A MODERN VIEW Of such PARTS of EUROPE That hath lately been and still are the places of great Transactions Viz. ITALY with all its Principalities FRANCE with all its Provinces and Bishopricks GERMANY with the Dukedome of Lorrain and all the Electorates and Lordships of the Empire SPAIN With all its Dominions c. Wherein is shewed the Present State of all those Countries with Curious Remarks of Antiquity Interwoven LONDON Printed and Sold by J. Bird at the Sun near the Kings-Bench in Westminster-Hall 1689. TO THE Candid Reader THis Treatise exposeth to your view the most eminent Things and Transactions of this World concerning Ecclesiastical States Monarchies Republicks the varieties of Sects and Religions the Origine of Arts and Sciences several unparallel'd Accidents variety of Recherches in Antiquity and Memoires containing the Combats Battels Sieges surprizal or taking of Towns and the most signaliz'd and memorable Actions that have happened in this Modern Age. If any curious Reader shall oppose the Digressions of this Tract I must desire him to consider that they are both useful and necessary and so far from exposing him to Fatigue and Trouble that they will prove a grand Satisfaction and Diversion I must confess I have in this Composition discovered several gross Errours in some Authors whom I have forborn to recite because I scorn to shame them but if any Criticks desire a more regugular Method than herein is chalked out which is a thing of more than ordinary difficulty in a Business of this nature and in so great variety of Matter I desire them to take into their consideration that this Natural way of Writing will be by all Persons of Ingenuity preferr'd before any Scholastick Dissertation or Disputation whatsoever I have no more to say but this You will herein find Variety the Comfort and Satisfaction of Mankind that Gravity which will please the Serious that Diversion which will gratifie the Curious that Variety which can displease none but such as are void and destitute both of Sense and Reason And therefore I shall detain you no longer from the perusal of this Treatise onely give me leave to acquaint you that there is herein contain'd nothing but what is grounded upon Truth and gathered from the most Authentick Writers and present State of this Modern Age. Yours Gidion Pontier A TABLE OF THE Contents of this Book Of ITALY THe Papacy pag. 1 The Etymology of the Name Cardinal his Institution and his Habits 10 The Continuation of the Actions of Pope Innocent the Eleventh 13 The Singularities and curious remarkable Actions of some Popes 15 Observations on the reducement of Jubiles under what Popes and in what times 22 The opening of the Jubile 25 The splendid Ceremonies and the Honour of Rome 29 St. Austin's three Desires ibid. The Dominion of the Pope 30 Places of Pleasure ibid. Ornaments of Rome 32 The chief Towns of Italy with their Epithets and Elogies 33 The chief Rivers of Italy 35 Popes by birth French-men and Passages of their Lives 36 The future Popes how conformable to the Prophecies 54 The chief Princes of Italy after the Popes are five First the Duke of Savoy 55 Secondly the Great Duke of Tuscany 62 Thirdly the Duke of Mantua 67 Fourthly the Duke of Modena 69 Fifthly the Bishop of Trent 71 The Figure of Italy and its length ibid. An Itinerary 72 Of FRANCE 75 THe Dolphin of France and his Marriage 79 The Duke of Orleans 81 The Prince of Condé and the Duke d'Enguien 83 Prince Henry de la Tour d'Auvergne Vicount de Turenne 84 The ancient Marshals of France living An. 1680. 86 The Ministers and Secretaries of State ibid. The Chancellor 87 M. de la Villiere 89 M. de Louvois 90 M. Colbert 91 M. Colbert Croissi 93 The Councils 94 France the Mountain of the Muses 97 King of France his places of Residence 98 The Louvre ibid. The Tuilleries 100 Fontainbleau ibid. Versailles 101 Paris 103 Colledge Mazarin its Institution Library and Academy 109 The House of President Perrot 112 Houses of Pleasure about Paris 116 Houses and Places of Devotion near Paris 118 The Treasury of St. Dennis 120 The Tombs of the Kings of France 124 Other famous places of Devotion and Pilgrimages greatly frequented in the Kingdom 125 The twelve ancient general Governments of the Provinces called together at Paris under Loüis the Thirteenth according to their rank and place in the States General 129 The Governours of the Provinces 130 Conquered Countries 133 The Fertility of France 134 The Channel of Languedoc 135 The chief Towns of France 138 The most considerable Maritime Towns ibid. The great Rivers 142 The Epithites of the great Rivers 144 The principal small Rivers 145 Pont du Gard 150 A Catalogue of the Archbish and Bishops of France containing the number and name of the first and last Bishop of each Diocess to An. 1680. 153 The Archbishoprick of Rheims ibid. The Archbishoprick of Narbonne 156 The Archbishoprick of Bourges 159 The Archbishoprick of Vienne 160 The Archbishoprick of Tolose 162 The Archbishoprick of Roüen 163 The Archbishoprick of Sens 164 The Bishops of Bethlem 165 The Archbishoprick of Lyons 167 The Archbishoprick of Bourdeaux 169 The Archbishoprick of Arles 170 The Archbishoprick of Ambrun 172 The Archbishoprick of Tours 174 The Archbishoprick of Aix 176 The Archbishoprick of Paris 177 The Archbishoprick of Albi 179 The Archbishoprick of Cambray 181 The Archbishoprick of Bezancon 183 The Rank and Seats of the Prelates 184 Agents General of the Clergie of France 185 The ordinary List of the Parliaments of France and the time of their erection 187 The Countries of State 193 Remarkable things of these times happening from the year 1672 to the beginning of 1680. 193 Of the Peace betwixt France Holland Spain the Emperour the Elector of Brandenburg and Denmark 203 The Marriage of the Princess Mary Loüise of Orleans with the King of Spain 205 A Continuation of Affairs to this time 206 Of LORAIN 208 THe chief Towns in Lorain 210 Those of the Dutchy of Bar ibid. Mausoleums of the Dukes of Lorain ibid. The Marriage of Prince Charles of Lorain 213 Of GERMANY 214 OF the City of Vienna 215 221 The chief Houses of Pleasure in the Country 215 The Coronation of the Emperour with the signification of the three Crowns 216 The Golden Bull 217 Prerogatives of the Emperour 219 Fourteen Emperours of the House of Austria ibid. The chief Towns of Germany 220 The Cities of Prague and Presburg 222 Of Aix-la-Chappelle and Ratisbonne 223 Of Erfort Munic and Strasburg 224 The Tower Clock Bridge and famous Trees of Strasburg 225 The Ceremonies of Electing the Bishop of Strasburg 226 The number and Residence of the Canons of Strasburg 227 The ancient Entrance of the Bishop of Strasburg and the number of Bishops it hath had 228 Of the Cities of Hamburg and Munster 229 The Cities of Magdeburg Nuremburg and Ausbourg 231 The Cities of Francsort Passau Visbourg Brunswick
excellent Baths particularly those of a place call'd Plombieres whose warm waters are of a great vertue it 's a work of the Romans The Salt-work of Dieuse furnishes Salt to Alsatia that of Rosieres to the three Bishopricks They make no farther use of Marsal and Salone because the others supply abundantly The Switzers take their Salt in Franche Comte The Mountains are fill'd with Mines of Brass Lead Silver Alabaster and particularly of Iron The Forests are full of Game We see there Glass-houses the Sieur de Rochefort says in his Book of Voyages T. 4. p. 374. That there is sometimes danger in seeing them alone when they are in a retired place in the Woods because the Workmen may throw a man into the Furnace to make their Glass as clear and beautiful as Crystal wherefore in regard he would not that they try'd it on him he contented himself with seeing that of Venice and went on his way The Lorainers will not grant this Article The Soyl is so dispos'd to bring forth Trees that if it were not till'd it would all run up to a Forest All Lorain is forty leagues in length and thirty in breadth An. 1220. one of its Dukes Matthew the Second caus'd an evil Justice to be flea'd by reason of the Thefts he had committed and his Skin to be put on the Judicial Seat for his Son to sit on to whom he gave the Office and the terrour of being us'd after the like manner This Prince followed the Example of Cambyses King of Persia with this difference that he caus'd the Judge Chunrad to be flea'd after his death but the other caus'd Sisames to be flea'd alive The House of Lorain has yielded many Saints The Marriage of Prince Charles of Lorain PRince Charles the Fifth is married with the Queen Dowager of Poland the Sister of the Emperour Leopold the Bishop Count Kalonitz gave them the Nuptial Benediction assisted with two other Bishops in the presence of their Imperial Majesties and of all the Court in the Church of Loretta of Neustad The Marriage was consummated the sixth of February 1678. The tenth of February the King of Spain honour'd Prince Charles the Fifth above-mention'd with the Coller of the Order of the Golden Fleece GERMANY LEopold the First of the name of the House of Austria Emperour of Germany was born the 9th of June 1640. was chosen King of Hungary An. 1655. King of Bohemia An. 1656. elected King of the Romans An. 1658. and crown'd Emperour at Francfort on the Main An. 1659. where the three Ecclesiastical Electors and the Elector Palatine repair'd the others sent thither their Embassadours as also the King of France the King of Spain and others The Emperours of Germany are Catholicks The Empire bears Or an Eagle displayed sable membred langued becked and adorn'd with a Diadem Gules It has for Device Vno avulso non desicit alter The Livery of the Emperours of the House of Austria is yellow The 14th of October 1676. the Emperour Leopold some time after the death of the Empress Margaret of Austria Daughter of Philip the Fourth King of Spain and Sister of the Queen of France declar'd for his future Spouse the Princess Mary Magdalen-Therese-Eleonor of Newburg The Marriage was consummated at Passau the 14th of December following The Bishop of that Town bless'd it assisted with two Prelates he of Aicstad was of the number Their Imperial Majesties made their solemn Entries at Vienna the 20th of January 1677. The Canons of the Arsenal were carried on the Ramparts and all the Citizens put themselves in Arms by the order of the Magistrate Count Montecuculi was declar'd Prince of Amalfo the 31th of March 1678. The 26th of July of the same year on the day of S. Anne the Empress was brought to bed of a Prince who is call'd the Archduke of Austria He was given at the Font of Baptism the names of Joseph James John Ignatius Antony and Eutache The Dutchess of Newburg presented to the Empress her Daugher a Bed and a Cradle of silver Vienna in Austria on the Danubins is the Capital City and the ordinary place of residence of the Emperour His Palace is August though it appears very ancient It has four Pavilions The chief Imperial Houses of Pleasure in the Country LVxembourg Favorites Neustad Kanisburg Ebersdorf and others The Church of the Capucins of Vienna is the ordinary bural place of the Emperors of the House of Austria in a Vault and many Obsequies are solemniz'd for three days in the Church of the little discalceated Augustins The Cathedral-Church is dedicated to S. Steven The Coronation of the Emperour with the signification of the three Crowns THe Emperour is crown'd ordinarily with three sorts of Crowns the first is of Iron the second of Silver the third of Gold. The Crown of Iron denotes the Strength which an Emperour ought to have that of Silver signifies the Pureness that of Gold the Charity The Emperours formerly went to Milan to receive the Crown of Silver and to Rome for that of Gold at present they go no longer the Pope confirms the Election and Coronation Since Charles the Fifth no Emperour has been crown'd by the hands of his Holiness At Aix la Chappelle is kept the Crown of Iron with one of Silver and at Nuremberg many Ornaments which are made use of at the Coronation of the Emperours There are to be seen there the Dalmatica of Charlemagne the Imperial Mantle the Globe the golden Scepter and the Sword the golden Bull also enjoyning him that is elected Emperour to receive at Aix la Chappelle the first Crown which is of Iron and if he receives it elsewhere the Imperial Ornaments are carried thither and a great Sword after the Persian fashion The Emperour after his Coronation receives the Oath from the Imperial Towns the Town of Strasburg refus'd it praying Count de Hanau who had Orders to receive it for Leopold to assure the Emperour that they would continue within the bounds of Duty and Acknowledgment towards his Imperial Majesty but that having not taken an Oath to any of his Predecessors for three hundred years they would not swear and could not innovate any thing You may see thereon Loüis du Mai Knight in his Book of the State of the Empire T. 1. p. 365. and T. 2. p. 203. The Emperour does not command absolutely out of his Hereditary Countries but governs by the way of Diets which are General Assemblies and as it were Estates General He is the Chief of the Empire and the Electors are the principal Members His hereditary Estates are those of Austria and Bohemia those of Hungary are Elective The Golden Bull. THe Constitutions of the Empire are contain'd in the Golden Bull which is a little Book its Original is writ on Parchment containing twenty four Leaves and thirty Chapters the twenty three first were publisht at Nuremberg 1356. the tenth of January and the other seven at Metz in the same year
but the Maritime Towns of Germany which had right of shutting and opening their Gates be it that they were subject to a Prince or that they were free some Kings have authoriz'd them Sixty six Towns are call'd Hans because they are associated and confederated with the four Capital Hans-Towns The Archives of the League are at Lubec which is the Capital of all the Hans League it has right of assembling all the others with the advice of five confederate Towns that are next it Lubec has for its confederate Towns Hambourg Rostoc Wismarc Strasbourg and Lunebourg Stetin Anclan Golnous Gripswal Colberg Ptargard and Stolp Cologne Brunswic and Dantzic include the others You may see thereon the great Atlas and particularly the Books on this subject of the four Capital Hans-Towns Archbishopricks of Germany THe Archbishopricks of Germany are Mayence Treves Cologne Magdeburg Saltzbourg Breme and Prague Chief Bishopricks VIsbourg Bamberg Strasbourg Spire Liege Munster Paderborn Minden Hildesheim Onasbruc Verden Halberstat Brelau the Cardinal Landgrave of Hesse occupies this last which is in Silesia The Abbey of Fulde is famous throughout all Europe for its Antiquity and for its great Riches it is certainly affirm'd to be worth a million of Livres of Rent It is in Buchow betwixt Hesse Franconia and Thuringia Cardinal de Bade has possess'd it a long time The three chief Abbeys of the low Countries are Saint Vaast of Arras Saint Berlin at St. Omer and St. Pierre of Mont Albin at Gand. Cardinal de Bouillon has the first Germany has few Archbishops and few Bishops in comparison of France some Authors have counted thirty nine others thirty six Principalities and Lordships of the Empire and its Division THis Empire contains above three hundred Principalities or Lordships It is divided into ten Circles Austria Bavaria Soüabia Alsatia or the upper Rhine the Electorate of the lower Rhine Westphalia upper Saxony lower Saxony Franconia and Burgundy compose the ten Circles Alsatia and Burgundy belong to France These Circles compose the General Diets of the Empire where all Affairs are transacted The first Body is that of the Electors The second the other Princes be they Lay or Ecclesiastick The third is that of the Free or Franc otherwise Imperial Towns. The most usual division of Germany is into Vpper and Lower in the Upper are put the Switzers Alsatia Soüabia the Dutchy of Witemberg Bavaria Franconia the Palatinate of the Rhine Bohemia Moravia Silesia Austria Stiria Carinthia Carniola and Tirol In the Lower the seventeen Provinces of the Low Countries Liege Lorain Cleves Juliers the three Electoral Archbishopricks Westphalia Hesse Saxony Thuringia Misnia Lusacia Silesia the Marquisate of Brandenburg Pomerania Mekelbourg Holsacia or the Country of Holstein The chief Rivers DAnubius the Rhine the Elbe the Oder and the Veser Danubius arises in Soüabia a great Map very exact of Samson Geographer in Ordinary to the King shews us its rise in the Principality and County of Furstemberg This River contains above sixty Rivers some say a hundred whereof there are about thirty capable of bearing Vessels It has this particular with the Po that it runs from West to East even to its mouth It is the greatest and longest of all Europe excepting the Volga according to a Geographer which flows in Muscovy Men give Danubius above seven hundred leagues in its course it waters above fifty great Towns without counting an infinite number of Castles and Burroughs passes through the Eastern Empire which the Great Turk possesses in Europe and that of the West which belongs to the Emperour of Germany After having flow'd a long while it discharges it self into the Euxine Sea which is call'd the Black Sea or Mar Magiore This River and the Rhine are not far the one from the other at Constance and Schashuysen The Rhine comes from the Alps of the Grisons it has two sources which make each a stream the one is near a Village call'd Fort-Rhen and the other is not far from Mount S. Gothard These two Sources after having flow'd separately some leagues some say ten unite themselves together This River passes at Croire and other places before it enters the Lake of Constance here losing it self for a while it issues forth again with violence and receives the River Aar which much enlarges it because it contains the Waters of great Lakes and Rivers in Switzerland The Nekar the Mosele the Main the Lippe and a great many others give a great addition to it An Author says that sixty two Rivers enter this It waters Bâle Brisac Philipsbourg Spire Wormes Mayence Cologne and other Towns. It parts it self into two Channels at Tholus where is the famous Fort Schenk The left Channel is call'd the Wahal and joyns it self with the Meuse near its mouth The Rhine disgorges it self in Holland into the Ocean its course is above two hundred and fifty leagues They say that the Rhine was plac'd as a bound betwixt France and Germany but Monarchs do not tye themselves to Rules of Geographers and their Sword does not always agree with the Compass The Elb begins in Bohemia in the Mountains near Schimidberg passes at Cogingretz Toschen Dresde Meissen or Mesen Torgan Witemberg Dessau or Dessan Magdeburg Hizaker Lavembourg Harbor Hambourg and at Glucstad Stade is near the Elbe Elster Cadburgz Moldave Sale joyn with this River The Oder takes its Origine in Moravia near Dolmutz which is the Capital of it flows at Ratibor Oppelen Breslau Crossen Francfort and at Stetin Ratibor Oppelen and Breslau are Towns of Silesia Crossen is the Capital of the Dutchy whose name it bears Varthe Noisse Boler and other Rivers joyn themselves to the Oder The Weser takes its Origine in Saxony of Naumbourg near the Dutchy of Saxony of Altenbourg passes at Hamelen Minden Breme and other places Leina Aler Ecker Inerst and other Rivers enter into the Weser Leina waters Hanover Aller Zel and Ferden Ecker Brunswic Inerst Hildeshein Some years since the Duke of Lunebourg took the Town of Brunswick in despite of all the Efforts of the Duke of this name The Electors of the Empire An. 1679. THere are counted many Soveraign Princes in Germany though feudatory to the Empire The chief are the Electors who have power of chusing by their Suffrages the Emperours of Germany The Archbishop and Elector of Mayence ANselm Francis Frederic of Inghelheim Archbishop of Mayence Prince and Elector of the Empire Great Chancellour of Germany Legate of course of the holy Apostolick See. Catholick He was elected the 7th of November 1679. being forty years of age Before his Election he was Archpriest of Mayence and Governour of Erfort A Wheel Or in a Field Gules and over it an Electoral Cap compose the Arms of this Elector The first Elector of this Church was call'd Villigise Son of a Cartwright for evidence of it he kept through Humility a Wheel in his Chamber to put him in mind of his Extraction wherefore his Successors have kept it in
place of Residency of this Court. There is a great Bridge and a little River under it call'd Manzanarez on the occasion of which an Embassadour said to the Emperour Charles the Fifth Less Bridge or more Water The Kings Palace is call'd Pallasso del Rey otherwise Palasso Real The eldest Sons of the King of Spain are called Princes of Austria as in France Dolphins in England Princes of Wales in Portugal Princes of Algarves and in Savoy Princes of Piedmont A relation whereof I could quote the Author tells us that a man must be clad in black to speak to his Catholick Majesty I know the contrary by Spaniards who have had the honour to speak to him in grey Clothes I may believe that a man must appear before him in black Clothes when he is in Mourning and be in a decent habit The Coach-men sit on one of the horses which go at the Draught-tree since the time that the Coach-man of Count Alvarez who sate before the Coach reveal'd a Secret of his Master which he had overheard The same thing is practis'd in Germany The chief Houses of Pleasure belonging to the King and out of Madrid are IL Campo il Retiro Aranjues le Pardo the Escurial and Jarzuela The Spaniards make of this last save one the eighth Wonder of the World. Philip the Second laid oâ—r twenty Millions in building it he caus'd the Escurial to be built both in memory of the Victory which he gain'd over the French An. 1557. at S. Quentin in Picardy on the Somme the tenth of August being S. Laurence's day and for having caus'd the Church of S. Laurence of S. Quentin to be beaten down whereupon he made a Promise to God to cause a finer to be built in Spain in the honour of the same Saint and a Monastery where the Monks of S. Hierome are magnificently seated The King has a Seat in the Refectuary and a great Palace without the Convent After the Library of the Vatican which is the first of the World that of these Monks has been greatly valued There is seen at il Campo a great Park for the divertisement of Hunting great Ponds and Gardens At il Retiro otherwise call'd Buen Retiro there is seen Philip the Fourth on a Horse of cast Copper The King passes there the greatest heats of the Summer by reason of its Waters and fine Grotto's of different kinds The fine Walks are there as green in the Summer as in the Spring-time There is a strange Figure there standing in the midst of a great Cistern casting forth water from all the parts of its body which is made use of for watering in a moment a Garden of the Palace full of all sorts of Flowers There is also seen there Gardens full of Fruit-trees At il Pardo are the Pictures of all the Kings of Spain The ancient Palace of one of the Kings of the Moors call'd Halambra is remarkable for being flankt with thirty Towers it is on one of the little Hills of the Town of Grenada The chief places of Devotion IN Madrid the Church of our Lady Almudena and that of Athoca are very famous Our Lady of Athoca call'd according to the Language of the Country Nostra Senora d'Athoca is at Madrid as the Church of our Lady at Paris for Piety and the concourse of People It 's there where the Te Deum is sung Saint James of Compostella in Galicia is a very famous place of Pilgrimage the French Pilgrims that go thither pass over the Trembling Bridge It is thought that this Bridge is so call'd by reason of the flowing of the Sea which coming to press against it makes it tremble It 's a roguish Bridge of wood a little River passes under it The Apostle S. James the Greater is the Patron of all Spain His Relicks are under the great Altar of the Metropolitan Church of Compostella his Figure representing half his body is over it his Pilgrims Staff is on the side of the Quire and his Head at Toulouse in the Church of S. Sernin It 's there where the Pilgrims begin their Pilgrimage S. James has been seen to fight for the Spaniards against the Sarasins holding in his hand a white Standart with a red Cross in it in the time of King Ramires who being assisted with his Apostle charg'd so briskly the Enemies that he cut in pieces 60000 on the place Charlemagne King of France was at Compostella to honour St. James and caus'd his Church to be built Since the Kings of Spain have been Catholicks they have always honour'd him I have read a Relation of divers Voyages in which the Author says that St. James suffered Martyrdom at Compostella It 's a roguish Memoire which has been given him I remit him to the Books of the Acts of the Apostles to the Ecclesiastical History and to the holy Martyrology and he will find that it was at Hierusalem that Herod caus'd him to be beheaded This Apostle having continued some time in Spain return'd to Judoea his Disciples after his death carried him from the Port of Joppe presently to Fa where they embarkt for Spain and after having sail'd all along the Mediterranean Sea and pass'd the Straight of Gibralter they took on the Ocean the course of Galicia where they landed and disembarkt the body of the Saint in the Town of Irisflavia where he continued hidden and unknown till it was miraculously discover'd by a Star which appear'd there This place has been call'd since Compostella that is to say Campus stelloe S. James the Lesser suffered also Martyrdom in Hierusalem whereof he was Bishop he was thrown headlong from the top of the Temple to the bottom and cudgell'd to death After S. James of Compostella Mount Sarra is another place of Piety and of Pilgrimage very much frequented It 's a Mountain in the middle of Catalonia on which there is an Abbey of the Order of S. Bennet and where thirteen Hermites have each their little Cell and little Garden The Angelical Chappel call'd otherwise our Lady of the Pillar is very famous at Saragossa Buterius says that S. James being in Prayer about this Town with his little Flock and being very uneasie that he could not convert in Spain above nine persons whereof there were eight Jews and one onely Spaniard the holy Virgin brought by Angels from Judaea into this Country appear'd to him near the River Eber on a Pillar of Marble some say of Jasper who comforting him foretold to him the Conversion of this People by the Ministry of his Disciples and that St. James rais'd her since this Chappel where this Pillar is seen and on it the Figure of the Virgin holding her Son in her arms This Church is esteem'd the most Ancient of Christendom amongst those that are dedicated to the holy Virgin. The Division of the Spanish Monarchy ITs Kingdoms or to say better its Provinces were formerly to the number of fourteen by counting thus Castille Leon Arragon Catalonia Valencia
Abbot de Bourzaix thought that the Devises of this great Monument raised in the honour of Loüis le Grand should have been Latine alleadging that the Latine Tongue is the Tongue of Religion the Tongue of the Altar and of the Holy Ghost and many other reasons The Sieur Charpentier of the French Academy taking another way maintains that they ought to be in our Tongue in his Book intituled Defense de la Langue Francoise pour l'inscription de l'arc de Triumphe The same Town of Paris is honoured with the first Parliament of the Kingdom it is the Court of the Peers where our Kings have their Throne of Justice It has also a very ancient University known throughout the Earth for being very Learned and for making others so Charlemain founded it An. 791. We take always the Rector of the Faculty of Arts according to his ancient standing The Faculty of Divinity is composed of two publick Schools of that of Sorbone and that of Navarre the Sieurs Martin Grandin Guillaume de l'Estocque Gui Boust Jacques de Perrier Edme Pirot and Michael Antoine Vincent teach in the Colledge of Sorbonne Master Martin Grandin has dictated Divinity for these forty years It may be said of him Scivit in mundo Scibile quicquid erat The Sieurs Pierre Guischard Jean de Saussoy Claude de Febure and Briand Marion are Professors in the Colledge Royal of Navarre These two Houses have furnisht at all times great Men. The Religious Men and the Monks have their particular Professors in their Houses which have also brought forth great persons The Seculars and Regulars are compared to two Beams which uphold the Edifice of the House of God. The Abbot Coquelin Doctor of the House and Society of Sorbone Canon of the Church of Paris formerly Curat of St. Mederic and Prior of Sorbone was made Chancellour of the University in the Month of May of the year 1679. We promise our selves great things from him by reason of his eminent Learning and rare Eloquence whereof he has given and daily gives manifest proofs in the first Chairs of Paris To raise the dignity of his Charge of Chancellour and the merit of his Person there is nought wanting to him but that he occupy for some time the Chair of the Louvre Besides his being a great Orator which is a particular Talent and a great Schoolman he is also a great Historian and skilful in the Oriental Tongues He has outdone all his other knowledges by the Voyages he has made after the example of another Dedalus Melampius Pythagoras Homer and others Peerless Paris is particularly embellisht with the Palace des Tuilleries the Louvre the Palace of Luxembourg the Palace Royal these two last have changed their names with the Hostel de Condé de Conti de Soissons with the Hostel de Guise with that of the Grand Prior of France in the Temple with that of Angouleme of Vandôme of Palace Mazarin and of the Houses adjacent with a good Arsenal and the Bastille the Hôtel de Ville the Palace where Justice is administred the Hôtel of St. Paul recommendable for its Antiquity and for having been the place of Residence of some of the first Kings of France with the Hôtels of Lorrain of Turenne of Sully of Mayenne of Lesdiguiere of Elboeuf of Matignon of the Houses of la Baziniere and of Guenegaud of that of the Master of Requests Amelot Biseul in the Marsh of the Temple and with an infinite number of others with two high and great Towers of the Church of Nostre-Dame the Steeple of the holy Chappel of the Palace that of St. Jacques de la Boucherie the Towers and Steeples of St. Genevieve of St. Germain des Pres and of St. Victor with many Coupula's with the Dome of the Church of Sorbone the Dome of Val de Grace the Dome of the Jesuits of St. Loüis the Dome of the Religious Women of the Assumption and with that of the Colledge of the Four Nations founded by Cardinal Julius Mazarin We must observe that during this last War they have not forborn to enlarge their streets Colledge Mazarin its Institution Library and Academy THis Colledge was Instituted for the maintenance of Sixty Scholars Sons of Gentlemen who are there to be Lodged Dieted and Taught gratis whereof fifteen according as it is exprest in the Foundation must be of Pignerol and of the Territories and Valleys adjacent and of the Ecclesiastical State fifteen of the Country of Alsatia and other contiguous Countries of Germany twenty of the Country of Flanders Artois Hainault and Luxembourg and ten of the Country of Roussillon Conflant and Sardaigne In default of Gentlemen the Children of the chief Bourgers of the said Towns and Countries are to be received Fifteen persons must be drawn from the Colledge for the Academy without any distinction of the Countries mentioned The Colledge must be governed by the Doctors of the House of Sorbone amongst which there are to be four Inspectors one Grand-Master Twelve of the Ancientest Doctors who are to be under the Inspectors and grand Master All Classes are to be gone through there except that of Divinity the Scholars of each are to be Governed by the Principals and Sub-principals establisht for their Nation There will be in the Academy a Gentleman a Dancing-Master a Fencing-Master a Vaulting-Master a Master of the Mathematicks and necessary servants The Abbey of St. Michel in l'Herm seated in Poitou is assigned for the maintenance of the Colledge and Academy with many great Houses for the reception of Coaches lying in the street Mazarin and others The Library was judged very curious by the Kings of England and Denmark these two Princes saw it in the Palace Mazarin whence it was transported into the Colledge His Majesty of Denmark caused his to be built after the model of that it is long wide and very high and admits a great deal of light and has the prospect of the Louvre and the Seine it will be open twice a week to all persons of Learning on such days as shall be thought fit as that of the Abbey of St. Victor which is publick on Mundays Wednesdays and Saturdays and which is famous The Library Mazarin contains 30000 Volumes there are in it the chief Books of the Protestants Cardinal Mazarin made this pious and grand Foundation for many reasons amongst others for rendring the Inhabitants of the Conquered Countries before-mentioned as well French in their Heart as by Nation Divine Providence having prescribed limits to the life of all men the Founder of this Colledge dyed at Vincennes the ninth of March 1661 in the fifty one year of his age His Heart reposes in the Church of the Theatins his Body will be transferred from the Church of Vincennes into the Church of the said Colledge when Mass comes to be celebrated in it and it will be placed in a magnificent Mausoloeum there to wait the general Resurrection In the Month of May of
the three Kings or Magi who adored the Son of God in the Manger and it is believ'd that they are there entire The Church of St. Vrsula is famous by reason of the eleven thousand Virgins cast by a Tempest on the coasts of Germany There are seen an infinite number of bones all round the walls of the Quire in high Cupboards and many Tombs in the body of the Church and on an Altar many heads of silver where is that of St. Vrsula The Colledge of Sorbonne a Member of the faculty of Divinity of Paris has for Patronesses this holy Daughter of a King and her Companions Cardinal Baronius says in his Annotations on the Roman Martyrologie that the true History of these Virgins is lost thence it comes that we find many uncertain things of it Mr. Joli Canon of the Church of Paris has said remarkable things of it in his Book entituled A Voyage made to Munster in Westphalia and many other neighbouring places An. 1646 and 1647. Printed by Francis Clauzier Father Boussingault in his Guide of the Low Countries p. 101. and 219. says that the Church St. Mary of the Capitol has two Bodies and two Quires in the one of which the Canons say their Office and in the other the Canonesses where the one being on one side and the others on the other they sing the Praises of God. There is a like thing practis'd at Nivelle in Brabant the Canons come on certain days of the year into the Church of the Canonesses to sing with them The Abbess as Lady spiritual and temporal of the Town of Nivelle it being of her Jurisdiction presides in the Chapter the Canons and Canonesses joyntly confer the Benefices which are vacant by the death or by the marryage of the Canonesses The Ladies wear in the Church a Rochet with a black Mantle over it which trains on the ground a starcht Linnen-cloath on their arm instead of the Aumusse or the furr'd Ornament worn by Canons and a Couvre-chef on their head St. Bruno Founder of the Charthusians was born at Cologne and Mary de Medicis dyed there the third of July 1643. In the same year dyed Loüis the Thirteenth and Cardinal Richelieu Cologne has had eighty Bishops and Archbishops from Matternus to Maximilian Henry of Bavaria seventeen Bishops preceded there the Metropolitans St. Agilulfe was its first Archbishop Pope Zachary declar'd this Church Metropolitan An. 744. The Suffragans are Munster Minden and Osnaburg An Observation on the three Ecclesiastical Electors YOu must observe that the three Ecclesiastical Electors have no Passive Voice in the Assemblies of Election that is to say they cannot nominate themselves Emperours they may nominate and give their Suffrages for others but not for themselves it having not been judg'd proper that one and the same head should wear the Miter and the Imperial Crown and one and the same hand carry the Cross and the Sword and to the end that since they cannot arrive at the Crown they may keep the other Electors within the bounds of their devoir Another Observation on the Lay Electors THe Secular Electors may nominate themselves Sigismond of Luxembourg King of Bohemia nominated himself after the death of Robert of Bavaria and the other Electors acknowledging his merit gave him unanimously their Voices and Suffrages The Ecclesiastical Electors are elected by their Chapters who may exercise the Archiepiscopal Functions during the vacancy of the See but not the Electoral The Electoral Habit. THe Electoral Habit comes near that of the Presidents of Soveraign Courts That of the Ecclesiastical Electors is of Scarlet Cloath and that of the Lay Electors is of Crimson Velvet They are all lin'd with Hermines as likewise their Cap. There are some of them to be seen drawn at large with their ceremonial Habits in one of the fairest and richest Galleries of Duke Mazarin formerly belonging to the Cardinal of this name The King of Bohemia instead of the Electoral Cap wears a Royal Crown on his head You must observe that An. 1673. the Town of Cologne was chosen to treat there of a Peace betwixt the Kings of France and of Great Britain and the Hollanders and the Assembly was held at the Convent of the Carmelites a place very convenient His most Christian Majesty sent thither for his Plenipotentiaries the Duke of Chaulne and the Sieurs Courtin and de Barillon who arriv'd there the first the King shewing that he would not retard the work of Peace where so many Princes concern'd themselves though loaded with Victories They were followed by three Embassadours of Sweden who had a deference of Honour from all the rest they being then in quality of Mediators Two Plenipotentiaries came afterward from England and they expected for third the Earl of Sunderland chief of the Embassie During his absence Sir Joseph Williamson perform'd for him Those of Holland came to the number of four and afterward the Plenipotentiaries of Spain who had no other quality but of Envoys The Elector of Cologne had one Embassadour Prince William of Fustemberg the Elector of Brandenburg sent thither the Baron of Zminzin who had a Colleague The Emperour deputed the Baron d'Isola and others and the Bishop of Munster sent two there He was one of the Parties concern'd This Illustrious Assembly had no success because the seizing and carrying away by force the person of Prince William of Furstemberg by the Imperialists though vested with the character of Plenipotentiary in a place which ought to be a Sanctuary oblig'd his most Christian Majesty considering the Laws of Nations violated to recal his Nimegen was since made choice on for renewing the Conferences of the general Peace The Duke de Vitry the Sieur Colbert Marquess of Croissi and the Sieur de Mesmes Count of Avaux were appointed Plenipotentiaries of France Anno 1675. Marshal d' Estrade succeeded the Duke de Vitry. The 11th of August 1677. the Bishop and Prince of Gurc chief of the Embassie of Germany for the Conferences of the Peace arrived at Nimegen accompanied with Count Kinski and with Sieur Straman his Colleagues who went before him All the other Plenipotentiaries repair'd thither The Estates of the Vnited Provinces of the Low Countries appointed for their Plenipotentiaries the Sieur Hieromy Beverning Lord of Teylingen Curator of the University of Leiden the Sieur William of Nassau Lord of Odik Cortegene c. and the Sieur William Haren Grietman du Bildt The Treaties of Peace and of Commerce Navigation and Maritime affairs betwixt France and the States General of the Vnited Provinces of the Low Countries were concluded at Nimegen the 10th of August 1678. In the same year the Treaty of Peace betwixt France and Spain was sign'd and the year following 1679. that of France and of the Emperour whereof we have spoken elsewhere The Elector and King of Bohemia THe King of Bohemia one of the seven Electors formerly the Emperours great Cup-bearer is at present the Emperour himself Cath. His Arms
are a Lion Argent arm'd and crown'd Or with a double tail noüed and pass'd in Saltier in a Field Gules Prague is the capital City its Dukes the Kings and Emperours have kept there a long time their Court it is divided into three the Small the Ancient and the New Praga ad Moldaviam fluvium the Molde waters it Its Inhabitants were govern'd by Dukes till Vratislaus was created the first King who was followed by many others till the Royal Line being extinct the House of Austria put themselves in possession of this Kingdom which has been made hereditary in the House of Austria by the Treaty of Peace of Munster The Ancients called Bohemia Bojemia or Bojohemia that is to say in the German Tongue the House or Residency of the Boyes a People of the Gauls who retir'd thither Some have said that this Elector was the last before that he was King. His Chair at the Elections is of Sattin purfled with Gold and that of his Colleagues of Crimson Velvet onely Some would seem to say that he has onely a casting Voice and Suffrage when the other Electors do not accord for the Election of the Emperour but it is certain that he is effectively an Elector as the others and that his Royal quality gives him the first Seat amongst the Lay Electors Bohemia with the Provinces of Moravia and Silesia may be worth yearly twelve or thirteen Millions to its Prince The Emperour Frederic surnamed Barberossa made it a Kingdom it is he who said to Pope Alexander the Third Non tibi sed Petro. The Bohemians in the Ceremonies of the Mass sing the Epistle and Gospel in their Tongue and communicate under both kinds it has been permitted them as a thing which does not alter the essence of Faith. The Town of Egra otherwise Eger belongs to this Crown the Gazettes often mention it There are pretious Stones found in the Mountains of Pinch whence is come the Proverb that men throw sometimes a Stone at a Cow which is worth more than the Cow. The Inhabitants of Bohemia are call'd Bohemians with an Aspiration and the vagabond Egyptian Fortunetellers Boemians they appear'd in Europe An. 1417. They came from Hungary and Valachia Frontiers of Turky The Clocks of Bohemia are after the Italian fashion they tell the hours there from one Sun-setting to the next twenty four hours consecutively Olmus is the capital Town of Moravia and Breslau of Silesia The Emperour Leopold declar'd Count Staremberg Chancellor of the Empire and Counsellor of his Privy-Council the 24th of January 1678. The Elector of Bavaria MAximilian Marie Count Palatine of the Rhine Duke of Bavaria Prince and Elector of the Empire Great Steward of the Imperial House came into the World An. 1662. is Cath. His Arms are three Shields together the first Sable a Lyon crowned Or which belongs to the Palatinate the second is fusile in bend of 21 pieces Argent and Azure which belongs to Bavaria the third Gules an Imperial Globe Or which belongs to the Electorate Saltzburg has formerly been the Capital of this Country at present it 's Munic a very strong place some call it in Latin Monachum others Monachium The Germans Munchen on the River Iser This Elector resides at Munic his Palace is one of the stateliest of Germany The great Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden having taken the Town and the Dukes Palace which he did not demolish by reason of its beauty possess'd himself of the Dukes fine Library where were rare Manuscripts which he carried into Sweden Queen Christian his Daughter gave liberally of them to some learned persons amongst others to the Sieur Vossius Canon of Windsor in England to the Sieur des Cartes and others The Castle of Schelesheim two leagues from Munic is a Country-house of Pleasure where his Electoral Highness goes ordinarily to take the diversion of Hunting His Buccentaurus passes amongst the curious for a Wonder of this Age. It is on the Lake of Staremberg which is a league over and six leagues in length It is held to be as beautiful and as large as that of Venice whereof I speak in its place This Elector raises eighteen or twenty thousand men and sometimes more his Revenue is considerable His Dukedom which is in upper Germany is divided into upper and lower Bavaria Munic Ingolstat and Freisingen are in the upper Freisingen has the title of Bishoprick and Ingolstat of University Ratisbone in the German Tongue Regensburg Passau Landshut Straubingen and many others are of the lower Bavaria The great Church of Munic is the Burial-place of us Dukes The Electorate the upper Palatinate and the County of Chamb were granted to the House of Bavaria and its Successors as long as the Male-line should hold according to the tenth Article of the Treaty of Munster In the last War between France and Germany the Elector Ferdinand Marie stood Neuter He dyed suddenly at Schelesheim at forty three years of Age. Pope Innocent the Eleventh celebrated Mass for the Soul of this deceased person and the Emperour caus'd the Funeral-Obsequies to be solemniz'd at Vienna in the Church of the discalceated Augustins The Empire has been divers times in the House of Bavaria Its Princes have married eight Daughters of Emperours and eleven Daughters of Kings and among the Daughters of this House six have married Emperours three have been married to Kings and two to Dolphins of France Three Electors are of the same Family that of the Palatinate of the Rhine that of Bavaria and that of Cologne which has been for about an Age in this House The Elector of Saxony JOhn Georges the Third of the name Duke of Saxony Landtgrave of Thuringia Marquess of Misnia Great Marshal or Great Gentleman of the Horse of the Empire Prince and Elector Luth. Quarterly 1. upper Saxony 2. Thuringia 3. Misnia 4. lower Saxony Over all the Electorate which is barrely Or and Sable upon that a Crown Verte placed Bendways Dresde on the River Elbe is at present the ordinary place of Residence of this Elector His Revenue both ordinary and extraordinary may amount to about eight millions of Livres Magdebourg is the greatest Town of all the Country The Elector of Brandenburg possesses it by vertue of the Treaty of Munster according to which the Empire has consented that he hold in Soveraignty the Archbishoprick of Magdebourg and the two Bishopricks of Albestad and Minden to indemnifie him for Pomerania Vlterior possess'd by the Swedes Besides that his Electoral Highness of Brandenburg keeps a great Garison at Magdebourg he spares nothing in fortifying it The present Archbishop who is Lutheran is also Bishop of All. He enjoys a great Revenue This Prelate or Governour is of the House of Saxony He is married and has Children well grown in years Amongst his Titles he takes that of Primate of Germany the Electoral Archbishops contest this Primacy with him The House of Saxony is esteem'd one of the most antient of Europe Wittemberg was
Andalusia Grenada Murcia Galicia Portugal Algarve the Asturies Biscay Navarre Catalonia is a County and not a Kingdom when the King of Spain makes his first Entrance into Barcelona which is the capital City he enters there in quality of Earl wherefore when he is before the Gate which he finds shut after having knockt they ask from within the Town the name of him that will enter his Catholick Majesty answers twice The King of Spain and they do not open the Gates to him till he says it 's the Earl of Barcelona King of Spain who will come in At these words the Gates are incontinently open'd and they give his Majesty a Reception becoming him Portugal and Algarve have their King. Biscay is a Lordship Navarre belongs to France a part of Biscay is possess'd by the French and the other by the Spaniards Spain may have two hundred and sixty French leagues in length and two hundred in breadth without comprizing what it has in Italy in Flanders and in America and along the coasts of Barbary on the Mediterranean Sea. The chief Towns are MAdrid Toledo Sevil Grenada Sarragossa Valencia Compostella Salamanca Barcelona Cadiz Madrid is increast since that the Kings of Spain have kept there their Court it has no Suburbs It has been said that this Town was wall'd round with Fire by reason of its ancient Walls built in many places with great Stones that strike fire It s Fountain is very famous after that of Palermo in Sicily and of Navona at Rome which are esteem'd the finest of Europe The Fountain Arethusa is celebrated in History it has been the ground of many Roman Fables Toledo is adorn'd with two fair Palaces with that which Charles the Fifth caus'd to be built there and with that of the Archbishop The Metropolitan Church has a Clock resembling that of Strasburg in Alsatia in its height and Architecture the Doors of this Church are of cast Copper the Streets of the Town are very narrow the Moors built the Walls Sevil is the Capital of Andalusia the Spaniards say thus Que no ha vista Sevilla no ha vista la Maravilla He that has not seen Sevil has not seen a Wonder The Duke of Medina Coeli has a fine Palace there It is held that this Town call'd Hispal or Hispalis gave the name of Spain to all the Kingdom Grenada is larger in compass than any Town of Spain the Moors built it The Streets are narrow and the Houses rang'd after such a manner that they resemble the kernel of a Pomegranat The Kingdom has a great number of Mountains Sarragossa is the Capital of the Kingdom of Arragon it has an Archbishoprick Parliament Inquisition and University Valencia call'd the Beautiful and the Great is the Capital of the Kingdom whose name it bears it is honoured with an Archbishoprick Parliament and University Compostella Capital of Galicia is famous for the Relicks of the Apostle St. James the Greater Brother of St. John the Evangelist The Spaniards call Compostella San Jago di Compostella Salamanca is recommendable for its largeness and University which is the most famous of all Spain It has a great House adorn'd with a Court where are the Schools and the Halls where the Acts are made and where Persons are admitted to Degrees Metaphysick is there in its Throne The Preachers there are very full of Gestures to express naturally their Thoughts and Motions they make use of all the parts of their Body of the Head Hands Feet and Eyes Though they said nothing a man might guess very near what they would say Francis Relux a Dominican Doctor of the Faculty of Divinity of Salamanca formerly Confessor of Charles the Second King of Spain and at present Bishop of Placenza has for Successor in his place of Confessor Father Bayono Professor of the University of Alcala Cordona capital City of the Dukedom whereof it bears the name has a Mountain of Salt. Barcelona call'd by the Spaniards Barcino is an important place the French possess'd it under the Reign of Loüis the Thirteenth The Palace of the Duke of Cardona there is August there are seen there some Figures of the Earls of Barcelona This Town which is at present double has a Bishop a Parliament an University Inquisition and a Port where many Ships have often been cast away in the Road. Cadiz is famous by reason of the advantageous scituation of its Port it 's there where the Gallies arrive that come from Peru laden with Gold and Silver This Town is very strong and well peopled in those late Wars its Bishop coming from Italy was stopt at Montpellier and sent afterward from Tholose into his Diocess in exchange for some Prisoner Rivers of ancient Spain TAgus the Ober the Guadian Guadalguivir the Douro and the Minhio the Guadalaiar the Seger the Liuga and others The Tagus famous for its Golden Sand passes at Toledo Villa Franchia and at Lisbon The Iber Iberus at Sarragossa and Tortoza this River gives the name of Iberia to all Spain The Latins call the Guadian Anas and the Guadalaiar Bertis the Douro Durius the Seger Sicoris The Spaniards boast of having a Bridge on which above ten thousand horn'd Beasts may feed together This proceeds from the River Anas which hiding it self for six leagues passes under a great Meadow-ground According to a Map made in Spain which the Sieurs Samsons Geographers in Ordinary to the King have shewn me and which they find good this River loses it self and rises again It is metaphorically call'd Anas because of its entrance and coming forth of the Earth as a Duck does in water Its waters supply Baiados and other places Some Rivers in France lose themselves in like manner and appear again as the River Sumene at the foot of the Sevenes the Rize near Masdazille in the Country of Foix the Vouzeille in Poictou four leagues from Poictiers on the West-side the Bandiat near Angouleme the Rile in Normandy near Beaumont le Roy the River Drome near Bayeux the Venelle which passes at Selongay in Burgundy seven or eight leagues from Dijon on the North-side The Guadalguivir waters Corduba and Sevil The Douro Valladolid and Zamora The Seger descends from the Pyrrheneans into Catalonia passes at Vrgel and Lerida Cesar and Lucan speak of the River Cinga which is by the Pyrrheneans and which has retain'd its name even to this day The Archbishopricks TOledo Sevil Sarragossa Burgos Grenada Valencia Compostella and Taragonia Cardinal Porto Carero is Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain He succeeds Dom Pascal Cardinal of Aragon Archbishop of Toledo who died at Madrid the 28th of September 1677. After having given all he had to the Poor he gave his Nephew onely a Picture of Devotion Cardinal de Porto Carero gave An. 1679. to Dom Francisco Canon of the Church of Toledo the Archdeaconship of Toledo which is worth forty thousand Duckets of Rent Toledo has eight Suffragans Sevil three Sarragossa six Burgos three Grenada two