and made all its Inhabitants Slaves not excepting the Women and Children At the Siege of this City he was wounded on the Shoulder with an Arrow and his Leg bruis'd by the fall of a Stone He went up to Ierusalem with a Design to besiege it but the High-Priest Iaddus meeting him in his Sacerdotal Ornaments prevented his Intention for Alexander was so struck at the sight of him that he alighted off his Horse and did him Obeisance crying out That God appeared to him in the same Shape and commanded him to go and conquer Asia This High-Priest read to him the Chapter in Daniel wherein it is foretold That a Greek should conquer the Persians Which he was very well pleased at and sacrificed in the Temple offered great Oblations and gave the Iews full Toleration to live according to their Laws and Religion The next year Alexander marched with his Army into Egypt where Pelusium surrender'd to him From thence he went to Memphis where he found 800 Talents and several precious Stones belonging to the Crown From thence he marched along the Nile to the very utmost Parts of Egypt went into the Province of Cyrene and visited the Temple of Iupiter Ammon where the Oracle declared him to be the Son of Iupiter which was what Alexander's Ambition aimed at And this Extravagance sufficiently shews how far the Excess of Prosperity transports Men. After this he went in search of Darius who on his part rallied his Forces raised more and omitted nothing that might put him in a Posture for another Engagement As Alexander made his Approaches so Darius ordered his Army to march from Babylon to Nineveh the River Tigris on the Right hand and Euphrates on the Left 3619. Alexander intercepted Letters from Darius wherein he sollicited the Greeks to Assassinate their King which made him when Darius overcome by the Civility and Gentleness which Alexander shewed to his Captives the Queens of Persia sent fresh Ambassadors to him to mediate a Peace offering to give him part of his Dominions and his Daughter in Marriage return for Answer That as for what he offered him they were already his by Conquest and that he did not think it safe to make a Peace with that Man who every day sought an Opportunity of Assassinating him 331 Upon this each Army prepared for the Engagement which happened at Gangamela that lies on the River Bumela But forasmuch as Gangamela is only a small Village Historians call it the Battel of Arbela which was a considerable City and pretty near the place of the Engagement There was a dreadful Slaughter made of the Persians and thô Darius behaved himself very gallantly in this Fight yet he was forced to fly Alexander according to Quintus Curtius lost no more than 300 Men but of the Persians according to the most modest Account there were 90000 killed upon the spot and a greater Number taken Prisoners Darius fled to Arbela and was pursued by Alexander But he got thence before his arrival Alexander found wherewith to satisfy himself for his Journey thither for the most precious Jewels of the Crown to the Value of about 600000 Pounds Darius had left behind him This Battel put an end to the Monarchy of the Persians and laid the Foundation of that of the Grecian The Grecian Monarchy begins here which lasted only during Alexander's Reign 6 Years and some Months It was afterwards divided into four Kingdoms and lasted in that State till Julius Cesar was made Perpetual Dictator 280 Years more Years of the World Years before Christ. 3619. Alexander proclaimed King of Asia offered great and costly Sacrifices to his Gods and distributed his Treasures his Cities and his Provinces among his Friends The Air growing infectious by the great number of the Slain obliged him to break up from Arbela He marched to Babylon the Governor whereof opened the Gates to him and this great Conqueror made a Publick Entrance into that City where they extolled his Valor and praised his Fortune 331 Calisthenes the Philosopher who attended Alexander in this Expedition found in Babylon Astronomical Observations for 1903 years past which he sent into Greece to Aristotle By which it is proved that the Chaldeans began their Observations in Astronomy since the year of the World 1716. When Alexander perceived his Army to grow insensibly Effeminate by the Luxuries they met with in Babylon he ordered them to decamp and marched to Susa where he was received with loud Acclamations of Joy the twentieth day after he left Babylon In Susa he found several Dromedaries twelve Elephants and Money to the Value of about Seven millions Five hundred thousand Pounds with a great many Pieces of Purple 3620. Alexander engaged in several Battels which he won and had by that means a way open to Persepolis where was the most magnificent and beautiful Palace of all the East This Place he took and by the Instigation of Thais a Courtesan burnt it when he was drunk He found therein 120 Talents and so vast a Treasure as loaded 20000 Mules and 5000 Horses 330 After this he marched in pursuit of Darius who was retreated to Ecâ—atane in Media where he had raised more Forces for another Battel But Bessus who commanded the greatest part of these Forces assassinated him and afterwards fled away Darius being stabb'd was thrown into a Cart which a Macedonian happened to meet with The dying King prayed him to help him to a little Water drank of it and immediately expired Alexander hearing of it ran thither found Darius dead wept over his Body bewailed his Misfortunes covered him with his Mantle ordered him to be embalmed and sent him to Sisygambis to bury him in the Sepulcher of his Ancestors Then he distributed among his Soldiers the one half of the Booty which he took in this last Expedition which amounted to Three milions eight hundred and fifty thousand Pounds Alexander made Incursions into the Country of the Parthians stayed some time at Hecatompolis and at last arrived upon the Frontiers of Hircania He conquered where e'er he came by his Valour storming those Towns he could not win by Treaty After this he entred into Zadracarta the chief City of Hircania where he stayed 15 days Nabarzanes who had a hand in the Murder of Darius came thither to wait upon Alexander and brought him Presents to gain his Favour which was granted him It was at this place where Thalestris or Minothea the Queen of the Amazons whose Country according to Q Curtius was situated between the River Phasis and the Mountain of Caucasus came to visit him upon a Business no way redounding to the Honour of that Princess But some pretend that this whole Matter of Fact as related by Curtius is false 'T is said that Onesicritus reading the Fourth Book of his History wherein he treats of the Adventure of this Queen to Lysimachus who had constantly attended Alexander in all his Expeditions this Lysimachus being then King said to him smiling And where
under the Conduct of Moses Six hundred thousand fighting Men beside Women and Children 1497 A REMAKK Concerning the Origine of the Nations of the Earth FOrasmuch as the whole Race of Mankind except Noah's Family perished by the Flood 't is from this Family that all the People of the Earth descended Noah had three Sons Iaphet Sem Ham. I. SEM thô the second Son is the Person we place first because from him descended Abraham David and Iesus Christ himself according to the Flesh. He had five Sons 1. Elam from whom came the Elamites the Grandsires of the Persians 2. Assur from whom came the Name of Assyria and the Assyrians 3. Arphaxad to whom was born Salah the Father of Eber or Heber from whom proceeded the Hebrews that is the Iews or the People of God 4. Lud from whom proceeded the Lydians not those of Asia Minor but others less known upon the Confines of Persia. 5. Aram from whom proceeded the Syrians Syria in the Hebrew is called Aram. St. Augustin makes this Judicious Reflection That the Scriptures make no mention of the Descendants of several of Noah's Children as for Instance of Elam Assur Lud the Sons of Sem because they were not the Heads or Chiefs of any Nation Aram had four Sons 1. Vz who seiz'd upon Trachonitis and the Country of Damas and called one of these Countries by the Name of Vz where Iob dwelt 2. Hull from whom came the Armenians 3. Gether from whom proceeded the Bactrians 4. Mesh from whom came the Mesraeneans situated along the Gulph of Persia. Heber Arphaxad's Grandson had two Sons 1. Peleg so called because in his Days the Earth was divided into several Nations and Languages 2. Ioktan who had 13 Sons They were the Chief Heads of several Colonies who spread themselves over the Face of the Earth 1. Almodad who became Master of all the Countries of the Indians from the River Cophena which falls into the River Indus according to Iosephus and St. Ierom. 2. Sheleph 3. Hazarmaveth 4. Ierah 5. Hadoram 6. Vzal 7. Diklah 8. Obal 9. Abimael 10. Sheba 11. Ophir who gave his Name to that Country in the East from which they fetch Gold And the Scriptures make mention of Mount Sephar towards the East which was upon the Confines of their Country 12. Havila 13. Iobab II. HAM had four Sons 1. Cush settled himself in Ethiopia which the Hebrews to this day call Cush 2. Misraim who went into Egypt which in Hebrew is called Mesraim where there is even at this day a City called Mesra 3. Phut from whom proceeded the Inhabitants of Lybia and Mauritania where at this very time there is a River called Phut 4. Canaan from whom came the Canaanites who were in possession of the Holy Land till they were outed by the People of Israel Cush begat Nimrod who began to be a mighty one upon Earth He was one of the greatest Hunters under the Cope of Heaven The Capital City of his Kingdom was Babylon next to it Erech that is Edessa in Mesopotamia Achads that is Nisiba and Calneh that is Seleusia or Ctesiphonta in the Land of Shinar near Babylon Out of that Land went forth Ashur who built Nineveh and the Streets of that City and Calah He likewise built the great City of Resen which lies between Nineveh and Calah Cush had five Sons more 1. Seba from whom came the Sabeans in Arabia Felix 2. Havilah from whom proceeded the Getulians in Africa 3. Sabtah from whom came the Sabathenians in Arabia where according to the Account of Geographers is situated the City of Sabathai or Sabatia 4 Raamah 5. Sabtechah St. Ierom says that from these two last Sons of Cush are descended such People as 't is hard at present to reconcile their ancient Names with the new ones Raamah had two Sons 1. Sheba from whom descended the Sabeans different from those which we have already mentioned For there are two Countries of Sheba in Arabia both of them famous for the Frankincense which comes from thence in abundance The one is writ with a Schin and the other with a Samech 'T is from the first which the Queen of Sheba came to visit King Solomon And in the 71st Psalm where we read the Kings of Arabia and Saba in the Hebrew 't is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Kings of Sheba and Saba 2. Dodan from whom is derived according to St. Ierom the Name of a Country of Ethiopia Misraim had six Sons 1. Ludim from whom came the Lydians who are in Africa 2. Anamim 3. Lehabim from whom came the Lydians formerly called Phuteans 4. Nephtahim 5. Pathrusim 6. Chasâ—uhim As for four of these Nations Iosephus and St. Ierom declare That at present they are very obseure because they were exterminated in the Wars of Ethiopia Canaan had eleven Sons 1. Sidon who built the City of Sidon and gave it his Name The Canaanites who inhabited Phenicia and the Holy Land have been famous for their great Commerce from whence came the Riches of Tyre and Sidon Upon which account it is that the Scripture gives in the general the Name of Canaanites to Merchants and Traders 2. Heth the Father of the People who dwelt in the Promised Land 3. Iebuseus Iebus was the first Name of the City of Ierusalem whose Inhabitants and those of the Neighbouring Country were called Iebusites 4. Amoreheus the Father of the Amorites who dwelt in the Promised Land and whom God ordered his People to drive out 5. Gergeseus From whom descended The Girgasites 6. Heveus From whom descended The Hivites 7. Araceus from whom came the Arkites and from whom according to St. Ierom the City of Arcas near Libanus took its Name 8. Sineus of whom came the Inhabitants of the Wilderness of Sin or rather of Mount Sina 9. Aradeus from whom descended the Arvadites and who gave his own Name to the Cities of Arade and Antarade of which Ezekiel makes mention 10. Samareus of whom came the Inhabitants of the City and Country of Samaria 11. Hamatheus from whom proceeded the Inhabitants of the City of Hamath There are two of these Cities mentioned in Scripture the Greater Hamath which is Antioch and the Lesser Hamath called Epiphania III. IAPHET had seven Sons 1. Gomer of whom came the first Inhabitants of the Country of Galatia 2. Magog from whom proceeded the Greeks the Messagetans and the Scythians 3. Madai from whom descended the Medes and according to several the Macedonians 4. Iavan of whom came the Ionians and all the other Greeks 5. Tubal of whom came the Iberians who are situated beyond the Euxine Sea and not those who dwelt in Spain 6. Meschech from whom descended the Muscovites or the Capadocians There is in Capadocia a City formerly called Mazaca and since named Cesarea 7. Tiras from whom proceeded the Thracians Gomer had three Sons 1. Ashkenaz from whom came the Germans whom the Hebrews at this very day call Askenssim 2. Riphath of
leaving his Princess the Daughter of King Charles II. with Child of our present King who was Born Nov. 14. 1650. The Island Iamaica in America taken by the English 1655. Christina Queen of Sweden resigns her Crown and goes to Rome 1654. Carolus Gustavus Duke of Deux-ponts her Cousin succeds her 1654. Alphonsus King of Portugal succeeds his Father 1656. Being Lunatick is confin'd and his Brother made Regent Leopoldus-Ignatius-Iosephus the present Emperor of Germany began to Reign Iuly 22. 1658. Oliver Cromwel dy'd Sept. 3. 1658. A War between France and Spain having lasted 25 Years is at length ended by a Peace concluded in the Isle of Pheasants near the Pyrenean Mountains 1659. After half a dozen Changes of Government in England in one Years time the Rump being by General Monk's Management dissolv'd and a Free Parliament chosen it was resolv'd by the Parliament April 20. That Charles II. was lawful and undoubted King and Messengers immediately sent to Breda to invite him Home 1660. EPOCHA XIV King Charles II. Restor'd the ancient Government and Laws of England Re-establish'd and Europe in a Profound Peace 1660. ANd here we must make a Stand for who can pass so pleasant a Sight as this happy Year gives us of the peaceful State of all Europe without taking a View of the agreeable Prospect In England our celebrated Augustus shuts up the Temple of Ianus and by his happy Influence gives the Muses Liberty and the Merchant Protection Learning and Wit flourish Trade enriches the Nation and a general Joy drives away the Sorrows which the late Tyrannical Usurpation had cast over all the good and honest part of the People The hungry Beggars that had usurp'd the Senate-house were now expell'd and forc'd to refund the sweet Morsels which they had robb'd the King the Clergy and their Fellow-Subjects of under the specious Name of Sequestration In short the King the Laws the ancient Liberty Government and Peace was restor'd and England was made happy In Germany the War which the Emperor King of Poland and Elector of Brandenburg had maintain'd against the King of Sweden was ended that between Sweden and Denmark as also between France and Sweden terminated and finally France and Spain reconcil'd by the Pyrenean Peace and afterwards by the Marriage of the the Infanta to the King So that we may truly call this Annus Pacificus of Europe and compare this with the Augustan Age. May 29 1660. King Charles II. makes his Triumphant Entrance into London it being the Day of his Birth in the Twelfth Year of his Reign and on the 23d of April following was Crowned Leopold Ignatius being at that time Emperor of Germany Philip IV. King of Spain Lewis XIV King of France Alphonso King of Portugal Charles X. King of Sweden Christiern V. King of Denmark Alexius Michaeliwitz Czar of Moscovy Iohn Casimer King of Poland Alexander VII Pope of Rome Franciscus Molino Doge of Venice Ferdinand II. Duke of Florence Charles Emanuel Duke of Savoy and finally Mahomet IV. Sultan of the Turks 1661. In France Cardinal Mazarine being dead Mar. 9 1661. that King takes the Government wholly into his own Hands The Dauphin Born Nov. 1. 1661. King Charles of England marries Donna Catherina Infanta of Portugal May 22. 1662. Venner and the Fifth Monarchists make a Riot and bloody Rebellion for a few Days in London 166â— The first Dutch War 1665. A raging Pestilence at London 1665. War proclaim'd against France who side with the Dutch 1665 6. A violent Fire which burnt down the greatest part of London 1666. The Dutch at Chatham 1667. A Peace concluded at Breda by England with France and Holland 1667. War betwixt France and Spain 1667. The Theatre at Oxford built by A. Bp. Sheldon 1668. Treaty of Peace between Spain and France at Aix la Chapelle 1668. The City and Island of Candia taken by the Turks 1669. Clement IX Pope 1670. The Duke of Lorrain dispossest of his Dominions by the French 1670. The second Dutch War 1672. The French King invades Holland over-runs the Country and commits very barbarous Ravage 1672. Spain declares against France 1673. A Faction in Holland headed by de Witt taking Advantage of the Prince of Orange's Minority had some Years before this resolv'd no more to admit of a Stadtholder but at this time the miserable State of their Country through the French Tyranny which was carried on because the Dutch wanted some skilful Captain made the People mutiny and oblige the States to restore the Prince to the Dignity and Honours of his Ancestors 1674. Peace between England and Holland 1674. Victor Amadaeus present Duke of Savoy succeeds his Father 1675. Pope Clement X. dies and is succeeded by Benedict Odeschalci who took the Name of Innocent XI 1676. The Prince of Orange comes over to England and marries the Lady Mary our late gracious Queen 1677. Peace concluded at Nimeguen between France and Holland 1678. Also between Spain and France 1678. Also between the Emperor and France The Popish Plot in England discover'd 1678. The Dauphin marries the Princess of Bavaria 1679. The Duke of Burgundy eldest Son to the Dauphin born 1681. Algiers Bombarded by the French 1682. The Czar of Moscovy dying causes Disputes which of the Sons should succeed at length 't was agreed they both should Reign together 1682. War between the Emperor and the Turks Tangier quitted and destroy'd by the English 1683. Vienna Besieg'd by the Turks 60 Days at length Reliev'd and the Siege rais'd with great Slaughter of the Turks by the King of Poland Sept. 12. 1683. Genoa Bombarded by the French 1684. Luxemburg taken by the French 1684. King Charles II. died Feb. 6. 1684 5. and is immediately succeeded by his Brother Iames Duke of York Earl of Argyle Invades Scotland 1685. Duke of Monmouth Invades England 1685. Both defeated and Executed by K. Iames 1685. The Grand Seignior Mahomet IV. being depos'd Solyman III. succeeds him 1687. The French King breaks the Peace with Germany and his Son takes Philipsburg Octob. 1688. The People of England oppress'd by King Iames's Government the Prince of Orange in prosecution of an Invitation to that purpose comes over to England with an Army for their Relief Nov. 5. 1688. King Iames quits the Government and retires privately from Whitehall Dec. 12. 1688. being put ashore at Feversham returns to London Decemb. 1688. The Prince of Orange comes to London and King Iames retires to Rochester 1687. whence he privately departs for France 1688. A Convention or Parliament being assembled they declare William Prince of Orange together with his Princess Mary King and Queen of England Feb. 13. 1688 8. France declares War against Holland Nov. 1688. K. William and Q. Mary Crowned Apr. 21. 1689. England declares War against France May 7th 1689. The Convention of Scotland Resolve to offer the Crown to King William and Queen Mary Apr. 16. 1689. which the Deputies present to him May 16. 1689. King Iames passes from
till the year of Christ 70 or according to the vulgar Account 67 at which time Vespasian laid Iudea waste but upon Intelligence of the Death of Nero he left Iudea and went to Rome Within a while after he sent his Son Titus who besieged and took Ierusalem The Famine was so great in that City towards the end of the Siege that a Woman was forced to kill her own Child to eat The Temple was burnt and Titus gave his Soldiers leave to riffe and burn the City At this time was fulfilled the Saying of our Saviour who foretold of Ierusalem that killed her Prophets That she should be destroyed and not one stone left upon another Phanias was High-Priest when Ierusalem was taken A. D. 70 and forty years after the Death of Iesus Christ. CHAP. II. An Account of the Assyrian Monarchy HAving in the preceding Chapter given you a short but exact Account of the State and Condition of the People of God from the Creation down to our Saviours time We shall now proceed to Prophane History where we must not expect to meet with that Accuracy and Exactness of Chronology which Moses and others of the Inspired Writers have observed in their Accounts In this and the three next Chapters we will Treat briefly of the Four Great Monarchies viz. The Assyrian Persian Grecian and Roman And afterwards we shall give you a short Account of the other Monarchies and Republicks which were Contemporary to them The Monarchy of the Assyrians is the first of the four but before we treat of it we think it not amiss to give you a short Description of that Country Assyria properly so called was a Country of a large Extent situated in Asia Major Bounded on the North by Armenia the Greater on the East by Media on the South by Susiana and Babylonia and on the West by the River Tigris which parts it from Mesopotamia which at present is called Diarbech But the Empire of the Assyrians or which is called Assyria Major was of a greater Extent for it took in Syria Mesopotamia Babylonia Persia in a word all Asia except the Indies This was the State of the Assyrians under Semiramis It has been observed that nothing is more intricate and difficult than to trace the first Beginnings of Monarchies which are commonly dark and obscure and full of Fables This is apparently true with respect to that of the Assyrian the first Rise of which is very hard to find out Authors are divided in their Opinions about it and as they differ very much in the Account they give us of its first Founder and of its Duration so they dissent as much in the Number and in the Names of the Kings who reigned over it Those who follow Herodotus as Vsher c. make Ninus to be the first Founder of it affirming the Chaldeans and the Arabs to have reigned in Assyria before his time They place the beginning of this Monarchy about the year of the World 2737 before Christ 1213. So that its Duration from that time to Belshazzar the last of the Assyrian Monarchs takes up 656 years Others who follow Diodorus Siculus such as Sethus Calvisius Petavius Helvicus c. make Nimrod to be the first Founder of the Assyrian Monarchy and place the beginning thereof in the year of the World 1788 before Christ 2162 so that the Duration of this Monarchy according to those Authors is about 1647 years Now thô the former Account seems most Authentick and carries the greatest Face of Truth yet we shall choose to follow the latter likewise in compliance to the generality of Historians and herein we shall first lay down the Succession of the Kings from Nimrod to Sardanapalus as they are copied from Theodorus Zuingerus by Gutberleth in whose time the Monarchy was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonians After which we will briefly relate the State and Condition of the Divided Monarchy under its separate Kings whose Names we will likewise give you from the same Author 1. The State of the Assyrian Monarchy from Nimrod its first Founder down to Sardanapalus which lasted about 1360 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 1788. 1. NImrod the Son of Cush built the Tower of Babel laid the Foundation of the Assyrian Monarchy and reigned 56 years 2162 1844. 2. Belus reckoned by some the same with Nimrod reigned 65 years 2106 1909. 3. Ninus he built Nineveh which was founded by Ashur conquered Zoroaster King of the Bactrians and reigned 52 years 2041 1961. 4. Semiramis the famous Assyrian Heroine built Walls round about Babylon enlarged her Territories reigned 42 years and was killed by her Son Ninias 1989 2003. 5. Ninias or Ninus succeeded his Mother and reigned 37 years 1947 2040. 6. Arius reigned 30 years 1910 2070. 7. Aratius reigned 40 years 1880 2110. 8. Baleus or Balaneus reigned 30 years 1840 2140. 9. Armatrites reigned 37 years 1810 2177. 10. Belocus Priscus reigned 36 years 1773 2213. 11. Baleus Iunior he reigned 52 years 1737 2265. 12. Altades reigned 32 years 1685 2297. 13. Mamitus reigned 30 years 1653 2327. 14. Mancaleus reigned 30 years 1623 2357. 15. Sphaerus reigned 20 years 1593 2377. 16. Mamelus reigned 30 years 1573 2407. 17. Spartus reigned 40 years 1543 2447 18. Ascatades reigned 40 years 1503 2487. 19. Amyntas reigned 45 years 1463 2532. 20. Belochus junior reigned 25 years 1418 2557. 21. Belopares reigned 30 years 1393 2587. 22. Lamprides reigned 32 years 1363 2619. 23. Sosares reigned 20 years 1331 2639. 24. Lampares reigned 30 years 1311 2669. 25. Pannias reigned 45 years 1281 2714. 26. Sosarmus reigned 19 years 1236 2733. 27. Mitreus reigned 27 years 1217 2760. 28. Tautanes reigned 32 years 1190 2792. 29. Teuteus reigned 40 years 1158 2832. 30. Thyneus reigned 30 years 1118 2862. 31. Dercylus reigned 40 years 1088 2902. 32. Eupales reigned 38 years 1048 2940. 33. Laosthenes reigned 45 years 1010 2985. 34. Pyriciades reigned 30 years 965 3015. 35. Ophrateus reigned 20 years 935 3035. 36. Ophraganeus reigned 50 years 915 3085. 37. Ascarzapes reigned 42 years 865 3127. 38. Sardanapalus reigned 20 years He led a soft and effeminate Life and at last in the year of the World 3148 before Christ 802 Arbaces conspir'd against him besieg'd Nineveh and took it Sardanapalus to avoid the Shame of being taken by his Enemies burnt himself with all his Concubines and Riches in his own Royal Palace Upon his Death the Monarchy was divided 823 ☞ Our Countryman Mr. Tallents in his Chronological Tables takes notice that Iustin in his History saith This Empire lasted from the time of Ninyas or Ninus to Sardanapalus about 1300 Years which comes pretty near the Truth but makes no mention of the Kings who succeeded Ninus who grew Effeminate and Inglorious But the Names Tallents sets down out of Berosus Africanus transcribed by Eusebius which we think proper here to insert thereby to shew the Variety of Authors Opinions about the Names of these Kings
mild enough to be prevailed upon by reasonable Advice till in the latter end of his Reign when the Persian Luxury had debauched him To these natural Qualifications his Father a wise and couragious Prince added an Education that finished this excellent Piece for in his tender years he was commited to the Care and Tuition of Aristotle that great Philosopher by whose Wisdom this Noble Prince was so far improved that An Philippo Patri aut Aristoteli magistro plus debuit Alexander is become a common Subject of Declamation in the Schools When he was but a Youth visiting his Father's Stables he saw the Horse Bucephalus whom when by reason of his fierceness none of the Grooms durst venture to ride he undertook to tame and leaping upon his Back rode him round the Ring his Father surprized and delighted with the Courage of his Son ran to him and with Kisses and Embraces bad him seek some larger Territories for Macedon was too straight to contain so great a Soul At the Age of 18 years he shewed a wonderful Courage in the Battel of Cheronesus against the Athenians wherein some say he saved his Father's Life and gained the whole Honour of that Expedition His Father Philip after he had gained many signal Victories in Greece was preparing for an Expedition into Persia but was hindred in it by Death being killed by Pausanias at the Wedding of his Daughter Cleopatra about the year 3615 and was succeeded by his Son Alexander who was at that time about 20 years of Age. Alexander to follow his Father's Example went to Peloponnesus and caused all the Confederated Cities of Greece to meet at Corinth where by the Consent of all except the Lacedomonians he was chosen Generalissimo of the Army raised against the Persians Soon after this viz. in the Spring of the year 3617 he marched through Thrace and made Incursions into the Country of the Triballians and Illyrians He had a bloody Engagement upon the Banks of the Danube and therein defeated Sirmus the King of the Triballians Upon occasion of this Battel a Report ran that Alexander was beaten which Demosthenes corrupted with Persian Gold so inculcated at Athens that the People believed it and Revolted But Alexander soon convinced them of their Mistake for having finished his Work by the Reduction of those Barbarians he returned to Greece and the Athenians were wise enough to beg his Pardon and obtained it but the Thebans despising his Threats were be sieged their City taken and ras'd to the Ground except the House of Pindar which Alexander caused to be saved and gave it to the Posterity of that excellent Poet. And now having satisfied his Honour and Revenge Alexander again bethinks himself of his Persian Expedition and passing into Peloponnesus he was again declared Commander of the Forces raised for that Service 'T was in this Journey that he gave a Visit to Diogenes the Cynick at Corinth and soon after the return from it that in a Dream he saw the High-Priest of Ierusalem who Exhorted him forthwith to go to the Conquest of the Persians wherein he assured him of Success And now all things being prepared Alexander gave away the Government of his Dominions to his Friends distributing to some Villages to others Boroughs and to others Sea-Ports and Territories and reserving little or nothing Perdicas asked him What he kept for himself To which he answered Hope And now leaving Antipater chief Administrator he set forward for Asia having 60 Long-Ships to transport his Army which consisted of 40000 Men whereof Parmenio was made Commander of the greatest part When he came into Asia he visited the Tomb of Achilles from whom on the Mother's side he was descended He said Achilles was doubly happy in having such a Friend as Patroclus during his Life and such a Panegyrist as Homer after his Death After this he passed the Granicum a River in Phrygia where he met with Darius at the Head of 100000 Foot and 20000 Horse drawn up in a Line of Battel The two Armies joined and a very sharp Engagement happened between them The Persians lost 20000 Foot and 2000 Horse and about as many more were taken Prisoners Darius and his Army which appeared so formidable were put to flight and Alexander gain'd this Victory with the Loss of only 100 Men. By this means an Avenue was opened into Asia and Alexander marched to Sardis the Capital City of Lydia which the Governor surrender'd to him with all the Treasures that were therein From thence he marched to Ephesus where he put an end to the Oligarchical Government of that Place and established Democracy in its stead After this he took Miletum by Storm which was a very strong Town and famous for the Colonies it sent out to the Neighbouring Islands But Halicarnasseus which stood out against him to the last Extremity was by his Orders demolished In a word within the compass of a year he became Master of all Phrygia Lydia Pamphylia Pisidia Paphlagonia and Cappadocia Years of the World Years before Christ. 3617. This Year Alexander signaliz'd by his second Victory over Darius in the Battel of Issus in which Engagement he received a Wound in his Thigh that hinder'd him from meeting with Darius whom he intended to have killed with his own Hand The Persians according to Iustin's Account were 400000 Foot and 100000 Horse But Quintus Curtius does not reckon above half so many In this Battel the Persians lost 100000 Foot but others say only 50000. Let the Loss be more or less Darius was put to flight and that he might not be discovered threw away his Imperial Mantle That which went deepest to the Heart of this unfortunate Prince was that his Mother Sisigambis his Wife Statira his two Daughters and his Son not above 6 years old were taken by the Conqueror But Alexander used them always like Queens paid them great Respect and for their Comfort assured them that Darius whom they supposed to be dead was still alive 333 Immediately upon this Victory Alexander sent Parmenio to make sure of Damascus the Capital City of Syria where Darius left incredible Riches and all the great Women and Princesses of Persia. The Governor without any Ceremony betrayed the City to him but Alexander was so just as to punish the Traitor and sent his Head to Darius as a Present There were 7000 Horse-Loads of Treasure in the place which amounted to the Value of above ten millions Sterling He marched into Syria where he deprived of their Estates all those who made any Opposition against him Biblus in Phenicia and Sidon were some time before they would surrender to him but were at length reduced and the Kingdom of Sidon bestowed by Hephestion Alexander's Favourite on Abdolominus a Gardiner who lived in the Suburbs of that City He subdued all Syria and Phenicia except Tyre which held out 7 months but at last was taken and 2000 of its Inhabitants hanged on the Sea-Coast He took Gaza
the Tartars and ascended the Throne of the Empire of China and established the 21st Family named Mim The twenty second State was under the XXI Family named Mim which had 16 Emperors and lasted 276 years 1369 In the year 1645 Zunchin the last Emperor of the Family of Mim being conquered by the Tartars who invaded his Territories retired into a Garden of his Palace where he hanged himself And Xunchi who had conquered China was the first Founder of the 22d Family named Cim The twenty third State was under the XXII Family named Cim and is that Family which is at present in Possession of the Throne We have had so little to do with China till of late Days that 't is hardly worth our while to set down the Names and the Chronological Succession of all the pretended Chinese Emperors from the time of Noah yet if any Credit be to be given to the Account which Father Martini and Father Couplet two Jesuits have handed down to us about this Matter I believe we could not put too high an Esteem on such a Chronological Series of Kings which reaches to the very first Ages of the World But to be plain in the case We do not think these Collections to be much worth since we are uncertain whether these Fathers were able Criticks or no and upon what Memoirs they founded their Account For thus much we learn from their very Histories That there happened several Distrubances in China which occasioned the Loss of a great many of its ancient Records Mention is therein made of a certain Yven-ti the third Emperor of the tenth Family who about the year of our Lord 552 when he saw himself apprehended and made Prisoner before he would surrender himself broke his Sword and burnt his Library wherein were above 140000 Volumes which he did upon the Consideration that neither his Sword nor his Books would be of any farther use to him In short let the Case be how it will I fancy no body would believe me if I should here say That Hoam-ti the third Elected Emperor 2697 years before Iesus Christ built a Temple to the Supreme Monarch of the Universe That he adorn'd his Head with the Regal Diadem That he made choice of a Yellow-colour'd Habit which none of his Subjects durst wear That he was a great Lover of Musick And that he brought Astronomy and Physick to its Perfection For we are so uncertain upon what Grounds these things are told us that we read all this Account as a perfect Romance However we shall here subjoin some Curiosities which cannot but create a great deal of Pleasure and Satisfaction to them who read it Confucius the Chinese Philosopher IN the year of the World 3233 and 717 years before Iesus Christ was the famous Confucius born the greatest Philosopher that China ever had He drew in his first Breath in the Village of Leu ye hard by the City of Kiofeu in the Province of Xanton on the North of Nankin It was under Kimvam the 24th Emperor of the third Family that he began to signalize himself by the fineness of his Philosophy to the Profession of which he adjoyned a singular Innocence of Manners His Writings are full of very fine Maxims and such as tend wholly to establish Quietness in private Families and Peace in the publick State He was of the Opinion that it is very important for Sovereign Princes that the Fathers should have a Supreme Authority over their Children He would have their Authority be very extensive because in truth the Inclination of a Child receiving a right Ply betimes and being kept to an entire Dependance under a Paternal Authority would be the more easy to submit to the Yoke of Regal Power The Chinese and the adjacent Nations such as the Inhabitants of Tunquin and Iapan stiled Confucius a wise and a holy Man His Writings are in as much Esteem among those Nations as the Gospel is among the Christians There is scarce a City but has a magnificent College dedicated to Confucius and every where may be seen Inscriptions in Golden Letters To the Memory of the Great Master or rather To the Memory of the Illustrious Prince of Learning Never did any Philosopher receive greater Honours from his own Country insomuch that his Posterity was highly honoured not only by Noble Titles but also by great Revenues and particular Marks of Esteem About the year of the World 3728 Xi-hoan-ti the second Emperor of the fourth Family governed with a great deal of Severity and Cruelty This was the Man who caused the famous Wall to be built to cover China from the Incursions of the Tartars About the year of the World 3786 reigned Ven-ti the third Emperor of the fifth Family who was a Prince of extraordinary Temper In his time Paper was first invented in China In the year of Christ 650 Cao-cum caused several Temples to be erected to the true God and favoured the Establishment of Christianity which had been formerly preached in China under his Predecessor In the year of Christ 1064 Ym-cum the fifth Emperor of the nineteenth Family began to reign In his time lived the famous Historiographer Su-ma-quam whose Annals begin with Hoam-ti which most of the Chinese look upon as the first Founder of their Monarchy We hope this short Account of the Chinese thô by way of Digression will not be ungrateful to the Learned World and shall now proceed to give you an Account of those other States and Empires which afterwards being conquered composed successively a great part of the Roman Monarchy beginning with that of Egypt as being one of the most ancient CHAP. VI. Of the Kings of Egypt EGypt anciently called Misraim and the Land of Ham Aeria Potamia Ogygia Melampodus and Osyria derived its present Name from Egyptus the Brother of Danaus It is part of Africa bounded on the North by the Egyptian or rather part of the Mediterranean Sea on the East by Arabia Petrea and Sinus Arabicus on the South by Ethiopia and on the West by Cyrenaica It was formerly divided into the Vpper and Lower Egypt but at present it is divided into four Parts I. Errif or the Lower Egypt containing the old proper Egypt and Augusticana II. Pechria Demisor or Middle Egypt containing the greatest part of old Arcadia III. Sahid or the Vpper Egypt part of old Thebais IV. The Coast of the Red Sea containing part of the ancient Thebais and Arcadia There is in Egypt the famous Istmus of Sues that parts the Red Sea from the Mediterranean which several Princes have in vain attempted to cut so as to joyn those two Seas There is nothing more obscure or uncertain in History than what has commonly been published concerning the Government and Succession of the first Kings of Egypt Here we walk even in Egyptian Darkness it self and cannot set two Steps forward without being misled Historians cannot agree among themselves about the Names the Time the Number nor the Series of these
17. Codrus succeeded his Father Melanthius and reigned 21 years He for the safety of his People lost his own Life and by his Death gave them the Victory for the Oracle having predicted that the Party which lost their King should gain the Victory he disguised himself and secretly got into the Enemy's Camp where he purposely provoked them and received his Death for his Country's sake His two Sons Medon and Nileus contested the Kingdom which was the reason why the Athenians fearing that they should never have such another King as Codrus put an end to the Regal Power declared that Iupiter was the only King of the People of Athens and established Perpetual Archontes that is Governors or Magistrates who should have the Administration of the State during their whole Life and were only different from the Kings in Name and were accountable to the People 1090 Sect. 2. The Second State of Athens under XIII Perpetual Archontes which lasted the space of 316 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 2882. 1. MEdon the Son of Codrus govern'd Athens 20 years 1068 2902. 2. Acastus governed 36 years In his time happened the famous Ionian Expedition For the Ionians being driven out of Peloponnesus by the Heraclidae and the Dorians under the Conduct of Neleus and Androclus Sons of Codrus took Ephesus and other Places in Asia Minor and called that part of it Ionia 1048 2939. 3. Archippus governed 17 years 1011 2956. 4. Thersippus governed 42 years 994 2998. 5. Phorbas governed 31 years 952 3029. 6. Megacles governed 30 years 921 3059. 7. Diognetus governed 28 years 891 3087. 8. Phoreclus governed 19 years 863 3106. 9. Ariphron governed 20 years 844 3126 10. Thespieus governed 27 years 824 3154. 11. Agamestor governed 11 years 796 3173. 12. Aeschylus governed 23 years 777 3174. At this time being 407 years after the taking of Troy 12 years before the building of Rome and 777 years before Christ the Olympiads began each containing the space of four years The first Olympiad was very famous for the Prize which Corebus the Cook won in a Race at the Olympick Games Here ended the time which Varro calls Fabulous because all that preceded the first Olympiad was mixed with a great many Fables And here began the Historical Time because some Rays of Truth began then to shine forth in History 3196. 13. Alcmeon governed 2 years and after his Death the Government of Athens was committed to Archontes or Governors who ruled only 10 years 754 Sect. 3. The Third State of Athens under VII Decennial Archontes which lasted 70 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3198. 1. CHarops the Son of Aeschylus governed 10 years 752 3208. 2. Esimedes governed 10 years 742 3218. 3. Clidicus governed 10 years 732 3228. 4. â—lippomanes governed 10 years 'T is said that he tore his Daughter's Adulterer into pieces with wild Horses for which he was Deposed He accoâ—ding to Suidas was the last of the Race of Codruâ— 722 3238. 5. Leocrates governed 10 years 712 3248. 6. Apsandrus governed 10 years 702 3258. 7. Eâ—yxias governed 10 years He was the last of the Decennial Archontes So that the whole space of Time from Cecrops the first King of Athens down to the end of the Government of Eryxius takes up 874 years After his Government was expired Democracy was established in Athens and the State was to be governed by Annual Archontes 692 Sect. 4. The Fourth State of Athens under Annual Archontes which lasted about the space of 751 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3268. CReon was the first 682 3269. Next to him succeeded Tlesias 681 Instead of giving you an Account of the Succession and Names of these Annual Archontes which would be both a tedious and an useless Undertaking it will be more proper to set down those particular Events which contributed to the Happiness or Misery of Athens and these we will bring under their proper Centuries without affixing the Time to every particular Event but only to such as are most remarkable Years of the World Years before Christ. 3300. In this Century flourished the Seven Wise Men of Greece viz. Solon Bias Thales Pittacus Periander Chilon and Cleobolus Besides these flourished Anaximander the Son of Praxidamus who was born in Ionia Pherecydes Bion Proconessus Epimenides Anaximenes and several others The Photians a People of Ionia set out a Fleet and went and built Marseilles Within a while after Pittacus of Mytelene one of the seven Wise Men of Greece was sent by his Countrymen into Troas to fight Phrino the Commander of the Athenians but was conquered Soon after Periander another of the seven Wise Men of Greece made a Peace between the Athenians and the Mytelenians Within this Century Cylon attempted to make himself King but failing of his Aim fled with his Accomplices to the Altar who contrary to Promise were all killed by Megacles the Archon of that Year which caused great Disturbances and Factions to arise Epimedides to free the City from the Plague erected that famous Altar mentioned in the Acts to the VNKNOWN GOD. A second War happened with the Megarenses wherein Salamis was recovered 650 3384. Pisistratus descended from Codrus became a Tyrant of his Country He won the Poorer sort and by their means made himself King He was expelled by Megacles and Lycurgus afterwards sent a counterfeit Minerva in a Chariot to admonish the People of Athens to restore him He married the Daughter of Megacles was restored ruled well for some time honoured Solon collected Homer's Verses and put them in Order built the first Library in Athens which Xerxes afterwards carried away He repudiated the Daughter of Megacles was again expelled by him but returned and was kindly received by the People 566 In the 4th Year of the 39th Olympiad Anno M. 3330 Draco was Archon and made such severe Laws that they were said to be written in Blood and 22 years after Solon ruled who repealed these Laws and made many excellent Alterations in the Athenian Government In this Century Thales of Miletum died and Anaximander his Disciple was the first who discovered the Obliquity of the Zodiack which his Master could never find out 3400. After Pisistratus his Son Hipparchus succeeded and after him his other Son Hippias Hipparchus was a great Favourer of Learned Men but Harmodius and Aristogiton killed him who were also killed themselves Leaena the Harlot bit off her Tongue that she might not discover the Accomplices Hippias became at last very Cruel for which he was banished Athens Upon this he fled to Darius and set him upon the Thoughts of conquering Greece Darius was so incensed against the Athenians that every time he supp'd he ordered one of his Servants to cry out Here Mâ—mento Atheniensium Pray Sir don't forget the Athenians By the Instigation of Hippias the Persians did invade Greece but were beaten at Marathon by Miltiades where Hippias was killed And when Xerxes the Son
by the Adriatick Sea on the East by the Egean Sea on the North by the Vpper Moesia and on the South by Epirus Achaia and Thessaly This Kingdom began in the year of the World 3137 under Caranus the Heraclide and lasted 645 years till it became at last a Roman Province We may consider this Kingdom under three distinct States Sect. 1. The First State of Macedon under XX. Kings of which Philip the Father of Alexander the Great was the last which lasted 477 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3137. 1. CAranus the Heraclide founded this Monarchy and reigned 28 years 813 3165. 2. Cenus succeeded and reigned 12 years 785 3177. 3. Thurimos succeeded his Father and reigned 38 years 773 3215. 4. Perdiccas I. succeeded his Father and reigned 51 years It seems he shewed the Place where he and his Successors should be buried 735 3266. 5. Argeus the Son of Perdiccas succeeded and reigned 38 years 684 3304. 6. Philip I. succeeded his Father Argeus and reigned 38 years 646 3342. 7. Aeropus the Son of Philip reigned 26 years He was carried in his Cradle against the Illyrians who thereupon were routed 608 3368. 8. Alcetas succeeded his Father Aeropus and reigned 29 years 582 3397. 9. Amyntas I. the Son of Alcetas succeeded and reigned 50 years 553 3447. 10. Alexander I. Sirnamed the Rich succeeded his Father Amyntas and reigned 43 years He slew the Persian Ambassadors who would have abused the Macedonian Ladies sent two Images of massy Gold to Delphos and Elis and would not be corrupted by the Persians but discovered all their Plots against Greece 503 3490. 11. Perdiceas II. the Son of Alexander succeeded and reigned 28 years 460 3518. 12. Perdiceas III. succeeded but reigned a short time being killed by 432 13. Archelans his Bastard Brother who succeeded and reigned 24 years 3542. 14. Orestes the Son of Archelans succeeded was committed to the Tutelage of Eropus who killed him and succeeded 408 15. Eropus the Governor of Orestes reigned about 6 years 3548. 16. Pausanias the Son of Eropus reigned only one year being put to Death by 402 3549. 17. Amyntas II. the Husband of Eurydice who ascended the Throne and reigned 24 years but had a troublesom time on 't 401 3573. 18. Alexander II. succeeded his Father Amyntas and reigned only one year He sued for Peace from the Illyrians and sent them his Brother Philip as an Hostage who was by them sent to the Thebans 377 3574. Ptolemy Alorites usurped the Throne but was killed by Perdiccas after he had reigned 3 years 376 3577. 19. Perdiccas IV. governed Macedon 5 years He was slain in a Battel fought against the Illyrians left his Son very young whereupon the Macedonians made his Brother Philip II. King within a short time after his Death 373 3588. 20. Philip II. ascended the Throne with a great many good Qualifications He was Courageous and Prudent and when he was Hostage at Thebes he dwelt with Epaminondas a great Philosopher as well as a great General His Conversation with so great a Man was of extraordinary use to him as appeared afterwards in the whole Sequel of his Life And it may be very justly affirmed that the Grandeur of the Kingdom of Macedon the Greatness of Alexander and perhaps the Grecian Monarchy was owing to the Instructions which Philip learnt from Epaminondas He reigned 26 years 362 This King made his Peace with the strongest but subdued the weakest Countries such as the Athenians Pannonians and Illyrians He set all Greece into Flames and took an opportunity from their Divisions of becoming their Master 3595. This year Alexander was born at the City Pella Some Authors tell us that on this very Day Philip received these three extraordinary Pieces of News 1. That Parmenio had defeated the Illyrians 2. That he had won the Prize at the Olympick Games And 3. That he had a Son brought into the World But the Learned Criticks have discovered that these Events were not at the same time What is most certain is that on the Birth-Day of Alexander the Temple of Diana at Ephesus was burnt by a Villanous Incendiary who was willing by this Act to render his Name famous or rather infamous to Posterity Great Care has been taken to smother his Name but Theopompus in his History tells us he was called Erostratus 355 3605. This year Philip besieged Perinthus a Town in Thrace but the King of Persia jealous of the growing Greatness of King Philip succoured the Perinthians which gave occasion to Philip to think of carrying on a War against the Persians Within a while after he set upon the Athenians and defeated them in the Battel of Cheronea where his Son Alexander about 18 years old signalized himself At last having made Preparations for the War against Persia he was slain at his Daughter's Wedding by Pausanias a young Macedonian to whom he had refused Justice 345 Sect. 2. The Second State of Macedon under Alexander the Great lasted only 13 Years Years of the World Years before Christ 3614. ALexander the Great raised Macedon to the highest Pitch of Grandeur for at last this mighty Conqueror within 12 or 13 years extended the Bounds of his Kingdom so far into Europe Asia and Africa that Macedon might then very justly have been stiled The Mistress of the Vniverse The Danube and the Black Sea bounded his Conquests Northward the River Hydaspes the Indian Sea the Gulphs of Persia and Arabia bounded them on the East and Cyrene the Capital City of Cyreniacum or Pentapolis in Africa bounded them Southward All this large Tract of Country was under his Dominions But having already treated of the Progress of his Conquests in speaking to the Grecian Monarchy chap. 4. we shall not trouble our selves or our Reader with any Repetitions 336 After Alexander's Death at Babylon there happened a long Contest between the Commanders about the Election of a Successor at last they agreed to salute Arideus King This Arideus was Alexander's base Brother whom King Philip had by a Comedian named Philinna Sect. 3. The Third State of Macedon under XVII Kings lasted 155 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3627. 1. ARideus was only a Titular King all his Authority being in the Hands of four Governors or Tutors viz. Perdiccas Python Antipater and Polysperchon When he ascended the Throne he took the Name of Philip Arideus and reigned only 6 years and 4 months for he was put to Death with his Wife Eurydice by the Order of Olympias Alexander's Mother upon her return into Macedon 323 3633. 2. Cassaneder succeeded him and reigned 19 years He returning at the Head of an Army from Peloponnesus besieged the Queen Olympias in Pydna forced her to surrender and put her to Death Afterwards he married Thessalonice the Daughter of Philip and made young Alexander the Posthumous Son of Alexander the Great with his Mother Roxana Prisoners in the Fort of Amphipolis Within a while after a League
was struck up between Ptolemy Cassander Lysimachus and Antigonus four of Alexander's Commanders upon these Conditions That Cassander should be Master of Europe Lysimachus of Thrace Ptolemy of Egypt and the other Countries of which he was in Possession till such time as Alexander the Son of Roxana arrived to years of Maturity but that Antigonus should still preside over Asia where the Greeks should live under their own Laws This League did not last long for each of them was for getting the whole Power to himself and this they thought the more feasible when he who was Sovereign over them all and whose Vicegerents they pretended to have been was once removed out of the way For Cassander no sooner understood that the People were well affected to Alexander and talked openly of seting him at liberty and placing him upon his Father's Throne but he ordered both him and his Mother to be put to Death privately Hercules another Son of Alexander the Great whom he had by Barsine the Daughter of Artabazus the Persian was invited from Pergamos into Macedonia by Polysperchon who envy'd Cassander's growing Greatness and was at the Head of an Army against him but when they were just ready to engage in Battel Cassander by large Promises won over Polyspherchon to his side who killed the young Prince and his Mother 317 Hitherto those who had seized upon Alexander's Conquests were contented to be stiled Governors of the Provinces but when the Blood Royal of Alexander was extinct each of them took upon him the Name of King thereby to create to themselves the greater Respect from their Soldiers Cassander when he died left three Sons Philip Antipater and Alexander 3652. 3. Philip succeeded his Father Cassander and scarce reigned a whole year for he died of a Consumption 298 3653. 4. Antipater I. and Alexander IV. succeeded their Brother and reigned a little more than 3 years The former of these killed his Mother Thessalonice because she favoured Alexander most thô she conjur'd him by the Breasts that gave him suck to spare her Life Upon this the two Kings fell out and Alexander to revenge this unnatural Crime sent for a Supply from Pyrrhus King of Epirus and Demetrius Polyorcetes of Peloponesus They came to an Engagement wherein both the Brothers were cut off 297 3656. 5. Demetrius Poliorcetes that is The City Taker usurped the Kingdom of Macedon after the Death of the Brothers and reigned 7 years He aimed at driving Lysimachus out of Thrace but was diverted from his Design at first by Pyrrhus King of Epirus who invaded Thessaly but having made Peace with him he raised an Army of 100000 Foot and 12000 Horse with a Fleet of 1500 Sail a greater Force than any had been raised since the Death of Alexander Which mighâ—y Force putting Seleucus Ptolemy and Lysimachus under some fear they entred into a Confederacy and prevailed upon Pyrrhus by their joint intreaties to violate the Peace Lysimachus from Thrace and Pyrrhus from Epirus invaded Macedon both at once and by that means Pyrrhus having taken Byrrhea was saluted King of Macedon by the Army of Demetrius 294 3663. 6. Pyrrhus reigned over Macedon only seven months For 287 7. Lysimachus claimed his Share in the Government and having driven Pyrrhus out reigned 5 years and an half Demetrius being turned out of Macedon at last threw himself into the Hands of his Son-in-Law Seleucus who received him kindly but made him his Prisoner at large where giving himself up to Hunting Drinking and Gaming he died within 3 years after Lysimachus was at last defeated by Seleucus in Phrygia where he was slain in Battel 'T is said that his Dog stood by his Carcase and guarded it from Fowls and wild Beasts 2669. 8. Seleucus puffed up with his Victory marched into Macedon over which he râ—igned only 7 months being treacherously killed by Ptolemy Ceraunus 281 9. Ptolemy Ceraunus after the Death of Seleucus took Possession of the Kingdom of Macedon Antigonus Gonnata the Son of Demetrius Poliorcetes opposed it but was defeated in a Sea-Fight and forced to fly into Beotia Ptolemy married his own Sister Arsinoe the Widow of Lysimachus being received by her into her own City named Cassandrea and afterwards killed her two Sons which she had by Lysimachus in her Arms. About this time a great many Gauls finding their own Country too narrow to entertain them marched in three Companies under three Leaders in quest of a new Country to settle in One Company was led into Thrace by Cerethrius another into Pannonia by Brennus and Acichorius and a third into Macedon by Belgius The last of these Ptolemy who thought himself as able to fight as to commit Villanies opposed and was defeated taken alive and slain by them 3671. 10. Meleager succeeded his Brother Ptolemy but within two months time was outed by the Macedonians who put in his stead Antipater the Son of Philip Brother to Cassander 279 11. Antipater II. he reigned only 45 days 3672. 12. Sosthenes a famous Macedonian raised the Youth of Macedon and marched at the Head of them against the Gauls he fought and defeated them and by this means delivered his Country The whole Army proclaimed him King but he refused that Title and would be only stiled their General He did not meet with the same good Success against Brennus another Leader of the Gauls who fell into Macedon plunder'd and ravaged all that lay in his way and at last defeated and routed Sosthenes himself He died after he had presided over the Kingdom about 2 years 278 3674. 13. Antigonus Gonnata the Son of Demetrius Poliorcetes having made Peace with Antiochus Soter marched into Macedon took Possession of that Kingdom and reigned over it 34 years He drove the Gauls whom Brennus had left behind him to guard the Passes and the Frontiers out of Macedon In his time the Gauls who marched in several Bodies before drew into one assisted King Nicomedes against Zypeus who had seized on part of Bithynia and having defeated Zypeus they settled upon the River Haly in that Place which afterwards from them was called Gallo-Grecia or Galatia Antigonus at his first Accession to the Throne met with some Disturbance first from Pyrrhus King of Epirus and then from Alexander the Son of Pyrrhus but within 2 or 3 years the Storm blew over and he was established in the quiet Possession of that Kingdom 276 3708. 14. Demetrius II. succeeded his Father Antigonus who rendred himself odious to the Etolians by inclining Agro the King of the Illyrians to aid the Mydionians who were besieged by the Etolians He became Master of Cyrene and all Lybia and died after he had reigned 10 years Upon his Death he left a Son behind him very young named Philip. Antigonus Sirnamed Doson because of the magnificent Promises of which he was very Liberal was constituted Governor to the young Prince He married his Pupil's Mother and by his Bounty and Clemency prevailed so far upon the
a Nail into Iupiter's Temple being the second created upon such an Occasion and a War was carried on against the Inhabitants of Privernum in the Volscian State wherein the Romans were at last Conquerors It would be too tedious to give you a particular Relation of the Wars which the Romans had with the rest of the Italians we think it sufficient to tell you in general That they engaged the Samnites with great Success forcing them four times to a Peace That they were successful against the Tarentines the Palepolitians the Aequi Hetrurians and Vmbrians That in this compass of Time several Dictators were created several Tribes added to the old ones and the Cawsey called Via Appia made by Appius Claudius one of the Censors At last the Tarentines in Confederacy with the Lucani Messapii Brutii Apulii and Samnites declared War against the Romans but the Confederates not being able to oppose the Romans growing Power were in a short time forced to send for Pyrrhus King of Epirus to come over and assist them who was the first Foreign Enemy the Romans had ever engaged Within this Period the Plebeians procured the Plebiscita to pass into Laws and to bind the Patritians which was confirmed by Q. Hortensius the Dictator and from him called Lex Hortensia A Law was made That not the Bodies but the Money and Goods of Debtors should be responsible for their Debts VIII Period from the first Wars with Pyrrhus to the first Punick or Carthaginian War lasted 16 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3671. Pyrrhus King of Epirus being invited into Italy by the Tarentines and others warred against the Romans defeated them twice offered to enter into an Alliance with them which was rejected went into Sicily to drive the Tyrants thence returned into Italy was routed by Curius the Roman Consul and privately retreated into Greece leaving a Garison behind him in Tarentum which was soon after surrendred to the Romans From this War with Pyrrhus the Romans learned Skill in Martial Affairs and particularly the Art of Encamping by taking the Camp of Pyrrhus as it was pitched During this War which lasted about 6 years Pyrrhus was astonished at the Generosity of the Romans and especially for their detecting the Villanous Designs of his Physician who had offered them for a small Gratuity to poison his Master Soon after his Departure the Romans subdued the Tarentines Samnites Lucanians Hetrurians and in a word compleated the Conquest of all Iâ—aly in the 489th year after the building of the City Within this Period Ptolemy Philadelphus King of Egypt sent Ambassadors to congratulate the Roman Success and to enter into an Alliance with them and they in Compliment did the same to him About the same time Silver was first coined in Rome the Money before being all Brass and a third Dictator created for driving a Nail into Iupiter's Temple to asswage the Plague that reigned in the City 279 IX Period from the beginning of the First Punick War to the beginning of the Second which lasted 47 Years Years of the World Years before Christ. 3687. Hitherto the Romans carried on their Wars only against their own Countrymâ—n the Italians but had never as yet set foot out of Italy till at last they declared War against the Carthaginians The Romans began this War in Defence of their Allies the Mamertines against whom Hiero King of Syracuse warring was assisted by the Carthaginians This War lasted 24 years the most remarkable Transactions whereof we think fit briefly to relate Appius Claudius one of the Consuls was sent into Sicily raised the Siege of Messana defeated Hiero and the Carthaginians twice and returned to Rome with a noble Triumph The next year both the Consuls were sent to Sicily and Hiero was affrighted into Obedience and an Alliance with the Romans After this the Romans having learned from the Carthaginians to build Galleys sent out a Fleet of about 120 Sail which engaged the Carthaginian Fleet and defeated them This first Victory by Sea was gained by Duilius one of the Consuls who afterwards raised the Siege of Aegesta and took Macella by Storm The next year they invaded the Islands of Sardinia and Corsica which they took from Hanno the Carthaginian General who was slain there Many Towns in Sicily were taken and lost on both Sides After this the Romans resolved to remove the Seat of War into Africk set out a Fleet of 330 Sail under the Command of Regulus and Manlius Consuls Regulus defeated the Carthaginians a second time by Sea made a Descent upon Affrick and became Master of Clupea a City seated on the Promontory of Hermea Regulus was left Proconsul there who afterwards engaged and killed a Serpent of a monstrous size was defeated and taken by the Carthaginians aided by Xantippus the Lacedemonian was afterwards sent to Rome upon his Parole to procure a Peace but in love to his Country more than his own Life disswaded the Romans from it and with unspeakable Courage returned to Carthage and died there in Torment At last the Romans proved so successful that they became Masters of all Sicily subdued the Carthaginians a third time by Sea under the Command of Catulus forced them to buy a Peace with a vast Sum of Money and submit to Conditions very Advantageous to the Romans In this War the most considerable Commanders among the Carthaginians were Annibal Amilcar and Asdrubal the first of which being the Admiral of their Fleet was crucified by his own Soldiers after he had been unfortunately beaten by the Romans at Sea 263 During these Wars abroad the People of Rome had no leisure to quarrel at home but all was quiet between the Patritians and Plebeians The year wherein the War was ended is another and the last Addition was made to the Tribes which now made up the Number 35. About this time the first Tragedies and Comedies were made by Livius Andronicus a Grecian who was afterwards followed by Nevius Soon after the Peace the Carthaginians fell into an Intestine War which lasted above 3 years and was ended by Amilcar After this the Romans were invited by the Sardinians into their Island which the Carthaginians stomack'd but were forced to yield not being in a Posture to begin a new War The sixth year after the Carthaginian War the Temple of Ianus was shut the second time the Romans being at Peace with all their Neighbours which lasted five years In the sixth it was opened by a War they had with Teuta the Queen of the Illyrians who had affronted the Romans by killing Lucius one of their Ambassadors They fought against the Illyrians both by Sea and Land took several Towns from them and forced them to beg Peace After this the Praetors were encreased to four two of which were sent to Sicily and Sardinia The Romans had Wars with the Cisalpine Gauls defeated them in several Rencounters and obliged them at last to submit About this time the Libertini or Freed Slaves