Saxony by 94600 Pounds In Dimension 't is eleven foot Diameter forty in Circuit and twelve High 4 In Nanking is another of eleven foot High and seven in Diamiter and weighing 50000 Pounds which also surpasseth the Bell of Erfurd weighing only 25400 Pounds yet hitherto suppos'd the greatest in the World by almost double its weight 5. In China are several Vulcano's particularly that Mountain call'd Lincsung which vomits out Fire and Ashes so furiously as frequently to raise some hideous Tempests in the Air. 6. Here are some Rivers whose Waters are cold at the top but warm beneath as also several remarkable Fountains which send forth so hot a Steam that People usually boil Meat over them 7. In this Country are several Lakes remarkable for changing Copper into Iron or making it just of the like resemblance as also for causing Storms when any thing is thrown into them 8. In the Island Haman there is said to be Water uncertain whether in Lake River or Fountain of such a strange quality that it petrifies some sort of Fishes when they unfortunately chance to enter into it 9. Many are those Triumphal Arches to be seen in most of the noted Cities of this Empire erected in Honour of such Persons as have either done some signal pieces of Service to the State or have been conspicuous in their times for their singular Knowledge 10. In this Country are several remarkable Bridges particularly that over a a River call'd Sâ—ffruny which reaches from one Mountain to another being Four hundred Cubits long and Five hundred high and all but one Arch whence 't is call'd by Travellers Pons volans Here likewise is another of Six hundred and sixty Perches in length and one and a half broad standing upon Three hundred Pillars without any Arches Lastly In China are many very observable Plants Animals and Fossils especially the last among which is the Asbestos But for a particular Account of ' em Vid. Kircherus's China Illustrata Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities are hardly to be expected her however this Country according to the Testimony of Popish Missionaries is furnisht with some of these Pekin Nanquin and Macao having each of 'em a particular Bishop nominated by the King of Portugal and the other Provinces are under the Jurisdiction of three Apostolical Vicars Under which Ecclesiastical Superiors there are by their Relations above Two hundred Churches or Private Chappels dedicated to the True God The Chinois Persons for the most part of a fair Complexion short Nosed black Eyed and of very thin Beards are great Lovers of Sciences and generally esteem'd a very ingenious sort of People They 're said to have had the use of Printing and Guns long before either of 'em was known in Europe Many of 'em are great Proficients in several Parts of the Mathematicks especially Arithmetick Geometry and Astronomy and so conceited are they of their own Knowledge in these things and so mean are their Thoughts of others that 't is generally reported of 'em that speaking of themselves they commonly say That they have two Eyes the Europeans one and the rest of the World none at all They who wholly apply themselves to the study of Sciences and make such proficiency in them as to become Doctors to others are distinguish'd by their long Nails suffering 'em sometimes to grow as long as their Fingers that being esteem'd a singular Characteristick of a profound Scholar and a differencing mark between them and Mechanicks The Language of the Chinois is extremely difficult to be acquir'd by Strangers and differeth from all others both as to its Nature Pronunciation and way of Writing 1. It s Nature They use no Alphabet as Europeans do and are astonish'd to hear that by Twenty four Letters we can express our Thoughts and fill Libraries with Books In lieu of an Alphabet they formerly us'd Hieroglyphicks setting down the Images of things for the things themselves but this being extreamly tedious and likeways defective there being no such Resemblances of pure Abstracts they then made Characters to signify Words numbring them according to the number of Words they needed to express their Idea's which Characters arise to such a prodigious multitude that not only Strangers but even the Natives themselves sind it a very difficult matter to acquire an intimate acquaintance with them all 2. It s Pronounciation Although all the Original Terms of this Tongue are Three hundred and thirty three yet such is their peculiar way of pronouncing them that the same Term admits of various and even contrary Significations according to the various Accent in pronouncing of it And of these Accenrs there are five applicable to every Term which extremely augments the difficulty of either speaking or understanding this Tongue to perfection besides the Pronunciation thereof is accompanied with such variety of Motions of the Hand that a mute Person can speak almost intelligibly by his Fingers And as to the Manner of Writing they differ from all other Nations for whereas Christians write from the Left hand to the Right and the Jews from the Right to the Left they usually make their Lines from the top of the Page down to the bottom This Great Kingdom was formerly under its own particular King or Emperor but of late over-run and conquer'd by the Tartars to whom it 's at present subject acknowledging due Allegiance to the Great Cham whose Government is as Despotical as any of the Oriental Monarchs for he hath full Power over the Lives of his Subjects the Princes of the Blood not excepted His bare Word is the Law and his Commands admit of no delay nor neglect He is seldom seen and never spoke with but upon the Knees Upon his Death-bed he may choose his Successor out of what Family he pleaseth For the better managing the great Affairs of this mighty Empire he 's assisted by two Sovereign Councils one Extraordinary compos'd of Princes of the Blood only and the other Ordinary which besides the Princes doth consist of several Ministers of State call'd Colaos But over and above these two Councils there are at Pekin six Sovereign Courts whose Authority extend over all the Empire and to each of 'em belong different Matters viz. 1. Is that Court call'd Lupou which presides over all the Mandarins and confers upon or takes from them their Offices 2. Hoâ—pou which looks after the Publick Treasury and takes care of raising the Taxes 3. Lipou which inspects into Ancient Customs and to it is committed the care of Religion Sciences and Foreign Affairs 4. Pimpou which hath charge of the Soldiery and other Officers 5. Himpou which enquires and passes Sentence in all Criminal Matters Lastly Compou which looks after all Publick Buildings as the Emperor's Palaces and such like In each of these Courts the Emperor hath one who may be term'd a Private Censor it being his business to observe all that passeth and to acquaint him faithfully therewith which makes all Persons
at other times on all four and so near is their resemblance to Human Shape that many of the Negroes either take them for Real Men imagining that by long continuance in the Woods they 're become Demi-Brutes or look upon them as the spurious Issue of unnatural Commixtures Some of our Modern Travellers would fain perswade the World that such Creatures are the Genuin Off-spring either of the Ancient Satyrs or Pygmies so famous among the Poets and so frequently mention'd by Pliny who spoke much of them by hear-say But others with more shew of probability do reckon them specifically the same with the Apes of Borneo already mention'd page 289. For a full and satisfactory Account of this remarkable Creature with a nice Examination of the various Conjectures about it I must refer the Reader to a particular Treatise on that Subiect now preparing for the Press by the Learned Dr. Teyson Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country are great Idolaters very Superstitious and much given to Stealing In Complexion they 're of the blakest sort and most of 'em walk quite Naked without the least shame Some of 'em on the Sea-Coast are given to Trading and understand Commerce tollerably well but generally they 're a cheating proud lazy and sluttish kind of People Remarkable is one fundamental Law or rather an Ancient Custom among some People upon the Quaqua-Coast viz. That every Person is oblig'd to betake himself to the same Trade or Imployment which his Fore-fathers have follow'd Upon the Death of a Husband in the Kingdom of Benin the Widow becomes wholly subject to her own Son if any and may be reckon'd among his number of Slaves only with this difference that she can't be sold without leave obtain'd from the immediate Prince of the Country where they live To kill a considerable number of Slaves at the Funeral of any great Person was a Custom almost universal through all Pagan Countries and particularly here but much worn out in these latter Ages The chief Language in this Country is that call'd Sungai which is also understood and spoken in several Adjacent Countries particularly Tombut and Melli. Of the several Tongues in use upon the Golden Coast That of the Acanistes is most universal being current almost all Guinea over except Anten Acara Ningo and Sinco which have each their particular Dialects The Trading Part of 'em understand and speak Portugueze This Country owneth Subjection to several Sovereigns the chief of whom is ordinarily stil'd the Emperor of Guinea to whom divers other Kings and Princes are subject Next to him is the King of Benin who is esteem'd a powerful Prince having several States Subject and Tributary unto him Paganism is the Religion of this Country the Profession whereof is attended with many ridiculous Superstitions and in some places on the Golden Coast that Diabolical Custom of offering up Human Sacrifices is still in use but not so current as formerly The Pythagorcan Opinion embrac'd by a great part of the Heathen World prevails mightily here Those of the Kingdom of Benin do own a Supreme Being whom they call by the Name of Orifa acknowledging him as the Creator of Heaven and Earth but think it needless to serve him because say they he being Infinitely Good will be sure not to hurt them On the very contrary Account they 're very careful in paying their Devotions and offering Sacrifices to the Devil or some bad Spirit who they think is the cause of all their Calamities They likeways offer up a yearly Sacrifice to the Sea reckoning thereby to appease the Waves and procure calm and peaceable Weather In several other parts of this Country are neither Idol nor Temple and many of the People seem to entertain but very slender hopes of a future State and wholly deny the Resurrection of the Body except those who are kill'd in the Wars Which Exception hath been undoubtedly inculcated upon 'em by some of their Princes and that probably out of a Political Design SECT VII Concerning Nubia  d. m. Situated between 42 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S. W. is about 840 Miles 57 00 between 09 30 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 570 Miles 23 00 Nubia North the River Nuba chief Towns are Samna South Nubia THIS Country known formerly under the same Name is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Nubia by the French Nubie by the Germans Nubien and by the English Nubia so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Nubi or Nubii or according to others the Nobadoe and Nobades and finally some would derive its Name from Nuabia once the Capital City of the whole Country The Air of this Country is every where extreamly hot it being seldom qualifi'd with Showers of Rain The opposite Place of the Globe to Nubia is part of Mare de'l Zur lying between 220 and 240 Degrees of Longitude with 9 and 23 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 2d and 3d North Climate is said to be very fertil in those Parts adjacent to the River Nile but elsewhere 't is generally very barren being cumbered with many formidable Mountains of Sand. Here is good store of Elephants some Sugar-Canes and as several report a few Mines of Gold The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the South-most 11 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Civet Sugar Ivory Arms c. In divers Parts of Nubia are still extant the Ruins of many Christian Churches being reckon'd one hundred and fifty in all with several Pictures of our Blessed Saviour the Virgin Mary and many Saints Most observable is that strange subtile Poyson produc'd in this Country one Grain thereof being able to kill ten Men in a quarter of an Hour It 's commonly sold at an hundred Ducats an Ounce but never to Strangers unless they promise by Oath not to use it in these Parts of the World Remarkable is this Country for being the Birth-place of the famous Nubian Geographer Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Nubians of a Colour extraordinary Black are said to be a strong couragious and cunning sort of People much given to War very Laborious and many of 'em exceeding Wealthy there being establisht a considerable Traffick between them and the Merchants of Grand Caire in Egypt The Nubians have a particular Language of their own which hath some Affinity with the Arabick and Chaldean as also some agreement with the old Egyptian Tongue This Country is govern'd by its own Independent King who is said to be a very Powerful Prince One of his Predecessors call'd Cyriacus upon Information of the Christians being oppress'd in Egypt is reported to have rais'd one hundred thousand Horse for their relief This spacious Country was once Christian but the Ministry
same in the Apostolick Age. §. 3. Syria by the Turks Suristan MOdern Syria comprehends Syria properly so call'd 2 Phoenicia or Phoenice 3. Palestine or Judaea These Divisions of Syria especially the first and last being remarkable Countries somewhat of each of 'em distinctly and in their order Therefore Syria properly so call'd THIS Country known formerly by the same Name of Syria but different in Bounds is term'd by the Italians Siria by the Spaniards Syria by the French Sourie by the Germans Syrien and by the English Syria but why so call'd is much controverted among our Modern Criticks with little shew of probability for the truth of their various Opinions on either hand The Air of this Country is pure and serene the Sky being seldom overcast with Clouds and in most parts very healthful to breath in only in the Months of June July and August 't is extraordinary hot if it prove either Calm or a gentle Wind from the Desert but as a repeated Miracle of Providence these Months are generally attended with cool Westerly Breezes from the Mediterranean The opposite Place of the Globe to Syria is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 250 and 254 Degrees of Longitude with 33 and 38 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in part of the 5th and 6th North Climate is extraordinary fertil where duly manur'd producing most sorts of Grain and Fruits in great abundance Here are indeed several rocky and barren Mountains yet no Country in the World can boast of more pleasant large and fertil Plains than this Plains of such a fâ—t and tender Soil that the Peasants in many places do Till 'em up with Wooden Culters and that commonly by the assistance of one Horse or two Bullocks to draw the Plough But the Beauty and Excellency of this Country is mightily eclips'd by various sad and melancholy Objects that present themselves to the Eye of the Traveller viz. many Cities Towns and Villages which were formerly well-stockt with Inhabitants and compactly Built but now quite depopulated and laid in Ruins as also many Ancient Christian Churches once very splendid and magnificent Structures but now mere heaps of Rubbish and the ordinary Residence of Wild Beasts Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 14 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 9 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably Here it may not be improper to rectify a gross mistake of our Modern Geographers who treating of Syria make the River of Aleppo as they call it to fall into the Euphrates and assert it to be Navigable up to the City whereas it hath no Communication with Euphrates at all but is almost of a quite contrary Course to that in the Maps and so far from being a Navigable River that 't is little better than a mere Brook or at best but a small inconsiderable Rivulet having its rise a little way South-East from Aleppo and gliding gently along by the City loseth it self under Ground at a few Miles distance on the other side The chief Commodities of this Country especially those of Aleppo which is the second City of the Turkish Empire and one of the greatest Trade of any in the Levant being the Center of Commerce between the Mediterranean and East-Indies as also the Seat of one of the most flourishing of all our English Factories abroad are Silks Chamlets Valaneed Galnuts Cotton Mohairs Soap Galls Jewels Spices and Drugs of all sorts c. About six days Journey S. S. E. from Aleppa is the famous Pabnyr a or Tadmor now wholly in Ruins yet such Remains of many Porphyry Pillars and remarkable Inscriptions are still extant as sufficiently evince its former State and Magnificence For a particular Draught and Description of it Vid. Phil. Transact N. 217 218. 2. About onâ— hours Riding from the aforesaid Tadmor is a large Valley of Salt which is more probably thought to be that mention'd 2 Sam. 8. 13. where King David smote the Syrians than the other about four hours from Aleppo though commonly taken for such 3. On the side of a Hill nigh to Aleppo is a Cave or Grotto remarkable among the Turks for being as they say the Residence of Mortis Ali for some Days where is also the rough Impression of a Hand in the hard Rock which they believe was made by him 4. Under one of the Gates of Aleppo is a place for which the Turks have a great Veneration keeping Lamps continually burning in it because according to a receiv'd Tradition among 'em the Prophet Elisha did live there for some time 5. In the Wall of a Mosque in the Suburbs of Aleppo is a Stone of two or three Foot square which is wonderfully regarded by the more superstitious sort of Christians because in it is a natural but obscure Resemblance of a Chalice environ'd as 't were with some faint Rays of Light Such strange Apprehensions do the Romanists in these Parts entertain concerning this Stone that for the purchase of it vast Sums of Money have been proferr'd by them to the Turks but as gross Superstition in the former did hatch the Proposal so the same in the latter produc'd the refusal the Turks being inexorable when requested to sell or give that which was once so Sacred as to become the constituent Part of a Mosque 6. Belonging to the Jacobite Patriarch in Aleppo are two fair M. S. of the Gospels written on large Parchment-sheets in Syrian Characters and these either Gold or Silver with variety of curious Miniature 7. Between Aleppo and Alexandretta or Scanderoon are the goodly Ruins of several stately Christian Churches with variety of Stone-Coffins lying above ground in divers places and many Repositories for the Dead hewen out of the firm Rock 8. In the large Plain of Antioch being fifteen Leagues long and three broad is a stately Cawsey crossing almost the breadth of the Plain and passing over several Arches under which some pleasant Rivulets do gently glide all which was begun and finish'd in six Months time by the Grand Visier in the Reign of Achmet and that for a speedy Passage of the Grand Signior's Forces to suppress the frequent Revolts in the Eastern Parts of his Empire 9 Nigh to the Factory Marine at Scanderoon is a large but unfinish'd Building commonly call'd Scanderbeg's Castle being vulgarly suppos'd to have been erected by that Valiant Prince of Albania in the carreer of his Fortune against the Turks but 't is more probably thought to be of an ancienter Date having thereon the Arms of Godfrey of Bulloign Lastly In the Eastmost part of Scanderoon-Bay is a ruinous old Building known commonly by the Name of Jonah's Pillar erected as the Modern Greeks alledge in that very place where the Whale did vomit him forth It 's indeed much and not undeservedly doubted whether that Monument was erected there upon such an Occasion but 't is
and 235 Degrees of Longitude with 22 and 32 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is somewhat Barren the Ground for the most part being very Sandy yet in some low Valleys is found Corn and great Quantity of Dates The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very few they chiefly consisting in Corn Cattle Dates and Indigo A certain River whose Origine is in Mount Atlas but watereth the Plains of Bildulgerid in its main Body passing by a Town call'd Teolacha hath a Current of Water extreamly warm and is known to European Travellers by no other Name than la Riviere Chaude or the Hot River 2. There 's another River issuing out of the Mountains of Numidia and passing by the four Forts of Ifran disgorgeth it self into the main Ocean between Bojadore and the Town of Nun which in the Winter-time when other Rivers do usually swell over their Banks grows commonly dry and goes thereupon by the Frank Name of la Riviere Seche 3. Nigh the aforesaid Teolacha is a little Village call'd Deusen which is of great Antiquity being built by the Romans as appears by the Remains of several Structures and some Roman Sepulchres besides variety of Medals found frequently after a Rain having commonly a Head upon one side of 'em with Latin Inscriptions and Trophies on the other Vid Dapper 's late Description of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Inhabitants of this Country besides the Natives being chiefly Arabs are generally Ignorant Cruel Lecherous and much given to Robbing All we can learn of the Language commonly us'd by the Natives of this Country is that 't is as Rude and Barbarous as they themselves The Arabs here residing do still retain their own Tongue This great Body is subject unto several little Kings or Lords who for the most part are Tributary to the Great Turk and Emperor of Morocco Some places are govern'd in Form of Independent Commonwealths and others are without any kind of Government or Order among them The Religion profess'd by the Savage Inhabitants of this Country is that of Mahometanism but many of 'em are sunk into the grossest Stupidity as to Religious Matters either not knowing what they profess or professing as good as none at all Here are several Jews scatter'd up and down those places best inhabited The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country much about the same time with Barbary Of which already SECT IV. Concerning Zaara or the Desert  d. m. Situated between 02 00 of Long. Itsgreatest Length from W to E. is about 2340 Miles 50 00 between 21 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 330 Miles 28 00 Zaara or the Desert comprehends the Provinces of Borno Chief Town Idem From W. to E. Gaogo Idem Bardoa Idem Lempta Idem Targa Idem Zuenziga Idem Zanhaga Tagassa THIS Country a Part of Ancient Lybia the Seat of the Getuli and Garamantes is term'd by the Italians Zaara by the Spaniards Zaara o Desierto by the French Zahara ou Desert by the Germans Zaara or Wijste and by the English Zaara or the Desert so call'd by the Arabians the Name signifying a Desert because 't is a Country very Barren and thinly inhabited The Air of this Country is much the same as in Bildulgerid only a little more hot yet very wholsome to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Zaara is that part of Mare del Zur and Mare Pacificum dying between 182 and 243 Degrees of Longitude with 21 and 28 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate being generally very Dry and Sandy is not fertil either for Corn or Fruits yea 't is generally so barren that its Inhabitants can hardly live Such are those vast Deserts and terrible Mountains of Sand in this Country that Travellers are frequently reduc'd to great Extremities being liable either to be overwhelm'd with Sand if a Tempest of Wind arise or to perish with Thirst if it chance not to Rain To prevent the last of these the first being unavoidable in case of Wind they commonly kill one of their Camels and drink the Water in his Stomach those Creatures taking in so large a quantity at one time as sufficeth Nature for fourteen or fifteen Days together The longest Day in the Northmost Part is about 13 Hours¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours¾ and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are very inconsiderable they chiefly consisting in a few Camels Dates and Cattle Nigh to C. Bojadore on the West of Zahara are certain Banks of Sand stretching along that part of the Coast towards which so strong a Current sets in that the Water being in a mighty Agitation both Waves and Sand mixing together do not only resemble a boiling Salt-pan but also they frequently mount up to a prodigious height 2. In the Desert of Araoan are two Tombs with Inscriptions upon 'em importing that the Persons there interr'd were a rich Merchant and a poor Carrier who both di'd of Thirst and that the former had given ten thousand Ducats for one Cruise of Water 3. North of Gaogo are some Vesligia of the Ancient Cyrene the chief City of Lybia Cyrenaica and formerly one of the famous Pentapolis Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Inhabitants of this Country being mostly Arabs are an Ignorant Brutish and Savage kind of People resembling rather Wild Beasts than Rational Creatures What was said of the Language spoken by the Natives of Bildulgerid the same may be affirm'd of that commonly us'd in this Country viz. that it 's as Rude and Barbarous as they who speak it This great Country is subject to several particular Lords whom they term Xeques but many of 'em wander up and down hunting in great Companies accounting themselves Independant This Country being stockt with Arabs the only Religion here profess'd is that of Mahomet's but so Barbarous and Brutish is the generality of this People that many of 'em live without the least sign of Religion among them The Christian Faith was once planted here but quite exterminated towards the beginning of the Eighth Century SECT V. Concerning the Land of the Negroes  d. m. Situated between 00 10 of Long. It s greatest Length from W. to E. is about 2280 Miles 46 20 between 10 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 600 Miles 23 10 The Land of the Negroes comprehends the Provinces of Genohoa Chief Town Idem From W. to E. upon the North of the Niger Galata Idem Tombut Idem Agades Idem Cano Idem Cassena Idem Guangara Idem Melli Idem From W. to E. upon the South of the Niger Mandinga Idem
failing the Inhabitants for want of Pastors fell off from Christianity and in process of time became either strict Mahometans or Gross Idolaters The Sound of the Blessed Gospel did reach the Nubians and was cordially receiv'd by them in the earliest Ages of the Church SECT VIII Concerning Ethiopia  d. m. Situated between 35 20 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S. W. is about 3600 Miles 73 20 between 23 00 of Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 2180 Miles 34 30 It being divided into Ethiopia Interior Exterior Ethiopia Interior comprehends many Provinces the chief of which are Barnagasso Chief Town Barva N. to S. Tigremahon Chaxumo Dobassat Dobas Fatigar Idem Angote Idem Amara Idem S. to N. Beleguanze Idem Bagamedri Idem Exterior comprehends the Kingdoms of Biafara Chief Town Idem N. to S. on the W. of the Abyssins Loango Idem Congo Salvador Angola Idem Empires of Monoemungi Camure N. to S on the South of the Abyssines Monomotapa Idem Coasts of Cafres Cofala Zangucbar Melinda S to N. on the E. of the Abyssins Ajan Brava Abex Erecco THIS vast Complex Body being generally considered as divided into these Two Classes viz. Upper and Lower or rather Ethiopia Interior and Exterior I shall seperately Treat of them both Therefore §. 1. Ethiopia Interior or the Land of the Abyssines THIS Country but badly known to the Ancients and much encroach'd upon of late by Neighbouring Princes is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Abyssinia by the French l' Empire des Abyssins by the Germans Abyssinen and by the English Ethiopia Interior or The Land of the Abyssines It 's call'd Interior because of its Situation in respect of the other Ethiopia being encompass'd by the same on three sides and Abyssinia either from the River Abas or its Inhabitants whom the Arabians call Abassi a People once residing in Arabia Foelix The Name in the Egyptian Language signifieth Scattered Nations This Country being wholly within the Torrid Zone its Air is generally very hot but yet in some Valleys extreamly cool and temperate by reason of the many and prodigious high Mountains so situated in divers places that at certain times of the Year they intercept the Sun-beams from low Valleys lying between them The opposite Place of the Globe to the Land of the Abyssines is part of Mare de'l Zur and Mare Pacificum lying between 215 and 252 Degrees of Longitude with 10 and 23 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d 3d North and 1st 2d 3d South Climate is very different for in some places adjacent to the numerous Branches of the Nile the Ground is sit to produce most sorts of Grain Fruits and Herbs in great plenty but in those that are Mountainous and Remote from the Nile nothing is to be seen but vast Deserts sandy Mountains and formidable Rocks This Land is also said to produce great store of Sugar-Canes Mines of Iron a great quantity of Flax and plenty of Vines but the Inhabitants either know not or care not to make use of these things to any considerable advantage The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Metals some Gems Corn Cattle Salt Flax Wines Sugar-Canes c. Many are the Natural Salt-Pits of excellent Rock-Salt in this Country and in the Confines of Dancala and Tigra two Adjacent Kingdoms is a large Plain of four days Journey one side whereof is intirely crusted over with pure white Salt which serves the Inhabitants of the Country both far and near some hundreds of Camels Asses and Mules being daily imploy'd in carrying of it 2. In the Mountains of Gojame is a great natural hollow Rock opposite to which is another so situated that according to Travellers Accounts of those Parts a Word only whispered on its top is heard at a considerable distance and the joint Voices of several Persons speaking at once appear as loud as a great Shout of a numerous Army 3. Of the many Christian Temples in this vast Empire there are ten stately ones hewen out of the firm Rock which are reported to have been all perfected in twenty four Years and each of 'em are said to be proportionable in all its Parts with Gates and Windows in a most regular manner For the Ichnography of one of those Temples Vid. Comment J. Ludolphi in Historiam suam Ethiopicam lib. 2. cap. 5. page 235. 4. In several Lakes of this Country and the River Nile is frequently seen that amphibious Creature call'd by the Ethiopians Bihat and Hippopotamus by the Greeks because of its having some resemblance to a Horse in several Parts of the Body This is that Creature which goes by the Name of Behemoth in the Book of Job according to the Learned Bochartus De Animalilus S. S. Part 2. cap. 15. who therein differs extreamly from the Vulgar and formerly receiv'd Opinion in this matter 5. In other Lakes and Rivers is sometimes taken the Torpil Fish whose Nature is such that if a Person only touch it he 's suddenly seiz'd with an excessive Cold and Trembling The Natives are said to allay the violent Heat of burning Fevers by touching the Patient therewith 6. Of the many curious Birds in this Country the Pipis is most observable as being the ready Conductor of Hunters to find out their Game for having discover'd any Beast in his luâ—king place he 's said to fly towards the Huntsmen and calling incessantly Fonton Kerre which imports that they should follow him he flies softly before them and is sure to conduct them to their desired Prey 7 Great is the variety of strange Animals to be seen in various Provinces of this vast Empire the most noted of which are these three First That Creature commonly call'd by the Natives Arweharis and by the Arabs Harish or Harshan which hath one long Horn in its Forehead Whereupon some conclude that this is the famous Unicorn of the Ancients Secondly The Cameleopard so term'd from having a Head and Neck like a Camel and a spotted Body as a Leopard which is said to have so long Legs that a Man mounted on an ordinary Horse may easily pass under his Belly without so much as touching him Lastly The Zecora which is generally reckon'd the most comely Creature of all Quadrupeds whatsoever For a particular Account of these and many more in this Country Vid. Ludolphus abovemention'd Lib. 1. Cap. 10. And the Learned Bochartus his Hierozoicon Part 1. Lib. 3. To these Rarities of this Country I might here add the thrice famous Mountain of Amara which ought indeed to lead the Van rather than bring up the Reer if only a tenth part of what hath been related of it were really true As for the Sabbatical River mention'd both by Pliny and Josephus
in triming of Ships with good success and preferable to the ordinary Pitch in those hot Countries being able to resist the scorching Heat of the Sun-Beams Vid. Purchas his Pilgrims Part 4. Lib. 6. Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of St. Fee de Bagota Bishopricks four viz. those of Popayan Carthagena Panama St. Martha None The Natives of this Country being Persons of a tawny Colour and for the most part of very robust and proper Bodies are a People that 's very healthful and generally live to great Ages notwithstanding the Air they breath in is none of the best They spend most of their time in Hunting and such like Diversions as the generality of other Americans do and commonly they walk naked above their Middles Here is a great Diversity of Languages among the Natives and each of these divided into several Dialects The Europeans here settl'd retain the several Languages peculiar to their respective Countries from whence they came This spacious Country is in a great part subject to the King of Spain and govern'd by the Vice-Roy of Mexico under whom are several Deputy-Governors in divers Parts for the better management of the whole and for an equal Distribution of Justice every where there are establisht many Courts of Judicatory in which all Causes whether Civil or Criminal are heard and determin'd Some of the Midland Provinces are as yet free from the Spanish Power being still maintain'd by the Natives who acknowledge Subjection unto and are govern'd by the Heads or Eldest of their Families The Natives of this Country especially in the Midland Provinces are gross Idolaters Nigh unto and upon the River Wiapoco is a certain Nation call'd Marashewaccas whose Object of Religious Worship is a monstrous Idol of Stone set up in a most frightful Posture For it is fashion'd like a very big Man sitting upon his Heels resting his Elbows upon his Knees and holding forwards the Palms of his Hands and looking upwards doth gape with his Mouth wide open The different Europeans here residing are of the same Religion with that establisht in the respective Countries from whence they came SECT VII Concerning Peru.  d. m. Situated between 290 30 of Long. Itsgreatest Length from N. to S. is about 1440 Miles 307 10 between 25 30 of S. Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 480 Miles 01 00 of N. Lat. Peru comprehends the Province of Posto Chief Town Poston From N. to S. Los Quixos Baesa Pacamores Valladolid Quiâ—c Idem Peru Lima Los Careaâ— Potosi THIS Country discovered by the Spaniards Anno 1525. is term'd Peru by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English so call'd according to the best of Criticks from a certain Rivulet which bore that Name among the Indians at the Spaniards first arrival The Air of this Country is of a very different Nature being in some places extremely hot and in others extraordinary sharp and piercing The Wind upon this Coast according to J. Acosta blows always from the South and South-West contrary to what 's usual between the Tropicks and is not violent tempestuous or unhealthful as elsewhere but very moderate and agreeable He further observes That all along the Coast call'd Lanos it never Rains Thunders Snows nor Hails yet very frequently a little out at Sea And that among the Andes it Rains in a manner continually The opposite Place of the Globe to Peru is that part of the Gulf of Bengale between 110 and 127 Degrees of Longitude with 1 and 25 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 1st 2d and 3d South Climate consisteth of many large and pleasant Vallies with divers high and lofty Mountains The Vallies in some places especially towards the Sea-Coasts are very Sandy and frequently subject to Earth Quakes in other places they are very rich and the Air extremely sultry The Mountains particularly the Andes are for the most part continually Cold in their Tops yet exceeding fertil and generally lin'd with most costly Mines beyond any Country in the World witness the famous lofty Hill of Potozi in the Province of Los Carcas It is universally esteem'd the richest of all the Foreign Plantations belonging to the Spaniard The longest Day in the Northmost Part of Peru is about 12 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 10 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold and Silver in vast quantities costly Pearls and abundance of Cotton Tobacco Cocheneel Medicinal Drugs c. There 's a high Mountain in Peru call'd Periacaca to whose Top if any Person ascend he 's suddenly taken with a terrible sit of Vomiting And many Travellers endeavouring to pass over the Desert of Punas have been benumm'd on a sudden and faln down dead which makes that way wholly neglected of late 2. On the Tops of the highest Mountains in Peru as in other Parts of the World are frequently found some considerable Lakes several of which are very hot 3 In the Valley of Tarapaya near to Potozi is a very hot Lake of a Circular Form whose middle part for about twenty Foot square continually boils up and though the Water is so extreamly warm yet the Soil about the Lake is extraordinary cold 4 At the Baths of Ingua is a Stream of Water almost boiling hot and hard by it doth issue forth another Stream as cold as Ice 5. In the Province of Loc Carcas is another Spring of Water so very hot that one can't hold his Finger in it for the short space of one Ave-Maria And somewhere else in this County is a Fountain out of which there issueth a considerable Current of a Colour almost as red as Blood 6. Near to Cusco is a Spring whose Waters turn into pure white Salt wherewith the whole Country adjacent is supply'd 7 Among the Quick-Silver Mines in Guaniavilica is a Fountain of hot Water whose Current having run a considerable way turns at last into a soft kind of Rock which being easily cut and yet very lasting is usually imploi'd for building of Houses thereabouts 8 Nigh C. S. Helene and all along the Coast are many Fountains of Coppey a Substance resembling Pitch and frequently us'd as such or Gultran Rozen which flow in such abundance that Ships at Sea out of sight of Land can give a shrewd guess where they are by the very smell of such Fountains providing there be a gentle Breeze from the Shore 9. In divers Parts of Peru are still Extant the Ruins of many stately Indian Temples particularly that call'd the Pachamana about four Leagues from â—â—ma And another in the City of Dusco which might have been formerly accounted the American Pantheon for the Idols of all Nations conquer'd by the Inguas were always brought thither and there set up 10 Among the Curiosities of this Country we may also reckon the Cucujus Peruvianus or Lanthorn-Fly An Insect of a
of those Towns How such Towns are most readily found Name 3 Things viz. How term'd by the Ancients The various Modern Appellations The Etymology of the English Name Air 2 Things viz. It s Nature as to Heat and Cold c. The Antipodes of that part of the Globe Soil 3 Things viz. The proper Climate thereof It s natural Product The Extent of Days and Nights Commodities Those in particular which the Country produceth Rarities 2 Things viz. Those of Nature where certain Those of Art especially Monuments of Antiquity Archbishopricks 2 Things viz. their Number Bishopricks 2 Things Universities 2 Things Names Manners 2 Things viz. The Natural Temper of the People The most noted Customs Language 2 Things viz. It s Composition and Propriety Pater-Noster as a Specimen thereof Government 2 Things viz. It s Nature or Real Constitution The Publick Courts of Judicatory Arms. 2 Things viz. The true Coat quartered The proper Motto Religion 2 Things viz. The chief Tenets thereof When and by whom Christianity was planted if ever The Reader can't here exspect a very large Account of all these several Heads it being impossible in so little room as the narrow Compass of a Compend allows to say the half of what might be said upon many of them however he may here find all those things that are most essential These few Sheets being an Abstract of what is more largely express'd in the greatest Volums Several of those Heads abovemention'd being Subjects that don't much admit of new Relations I reckon my self no Plagiary to grant that I 've taken th' assistance of others esteeming it needless sometimes to alter the Character either of a People or Country when I found it succinctly worded by a credible Pen. Here the Reader may be pleas'd to know That in treating of all Countries I 've made their Situation my only Rule beginning still with those towards the North excepting North America where I thought good to end at the Pole But as touching the Analytical Tables of this Treatise the main Business of the Book their Design and Use in short is To present to the Eye at one view a compleat Prospect of a Country in all its remarkable Divisions Subdivisions and Chief Towns with the manner how all these are most readily found The Letters of N. S. W. E. signifying the four Cardinal and N. W. N. E. S W. S. E. the four Intermediate Points of the Compass being affixt to the outside of the various Braces in the aforesaid Tables do express the Situation of the Parts of any Country there mention'd as page 44. where the Divisions of Africa are said to be found from N. to S. If only Cities and Towns and no Divisions of a Country are set down then these Letters have the same Relation to them shewing their Situation in respect of one another If a little Brace fall within a greater as page 44. where Egypt and Barbary have their peculiar Brace this is to show that those two Countries are taken together and consider'd as one Division when reckon'd with the following Countries in respect of their Situation express'd on the backside of the outmost Brace the same is to be said of Cities and Towns if only such are set down But finally if neither Divisions nor Towns can be so ordered as to have their Situation express'd in a conjunct manner then the respective Distance of such Towns from some remarkable City is particularly declar'd in English Miles as page 144. where those in the Circle of Suabia are so set down If it be objected that not all but only the Chief Towns of every Country are mention'd in these Tables To this I answer That to mention all were needless for I presume that he who knows the true Situation of the fifty two Counties of England and can readily point at the Chief Town in each of 'em may easily find any other in the same County if express'd in the Map Besides the business of a Geographical Tract is not so much to heap up a vast multitude of Names as to shew the Divisions and Subdivisions of every Country with the Principal Town in each of 'em and how all such are most readily found If it be farther objected that neither the Analytical Tables of this Treatise nor the various Descriptions of Countries annext to them are any thing of a new Discovery in the Science of Geography but only the bare Crambe recocta of those who have gone before us To this I answer That the Tables are indeed materially the same with others and otherways it cannot be unless we of this Age were so extremely fortunate as to make a compleat Discovery of all the Countries and Towns as yet unknown or so absurdly ridiculous as to Coin new Names for those we know already yet notwithstanding of this they are highly preferable to all others whatsoever For such Tables hitherto publish'd whether English French or Dutch being only a bare Catalogue of Names confus'dly set down without any due Order and Method are of so little use to the Reader that his Pains are still the same as before to find out those Names in the Map Whereas the Tables of the following Treatise are so contriv'd by particular Directions on the out-side of their respective Braces that he may point at those various Countries and Towns in the Map almost as fast as he can read their Names in the Table And as touching the Descriptions of those Countries and their Inhabitants 't were indeed most unreasonable to exspect a Narrative of them compleately new unless it be in those Countries which have undergone such wonderful Changes that the very face of Things is compleatly New or some remote Parts of the World where latter Intelligence hath rectifi'd former Mistakes Besides 't is not so much my present Design in the following Tract to present the Reader with perfectly new Relations except in such Cases abovemention'd as to Abridge and Methodize those already known And this sufficiently answers the proposed End of the Treatise being calculated as I already binted for those who are mere Strangers to Geography or at least but young Proficients in that excellent Science I mean the generality of them who either attend our Publick Schools or Study under the Care and Conduct of private Tutors And so much for the Second Part. To these Two Parts is annext an Appendix comprehending the European Plantations whether Countries Towns or Factories in Asia Africa and America As also some Proposals I hope very reasonable and I wish acceptable concerning the Propagation of the Blessed Gospel in all Pagan Countries This in short is the Sum and Method of the following Geographical Treatise which as I said is principally design'd for the use and benefit of the younger Sort of our Nobility and Gentry And did such Persons apply their Minds in their younger Years to this most useful and diverting Science 't is more than probable that they might thereby avoid these many and gross
some Paradoxical Positions in Matters of Geography or a few infallible Truths in Masquerade which mainly depend upon a thorough Knowledge of the Globe and are equally certain with the aforesaid Theorems though many of them may possibly appear to some as the greatest of Fables Lastly We shall take a Transient Survey of the whole Surface of the Terraqueous Globe as it consists of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts Of these five General Heads separately and in their order Therefore SECT I. Containing some necessary Geographical Definitions Def. 1. GEography a Science both pleasant and profitable doth mainly consist in giving a true Description of the exterior Part or Surface of the Earthly Globe as 't is compos'd of Land and Water especially the former That Geography doth merit the Title of Science in several Respects and that the knowledge thereof is attended both with Pleasure and Profit is so universally granted by all who make any considerable Progress therein that to enter upon a Probation of it would be every whit as superfluous as if one should go about to evince that the Sun is risen at Noon-day It derives its compound Name from the two Greek Primitives of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Terra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 scribo vel describo and differeth from Cosmography quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vel 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Mundi Descriptio as a part doth from the whole as also from Chorography and Topography quasi 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Regionis ac Loci Descriptio as the Whole from its Parts By a true Description of the Exterior Part of the Globe of the Earth we understand purely an Account of the Situation Extent Divisions and Subdivisions of all remarkable Countries on the Surface of the said Globe together with the Names of their Cities and Chief Towns and that accordingly as those Countries are already projected to our Hands upon particular Geographical Maps and not an actual Survey or Mensuration of them which the Science of Geography presupposeth and which properly belongs to Geodaesia or the Art of Surveying Land In giving such a Description of Countries as aforesaid doth the Science of Geography properly consist as for other Narratives relating either to Countries themselves or their Inhabitants and which commonly swell up Geographical Tracts we reckon them though the more pleasant part of this Study rather the Fringes of Geography than its real or essential Parts In the foregoing Definition we intirely restrict the Science of Geography to the exterior Part or Surface of the Earthly Globe and that as it 's compos'd of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts designing thereby to distinguish it from Natural Philosophy which in its curious and pleasant Enquiries reacheth not only the said Surface in all its constituent Parts but also the whole Globe of the Earth with the whole Body of the Atmosphere surrounding the same yea and even the outmost imaginable Expanse of the Firmament it self We again restrict that Science mainly to one Part of the aforesaid Surface viz. the Dry Land thereby to distinguish it from Hydrography which particularly treateth of the other namely Water The Object therefore of Geography in a large Sense is the whole Surface of the Ball of the Earth consisting of Land and Water as its sole constituent Parts or in a strict and more proper Sense only One of those Parts to wit the Firm Land For the more distinctly viewing of which Parts and the better comprehending of the Science of Modern Geography in the true Fundamentals thereof we shall begin with that Artificial Representation of the Earthly Ball commonly call'd the Terraqueous Globe Def. 2. The Terraqueous Globe is an Artificial Spherical Body on whose Convex Part is truly represented the whole Surface of the Ball of the Earth as it consists of Land and Water That this Globe is term'd Terraqueous from Terra and Aqua the two constituent Parts of its Surface or Terrestrial to distinguish it from the Coelestial or finally the Artificial Globe as a differencing Mark from the Natural or Real Globe of the Earth are all so notoriously known that the least Illustration were wholly superfluous We reckon it also superfluous to show that there is a true Resemblance in Figure between the Artificial and Natural Globe or that the Body of the Earth is truly Spherical This being now beyond all dispute and never at least very rarely call'd in question except it be only by Women and Children But here note That in the following Treatise we intirely restrict our selves to this Globe so that wheresoever the Name of Globe is indefinitely mention'd we are never to understand the Coelestial Note also that wheresoever we are upon the Surface of the Natural Globe that the Point in the Heavens exactly Vertical to us is term'd our Zenith and that Point diametrically opposite thereto is stil'd our Nadir which are two corrupted Arabian Terms in Astronomy importing what is here asserted of them The first observables that present themselves to our view in treating of the Globe are its Axis and Poles Def. 3. The Axis is an imaginary Line passing through the Center of the real Globe of the Earth upon which the whole Frame thereof is supposed to turn round It s term'd Axis from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 quod circa illam agatur Terra As this Axis in the Natural Globe is an imaginary Line so in Artificial Globes its a real one it being a streight piece of Iron or solid Wood passing through the middle of the Globe as the Axle-tree of a Wheel Def. 4. The Poles are the two Extremities of the Axis one whereof is term'd the North or Arctick and the other the South or Antarctick They are call'd Poles from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 verto because upon them the whole Frame of the Globe turneth round The North is term'd Arctick from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a Bear because the real North Pole in the Heavens is commonly taken for a certain noted Star in that Constellation which bears the Name of the Little Bear And the South is stil'd Antarctick from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ursa because of its Diametrical Opposition to the other The Terraqueous Globe being a Spherical Body as aforesaid turning round upon its own Axis For the better understanding of that Globe in all its exterior Parts and the various Operations perform'd by the same we are to conceive it not only as a bare Spherical Body but also as such a Body surrounded with many imaginary Circles the chief of which are Eight divided into Five Parallel viz. The Equator The two Tropicks The two Polar Circles Three not Parallel viz. The Horizon The Meridian The Zodiack Otherwise divided into Four Greater viz. The Horizon The Meridian The Equator The Zodiack Four Lesser viz. The two Tropicks The two Polar Circles Def. 5. The Horizon is that great Circle which
13. There is a certain Island in the vast Atlantick Ocean which being descry'd by a Ship at Sea and bearing due East of the said Ship at twelve Leagues distance per Estimation The truest Course for hitting of the said Island is to steer six Leagues due East and just as many due West Par. 14. There is a remarkable Place on the Globe of the Earth of a very pure and wholsome Air to breath in yet of such a strange and detestable Quality that it 's absolutely impossible for two of the intirest Friends that ever breath'd to continue in the same in Mutual Love and Friendship for the space of two Minutes of time Par. 15. There is a certain Island in the Baltick Sea to whose Inhabitants the Body of the Sun is clearly visible in the Morning before he ariseth and likewise in the Evening after he is set Par. 16. There is a certain Village in the Kingdom of Naples situated in a very low Valley and yet the Sun is nearer to the Inhabitants thereof every Noon by 3000 Miles and upwards than when he either riseth or setteth to those of the said Village Par. 17. There is a certain Village in the South of Great Britain to whose Inhabitants the Body of the Sun is less visible about the Winter Solstice than to those who reside upon the Island of Ice-land Par. 18. There is a vast Country in Ethiopia Superior to whose Inhabitants the Body of the Moon doth always appear to be most enlightned when she 's least enlightned and to be least when most Par. 19. There is a certain Island whereof mention is made by several of our latest Geographers whose Inhabitants cannot properly be reckon'd either Male or Female nor altogether Hermaphrodites yet such is their peculiar Quality that they 're seldom liable unto either Hunger or Thirst Cold or Heat Joy or Sorrow Hopes or Fears or any such of the common Attendants of Human Life Par. 20. There is a remarkable Place of the Earth of a considerable Southern Latitude from whose Meridian the Sun removeth not for several Days at a certain time of the Year Par. 21. There is a certain Place of the Earth of a considerable Northern Latitude where though the Days and Nights even when shortest do consist of several Hours yet in that place it's Mid-day or Noon every Quarter of an Hour Par. 22. There are divers Places on the Globe of the Earth where the Sun and Moon yea and all the Planets do actually rise and set according to their various Motions but never any of the fixt Stars Par. 23. There is a large and famous Country on the Continent of Africa many of whose Inhabitants are born perfectly Deaf and others Stone-blind and continue so during their whole Lives and yet such is the amazing Faculty of those Persons that the Deaf are as capable to judge of Sounds as those that hear and the Blind of Colours as they who see Par. 24. There is a certain People in South America who are properly furnish'd with only one of the five Senses viz. that of Touching and yet they can both Hear and See Taste and Smell and that as nicely as we Europeans who have all the Five Par. 25. There is a certain Country in South America many of whose Savage Inhabitants are such unheard-off Canibals that they not only feed upon Human Flesh but also some of them do actually eat themselves and yet they commonly survive that strange Repast Par. 26. There is a remarkable River on the Continent of Europe over which there is a Bridge of such a breadth that above three thousand Men a-breast may pass along upon the same and that without crouding one another in the least Par. 27. There is a large and spacious Plain in a certain Country of Asia able to contain six hundred thousand Men drawn up in Battle Array which number of Men being actually brought thither and there drawn up it were absolutely impossible for any more than one single Person to stand upright upon the said Plain Par. 28. There is a certain European City whose Buildings being generally of firm Stone are for the most part of a prodigious height and exceeding strong and yet it is most certain that the Walls of those Buildings are not parallel to one another nor perpendicular to the Plain on which they are built Par. 29. There is a certain City in the Southern Part of China whose Inhabitants both Male and Female do observe almost the same Posture and Gate in Walking as we Europeans and yet they frequently appear to Strangers as if they walk'd on their Heads Par. 30. There are ten Places of the Earth distant from one another three hundred Miles and upwards and yet none of them hath either Longitude or Latitude Par. 31. There are two distinct Places of the Earth lying under the same Meridian whose Difference of Latitude is sixty Degrees compleatly and yet the true Distance between those two Places doth not really surpass sixty Italian Miles Par. 32. There are also two distinct Places of the Earth lying under the Equinoctial Line whose difference of Longitude is compleatly 86 Degrees ½ and yet the true Distance between those two Places is not full eighty six Italian Miles Par. 33. There are three distinct Places of the Earth all differing both in Longitude and Latitude and distant from one another two thousand Miles compleatly and yet they do all bear upon one and the same Point of the Compass Par. 34. There are three distinct Places on the Continent of Europe equidistant from one another they making a true Equilateral Triangle each of whose sides doth consist of a thousand Miles and yet there is a fourth Place so situated in respect of the other three that a Man may travel on Foot from it to any of the other three in the space of one Artificial Day at a certain time of the Year and that without the least hurry or fatigue whatsoever Par. 35. There are three distinct Places on the Continent of Europe lying under the same Meridian and at such a distance that the Latitude of the third surpasseth that of the second by so many Degrees and Minutes exactly as the second surpasseth the first and yet the true Distance of the first and third from the second or Intermediat Place is not the same by a great many Miles Par. 36. There are two distinct Places on the Continent of Europe so situated in respect of one another that though the first doth lie East from the second yet the second is not West from the first and yet both of them are under the same Parallel of Latitude Par. 37. There is a certain European Island the Northmost Part whereof doth frequently alter both its Longitude and Latitude Par. 38. There is a certain Place in the Island of Great Britain where the Stars are always visible at any time of the Day if the Horizon be not over-cast with Clouds Par. 39. It may be clearly
Persian Arabick Africa Oriental Ocean Africa on the East Ethiepick South Atlantick West Amer. Vast Eastern Ocean America on the East The Pacifick West §. 8. Of SEAS Europe Baltick Sea Enclosed with Swedeland on the W. Poland in part E. Germany in part S. German Sea with Scandinavia on the E. Britain W. Irish Sea with Britain on the E. Ireland W. Mediterranean Sea with Europe on the N. Barbary S. Euxine Sea with part of Europe on the N. W. part of Asia S. and E. The Seas in the other three Parts of the world are different Parts of the Ocean except Mare Caspium in Asia variously nam'd according as they lie adjacent to different Countries §. 9. Of GULFS Europe Sinus Botnicas Bending up Northward into Swedeland Sinus Finnicus Eastward Sinus Adriaticus N. W. between Italy Turky in Europe Gulf of Lions N. into the S. of France Gulf of Tarentum N. W. into the S. of Italy Gulf of Lepanto E. N. E between Greece Morca Asia Persian Gulf N. W. between Persia Arabia Gulf of Bengal N. bet Penins Indiae intra Gangem Penins Indiae extra In Africa is the Arabian Gulf. N. W. between Asia Africa America Gulf of Mexico W. Between Florida Terra Firma Button's Bay S. W. between Terra Canadensis Terra Arcticá Baffiu's Bay N. W. into Terra Arctica §. 10. Of STRAITS Europe Straits of Dover Joyning The Germ. Ocean to the Engl. Channel Straits of the Sound The Danish to the Baltick Sea Straits of Gibralter The Medit to the Western Ocean Straits of Caffa Palus Meotis to Pontus Euxinus Thracian Bosphorus Pontus Euxinus to the Propontis The Hellâ—spont Propontis to the Archipelagus Veer of Messina One part of Mediter to another Boke of Corsica One part of Mediter to another Asia Straits of the Sund The Indian and East Ocean Straits of Ormus The Persian Gulf to the S. Ocean In Africa is Babelmandel The Red Sea to the E. Ocean America Hudson's Straits Button's Bay to the E Ocean Fretum Davis Baffin's Bay to the E. Ocean Magellanick Straits The vast E. and W. Ocean §. 11. Of LAKES Most remarkable Lakes in Europe are Ladoga Found towards the Eastern part of Swedeland Jend Ula Peipus Wener Western part of Swedeland Veter Meler Onega Western part of Moscovia Ilment Constance Geneva Southern part of Germany Lucern Winander-mere North of England viz. Lancashire Wittles-mere Middle of England viz. Huntingtonshire Lough Ness Northern part of Scotland Lomond Southern Foyl Northern part of Ireland Neagh Northern Earn Northern Derge Middle Asia Corus North part of Tartary Kithack North Kithay Middle Piex Eastern part of China Tai Chiamy Northern part of India Astamar Northern part of Persia Babaconbar Northern Burgian Middle Asphaltis South part of Palestine Africa Elbuciara Western part of Egypt Lybia Middle part of Zaara Guard Middle part of Negroeland Borno Eastern Niger North of Ethiopia Interior Aquiliâ—â—ia Middle Sachaf South Zaire South parts of Ethiopia Exterior Zambre Zaflan America Nicaragua South of New Spain Mexico Middle Parime East part of Terra Firma Titicaca South part of Peru. §. 12. Of RIVERS Those of Europe Scandinavia Swedeland are Dalcarle Anciently Unknown Running Eastward Kimi Unknown Southw Torno Unknown Elfe Unknown Denmark None remarkable  Norway  Moscovi Volga Rha E. turning S Don Tanais E. turn W. Dwina Unknown N. W. France Sein Sequana N. W. Loir Ligeris W. Rhone Rhodanus S. Garonne Garumna N. W. Germany Danube Danubius or Ister E. Scheld Scaldis N. turn W Maes Mosa Rhine Rhenus N. W. Elm Amasius Weser Visurgis Elbe Albus Oder Odera or Viadrus N. Poland Nieper Boristhenes S. E. Niester Tyras Bogg Hypanis Vistule Unknown N. W. Niemen Unknown Duna Unknown Spain Ebre Anciently Iberus Running S. E. Xucar Suero Guadalquivir Batis S. W. Gualiana Anas Tago Tagus Douro Durius W. in its main Body Italy Po Eridanus or Padus E. Adige Athesis Arno Arnus S. W. Tiber Tibris Volturno Uulturnus W. In European Turkey is the Danube Danubius or Ister E. Scotland Tay Taus E. Clyde Glotta N. W. Spey Speia N. d ee Dea Diva Ocasa E. Don Dona England Thames Tamesis E. Severn Sabrina S. W. Humber Ouse Abus Ure E. S. E. Trent Triginta N. in main Body Tine Tina E. Twede Tuesis E. Medway Vaga N. turning E. Cam Camus N. Ireland Shannon Sinus S. W. Lee Sauranus E. Blackwater Avenmoore E. turning S Barrow Birgus S. Lift Libnius N. E. Boyne Buvinda Boina A New Map of HISFANIA and PORTUGALLIA By Rob t. Morden Those of Asia Tartary Oby Anciently Margus Running W. turningN Ochardus Unkonwn N. Tartar Unknown Palisanga Unknown E. Chesel Laxartus W. China Croceus Unknown E. various turnings Kiang Unknown E. India Ganges Idem S. Guenga Not remarkable E. Indus Idem S. W. Persia Abiamus Oxus W. Palimalon Not remarkable E. Ilment Arabs S. Bendimur Bagradas Agradatus S. W. Tiriti Euletis Choaspes Hidaspes Syri Araxes Arases Asiatick Turky Tegil Tygris S. E. Prat Euphrates Those of Africa In Egypt is the Nile Anciently Nilus Running N. Barbary Guadilbarbara Bagradas Macra N. Major Rubricatus Bildulgerid Origin of Guadilbarbara Not remarkable N. W Major Not remarkable Branches of Gir Giras S. E. In Zaara is the Body of Gir Giras S. E. In Negroeland is the 〈◊〉 Idem W. Gulma Guinea Sweria de Costa Not remarkable S. Rivere de Volta Not remarkable In Nubia is the River Nuba Not remarkable N. E.  Exterior Zaire Unknown W. Coanza Unknown W. Ethiopia R. de Infanto Unknown S. E. Zambre Unknown S. E. R. de Spiritu S. Unknown S. E. Interior is Nile its main Body Nilus N. Those of America In New Spain none remarkable Anciently  Running  In N. Granada is Rio del Nort. Unknown S. W. Florida is R. del Spiritu S. Unknown S. Terra Canadensis The great River Canada Unknown E. Branch of the Canada The Connecticut Unknown S. Hudson's River Unknown Rivere de la Ware Unknown The Sesquahana Unknown The Patomeck Unknown In Terra Arctica none Terra Firma R. de Paria or Orinoque Unknown N. R. de Madeline Unknown S. Martha Unknown Brafil Miary Unknown N. E. Siope Unknown N. S. Francis Unknown E. Parama Unknown S. W. In Amazonia is the Amazone with its Branches Unknown N. E. In Peru none remarkable Unknown Paraguay is Rio de la Plata S. E. Chili none considerable Terra Magellanica none Terra Antarctica These are the most Remarkable Rivers in the World as also their old Names and how they run which Rivers will be found very necessary for the better understanding of the Second Part of this Treatise wherein we design to view all Remarkable Countries in their Situation Extent Division and Subdivisions and more especially those of Europe But since most of those Rivers above-mention'd belonging to the Continent of Europe do consist of several considerable Branches very necessary to be known we shall rehearse such Rivers and annex to each of them their Principal Branches all which may be
Country especially Juitland formerly Cimbrica Chersonesus a part of Ancient Scandinavia is term'd by the Italians Dania by the Spaniards Dinmarca by the French Danemarc by the High Germans Dennemark and by the English Denmark so called from the Bounds and Marâ—es of its Inhabitants the Danes whose Country bordering on the Ancient Batavi and Saxons was thereupon call'd Dane-march which Name in process of time did turn into that of Denmark The Air of this Country is much the same with that in the Southern Part of Swedeland it being extreamly Cold but in most places very wholesome The opposite place of the Globe to Denmark is that part of the Pacifick Ocean lying between 210 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 50 and 60 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 10th and 11th North Climates is very good for Grain and Pasturage Here is abundance of Fish especially Herrings as also many wild Fowls and most kinds of wild Beasts The longest Day in the Northmost part is 17 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 8 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are Fish Tallow Furniture for Ships Armour Ox-hides Buck-skins Fir-wood and Wainscot c. Near to Sleswick Southward are yet to be seen the Remains of that famous Wall and Trench made above 880 Years ago by Gotricius then King of Denmark to hinder the Incursions of the Saxons resembling somewhat the Pict's Wall in Great Britain 2. Between Flensburg and Sleswick is a small Village which goes by the Name of Anglen remarkable in so far that from the said Village and Country adjacent came our Ancestors the Ancient Angles into Great Britain 3. In Gottorp is an admirable Globe of Copper 10 Foot ½ in Diameter so contriv'd by one of the Dukes of Holstein that by certain Wheels turn'd about by Water it represents exactly the Motions of the Coelestial Bodies As also another in the Arsenal at Copenhagen of 6 Foot Diameter fram'd by Tycho Brahe that famous Danish Astronomer 4. In the Island Ween are the Ruins of the Tower of Uraniburge renowned for the Observations made thereon by the aforesaid Tycho Braye As also the Dungeon call'd Stelliburg beset with Looking-Glasses where he was wont to sit and observe the Stars in all Seasons 5. The Island Ween is likewise remarkable in that it will harbour no Dormice none such being able to live when imported thither as also a Spring whose Waters never freez even in the extreamest Cold of Winter To these we may add as a singular Curiosity of this Country That magnificent Throne fram'd of prodigious long Horns of a certain Sea Animal which the Vulgar are willing to take for the Unicorn Vid. Dr. Brown 's Travels As for Archbishopricks in this Kingdom there 's only one viz. that of Copenhagen Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Sleswick Arhusen Alburg Ripen Wiburg Universities in this Kingdom are those at Copenhagen Kiel The Danes a very warlike People of old having constrain'd many of the Northern Nations to submit to the force of their Arms at some time or other are now almost of the same Temper with their Neighbours the Swedes and Germans but that they are generally esteem'd a People more given to Pride and Cunning than either of the former They are Industrious and Frugal enough as also considerable Lovers of Learning but generally greater Lovers of Excess whether in Drinking or Eating especially the former and that ever since the Juice of the Grape was recommended to them by the High Germans whom they now equal if not exceed in all manner of Carousing The Modern Language of Denmark is originally a Dialect of the Teutonit The Court Gentry and Chief Burgers commonly use the High German in ordinary Discourse and French when they talk with Strangers How the Danish Tongue differs from the High German and the Modern Language in Swedeland will best appear from their Pater-Noster which runs thus Fader vor du som est himmelen helligt vorde die naffu tilkomme dit rige vorde din vilie sâ—â— paâ— jorden som hander i himmelen Gift osz â— dagh vort daglige brod oc forlad osz vor skyld som wi forlade vare skyldener ock lead osz ickudi fristelse Men frele osz fra ont Amen This Kingdom was formerly Elective although they usually advanc'd the next Heir to the Crown until the Year 1659. that Frederick the Ill having bravely repuls'd the Swedes besieging the Capital City Copenhagen it was then rendred Hereditary to his Family The Nobility here had hitherto a considerable Stroke until these our own Days that this Kingdom is so strangely Frenchifi'd in Point of Government that the Danish and French Monarchy's are now almost of the same Mould The King assumes to himself the Power of disposing of all Heirs and Heiresses of any Note as 't is practis'd in France The Danish Law is highly to be priz'd in that it 's short and perspicuous surpassing the like of all other Nations in that respect It 's wholly founded upon Equity and Compris'd in one Quarto Volume in the Danish Tongue and that so plain that any Man may understand and plead his own Cause without the Aid of either Counsel or Attorney and no Suit is to hang in suspence beyond one Year and a Month. This is indeed a mighty Advantage and a singular Property of the Danish Law upon one hand but the same is attended with a vast Inconvenience on the other for the first and principal Article thereof runs thus That the King hath the Priviledge reserv'd to himself to explain nay to alter and change the same as he shall think good Chief Courts for Administration of Justice both in Civil and Criminal Affairs are four viz. Byfoght's Heredsfought's Lanstag and High-Right The first is peculiar for deciding Matters which happen in Cities and Towns The second for those of the Country The third is the High-Court of the Province to which Appeals are made from the two former And the fourth is the Supream of all the rest held commonly at Copenhagen and consisting of the Principal Nobility in which Court the King himself sometimes sits in Person Beside these there is the Court of Admiralty for Maritime Affairs as also a Rent Chamber resembling our Court of Exchequer for managing all Matters relating to the Publick Revenue The King of Denmark bears Party of three and Coupè of two which makes twelve Quarters In the first Or Semè of Hearts Gules three Lyons passant guardant Azure crown'd Langu'd and Arm'd of the first for Denmark 2 Gules a Lyon Rampant Or Crown'd and Arm'd of the first in his Paws a Battle-Ax Argent hilted of the second for Norway 3. Gules a Lion Passant-guardant Or on Nine Hearts of the same in Fesse for Gothland 4. Gules a Dragon crown'd Or for Schonen 5. Azure three Crowns Or for Sweden 6. Gules a
Jaen Chief Town Idem E. to S. W. upon the Guadalquivir or nigh to it Cordova Idem Archbishoprick of Sevilla Idem Bishoprick of Cadiz Idem D. of Medina Sidonia Idem Southward §. 6. Granada a Kingdom Cont. the Bishoprick of Almeria Ch. Town Idem Southward upon the Sea-Coast Guadix Idem E. to S. W. Archbishoprick of Granada Idem Bishoprick of Malaga Idem §. 7. Murcia a Kingdom Contain Murcia properly so call'd Ch. T. Murcia E. to W. Territory of Lorca Idem Cartagena Idem Southward upon the Sea-Coast §. 8. Valencia a Kingdom Contains the Provinces of Millares Chief Town Villa Hermosa N. to S. Xucar Valencia Segura 〈◊〉 §. 9. Catalonia a Principality Contains the Territ of Puigcerda Chief Town Idem N. E. to S. W. upon the Ebro La seu d' Urgel Idem Balaguer Idem Lerida Idem Tortosa Idem Girona Idem E. to W. nigh unto or upon the Sea-coast Barcelona Idem Villa Franca de Panades Idem Terragona Idem To these add the Country of Rousillon Chief Town Perpignan S. of Narbone in Lower Languedoc §. 10. Arragon a Kingdom Contains the Bishopricks of Jaca Chief Town Idem N. W. to S. E. Huesca Idem Balbastro Idem Archbishopr of Saragosa or Caragoca Idem upon the Ebro Bishopricks of Taracona Idem N. to S. Alborazin Idem Tervel Idem §. 11. Navarr a Kingdom Contains the Majorships of Pampelona Chief Town Idem N. to S. Olita Idem Tudela Idem Estella Idem W. to E. Sanguesa Idem §. 12. Old Castile a Province Contains the Territories of â—â—rgos Chief Town Idem W. to S. E. Rioja Logronno Calahorra Idem Soria Idem E. to W. on the Douro Osma Idem Valladolid Idem Segovia Idem 56 m. S. E. of Valladolid Avila Idem 63 m. S. §. 13. New Castile comprehending Extrema Dura Being divided into North the Tago Middle between the Tago and Guadiana South of Guadiana North contains the Towns of Coria W. to E. Placentia Toledo Madrid All 3 N. E. of Toledo Alcala de Henares Guadalaxara Middle contains the Towns of Alcantara upon the Tago Merida upon the Guadiana Truxille 36 miles N. E. of Merida Cuensa upon the Xucar South contains the Towns of Badajos From W. to E. Ellenera Cividad Rea Alcaraz §. 14. Leon a Kingdom Being divided into North the Douro C. T. in N. are Palencia E. to S. W. on the Douro Toro Zamora Leon N. to S. W. Astorga South C. T. in S. are Salamanca N. to S. E. S. W. of Alva Cividad Rodrigo S. W. of Salamanca THIS large Continent being now Subject to two distinct Sovereigns viz His Catholick Majesty and the King of Portugal I shall separately consider these two Sovereignities Therefore SPAIN THIS Country formerly Iberia Hesperia and by some Spania is term'd by the Italians Spagna by its Natives EspaÌ„na by the French Espagne by the Germans Spamen and by the English Spain so call'd as some fancy from a certain King nam'd Hispanus others from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 raritas vel penuria because of its scarcity of Inhabitants But the most receiv'd Opinion is That it came from Hispalis now Seville the chief City of the whole Country in former times The Air of this Country is generally very pure and calm being seldom infested with Mists and Vapours but in the Summer so extreamly hot especially in the Southmost Provinces that 't is both dangerous ' and inconvenient for the Inhabitants to stir abroad about Noon from the middle of May to the last of August The opposite Place of the Globe to Spain is that part of Zelandia nova or some of the ill known Continent lying between 190 and 202 Degrees of Longitude with 36 and 44 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 6th and 7th North Climate is in many places very Dry and Barren several of the Inland Provinces being either overgrown with Woods or cumbered with Sandy and Rocky Mountains and others whose Soil is naturally fertil are for the most part wholly neglected lying waste and uncultivated for many Years and that by reason of the fewness or rather the detestable Laziness of its Inhabitants But this defect of Corn and other Grain which ariseth partly from the Nature of the Country but more from the Temper of the People is sufficiently supplied by various sorts of excellent Fruits and Wines which with little Art and Labour are here produc'd in great plenty The longest Day in the Northmost part of this Country is about 15 Hours ¼ the shortest in the South is 9 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wines Oyls Sugar Metals Rice Silk Liquorish Honey Flax Saffrom Annifeed Raisins Almonds Oranges Lemons Cork Soap Anchovies Sumack Wooll Lamb-Skins and Tobacco c. Nigh to the City of Cadiz is an old ruinous Building now converted into a Watch-Tower which some would fain perswade themselves to be the Remains of Hercules his Pillars so much talkt off by the Ancients In the City Granada is the large Sumptuous Palace of the Moorish Kings whose inside is beautifi'd with Jasper and Porphery and adorn'd with divers Arabick and Mosaick Inscriptions At Terragona in Catalonia are to be seen the Ruins of an Ancient Circus in the Street call'd la Placa de la Fuente and at Segovia in Old Castile are the Remains of a Noble Aqueduct built by the Emperor Trajan and supported by an Hundred and Seventy seven Arches in double Rows reaching from one Hill to another Without the Walls of Toledo was an ancient large Theatre some part whereof is yet standing Here also is an admirable Modern Aqueduct contriv'd by Joanniltus Turrianus a Frenchman according to the Order of Philip II. At Orense in Gallicia are several Springs of Medicinal hot Waters wonderfully esteem'd off by the ablest Physicians At the City of Toledo is a Fountain whose Waters near the Bottom are of an Acid Taste but towards the Surface extreamly Sweet Near Guadalaxara in New Castile is a Lake which never fails to send forth dreadful Howlings before a Storm The Cathedral Church of Murcia containing above four hundred Chappels is remarkable for its curious Steeple which is so built that a Chariot may easily ascend to the Top thereof Many talk of a Ship of Stone with Masts Sails and Tackling to be seen in the Port of Mongia in Gallicia As to the River Guadiana its diving under Ground from whence 't was formerly call'd Anas the same iâ— so notorious that we need say nothing of it Archbishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Compostella Granada Tarragona Burgos Sevil Valentia Saragossa Toledo Bishopricks in this Kingdom are those of Oviedo Malaga Jacca Segovia Lugo Cartagena Balbatro Cuenza Mondonedo Segorve Terver Cividad Reale Corunna Origuella Albarazin Siguenza Tuy Barcelona Pamplona Leon Orense Tortosa Valladolid Salamanca Cordova Lerida Calahorra Toro Cadiz Solsona Placentia Astorga Jaen Vich Coria Palencia Guadix Tarazona Avila Zamora Almeria
whose Court being of an Oval Form doth still retain the Name of Arena 9. Many stately Tombs of famous Men particularly That of Antenor's in Padua St. Peter's in Rome St. Augustin's and Severinus Boetius both in Pavia with that of St. Ambrose in Milan and many others together with vast multitudes of Statues both of Brass and Marble in most parts of Italy These are the most remarkable Remains of the Roman Antiquities that are now extant throughout all this Country As for Modern Curiosities and other sorts of Rarities which are obvious to the Eye of every ordinary Traveller a bare Catalogue of 'em would swell up to a considerable Volume It were endless to Discourse of magnificent Buildings particularly Churches Ancient Inscriptions rare Waterworks and many bold Pieces of Painting and Statuary to be seen almost in every Corner of Italy Every one is apt to talk of the bending Tower of Pisa the Whispering Chamber of Caprarola the renowned House of Loretto with the rich Treasury of S. Mark in Venice not to mention the famous Vatican Palace and Library with the glorious and splendid Furniture of the Roman Churches To these I may add the several Magazines or large Collections of all sorts of Rarities kept in several Parts of Italy particularly those in Villa Ludovisia belonging to Prince Ludovisio As also those in the famous Gallery of Canonico Setali in Milan but above all are divers Rooms and Cabinets of exotick Curiosities and precious Stones among which is the famous Diamond that weigheth 138 Carats all belonging to the Great Duke of Tuscany and much admired and talkt off in all Parts of the Civiliz'd World Ecclesiasticks of the higest Order in this Country are his Holiness the Pope and the Patriarchs of Venice Aquileia Next to these are the Archbishops of Milan Fermo Benevento Frani Turin Ravenna Thieti Tarento Tarentaise Naples Lanciano Brindisi Bologne Capua Manfredonia Otranto Genoa Salerno Bari Rossano Florence Amalfi Cirenza Consenza Pisa Sorento Nazareth or Barletta Sanseverino Urbin Conza Reggio The respective Suffragans of these Ecclesiasticks are as followeth § 1. Immediately subject to the Pope are the Bishops of Ostia Alatro Perusa Foligni Porto Ferentino Citta di Castello Assisi Sabius Velitri Citta di Sieve Ancona Palestrina Sutri Castro Humana Frascati Nepi Arezzo Loretto Albano Citta Castellana Spoleto Recanali Tivoli Horta Norcia Ascoli Anagni Viterbi Ferni Jesi Veroli Tuscanella Narni Osmo Terracina Civita-Vecchia Amelia Camerin Sezza Bagnarea Todi Cometo Segni Orvieto Rieti Monte Fiascone As also these following being exempt from the Jurisdiction of their respective Metropolitans Mantua Cortona Atella Rapolla Trent Sarzana Cava Monte-Pelozo Pavia Fano Scala and Ravello Trivento Salusses Ferrara Aquila Mon-Pulician Aversa Melfi Marsico Faramo Cassano San-Marco Montellone Bisiguano § 2. Suffragans to the Patriarch of Venice are only those of Torzello Chioza § 3. To the Patriarch of Aquileia are those of Terviso Trieste Petin Vicenza Feltri Cabo d' Istria Citta Nuova Verona Belluno Pola Padua Como Concorde Parenzo § 4. To the Archbishop of Milan are those of Cremona Tortona VerITEMes Acqui Novara Vighenano Alba Savona Lodi Bergamo Ast Vintemiglia Alexandria Brescia Casal § 5. To the Archbishop of Turin are those of Yorée Mondovi Fossano § 6. To the Archbishop of Tarentaise are those of Aoste Sion § 7. To the Archbishop of Bologne are those of Parma Rheggio Carpi Borgo Placenza Modena Crema S. Domino § 8. To the Archbishop of Genoa are those of Albegna Brugnato Mariana Nebio Noli Bobio Accia § 9. To the Archbishop of Florence are those of Pistoya Colle Borgo san Sepulchro Fiesoli Volterra Citta di Sole § 10. To the Archbishop of Pisa are those of Soana Piombino Mont-Alcino Aiazzo Chiusi Massa Livorno Sagona Grossete Pienza Luca Alerta § 11. To the Archbishop of Urbine are those of Senigaglia Engubio Pesaro Fossombrona Cagli S. Leon. § 12. To the Archbishop of Fermo are those of San-Severino Macerati Montalt Tolentin Ripa Transona § 13. To the Archbishop of Ravenna are those of Rovigo Britinoro Sarsina Cervia Comachio Forli Rimini â—â—nestria Faenza Cosena Imola § 14. To the Archbishop of Naples are those of Nola Pozzuolo Cerra Ischia § 15. To the Archbishop of Capua are those of Tiano Caiazzo Sessa Mont-cassin Calvi Carniola Venafro Fondi Caserta Isernia Aquin Gaieta § 16. To the Archbishop of Salerno are those of Campagna Policastro Sarno Nocera di pagni Capaccio Nusco Marsico nuovo Acerno § 17. To the Archbishop of Amalfi are those of Letteri Capri Minori § 18. To the Archbishop of Sorento are those of Vico Massa Castel à Mare di Stabbia § 19. To the Archbishop of Conza are those of Muro Satriano Cedogna Cangiano Bisaccia § 20. To the Archbishop of Benevento are those of Ascol Monte Marano Bovino Tremoli Fiorenzuola Avellino Toribolenza Lesnia Telezi Fricenti Dragonara Guardia S. Agatha di Gothi Ariano Volturata D'alsieres Boiano Larina § 21. To the Archbishop of Thieti are those of Ortona di Mare Civita di Penna Sermona Campti Cali. § 22. To the Archbishop of Lanciano are none § 23. To the Archbishop of Manfredonia are those of Troia Vieste San-Severa § 24. To the Archbishop of Bari are those of Canosa Conversano Bitteta Giovenazzo Poligano Labiello Bitonto Monervino Ravo Molfetta § 25. To the Archbishop of Cirenza are those of Malerano Turfi Gravina Venosa Potenza Tricarico § 26. To the Archbishop of Nazareth none § 27. To the Archbishop of Frani are those of Salpi Andria Biseglia § 28. To the Archbishop of Tarento are those of Montula Castellanetta § 29. To the Archbishop of Brindisi are those of Ostuni Oria. § 30. To the Archbishop of Otranto are those of Gallipoli Castro Alessano Leeche Nardo S. Maria di Leuca Ugento § 31. To the Archbishop of Rossano none § 32. To the Archbishop of Consenza are those of Montallo Mortorano § 33. To the Archbishop of Sanseverino are those of Belcastro Strongoli Cariati Umbriatico Isola Cerenza § 34. To the Archbishop of Reggio are those of Amantea Cortona Squillace Bova Nicastro Oppido Nicotera Taverna Tropea Gieraci Universities in this Country are those establish'd at the Cities following Rome Florence Mantua Venice Bononia Pisa Pavia Padua Ferrara Sienna Naples Verona Perusia Milan Salerno Parma The Natives of this Country once the Triumphant Lords and Conquerors of the World are now less given to the Art of War and Military Exploits than most other Nations of Europe However the Modern Italians are generally reputed a Grave Respectful and Ingenious sort of People especially in those things to which they chiefly apply themselves now-a-days viz. Statuary Works Architecture and the Art of Painting They 're also reckon'd Obedient to their Superiors Courteous to Inferiors Civil to Equals and very Affable to Strangers They 're likewaies in Apparel very modest in Furniture of Houses sumptuous and at their Tables extraordinary neat and decent But these good Qualities of this
Goddess Ceres at Eleusis about four Hours from Athens a part of whose Statue is yet to be seen And at Salonichi are several stately Christian Churches particularly those of S. Sophia Gabriel and the Virgin Mary now converted into Mahometan Mosques the last of which is a Noble Structure environ'd on each side with Twelve Pillars of Jasper Stone and as many Crosses upon their Chapiters remaining as yet undefac'd by the Turks But the Chief Rarities of Greece may be reckon'd those various Monuments of Antiquity to be seen at Athens The Chief of which are these following 1. The Acropolis or Citadel the most Ancient and Eminent Part of the City 2. The Foundations of the Walls round the City suppos'd to be those erected by Theseus who enlarg'd the same 3. The Temple of Minerva now a Turkish Mosque as intire as yet as the Rotonda at Rome and is one of the most beautiful Pieces of Antiquity that 's extent this Day in the World 4 The Panagia Spiliotissa or Church of our Lady of the Grotto 5. Some magnificent Pillars particularly those commonly reckon'd the Remains of Adrian's Palace of which there were formerly six Rows and twenty in each Row but now only seventeen stand upright and are fifty two Foot high and seventeen in Circumference at the Base Here likeways is a Gate and an Aqueduct of the said Emperor 6. The Stadium or Place where the Citizens us'd to run Races encounter Wild Beasts and celebrated the famous Games term'd 〈◊〉 7. The Hill Musaeum now call'd To Seggio by the Inhabitants so 〈◊〉 from the Poet Musaevs the Disciple of Orphens who was wont there to recite his Verses 8. Some Remains conjectured to be those of the Arâ—opagus and Odâ—um or Theater of Musick 9 The Ruins of many Temples especially that of Augustus whose Front is still intire consisting of four Dorick Pillars as also those of Theseus Hercules Jupiter Olympius Castor and Pollux c. 10. The Tower of Andronicus Cyrrhastes or Temple of the Eight Winds still intire 11. The Phanari or Lanthorn of Demosthenes being a little Edifice of White Marble in Form of a Lanthorn which is also intire For a particular Description of all these Rarities both at Athens and other Parts of Greece with many remarkable Inscriptions both in Greek and Latin Vid. Wheeler's Travels Archbishopricks in this Country are chiefly those of Amphipoli Malvasia Saloniki Larissa Patras Adrianople Tarsa Napoli di Romania Janna Athens Corinth Bishopricks in this Country are chiefly those of Scotusa Misitra Glykaeon Granitza Modon Argiro Castro Salona Thalanta Caminitza Delvino Livadia Amphissa Arges Butrinto No Universities in this Country though once the Seat of the Muses but in lieu of them are Twenty four Monastries of Caloyers or Greek Monks of the Order of St. Basil who live in a Collegiate manner on the famous M. Athos now term'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or the Holy Mountain where the younger Sort are instructed in the Holy Scriptures and the various Rites of the Greek Church and out of these Colleges are usually chosen those Bishops who are subject to the Patriarch of Constantinople The Greeks most famous of old both for Arms and Arts and every thing else that 's truly valuable are so wonderfully degenerated from their Forefathers that instead of those excellent Qualities which did shine in them particularly Knowledge Prudence and Valour There 's nothing now to be seen among them but the very Reverse or Contrary of these and that in the highest degree Such is the Pressure of the Ottoman Yoak under which they groan at present that their Spirits are quite sunk within 'em and their very Aspect doth plainly declare a disconsolate and dejected Mind However the unthinking Part of them do so little consider their present Slavish Subjection that there 's no People more Jovial and merrily dispos'd being so much given to Singing and Dancing that 't is now become a Proverbial Saying As merry as a Greek The Trading Part of them are generally very Cunning and so enclin'd to over-reach if they can in their Dealings that Strangers do not only meet with much more Candour among the Turks but if one Turk seem in the least to discredit anothers Word or Promise his Reply is still at hand I hope you don't take me for a Christian Such is that Blot which these Imprudent Professors of Christianity have cast upon our most Holy Religion in the Eyes of its Numerous and Implacable Adversaries The Languages here in use are the Turkish and Vulgar Greek the first being peculiar to the Turks and the other to the Christians a Specimen of the former shall be given in the last Paragraph of this Section As for the other I can't omit to mention the mighty difference there is betwixt it and the Ancient Greek not only in respect of the many Turkish Words now intermixt but also in the very Pronounciation of those which yet remain unalter'd as I particularly observ'd by conversing with several of the Greek Clergy and being present at some of their Publick Prayers Yea the knowledge of the Ancient Greek in its former Purity is not only lost among the Vulgar Sort of People but also almost extinguisht even among those of the highest Rank few or none of their Ecclesiasticks themselves pretending to be Masters of it Pater-Noster in the best Dialect of the modern Greek runs thus Pater hemas opios I se ces tos Ouranous hagiasthito to Onoma sou na erti he basilia sou to thelema sou na ginetez itzon en te Ge os is ton Ouranon To psomi hemas dose hemas simeron Kae-sichorase hemos ta crimata hemon itzon kae hemas sichorasomen ekinous opou mas adikounkae men ternes hemas is to pirasmo alla soson hemas apo to kako Amen So many brave and valiant Generals did Greece formerly breed that Strangers usually resorted thither to learn the Art of War and such were the Military Atchievements of this People both at home and abroad and so far did the force of their Arms extend that under their Great Alexander was erected the third Potent Monarchy of the World But alas such hath been the sad Catastrophe of Affairs in this Country and so low and lamentable is its Condition at present that nothing of its former Glory and Grandeur is now to be seen For its poor and miserable Natives are now strangely cow'd and dispirited its once numerous and flourishing Cities are now depopulated and meer heaps of Ruins its large and fertil Provinces are now laid waste and lie uncultivated And lately the whole and still a great Part of the Country doth now groan under the heavy Burden of the Turkish Yoke and its various Divisions are rul'd by their respective Sangiacs in Subordination to the Grand Signier See the last Paragraph of this Section The establisht Religion in this Country is that of Mahometanism but Christianity for its number of Professors
doth far more prevail The chief Tenets of the Mahometan Religion may be seen § 4. of this Section to which I remit the Reader As for Christianity 't is profess'd in this Country according to the Doctrine of the Greek Church the Principal Points of which as it differs from the Western Christian Churches whether Protestant or Roman are these following viz 1. The Greeks deny the Procession of the Holy Ghost from the Son asserting that it proceedeth only from the Father through the Son 2. They also deny the Doctrine of Purgatory yet usually pray for the Dead 3. They believe that the Souls of the Faithful departed this Life are not admitted unto the Beatifick Vision till after the Resurrection 4. They celebrate the Blessed Sacrament of the Eucharist in both Kinds but make the Communicant take three Morsels of Leaven'd Bread and three Sips of Wine in Honour of the Three Persons of the Adorable Trinity 5. They admit Children to participate of the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper when only seven Years of Age because then it is say they that they begin to Sin 6. They allow not of Extream Unction and Confirmation and disapprove of fourth Marriages 7 They admit none into Holy Orders but such as are married and inhibit all second Marriages being once in Orders 8. They reject all Carved Images but admit of Pictures wherewith they adorn their Churches Lastly They observe four Lents in the Year and esteem it unlawful to Fast upon Saturdays In their Publick Worship they use four Liturgies viz. That commonly call'd St. James's St. Chrysostom's St. Basil's and St. Gregory the Great 's together with Lessons out of the Lives of their Saints which makes their Service to be of such a tedious and indiscreet length that it commonly lasts five or six Hours together The Fasts and Festivals that are yearly observ'd in the Greek Church are very numerous and were it not for them 't is probable that Christianity had been quite extirpated out of this Country ere now For by means of these Solemnities which yet are celebrated with a multitude of Ridiculous and Superstitious Ceremonies they still preserve a Face of Religion under a Patriarch who resides at Constantinople and several Archbishops and Bishops particularly those abovemention'd But did we view those Ecclesiasticks in their Intellectuals as also the lamentable State of all Persons committed to their Charge we should find both Priest and People labouring under such gross and woful Ignorance that we could not refrain from wishing that the Western Churches of Christendom by their Divisions Impieties and Abuse of Knowledge may not provoke the Almighty at last to plague them likeways with the same Darkness and Desolation This Country was watered with the Blessed Gospel in the very Infancy of Christianity and that by the powerful Preaching of St. Paul the Apostle of the Gentiles §. 3. Little Tartary THIS Country anciently Taurica Chersonesus or Tartaria Procopensis being the Lesser Scythia and a Part of old Sarmatia is term'd by the Italians Tartaria Minor by the Spaniards Tartaria Menor by the French La Petite Tartarie by the Germans Kleine Tartarey and by the English Little Tartary so call'd to distinguish it from Great Tartary in Asia as also Crim-Tartary from Crim the principal City of the Country The Air of this Country is generally granted to be of a very temperate Nature but yet unhealthful to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Little Tartary is that part of Terra Australis incognita between 240 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 48 and 52 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 8th North Climate is very different in different Parts some Places abounding with Grain and Fruits and others pestered with undrainable Marshes and barren Mountains The Length of the Days and Nights here is the same as in the Northern Parts of France The Commodities of this Country are reckon'd Slaves Leather Chalcal-Skins and several sorts of Furs which they exchange with the Adjacent Turks for other Commodities they want Some Travellers relate of this wild and barbarous Part of the World that few or no ravenous Beasts are found therein And others tell us That many of its Fens and Marshes abound mightily with Salt which is naturally there produc'd in prodigious Quantities Archbishopricks in this Country None Bishopricks in this Country are those of Caffa Gothia Universities in this Country None The Crim-Tartars are generally Men of vigorous and robust Bodies able to endure all the Hardships of a Military Life and many of them being endu'd with Courage and Vigour of Mind conform to their Strength of Body prove the best of Soldiers They are reputed to be very just in their Dealings with one another but far otherways with Strangers Many of 'em are much addicted to Pillage and they usually feed upon Horse flesh The Language of the Crim-Tartars is the Scythian or pure Tartaresque which hath such a resemblance to the Turkish as the Spanish to the Italian these Tartars and Turks understanding one another as those of Italy and Spain The Arabick is here learn'd at School as in most Parts of Turky Pater-Noster in the Tartaresque runs thus Atscha wyzom Chy hokta sen algusch ludor senug adougkel suom chauluchong bel sun senung arkchneg aleigier da vkarhtaver visum gundoluch ot mak chu musen vougou kai visum jasuchen den bisdacha hajelberin bisum jasoch namasin datcha koima visu sumanacha illa garâ—a visenu gemandam Amen This Country is govern'd by its own Prince commonly term'd the Cham of Tartary who is under the Protection of the Great Turk whose Sovereignty he acknowledgeth by the usual Ceremony of receiving a Standard The Grana Signior actually possesseth some Part of this Country and maintains one Beglierbeg and two Sangiacks in the Places of greatest Importance As also he detains as Hostage the apparent Successor of the Cham who is ordinarly either his Son or Brother To all which the Tartars readily yield upon the Account of an Ancient Compact whereby the Turkish Empire is said to descend to them whenever the Heirs Male of the Ottoman Line shall fail The Cham of Tartary bears for his Ensigns Armorial Or three Griffins Sable arm'd Gules The Crim Tartars for the most part are zealous Professors of the Mahometan Doctrine except some who continue still Pagan and intermixt with them are many Christians especially Greeks and Armenians besides a considerable number of Roman Catholicks When this Country was first watered with the Blessed Gospel is not very certain §. 4. Danubian Provinces THE remaining Part of Turky here considered under the Title of Danubian Provinces is so call'd from the Situation of these Provinces they being near unto or upon the Banks of the Danuube But since each of 'em requires a peculiar Etymology take the same as followeth 1 Transilvania the
Ancient Dacia Mediterranea so call'd by the Romans Quasi trans sylvas it being encompass'd with vast mighty Forests 2 Valachia part of Old Dacia corruptedly so call'd for Flaccia ' which Title came from one Flaccus an Ancient General who made that part of the Country a Roman Colony 3. Moldavia the Seat of the Ancient Getae so call'd from a Little River of the same Name 4. Romania the chiefest Part of Old Thrace so call'd from Roma Nova viz. Constantinople 5. Bulgaria or rather Wolgaria the Old Moesia Inferior so call'd from Volga it being formerly subdu'd and possess'd by a People which came from the Banks of that River 6. Servia of Old Moesia Superior why so call'd is not very certain 7. Bosnia Part of the Ancient Pannonia so call'd from a River of the same Name 8. Sclavonia another Part of Pannonia so call'd from its Ancient Inhabitants the Sclavi 9 Croatia heretofore known by the Name of Liburnia so call'd from its Inhabitants the Creates Lastly Dalmatia much of the Ancient Illyricum but as for the Etymology of that Name it 's not yet agreed upon among Criticks The Air of these various Provinces doth mightily vary according to their Situation and Nature of the Soil The opposite Place of the Globe to them is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 220 and 235 Degrees of Longitude with 42 and 48 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of these various Provinces they lying in the 7th and 8th North Climate cannot reasonably be expected to be the same in all Croatia is Cold and Mountainous yet producing all Necessaries for the Life of Man Servia much more Pleasant and Fertil Bulgaria Unpleasant and Barren being full of Deserts and ill inhabited Moldavia more Temperate and Fertil but the greatest Fate of it uncultivated Romania affords great Quantity of Corn and Fruits and several of its Mountains produce some Mines of Silver Lead and Allum The longest Day in the Northmost Part is about 16 Hours the shortest in the Southmost is 9 Hours and the Nights proportionably Most of these Provinces being Inland 〈◊〉 Countries except Romania and therefore little frequented by Strangers the Number of their Commodities can't be very great save only those â—â—ported from Stamboul which are chiefly Grograins Camblets 〈◊〉 Carpets â—uniâ—eeds Cottons Galls and most other rich Turkish Commodities In one of the Mines of 〈◊〉 viz. that at Rimili Dominurdiz are found sometimes large Lumps of Virgin Gold fit for the Miat without any purifying Other Parts of this Country afford such vast Quantities of Stone-Salt as to supply all the Neighbouring Nations with that useful Mineral Near to Enguedine in the same Principality the Ancient Annium are several Monuments of Antiquity especially the Remains of a large Military Way or long Cawsway made by one Annius a Captain of a Roman Cohort At Spalatro in Dalmatia are the Ruins of Dioclesian's Palace in which he took up his Residence when he retired from the Empire Here is also an intire Temple consecrated to Jupiter which is of an Octogonal Form and adorn'd with several stately Pillars of Porphyry At Zara in the same Province are many Ruins of Roman Architecture and several Heathen Altars still to be seen But what mostly deserves our regard are those Monuments of Antiquity as yet extant in or near to Constantinople the chief of which are these following viz. 1. The Hippodrome now call'd Atmidan a word of like signification in which remain some stately Hietoglyphical Pillars particularly one of Egyptian Granite fifty Foot long and yet but one Stone and another of Brass only fourteen Foot high and in form of three Serpents wreath'd together up to the Top where their heads separate and look three different ways 2. South of the Hippodrome is that Column commonly call'd the Historical Pillar curiously carv'd from Top to Bottom expressing variety of warlike Actions 3. West of the Hippodrome is another Column of Porphyry brought hither from Rome by Constantine the Great which having suffer'd much Damage by Fire is now call'd the Burnt Pillar 4. Nigh the Mouth of the Black-Sea is a Pillar of the Corinthian Order about ten Foot high with an imperfect Inscription on its Base vulgarly call'd Pompy's Pillar which hath been probably erected for a Sea-mark by Day as the Lanthorn at Fanari is by Night 5. From the Black-Sea to the City of Constantinople reacheth that Noble Aqueduct made by the Emperor Valentinian whose Name it retaineth and repair'd by Solyman the Great To these we may add that noble Pile of Building Sancta Sophia formerly a Christian Temple but now a Mahometan Mosque for a particular Description of which with the other Remarkables above mention'd see Sandy's Wheeler Spon with other Modern Travellers Here is one Patriarchate viz. that of Constantinople as also several Archbishopricks especially those of Calcedon Sophia Trasanopoli Antivari Rugusa or Ragusi Chief Bishopricks in these Provinces are those of Posega Zagrabe Narenza Belgrade Scardona Cattaro Universities in these Provinces None These various Provinces are inhabited by various sorts of People particularly the Sclavonians who are generally Men of a robust and strong Constitution and very fit to be Soldiers Next the Croats who are esteem'd to be Persons so Valiant and Faithful that they are entertain'd by many German Princes as their Guards Lastly The Servians and Bulgarians who are reckon'd very Cruel and universally given to Robbery But as for the Natural Turks they are thus Characteriz'd viz. Men of a swarthy Complexion robust Bodies of a good Stature and proportionably compact'd Men who though generally addicted to some horrid Vices not to be nam'd among Christians are yet Persons of great Integrity in their Dealings strict Observers of their Word abundantly Civil to Strangers extraordinary Charitable after their own way and so zealous Observers of the various Duties enjoin'd by their Religion especially that of Prayer that their frequency in the same may justly reproach the general Practice of Christians now a-days In their ordinary Salutations they lay their Hands on their Bosoms and a little encline their Bodies but accosting a Person of Quality they how almost to the Ground and kiss the Hem of his Garment They account it an opprobrious thing to uncover their Heads and as they walk in the Streets they prefer the Left-hand before the Right as being thereby Master of his Cymitar with whom they walk Walking up and down they never use and much wonder at that Custom of Christians Their chief Recreations are Shooting with the Bow and throwing of Lances at both of which they 're very dexterous The Sclavonian Language being of a vast Extent is us'd not only in all these Provinces though with some variation of Dialect but also in a great Part of Europe besides The purest Dialect of which Tongue is generally esteem'd that peculiar to Dalmatia As for the Turkish which is originally Sclavonian and now the prevailing
the City of Jerusalem but that more out of Curiosity than Devotion They have also a great Veneration for the Valley of Jehosaphat believing it shall be the particular Place of the General Judgment Lastly Abstinence from Wine is likewise a Precept of the Alcoran But of this they are less observant than of any of the former for many of the richest sort of Turks are great Admirers of the Juice of the Grape and will liberally taste of the same in their private Cabals These various Provinces were at first instructed in the Christian Faith at different Times and upon different Occasions SECT IX Concerning the European Islands HAving hitherto Travell'd through the various Countries on the Continent of Europe let us now leave the Continent and set Sail for its Islands And whereas the Chief of such Islands are those term'd the Britannick let us first take a Particular Survey of them and then a more General View of all the rest Therefore I. Of the Britannick Islands THESE Islands being always consider'd as divided into Greater viz. those of Great Britain and Ireland and Lesser namely those many little ones surrounding Britain I shall begin with the former comprehending in them Three distinct Kingdoms and One Principality And since our manner of Travelling through the various Countries on the Continent of Europe hath been still to proceed from North to South I shall therefore continue the afore said Method in Surveying the Isle of Great Britain having no other Regard to the Two Grand Sovereignties therein than the bare Situation of them Begin we therefore with the Northern Part of the Island viz. SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiorer Robert Morden SCOTLAND  d. m. Situated between 10 00 of Long. its greatest Length from N. to S. is about 240 Miles 17 30 between 55 00 of Latit Breadth from E to W. is about 180 Miles 59 00 Being divided into two Classes viz. South the Frith C T. Edinburgh North the Frith Aberdeen South Class comprehends Gatloway Chief Town Kirkudbright W. to E. Nithisdale Dumfreis Anandale Annand Eshdale with Eusdale Lidisdale Hermitage Tiviotdale Jedburgh The Mers Duns E. to W. Lawderdale Lauder Tweedale Peeblis Clydisdale Glascow Kyle Air Garrick Bargenny Lothian Edenburgh E. to W. Sterling Idem Renfrew Idem Cunningham Irvin Isles of Boot Rothesay Arren Peninsula of Cantyre Kilkeran North Class comprehends Fife St. Andrews E. to W. Menteith Dumblain Lennox 〈◊〉 Argile Innerara Perth Idem E. to W. Strathâ—â—◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lorn 〈◊〉 Merns Bervey E. to W. Angus Dundee Gaury Athol Blair Marr Aberdeen E. to W. Badenech Riven Iâ—chabar Innerlochy Buchan Peterhead E. to W. 〈◊〉 Idem 〈◊〉 Elgin 〈◊〉 Taine S. to N. Sâ—thâ—rland Dâ—rnock Strathnaver Strathy Catchness Wick lying N. E. of Strathnaver These are the various Divisions of Scotland according to the best Maps and the manner how they are found But since that Kingdom is ordinarly divided into Sheriffdoms Stewarties Balliaries and one Constabulary we shall also consider it in that respect and seeing each of those Sheriffdoms and Stewarties c. comprehend either a part or one or more of the aforesaid Divisions we shall here subjoin all the Sheriffdoms and Stewarties c. of the whole Kingdom and annex to each of them their whole Content whether more or less Therefore Sheriffdoms of Scotland are those of Edenburgh Containing Middle Lothian Barwick The Mers and Bailliary of Lauderdale Peeblis Twâ—edale Shelkirk The Forest of Etterick Wigâ—on The N. and W. Parts of Galloway Renfrew The Barony of Renfrew Lanerick Clidisdale Dumbritton Lenox Bute Isles of Bute Arren Striveling Striveling on both sides the River Forth Linlithgow West Lothian Glackmannan A little of the E. parts of Strivelingshire Kinross A little of the W. parts of Fife Couper The rest of Fife Forfar Anguis with its Pertinents Kinkardin Mernis Elgin The Eastern parts of Murray Nairn The Western parts Weik Caithness Orkney Isles of Orkney Schetland Sheriffdoms of Scotland are those of Aberdcen containing Marr with its Pertinents Buchan comprehending Forumartâ—n Strathbogie Perth containing Perth as also Gleushee Athol Strathandel Gawry Ramach Broad-Albin Balhider Menteith Glenurghay Strathyern Strormont Innerara containing Argile Lorn Kantire Isles W. of Lorn Kantire Bamfe containing Bamfe Strathdovern Beyn Enzy Strathawin Balveny Inverness containing Badâ—noch Lochabyr The South Part of Ross A Part of Murray beyond Nairn Westw Tayne containing Southerland Strathnaver Roxburgh containing Tiviotdale Lidisdale Eshdale with Eusâ—ale Aire containing Kyle Carrick Cunningham Dumfreis containing all Nithisdale Cromarty a little of Ross S. of Cormarty Besides these Sheriffdoms there are Stewarties Bayliaries one Constabulary Stewarties are Strathern contain Strathern Menteith Menteith Annandale Annandale Kirkudbright E. and S. parts of Galloway As also S Andrews in Fife Killemure Anguis Abernethy Perth Bayliaries are Kyle contain Kyle Carrick Carrick Cunningham Cunningham Lauderdale Lauderdale The One Constabulaty is that of Haddington containing East-Lothian THIS Country the famous Ancient Caledonia is term'd by the Italians Scotia by the Spaniards Escocia by the French Escosse by the Germans Schotland by the English and its own Natives Scotland so call'd as some fondly imagine from Scota Daughter to an Egyptian Pharaoh but more probably from Scoti Schytti or Scythi a People of Germany over the Northern Parts of which the Name of Scythia did once prevail who seized on a Part of Spain next on Ireland and from thence came into the Western Parts of this Country The Air of this Country is generally very pure and so extraordinary wholesome to breath in that several Persons in the Northmost Parts of that Kingdom do frequently arrive to greater Ages than is usual in other Nations of Europe The opposite Place of the Globe to Scotland is that Part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 190 and 196 Degrees of Longitude with 56 and 60 Degrees of South Latitude Notwithstanding this Country is of a Situation considerably Northern it lying in the 11th 12th and beginning of the 13th North Climate yet it produceth all Necessaries and many of the Comforts of Humane Life Its Seas are wonderfully stor'd with most kinds of excellent Fish Its Rivers do mightily abound with the choicest of Salmons Its Plains do sufficiently produce most kinds of Grain Herbs and Fruits and many of its Mountains are not only lin'd with valuable Mines and the best of Coals but also several of them are so cover'd over with numerous Flocks that great Droves of Cattle do yearly pass into the North of England The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 18 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost 6 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The Chief Commodities of this Country are most sorts of Fish in great abundance much Linnen-Cloath and Tallow vast numbers of Cattle and Hides as also excellent Honey Lead-Oar Iron Train-Oyl Course Cloaths Frizes c. In Clydsdale are yet to be seen for several Miles the Remains of a large Roman Cawsway or Military-way which
redounding from thence do serve according to the Testimony of a late Traveller to defray the Charges of the Venetian Fleet. In this Island are several remarkable Fountains out of which there bubbles up a pitchy Substance in great quantities In the Monastry of Sancta Maria de la Croce is the Tomb of M. T. Cicero and Terentia his Wise with two several Inscriptions one for him and the other for her found upon a Stone which some time ago was dug out of the Ground nigh the place of the aforesaid Tomb. The Inhabitants reckoning both Greeks and Jews amount to about 20 or 25000 and are govern'd by a Noble Venetian sent thither with full Power from the Senate XII Cephalonia or old Melaena Taphos or Teleboa is likeways under the State of Venice and chiefly abounds in dry Raisins which the Venetians turn to good Advantage and excellent Wines especially Red Muscadels which many call by the Name of Luke Sherry It hath its particular Providitor whose Government lasteth Thirty two Months This Island was bestow'd upon the Republick of Venice Anno 1224. by Gaio then Lord thereof but master'd by the Turks in 1479. and possess'd by them till 1499 when driven thence by the Venetians who re-peopl'd it with Christians and afterwards fortifying the same against future Invasions have hitherto continued Masters thereof Lastly Corfu formerly Corcyra is bless'd with a veary healthful Air and fruitful Soil for Wine and Oyl but not for Corn of which the Inhabitants are suppli'd from the Continent It belongs to the Republick of Venice and is deservedly term'd The Port of the Gulf and Barrier of Italy The Government thereof is lodg'd in six Noble Venetians whose Power lasteth for the space of two Years The first of these Noble Men hath the Title of Baily The second of Providitor and Captain The third and fourth of Counsellors The fifth of Great Captain And the sixth of Castelan or Governor of the Castle de la Campana in the old Town The Greeks are very numerous in this Island and have a Vicar-General whom they stile Proto-papa In the time of Solyman II. no less than 25000 Turks did Land in Corfu under the Command of the Famous Barbarossa yet such was the Conduct of the wise Venitians that they forc'd him to make a shameful Retreat To speak more particularly of each of these Islands and many others reducible to the two Classes of Cyclades and Sporades would far surpass our designed Brevity Conclude we therefore this tedious Section with the following Advertisement That whereas in treating of Islands after we took leave of the Continent of Europe I esteem'd it most methodical to bring all those in the Mediterranean Sea under the Title of European Islands yet the Reader is hereby desir'd to take notice that all of 'em are not usually reckon'd as such the Isle of Malta being generally accounted an African and Cyprus with Rhodes among the Asiatick as are also several others on the Coast of Natolia And so much for Europe and the European Islands Now followeth ASIA a New Description by Robt. Morden CHAP. II. Of ASIA Divided page 43. into Tartary Capital City Chambalu China Pekin or Xuntien India Agra Persia Ispahan Turky in Asia Aleppo To these add the Asiatick Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Tartary  d. m. Situated between 77 10 of Long. its greatest Length from E to W. is about 3000 Miles 163 00 between 37 00 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 2250 Miles 75 04 Tartary comprehends five great Parts Viz. 3 South Kathay Chief Town Chambalu From E. to W. Turkhestan Ihibet Zagathay Samarchand 2 North Tartaria propria Mongul or Tenduc From E. to W. Tartary the Desert Cumbalich THIS Country the greatest Part thereof being reckon'd the Scythia Asiatica of the Ancients is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Tartaria by the French la Tartarie by the Germans Tartarijen and by the English Tartary so call'd from Tartar or Tatar a River of that Country which is said to empty it self into the vast Northern Ocean But others chuse rather to derive the Name from Tatar or Totar which in the Syriack Language signifieth a Remnant imagining that the Tartars are the remainders of those Israelites who where carried by Salmanasser into Media It 's term'd Tartary the Great to distinguish it from the Lesser in Europe The Air of this Country is very different by reason of its vast Extent from South to North the Southmost Parts thereof having the same Latitude with the middle Provinces of Spain and the Northmost reaching beyond the Arctick Polar Circle What its real Extent from East to West may be is not certainly known as yet only this we will affirm in general that 't is much less than commonly suppos'd if the Relations of some late Travellers in these Parts of the World be found afterwards to hold true The opposite Place of the Globe to Tartary is part of the vast Pacifick Ocean as also the Countries of Chili Paraguay and Terra Magellanica This vast Country towards the North it lying in the 6th 7th 8th 9th 10th 11th 12th c. North Climate is extremely Barren being every where encumber'd with unwholesome Marishes and uninhabited Mountains but in the Southern Parts the Soil is indifferently good for Tillage and Grazing especially the latter and towards the East 't is reported to be abundantly fertil in Corn where duly manur'd and several sorts of Herbs especially Rhubarb The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about two Months the Sun not Setting for that time when near the Summer Solstice the shortest in the Southmost is about 9 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Sable Martins Silks Comlets Flax Musk Cinnamon and vast Quantities of Rhubarb c. In lieu of the Rarities of this barbarous and little frequented Country we may mention that prodigious Wall dividing Tartary from China erected by the Chineses to hinder the frequent Incursions of their unwelcome Neighbours the Tartars 't was commonly reckon'd Three hundred German Leagues in length Thirty Cubits high in most places and Twelve in breadth The time of its building is computed to be about Two hundred Years before the Incarnation of our Blessed Saviour By our latest Relations of the State and Nature of this Country we find that some remarkable Vulcano's are to be seen in the North and Eastern Parts thereof Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities in this Country none The Tartars are a People of a swarthy Complexion strong Bodies and middle Stature The generality of 'em are Persons of broad Faces hollow Eyes thin Beards thick Lips slat Noses and ugly Countenances In Behaviour they 're very Rude and Barbarous commonly devouring the Flesh of their Enemies and drinking their Blood so soon as they are in their Power Their ordinary Food is Horse-flesh which they greedily tear and eat up like so many Ravenous
Vultures Their manner of Living is commonly in Tents in the open Fields which they remove from place to place according to the time of the Year and conveniency of Grazing Many of 'em make excellent Soldiers being not only willing and able to endure great Fatigues but also very dexterous and daring in time of Engagement When they seem many times to fly before their Enemies they 'll unexpectedly send back a dreadful Shower of Arrows in the Faces of their Pursuers and frequently turning about do give them a violent Charge and all without the least disorder When their great Cham dies 't is reportd That many of his chief Officers are immediately kill'd and interred with him that they may also attend him as they imagine in the other World according to their respective Posts here The Language us'd by the Asiatick Tartars is not much different from the Tartaresque spoken by those of Crim Tartary a Specimen of which is already given in Europe and both have a great Affinity with the Turkish The vast Body of Tartary is said to be subject to several Princes who are wholly accountable in their Government to one Sovereign who is commonly term'd the Great Cham whose Government is most Tyrannical and Crown hereditary The Lives and Goods of his People are altogether in his Power His Subjects stile him the Sun and Shadow of the Immortal God and render him a kind of Adoration never speaking unto him Face to Face but falling down upon their Knees with their Faces towards the Ground He looks upon himself as the Monarch of the whole World and from that vain Opinion is reported to cause his Trumpets to sound every Day after Dinner pretending thereby to give leave to all other Kings and Princes of the Earth to Dine For the better management of Publick Affairs he 's said to appoint two Councils each consisting of twelve Persons the wisest and best experienced of any that he can pitch upon of which one doth constantly attend the Affairs of State and the other those which relate to the War Yet after all this mighty Cham is lookt upon by some Judicious Persons as a meer Chimera and those strange Relations concerning him though hitherto current are thought to have a near Affinity unto the Legenda Aurea of the Roman Church The most receiv'd Opinion about the Arms of the Great Cham is that as Emperor of Tartary he bears Or an Owl Sable But what as King of China see the following Section The Inhabitants of this Country are partly Pagan partly Mahometan and partly Christian Paganism doth chiefly prevail in the Northmost Parts the People being generally gross Idolaters in those places In the Southern Provinces they 're for the most part followers of Mahomet's Doctrine especially since the Year 1246. And towards the Caspian Sea are found a considerable number of Jews thought by some to be the Off-spring of the ten Tribes led away Captive by Salmanasser Those of the Christian Religion overgrown of late by Nestorianism are scatter'd up and down in several Parts of this vast Country but most numerous in Cathay and the City of Cambalu The Christian Faith was first planted in this Country as is generally believ'd by the Labours of St. Andrew and St. Philip two of the Apostles SECT II. Concerning China  d. m. Situated between 118 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S. W is about 1380 Miles 141 00 between 20 30 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 1260 Miles 41 10 China contains Sixteen Provinces Viz. 6 North Leaotung Chief Town Leaoyang E. to W. Xantung Chinan Peking Idem aliter Xuntien Xansi Taiyven Honau Kaijung Xensi Sigan 10 South Nanking Id. alit Kiangnan E. to W Chekiang Haugchew Kiangsi Nanchang Fokien Focheu Huquang Unchang Quantung Quancheu Suchuen Chingtu Queicheu Queiyang Quansi Quilin Junnan Idem THIS Country thought by most Geographers to be the Ancient Sinae mention'd by Ptolomy is term'd by the French la Chine and by the Italians Spaniards Germans and English China so call'd according to the best Conjecture from one of its Ancient Monarchs nam'd Cina who is said to have liv'd about fifty Years before the Nativity of our Blessed Saviour Many other Names it hath had since that time for when the Government falls from one Family to another the first Prince of that Name is said to give a new Name to the whole Country the latest of which Modern Names are Tamin signifying the Kingdom of Brightness and Chuinque i. e. The Kingdom of the Middle the Chineses imagining that the Earth is Square and that their Country is situated exactly in the middle of it The Air of this Country is generally very Temperate save only towards the North where 't is sometimes intollerably Cold and that because of several Mountains of a prodigious height whose Tops are ordinarily cover'd with Snow The opposite Place to China is the South part of Brasil together with the East of Paraguay This Country it lying in the 4th 5th 6th North Climate is for the most part of a very rich and fertil Soil insomuch that its Inhabitants in several places are said to have two and sometimes three Harvests in a Year It abounds with Corn Wine and all kinds of Fruits Its Lakes and Rivers are very well furnisht with Fish and some afford various kinds of Pearls and Bezoar of great value Its Mountains are richly lin'd with several Mines of Gold and Silver Its Plains are extraordinary fit for Pasturage And its pleasant Forests are every where stor'd with all sorts of Venison In a word the whole Country in general is esteem'd one of the best in the World The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 14 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost is about 10 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionable The Commodities of this Country are Gold Silver Precious Stone Quicksilver Porcelline Dishes Silks Cottons Rhubarb Sugar Camphire Musk Ginger China-Wood c. Peculiar to this Country is a short Tree with a round Head and very thick which in respect of its Fruit may bear the Name of the Tallow Tree for at a certain Season of the Year 't is full of Fruit containing divers Kernels about the bigness of a small Nut which Kernels have all the Qualities of Tallow being the very same both as to Colour Smell and Consistency and by mixing a little Oyl with them do make as good burning Candles as Europeans usually make of pure Tallow it self 2 Here is a large Mountain full of terrible Caverns in one of which is a Lake of such a nature that if a Stone be thrown into it presently there 's heard a hideous noise as of a frightful Clip of Thunder and sometimes there ariseth a gross Mist which immediately dissolves into Water 3. In the City of Peking is a prodigious big Bell weighing 120000 Pounds surpassing the noted Bell of Erfurd in Upper
very cautious in their Actions Over each Province is appointed a Vice Roy and under him a great many Publick Officers To shun Oppression of the Subject by these various Ministers the Emperor before the Tartarian Conquest had a certain number of secret Spies in every Province to have a watchful Eye upon the Actions of every Publick Officer and upon any visible Act of Injustice in discharge of his Office they were to produce their Commission and by virtue thereof did seize such an Officer though of the highest Station but this is laid aside those Persons having mightily abus'd their Power Yet in lieu thereof they still retain one Custom which is certainly very singular viz. That every Vice Roy and Publick Officer is bound to take a Note of his own Miscarriages in the Management of Publick Affairs from time to time and humbly acknowledging the same is bound to find them in writing to Court Which Task is undoubtedly very irksome on one hand if duly perform'd but yet more dangerous on the other if wholly neglected Very remarkable are three Maxims of State carefully observ'd by the Chinesian Emperors viz. 1 Never to give any Mandarin a Publick Office in his Native Province lest being of a mean Descent it might contribute to his Disparagement or being well Descended and belov'd he should thereby grow too powerful 2. To retain at Court the Children of the Mandarins imploy'd in Publick Offices and that under pretence of giving them good Education but 't is in effect as Hostages lest their Fathers should chance to forget their Duty to the Emperor Lastly Never to sell any Publick Office but to confer the same according to Person 's Merits The Great Cham as King of China is said to bear for Ensigns Armorial Argent three Black-a-moor's Heads plac'd in the Front their bust vested Gules but according to others two Dragons The prevailing Religion in China is Paganism or gross Idolatry and in some Parts the Doctrine of Mahomet is entertain'd Of the several Idols to whom the Chineses pay their Devotions there are two of chief Note viz. One in form of a Dragon whom the Emperor with his Mandarins do religiously Worship prostrating themselves frequently before it and burning Incense unto it The other is call'd Fo or Foë set up as is conjectur'd in favour of one of their own Nation who is thought to have flourished about a thousand Years before our Blessed Saviour and for his wonderful Parts and Actions was esteem'd worthy of being Deifi'd at his Death They look upon him as the Saviour of the World and that he was sent to teach the Way of Salvation and make an Attonement for the Sins of Men. They mightily prize some Moral Precepts which they pretend he left and which the Bonzes or Priests do frequently inculcate upon the Minds of the People To this God are erected many Temples and he 's worshipped not only under the Shape of a Man but in the Person of a Real Man who they say never dies being upheld in that vain Opinion by the Lamas or Tartaran Priests who upon the Death of that Immortal Man take due care as the Egyptian Priests did their Apis to put one of their own number in his room and that of the same Features and Proportion or as near as possibly they can The Chineses have a mighty Spur to be cautious in all their Actions from an Opinion universally receiv'd among them viz. That the Souls of their deceased Friends are always at least frequently present with them and narrowly viewing their Deportment If we may believe the Writings of some late French Missionaries Christianity hath obtain'd considerable footing of late in this Country especially in the Province of Nankin and that the present Emperor hath allowed of the same by a Publick Edict throughout all the Empire The first Plantation of Christianity in this part of the World was undertaken according to common belief by St. Thomas or some of his Disciples Which Opinion is confirm'd by an Ancient Breviary of the Indian Churches containing these Words Per D. Thomam Regnum Caelorum volavit ascendit ad Sinas SECT III. Concerning India  d. m. Situated between 92 00 of Long. its greatest Length from N. W. to S. E. is about 1680 Miles 131 06 between 08 12 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 1690 Miles 40 00 India viz. all between China and Persia comprehends The Great Mogul's Empire containing many little Kingdoms but chiefly those of Delli Chief Town Idem in the main Land Agra Idem Cambaia Idem on the Sea-Coast Bengala Idem Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem containing the Kingdoms of Decan Goa Northward Golcond Idem Bisnagar Idem in the middle Malabar Calicute Southward Peninsula Indiae extra Gangem containing the Kingdoms of Pegu Idem from N. to S. Tunqum Idem Cochinchin Idem Siam Martaban Idem Siam Idem Malacca Idem THIS vast Complex Body consider'd here under the Title of India viz. all between Persia and China comprehends as aforesaid many distinct and considerable Kingdoms but all reducible to Three great Divisions abovemention'd to wit the Mogul's Empire and the two Peninsula's of India one within and the other without the Ganges Of all which separately and in their Order Therefore §. 1. The Mogul 's Empire THIS Country is a great Part of the Modern and Ancient India remarkable in the History of Alexander the Great and term'd India from the River Indus but now the Mogul's Empire as being subject unto that mighty Eastern Monarch commonly known by the Name of the Great Mogul In the Northern parts of this Empire the Air is said to be extremely cold and piercing about the time of the Sun 's greatest Southern Declination but in the Southern Provinces much more temperate The opposite Place of the Globe to the Mogul's Empire is that part of the â—ast Pacifick Ocean between 270 and 310 Degrees of Longitude with 25 and 39 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this vast Country it lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is extraordinary barren in several Parts being encumbered with formidable dry sandy Mountains but elsewhere very plentiful especially in Cotton Millet Rice and most sorts of Fruits The length of the Days and Nights in this Country is the same as in the Kingdom of China they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Aloes Musk Rhubarb Wormseeds Civits Indigo Laique Borâ—x Ogium Amber Myrabolans Sal-Armoniac Silk Cottons Callicoes Sattins Taffaties Carpets Metals Porcelline Earth and most sorts of Spices c. In several Parts of the Mogul's Empire particularly the Kingdom of Cambaia are divers noted Vulcano's which usually Smoke and sometimes break out in terrible Eruptions of Fire and Sulphurious Matter In and about the Imperial City of Agra are the splendid Sepulchres of the Royal Family of the Mogul's particularly that glorious Monument of the
the Ganges THIS large Country comprehending several Kingdoms abovemention'd was term'd Peninsula Indiae intra Gangem by the Ancients particularly the Romans and that upon the account of its Situation being within or on this side the River Ganges in respect of the Empire of Persia or Western Parts of Asia The Air of this Country is generally very hot yet in most of the Maritime Places 't is frequently qualifi'd by cold Breezes from the Sea The opposite Place of the Globe to this Peninsula is that part of the Pacifick Ocean between 230 and 245 Degrees of Longitude with 17 and 25 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Peninsula is for the most part extraordinary Fertil producing all desirable Fruits Roots and Grain besides vast quantities of Medicinal Herbs The longest Day in the Northmost Parts of this Country is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 11 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Metals Silks Cottons Pearls Drugs Dates Coco's Rice Ginger Cinnamon Pepper Cassia c. In several places of the Kingdom of Decan is a noted Tree call'd by Travellers the Nure-Tree whose Nature is such that every Morning 't is full of stringy Red Flowers which in the heat of the Day fall down in Showers to the Ground and blossoming again in the Night it daily appears in a new Livery 2. In the Island Salsete adjacent to Goa are vast Receptâ—â—les cut out of the main Rock one above another some of â—em being equal in bigness to a Village of Four hundred 〈◊〉 and adorn'd throughout with strange frightful Statues of 〈◊〉 representing Elephants Tygers Lyons Amazons c. 3 In the Island Conorein near Bombay belonging to the 〈◊〉 is a City of the same Name having divers large Heathen Temples and many other Appartments all cut out of the firm Rock Which stupendious Work is attributed by some to Alexander the Great but that without any shew of probability 4. In another adjacent Island belonging also to the Portuguese and call'd Elephanco from a huge Artisicial Elephant of Stone bearing a young one upon its Back is another Idolatrous Temple of a prodigious bigness cut out of the firm Rock 'T is supported by sorty two Pillars and open on all sides except the East where stands an Image with three Heads adorn'd with strange Hieroglyphicks and the Walls are set round with monstrous Giants whereof some have no less than eight Heads 5. At a City in the Kingdom of Decan known to Travellers by the Name of Dungeness is another Heathen Temple much the same with that above-mention'd Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universittes None The Natives of the various Provinces of this Peninsula are much the same in Manners with those in the Southern Parts of the Mogul's Dominions already mention'd The chief of the Indian Tongues in this Peninsula are Two viz. the Carabine mostly in use about Goa and the Gazarate which is spoken in Bisnagar and the Coasts of Coromandel In this Peninsula are a great many Princes who assume to themselves the Title of Kings the chief of them being those of Calicut Cochin Cananor Crangâ—ner Travancor and Taner besides which are several sorts of People in various parts of this Country who acknowledge Subjection to none of these nor to any other nor can they accord among themselves being commonly divided into various Parties who pitisully harass one another and those on the Coast of Malabar are much addicted to Pyracy What are the true Ensigns Armotial of these Indian Princes or if any is mostly conjectural all we find of 'em is that some in Decan and Cambaia bear Verte enâ—ompass'd with a Coilar of large precious Stones The Inhabitants of this Peninsula are generally Mahometans especially those who live near the Sea-Coasts but People residing in the Inland Parts are gross Idolaters worshipping not only the Sun and Moon but also many Idols of most ugly and horrible Aspects and in some Parts of Decan they look upon the first Creature they meet with in the Morning as the proper Object of their Worship for that Day except it be a Crow the very sight of which will consine them to their Houses the whole Day In most of the Sea-Port Towns and Places of Trade are Jews in considerable numbers and many European Christians especially those of our English Factories Christianity was first planted in this Country much about the same time with the Mogul's Empire Of which already §. 3. The Peninsula of India beyond the Ganges THIS last Division of India is term'd the Peninsula beyond the Ganges because of its Situation it lying beyond that famous River in respect of the other Peninsula or the Western Parts of Asia in general The Air of this Peninsula is somewhat different according to the Situation and Nature of the various Parts of that Country yet generally esteem'd indifferent healthful and temperate enough considering the Latitude of those places The opposite Place of the Globe to this Peninsula is that part of Nova Zelandia between 210 and 230 Degrees of Longitude with 1 to 24 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying under the 1st 2d and 3d North Climate is extraodinary Fertil producing in great plenty all sorts of desirable Fruits and Grain besides 't is well stockt with invaluable Mines and great quantity of precious Stones yea so vastly Rich is this Country that the Southmost part thereof viz. Chersonese d'or is esteem'd by many to be the Land of Ophir to which King Solomon sent his Ships for Gold The longest Day in the Northmost parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost near about 12 Hours and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Silver precious Stones Silks Porcelline Earth Aloes Musk Rhubarb Alabaster c. Among the Rarities of this Country we may reckon the Golden House in the City of Arracan being a large Hall in the King's Palace whose inside is intirely overlaid with Gold having a stately Canopy of Massy Gold from the Edges of which hang above an hundred Combalenghe or large Wedges of Gold in form of Sugar-Loaves Here also are seven Idols of Massy Gold of the height of an ordinary Man whose Foreheads Breasts and Arms are adorn'd with variety of precious Stones as Rubies Emeralds Saphires and Diamonds In this Hall are also kept the two famous Caneques i. e. two Rubies of prodigious Value about which the Neighbouring Princes frequently contending have drawn Seas of Blood from each others Subjects and all from a vain Opinion That the Possession of those Jewels carry along with them a just Claim of Dominion over the Neighbouring Princes Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None What was said of the Natives of the other Peninsula in point of Manners the same may be affirm'd of those inhabiting this The various Europeans here residing are much
fertil abounding with Oyl and Wine and most sorts of Grain and Fruits But much of the Inland Provinces lie uncultivated a thing too common in most Countries subject to the Mahometan Yoke The length of the Days and Nights is the same here as in Greece they both lying-under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Raw Silks Goats-Hair Twisted Cotten Cordovants of several Colours Calicuts white and blew Wooll for Matrisses Tapistries Quilted Coverlets Soap Rhubarb Galls Valleneed Scommony Opium c. Not far from Smyrna by the Turks Ismyr is a certain kind of Earth commonly call'd by the Franks Soap-Earth which boileth up out of the Ground and is always gathered before Sun-rising and that in such prodigious Quantity that many Camels are daily imploy'd in carrying Loads of it to divers Soap-Houses at some distance where being mix'd with Oyl and both boil'd together for several Days it becomes at last an excellent sort of Soap 2. Nigh to Smyrna are the Vestigia of a Roman Circus and Theatre and thereabouts is frequently found variety of Roman Medals 3. About two easy days Journey East from Smyrna are some Remains of the Ancient Thyatira as appears from ten or twelve remarkable Inscriptions still to be seen for which Vid. Wheeler 's Travels from Page 230 to 236. and therefore Tyreth a small Village twenty Miles South-East of Ephesus is falsely taken for it by the Ignorant Greeks 4. At Mylasa formerly Melasso in Caria are noble Remains of Antiquity particularly a magnificent Temple of Maible built in Honour of Augustus Caesar and the Goddess of Rome as appears from an Inscription upon the Front which is still intire Here also is a stately Column call'd the Pillar of Menander with a little curious Temple but uncertain for what or by whom erected 5. At Ephesus now call'd Ajâ— Salove by the Turks are yet to be seen some Ancient Christian Churches particularly that of St. John the intirest of 'em all and now converted into a Mahometan Mosque as also the Vestigia of a Roman Amphitheatre Circus and Aqueduct together with a large heap of stately Ruins generally reckon'd those of the once magnificent Temple of Diana the great Goddess of the Ephesians 6 At Laodicea by the Turks Eske-hissar which is utterly forsaken of Men and now the Habitation of wild Beasts are still extant three Theatres of white Marble and a stately Circus all so intire as yet that they would seem to be only of a Modern date 7. At Sardis by the Turks Sart or Sards now a little nasty beggarly Village though once the Royal Seat of rich King Craesus are the Remains of some stately Ancient Architecture with several imperfect Inscriptions 8. At Pergamos which still retains the Name of Pargamo and is observable for being the place where Parchment was first invented are the Ruins of the Palace of the Atalick Kings Here is also the Ancient Christian Church of Sancta Sophia now converted into a Mahometan Mosque As for Philadelphia the last of the famous Seven Churches of Asia now call'd by the Turks Allach Scheyr i. e. The City of God 't is remarkable at present for nothing so much as the considerable number of Christians dwelling in it they amounting to two thousand and upwards The State of Christianity being very deplorable through most Parts of the Ottoman Dominions and not only the chief Ecclesiasticks of the Christian Churches viz. Patriarchs Archbishops and Bishops but also their very Sees being frequently alter'd according as their Tyrannical Master the Turk proposeth advantage by such Alterations and whereas a great many Titular Bishops yea Archbishops and some Patriarchs are often created it is equally vain to expect as impossible to give an exact List of all the Ecclesiastical Dignities in those Parts whether Real or Nominal Let it therefore suffice once for all to subjoin in this place the most remarkable of the Christian Ecclesiasticks through all Parts of the Asiatick and African Turky still referring the Reader to the same as he travelleth through the various Parts of this vast Empire These Ecclesiasticks being Patriarchs Archbishops and Bishops The chief Patriarchs besides him of Constantinople already mention'd in Europe are those of Jerusalem Alexandria and Antioch as also two Armerian one of which resideth at Ecmeasin a Monastry in Georgia and the other at Sis in Aladuha and lastly one Nestorian whose place of Residence is commonly at Mosul in Diarbeck The chief Archbishopricks together with the European are those of Heraclea Adrianople Patras Saloniki Corinth Proconesus Athens Nicosia Amasia Malvasia Janna Scutari Amphipoli Monembasia Tyana Napoli di Romania Methynna Tyre Larissa Phanarion Berytus The chief of the many Bishopricks besides the European are those of Ephesus Trebisonde Amasia Ancyra Drama Nova Caesarea Cyzicus Smyrna Cogni Nicomedia Metylene Rhodes Nice Serra Chio Calcedon Christianepeli S. John D'Acre As for Universities in this Country the Turks are such Enemies to Letters in general that they not only despise all Humane Literature or acquired Knowledge but the very Art of Printing the most effectual means of communicating Knowledge is expresly inhibited by their Law so that the Reader must not expect to find the Seats of the Muses among them It 's true the Jesuits and some other Orders of the Roman Church where establisht in these Countries do usually instruct the Children of Christian Parents in some publick Halls erected for that purpose but these small Nurseries of Learning are so inconsiderable that they deserve not the Name of Colleges much less the Title of Universities The Inhabitants of this large Country being chiefly Turks and Greeks a particular Character of 'em both is already given in Europe when treating of Greece and the Danubian Provinces to which I refer the Reader The prevailing Languages in this Country are the Turkish and Vulgar Greek a Specimen of which is already given when treating of Turky in Europe This large Country being intirely subject to the heavy burden of the Ottoman Yoke is govern'd by four Beglerbegs in Subordination to the Grand Signior the first of 'em resideth at Cotyaeum about thirty Leagues from Byrsa the second at Cogni formerly Iconium the third at Amasia in the Province of the same Name and the last at Marat the principal City of Aladulia See Turky in Europe page 182. The establisht Religion of this Country is that of Mahometanism but Persons of all Professions being tollerated in these Parts as elsewhere through the Turkish Dominions here are great multitudes of Christians particularly Greeks and those of all sorts as Armenians Jacobites Maronites Nestorians Melchites c. and intermixt with these is a considerable number of Jews Christianity was planted betimes in this Part of the World and that by the Preaching and Writings of the Inspir'd Apostles especially St. John the Divine here being the Seven famous Churches to which he wrote viz. those of Ephesus
highly probable that this individual Part of the Bay was the very place of the Whale's delivery it being the nearest to Nineveh of any in the Levant Which conjecture I humbly suppose is somewhat more reasonable than that of some dreaming Ancients who vainly imagin'd that the monstrous Fish did almost surround one fourth part of the World in seventy two hours and that when big with Child Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities See Natolia The Inhabitants of this Country are mostly Turks and Greeks whose respective Characters are already given in Turky of Europe pages 174 and 181. as also many Jews and Armenians with other sorts of Christians intermixt of whom the Reader may find some Account towards the latter part of this Section when we come to treat of Palestine and the Euphratian Provinces The chief Language of this Country is the Turkish for a Specimen of which Vid. page 181. the Ancient Syriac being lost among ' em The various Europeans here residing do commonly use the Lingua Franca This Country being subject unto and successively rul'd by the Seleucidae the Romans the Saracens the Christians and Sultans of Egypt was at last conquer'd by the Turks in the time of Selimus I. Anno 1517. under whose heavy Yoke it hath ever since groan'd and is at present govern'd by its particular Bassa appointed by the Grand Signior whose place of Residence is ordinarily at Aleppo the principal City of this Province and thought to be the Aram Sobah mention'd in Holy Scripture But the whole Country of Syria according to its Modern Extant is subject to three Bassa's the first commonly residing as aforesaid at Aleppo the second at Damascus in Phaenice and the third at Tripoli of Syria Subordinate to each of these Bassa's both here and in other Parts of the Ottoman Dominions are various Cadi's or Judges who hear and determine the several Causes whether Civil or Criminal which at any time happen between Man and Man And here I can't omit one particular which as 't is a mighty disparagment to this People so I wish 't were peculiar to them viz. their Mercenary Distribution of Justice for not always the Equity of the Cause but the Liberality of the Party does ordinarily determine the Matter As some of our English Factories in these Parts of the World have experienc'd more than once See the Ensigns Armorial of the Grand Signior page 182. The establisht Religion of this Country is that of Mahometanism the Essential Tenets of which are already set down page 182. to which I remit the Reader But since one thing enjoyn'd by that Religion is the most excellent and necessary Duty of Prayer I can't omit one laudable Practice of this People in that Point I mean not only their imitable frequency in performing this Duty but also their most commendable fervency and seriousness in the performance of it For whenever they set about the same they Address themselves to the Almighty with all profound Respect and Reverence imaginable and in the humblest Posture they can sometimes standing often kneeling and frequently prostrating themselves on the Ground and kissing the same and during the whole performance their very Countenance doth plainly declare the inward Fervour and Devotion of their Mind Yea so exact and punctual are they in observing the various Hours appointed for Prayer and so serious and devout in performing that Duty that the generality of us Christians have too good Reason in both these Respects to say with the Poet Pudet haec opprobria nobis c. The Muezans or Marabounds being those Persons who call the People to Prayers use commonly these words Allah ekber allah ekber allah ekber eschadou in la illah illallah hi allc salla hi alle salla allah ekber allah ekber allah ekber la illa illalah i. e. God is great God is great God is great give Testimony that there is but one God Come yield your selves up to his Mercy and pray him to forgive you your Sins God is great God is great God is great there is no other God but God Dispers'd over all this Country and intermixt with the Turks are many Jews and various sorts of Christians particularly Greeks Armenians Maronites c. but most lamentable is the State of those Christians at present not only in respect of that woful Ignorance under which they universally labour and the Turkish Slavery and Insolence to which they 're expos'd but also in point of those dismal Heats and Divisions those numerous Factions and Parties now among 'em For so bitterly inveterate are they against one another and to such a height do their Animosities frequently come as to give fresh Occasion to the Common Enemy to harass them more and more Christianity was planted very early in these parts of the World most of this Country being watered with the Blessed Gospel in the Apostolick Age. Phaenicia or Phaenice THIS Country very famous of old but now of a very sad and melancholy Aspect and groaning under the Turkish Yoke hath undergone such dismal Devastations by the destroying Arabs that there 's nothing now remarkable in it save a few Ancient Maritime Cities mostly in Ruines which yet maintain something of Trade with Strangers as particularly Damascus call'd by the Turks Scham St. John d'Acre formerly Ptolemais and lastly Sure and Said which were the Ancient Tyre and Sydon Leaving therefore this desolate Country we pass on to Palestine or Judaea THIS Country most memorable in Holy Scripture and sometimes stil'd Canaan from Canaan the Son of Cham sometimes the Land of Promise because promis'd to Abraham and his Seed and sometimes Judaea from the Nation of the Jews or People of the Tribe of Juda is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Palestina by the French Palestine by the Germans Palestinen or das Gelobte-land by the English Palestine or The Holy Land It 's call'd Palestine quasi Philistim from the Philistins once a mighty Nation therein and Holy Land because 't was the Scene of the Life and Sufferings of the ever Blessed and most Holy Jesus the glorious Redeemer of Men. The Air of this Country excepting those Parts adjacent to the Lake of Sodom of which afterwards is so extraordinary pleasant serene and healthful to breath in that many of its present Inhabitants do frequently arrive to a considerable Age. The opposite Place of the Globe to Palestine is that part of the vast Pacifick Ocean between 245 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 29 and 32 Degrees of South Latitude This Country situated partly in the 4th and 5th North Climate and not exceeding seventy Leagues in length from North to South and thirty in breadth from East to West was blessed with an extraordinary rich and fertil Soil producing all things in such abundance that the Scripture terms it a Land flowing with Milk and Honey yea so wonderful was the fertility thereof and such vast multitudes of People did it maintain that King
David numbred in his time no less than 1300000 fighting Men besides the Tribes of Levi and Benjamin But alas such were the crying Sins of its Inhabitants that it not only spew'd them out as it had done those who dwelt before them But the Almighty being highly provok'd by their many and repeated Abominations hath turn'd that fruitful Land into barrenness for the wickedness of them who dwelt therein For such is the dismal State of this Country at present that besides the Turkish Yoke under which it groans the greatest part thereof is not only laid waste but even where duly manur'd 't is generally observ'd that the Soil is not near so fertil as formerly The longest Day in the Northmost part of this Country is about 14 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost is about 10 Hours and the Nights proportionably Such is the mean and depauperated State of this Country at present that we may now reckon it destitute of all Commodities for the Merchant its Inhabitants now-a-days being mere Strangers to all manner of Commerce In its flourishing Condition under the Kings of Judah and Israel the People thereof did indeed manage a very considerable Trade abroad and that chiefly by the two famous Emporiums of Tyre and Sydon abovemention'd besides the Ships of Tarshish which Solomon sent yearly to the Land of Ophir and so noted were these two Maritime Cities of old for Merchandizing that the Evangelical Prophet Isaiah 23. 8. denouncing the overthrow of Tyre calls it The Crowning City whose Merchants are Princes and whose Traffickers are the Honourable of the Earth And Verse 3. he termeth Sydon a Mart of Nations But so fully accomplisht is the Prophetical Denounciation against 'em both and so low and despicable is their Condition at present that I heartily wish all flourishing Cities of Christendom might be so wise as seriously to reflect on the same and to take timely warning by them especially considering that most of our Populous and Trading Cities are now such Dens of Iniquity that their Inhabitants may justly dread That 't will be more tollerable for Tyre and Sydon in the day of judgment than fâ—r them In the Southern Parts of Palestine is Asphaltis or Asphaltites so term'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 i. e. Bitumen that noted Lake of Judaea where the abominable Cities of Sodom and Gomorrah formerly stood otherways call'd the Dead Sea and remarkable at present for abundance of Sulphurous Vapours which still ascend in so great a measure that no Bird is able to fly from one side of the Lake to the other 'T is also observable for good store of Apples growing near its Banks which appear very lovely to the Eye but being toucht and cut up prove mere naught being nothing else but a heap of nauseous Matter 2. Nigh to the place of the Ancient Sarepta are many Caves and Apartments hewen out of the firm Rock which some vainly imagine to have been the Habitation of Men in the Golden Age before Cities in these Parts of the World were well-known But others with greater shew of probability take 'em for the Caves of the Sidonians mention'd in the Book of Joshua under the Name of Mearah 3 Not far from the once noted City of Tyre are several large square Cisterns which still go by the Name of Solomon's among the Christians of that Country but why so call'd they can give no other reason than bare Tradition 4. At St John d' Acre the Ancient Ptolemais are yet to be seen the Ruins of a Palace which acknowledgeth Richard I. King of England for its Founder and the Lion pissant is still visible upon some of the Stones 5. On Mount Carmel are some Remains of a Monastry of Carmelite Fryers with a Temple dedicated to the Blessed Virgin and under it is a private Cell or Cave which Travellers alledge to be the ancient residing Place of the Prophet Elias On the same Mountain are found a great many Stones that have the lively Impression of Fishes Bones upon ' em As also abundance of petrifi'd Fruit particularly Plumbs or Stones of that resemblance 6. Not far from the Brook Cedron stands a part of the Pillar of Absalom which he erected in his life-time out of an ardent desire to Eternize his Name and nigh to it is a great heap of small Stones which daily encreaseth because either Jew or Mahometan passing by seldom fails to throw one at the same and that out of abhorrency of the Son's Rebellion against the Father 7. In the Mountains of Judah is a remarkable Spring where Philip is said to have baptiz'd the Ethiopian Eunuch whereupon 't is call'd by the Name of The Ethiopian Fountain and hath a Church adjacent erected 't is probable out of Devotion in Honour of the Place and Memory of that Fact Yet by the by 't would seem that this were not the place of the Ethiopian's Baptism because those rocky and declining Mountains are hardly passable on Horse-back much less in a Chariot 8. Nigh to the asoresaid Fountain is a considerable Cave where 't is reported St. John the Baptist did live from the seventh Year of his Age till he appear'd in the Wilderness of Judaea as the promis'd Elias 9. At Bethlehem is the goodly Temple of the Nativity erected by St. Helena Mother of Constantine the Great who call'd it St. Mary's of Bethlehem 'T is now possess'd by the Franciscans of Jerusalem and is still intire having many Chappels and Altars but those little frequented except it be upon extraordinary Occasions 10. In the Mountains of Juda are the Remains of an Ancient Church built by St. Helena and dedicated to St. John the Baptist and that in the place where Zachary the Prophet was born And nigh to it where the Blessed Virgin did Visit her Cousin Elizabeth is a Grotto in which 't is said that the Body of Elizabeth lies interr'd 11. Upon the left hand in going out of the City of Jerusalem by the Gate of Joppa is Mount Sion on whose top are still to be seen the Ruins of the Tower of David which was once a Building of wonderful Strength and admirable Beauty 12. Upon Mount Calvary is the stately Temple of the Holy Sepulchre built by the aforesaid Virtuous St. Helena and hitherto visited by Multitudes of Christians who slock to it from all Parts of the World either out of Devotion or Curiosity It 's divided into a vast multitude of Appartments containing many Chappels and Altars which for the most part receive their Names from some remarkable Circumstance of our Saviour's Passion besides those peculiar to Christians of different Nations at Jerusalem particularly the Abyssines Armenians Georgians Cophtes Jacobites Maronites c and at the entry of one of those Chappels is the Sepulchre of Godfrey of Boulogn on one hand and that of his Brother Baldwin's on the other But Lastly In and about Jerusalem besides the Observables abovemention'd are these following Particulars viz a Mosque erected in
Gago Idem Guber Idem Zegzeg Idem Zanfara Idem Besides these is the Country of the Jalofes upon the Mouth of the Niger THIS Country unknown to the Ancients is term'd by the Italians Paese di Mori by the Spaniards Yierra de los Negros by the French Pays des Negres by the Germans Moren-land and by the English Negroeland or The Land of the Negroes so call'd either from the Colour of its Inhabitants or the River Niger The Air of this Country is very warm yet generally esteem'd so wholesome to breath in that sick Persons are reported to be brought thither from several of the Adjacent Countries and upon their stay in it for any considerable time are perfectly restor'd to their former Health The opposite Place of the Globe to Negroeland is part of the West American Ocean lying between 180 and 220 Degrees of Longitude with 10 and 23 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Country it lying in the 2d and 3d North Climate is very rich especially towards the River Niger which overflows a considerable part thereof as the Nile doth Egypt Here is great store of Corn and Cattle and variety of Herbs Here are many Woods and those well furnish'd with Elephants and other Beasts both Wild and Tame Here also are several Mountains and those richly lin'd with valuable Mines of Silver and Gold The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¼ the shortest in the Southmost is 11 Hours ¼ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Ostridge-Feathers Gums Amber Gold Red Wood Civer and Elephants Teeth c. In Juala a little Kingdom in the Country of the Jalofes is a small River call'd by the Franks Rio de la Grace opposite to whose Mouth is a considerable Bank of Sand out of which there issueth at low Water a gentle Stream of curious fresh Water most pleasant to the Taste 2 Nigh to Sanyeng a Village in the same Country is a Well of ten Fathom depth whose Water is naturally so very sweet that in taste it comes nothing short of ordinary Sugar 3. In the Province of Gago the Sandy Desert is of such a Nature that Humane Bodies laid in the same for many Persons parish in endeavouring to cross it don 't in the least corrupt but become hard like the Egyptian Mummies Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Negroes having their Denomination from the blackness of their Complexion are a People very ignorant in all Arts and Sciences In Behaviour extreamly rude and barbarous much given to Luxury addicted to beastly Pleasures and universally great Idolaters In the Maritime Places they Trade in Slaves with the Europeans selling to them not only what Captives they take in Wars with one another but also many times their nearest Relations even Wives and Children not excepted In this vast Country there are variety of Languages and very different from one another The principal of which are the Sungai and Guber that of Gualata and what they ordinarily use in Guangara In the Country of the Jalofes are those call'd by the Names of Bolm and Timna the first being a Language that 's extreamly rough in Pronunciation and hard to be learn'd but the other is generally reckon'd very sweet and easy This spacious Country is subject to many Kings who are absolute over their own Territories but all or most of 'em are Tributary to one Sovereign viz. the King of Tombute who is reckon'd the most powerful of 'em all Next to him are Mandingo Gago and Cano. The numerous Inhabitans of this vast Country are either Mahometans or gross Idolaters and some in the Midland Provinces live without any sign of Religion or Worship among them A faint Knowledge of the Mosaical Law was once introduc'd into some Parts of Negroe-land and the Marabouts of Cambea and Cassan give still a confus'd Account of the Historical Part of the Old Testament They acknowledge the Existence of One God and never Adore him under any Corporeal Representation They also own our Blessed Saviour as a mighty Prophet and Worker of Miracles They generally use Circumcision as other Mahometans do Christianity got once some footing in these Parts of the World but was wholly over-clouded by Mahometanism towards the middle of the Tenth Century SECT VI. Concerning Guinea  d. m. Situated between 03 00 of Long. its greatest Length from W. to E. is about 1320 Miles 30 00 between 04 10 of Latit Breadth from N. to S. is about 360 Miles 11 40 Guinea compreh The Coasts of Maleguette Chief Town Timan W. to E. Guinea prop Ivory Coast W. Tabo Quaqua Coast Assin Gold Coast E. S. George de Mina The Kingdom of Benin Arda THIS Country unknown to the Ancients and properly a part of Negroe-land is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Guinea by the French and Germans Guinea and by the English Guinea so call'd as most imagine from the Nature of the Soil and excessive Heat of the Country the Name signifying Hot and Dry. The Air of this Country is extreamly hot and very unwholesome especially to Strangers with whom it so disagreeth that many live but a short time after their arrival in it The opposite Place of the Globe to Guinea is that part of New Guinea and Adjacent Ocean between 186 and 210 Degrees of Longitude with 4 and 11 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil in many places is wonderfully fertil producing the choicest of Grains and Fruits This Country is well stor'd with Elephants whose Teeth bring great Gain to the Inhabitants when either sold or barter'd for other Goods of those Merchants who Trade with them Here also are several inexhaustible Mines of Gold and in many of its Rivers are found some Pearls of great value with abundance of Gold-Dust The longest Day in the Northmost Part is about 12 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 11 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Ivory Hides Wax Amber-Gris Guinea-Pepper Red-Wood Sugar Civet c. So impetuous is the Current of Rio da Volta that the Sea for about a Mile near the place where the River disgorgeth it self appears always of a whitish Colour and is said to have a sweetish Taste for almost ten Fathoms deep 2. In several Parts of Guinea grows a certain Tree commonly call'd Mignolo which having an Incision made in its Body doth yield an excellent Liquor of much request among the Natives proving to them more pleasant strong and nourishing than the choicest of Wines 3. In several Inland Provinces of Guinea and the Countries adjacent is sometimes seen that remarkable Creature term'd Savage by the Portugueses and by the Natives Qoja-Marrow but most usually found in Angola from whence one was lately brought to England and view'd by multitudes of People at London Such Creatures walk frequently upright as Men
Ethiopid Exterior THIS Country unknown to the Ancients together with Abyssinia abovemention'd is term'd by the Italians and Spaniards Ethiopia by the French Ethiopie by the Germans Ethiopien and by the English Ethiopia so call'd from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Uro and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vultus upon the account of its excessive Heat the greatest part thereof being in the Torrid Zone This Ethiopia is stil'd Exterior because of its Situation in respect of the other This vast Body comprehending several Kingdoms Empires and Sovereignties and those mightily extended from South to North can't reasonably be suppos'd to enjoy the same Nature of Air in all its Parts In Biafara and Congo 't is extreamly hot and would be intollerable to the Inhabitants were it not qualified in the first of these Kingdoms by daily Showers of Rain and in the other by violent Winds which frequently blow from the Western Ocean In Monomotapa and Monoemungi as also the Coasts of Cafres the Air is much more temperate in Zanguebar very unwholesome and in Ajan and Abex extreamly hot The opposite Place of the Globe to Ethiopia Exterior is part of 〈◊〉 Zu◠lying between 210 and 250 Degrees of Longitude with 10 Degrees South and 25 Degrees North Latitude The various Divisions of this great Body being situated in different Climates particularly the 1st 2d 3d Northern and the 1st 2d 3d Southern the Soil must of necessity be very different Biafara is said to be less fertil than Congo The Empires of Monomotapa and Monoemungi do produce abundance of Grain and are generally esteem'd very fit for Pasturage The other Divisions on the East and South-East of the Abyssines are for the most part very Barren in all sorts of Grain yet productive enough of some Sugar-Canes several kinds of Fruit and Spices as also furnish'd with some considerable Gold and Silver Mines and every where abounding with Elephants and Lyons So rich were those Mines found by the Portugueses in Zanguebar and several Parts of the Cafres that the Country about Sofala hath been lookt upon by some Modern Geographers as the much controverted Land of Ophir The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost 9 Hours ¾ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commoditities of this Country are Gold Silver Amber-Gris some Pearls and Musk Rice Mill Cattle Lemons Citrons Ivory and Oyl c. In the Kingdom of Angola is found the Quoja-Marrow that remarkable Creature of whom already in Guinea p. 311. 2 Most sorts of Creatures in Congo are to be seen also in Angola particularly a Serpent call'd Minià by the Inhabitants of Quoja and Embamma by the Angolois which is reported to be of such a prodigious bigness that he 's said to swallow a young Deer at one Morsel 3. In divers Lakes of Angola particularly those of Quihaite and Angolone are frequently seen some Water-Monsters term'd Ambisiangulo and Pesiengoni by the Natives but Europeans give them the Title of Syrenes because when taken they fetch heavy Sighs and cry with a dolorous Tone resembling very much the mournful yet charming Voice of a Woman 4 In the Island Levando is a remarkable Tree call'd by the Inhabitants Eusada and Arbor de Raiz i. e. Arbor Radicum by the Portugueze It derives this Name from the Nature of its Branches which spring forth on all sides from the Trunk where 't is generally three Fathoms in Diameter and many of 'em bowing so low as to touch the Ground take root and spring forth anew till by their weight they bow down again and take Root the second time and so on till they cover a thousand Paces in Circuit and able to lodge under its Branches three thousand armed Men who may find Defence not only from Heat but also Rain so thick and numerous are those Filaments and so well lin'd with Leaves 5 In several Parts upon and South of the River Coanza are considerable Mines of Rock-Salt For these and several other Remarkables of this Country Vid. Dapper of Africa Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The various Inhabitants of these many and vastly extended Countries are generally a Dull Savage and Swarthy kind of People among whom a great many remarkable Customs prevail To instance only in a few It 's reported of the Emperor of Monomotapa that when e're he Drinks in publick the whole Court doth jointly put up their Prayers in his behalf and that with a very loud Voice which being heard in the Neighbourhood all Persons there living are bound to do the same as likewise others hearing them and so on whereby the whole City or Country adjacent is always sensible when the Emperor takes his Glass In the Kingdom of Loango are many Canabals and in several places 't is as usual to sell Human Flesh publickly in Shambels as other Nations do commonly Beef and Mutton In the same Kingdom 't is establish'd by an Ancient Custom That when e're a Father deceaseth his Goods belong not to the Children but his own Brothers or Sisters who are bound to take care of such of the little Ones as they think are not able to care for themselves To add no more We read of another Custom yet more uncouth among a certain People inhabiting the Cafres which is That when e're a Father deceaseth the Children both Old and Young are oblig'd to lose the little Finger of their Left-hand and to bury it with him For deferring the performance of that painful Duty they 're commonly very tender of their Parents Health and take all care imaginable to prolong his Life which was probably the Original Cause of so strange a Practice But of all the Inhabitants of these various Countries there 's none more observable for their manner of living than a certain People near unto and upon the Cape and commonly call'd by the Name of Hottantots They 're so term'd from a frequent Repetition of that or such like word and may be reckon'd the most Nasty and Brutish of all reasonable Creatures having nothing save the Shape of Man that can lay claim to that noble Character Their Bodies are usually besmear'd with common Grease or some worse stinking Stuff which occasions a very loathsome smell Their ordinary Habit is a Sheep-Skin just as 't is pull'd off from the Carcase and they use as Ornaments the Guts cum puris Naturalibus wrapt about their Legs and Arms two or three Inches deep on which they frequently feed when scarce of fresh Provisions Notwithstanding of the unparallel'd nastiness of this People yet some Travellers talk of a certain Inland Canibal Nation term'd Cobonas who make frequent Incursions into their Neighbouring Countries and spare none they catch no not the Swinish Hottantots themselves who 't would seem should make but a very unsavory Repast There is a wonderful variety of Languages in those various and vastly extended Countries which go under the Name of Ethiopia Exterior The Inhabitants of Congo
call'd by the Portugucze at their first Discovery of it Anno 1429. because wholly over grown with Trees the word Madeira signifying a Wood. The Air of Maderas being very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Island is generally esteem'd very healthful to breath in That Place of the Globe opposite to Madera is part of the vast Occidental Ocean between 180 and 182 Degrees of Longitude with 32 and 33 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil of this Island is very fertil producing in great plenty most sorts of excellent Fruits and a kind of Wine that 's much esteem'd off being fit to keep for a long time both by Sea and Land The length of the Days and Nights in this Island is much the same as in Zaara on the main Continent they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Island are excellent Wine and most sorts of desirable Fruits as also Honey and Wax c. What mostly deserves the Epithet of Rare on this Island is that excellent Quality either of its Air or Soil or both which like our Neighbouring Island Ireland proves mortal to all Venomous Animals none such being found here or able to live if brought thither from abroad In the side of a Hill nigh Fonzal is a remarkable Fountain whose Waters do sometimes issue forth in such abundance that the adjacent Parts of the Island are then subject to a terrible Inundation Archbishopricks None One Bishoprick viz. that of Fonzal or Funchale which is Suffragan to Lisbon The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze are much the same in Manners with those on the Continent but more vitiously enclin'd if that can be well suppos'd being mighty Proficients in their common Crimes of Theft and Murther The Portugueze here residing do still retain their own Language This Island belonging to the Crown of Portugal is rul'd by a particular Deputy whose place of Residence is commonly at Tonza The Inhabitants of this Island being Portugueze as aforesaid are of the same Religion with that publickly profess'd in the Kingdom of Portugal Having thus considered in particular the most remarkable of the African Islands proceed we now in pursuance of our propos'd Method to take a General View of all the rest or those that are less remarkable Now such Islands to be very brief being strangely scatter'd up and down the Ethiopick and Atlantick Oceans do mightily differ in their Air and Soil according to the various Climates they lie in and in none of 'em is any remarkable place except only the Isle of Zocotora in which is a Town of the same Name As for the chief Observables relating to their Inhabitants particularly their Manners Language and Religion we may sufficiently learn the same only by naming those several States or Sovereigns on the Continent to whom these Islands belong they being generally peopl'd and possess'd by some of them Their present Possessors then in short are as followeth Less remarkable Islands being Zocotora is possess'd by the Arabians Comore the Natives St. Thomas the Portuguexe The Princes Island the Portugueze Annobon the Portugueze St. Helena the English Ascension Island not inhabited And so much for Africa and the African Islands Now followeth CHAP. IV. Of AMERICA Divided page 44. into North comprehending Mexico or N. Spain Capital City Mexico N. Mex or Granada S. Fee Florida Coca Terra Canadensis Boston Terra Arctica South comprehending Terra Firma S. Feede Bagota Peru Lima. Land of the Amazons Brasil S. Salvador Chyli S. Jago Paraguay Assumption Terra Magellanica Terra Antarctica To these add the American Islands Of all which in Order Therefore SECT I. Concerning Mexico or New Spain  d. m. Situated between 259 00 of Long. its greatest Length from S. E to N. W. is about 2520 Miles 297 00 between 08 50 of Latit Breadth from E. to W. is about 840 Miles 30 00 Divided into Audience of Guadalajara C. T. Idem N. W. to S. E. Audience of Mexico Idem Audience of Guatimala S. Jago de Guat Guadalajara comprehends the Provinces of Cinalod Chief Town S. Juan In the Midland from N. to S. New Biscay Barbara Zacaticas Zacatecas Guadalajara Idem Chiameltan St. Sebastian On the Sea Coast from N. to S. Xalisco Compostella Mexico comprehends the Provinces of Panuco Idem On Sinus Mexicanus from N. W. to S. E. Mexico Idem Mechoacan Idem Los Angelos Idem Antequera Idem Tabasco Port Royal Jucutan Merida Guatimala comprehends the Provinces of Soco Nusco Guevetland from N. W. to S. E. on the South Sea Guatimald S. Jago de Guat Nicaragua Leon Cost a Rica Carthago Veragua Conception Honduras New Valladolid From S. E. on N. W. upon Sinus Mexic Vera Pax Idem Chiapa Cividad real THIS Country discovered at first by John Grijalve but more exactly view'd and at last conquered by the Valiant Ferdinando Cortez Anno 15 18. is term'd by the Italians Spagna Novella by the Spaniards Nueva Espana by the French Nouvelle Espagne by the Germans Neu Spanien and by the English Mexico or New Spain call'd Mexico from the chief City thereof and New Spain to distinguish it from the Kingdom of Spain in Europe Notwithstanding this Country for the most part lieth within the Torrid Zone yet the Air is very temperate and generally reckon'd extraordinary wholsome to breath in being qualifi'd with refreshing Showers in the hottest Months and cool Breezes from the Sea all the Year The opposite Place of the Globe to New Spain is part of the East-India Ocean lying between 80 and 117 Degrees of Longitude with 8 and 30 Degrees of South Latitude This Country lying in the 3d and 4th North Climate is bless'd with a very fertil Soil producing many sorts of Grain as Wheat Barley Pulse and Maize several kinds of Fruits as Pomegranats Oranges Lemons Citrons Malicatons Cherries Pears Apples Figs Cocoa-Nuts and great plenty of Herbs Plants and Roots Here also are some rich Mines of Gold and Silver and vast and spacious Plains affording the best of Pasturage The longest Day in the Northmost Part of this Country is about 13 Hours ¾ the shortest in the Southmost 12½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Wooll Cotton Sugar Silk Cochencel Feathers Honey Balm Amber Salt Tallow Hides Tobacco Ginger and divers Medicinal Drugs About three Leagues from Guayaca is the Stump of a Hollow Tree call'd Tlaco-Chavoya which was of a prodigious bigness when intire being then reckon'd sixteen Fathoms in compass near the Root and somewhat higher twelve Before 't was Thunder struck which occasion'd the hollowness no fewer than a thousand Men 't is said could conveniently shelter themselves from Rain under its wide extended Boughs 2 In several Parts of this Country grows a certain Tree call'd Maguey which may be said to yield Water Oyl Wine Honey and Vinegar For the Body of the Tree being big and hollow
contains a good quantity of Liquor as limpid as the best Fountain-water and the Surface thereof is cover'd with a pure Oilysubstance This Liquor being a little boil'd tastes like a good palatable Wine if much boil'd 't is extreamly sweet and if long kept unboil'd no Vinegar is sowrer 3. In the Audience of Guatimala are several remarkable Vulcano's particularly that near Rea-Lejo which towrs up like a Sugar-loaf to a great height and always Smokes As also the burning Mountain of Leon West of the Lake Nicaragua which frequently evacuates Fire as well as Smoke 4. Nigh to Guatulco on the Western Coast is a great hollow Rock call'd by the Spaniards Buffadore which having a large Hole in its top make a hideous Noise at every Surge of the Sea and spouts up Water as a Whale to a prodigious height 5. In some Parts of this Country are several Springs of Water so impregnorated with certain Minerals that the Current issuing from them is of so darkish a Colour that it resembles a Stream of Ink. 6 Remarkable is the Lake of Mexico for several particulars As First It s having two sorts of Water viz. Fresh and Salt Secondly That the Fresh is usually Calm and aboundeth with Fishes whereas the Salt is for the most part Boisterous and breedeth none Thirdly In the middle of this Lake is a pleasant Rock out of which doth issue a considerable Stream of hot Water much esteem'd off for several Distempers Lastly Upon this Lake are several delightful Artificial Gardens well stockt with variety of Herbs and Flowers and moveable from one place to another being supported by large Floats of Timber Vid. J. Acosta his Natural and Moral History of the Indies Here is one Spanish Archshoprick viz. that of Mexico Spanish Bishopricks erected here are those of Merida Chiapa St. Jago de los Cavalleras Mechoaca Honduras Leon in Nicaragua Guaxaca Vera paz Antequera Guadalajara Pueblo de los Angelos The Natives of this Country are now esteem'd a People very Civil and Docile and extraordinary faithful to those they love Some of 'em are also wonderfully Ingenious especially in Painting and making most lively Pictures with various colour'd Feathers of certain little Birds call'd Cincons Others are said to Play incomparably well upon divers Musical Instruments In short the generality of this People is so civiliz'd that they live after the manner of the Spaniards save a few commonly residing in the Mountains who continue as Wild and Savage as ever The Spaniards here residing are much the same with those in Spain The prevailing Language in this Country is the Spanish it being not only in use among the Spaniards but also the Natives themselves who generally understand and speak the same The various Dialects of their Ancient Jargon do daily decrease and in a few Generations will be quite extinguish'd This large and pleasant Country was of old subject unto and rul'd by its own Sovereign Princes call'd Kings of Mexico and had continued according to probable Conjectures a mighty and flourishing Monarchy for many Ages before 't was invaded by the Spaniards But being fully conquer'd by them with only a handful of Men Anno 1521. under the Valiant Ferdinando Gortez it hath ever since remained subject to the Crown of Spain being govern'd by a Vice-Roy commonly residing at Mexico and to him is intrusted the oversight of all the Governors of the various Provinces belonging to his Catholick Majesty in North America Arms. None The Inhabitants of this Country are partly Christian partly Pagan and as 't were a mixture of the two The Spaniards are rigid Papists according to the strict Profession of Popery in their own Country Of the Natives many do still retain their heathenish Worship and indeed multitudes are converted to Christianity according to the Doctrine of the Church of Rome but by our latest Accounts they 're hardly persuaded as yet of the Truth of those Doctrines taught them SCET. II. Concerning New Mexico or Nova Granada This Country is of no certain Extent nor Division its chief Town is S. Fee or New Mexico upon the River North. THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards Anno 1540. is term'd by the Italians Granada Nouella by the Spaniards Nueva Granada by the French Nouelle Granada by the Germans Neu Granada and by the English New Mexico or Nova Granada It was call'd Mexico after the Empire of that Name describ'd in the foregoing Section and the Epithet Neuva or New was added by the Spaniards to distinguish it from the said Empire its Discovery being posterior to that of Mexico The Title of Nova Granada was also given it by the Spaniards and that from a Province of the same Name in their own Country The Air of this Country according to the Climate is abundantly temperate and generally esteem'd very wholesome to breath in but attended with the great Inconveniency of frequent Hurricanes besides Thunder and Lightning The opposite Place of the Globe to Nova Granada is that part of the Ethiopick Ocean lying between 70 and 90 Degrees of Longitude with 20 and 40 Degrees of South Latitude This Country is but badly known and the Soil of those Parts already discover'd very ordinary being generally a dry faudy barren Ground far inferior to most other Countries in America belonging to the Spaniards Its Bounds being undetermin'd especially in the Northmost Parts we can say nothing of the true Extent of its Days and Nights This Country being none of the best and but rarely frequented by Strangers its Commodities are very few Cattle being the chief or only thing they Trade in What things in Nova Granada do truly merit the Epithets of Rare and Curious we must refer to the better Discovery of after Ages our knowledge of this Country being as yet but very slender Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universitities None The Inhabitants of this Country except those call'd Panches in the Southmost Parts are said to be of a much less Savage Temper than most of the wild Americans They are much given to Hunting and several of 'em understand Agriculture tollerably well The Spaniards here residing do commonly use the Spanish Tongue As for the Natives of this Country they retain their own Jargon of which we can give no account The New Mexicans are still govern'd by certain Captains of their own call'd Caciques but the Spaniards here residing and those of the civilized Natives are rul'd by a particular Governor sent thither by the King of Spain whose place of Residence is ordinarily at Santa Fee upon the River Nort. The Natives of this Country are generally gross Idolaters and many of 'em have little or no Sign of Religion at all The Spaniards here residing are the same in Religion with those in Europe SECT III. Concerning Florida  d. m. Situated between 276 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from E. to W. is about 1000
their worldly Estate for that noble Undertaking which might probably be less subject to Abuses than erecting and endowing of Hospitals Alms-houses and such like that in process of time such a stock of Money might be settl'd in a sure Fund as yearly to afford a desirable Competency to a continued Set of Men who should be found sussiciently able and willing to labour in that most Christian Design §. 6. New York THIS Country discover'd Anno 1608. by Mr. Hudson is term'd by the Italians Yorke Nouella by the Spaniards Nuevo York by the French Nouvelle Yorke by the Germans New Yorke and by the English New York so call'd from the then Duke of York for it being sold by Mr. Hudson to the Dutch without leave from his Master the King of England and they keeping Possession thereof under the Name of New Netherland till the Year 1664. 't was then reduc'd to the English Crown whereupon King Charles the II. by special Writ made his Royal Brother the Duke of York Proprietor of it from whom as aforesaid it derives its Name The Air of this Country is commonly reputed to be much the same with that of New England The opposite Place of the Globe to New York is that part of the East-Indian Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 40 and 42 Degrees of South Latitude The Soil of this Country as also Long Island is by general Relation so rich that one Bushel of European Wheat doth ordinarily produce an hundred in many places It aboundeth likeways with most sorts of English Grain Herbs and Fruits and produceth excellent Tobacco as also Melons Pumpkins c. The length of the Days and Nights in this Country is the same as in the Kingdom of Naples they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities of this Country are Tobacco Bever Otter Ratoon Deer and Elk-Skins and other costly Furs for which the English and Dutch trade with the Natives In divers Parts of New York especially those nigh unto and upon the Banks of the River Connecticut grows a sort of Snake-Weed whose Root is much esteem'd off for the Biting of the Rattle-Snake Being pulveriz'd it hath an excellent Fragrant Smell and a good Aromatick Taste but seems different from the Serpentaria of the Shops Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country especially those of Long Island are by mortal Diseases and frequent Wars among themselves reduc'd to a small number Some of 'em are now serviceable to the English and the rest spend their time commonly in Hunting Fowling and Fishing especially the Men who remove from place to place and leave their Wives for Tilling the Ground and Planting the Corn. They 're much given of late to Drinking and frequently intoxicate themselves with strong European Liquors The Inhabitants of this Country being English and a few Dutch do use the Languages peculiar to their respective Countries The Natives speak a very unpleasant Dialect of the Indian Tongue The Natives of this Country are govern'd by their peculiar Sachems who are said to advise with their chief Councellors in Matters of Importance but still to pronounce the definitive Sentence themselves which their People commonly receive with great Applause The English here residing are subject unto and rul'd by their own Governor authorized and sent over by His Majesty the King of Great Britain The English here residing are much the same in Point of Religion with those here in England But the Natives are still in the dark and addicted to the blackest Idolative the generality of 'em being said to Worship the Devil under the Name of Monetto to whom they frequently address themselves with a kind of Magical Rites and their Priests call'd Pawaws do act as so many Conjurers §. 7. New Jersey THIS Country discover'd by the English under the Conduct of the two Cabots Anno 1497. and lately divided into East and West Jersey is term'd by the Italians Jerscia Nouella by the Spaniards Nuevo Jersey by the French Nouvelle Jersey by the Germans Neu Jerseii and by the English New Jersey so call'd from the Island Jersey in the British Channel but why so term'd is somewhat dubious The Air of this Country is esteem'd abundantly healthful to breath in and agreeable enough to English Constitutions as sufficiently appears from the long Experience of many Planters The opposite Place of the Globe to New Jersey is that part of the vast Indian Ocean lying between 120 and 130 Degrees of Longitude with 39 and 41 Degrees of Southern Latitude The Soil is not every where the same being in some Parts extraordinary good and in others very indifferent But 't is generally believ'd to prove much better after the felling of the Timber and clearing the Ground in which the Colony begins now to make a good Progress The length of the Days and Nights in this Country is the same as in the South of Italy they both lying under the same Parallels of Latitude The chief Commodities exported hence for England are Whale-Oyl Whale-Fins Bever Monkey Ratoon and Martin-Skins As also Beef Pork Corn Butter and Cheese to the adjacent Islands As the principal Observables of New Jersey we may reckon some rare Plants growing in divers Parts of that Country and easily found by the curious Botanist if only at the pains to make a search proportionable to his Curiosity Here also is that huge Creature call'd the Moose of whose Skin they make excellent Buff. Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country fewer in number than in most of the adjacent Colonies are generally reckon'd a very simple and innocent sort of People and many of 'em are now become very serviceable to the Planters The English here residing are much the same in Manners with those in England All that can be said of the Language of the Natives of this Country is in general that 't is one of the many different Dialects of the Indian Tongue Those of the Plantation retain and use their own Language This Country being divided into a certain number of Shares or Proprieties out of each Propriety is Annually chosen a Freeholder by the Inhabitants thereof These Freeholders meet at a certain time of the Year as a General Assembly or compleat Representative Body of the whole Colony In that Assembly together with the Governor or his Deputy is lodg'd the Legislative Power in making or repealing of Laws relating to the whole Province but still with this Restriction that they no ways infringe that Liberty of Conscience at first establisht and that by an irrevocable Fundamental Constitution never to be alter'd by any subsequent Law whatsoever No Tax or Subsidy Rates or Services are to be impos'd upon the People but by and with the Consent of their Representatives in that Assembly The English here residing are of different
considerable bigness and remarkable for its shining Property in the Dark appearing as a little Lanthorn at a distance whereupon the Natives when oblig'd to Travel a Nights do usually fasten a few of 'em to a Stick and by their Light can clearly see their way We may also add those extraordinary little Birds of this Country call'd Tomineios of whom in Brasile being of so small a Bulk that they surpass not common wild Bees in bigness And finally those prodigious great Birds nam'd Condores who are so large and strong that they 'll set upon and devour an ordinary Calf For all these and several other Remarkables of Peru Vid. J. Acosta his Natural and Moral History of the Indies Here is one Spanish Archbishoprick viz. that of Lima. Bishopricks are those of Cusco Truxillo Quinto Arequipa Guamanga Universities in this Country None The Natives of this Country are reported to be a People that 's for the most part very Simple and grosly Ignorant Those towards the Equator are generally esteem'd more Ingenious than the rest but withal much addicted to two most detestable Vices viz. Dissimulation and Sodomy The Spaniards here residing are much the same with those in Spain The Language of the Natives did formerly consist of several quite different Dialects or rather so many distinct Tongues they being unintelligible to one another but these are much diminish'd and daily grow fewer for the People in the lower Part of this Country being now almost intirely civiliz'd have left their Ancient Jargon and commonly use the Spanish Tongue This rich Country by most probable Conjectures was govern'd by its Incas or Hereditary Kings above three hundred Years before the Spaniards got any footing therein but being fully master'd by them Anno 1533. under the Conduct of Pizarro it hath been ever since accounted a considerable Part of the King of Spain's American Dominions and is govern'd by his Vice-Roy who ordinarily resideth at Lima. In several places the Natives especially those of the Mountains maintain as yet their Liberties and are rul'd by some particular Caciques The Peruvians except those converted to Christianity are gross Idolaters worshipping the Sun Moon Stars Lightning Thunder c. To each of such Deities were formerly erected in this Country very stately Temples whose Remains are still extant in many places besides one almost intire viz. that at Cusco This Temple was dedicated to the Sun but is now a part of the Monastry of St Dominick Its Walls were over-laid with Plates of Gold from top to bottom and in it was set up a glorious Representation of the Sun being a lively Figure of that Caelestial Body in pure Massy Gold Near to this Temple were four others one whereof was dedicated to the Moon whom they call'd Quilla reckoning her either Wife or Sister to the Sun Another to the Planet Venus which they term'd Chasca A third to Thunder and Lightning which went by the common Name of Yllapa And a fourth to Cuychu i. e. Iris or the Rainbow All of them were wonderfully errich'd with either Gold or Silver and besides these were many others through the various Provinces of this once mighty Empire but the most magnificent Temple of all Peru was that spendid piece of Indian Architecture in a certain Island of the Lake Titicaca in which the Incas are believ'd to have hid a great deal of Treasure when the Spaniards invaded their Country SCET. VIII Concerning the Land of the Amazons This vast Country is of no certain Extent nor Division neither hath it any remarkable Town THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards Anno 1541. is term'd by the Italians Paese di Amazona by the Spaniards Tierra de las Amazonas by the French Pais des Amazones by the Germans Y land van d' Amazones and by the English The Land of the Amazons so call'd from the many warlike Women resembling the Ancient Amazons who appear'd in Arms on the Banks of the River Amazone at the Europeans first entring into this Country The Air of this Country in places as yet discover'd is reported to be very Temperate considering the Latitude of the Country The opposite Place of the Globe to the Land of the Amazons is partly the Gulf of Bengal and partly the Peninsula of Malacca The Soil of this Country it lying in the 1st 2d and 3d South Climate where yet discover'd is very fertil producing great variety of Fruits and Grain Here also are abundance of Mines Sugar-Canes Cacoa and Tobacco The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 12-Hours and a little more the shortest in the Southmost is 11 Hours and the Nights proportionably The Commodities of this Country are reckon'd Gold Silver Sugar Cacoa Ebony Tobacco c. but this Part of the World being as yet very slenderly known and little frequented by Strangers these may be rather reckon'd the Product than Staple Commodities of this Country In the River Amazone is a dreadful Cataract a considerable way from the Sea for the Water being penn'd up between two steep Rocks under which is a hideous Precipice the Stream falleth down with great Violence and Noise Yet notwithstanding of this so terrible a Fall there be many of the Natives who 't is reported are so bold as to descend that Stream in their little Canoos In falling they are sure to turn topsy-turvy many times and are severely plung'd in the Deep when down yet such is their Care and Nimbleness that they quickly recover their Canoos and forthwith proceed on their Voyage J. Acosta Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None Upon the Banks of the River Amazone as is hinted at already were discover'd about fifty different Nations who seem'd generally to be a fierce and savage sort of People all both Men and Women appearing in Arms at the first approaching of the Spaniards and they still continue as fierce and savage as formerly and many of 'em are reported to be Anthropophagi or eaters of Human Flesh Our knowledge of this as yet ill discover'd Country is so slender and the Commerce between Europeans and this People so little that we can make no Observations on the Nature and Number of their Languages How this People is govern'd or if any Form of Government among them is not yet very certain A further Enquiry into the sume must be referr'd to the better Discovery of Future Ages That the Inhabitants of this Country are in general gross Idolaters is most that can be said of them as yet They are reported to make their Images of Wood and to set them up in the Corners of their Houses having no Temples and do firmly believe That those polish'd Pieces of Timber are really inhabited by some Divinities descended from Heaven being taught the same by their Priests SECT IX Concerning Brasil  d. m. Situated between 322 00 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. E. to S.
being civiliz'd prove very ingenious This vast Body comprehends several different Nations the chief of which are the Toupinambous the Margajas the Tapuyes c. who are ordinarily distinguish'd from one another by the wearing of their Hair They generally go quite naked and in many places of the main Land are multitudes of Canibals Their manner of reposing a Nights is in a kind of Net gathered at each end and ti'd to two Poles fixt fast in the ground This Net is made of the Rind of a certain Tree call'd Haemac and hence is deriv'd the vulgar appellation of Sea-Bedding commonly us'd in the English Fleet. The diversity of Languages among the Natives of those Places already discovered on the Sea-Coasts doth sufficiently evince that their number must be much greater in the Inland parts of this vastly extended Country The only thing observable of those Languages upon the Sea-Coasts is that the Natives can't pronounce the three Letters of L. F. R. and that their manner of pronunciation is much through their Throat The Portugueze here residing retain and use their own Language The Brasilians being divided as aforesaid into many different Nations several of them chuse certain Captains or Governors by whom they 're ruled others wander up and down and live without any Order or Government among them The Portugueze being Masters of the Sea-Coasts since the Year 1501. and having divided them into certain Praefectures over each of these is set a particular Governor which Governors are all accountable to the Vice-Roy of Portugal whose place of Residence is ordinarily at St. Salvadore The Natives of Brasil are reported to entertain but a faint notion of a Supream Being and a Future State and many are sunk ev'n beneath Idolatry it self having neither Idol nor Temple to be seen among them Others are said to believe the Soul's Immortality and to give some obscure hints of an Universal Deluge Many of those who live nigh unto and upon the Sea-Coasts are converted to Christianity and that by the commendable Industry of the Portugueze who are of the same Religion with that establish'd in Portugal SECT X. Concerning Chili  d. m. Situated between 302 00 of Long. its greatest Length from N. to S. is about 960 Miles 306 00 between 25 30 of Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 200 Miles 44 00 Chili comprehends the Provinces of Chili propria Ch. Town St. Jago No. to S. upon the Sea-Coast Chili Imperial Balvidia Chucuito Mandosa East of Chili propria Chili Imperial THIS Country discover'd by the Spaniards Anno 1554. is term'd Chili by the Italians Spaniards French Germans and English so call'd as most imagine from a large and spacious Valley of that Name The Air of this Country during the Summer is much of the same Quality as in Spain or rather more Temperate being frequently fann'd by Westerly Sea-Breezes But in the Winter the Cold is so excessively piercing that both Man and Beast do perish in great numbers The opposite Place of the Globe to Chili is the South part of Tartary between 122 and 126 Degrees of Longitude with 25 and 44 Degrees of North Latitude The mountainous Parts of this Country it lying in the 3d 4th 5th 6th South Climate are generally Dry and Barren but in the large Valleys towards the Sea the Soil is exceeding fertil producing great plenty of Maize Wheat and most sorts of other Grain as also variety of Herbs and Fruits and the Vines brought hither from Spain do prosper extraordinary well This Country affordeth likeways some rich Mines of Gold and Silver The longest Day in the Northmost Parts is about 13 Hours ½ the shortest in the Southmost is 7 Hours ½ and the Nights proportionably The chief Commodities of this Country are Gold Silver Maize Corn Honey Ostridges and several Metals In Chili is a very remarkable Bird call'd Cuntur corruptedly Condor by the Spaniards which is of a prodigious Size and extremley Ravenous He frequently sets upon a Sheep or Calf and comes down with such force that his Blow is always mortal and not only kills but is also able to eat up one of 'em intirely Two of 'em will dare to assault a Cow or Bull and usually masster them The Inhabitants of the Country are not free from such Attempts but Nature hath so order'd that this destructive Creature is very rare the whole Country affording only a very small number otherways not to be inhabited Vid. J. Acosta his Natural and Moral History of the Indies Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities None The Natives of this Country being of a white Complexion and tall of Stature are a very warlike and couragious sort of People especially the Arauques who are as yet unconquer'd by the Spaniards For Cloathing they use nothing else than the Skins of Wild Beasts The prevailing Language of this Country is the Spanish which is not only in use among the Spaniards themselves but also is currently spoken at least understood by the Plurality of the Natives Those of 'em who entertain little Commerce with the Spaniard retain still their own Jargon as in ancient Times The Natives where they maintain their Freedom as yet are rul'd by certain Captains of their own chusing But this Country being invaded and taken Possession of by the Spaniard above an hundred Years ago is mostly subject to the Crown of Spain and rul'd by a particular Governor residing at Conception in Subordination to the Vice-Roy of Peru. The Natives of this Country excepting those converted to Christianity are generally reckon'd the grossest Idolaters of all the Americans the chief Object of their Worship being the Devil whom they term Eponamon which signifies Strong or Powerful The Spaniards here residing are Roman Catholicks as in the Kingdom of Spain SECT XI Concerning Paraguay  d. m. Situated between 307 10 of Long. It s greatest Length from N. to S. is about 1560 Miles 337 40 between 12 00 of Latit Breadth from W. to E. is about 1500 Miles 37 00 Paraguay divided into several Provinces the best known of which are Guayra Chief Town Cividad Real E. to W. on the Br. of Rio de Plat. Paragaia propria Villa Rica Chaco Conception Tucoman St. Jago Assumption W. to E. on the Rio de la Plata B. of Rio de Pl. THIS Country discovered first by John Dias de Solis but more successfully Anno 1546 when the Spaniards took Possession thereof is term'd by the Germans Paraguaii by the Italians Spaniards French and English Paraguay so call'd from a River of the same Name It 's also call'd Rio de la Plata by the Spaniards because of the aboundance of Silver they found therein The Air of this Country is generally reported to be very temperate and abundantly healthful to breath in The opposite Place of the Globe to Paraguay is that part of the Kingdom of China and the Mogul's Empire between 127
improve those choice Opportunities now in our hands for the singular Glory of our Great God and of Jesus Christ our Blessed Redeemer And let our Planters duly consider That to extirpate Natives is rather a supplanting than planting a new Colony and that it 's far more honourable to overcome Paganism in one than to destroy a thousand Pagans Each Convert is a Conquest FINIS CORRIGENDA PAge 50. line 15. for Lancashire read Westmorland p. 70. l. 1. r. Escutcheon p. 74. l. 2. dele § 2. p. 77. l. 7. r. Dominions p. 111. l. 31. r. Religion p. 112. l. 7. r. Buc. p. 116. l. 36. r. Mount p. 120. l. 21. r. Salizburg p. 127. l. 13. r. Cujavia p. 143. l. 16. r. strip him p. 153. l. 37. r. Agrippina p. 176. l. 11. r. He proceedeth p. 192. l. 34. r. Kinross p. 206. l. 15 22. r. Villages p. 235. l. 32. r. very p. 265. l. 40. r. Tapestry p. 292. l. 7. r. Thirteen p. 330. l. 24. r. Archbishoprick Wheresoever the word its importing the Verb Est is found read it either at length it is or contractedly thus it 's or 't is as p. 3. l. 37. f. it s term'd r. it 's or 't is or it is term'd and so in other places To the BOOK-BINDER Place the Maps in Order following The Map of The World Page 1 Europe 59 Scandinavia or Sweden and Norway 61 Moscovia 73 France 79 Germany 95 Poland 125 Spain 133 Italy 145 Turky in Europe 165 Scotland 187 England 197 Ireland 211 Asia 237 Africa 293 America 333 BOOKS Printed for Thomas Cockerill in Amen Corner THE Works of Mr. Charnock In Two Volumes Folio Re-printing Geography Rectified Or a Description of the World in all its Kingdoms Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bays Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs and Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures compared with those of London Illustrated with Seventy eight Maps The whole Work performed to the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By Robert Morden Quarto Sermons preached on Several Occasions The Third Volume By John Conant D. D. Published by John Lord Bishop of Chichester A Funeral Sermon occasioned by the Death of the Lady Lane late Wife of the Right Worshipful Sir Thomas Lane Kt. and Alderman of the City of London who died November 29. 1698. And of John Lane late Father of the said Sir Thomas Lane who died the 8th of December following Published at the Request of the Relations By Nathanael Taylor Quarto Familiaria Colloquia Opera Christopheri Helvici D. c. Professoris Giessensis Olim Ex. Erasmo Roterodamo Ludovici Vive c. Scottano Hasso Selecta Editio Decima quarta ad pristiva Exemplaria Denuo Recognita English Exercises for School-Boys to Translate into Latin Comprizing all the Rules of Grammar and other necessary Observations ascending gradually from the meanest to higher Capacities By J. Garretson School-Master The Seventh Edition Twelves The School of Manners or Rules for Childrens Behaviour By the Author of the English Exercises The Second Edition A Practical Grammar or the easiest and shortest way to initiate Young Children in the Latin Tongue By the help whereof a Child of Seven Years old may learn more of the Grounds of that Language in three Months than is ordinarily learnt in a Years space by those of greater Age in common Grammar-Schools Published for the Use of such as love not to be tedious To which is added Tables of Mr. Walker's Particles By the Assistance whereof young Scholars may be the better enabled to peruse that most Excellent and Useful Treatise By J. Philamoth Master of a Free-School The Second Edition Memoirs of the Countess Dunois Author of the Lady's Travels into Spain Written by her self before her Retirement By way of Answer to Monsieur St. Evremont Containing withal a Modest Vindication of the Female Sex more frequently injured by Imprudence and Misconstruction than defect of Virtue Made English from the Original a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. a Prob. 3. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 7. a Prob. 23. a Prob. 24. a Prob. 25. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 31. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. c Prob. 29 31. a Prob 6. b Prob. 37. a Prob. 38. b Prob. 2. a Prob. 2. b Prob. 6. a Prob. 6. b Prob. 38. c Prob. 9. Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Artns. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities A. Bishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. 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Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks c. Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil 〈…〉 Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishoprick Manners Language Government Arms. Religion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks c. Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Riligion Name Air. Soil Commodities Rarities Archbishopricks Bishopricks Universities Manners Language Government Arms. Religion