. the Rhine on the E. the Bishoprick of Basil on the S. and Franche Comte on the W. the principal places in it are Ferrete County Cap. To the French Alskirk To the French Befo rt To the French Hunningen To the French Mulhausem Imp. and Free 4. Brisgaw or Brisgou Lat. Brisgovia or Brisgoia lies between the Rhine on the W. and the black Forest on the E. The principal Towns in it are Brisac To the French Fribourg Cap. To the French Neweburg to the Emp. 5. Ortnaw Lat. Ortnavia lies between the Rhine on the W. Brisgaw on the S. the Dutchy of Wurstenberg on the East and the Palatinate on the South the most remarkable places there are Ofemburg Cap. Imper. Gengenbach Imper. Baden Marq. Durlach Marq. Pfortzheim to the French Remarkable Towns of Lower Alsatia I. Strasburg STrasburg Lat. Argentoratum or Argentina or Tribocorum and Tribocum and by some Moderns Strasburgum is the Capital City of Alsatia and one of the fairest of Germany It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Mentz and was for many Ages a Free and Imperial City seated in the midst of a great Plain upon the little River Ill where it falls into the Breusche about one Mile from the Rhine over which it has a Timber Bridge of great length This is a place of very great strength and Wealth and so ancient that it is said to have been built Ann. M. 1955. The Arsenal and Town-house do well deserve the view of Strangers and the Cathedral dedicated to the Blessed Virgin their Admiration not only for the Magnificence and vastness of the Structure and its Gates of Brass but more particularly for its Steeple called Tower of Mynster which is Pyramidal and of a Structure that lies all open and pervious to the light being the most esteemed for its Workmanship of any other steeple in Christendom It is 574 Foot high and has 700 steps but that which is most of all admired is the Clock Work which besides the Hours of the Day represents the motions of the Planets In the year 1440 or thereabouts the Art of Printing was first invented by one John Guttenburg a Citizen of Strasburg who removed about the same time to Mentz and there mostly used and improved this noble Art so that a mighty contest has been managed between Harlem Strasburg and Mentz which of them shall have the honour of this Invention In 1529. This City embraced the Protestant Religion and the year following entred a League with the Reformed Cantons for her Defence since that time its Government was Republican till September 1681. that the French King having before possess'd himself of all Alsatia suddenly surprized this important Place in a time of Peace when no body suspected it which may be ascribed to the Pride and Folly of the
to the French It stands 24 Miles nigh S. of Coblentz and 33 W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. 52 m. Lat. 49 d. 59 m. XI Ingelheim Ingelheim Lat. Ingelhemium and Ingelenhemium is a small Town on the Rhine once Free and Imperial but now belonging to the Elector Palatine and Subject to the French The Emperor Charlemaign was Born there in 742. and afterwards repaired it Lewis the Debonair died there in 840. It stands Eight Miles W. of Mentz and as many E. of Bingen Places adjoining to Palatinate I. Spire SPire or Spires Lat. Spira or Augusta Nemetum or Noviomagus is a great rich populous City near the Rhine with a Bishoprick under the Arbishoprick of Mentz It is an Imperial and Free City but under the protection of the Elector Palatine The Cathedral was Built in 1411. by Conrade the Emperor in which are the Sepulchres of the Emperors Henry IV. Philip V. Rudolph I. Adolphus of Nassau and Albert I. The Imperial Chamber which was first Instituted at Francfort in 1495. by Maximilian I. and in the Year 1530. removed to this City by Charles V. Consists of two Presidents whereof the one is a Protestant the other a Romanist and of 15 Counsellors whereof Seven are Protestants and Eight Romanists The Government of the City was all Lutheran but the Cathedral was in the Hands of the Bishop a Roman Catholick There were several Convents of both Sexes and a College of Jesuits The Calvinists had also a Church here but their number was not considerable Tho' the Town subsisted chiefly by the Imperial Chamber yet there was an endless Dispute between them and the Chamber concerning their Priviledges For the Government of the Town pretended that the Judges of the Chamber as they were private Men and out of the Court of Judicature were subject to them and in the Year 1685. they put one of them in Prison and on the other hand the Judges said their Persons were sacred In the last War in 1672. between the French and the Emperor this City enjoyed a Neutrality on the Account of this Chamber but in the Year 1638. was taken and Garrison'd by the French and in 1689. a War ensuing for the Recovery of the Countries Ravish'd from the Empire by the French they with the utmost Inhumanity burned and destroy'd this Ancient and Venerable City Hereupon the Imperial Chamber was by the Diet with the Consent of the Emperor removed to Weslar a City of Hassia The Ruins of Spire stand 13 Miles S. W. of Heidelberg and 22 S. of Worms Long. 28 d. 12 m. Lat. 49 d. 11 m. II. Worms Worms Lat. Vormacia or Barbetomagus or Barbitomagus Vangionum is a Great Famous Imperial Free City upon the Rhine with a Bishoprick Suffragant of Mentz The Bishop is Lord thereof as well as of the little Country whereof it is Capital Attila destroyed it in the Fifth Century and Clovis repair'd it again It was often taken in the last Wars of Germany The Town was honoured a considerable time with an Archbishops See whereof it was deprived about 750. by Pope Zachary who removed that Dignity to Mentz leaving only the Title of Bishoprick to Worms in Punishment of Gervillon the last Archbishop his Treachery who kill'd an an Officer whom he had invited to come to confer with him out of his Enemies the Saxons Camp Here have been several Councils held as in 764 770. 1078 c. A Famous Diet was also held here in 1521. in which Luther defended his Doctrine before the States of the Empire Worms was burnt by the French in 1689. and stands 23 Miles N. E. of Heidelberg and Spire and 33 S. of Francfort Long. 28 d. Lat. 49 d. 32 m. III. Philipsburg Philipsburg is a very important Fortress near the Rhine called formerly Vdenheim it took its Modern Name from Philip Christopher de Saleren Bishop of Spire and Archbishop of Trier This Prelate caused it to be Built and Fortified with seven Bastions where the Bishops Castle and the Village of Vdenheim stood almost upon the Brink of the Rhine in a Plain surrounded with Marish Ground This Place was Consigned to the Bishop of Spire but still under the Protection of the Emperor the Bishop has ever had his Residence in the Castle which is a Noble Pile It fell into the hands of the Imperialists in _____ through the Cowardliness of the Governour The Swedes drove them thence Jan. 15. 1634. and gave it to Lewis XIII but as the Fortification of it could not be finish'd because of the rigour of the Winter The Imperialists surpriz'd it by Night Jan. 23. 1635. Afterwards the Duke of Anguien having defeated the Bavarians at Friburg retook Spire and Philipsburg Sept. 1644. The French King caused it to be regularly Fortified and made it a very important Place The Germans and their Allies who had blocked it up for a long time Besieged it May 16. 1676. and it was surrendred to them upon Articles Sept. the 17th following In 1688. Sept. the 27th It was invested by the French The 6th of October the Dauphin of France came thither and here made his first Campaign the first of November it was surrendred when it might have holden out much longer However this Siege gave liberty to the Prince of Orange now our King to come over into England Philipsburg stands seven Miles S. of Spire and 18 S. W. of Heidelberg Long. 28 d. 10 m. Lat. 49 d. 4 m. IV. Darmstat Darmstat Lat. Darmstadium with the Title of Landgraviate is about Two Leagues from the Rhine It belongs to a Prince of the Family of Hesse and has a well Fortified Castle The Castles of Mariemburg on the Rhine and Russelheim on the Main belong also to that Prince Darmstat stands on the River of the same Name 14 Miles S. of Francfort 23 S. E. of Mentz 17 N. E. of Worms and 30 N. of Heidelberg Long. 28 d. 16 m. Lat. 49 d. 41 m. V. Deux-Ponts Deux-Ponts Lat. Bipontium Germ Zweibruck is a Town on the River Scwolbe with a strong Castle and the Title of Dukedom It stands 44 Miles almost W. of Worms and about 50 from Strasburg Mentz and Triers Long. 26 d. 54 m. Lat. 49 d. 19 m. This Town gives its Name to a very Ancient and Noble Family which is a Branch of that of Bavaria in this manner Stephen Duke of Sicmeren second Son to the Emperor Robert the Little had two Sons by his Wife Anne of Veldens viz. Frederick and Lewis the Black Lewis dying in 1489. left Alexander Sirnamed The Halt Duke of Deux-Ponts who died in 1514. and was succeeded by Lewis II. who embraced the Protestant Religion and died in 1532. His Son Wolfgand was his Successor he added to his Fathers Dominions the Principality of Newburg and died in France in 1569. where he had led Succours out of Palatinate to the Protestants of that Kingdom he left Five Sons viz. Philip Lewis John Frederick and Charles and two Daughters John was his Successor who
the other from Tarentais to Dauphine It is generally believed to be the Country of the Ancient Brannovices in Caesar tho' Samson be of another Mind The most considerable Places here are St. John of Maurienne Bish Cap. La Chambre Marquisate St. Michael St. Julian St. Andrew Modane Vsse Braman Lanebourg I. St. John of Maurienne St. John of Maurienne or Morienne Lat. Mauriana Sancti Joannis is on the River Arche with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Vienna in Dauphine It is an Unwalled City seated in a Valley on the Frontiers of France The Cathedral Church of St. John has many Tombs of the Dukes of Savoy This City lies 16 Leagues from Grenoble to the East The Valley of Tarentaise Lat. Tarentasia THIS small Province lies between the Fossigny on the North the Alps and the Dutchy of Aost on the East the Valley of Morienne on the South and Savoy Proper on the West The remarkable Places here are Monstiers Archbp. Cap. St. James St. Maurice Briancon Constans Le Bourg I. Monstiers Monstiers Lat. Monasterium formerly Tarentasia and Forum Neronis Centronum is seated upon the Isere with an Archbishops See which has for Suffragans Sion and Aousle It has not been Metropolis but since the eighth Age for before that time all Ecclesiastick Authors agree that it was subject to that of Vienne It stands 16 Miles E. of St. John de Mauscenne 28 E. of Monmelian and 64 N. W. of Turin Long. 26 d. 14 m. Lat. 45 d. seven m. The Barony of Fossigny FOssigni Foucigni or Faussigny Lat. Fociniacum and Fociniensis Tractus with the Title of Barony lies between Genevois and le Valais in a Mountainous Country its ancient Inhabitants were the Focunates or Focuates The most remarkable Places here are Bonneville Cap. Cluse St. Gervais Taninge Salanche Bonneville Bonneville Lat. Bonnopolis is a small Town and Castle on the right Bank of the River Arva over which it has a Wooden Bridge two Leagues from Cluse five from Annecy and about as many from Geneva Bonneville is at the Foot of the Mountains but the Plain on the other side the River Arva belongs to Geneva It is not considerable yet several Noble Families of Savoy as of St. Alban de Millet de Chales c. have had their Original from thence The Dukedom of Chablais Lat. Caballicus Ducatus THis Province Borders the Lake of Geneva to the North The Country of Velay to the East Fossigny to the South and the Territories of Geneva to the West It comprehends the Bailywicks of Tannier and Galliard and the Lands of St. Victor The Romans kept great studs in this Province which for that reason they called Provincia Equestris and Caballica from the last word comes the present Chablais The Places of Note here are Thonon Ripaille Evian Armoy St. John d' Aux or of Aost Thonon Thonon or Tonnon Lat. Tunonium is a small inconsiderable Town on the Lake of Geneva seven Leagues E. of that Town The Genevois Lat. Genevensis Ager THis Province has the River Rhine on the West and North Chablais and Fossigni on the East and Savoy Proper on the South The remarkable Places here are Geneve Bish Free Annecy Cap. Albi. La Roche Tonnes Faverge Manigo Talloir Clairmont Mount St. Martin I. Geneva Geneva or Geneve Lat. Januba Genabum Geneva or Geneventium Civitas is an ancient City of the Allobroges upon the Frontiers of Savoy seated upon the Rhine at the extremity of the Lake Leman now called Lake of Geneva It is a neat large rich City well fortified and has an admirable situation partly upon a Hill partly in a Plain which has the Lake on the North. The Rhine issuing out of the Lake incompasses the City to the West and divides it from that delightful part call'd St. Gervais At the end of the City the Rhine receives the River Arve which is another Rampart of Geneva to the South and besides the defence it draws from those Rivers to the South and West and from the Lake to the North it has very good Fortifications St. Peter's Church is built upon a Hill and was formerly the Cathedral There are in this City several Piazza's a fair Town-House with a Pair of Stairs of particular Workmanship an Arsenal in good order vast Walks and beautiful Streets especially along the Lake The Rivieres or Bank-sides make three different Streets for there is in the middle a Passage for Coaches and Horses with Shops on both sides having Porticco's before them supported with Pillars where you walk securely from the Weather It is a City of great Trade in a Soil abounding with Wine It is very ancient and was very considerable in the time of the Romans as several * See Spon's Antiquities of Geneva Inscriptions testifie After several Revolutions and suffering much by the Incursions of the Barbarians she had Counts of her own of which the most Ancient was Robert or Ratbert in the year 880. After that this City preserved her Liberty for many years under the Imperial protection till being deserted by the Emperors engaged in Civil Dissentions she had recourse to her own Bishops then in great Authority but they embroyling themselves with the Duke of Savoy those Discords strangely afflicted her being already twice consumed by Fire So that she was forc'd to struggle with the succeeding Dukes of Savoy for her Liberty which she did with various Fortune being reduc'd to great extremities by Charles Duke of Savoy after a long Siege And like to have been seized by Emanuel which forc'd her to a strict Alliance with the Cantons of Berne and Friburg by whom she was delivered from her Fears and the Dukes of Savoy brought to an easie composition and Renunciation of their Pretensions But nothing conduced so much to her Establishment as her embracing the Reformation first Preached to her by William Farel her first Minister to whom succeeded Calvin and Beza who both died at Geneva so that after she had renewed a perpetual League with the Cantons before-mentioned by their support in 1535. the Council of Geneva abolished the Roman Religion and forced her Bishop Peter of la Beaume to remove his See to Annecy About 350 years ago this City was twice burnt in seven years time and the change of Religion having heightened its Neighbours Rage against it it suffered a very sharp Siege and miserable Famine in 1584. But yet prevailed so far by the help of the Canton of Zurich that the Duke of Savoy and the Bishop were forced to renounce all their pretensions to it Nor did it reap less glory from its defeating the Nocturnal Scalado of Charles Emanuel in 1602. In these late years the French King has several times threatned this City of a Siege but has been kept from such a design by the fear of breaking with the Switzers The Emperor Charles IV. instituted here an University in 1368. which is still very flourishing Geneva stands 75 Miles N. E. of Lyons 65 S. of Besancon 50 N. of
of Montferrat then it became Capital of the Country and the residence of the Marquisses of Monferrat who before that resided at Occimian It s situation upon the Po is very advantagious the Land about it very fertile in all manner of things it is defended on one side by a good Cittadel on the other with a strong Castle and is environed with Ditches strong Walls and many Bastions and Half-Moons The Castle has four great Towers and as many Half-Moons which cover the Flanks with a large Ditch a Counterscarp and a Coridor lin'd with Bricks besides this the Lodgings are very convenient and fine The Cittadel consists of six Bastions The Town it self is pleasant enough and has several fine Churches The Spaniards besieg'd it under Goncales in the beginning of 1629. but the approach of Lewis XIII's Army made them retire in the Night The next year they lay Siege to it under Spinola but it was vigorously defended by Mareschal Toiras The Spaniards besieged again under the Marquiss of Leganez in 1640. but the Count of Harcourt drave them from before it took their Colours Artillery and all their Baggage kill'd 2000 Men and made as many Prisoners They were more successful during the disorders of France for they made themselves Masters of this important Place in 1652. but it was afterwards rendered to the Duke of Mantua of whom the King of France bought it in 1681. in this late War the Duke of Savoy block'd it up from March to October 1693. when he wanted the Troops employed at the Blockade to reinforce his Army after the Battel of Marseillane Casal stands 38 Miles E. of Turin Long. 28 d. 17 m. Lat. 44 d. 40 m. Article II. Monferrat Savoyard or under the Duke of Savoy THE Places of Monferrat belonging to the Duke of Savoy are Albe Bish Cap. Trin. Bianza Salugia Verolongo I. Albe Albe Lat. Alba Pompeia is upon the River Tanare with a Bishops See Suffragan of Milan it has often been fortified but to little purpose by reason of the Neighbouring Hills that command it It has under gone many Vicissitudes in those latter times and runs daily to decay for want of Inhabitants It stands 23 Miles S. E. of Turin Long. 27 d. 52 m. Lat. 44 d. 17 m. II. Trin. Trin or Trino is a small Town nigh the River Po 8 Miles N. W. of Casal and as many S. W. of Verceil Article III. Monferrat belonging to the Duke of Mantua The Places of Monferrat belonging to the Duke of Mantua are Acqui Bish Cap. Ripalta Occimiano Balzola I. Acqui Acqui Lat. Aquae Statellae or Statiellae is upon the River Bormia near the Appennine with a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Milan It is famous for its hot Baths frequented in May and September The Romans made here fine Stairs and Tables of Free-stone This Town suffered much in the late Wars of Monferrat and is now but a miserable place 22 Miles S. E. of Asti 30 N. W. of Genoa and 27 S. of Casal Long 28 d. 22 m. Lat. 44 d. 13 m. The other Places are not remarkable THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT IV. Catalonia Lat. Catalannia CAtalonia is a Province of Spain with the Title of Principality Name its thought that this Name is come from the Goths and Alains that lived there The Pyrenees Bounds Gascogne and Languedoc two Provinces of France border it to the North the Kingdoms of Arragon and Valence to the West and the Mediterranean Sea to the East and South It s Extent North and South is about 120 Miles and about 160 East and West Extent The Air is here hot in Summer yet wholesom mild and agreeable in the other seasons Quality The Soil is rough and Mountainous yet fertile in Corn Wine Oyl Flax and Fruits There are also Cork-Trees Chesnut-Trees and good Timber There grows the Plant called Escorzonera of a marvellous Virtue against Venom and for sore Eyes This Province has several Mines of Gold Silver Iron Alum Vitriol and Salt There are also to be found in the Mountains Amethists Alabaster Azur Cristal and Jasper and Coral upon the most Western Coast This Country is Rich by reason of the Trade of it's Sea-Towns Riches Religion The only Religion suffered there is the Roman Catholick The Principal Rivers here are 1. Ebro Lat. Iberus which rises in old Castile Rivers crosses Old Castile part of Navarre Arragon and Catalonia and here Washes Flix Mora Tortosa and runs into the Mediterranean Sea 2. Segro which rises in the most Northern part of this Province washes Puicerda Balaguer Lerida and falls into the Ebro near Mequinenca 3. Alagas which on the one side seperates Arragon from Catalonia and falls into the Ebro a little below the meeting of that River with the Segro 4. Noguera Kibagorzana and la Noguera Palloresa which fall both into the Segro 5. Lobregat which rises toward the North of this Provinces and discharges it self into the Sea eight Miles E. of Barcelona 6. The Ter which rises towards the middle of this Province washes Girona and falls into the Sea 7. Tech which rises in the most South-Western parts of the County of Roussillon and there washes Es Bola and Elna and falls into the Sea 8. Tet rises in the most Western parts of Roussillon washes Perpignan and discharges it self into the Sea Catalonia has the Dutchy of Cardona and the two Counties of Cerdagna and Roussillon Division The whole Province is divided into 17 Viguerys or Viguiers Jurisdictions viz. Â The Viguerys of Cities of Note in the Viguerys To the South 1. Barcelona Barcelona Bish Cap. 2. Villa Franca de Panades Villa-Franca de Panades 3. Tarragona Terragona Archbp. To the West 4. Tortosa Tortosa Bish Flix 5. Balaguer Balaguer 6. Lerida Lerida Bish In the Middle 7. Monblancq Monblancq 8. Tarrega Tarrega 9. Agramunt Agramunt 10. Cervera Salsona Bish Cardona Dutchy 11. Manresa Manresa Monserrat Monast 12. Vich Vich Bish 13. Campredon Campredon To the North 14. Puicerda Puicerda La seu d'Vrgel Bish 15. Villa Franca de Conflent Villa Franca de Conflent To the East 16. Perpignan Perpignan Elna Collioure 17. Girone Girone Bish Roses Charles Martel King of France assisted the Catalonians against the Moors History who had established their Empires in Spain Lewis the Meek took Barcelona from these Infidels and Catalonia had its particular Princes until it was united to Arragon Some pretend that it was made a County in 873. by Charles the Bald and others think Charles the Burley erected it into a County in 884. Godfrey or Wilfred the Hairy first Hereditary Count of Catalonia is a Branch of the Princes who possessed that Country as was said before The Catalonians put themselves under the French in 1640. Joseph Margaret a Gentleman of that Country being a great instrument of the Revolution in shaking the Spanish Yoke and submitting to the French Kings who kept their Viceroys and Governours there but this
and whereof there have been many Cardinals and other Prelates and some who have had very Illustrious Alliances with the Royal House of Arragon and with the greatest Families of Spain It is also famous for its Salt-Mines which yield a yearly Revenue of 30000 Pieces of Eight The Dukedom of Cardona contains three or four Villages besides the Town The Duke being one of the Richest Grandees of Spain and possessing besides it three Dukedoms four Marquisates and two Earldoms He lives mostly at Madrid but sends hither every three years a new Governour the King of Spain having nothing to do with this City It is the freest in Spain and besides the Tenth of the Corn and Wine paid to the Duke it never payeth any Tribute to him or the King It is governed by a Council and Four Consuls chosen every Year by Lot so that no Man of the Council can serve again till three years are expired This Town stands 52 Miles N. E. of Tarragona Long. 20 d. Lat. 41 d. 22 m. XIII Manresa Manresa is a small City upon the River Cardoner once a Bishoprick under the Archbishop of Tarragona It stands 42 Miles N. E. of Tarragona XIV Montserrat Montserrat is a Monastery six Miles S. W. from Manresa famous for the great number of Pilgrims that come thither out of most parts of the World XV. Vich Vich or Vigue Lat. Aula Nova Corbio Vicus and Aquae Voconiae is a small City upon the Ter with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona It stands 26 Miles almost W. of Girona and 42 Miles N. of Barcelona XVI Campredon Campredon is a small inconsiderable Place about 30 Miles almost N. of Vich XVI Puicerda Puicerda or Puy-Cerda is a small City the Capital of the County of Cerdagne on the River Segra in the Pyrenaean Hills 48 Miles W. of Perpignan and 92 N. of Barcelona Long 20 d. 22 m. Lat. 42 d. 3 m. XVII La seu de Urgel Vrgel called by the Inhabitants la seu de Vrgel Lat. Orgelum Orgia or Orgella is seated on the River Segra with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona it had Counts of great Power under the second Line of the Kings of Arragon The French made themselves Masters of it in 1691. It stands five Leagues from the Borders of France and 96 Miles almost N. of Barcelona Long. 19 d. 46 m. Lat. 42 d. 3 m. XVIII Girona Girona Lat. Gerunda is a very Ancient City upon the River Ter with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Tarragona indifferently well fortified There is one broad Street that runs the whole length of the City with several good Suburbs In 1684. the French under the Command of Mareschal Bellefond lay Siege to it and endeavouring to take it by Storm were shamefully beaten off with Loss of 6000 Men. Girona stands 20 Miles off the Mediterranean Sea 50 Miles S. of Perpignan and 58 N. E. of Barcelona Long. 21 d. 20 m. Lat. 41 d. 25 m. XIX Roses Roses Lat. Rodopolis once a City now only a Castle and a small Town with a large Harbour on the Mediterranean Sea very strong and regularly fortified It stands 30 Miles South of Perpignan and 90 S. W. of Barcelona This Place was first fortified by Charles V. before which it was only a Monastery Tho' in the Time of the Romans it had been one of the most considerable Cities in Spain supposed to have been Built by the Rhodians before the Romans were Masters of this Kingdom and from them to have taken its Name It was taken by the French in 1645. restored by the Pyrenaean Treaty to Spain but retaken the last Year 1693. and now in the Possession of the French Article II. Catalonia belonging to the French THat part of Catalonia yielded to the French by the Treaty of the Pyrenees is Rousillon and the Territory of Conflent Rousillon is an Earldom in the Pyrenean Mountains Bounds having part of the Higher Languedoc to the North the Sea to the East and Catalonia to the West and South Quality This Country has good Pastures and is watered by three considerable Rivers viz. Egly Tet Tech. It was formerly united to Spain and made part of Catalonia John King of Arragon sold to Lewis II. of France and King Charles VIII gave it up to Ferdinand upon condition he would grant no Succours to those of Naples but he kept not his Promise and yet detained Rousillon which was ever since subject to Spain till Lewis XIV has retaken it from the Spaniards and has reunited it to France by the Peace of the Pyrenees Conflent Lat. Confluentes is a small Country on the West of Roussillon yielded to France by the same Treaty The Principal Places here are In Roussillon Perpignan Bish Cap. Canet Elna Salses Colliure In Conflent Villa Franca de Conflent I. Perpignan Perpignan Lat. Perpinianum and Paperianum stands upon the River Tet three Leagues from the Sea and is the See of the Bishop of Elna under the Archbishop of Narbone since 1684. It is said to have been Built out of the Ruins of Roussillon that was a Roman Colony The Arragonese took this City from the French about 1473. but they retook it in 1642. and have since that time so well fortified it with a Cittadel and other Works that it is accounted one of the strongest Places in Europe It lyes 35 Miles S. of Narbone and 104 almost N. of Barcelona Long. 21 d. 22 m. Lat. 42 d. 14 m. II. Canet Canet is a small Town on the right side of the River Tet two Miles W. of the Sea and about seven E. of Perpignan III. Elna Elna is also a small Town on the River Tech about a League from the Mediterranean eight Miles S. E. of Perpignan formerly a Bishop's See IV. Salses Salses or Sauses Lat. Salsulae is a little Town with a very strong Castle Built on a Hill near a Lake of the same Name It was first Built by the Spaniards to Bridle the Castle of Leucate which lyes within two Miles of it but taken by the French in 1640. and yielded to them by the Treaty of the Pyrenees with the County of Roussillon It is 12 Miles N. of Perpignan and six W. of the Sea V. Colliure Colliure or Collioure Lat. Camoliberis is a small Town upon the Mediterranean Sea with a very good Port. It stands 15 Miles S. E. of Perpignan THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT V. Hungary UNder the Name of Hungary I comprehend here not the Kingdom of Hungary only but also those Provinces and States adjoining to it which make part of European Turky and which for these many Years have been and are still as well as Hungary the Theatre of War And therefore the Places I design to describe in this Section are the 12 following 1. Hungary 2. Transilvania 3. Podolia 4. Moldavia 5. Walachia 6. Bulgaria 7. Servia 8. Rascia 9. Bosnia 10. Sclavonia 11. Croatia 12. Dalmatia Article I. Hungary Lat. Hungaria HVngary is an Elective Kingdom
now partly under the Turks and partly under the House of Austria that has made it almost Hereditary It lyes betwixt the 39 and 47 degrees of Longitude Situation and betwixt the 45 and the 49 degrees of Northern Latitude This Kingdom part of the Ancient Pannonia is called Magiar by the Turks Name Wiergieskas by the Sclavonians Hungarland by the Germans Onheriae by the Italians and Spaniards Hongrie by the French and Hungary by the English It is bounded by Transilvania on the East by Russia and Poland on the North Bounds by Moravia Austria and Styria on the West and by Servia and Bosnia on the South Form It is square and its four Corners front the four parts of the World The Air is here unhealthful chiefly to Strangers Air. and it breeds abundance of Vermin so that it is not safe to Encamp in one Place above a Month. Waters The Waters except that of the Danube are not good there are some Springs whose Water is Mortal increasing and decreasing with the Moon and is quite dried up when the Moon is full There are also some Springs which change Wood to Stone and Iron to Mud whence is afterwards made the best Copper hot in Winter frozen in Summer Others whose Water is sourish and salt They have also Baths and Medicinal Waters In the Country of Zolien there is also a Gulph whose Pestilential Vapours kill the very Birds that fly over it The Soil is very fruitful so that 't is thought Hungary could supply all Europe with Corn. Soil The Pasture-grounds are wonderfully good and there is such a plenty of Fowls Venison Fowls Fish Fishes Venison and Cattel that Country People live commonly on wild Boars and Stags and sometimes feed their Hogs with Fish a Thousand Carps have been sold under eight Shillings Cattel Horses Mines and more than 80000 Oxen have been driven in one Year out of Hungary to Vienna There are also good Warlike Horses and many Salt Gold Silver Copper and Tin Mines the richest are in the Mountains betwixt Buda and Strigonia The highest Mountains here are Crepach or Carpathian Mountains towards Poland and Transylvania Mountains Earldoms There were formerly about 77 Earldoms which are now reduced to 50. The chief Rivers are 1. The Danube or Danaw Lat. Danubius the greatest River of Europe Rivers which rises in Germany at the foot of a Mountain called Abnuba in the Black Forest in Suabia It runs through Suabia Bavaria Austria and Hungary and here washes Presburg Komora Gran Buda Belgrade Semendria and some other places of less note and so goes into Walachia Servia and Bulgaria and disburthens it self into the Black Sea by six or seven great Streams with so much rapidity that its Water continues fresh for 20 Leagues From the Source to the Mouth are reckoned above 700 Leagues and all the way a very fine Country The upper part is called Danube and the lower Ister which latter name it is by most Authors said to take at its Cataracts near Axiopolis It receives 60 other Rivers 30 of which are Navigable The chief are Inne Iller Leck Ens Morau Vag Drave Save Tibisc or Teiss the four last are in Hungary Tho' this River rise from a very small Fountain yet there is none in Europe comparable to it for length breadth and deepness of its length we have heard it is called broad by way of eminence above all other Rivers for its depth Jornandes writes that it is 200 Foot deep in many places Then as to the quality of the River it is for the most part coloured like Whey and very wholesom both to Drink and Bathe in It has many sorts of excellent Fishes and some poysonous It is very often frozen in the Winter The number of its Mouths which is seven in all is controverted because two of them are dead and marshy but Five great Streams all agree on of which two only are Navigable This River has had many Naval Fights upon it between the Turks and Christians at one time were 20 Galliots 80 small Pinnaces and little less than 100 Ships of Burthen imployed upon it in a Siege of Buda At the Siege of Belgrade Mahomet the Great brought 200 Ships and Gallies up the Stream the Hungarians sent a like number from Buda which after a sharp Encounter took many of the Turkish Ships and forc'd the rest on Shore and burn'd them In this present War also great Fleets have been fitted out on both sides on the Danube some of the Ships carrying 30 Guns 2. The Drave or Drau Lat. Dravus has its Source in the Alps runs through Carinthia Stiria and Hungary and here falls into the Danube 3. The Save or Saw Lat. Sava has its rise in Germany in the Vpper Carniola near to Carinthia and then running Eastward through both the Carniola's and separating Sclavonia from Croatia Bosnia and Servia after a Course of 300 Miles falls into the Danube a little above Belgrade 4. The Teiss or Tibisk of which 't is commonly said that two parts are Water and the third Fish The other Rivers here of less note are the Raab which forms an Island of the same Name The Marisch the Vag the Gran Lakes and the Sarvithze which comes out of the Lake Balaton besides which there are also the Lakes of Newdsiler and Beczkerk The Hungarians are more inclined to War than to Arts or Trading Manners they are Cruel Proud Revengeful and so divided among themselves that it is no wonder if they be exposed to the Barbarians They speak several Languages and chiefly Latin which is familiar to them They eat and drink with excess and live very nasty in their Houses yet the Gentlemen live nobly and are great Lovers of Horses Hunting and Feasting They are only stately in their Gardens and Baths and provided their Palaces be large they care not how ill furnished they be They hate the Germans though the Nobles seem to stick to the House of Austria to save themselves from the Oppressions of the Turks who value a Peasant as much as a Gentleman The greatest strength of this Kingdom consists in light Horse called Hussars Strength their Foot Souldiers are called Heiduques The Clergy the Barons the Nobles and the Royal and Free Towns Government make Four Bodies or States The States are to meet once in three Years according to the Laws of the Country and they have Right to Elect the Palatine who by the Laws of the Land is to be a Hungarian and has the whole direction of the War and Judicature Nevertheless Croatia dependent of Hungary has a Viceroy who has as much Authority as the Palatine There are in Hungary two Archbishopricks viz. Strigonia and Colonitz and 16 Bishopricks Archbishopricks Bishopricks five under the Archbishop of Strigonia eight under that of Colonitz and three Suffragan of Spalato in Dalmatia The Hungarians were Converted to Christianity by Gisle St. Henry's Sister
in 1692. after a memorable Siege and Blockade Waradin stands 75 Miles almost N. of Temeswar 90 Nigh W. of Weissenburg 114 N. of Belgrade and as many E. of Buda Long. 42 d. 55. m. Lat. 47 d. 15 m. X. Segedin Segedin or Seged Lat. Segodunum is the Capital of the Country of Bodroch on the River Teys or Tibisc near the Mouth of the River Merish 55 Miles E. of Colocza 64 S. W. of Waradin and 104 S. E. of Buda Long. 42 d. Lat. 46 d. 26 m. It was taken by the Turks in 1552. and retaken by the Imperialists in 1686. without much resistance after the taking of Buda XI Temeswar Temeswar is a large and very strong City upon the River Temes whence it has its Name towards the borders of Transilvania The Turks took it in 1552. and have fortified it since to that degree that they now esteem it impregnable It s indeed the strongest place they have It is the Seat of a Bassa and the Capital oâ— a Beglerbegtick or Government something like a County bounded on the North by Chaunad and Transylvania on the West by the Tibisc on the South by the Danube and on the East by Moldavia This City stands 54 Miles N. E. of Belgrade 75 S. of Great Waradin and 160 S. E. of Buda Long. 43 d. 24 m. Lat. 46 d. 6 m. XII Giulia Giulia or Gula Lat. Julia is a small but fortified City seated on the Lake Zarkad by the River Feketekerez and upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It was taken by the Turks in 1566. and by them afterwards Mortgaged to the Prince of Transylvania from whom they have taken it of late It stands 28 Miles S. of Great Waradin and 52 N. W. of Temeswar XIII Montgatz Montgatz or Munkatz is a Fortress in the Earldom of Pereczas situated on a steep Rock with a Borough at the Foot of it well shut up and surrounded with a Ditch full of Water A great Marsh is about this Place so that it seems Nature has made it impregnable The Fortress contains three Castles the first and highest commanding the second and the second above the third all three surrounded with a Ditch wrought in the Rock and the passages from one to another is over three Bridges The Princess Ragotski Count Tekely's Wife defended this place against a powerful Army which was forced to raise the Siege but after a Blockade of many years being not able to pay her Troops she Capitulated in 1688. and surrendred the Town to the Emperor and was conducted to Vienna with her Children where she was to live quietly without corresponding with her Husband Montgatz stands 126 Miles nigh E. of Buda Long. 43 d. 8 m. Lat. 48 d. 28 m. XIV Zatmar Zatmar is a little but well Fortified Town in the Mountains of Vpper-Hungary upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It is Capital of a Country lately erected into a County and belongs to the Emperor Teckely made himself Master of it in 1680. but the Emperor has regained it since This Town stands incircled with the River Samosch 25 Miles almost S. of Montgatz XV. Ungwar Vngwar or Vnghuar lies at the foot of Mount Crapach incircled with the River Vngh upon the Frontiers of Red-Russia It is the Capital of a County of the same name more considerable for its situation and strength than for any other advantage The Hungarian Historians pretend that this Town or River gave its Name to their Kingdom Count Teckely was master of this place and kept there his treasures with the best things he had because he thought it impregnable by its situation but in 1685. the Imperialists made themselves Masters of it This Town stands 42 Miles N. W. of Zatmar XVI Novigrad Novigrad is a small but very strong Town in the County of the same name It is defended by a Castle built upon a Rock and encompassed with a Ditch four and thirty foot deep cut in the same Rock which makes it almost Impregnable In 1594. the Germans took it from the Turks who re-took it in 1663. but it is now again under the Emperor It stands 16 Miles almost E. of Gran and 22 N. of Buda XVII .. Pest Pest Lat. Pestum is a great and fine Town situate upon the Danube over against Buda from whence it yields a delightful prospect by reason of its Walls Towers and Mosques There is a fine Bridge of Boats of half a Mile long betwixt them It has often been taken both by the Turks and Christians and is now under the Emperor of Germany since 1686. XVIII Esperie Esperie is a strong Town on the River Tarkzal It is the Capital of the County of Saros and is famous for its Fairs and Salt Mines It is subject to the Emperor and stands 14 Miles off the borders of Poland and 15 N. of Cassovia Long. 41 d. 57 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XIX Saros or Scaros Saros is a strong Castle in a County of the same name subject to the Emperor It stands upon a Hill two or three Miles almost N. of Esperie XX. Tokay Tokay is a very strong Town and Cittadel seated in an Island made by the River Teys and Bodroch It is the Capital of the County of Semlin Count Teckely made himself Master of it in 1683. but the Emperors Forces retook it in 1685. It stands 66 Miles almost N. of Great Waradin and 74 E. of Buda XXI Brodrogh Bodrogh or Bodroch is seated on the Danube and was formerly the Capital of a County of the same name It is in the possession of the Imperialists since the Conquest of Buda and Segedin in 1686. and stands 90 Miles S. E. of the former and 30 W. of the latter XXII Chonad Chonad Lat. Canadis is situated on the River Mericz not far from the Place where it empties it self into the Teys upon the Frontiers of Transylvania It is a Capital of a County of the same name subject heretofore to the Grand Signior but in the possession of the Imperialists since 1685. It is a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Colocza and stands 15 Miles E. of Segedin XXIII Jeno Jeno or Geno is a strong Castle in the County of Waradin subject to the Turks It stands on the River Feketekerez 17 Miles S. of Great Waradin XXIV Kallo Kallo is a Town of Vpper-Hungary seated in a kind of a Lake on the River Kello It is subject to the Emperor and stands 24 Miles S. E. of Tokay and 48 almost N. of Great Waradin XXV Zemlin Zemlin is the Capital of a County of the same name seated on the River Bodrach among several Branches 24 Miles N. E. of Tokay and 32 W. of Mongatz It is subject to the Emperor Description of the Remarkable Places in Lower-Hungary I. Buda BVDA or Offen is the Capital City of Hungary and formerly the ordinary residence of its Kings because of its pleasant situation Sigismund King of Hungary who was Crowned in 1387. and was afterwards Emperor beautified it with several sumptuous
Army kept it in a manner blocked up by their Incampment in 1688. And in 1689. the Forces of Lithuania and Poland setting down before it began a formal Attack Aug. 20. but crossed with ill success raised the Siege in September following This City stands 72 Miles N. W. of Soczow 116 almost S. E. of Lemburg 280 E. of Cracovia and 290 S. E. of Warsovia Long. 47 d. 46 m. Lat. 48 d. 50 m. II. Bar. Bar is a very strong Town on the River Row in the Palatinate of Kaminieck upon a Hill among Marshes and now subject to the Turks It stands 70 Miles N. E. of Kaminieck and 54 N. W. of Braclaw Long. 49 d. 22 m. Lat. 49 d. 14 m. III. Braclaw Braclaw Lat. Braclovia is a strong Town in Lower Podolia situated upon the River Bog towards the middle of this Province and Capital of the Palatinate of the same Name it is subject to the King of Poland but the Country has been strangely ruined by the Turks since the taking of Kaminieck off which City it stands 110 Miles to the E. Long. 50 d. 52 m. Lat. 48 d. 53 m. Article IV. Moldavia MOldavia is a Principality of Europe known also under the Name of Great Walachia Name or Walachia Cisalpina formerly part of Dacia and afterwards of the Great Kingdom of Hungary It has its Modern Name from a River Bounds or from the Borough Moldavia The Niester divides it from Podotia on the N. the Black Sea and the Danube divide it from Bulgaria on the E. It has the Rivers Danube and Serethe or Missovo on the South and the Mount Hemus divides it from Walachia and Transilvania on the West It is about 90 Leagues long from East to West Extent and 70 from N. to S. This Country is fruitful in Corn Pulse c. the Air very good Quality There is such plenty of Wax and Honey that their Tythes are worth above 200000 Crowns to the Prince History The Inhabitants are Christians under the Greek Patriarch and the Tribute they paid formerly to the Turks was formerly about 1400 Pound but the Port increaseth it from time to time not caring how poor they make them to keep them obedient Iâ— 1686. the Poles over-ran all this Country and took their principal Cities they therefore since relinquished the Ottoman Interest and voluntarily put themselves under the Protection of the Emperor of Germany in 1688. This Country is divided into Moldavia properly so called towards the West and Bessarabia towards the East where the Danube's Mouths are and belongs to the Turks Bessarabia is inhabited by the Tartars Drobuces or of Budziack and the Tartars of Oczakow both great Thieves The Places of Note in Moldavia Proper are Sockzow or Czukaw Jassy or Jazy Pudna Targorod or Trescort In Bessarabia Tekin or Tigina Akierman or Bialogrod Oczakow Kilia nova I. Sockzow Sockzow or Czukaw is a great and strong City the Capital of the Principality of Moldavia and the ordinary Residence of the Prince called Vayvode It stands on the River Serethe 54 Miles N. E. of Cronstad and 74 almost S. of Kaminieck Long. 48 d. 30 m. Lat. 47 d. 44 m. II. Jassy Jassy or Jazy is a great and populous City on the River Pruth subject to its own Prince under the protection of the Emperor The Poles took it in 1686. and soon after left it again It stands 60 Miles E. of Sockzow I. Tekin Tekin or Tigina is a great City the Capital of Bessarabia on the River Niester towards the Borders of Podolia It stands 100 Miles N. E. of Jazy Long. 51 d. 20 m. Lat. 47 d. 30 m. II. Bialogrod or Akierman Bialogrod is a strong City upon the Niester near the Pont Euxine and the Capital of the Principality of Budziack It stands 42 Miles S. W. of Oczakow and 270 N. of Constantinople Long. 54 d. 34 m. Lat. 47 d. 32 m. III. Oczakow Oczakow or Ocziakow Lat. Axiace is a strong Town seated at the Fall of the Borysthenes or Niester into the Euxine Sea It has a Castle which is Garrison'd by the Turks but the Citizens are Precopensian Tartars it was Built by Vitolaus Duke of Lithuania and at first peopled by his Subjects Near this City the Poles gave the Tartars a fatal overthrow in 1644. This Place gives Name to the Neighbouring Tartars who are so troublesom to Podolia Lithuania and Poland that the King of the latter pays them Tribute to prevent their Incursions It stands 44 Miles N. E. of Bialogrod and 290 N. of Constantinople Long. 55 d. 27 m. Lat. 47 d. 52 m. IV. Kilia Nova Kilia Nova is a strong Town of Bessarabia subject to the Turks upon the Danube 60 Miles S. W. of Bialogrod and 230 N. of Constantinople Long. 53 d. 28 m. Lat. 46 d. 44 m. Article V. Walachia WAlachia or Valaquia a Principality of Europe Bounds was formerly part of the ancient Kingdom of Hungary It lyes between Moldavia to the N. E. Transilvania to the N. W. Hungary to the West and Bulgaria to the South It is not very long since it was divided into great Valachia or Cisalpina Division the present Moldavia or little Valachia or Transalpina the which is now called Valachia It has Mines of Gold Quality Horses the most esteemed in Europe and a great number of Rivers The Turks call it Carabogdana that is the Land of black Corn. Riches This Province is divided into 13 Counties promiscuously Inhabited by Saxons Hungarians and Natives The Vaivode or Prince has 100000 Crowns by his Tythes of Honey and Wax a great Commodity in that Country and his Customs upon the Malmsie of Candia Government carried thro' his Lands into Germany bring him a great Sum too He is now Tributary to the Grand Signior to whom he generally pays 70000 Ducats but is sometimes obliged to pay 100000 to maintain himself in his Principality He can raise 10000 Horse and 1000 Foot The People here are inconstant and wild Strength Inhabitants their Tongue inclines somewhat to the Latin which makes some think they are descended from the Romans In the Ceremonies of their Religion which is that of the Greeks Religion they make use of the Lingua Franca used almost over all the Orient The places of Note in Walachia are Tarvis or Targovisco Cap. Brascovia Buchorist Margozest I. Tarvis or Targovisco This is a great and considerable City the Metropolis of Walachia and the ordinary Residence of the Vaivode It stands on the River Launiza 94 Miles S. E. of Hermanstat 140 S. W. of Jazy and 200 E. of Belgrade Long. 47 d. 38 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. II. Brascovia Brascovia or Bracslow or Brasgow is a City towards the North Parts of Walachia with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Colocza 47 Miles almost N. of Tarvis Article VI. Bulgaria BVlgary Lat. Bulgaria a Province of Europe belonging to the Turk Bounds had in times past the
Title of Kingdom It stretches from Servia which it has on the W. along the Danube which parts it from Moldavia and Walachia unto the Mouths of this River in the Black Sea which bounds it on the East and on the South a long Chain of Mountains separates it from Macedonia and Romania the old Thracia Bulgaria formerly made part of Lower-Moesia Authors do vary about the Original and first Seat of its Inhabitants Inhabitants There are several who think that they came from the Asiatick Sarmatia and that they took their Name from the River Volga which discharges it self into the Sea of Hyrcania having had their Seat upon its Banks before they passed into Europe Others make them descend from the Ancient Getae or Gepids However they have often opposed the Emperors of Constantinople and made Incursions into Italy and France under the Kings of the Second Line The most remarkable places in Bulgaria are Sofia Cap. Archb. Nicopolis or Nigeboli Archb. Guistandil Panfalca Ternovo Hasgrad Silistria Prounda or Proslavisa Tomi or Trosmi Mesembria or Mesevira I. Sofia Sofia or Sophia is called by the Turks Triadizza and is an Archbishop's See it was of old called Sardicca and belonged then to the Lower Maesia It is seated upon the River Ichar at an equal distance from the Borders of Thracia E. Macedonia S. and Servia W. being now a great populous but unwalled City and the Seat of the Bassa or Governour for the Beglerbeglicz of Romelia it is supposed to have been Built by the Emperor Justinian in Honour of his Wife Sophia It is noted for one of the greatest General Councils in 307. that ever was held wherein by the Artifice of Constantius the Council of Nice was condemned Amurat II. took this City and since that time all the Country of its dependency has been subject to the Turks It stands 150 Miles S. of Targovisco and 315 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. 12 m. Lat. 43 d. 25 m. II. Nicopolis Nicopolis or Nigeboli which the Turks call Sciltaro is seated upon the Danube the Capital of a Sangiak with an Archbishop's See It is famous for the Victory which Bazajet I. won there In 1396. It stands 74 Miles almost N. of Sofia III. Silistria Silistria is a great City the second of Bulgary by some reckoned the Chief and the Capital of a Sangiac It stands 18 Miles S. of Nicopolis and 70 N. of Sophia Long. 47 d. 50 m. Lat. 44 d. 25 m. From Silistria to Tomi or Trosmi known in Antiquity by Ovid's Confinement are seen the remains of a Wall Built by the Emperors of Constantinople against the Barbarians Article VII Servia SErvia is a Province of the Turkish Empire which by the Romans was called Moesia Superior Bounds and then esteemed a part of Thrace It is of great Extent being bounded on the North by the Danube which separates it from Hungary and Walachia on the West by Bosnia on the South by Albania and Macedonia and on the East by Bulgaria This Country is very fruitful and rich Quality having several Mines of Gold and Silver In the Year 1350. Vbsan or Dusan Reigned and was the first King of Servia History and called himself also Emperor of Greece He Conquered Bulgaria Bosnia and several other Nations in those parts But his Family ended in Stephen in 1371. The Servians submitted to Amurath I. after the taking of Nissa but being provoked by his Cruelty revolted in 1376. and joined with the Despote of Bosnia In 1388. Lazarus Despote of Servia fought Amurath I. in the Plains of Cassovia in which Battel fell 50000 Men and Amurath was slain after the Fight as he was viewing the Field by a wounded Servian who rose from the Dead Bodies and stabb'd him to Revenge the Death of Lazarus his Master who was slain here too In 1420. Amurath Sultan of the Turks made an Invasion on George Despote of Servia called the Rascian took Nevomento Scopia and Sinderovia with two of the Despote's Sons put out their Eyes and cut off their Genitals and Married their Sister for her great Beauty In 1427. the Servians were reduced by the same Prince in 1454. they were again reduced and have since that time been subject to the Ottoman Port. The Places of Note in Servia are Belgrade Cap. Bish Semendria Bish Nissa Scopia Archb. I. Belgrade Belgrade or Grischish-Weissemburg Lat. Alba Graeca and Alba Bulgarica is seated a little below the Confluence of the Save and Danube very considerable for its greatness and for its situation upon a Hill which renders it extraordinary strong Some do take it for the old Taurinum but that was too far from the Confluent of the Save and Danube to be the same with Belgrade There is more likelihood that the latter being increased by the Ruin of the other its Neighbourhood made it to be taken for the same City Belgrade is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Antivari Amurath II. lost a Victorious Army before it in 1439. and Mahomet II. his Son lost another Army of 250000 Men before it in 1456. which the brave Huniades ruin'd by this Stratagem he suffered a Party of the Turks to enter the Town and whilst they were plundering sallied out and took their Cannon turned them against themselves killed 40000 of them and forc'd the rest to an inglorious flight leaving all their Baggage and Ammunition behind In 1521. Soliman the Magnificent took it after two Months Siege Lewis King of Hungary being then but 15 Years of Age and the other Christian Princes being ingaged in a Mutual War It was for many Years after neglected by the Turks but in 1686. they begun to refortifie it after the loss of Buda In 1688. the Emperor sent the Duke of Bavaria against it with a Potent Army he forced his way over the Save Aug. 8. and defeated 6000 of the best of the Turkish Troops on the Tenth he March'd toward Belgrade whereupon the Turks set Fire to the Lower Town and abandon'd it tho' they had 20000 Men Incamp'd and a strong Work which reach'd from the Town to the Save An old Bassa was left to Command the upper Town and Castle On the 12th the Christians begun their Approaches the Turks making a Vigorous Defence but Breaches being made the Imperialists Storm'd it thrice successively at the 6th of September and at the third Assault entred the Place putting all to the Sword at first so that there were about 7000 kill'd and thrown into the Save but the Bassa and about 3000 more obtained Quarter having Chain'd 200 Christian Slaves whom they set betwixt them and the Imperialists There were 70 Pieces of Cannon with a vast deal of Plunder tho' the Inhabitants had been removing their Effects a long tsme and a 1000 Boats went down the River the Day before the lower Town was Burnt The Christians had about 4000 killed and wounded in this Siege In 1690. the Emperor being Attack'd by the French King upon the Rhine the prime
Visier sat down before Belgrade Octob. 3. with 60000 Men. The Garrison consisted of 6000 Men well provided who made a Gallant Defence and killed abundance of Turks but on the 8th a Bomb falling into the Magazine blew it up with 1700 Germans going to Mount the Guard and set Fire to the other Magazines blew up part of the Walls and filled the Ditches so that the Enemy entred by whole Squadrons and put all to the Sword The Fire destroyed the Town and Castle and only the Governour with 300 of the Garrison escaped He was afterwards brought to his Tryal for not having done his part but acquitted Since that time the Turks have refortified this City It stands 165 Miles S. E. of Buda 160 S. W. of Hermanstadt 230 N. W. of Sofia 280 S. E. of Vienna and 540 almost W. of Constantinople Long. 42 d. 24 m. Lat. 45 d. 20 m. II. Semenbria Semenbria is a City and Bishoprick on the Danube 24 Miles E. of Belgrade The Turks took it in 1690. from the Imperialists III. Nissa Nissa is a very considerable City upon the River Nichawa It is strong by its situation capable of being improved and has five Mosques The Country round it is very fruitful and pleasant This City is memorable for the defeat of the Turks by the Imperialists on the 24th of September in 1689. under Prince Lewis of Baden whereupon all Servia and Albania submitted to the Emperor as did also the Town nextday after the Victory but it was retaken by the Turks in 1690. after a Siege of three Weeks It stands 140 Miles S. E. of Belgrade Long. 45 d. 5 m. Lat. 43 d. 53 m. IV. Scopia or Uscopia Scopia or Vscopia which Sanson places in Bulgaria is a large City at the foot of Mount Orbelus on the River Veratazar near the Borders of Macedonia partly on Hills partly on Plains in a pleasant Country It was at first a Bishop's See but is now an Archbishop's and is a pleasant populous and trading City There are in it 700 Tanners many fair Houses and some handsom Sepulchral Monuments The best Houses are richly furnished with Carpets to tread on finely painted This City in the Year 1689. was taken by Picolomini for the Emperor of Germany it being deserted by the Bassa and its Inhabitants The Germans said it was as big as Prague in Bohemia and had 60000 Inhabitants and 400 Jews but being open and only walled and taken late in the Year the Imperialists plunder'd it and burnt it down to the Ground It stands 60 Miles S. E. of Nissa 66 almost W. of Sofia and nigh 200 S. E. of Belgrade Long. 45 d. 48 m. Lat. 43 d. Article VIII Rascia SOme Geographers include Rascia in the Kingdom of Hungary others in Servia and others in Sclavonia I shall follow neither of them but make it a distinct Province according to Sanson's Maps Rascia is a Principality bounded on the N. by the River Drave that separates it from the Kingdom of Hungary on the E. by the Danube on the S. by the Save that divides it from Servia and Bosnia and on the W. by Sclavonia The Places of Note in Rascia are Peter Waradin Esseck Swernick I. Peter-Waradin Peter-Waradin or Petro-Waradin called by the Inhabitants Petrowar Lat. Acuminium or Petro-Varadin is situate on the Danube between the Save and the Drave and has been very famous during the present War The Turks made it their common passage into upper Hungary after the Emperors Forces had made themselves Masters of Buda and for that purpose kept a Bridge of Boats over the Danube here the Revolt and Mutiny against the prime Visier after the Battel of Mohats happened here whereby that General was forc'd to fly for his Life to Belgrade and thence to Constantinople It has since been taken and retaken by both Parties Its Fortifications were blown up by the Imperialists in 1688. and the Town quite burnt down a little after But the Emperor in 1691. begun to refortify it and intends to make it a place of great strength It stands 32 Miles N. W. of Belgrade and 36 S. E. of Esseck Long. 41 d. 55 m. Lat. 45 d. 38 m. II. Esseck Esseck is a Town upon the Drave which has been very famous in the Present Wars betwixt the Turks and Imperialists The Town stands low and the Streets are plank'd with Trees Upon one side of the Gate is a part of a Roman Inscription M. Aelian c. on the other a Man's head in Stone In or near this Place Constantius defeated Magnentius the Usurper and Murtherer of Constantine II. in 359. The Town is great and populous by reason of the Trade and Commerce but not strong and therefore the Turks have of late bestowed much cost and pains in fortifying it But that which is the great wonder is the Wooden Bridge 8585 Geometrical paces long and 17. broad running over the Drave over a long Marsh and the River Fenns from the City to the Fort of Darda which is on the other side in the lower Hungary It was built by Soliman the Magnificent in 1521. as soon as he had taken Belgrade and has Rails on both sides with Towers of Wood at every quarter of a Mile Count Nicholas Serini burnt part of it in 1664. which necessitated the Turks to build that part a little nearer the Danube because they could not without great charges and difficulty pluck up the remainder of the Trees which the Water had preserved from the Fire By this Bridge the Turkish Armies used to pass between Hungary and Constantinople Near this Place the Unfortunate Lewis King of Hungary was defeated in 1526. in attempting to stop Soliman's passage into his Kingdom Count Lessy burnt this Bridge a second time in 1685. and possess'd himself of the Town of Esseck but the Castle holding out he blew up their Magazines plunder'd the Town and left it In 1686. The Turks began to build it after another manner by driving rows of Trees into the Earth and filling up the space with Earth that it might not be subject to be ruin'd by Fire But the Duke of Lorrain destroyed it in 1687. drove the Turks over the Drave and in a few days entirely ruined what 8000 men had been many Months a Building After the taking of Belgrade the Turks sat down with an Army of 15000 Men before this place but retired without success in 1690. It stands 65 Miles N. W. of Belgrade and 100 S. E. of Buda Long. 41 d. 25 m. Lat. 46 d. 4 m. III. Swernick Swernick is a great City with a considerable Pass on the River Trina near the Confines of Bosnia 28 Miles E. of Saraiâ— It was taken by the Imperialists Octob. 15. 1688. Article IX Bosnia BOsnia or Bossina is a Province of Europe formerly a Kingdom Bounds It is situated betwixt the Rivers Vnna Save and Drina and took its name from the River Bosna It Borders Servia on the East Dalmatia on the South
Croatia on the West and Sclavonia and Rascia on the North. History This Country was anciently part of Pannonia conquered since by the Goths and at last by the Sclavonians Tributaries who becoming Tributaries and subjects to the Hungarians Bosnia had the same Fate It consisted then only of one Province which has since had Princes of its own Mahomet II. seized it in 1463. and Flead Stephen the last King of Bosnia In 1688. at the same time that the Duke of Bavaria marched to the Siege of Belgrade Prince Lewis of Baden went with a strong Detachment of Germans and Hungarians to the Conquest of Bosnia The Croatians having Orders to join with him the 14th of August his Army passed the River Vnna tho' the Bassa opposed him with 15000 Men after which he took Castanovitza which is a Castle of three strong Towers and a Wall according to the ancient way of Fortification and seated on the Vnna between Croatia and Bosnia which yielded without resistance The 15th the Army went towards Gradisca which was set on fire and deserted as was also Debitza and Jassenovitz and 3000 Turks were intercepted and cut off near the former The 25th he marched toward Brod the Croats being sent home in order to reinforce the Siege of Belgrade but finding the Bassa had still a considerable Body of Men he resolved to disperse them before he went The Bassa lay then at Terwent five Hungarian Miles from Brod and the 4th of September he marched towards him in the Night with a Body of 3000 German Horse without any Foot The 5th by break of Day they fell upon the Enemies Camp 15000 strong and defeated their Horse and of 7000 Foot which could not so well shift 5000 were slain and 2000 taken with the loss of 150 Christians upon which Bagnaluca the last Town yielded to Prince Lewis and since that the Germans are become Masters of all the other Places and have reconquered the whole Province The Principal places of this Province are Sari or Bosna Saray Cap. Iswornick Ternovitza Bagnialuck or Bagnaluca Kretno Jaickza or Yetze Debitza or Dobicza Jassenovitz Tina I. Sari Sari or Bosna-Saray is seated upon the River Miglazza and is accounted now the principal City of Bosnia which honour belong'd formerly to Jaitza and then to Warbosaum and stands 50 Miles S. W. of Peter-Waradin and 175 S. of Buda Long. 40 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 10 m. II. Jaykza Jaycza Gieza or Gaitia formerly the Capital City of Bosnia is a mighty strong City and Castle seated on the River Plena This City was recovered by the King of Hungary in 1463. from the Turks who endeavoured to retake it the same year without success but they took it afterwards and made it the seat of a Sangiack or Governour It stands 42 Miles E. of Wihitz 60 almost N. of Bagnialuck 82 Miles N. E. of Zara and 154 almost S. of Buda Long. 39 d. 15 m. Lat. 45 d. 22 m. Article X. Sclavonia UNder the name of Sclavonia the ancients comprehended Hungary Sclavonia propria Croatia Ancient Extent Dalmatia Bosnia Servia Rascia and Bulgaria reaching from the River Drave to the Gulph of Venice Modern Bounds But by Sclavonia at present is only meant that part of the ancient Pannonia which is bounded by the Drave on the North Rascia on the East the Save on the South and Germany Extent on the West It is 32 German Miles in length and 12 in breadth It is said to have had its name from the Slavi an ancient People who came from Scythia in the time Name of the Emperor Justinian History and having seized Istria and all Grecia founded the Kingdom of Poland under Lechus and that of Moravia under Zechus Anno 550. they were beat out of Greece by Constantine And in 783. they were kept under by Lewis the Pious In 807. they embraced Christianity by the Preaching of one Methodius The Emperor Lewis II. had War with them about 858. as also the Emperor Otho in 960. They infested Canute and Sueno Kings of the Danes in the Xth Century but Walduner overcame them in 1161. Anno 1200. Canute the Dane overcame the Marquess of Brandenburg who had possest himself of Sclavonia and after this the Sclavonians became Tributaries to the Hungarians They were most of them of the Roman Church Religion Language but performed their Worship in their own Language which was formerly very extensive and spoken in more places than any other living Tongue in Europe and is yet tho' in different Dialects from the Adriatick Gulf to the Northern Ocean by the Istrians Dalmatians Bosnians Moravians Bohemians Lusatians Silesians Poles Lithuanians Prussians Scandinavians and Russians almost as far as Constantinople and much used among the Turks In 1504. this Country was subdued by Solyman the Magnificent Government in 1687. after the Turks were defeated at Mohatz their Army Mutiny'd against the Grand Visier and the Turks deserting it the whole Country except Gradisca submitted to the Emperor This Country is very fruitful and has many Mines Quality Manners the People are so enamoured with War that they often pray they may die with their Swords in their Hands The most remarkable Places here are Posega Gradisca Sopia Novigrad Kopranitz Warasdin Brodt I. Posega Posega the Capital City of Sclavonia is a Place of an indifferent strength but of great Commerce It has 400 Villages depending upon it and consists of about 1000 Houses The Country about it is very fruitful producing fruits of all sorts of an extraordinary size It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists in 1687. The Bey made at first some resistance but after having fired some Cannon he abandoned the Place part of the Garrison retired to the Mountains and the rest into different places upon the Save The Germans found in it a great quantity of Ammunition and Provision with five Pieces of Cannon This City stands on the River Oriana 120 Miles S. of Buda 126 W. of Belgrade and 185 S. E. of Vienna Long. 39 d. 42 m. Lat. 45 d. 46 m. II. Gradisca Gradiska is a strong Town seated upon the River Save toward the Frontiers of Croatia It was taken from the Turks by the Imperialists under the Command of the Duke of Croy in 1691. It stands 30 Miles almost W. of Posega Long. 39 d. Lat. 45 d. 39 m. III. Brodt Brodt is a small Town 15 Miles S. of Posega famous for a Victory Prince Lewis of Baden gained over the Turks in 1688. Article XI Croatia CRoatia has the Title of a Kingdom and comprehended formerly all between the Drave and the Sea of Dalmatia Bounds and was divided into three parts but now that is called Croatia that lies between Bosnia on the East the Gulf of Venice on the South Germany on the West and Sclavonia on the North Croatia is called Krabatin by the Germans Name Manners and Corbavia in Latin The People of this Province are good
24 Miles S. E of Sebenico VI. Spalatro Spalatro Lat. Spalatum or Palatium Dioclesiani and Salona Nova is very Strong Rich and Populous and an Archbishops See Its name seems to be a Corruption of Palatium because it was in former times the Palace of Dioclesian who was born at Salona about a League from Spalatro This City is well-fortified and about a Musquet shot from the East Gate there is a Fort built upon high Ground which commands the City Here is also a very spacious and convenient Harbour The Venetians have but a small Garrison there as trusting in their Fort of Clissa there being no passage from Turkey to this City but under the Cannon of that Place The Cathedral of this City was of old a Temple that stood in the midst of Dioclesian's Palace Since this Temple was changed into a Church they have broken through the Wall to make a Quire to it and made several Windows in it for before it received light only by the Gate or Door according to the Custom of the Heathens who commonly made their Temples all dark to render their Mysteries the more venerable by the borrowed light of many Torches and Lamps The Walls of Dioclesian's Palace which contain the two thirds of the City are in a manner whole and intire and make an exact square with a Gate in the midst of each side The Country round this Place is very fruitful and all Provisions very Cheap It stands 30 Miles S. E. of Sebenico 74 S. E. of Zara and 92 N. W. of Ragusi Long. 38 d. 50 m. Lat. 44 d. VII Salona Salona is a City on the Gulph of Venice now ruined by the Sclavonians but formerly was a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Spalatro and much mentioned in ancient Writers and more particularly famous for the Retreat of the Emperor Dioclesian The Venetians have built a Castle near its ruins which stands five Miles N. of Spalatro VIII Clissa Clissa is a strong Fort 10 Miles N. E. of Spalatro and 34 almost W. of Sebenico IX Scardona Scardona is seated upon the River Kerka in Latin Tilius which compasseth a great part of it so as to make it a kind of Peninsula It is about seven Miles from the Adriatick Sea with a Bishops See under the Archbishop of Spalatro It was formerly a famous City and the Capital of the Turkish Dalmatia It is still considerable In the year 1683. the Morlacks of Croatia took it from the Turks and General Valier put a good Garrison into it for the Venetians after that he had put the place into a condition of being a Bulwark against the Incursions of the Infidels It is about 30 Miles almost N. of Sebenico X. Narenza Narenza or Narenca Lat. Naro is seated on the Gulf at Venice and belongs to the Turks it was formerly very considerable and the Capital of Dalmatia but at present it is in a manner wholly ruined It has a Bishop Suffragan of Ragusi The Venetians took it in 987. and the Turks in 1479. It stands 44 Miles N. of Ragusa XI Trebigni or Trebigna Trebigna is a small and inconsiderable but very Ancient City with a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Ragusa subject to the Turks It stands 20 Miles almost N. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 2 m. Lat. 43 d. 10 m. XII Castel-Nuovo Castel-Nuovo is a Town of the Dutchy of St. Saba or of the Province of Herzegovine seated upon the Canal of Cattaro three Leagues from its Mouth and over-against the Eastern Sea The Castle of Salimanega which is joined to the place on the North-side is built upon a very rocky place and is commanded by the Mountain of St. Veneranda whence also the Tower of Fastagick which is partly built upon the Rock and partly upon the joining Ground can be batter'd This great Tower was used by the Turks as a Magazine for Powder The high Fortress called Goringrad is 650. paces from the Town on the Northern side and this may be batter'd to pieces from the top of Mont-slichi which is nigh it This place was Attacked in 1538. by the Pope the Emperor's and Venetian Army and taken by them and Garrisoned with Spaniards but they put three Colours into it one for the Pope one for the Emperor and a third for the Republick They did not enjoy it long for the very next Year Barbarossa came into the Channel with 90 Galleys and 30 Fustes and having landed 80 Pieces of Cannon and some Men that were joined by the Sangiac of the Province he Battered the Place and carried it by Assault The Spaniards sustained a great Loss on this occasion for there were 4000 of them either killed or put to Irons The Venetians endeavoured to retake it in 1572. but were forc'd to give over the Enterprize yet have at last made themselves Masters of it in 1687. jointly with the Pope's Troops and those of the Order of Malta which fell out thus Count Herbestein Great Prior of Hungary and General of the Gallies of Malta and Commander of the Pope's Seven Gallies received Orders from the Pope to join the Venetian Army in the Morea commanded by the Generalissimo Morosini to undertake some considerable Enterprize in Dalmatia which he did upon the 7th of August 1687. and with the General Cornaro resolved upon the Siege of Castel-Nuovo this Resolution was put in Execution the 2d of September the 29th the Turks quitted the Town and the next Morning those of the Castle yielded upon condition that they might have with them what they could carry upon their Backs with Vessels to Transport them into Albania all which was executed the 2d of October the Turks came out being 9000 well-arm'd and about a 1000 Women and Children Castel-Nuovo stands 12 Miles W. of Cattaro Long. 41 d. 26 m. Lat. 42 d. 38 m. XIII Cattaro Cattaro or Catarro called by Latin Authors Catharum or Cathara which Le Noir takes to be the Ascrivium of Ptolomy and Pliny is seated upon a Gulf to which it gives its name and is defended by a Castle Built upon a Hill with a Bishoprick Suffragan of Ragusi This City belongs to the Venetians the Turks have often attempted it but to no purpose It stands 50 Miles S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 40 m. Lat. 42 d. 36 m. XIV Budoa Budoa is situated upon the Sea betwixt the Gulph of Cattaro and the City of Dulcigno Pliny Ptolomy and Stephanus of Byzantium have made mention of it under the Name of Butua Bulua Buthaer Alexandro Donato having Cowardly yielded Antivari to the Turks in 1571. Augustin Pasqualigo surrendred Budoa whereof he was Governour but was not blamed because of the weakness of the Place Zacharias Salomoni Governour of Cattano having retook it soon after with the Land ana Sea Forces the Republick of Venice took care to fortifie it so that though it is a small Place yet it is very Regular It suffered much in 1667. by an Earthquake but great care was taken to
Repair the Ruins caused by this Accident This Town is a Bishop's See Suffragan of Antivari and stands 8 Miles N. W. of that City Long. 41 d. 44 m. Lat. 48 d. 54 m. XV. Antivari Antivari Lat. Antibarum which some take to be the Ancient Doclea is seated upon the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice of a Bishoprick created into a Archbishoprick by Pope Alexander II. with 10 Suffragans in 1062. It has since fallen under the Tyranny of the Turks It stands 60 Miles S. E. of Ragusi Long. 41 d. 42 m. Lat. 43 d. 15 m. XVI Dolcigna Scutari Dolcigno or Dulcigno and Scutari or Scodra were formerly reckoned in Dalmatia but belong now-a-days to the Kingdom of Albania of which we shall Treat in the next Section Of the Republick of Ragusi RAgusi or Ragusa is a City and Republick upon the Gulf of Venice with an Archbishop's See Some Authors esteem it to be the same with the Ancient Epidaurus but others will have the Ruins of that City to be on the other side in a place called Ragusi Vecchio However it be this City which the Selavonians call Dobronich is very well Built It s situation is upon a Rock so high on one side and craggy that 't is a Covert to it and on the other side it stretches along a little Tongue of Land where 't is washed by the Sea Near this City is the Fort of St. Lawrence and a Port. It 's Inhabited by many Merchants and the best peopled place in Dalmatia The Government of it is almost like unto that of the Republick of Venice It 's true that the fear of losing their Liberty is so great that it obliges them to change their Duke or Governour every Month and to continue their Officers in their Posts but for six Weeks wherefore Gentlemen cannot wear a Sword nor lye abroad without informing the Senate therewith and in the Night time Strangers and especially Turks are lock'd up in their Lodgings by them Moreover the Gates of the City are never open but for three or four Hours by Day in Summer time and not above an Hour and a half in Winter The Ragusians pay Tribute to the Turks whom they fear to the Venetians whom they hate to the Pope Emperor and King of Spain upon consideration Ragusia or the Country of Ragusa is but inconsiderable comprehending no more than the Town of that Name Stagno and two or three Villages This City is very much subject to Earthquakes and had terrible shocks in 1637. and 1667. The Senate of Ragusa is composed of Sixty Senators whereof Forty at least must meet together when they assemble for Judgment Civil Matters at the Commencement of the Suit are brought before Six of the Senate from whom there is an Appeal to the College of Thirty who are no Senators and if the Decrees be for Sums exceeding 500 Crowns the Appeals are finally determin'd by the Senate Their Judicial Proceedings are in Latin but they plead in Italian or the Language of the Country Criminal Affairs are judged by an Officer from whom there is an Appeal to a Jurisdiction composed of Six Senators and if the Sentence be confirm'd there the Affair is terminated but if otherwise the Senate takes Cognizance thereof and Judges it As to Politick Affairs of lesser Importance the Governour with Six of the Senate decides them and these Six Senators exercise that Charge a Year Ragusa stands 82 Miles N. W. of Scutari 160 S. E. of Jaicza 165 S. E. of Zara and 168 S. W. of Belgrade Long. 40 d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 3 m. Stagno Stagno Lat. Stagnum is a small City and Sea-Port belonging to the Commonwealth of Ragusa with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of that City from which it stands 18 Miles almost N. W. Long. 40. d. 40 m. Lat. 43 d. 18 m. THE MARTIAL-FIELD OF EUROPE SECT VI. Greece Lat. Graecia THIS Country which the Turks now a days call Rumelia Name derives its ancient Name of Greece from a certain King call'd Graecus Another King whose name was Hellen gave it the name of Hellas and its People that of Hellenes But the name of Greece is taken variously for at first it comprehended only two little Countries of which the one was called Thessalia and the other Hellas or Greece properly so called Afterwards Epirus Macedon Achaia the Peloponnesus as also the Islands round about that extremity of the Continent received the name of Greece Besides that the name of Great Greece was given to Sicily and the lower part of Italy And lastly the name spread it self into the Continent of Neighbouring Asia which was called Asiatick Greece Greece properly so called which we are now to describe is bounded on the North by a long Chain of the Mountains Mariani Bounds which separate it from Romania Bulgaria and Servia on the West by the Adriatick and Jonian Seas on the South by the Mediterranean Sea and on the East by the Archipelago or White-Sea formerly Mare Aegeum It stretches from the 42 d. Situation 30 m. to the 49 d. 30 m. of Longitude and from the 34 d. 40 m. to the 43 d. of Northern Latitude Extent so that its Extent W. and E. is about 420 Miles and about 500 S. and N. Ancient Division Greece was formerly divided into six part viz. 1. Peloponnesus 2. Epirus 3. Greece Proper 4. Thessaly 5. Macedon 6. The Islands Greece properly so called or Hellas was subdivided into Aetolia Doris Phocis Attica Megaria Baeotia and the Country of the Locri. Modern Division Greece at this Day is divided into seven parts viz. six large Provinces and the Islands 1. Albania on the Adriatick Sea or Gulph of Venice 2. Epirus on the Jonian Sea 3. Macedon On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 4. Thessaly On the Aegean Sea or Archipel or White Sea 5. Achaia 6. Morea a Peninsule on the South of Achaia environ'd with the Jonian Cretian or of Sapienza and Aegean Seas 7. The Islands The six first have preserved their ancient Names except Morea formerly called Peloponnesus and Albania formerly part of Epirus The Air is here generally mild temperate and wholesom Quality The Soil extreamly fruitful in all necessaries as Corn excellent Wine and Fruits the most exquisite in the whole World There are also very good Pastures that feed abundance of Cattel and the Woods are stock'd with Fowl and Deer The Ancient Greeks had the advantage over all other Nations for Learning Ancient Inhabitants Their Wit Bravery and Wisdom They were the Inventors of Arts and Improvers of Sciences and as they were renowned for Learning so were they no less fam'd for their Military Prowess Courage extending their Arms into several Kingdoms of the Universe so that People resorted to 'em from most parts of the World either to be instructed in the Liberal Sciences or else to learn the Art of War The Countrey was so fertile in Men of Learning
of the Castle are 17. Colums 18 Foot in circumference and proportionable in height the remainder of 300 which they say formerly belong'd to the Palace of Theseus Over the Portal yet intire is this Inscription in Greek This ancient City of Athens is certainly the City of Theseus And another within thus The City of Athens is the City of Adrian and not of Theseus Here is also the Fanari or Lantern of Demosthenes whether he retired to study in privacy It is a small Marble Tower with six Columns round it and a Lamp with branches over the Duomo which covers it whence perhaps it was called the Lantern supposed to have been dedicated to Hercules by the several Figures set in the Frises thereof combating in Lions Skins Here are also the Ruins of the Areopagus whose Glacis or Senate-House 40 paces long is supported by vast pieces cut out of the Rock and pointed like a Diamond In the midst thereof is a kind of Speakers Chair cut out of the Rock with Seats round it for the Senators Add to these the Remains of the Temple of Victory built after the Jonick Order where the Turks lay their Powder The Arsenal of Lycurgus and the Temple of Minerva both of the Dorick Order Setines was taken by Mahomet II. in 1455. but regain'd by the Venetians in 1687. It stands nigh the Gulph of Engia about 120 Miles almost N. of Misitra 160 S. E. of Larissa and 420 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 48 d. 20 m. Lat. 37 d. 25 m. II. Stives or Thebes Stives anciently called Thebes was once one of the most celebrated Cities of Greece the Capital of Baeotia the Birth place of Pindar who calls it Heptapyle by reason of its seven Gates and of the renowned General Epaminondas This City sustained great Wars against the Athenians Lacedaemonians and Macedonians it submitted to the last with reluctancy so that upon the report of Alexander the Great being Dead they revolted and sollicited their Neighbours to do the same but the Town being taken a second time it was quite destroyed not one House being left standing but that of Pindarus Cassander Antipater's Son repair'd it 20 years after and it had afterwards the Title of Archbishoprick but is now an inconsiderable Borough subject to the Turks The Venetians took it in 1687. and soon after left it again it stands 40 Miles N. W. of Setines or Athens III. Aulis Aulis is a City of Baeotia upon the Streight of Negropont famous for the Harbour that belongs to it where Agamemnon and all the Grecian Captains rendezvouz'd before they set Sail for Troy IV. Marathon Marathon called at this Day Marathona or Marason is a small Town in Attica It is famous for the Victory which 12000 Athenians under the Command of Miltiades obtained over the Persian Army of above 500000 Men Anno Rom. 264. towards the end of September V. Livadia Livadia is a Town and Castle of Achaia from which all that Principality is now called Livadia It is subject to the Turks and stands 70 Miles W. of Athens or Setines VI. Megara Megara called by the Turks Megra the Birth-place of Euclides was anciently a famous City built upon two Rocks but now one is Desolate and the other has but about 3 or 400 pitiful Cottages built one story high and close together the Walls of which are but the Ruins of the former Houses or a few Fagots covered with Clay A place at first Capital of a Monarchy under the Reign of 12 Kings than a Republick which maintained divers Wars with the Athenians and others and established a Colony in the Island of Sicily VII Delphos Delphos or Delphes is a little Village of Phocis under Mount Parnassus famous in ancient History for the Temple of Apollo whence he pronounced his Oracles VIII Lepanto Lepanto Lat. Naupactus is a City of Aetolia now Livadia a Country of Achaia called by the Turks Einebachri seated near the entrance of the Western Bay of Corinth now called the Gulph of Lepanto This City is built on the South-side of a Mountain formed like a Sugar Loaf on the top of which is a strong Castle surrounded with four strong Walls set at some distance one above the other between which Walls the Inhabitants have their Houses and by them the City is divided into four Parts The Port is very handsome and beautiful and may be secured by a Chain The Mouth of it is so strait it will hold but a few Ships and those cannot go out and in at sometimes neither for want of Water The Country round this City is pleasant and full of delightful Gardens The Wine of Lepanto is the best of all Greece but they pitch their Vessels as they do generally over all Morea and at Athens to preserve the Wine as the Germans and Hollanders are wont to Sulphurate them for the same purpose which renders the Taste at first somewhat disagreeable to Strangers The Turks have five or six Mosques here and the Greeks have two Churches one in each Suburb tho' but very small and they but few in number and ill treated for which reason their Archbishop kept his residence at Marta The Jews have three Synagogues there The Chiefest Commodities of the Place are Leather Oyl Wheat Tobacco Rice and Barley but the most considerable of all the rest is Turkey Leather In 1408. this City was under the Empire of Greece but Emanuel then Emperor assigned it to the Venetians who took care to fortifie it as it is now In 1475. Mahomet the Great the same that took Constantinople having gained Corinth besieged it with an Army of 30000 Men but was forced to raise the Siege but in 1498. Bajazet II. attack'd it with an 150000 Men and took it by the Treachery of the Venetian Governour whom he had corrupted with Money In 1687. The Venetians having in the foregoing years almost beat the Turks out of all the Morea their General Morosini landed near Patras notwithstanding all the opposition of the Seraskier whom he fought and defeated on the 24th of July and having taken Patras and the Dardanel Castle on that side he crossed to the other to Lepanto where he found the Turks making haste to empty the Place for him whereupon he took possession of it with out striking a blow and found in it 120 Pieces of Brass Cannon Lepanto stands 100 Miles S. E. of Prevesa 140 W. of Setines and 480 S. W. of Constantinople Long. 45 d. 30 m. Lat. 37 d. 25 m. IX Dardanels of Lepanto At the Entrance of the Gulph of Lepanto are two Capes about 13 or 14 Miles S. W. of Lepanto that which joins to Morea is called by the Ancients Anthirium Promontorium now adays Cape Antirio and has a little Fortress called the Castle of Morea or of Patras The other that joins to Achaia is called by Strabo Rhium Promontorium vulgarly Cape Rio and has also a little Fort called Castle of Romelia These two Castles are also called Dardanels of Lepanto
4. Corinthia 5. Elis or Elea or Cauconia 6. Laconia 7. Messenia 8. Sicyonis Now-a-days Morea according to Baudrand Moreri and all Modern Geographers is divided into four Provinces viz. I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza Chiarenza Archb. II. Belvedere Modon Bish III. Zaconia or Braccio di Maina Malvasia Archb. IV. Saccania or Romania Minor Napoli di Romania Archb. Article I. The Dutchy of Chiarenza THIS Dutchy Borders the Gulph of Lepanto on the North Bounds Sacconia on the East Zaconia and Belvedere on the South and the Jonian Sea on the West it contains the old Achaia Proper Sicyonis and Corinthia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Rio. 2. Cape Chiarenza formerly Araxus Promontorium 3. Cape Torneso formerly Chelonates Promontorium The most Remarkable Towns here are Patras Archb. Cap. Chiarenza or Clarence Caminitza Bish Castel-Torneso I. Patras Patras is a very Ancient and Flourishing City called by the Turks Badra and Balabutra it is seated near Cape Rio on the North side of a Mountain on the top of which stands a good Fortress 18 Miles almost S. of Lepanto and 120 N. W. of Misitra Long. 45 d. 40 m. Lat. 37 d. 20 m. It is the Capital of the Dutchy of Chiarenza and an Archbishoprick Towards the beginning of the Roman Monarchy this City had a great number of Inhabitants by reason both of its commodious Situation for Trade and of the Fertility of its Soil It is about five Miles distant from the Gulf that bears its Name where it has a good Sea-port called Panormus which the Emperor Augustus chused for the Retreat of his Navy and for that Reason made the Inhabitants of Patras Citizens of Rome and granted them several Immunities and Priviledges which gave occasion to the Romans to call this City Augusta Aroe Patrensis The Goddess Diana was worshipped here under the Name of Diana Latria and had a yearly Sacrifice offered her of a young Man and a Maid pickt out of the handsomest in all the City This Superstitious and Bloody Sacrifice continued till Euripiles came to Patras and was made a Christian Convert by the Apostle St. Andrew Patras is now very well peopled especially with Jews who drive a great Trade there with the Grecians of the Neighbouring Islands and the English and French Merchants It s Air is none of the wholesomest by reason of the Neighbouring Mountains covered with Snow almost all the Year round and of the Waters that surround it This City with the Territory belonging to it was formerly in the Possession of the Despotes of Greece the last of which not being able to keep it against the Turks sold it in 1408. to the Republick of Venice The Turks took it from the Venetians in 1463. but in 1533. they retook it from the Turks under the Command of General Doria The next Year after the Turks expelled the Venetians who took it again in 1687. after their General Morosini had given the Turks a considerable overthrow in its Neighbourhood II. Chiarenza Chiarenza which is thought to be the Ancient Cyllene stands on the right side of the River Inachus called by Ptolomy Penaeus Fluvius upon a Hill near the Gulph of Patras It has been a famous City and the Capital of the Dukedom of the same Name under its own Princes The Venetians made themselves Masters of it when it was still in a pretty good condition But it is now so extreamly changed that there is scarce any thing to be seen besides its Ditches and some miserable Vestiges of what it has been It s Port which was capable of many good Ships is now filled up with Sands It stands about 25 Miles S. W. of Patras III. Caminitza Caminitza called by Strabo and Ptolomy Olenus and by Pliny Olenum stands three Miles from the Gulph of Patras on the right Bank of the little River Pirus betwixt the Cape of Chiarenza and Patras at an equal distance from each It owes its Foundation to Olenus Son of Vulcan but tho' it has been a great City with a Bishop's See Suffragan of the Archbishoprick of Patras it is now reduced to a small inconsiderable Borough IV. Castel-Tornese Castel-Tornese called by the Turks Clemontzi is a little Town near the Cape of Tornese in the Dutchy of Chiarenza or according to others in the Province of Belvedere Built upon a heighth that overlooks a great Countrey round about betwixt the Gulf of Chiarenza and that of Arcadia called before Chelonates about three Miles from the Sea After the taking of Patras in 1687. Morosini summoned this Place which the Aga delivered presently Article II. Belvedere THIS Province Borders the River Carbon on the North Bounds which separates it from Chiarenza Zaconia or Braccio di Maina on the East the Sea of Sapienza on the South and that of Ionia on the West It contains the old Provinces of Elis and Messenia The most famous Capes Capes here are 1. Cape Jardan formerly Ichctus Promontorium 2. Cape di Sapienza or Cape Gallo antiently Acritas Promontorium The Places of Note in this Province are Modon Bish Cap. Coron Calamata Navarin I. Modon MOdon called by the Turks Mutum anciently Methone is in that part of Peloponnesus formerly called Messenia It is a strong rich and trading City with a Bishop's See under the Archbishop of Patras It s Seat is very advantagious being upon a Cape of the Sea of Sapienza at the Foot of which is a fair and good Port. This City was the ordinary Residence of the Sangiac or Governour of Morea for the Grand Seignior It has at several times undergone several Revolutions The Emperor Trajanus granted it great Priviledges which were confirmed upon it by Constantine the Great In 1124. the Venetians made themselves Masters of it under the Doge Domenico Michiole but the Emperor of Constantinople retook it the next Year after In 1204. upon the Division of the Empire it fell again into the Possession of the Venetians from whom it was taken by Leo Veteran a famous Pyrate of Genoa This Usurper did not enjoy it long for being taken in the Hellespont he was brought to Corfu where he suffered an Ignominious Death which so frighted his Party that the Captains Dandolo and Promalino made themselves Masters of Modon without any opposition In 1498. Bajazet II. laid Siege to it with an Army of 150000 Men and took it after a sharp Battel with the Army of the Venetians which came to relieve it In 1659. Morosini the Venetian General took it from the Turks but they regained it in the end of the Candian War In 1686. the Venetian Arms again prevailed to deliver this noble and strong City out of the Hands of the Infidels They found in it 90 Pieces of Cannon Modon stand 15 Miles S. W. of Coron and 70 almost W. of Cape Matapan Long. 40 d. Lat. 34 d. 58 m. II. Coron Coron has a strong and commodious situation on the left side of Cape Gallo called by Ptolomy Acritas Promontorium
Brassaw Pag. 193 D. DAgno or Ducagini Pag. 228 Dalem Pag. 41 Dampvilliers Pag. 54 Darda Pag. 190 Darmstadt Pag. 93 Demetriada Pag. 238 Delphos Pag. 243 Deux-Ponts or Zweybruck Pag. 94 Diest Pag. 34 Dinant Pag. 46 Dixmude oa Dixmuyde Pag. 19 Dolcigno or Dulcigno Pag. 228 Dortmund Pag. 116 Doway or Douay Pag. 18 Dunkirk Pag. 16 Durazzo Pag. 229 Durbuy Pag. 55 Duren or Dueren Pag. 114 Durlach Pag. 84 Dusseldorp Pag. 116 Duysburg Pag. 112 E. ELbassan Pag. 230 Elna Pag. 163 Emboli or Amphipolis Pag. 234 Emmerick Pag. 110 Enghien Pag. 62 Ensisheim Pag. 81 Esche Pag. 53 Escluse or Sluys Pag. 21 Esperie Pag. 179 Esseck or Osseck Pag. 206 Eyndenhoven Pag. 28 F. FArsa or Pharsalus Fauquemont or Falkemburg Pag. 42 Ferette or Pfirt Pag. 81 Flerus Pag. 51 Flix Pag. 158 Florennes Pag. 46 Fountaine L'Eveque Pag. 62 Fort de Schenck Pag. 113 Fossano Pag. 139 Franckendal Pag. 89 Friburg Pag. 83 Furnes Pag. 19 G. GAnd or Ghent Pag. 10 Gelders Pag. 39 Gemblours Pag. 54 Geneva Pag. 130 Gengenbach Pag. 84 Gennep Pag. 111 Girona Pag. 161 Giula Pag. 177 Gradisca Pag. 211 Gran or Strigonium Pag. 185 Grave Pag. 27 Gravelines Pag. 17 Grimberg Pag. 101 H. HAguenaw Pag. 80 Halle Pag. 62 Hamont Pag. 47 Heilderberg Pag. 88 Helmont Pag. 28 Herk Pag. 47 Hermanstadt Pag. 192 Hâ—sdin Pag. 68 Hermanstein Pag. 100 Hâ—rne Pag. 46 Hunningen Pag. 81 Huy Pag. 45 I. IAieza Pag. 209 Javarin or Raab Pag. 187 Jazy or Jassy Pag. 197 St. Jean de Maurienne Pag. 128 Jeniza or Zuchria Pag. 234 Jeno or Geno Pag. 180 Ingelheim Pag. 91 Ipres or Ypres Pag. 15 Judoigne Pag. 33 Juliers Pag. 114 Ivrea Pag. 136 K. KAllo Pag. 181 Kaminieck Pag. 195 Kanisca or Canisa Pag. 187 Keisers-Lautern Pag. 90 Keiserswerd Pag. 107 Kilia Nova Pag. 198 Komare or Comorra Pag. 186 L. Landaw Pag. 79 Landrechies Pag. 60 Larissa Pag. 236 Larta Pag. 231 Lens Pag. 70 Lepanto Pag. 243 Lerida Pag. 158 Lessines Pag. 61 Leuwe Pag. 32 Leige or Luyck Pag. 44 Liere Pag. 34 Lille or l'Isle Pag. 15 Lillo Pag. 29 Limburg Pag. 41 Liques Pag. 70 Livadia Pag. 242 Louvain Pag. 31 Luxemburg Pag. 52 M. Maesyck Pag. 47 Maestricht Pag. 28 Maina Pag. 257 Maisiers or Massieres Pag. 54 Malines or Mechlin Pag. 37 Malvasia or Nopoli di Malvasia Pag. 254 Manheim Pag. 89 Manresa Pag. 160 Marathen Pag. 242 Marienbourg Pag. 61 Masserano Pag. 134 Maubeuge Pag. 60 St. Maura Pag. 263 Mayence or Mentz Pag. 97 Megara Pag. 242 Meurs Pag. 111 Misitra or Lacedemon Pag. 255 Modon Pag. 251 Mohachz Pag. 189 Molsheim Pag. 79 Monaco Pag. 148 Moncalier Pag. 141 Mondovi Pag. 138 Mons Pag. 57 Monstiers or Moustiers Pag. 128 Monblancq Pag. 159 Montgatz Pag. 178 Montmedy Pag. 54 Montmelian Pag. 127 Mont-Royal Pag. 95 Mulhausen Pag. 82 N. Namur Pag. 49 Napoli de Malvasia Pag. 254 Narenza or Narenta Pag. 218 Navarin Pag. 253 Negropont Pag. 271 Newenburg Pag. 83 Newhausel Pag. 173 Nâ—â—â—â—â—â—k Pag. 194 Newport Pag. 13 Newstadt Pag. 90 Nice or Nizza Pag. 147 Nigepoli or Nicopolis Pag. 201 Ninove Pag. 14 Nissa Pag. 204 Nivelle Pag. 32 Nona Pag. 215 Novigrad in Hungary Pag. 179 Nuys Pag. 107 O. Oberwesel Pag. 101 Ochrida Pag. 230 Oczakow Pag. 198 Offenburg Pag. 83 St. Omers Pag. 67 Oneglia Pag. 148 Oppenheim Pag. 80 Orchias Pag. 20 Ostend Pag. 13 Orsoy Pag. 112 Orbassan Pag. 141 Ostend Pag. 30 Oudenard Pag. 14 Owar Pag. 189 P. Palota Pag. 190 Panormo Pag. 231 Passava Pag. 257 Patras Pag. 248 Pernes Pag. 71 Perpignan Pag. 163 Pest Pag. 179 Peter-Waradin Pag. 206 Pfortzheim Pag. 85 Pharsalus Pag. 237 Philipville Pag. 61 Philipsburg Pag. 93 Pignerol Pag. 145 Pollind Pag. 229 Posega Pag. 211 Presbourg or Posan Pag. 173 Prevesa Pag. 231 Pruym Pag. 101 Puicerda Pag. 161 Q. Quesnoy Pag. 59 Queyras Pag. 140 Quiers or Chieri Pag. 140 Quinque-Ecclesiae or Funff-Kirken Pag. 188 R. Raab or Javarin Pag. 187 Ragusa Pag. 220 Ravesteyn Pag. 27 and 118 Rees Pag. 111 Remborg Pag. 42 Rhinberg Pag. 107 Rivoli Pag. 139 Roccles Pag. 59 Roermond or Ruremond Pag. 39 Rolduc Pag. 42 Roses Pag. 161 Ruffach Pag. 81 S. Salona Pag. 217 Salonichi Pag. 233 Salses Pag. 163 Salsona Pag. 159 Saluces or Saluzzo Pag. 142 Sarai Pag. 209 Sarbrugh Pag. 100 Sas-van-Ghent Pag. 22 Saverne Pag. 80 Savigliano Pag. 140 Scaros or Saros Pag. 180 Selestad Pag. 79 Scardona Pag. 217 Scorusa Pag. 237 Scutari Pag. 227 Sebenico Pag. 216 Seged or Segedin Pag. 177 Segeswar Pag. 193 Segna or Zeng Pag. 212 Semenbria Pag. 204 Siderocapsa Pag. 234 Setines or Athens Pag. 230 La Seu d'Vrgel Pag. 161 Sigeth or Zygeth Pag. 188 Silistria Pag. 201 Simmeren Pag. 91 Sluys Pag. 21 Soczow Pag. 197 Sophia or Sofia Pag. 201 Soignes Pag. 59 Spalatro Pag. 216 Spires Pag. 91 Stafarda Pag. 143 Stagno Pag. 222 Steenkirk Pag. 62 Stenay Pag. 54 Stives or Thebes Pag. 241 Strasburg Pag. 77 Strigonium or Gran Pag. 185 Susa Pag. 141 Swernick Pag. 207 T. Targovischo Pag. 199 Tarragona Pag. 157 Tarrega Pag. 159 Tekin Pag. 197 Teina Temeswar Pag. 177 Teina Pag. 148 Terouanne Pag. 70 Thienen or Tillemont Pag. 32 Thionville Pag. 53 Thonon Pag. 130 Thuin Pag. 45 Tokay Pag. 180 Tongres Pag. 48 Tortosa Pag. 158 Tournay Pag. 16 Traw Pag. 216 Trebigni Pag. 218 Treves or Triers Pag. 99 Trino Pag. 152 St. Truyen Pag. 47 Turin Pag. 138 Tyrnaw Pag. 174 V. VAlenciennes Pag. 58 Valkenburg or Fauquemont Pag. 42 Vallona Pag. 230 St. Venant Pag. 69 Venlo Pag. 39 Verceil Pag. 135 Verua Pag. 137 Vesprin or Weisbrun Pag. 187 Vianden Pag. 55 Vich Pag. 160 Vigon Pag. 140 Vihitz or Wihitz Pag. 213 Villa Franca Pag. 148 Villa Franca de Panades Pag. 157 Villa Franca de Conflent Pag. 163 Vynoxberg or Winoxberge Pag. 17 Virson Pag. 53 Vlmen Pag. 10 Vngwar Pag. 178 Vnna R. Pag. 237 Volo Pag. 237 Voidenor Pag. 238 Vscopia or Scopia Pag. 205 W. WAlcourt Pag. 46 Great-Waradin Pag. 176 Weissemburg or Alba-Julia Pag. 193 Weissemburg or Cron Weissemburg Pag. 79 Wesel Pag. 111 Wihitz or Vihitz Pag. 213 Worms Pag. 92 Wynoxberg Pag. 17 Y. YPres Pag. 15 Yseghem or Isenghien F. Yvoix Pag. 54 Z. ZAbern or Sabern Pag. 80 Zante Pag. 265 Zara Pag. 215 Zatmar Pag. 178 Zarnata Pag. 256 Zemlin Pag. 181 Zemonico Pag. 215 Zeng or Segna Pag. 212 Zolnock Pag. 176 Zulch or Zulptch Pag. 116 Zuchria Pag. 234 FINIS Books newly Printed for Tho. Salusbury at the Kings Arms near St. Dunstan's Church in Fleetstreet AN Essay against Vnequal Marriages in four Chapters 1. The Introduction 2. Against Old Persons Marrying with Young 3. Against Persons Marrying without Parents or Friends Consent 4. Against Persons Marrying without their Consent By S. Bufford Gent. in 12. bound price 1 s. 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