And therof Nemesis the Goddesse of takyng veÌ„geauÌ„ce on such as are proude disdeigneâ—ul in tyme of their ê“sperite is called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because that no such ê‘sone may escape hir handes Neuerthelesse vnder the correccion of Erasmus I take that Cicero alluded to Adrastus kyng of the Argiues who had twoo doughters the one called Deiphile and the other called Argia Deiphile was marryed to Tydeus the soonne of Oeneê° kyng of Aetolia or Calydonia which Tydeus beeyng a right valiauÌ„â—e and an hardie manne wheÌ„ he had vnawares slain his brother Menalippus at an huntyng fledde from his countree came to Adrastus there marryed the saied Deiphile and there liued a banyshed manne and neuer wâ—nt again into his owne countree as shall appere The other doughter Argia was marryed vnto Polynices the soonne of Oedipus kyng of Thebes and of Iocasta queene of thesame of whom and of his brother Eteocles who would not accordyng to his promisse suffre Polynices to reigne in Thebeâ— by course wheÌ„ his first yere was expired it is vpon the .l. apophthegme of Diogenes in â—he first booke largely noted and sufficientely for the perfecte declaracioÌ„ of this place and purpose that Polynices liued and dyed a banyshed manne And so it befell that Tydeus was sent ambassadour from Polynices vnto Eâ—â—ocles that the same should remembre his couenaunte and promisse and accordyng to thesame should surrendre vnto Polynices the kyngdome of Thebes there to reigne by course one fâ—ll yere as Eteocles had dooen When Eteocles had made hym a plain resolute aunswer that he would not suffre Polynices â—o reigne thereâ— Tydeus sharpely reâ—uked hym of breakyng his feithfull promisse spake many high bolde woordes Wherat Eteocles takyng greate indignacion priuely sent fiftie stoute meÌ„ne of armes to lye secretely in a woode soodainly to kyll Tydeus in hiâ— waye homeward These menne myndyng to execute and accomplyshe the commaundemente of their lorde sette vpon Tydeus in the saied woode Tydeus slewe theim euery mothers soonne excepte one whom he saued purposely and sent backe to beare tydynges of that feaste vnto Eteocles Then Adrastus and Polynices made warre on the Theâ—anes Where Tâ—deus after many noble actes of chieualrie at last was sâ—ain by one Menalippus a Thebane and yet after yâ— receiuyng his deathes wounde he slewe thesame Menalippus chopped of his hedde â— gnawed it in pieces with his teeth Thus for our preseÌ„te purpose it appeareth that the twoo soonnes in lawe of Adrasâ—us wer bothe outeâ— lawes and therefore did Cicero geue Marcus Aquilius the name of Adrastus Of the office of Cenâ—our is afore 〈◊〉 In the tyme whyle Lucius Cotta was Censour who was takeÌ„ for the greatest swielbolle of wyne in the worlde one of theim Lucius Cotta 〈…〉 where Cicero standyng in eleccion for the coÌ„sulship happened to bee veraye drye had drounk a draught of water enuironed and hiddeÌ„ from the Censours sight on euery syde with frendes he saied ye dooe well to feare lest I should haue yâ— Censour my heauie lorde because I drynke water Cicero made as though he beleued his frendes for this cause to stand thicke aboute hym that the Censour might not see hym drynkyng water For like beareth fauour to like And vnlike hateth vnlike So yâ— the Censour beeyng suche a gredie dâ—ynker of wyne if he had seen Tullius drynkyng water would haue suspected hym to dooe it in coÌ„tumelie reê“che of hym When Marcus Caelius who was thought to bee disceÌ„ded of father and mother not free but bonde had with a loude a whole voice reade a lettre before the Senate Cicero saied What Cicero saied of Celius who had a loud voice Maruaillye nothyng her at my lordes For this is one of theim that hath had a good loude breste in his dayes Signifiyng the Caelius had been a commen cryer and that by longe vse it had come vnto him to haue a shrille voice And in dede bondemeÌ„ that wer to bee sould wer woont to bee made the best of by the oyes of the cryer Unto one Memmius reprochyng Cato the Vticensian and saiyng that he would bee drounk euen whole nightes through yea ê™ Cicero but thou speakest nothyng at all that all the daye tyme he would bee plaiyng at dyce How Cicero excused Cato for makyng merie now then in the night tyme. Manerly excusyng Cato who bestowed all the whole daye vpon the affaires of the commenweale and would take an houre or twoo or three of the night to take some recreacion of mynde Cato would bee buisie in yâ— daie tyme merie in the night and to refreshe his spirites And in deede it is writâ—en of Cato that he would now and then be merie and make good chere What Cicero saied to Iulius Caes. defenâ—yng the doughter of Nicomedeâ— kyng of Biâ—â—ynia Unto Caius Caesar earnestly defendyng the cause of Nicomedes his doughter in the senate hous and rehersyng the benefites and greate pleasures of the kyng towardes hym Cicero saied No more of this I beseche you for it is not vnknowen what he gaue to you what ye gaue to hym The pith and grace of the saiyng dependeth of the double sense that might bee takeÌ„ of yâ— woorde dare For in latine he is proprely saied dare to geue that conferreth a benefite and also a womaÌ„ is saied in latine dare that is gentle kynd of hir fleashe Wherof the poete Martialis thus writeth to a woman uis dare nec dare uis that is ye will geue and ye will not geue c. Caesar had an eiuill name that wheÌ„ he was in Bithynia in his youthe at what tyme he fled from Roome for feare of Sylla wherof is mencioned in the first apophthegme of thesame Iulius Caesar he was somewhat more at the coÌ„maundemente of kyng Nicomedes thâ—n the lawes of chastitee dooe requere Marcus Callidius accused Gallus Marcus Tullius defended Gallus And when the accuser affermed that he would both by witnesses by Gallus owne handie wrytynges How Cicero defeacted the accusacion of Marcus Callidus against Gallus and also by examinacions confessed afore make due proufe that there had been vennyme teÌ„preed and made readie in a cuppe for hym by the partie arrained but yet al the whyle pronounced suche an hainous matier with an vnearnest countenauÌ„ce with a dedde voice and with the residue of his iesture nothyng hot nor vehemente Marcus Tullius saied O Marcus Callidius if thou diddest not feigne this geare wouldest thou handle thy plea so faintely Faint haÌ„dleyng of a plea argueth the cause to bee weake vntrue Gatheryng of his countenaunce and iesture that his woordes came not from the herte Thesame Cicero after this sorte iested on Isauricus How Cicero iested one Isauricus who had beeÌ„ beateÌ„ with whippes of his father afore I meruail what the matier is that thy father beeyng alwayes one maner a manne hath left the vnto vs so diuerse A merie woorde
synguler * Mecaenas was a noble man in Rome and a gret maÌ„ wyth Augustus Caesar so great a faunurer promouter and setter fourthe of Virgil Horace suche other learned menne that euersens his tyme al those that dooe notably promote helpe or fauour studentes or learned menne are of his â—â—me called Mecaenates Mecaenas of al my studies geue vnto me stiffely refusynge to take a benefice of his collacion and saiyng with what face maye I take to my vse and profyte the money of those persones to whom as beeyng a manne ignoraunt of their language I can neither make sermons nor dooe good in rebukynge of their misbehaueour nor in geuyng theim couÌ„forte nor yet in duely executynge any parte of the office of a good shephearde or curate As though ye dooe not more good ê™ he in that by youre bookes whiche ye haue made set forth ye dooe enstruct teache al pastours and curates then if ye should bestowe all your tyme and seruice vppon one sole parishe of the couÌ„tree I knowleged that it was on his partie veray freÌ„dely spokeÌ„ but yet he did not perswade me ne bryng me in mynde to take the benefice Beeyng asked by what meanes a manne might atteigne an honest name and fame Honest name fame how it is to bee perchaced and acquired If he earnestly apply hymselfe ê™ Socrates to bee suche a manne in deede as he desireth to bee accoumpted and estemed Yf a manne would fayn bee reputed a good player on the recordres it is necessarie that he perfourme and dooe suche feates as he seeth dooen of theim who been allowed for perfecte good players on that instrumente As he that hath veray sâ—lendre sight in ministrynge physike is not therfore a phisyciaÌ„ because he is sent for to take cure of pacientes hath by the coÌ„men voyce of menne the name of a physician so is not he by and by a good gouernoure in a comen weale or a good offycer that is by the voyce of the people so bruted excepte he knowe also the ryght facion and wayes to reâ—le the cytie and to kepe it in good ordre He saied that it was a thyng muche against all reason The Arte of gouernyng acoÌ„men weale wher as no manne setteth vp any handyecrafte or occupacion without his greate shame and reproche whiche hath not learned thesame afore where no manne wyll put to makyng a nest of boxes or a cupbourd full of almeries of Ioyners werke to one that neuer was a werkeman in that mysterie that to publique offices suche persones should be admitted as haue neuer geueÌ„ studie to those disciplynes without whiche no manne maye bee hable accordyngly to execute a publique office And wher as euery bodye without excepcion would crye fye on hym that would take vpon hym to sitte and holde the stieâ—ne in a shyppe hauyng none experience in the feate of marinershyp Socrates saied that thei were muche more to bee cryed out vpon whiche tooke in haÌ„de the regyment and gouernaunce of a comen weale beeyng vnexperte of the part of Philosophie whiche geueth preceptes and rewles howe to ordre a cytee or a commen weale Neither dyd Socrates suppose that person worthie to bee called a craftie beguiler of menne which of some foolysh body persuaded therunto dyd receiue take either money or some pece of plate which he were not hable to repaye but muche rather those persones he pronounced woorthie to be accouÌ„pted deceytfull bobbers of menne whiche by fraude guilâ— dyd make eche manne beleue that they were hable menne to take vpoÌ„ them the rewle and gouernaunce of the whole worlde where as in deede they are but vilaines and slaues nothyng worthie to be had in estimacion This saiyng muche nerer toucheth christian princes officers and Bishoppes then the gentyles or infideles He was woont to saye that there is no possession or treasure more precious theÌ„ a true and an assured good freÌ„de A true freÌ„de is an high treasure nor of any other thyng in the worlde besides to bee found more good profyte orels pleasure And therfore he saied that many persones dooe arsee versee Thei dooe arsâ—e versee that take the losse of money moore greuously theÌ„ the losse of a frende in that thei take the losse of a lytle money more greuously at the hert then the losse of a frende and in that thei crye out and saye thei haue cast awaye and lost a good turne beeyng so bestowed that they haue not as good again for it whereas by thesame thei haue perhappes purchaced a frende more to bee set by then any gaynes of money in the worlde As we dooe not put images to makyng but onely to suche werkemenne of whoÌ„ wee see some noumbre of images welfauouredly and mynionly made afore So should wee take no persones vnto oure frendship What maneâ— ê‘sones oughâ— to be receiued into freÌ„dship but such as wee perfectly knowe to haue tryed theimselfes feithful and seruiceable frendes to others aforetymes Of a certain manne somewhat sharpely beatyng a bonde seruauÌ„t of his owne Socrates asked wherfore he was so vengeable eagre marie ê™ the other because this knaue wheras he is the greattest gluttoÌ„ rauener of meates that maye bee yet is he the moste idle lubber aliue and whereas he is the moste couetous feloe in the worlde yet is he the moste slowethful that is possible to bee Many menne punyshe in others thesame thynges in whiche theiâ— selfes are offenders Then saied Socrates haue ye neuer yet vnto this daye cast well in your mynde whether of bothe hath more nede of coylynge ye or or your seruauÌ„t Would God that euerie bodye whensoeuer thei rebuke punishe in other persones thesame thing that thei perdone in theimselfes or if not thesame a much wurse thyng would saye to theimselfes that Socrates saied to that manne To a certain persone whiche in in deede would veraye faine haue gon from home to the * Olympia were certaine games of rennyng wrastleing which Herculâ—s did firsâ— ordein in thâ— honour of Iuppiter to bee celebrate kepte â—uerye fifth yeare in a certain place called Olympia situate lying in the couÌ„tree of Achaia betwene the twoo townes Elis and Pisa in whiche Olympia Iuppiter had a teÌ„ple and was therefore called Iuppiter Olimpicus or Olympius Olympia with the tediousnes of trauaillyng so ferre aiourney vtterly discouraged thus saied Socrates wheras beeyng here at home thou walkest too and fro ofteseasons in maner all yâ— who le daye aswell afore dyner as before supper yf thou stretch the walkynges that thou vsest at home laye theim on leÌ„gth by the space of fiue or sixe dayes together thou shalt easyly reache to Olympia This high witted manne dyd euidently shewe that thyng that maketh vs false herted in takyng peines and laboures to be rather our imaginacioÌ„ and conceipte then the veray laboures in deede If any daunger losse or trauaill must bee susteined
who so exerciseth hymself with syngyng or talkyng to thesame either standyng or syttyng or leanyng any place whatsoeuer it is to bee sufficiente and wide or large enough By this saiyng he did allowe moderate exercitacions of the bodye especially after meate taken Moderate exercitacions of the bodye allowed by Socrates the contrarye disallowed and eâ—ercises any thyng buisie or full of stieryng â—e disallowed Unto Socrates somewhat sharpely and roughly chidyng one of his familiare frendes at the table as thei sate at meate Plato saied Had it not been better to haue told hym these thynges aparte out of coumpaignie To whoÌ„ Socrates saied again Meryly spoken and nippyngly withall And should not ye also haue doone better if ye had told me this aparte out of couÌ„paignie betwene you and me He meryly and sharpely withal taunted Platoâ— as yâ— whiche in rebukyng hym did committe the veraye selfe same faulte that he rebuked In rebukyng another to coÌ„mitte theselfe same faulte that one rebuketh Socrates as he sate emong coumpaignie at a table espiyng a youÌ„g manne somewhat gredyly eatyng the fleashe and euer emoÌ„g depyng or soppyng his breade in the pottage or broth Maisters all that sitte at this table ê™ Socrates whiche of you vseth his breade in steade of his meate and meate in stede of his breaâ—e Immoderate and gredie eatyng rebuked by Socâ—ates A disputacion hereupon arisynge emong the coumpaignie For it is not I ê™ one and it is not I ê™ an other â— the young manne perceiued the mater blushed as rede as fyer begoonne more leasurely moderately to feede eate of the meate Beeyng asked whiche was the chief vertue of young menne The chief vertue of young menne not to eagerly to attempte any thyng that thei dooe not saieth he ouer feruently or angrely attempte assaye or entreprise any thyng For the feruen â—nâ—â—â—e of thaâ— age beeyng as hotte as â—oles will not suffre theim to kepe a meane◠‡ Terence a latin poâ—te a writer of comedies â— in the first comedie entitleed Andria Simo hauyng espied that his sonne Pamphilus had fallen in loue with a single woman named Glyceriâ— talketh of the mater with his late seruaunt Sosia and in processe of communicacion where Simo would haue Pamphilus not to ferre to procede in wantoÌ„ loue of paramouâ—es no by saynt Marie saieth Sosia for this I thynke in the life of manne to be as good a thyng as can bee that he attempte not ne entreprise any thyng ouermuche To this thyng had Terence anyie anâ— respecte in the young manne Pâ—mphilus Letters or writyng whiche the moste parte of folkes supposeth to haue been first deuised and founde out for helpynge the memorie Socrates saied to bee veraye hurtefull to the memorie Whether lettres or writyng dooe helpe the memorie orâ—ls rather hurte the same For in olde tyme meÌ„ne if thei had heard any thyng woorthie to bee knowen thei wrote and graued thesame not in bookes but in the hert and mynde And the memorie by this coÌ„firmed and made stedfast The exercise of the memorieâ— thei kepte in their remeÌ„braunce whatsoeuer thei wer willyng and what euerye man perfectly knewe he had alwayes readie with him at his fyngers endes Afterward the vse of writyng beeyng ones fouÌ„d out After the feacte of writyng ones fouÌ„d out meÌ„ne trusted more to their bookes then to their memories while menne put all their affiaunce and truste in bookes thei wer nothyng like earnest to enprinte in their mynde such thynges as thei had learned By that meanes it came to passe that the exercyse of memorie neglected and nothyng passed on the knowelage of thynges was nothyng so quicke nor freshe as it had been and eche manne knewe still lesse and lesse So muche â— no more doeth euerie of vs knowe as we haue suerlye enprinted in our memorieâ— For so muche and no more doeth euery of vs knowe as we haue fast enprinted dooe kepe in our memorie When the tyme of his diyng drewe fast vpoÌ„ hym beeyng asked of Crito how his mynde was to bee buiried The solle passetâ— out of this worlde more swyâ—tly then any byrd â—lyeth o my frendes ê™ he a greate deale of labour haue I spent in vain For vnto Crito your frende myn I haue not yet persuaded that I shal more swiftely then any byrde flye from hens not leaue behind me here any parte or porcion of me Yet neuerthelesse Crito if thou shalt be hable to ouertake me or if thou shalt in any place come by me or geat me buirie me eueÌ„ how so euer to the shal seme best but beleue me not one of you al shal ouertake me when I shal bee departed froÌ„ hens The solle is the maÌ„â—â— and the boâ—ye the tabernacle of the solle Socrates mened the solle to bee the manne the bodye to bee nothyng els but the instrumeÌ„te or tabernacle of the solle To take care howe to bee buâ—ried is folysh 〈◊〉 therfore those personâ—s to dooe like fooles that take care or thought how to bee buiried Thesame Socrates was woonte to saye that death is like to sound slepyng Death is like vnto souÌ„d slepyng or to beeyng in a straunge couÌ„tree And of this we cal in englishe a souÌ„d slepe a dedde slepeâ— orels to a longe pylgrymage that is to saye long beeyng in a strauÌ„ge countree froÌ„ whens at length to returne home again That the solle shal at length returne again into the bodye not onely shal bee at the generall resurreccion accordyng to our beleef but also was the opinioÌ„ of Socrates of Plato and of their disciples albeeit after another sorte Ueray sound slepyng taketh away for the tyme all operacion of the bodily senses the solle beeyng departed away from the bodye shall at length returne again into his tabernacle that is to saie into thesame bodye Thesame vsed also many tymes to saie that if the vniuersall calamitees of all menne should bee gathered all in an heape to gether If the vniuersal calamitees of al men wer in an heape egually to bee distributed eche manne would rather take his own again then eguall porcion with all his feloes ymmediately to eche manne seuerally by hymself should bee distributed eguall porcions out of thesame heape it would come to passe that eche manne would rather choose to receiue his owne former calamitees again then eguall porcion with his feloes out of the coÌ„mune heape This maketh against the commune maners and guise of meÌ„ne who grutche repine at the state coÌ„dicion of others and whyne contynually at their owne He learned to plaie on the harpe after yâ— he was well striken in age and that emong childreÌ„ And vnto suche persones as meruailled at thesame as a thyng veray vnconuenieÌ„te and foolyshe he saied that it was no shame nor folyshe thyng for a maÌ„ to learne those thynges of whiche he wer ignorauÌ„t It is no
the bodye as he would yâ— moÌ„stres of the sea ought none other wise then the Mermaides of the sea called Sirenes to bee passed by and eschewed of any persone yâ— maketh haste in his waye toward vertue as though after a long iourney had gotten at last a sight of his countree He alluded vnto the fable of Ulysses who stopped his eares with waxe and by that meanes in sailling passed awaye by the mâ—nstres of the sea called Sirenes in englishe mermaides wheÌ„ he had after his returne froÌ„ Troie â—nes espied the smoke of his countree Itacha mouniyng into the aier out of the chymneyes The poâ—tes fables saien yâ— Sirenes wer these three Parthenope Lygia Lâ—â—cosia doughters of the floodde Aâ—helous and of Calliope one of the nyne Muses and that thei had their abydyng in a certain Isâ—e betwene Italie and Sicilie and by the swetâ—nes of their syngyng theâ— allured passengers on the sea and when theâ— had theim slewe theim Wherfore Uâ—ysses returnyng froÌ„ Troye to Ithaca his countree stopped the eares of all his coumpaigâ—â—e with waxe aâ—d caused hymselfe to bee fast bound to the mâ—st of the shippe and so escaped from the Sirenes as Homerus writeâ—h And the Sirenes for angre and sorowe that thei wer so despised â—umbleed hedlong into the sea and do styll remain there When he heard the dialogue of Plato entitleed Lysides Socrates of an huÌ„blenesse of mind wold not knowlage the laâ—des praises that Plato attributed vnto hym readeÌ„ oh lord in heaueÌ„ saieth he how many lyes the young manne forgeth on me Bâ—tâ—er for thaâ— of his â—umilitee and lowelynes he would not knowelege the laudes and prayses whiche Plato did attribute vnto hym orels because he feigned many thynges on Socrates in thaâ— dialâ—gue Unto Aeschines who was sore oppressed with pouertee 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Howe an eiuill housbaÌ„de maye borowe money of him selfe to gette aforâ—hande Magnum uectigall persimonia he vsed to geue warnynge and auise that he the said Aeschines should borowe or take vsurie of his ownself moreouer shewed the wayes how that was by abatyng of his sumptuous fare at his table Accordyng to the prouerbe good housbandrye and sparyng in an hous is a great penie rent of yerely reuenues Good housbandrye is a greatâ— yâ—rely reuâ—nâ—e to an householder The moste readie waye to encrease a mannes richesse is to abate of his â—harges And as our englishe prouerbe saieth hous keepyng is a priue theef Beeyng asked concernyng Archelaus the soonne of Perdicca Archelaus the sonne of Perdicca who at yâ— season was estemed a veray valiaunt and hardie manne whether he iudged hym to bee in perfecte blisse or not I cannot tell saieth he I neuer had communicacion with hym And to the other partie then saiyng after that sorte or maner ye maye aswell doubte of the kyng of the persians whether he bee in the state of perfecte felicitee or not yea what els ê™ Socrates forasmuche as I knowe not how well learned he is or how good and how honest he is Socraâ—es measured the blissefulnes of a maÌ„ne by the veray true good qualitees vertues of the mynde The state of blissefulnesse of a man consisteth in the vertues of yâ— mynde not in worldlye thynges This doeth Cicero reporte and cite in the fifth booke of the Tusculane questions out of the dialogue of Plato entitleed Gorgias THE SAIYNGES OF ARISTIPPVS NExte after the maister I thynke moste congruente to sette his own scolare that was bothe in age and tyme first and in autoritee chief of all the othersâ— that is Aristippus Aristippus a phylosophier of an excelleÌ„te witte and of singular dexteritee yâ— first and chiefe of of all tâ—e disciples of Socrates Who taught phylosophie for money as is aforesaid The disciples and foloers of Aristippus wer called after his tyme Cyrenaici because he came to Athens out of yâ— couÌ„tree then whom emong all the philosophiers there hath not been any one eithâ—r of a more apte or readie and prompte witte in conueighaunce or castyng of thynges and more agreable to all maner states sortes or facions of liuyng orels in his saiynges more meriecoÌ„ceipted within the boundes of honestee or more pleasaunt Albeeit he seemeth not to haue shewed that holynesse of maners and behauour in liuyng whiche all menne dooe honour and highly esteme in Socrates Betwene Aristippus and Diogenes the Cynike there was muche good cockyng Betwene Aristippus Diogenes was muche good cockyng and emulacion striuyng whether of theim should wynne the spurres beare the belle because thei wer of twoo sondrye and in maner contrarie sectes trades or professions of liuyng Diogenes called Aristippus the kynges hounde because he was a dayly waiter and gaue coÌ„tynuall attendaunce in the Courte of Dionysius the Tyranne of Sicilie Against whom Aristippus on the other syde vsed to saye Aristippê° one of the courte with Dionysius the Tyranne of Sicilie If Diogenes could behaue hymself to bee familiare with kynges and dayly about theim he should not neede to eate rawe or grene herbes Then Diogenes again countreyng The countreyng of Aristippus and Diogenes saied If Aristippus had learned to bee conteÌ„ted with rawe herbes he should not neede to bee the kynges hounde When he had on a tyme commaunded a perâ—rige to bee bought whiche he might not geat vnder the price of fyftie drachmes that is xvi s. viii d. sterlyng A Drachme was about the value of a â—roâ—e sâ—erlyng or somewhat more or there about vnto a certain persone detestyng crying abominacion on suche riotous superfluitee or prodigal excesse in a philophier why eueÌ„ thou thyself ê™ Aristippus if the price of a perâ—rige wer an halfpenie wouldest not thou bye of theim when he had aunswered yes And euen as muche no more doe I sette by a merke fowertie pens saied Aristippus as thou dooest by thy halfpenie Aristippus despised golde â— siluer Thesame thing that the oâ—her iudged to bee an abâ—minable pointe of riot excesse prodigalitee Who so is driuen froÌ„ byyng by reasoÌ„ of the hyghe price setteth not litle by yâ— thyng but setteth â—uch by the money the philosophier turned an other waye to the laâ—de and prayse of despisyng money For who so is by reason of the costlinesse or high price feared driueÌ„ awaye froÌ„ biyng thesame dooeth not sette litle by the meate but setteth muche by the money But to the estimacioÌ„ of the philosophier no whitte more iâ— valour wer fiftie drachmes then to the other feloe an halfpenie A right philosophier despiseth money Thenâ— Arâ—stâ—ppus beeyng in the desirefulnesse of that cates nothyng wurse then yâ— other feloe in yâ— conteÌ„pte of money was ferre better When Dionysius had brought foorthe before hym three beautiful young damyselles of light conuersacion biddyng hym to choose one whiche soeuer he would of the three Aristippus laied haÌ„de on theim all tooke theim to hym saiyng When
reiected from honest mennes occupiyng through the faulte of other lewde persones who putte the same thynges to eiuill vses Beeyng asked the question how Socrates ended his life Aristippê° wished to dye no wurse thâ—n Socrates had dooen euen so as I woulde wishe to dooe saieth he Menyng that suche diyng is rather to â—ee wished for theÌ„ any kynde of life in this transitorie worlde Neither was it possible for hym in fewer woordes to describe a more blissed maner of diyng The pith of yâ— saiyng consisteth in this pointe that the philosophier auÌ„swered an other thyng then the demaunder looked for The one asked his question of the kynde of death It forceth not what kynd of death we hauâ— so we dye verteously that is whether he had dyed of some sickenes of a sweard by poison or by breakyng his necke by reasoÌ„ of some fal froÌ„ an high place the other thynkyng that mater to bee of small force aunswered that he had made a blissed Socrates made a blissed ende a perfecte and â—â—ertuous ende Poliaenus the sophiste beeyng entreed into the hous of Aristippus Polyaenus a Sophiste when he espyed there women gorgeously apparelled a feast of high prouision and furniture begonne to reproue suche greate excesse in a philosophier Aristippus makyng as though he had not marked that chyâ—yng within a whyle said vnto hym maye ye fynd in your herte to take peines at dyner here with vs for this ones when the other had aunswered that he could bee contented so to dooe with all his herte Many yâ— reproue dentye fare delicates can well fynd in their hertes to take parte of the same why fynd ye faulte at it then ê™ he for ye seeme not to reproue the table for the dentie fare but for the costâ— For if the feaste had for this pointe mysliked hym that it was ouer delicate he would haue refused to bee one of the geastes To allow the fare to bee offended with the cost of the same argueth not a man sobre of diete but lothe to spend moneyâ— And as for the ordeinaunce to allowe and with the charges of thesame to bee offended or discontented semeth to bee a pointe not of one that abhorreth excesse of meate and drynke but of a niggarde of one that is lothe to spend any money It is vneth beleueable that BioÌ„ reporteth of hym Aristippus a despyser of golde and siluer wheÌ„ his seruauÌ„te bearyng money of his as he trauailled in a iourney was ouercharged with the heauie burden of thesame he saied cast awaye the ouerplus and carrye that thou mayest with thyn ease Trauaillyng by sea on a certain tyme after that he had due knowlage that the shippe belonged to pyrates rouers on the sea he laied abrode his golde Aristippê° caste his golde into the sea and begoonne to tell it anon after soodainly leat it fall ouer boorde into the sea for the nons then gaue a great sigh sembleyng that it had fallen out of his hande vnawâ—res and muche against his wille By this ingen or subâ—â—â—e deuise â—e found meanes to saue his own life when the mater and occasioÌ„ why to kill hym or to trye maisteries with hym for his money was ones takeÌ„ awaye from the pirates Some writers there bee that reporten hym to haue spoken these woordes also Better yâ— money bee caste awaye by a manne then a manne to bee cast away foâ— moneys sake Better it is that all this geare bee cast awaye by Aristippus then Aristippus to perishe and to bee cast awaye for this geares sake Unto Dionysius demauÌ„dyng why Aristippus was come into Sicilie forsakyng Socrates Why Aristippus left Socrates went into Sicilie he auÌ„swered Marie to the ende that of suche thynges as I haue I maye geue you parte of suche thynges as I haue not to take parte with you There been that reporten hym in this wise to haue aunswered When I wanted sapience I resorted vnto Socrates now because I want money I am come to your grace Aristippus vnto Plato chydyng with hym for that he had bought a greate deale of fishe for one dyner Aristippê° chidden of Plato for biyng diuerse cates at ones what he auÌ„swered he aunswered that he had bought it all for an halfpenie And when Plato had thus saied of that price euen I myself could haue fouÌ„d in my herte to haue bought it ye see then o Plato ê™ Aristippus Plato loued money better then Aristippus loued good fare In the .ii. in the vii and in the xxxii saiynges of Aristippus that not I am gredie to to haue plentee and varietee of sondrie cates but yourself to beare greate loue to money Ceâ—tain saiynges muche like vnto this been a fore recited Thesame manne in the citie of ☞ Aegina was a goodlye cytee adiacente vnto PelopoÌ„nesus not ferre froÌ„ the hauens mouth called Pyraeus it stode euen directly against the couÌ„tree of Attica therfore was of a certain Atheniens called Lippitudo Atticae that is the bleryng of Attica For the goodlynes of Aegina dyd muche disgrace the beautie of Attica and did as ye woulde saye drowne it Some geue the name of Aegina to the whole Isle Aegina at the solemne feastes of * Neptunus Iuppiter and Pluto were three brethren and soonnes of Saturnus gotten vpon Ops the sister and wife of thesame Saturnus They so diuided the regions that Iuppiter should haue vnder his dominion the high countrees Pluto the lower countrees and Neptunus the Isles and the seaes Wherof the poetes haue feigned Iuppiter to bee the God of heauen Pluto of helle and Neptune of the waters In honoure of Neptunus were yerely celebrate in the Isle or towne of Aegina certain solemnitees whiche wer called Neptunalia of Neptunus his name and by another name Salatia of Salum the sea Neptunus had to dooe with ‡ Phryne was an harlotte of exccellente beautie but so commen that she refused none whatsoeuer he were and as occasion serâ—ed for hir mercate she customably resorted to all places where â—ny soleÌ„nitee of sacres or martes or any other occasion of great haunte and resorte was Albeeit hir moste dwellyng was in the citee of Athenes She is muche mencioned not onely in the poetes and historiographiers but also in sondrie places of this present wâ—rke Phryne a mysliuyng woman there And when a feloe had cast hym in the nose that he gaue so large money to suche a naughtie drabbe who sticked not to leat beggerie Diogenes the Cynike to haue parte of hir bodie Aristippus in this maner aunswered I geue hir money and many other gaye good thynges to haue my pleasure on hir for myn own parte and not to thenteÌ„te that nomanne els should This is left in writyng of the said Phryne that although she was a passyng fair womaÌ„ yet was she as coÌ„men as the carte waye on who soeuer came without preferryng or choyce of this manne or that
Diogenes vsed is a voice indifferente to writyng and to peintyng And therefore vertue sette foorthe in bookes is vertue muche like in maner as if it wer peinted on a cloth or table And in dede against all reason it is in choosyng figgues to bee curious and precise to take none but of the best and in vertue to bee nothyng so To a certain persone in the waye of reproche obiectyng vnto hym that he was a manne banyshed his countree Thou sely creature saied he for this veraye cause did I at the first become a philosophier Either forthat banyshemente had enforced and driuen Diogenes to entre the studie of philosophie Why Diogenes first became to bee a philosophier orels because he had purposely learned philosophie to the ende that he might bee hable with a paciente contentefull mynde to endure banyshemente and other sembleable chaunces Unto an other feloe saiyng to hym in despite Naye the Sinopians haue condemned thee with banyshyng the How Diogenes aunswered one the cast in his teeth that the Sinopians had banyshed hym neuer to come more in that countree I theim ê™ he to abyde neuer to come thens Signifiyng hymselfe in that he was biddeÌ„ to goo seeke hym a dwellyng place in an other countree to bee no pointe in wurse state or coÌ„dicioÌ„ theÌ„ those persones which remained stiâ—â— wellyng in their owne couÌ„tree not hable pacieÌ„tly to suffre banyshmeÌ„t if it should chauÌ„ce For egual miserie it is to make abode in a place by enforcemente and compulsion To bee exiled froÌ„ a place by compulsion to abyde in a place by compulsion is eguall miserie to be banyshed or eriled from a place by enforcemente and compulsion A philosophier who in differently taketh euery grounde euery lande vnder the cope of heaueÌ„ whiche so euer it bee for his owne natiue countree A philosophier indifferently reputeth al places vnder the cope of heauen to bee his natiue countree if he bee coÌ„maunded to departe any wheÌ„s by banyâ—hement is a manne exiled out of some one particulare citee or nacioÌ„ onely But he that cannot liue in another place besides his owne countree where he was born and breden is a manne banyshed out of regions almoste innumerable As touchyng Diogenes Why Diogenes was banyshed out of his owne couÌ„tree in deede he was banyshed his countree for countrefeactyng or coynyng of money as menne thynke And born he was a Sinopian This presente historie Plutarchus in yâ— his treactise entitleed of banyshmeÌ„te reporteth in maner fourme here ensuyng The Sinopians haue by their decree banyshed the out of * Pontus and Euxinus are taken all for one And it is parte of the sea from Bosphorus of Thrace vnto yâ— greate Maryce of Scythia called Meotis It is also abrode â— wyde region marchyng rouÌ„d about yâ—â—oostes of thesame sea encoumpacyng many ê“â—incies as Colchos Armenia Cappadocia And in Capâ—docia beyng a deserte and bareÌ„ couÌ„tree stood Sinopa the Citee in whiche Diogenes was born Pontus for euer Yea but I condemne them in this pein ê™ he again that thei remain still enclosed and pend vp within Pontus and the ferthermust strandes of al Euxinus neuer to come out from thens Diogenes had chauÌ„ged his countree but thesame for the better The Sinopians wer more like folkes banyshed or exiled in that thei wer remedilesse appoynted and assigned to coÌ„tynue al their liues in suche an incommodious vnfruitefull baren region as Sinopa Those persones that wer commeÌ„ dooers in prouyng maisteries at the games of Olympia wer called in greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of which sorte when Diogenes had by chaunce fouÌ„d one kepyng shepe O Moun sire Capitain saied he with howe greate celeritee and speede haue ye conueighed and gotten yourselfe from Olympia to Nemea Nemea is a region of the couÌ„tree of arcadia situate and liyng betwene twoo citees the one Cleone the other Clitorium in thâ— whiche Clitorium as witnesseth Ouidius was a welle or fountain of whiche whosoeuer did drynke could not afterward awaye with drynkyng wyne In the wodde or foreste of this Nemea did Hercules kill the hougie greate lyoÌ„ whose skynne he woore on his backe for his weede And in the honour of the said Hercules did the people of Argoâ— euen there celebrate and keepe solemne games which wer named Nemea of the place in whiche thei wer holden and kept in like maner as is afore saied of Olympia Findyng a mery toye in the affinitee or similitude of yâ— greke vocables For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in greke are certain games of prouyng maisteries so called of the place where thesame wer celebrated and holden euen as olympia afore mencioned And the greke verbe 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 souneth in latin pasco in englyshe to keepe or feede catalles in the pastures and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is in latin pascuâ— in englyshe pastures or leasues Beeyng asked wherefore the champions or fightyng meÌ„ne called Athletae had no sense ne feelyng Marie ê™ he because thei haue been brought vp altogether with porke and beef and suche other grosse feedyng For that sorte of menne are fedde vp with the grosse kyndes of meates Grosse meates maken yâ— bodye strong but the witte dulle whiche in deede conferren to yâ— bodye hard brawne clene strength but as for the witte it maketh as grosse and dulle as caÌ„ bee thought But to this presente mery saiyng the ambiguitee or doubtefulnesse of the vocable nothyng els gaue place and was occasion of it For as with the grekes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and with the latin meÌ„ sentire so in englyshe to haue a feelyng belongeth aswel to the mynde as to the bodye To haue a feelyng in a matter But the demaunder of the question asked what was the cause wherefore the saied champions lackyng as ye would saie bodyly sense and feelyng were neuer offended ne greued with strypes or strokes And Diogenes had more phansy to note the brutyshe grossenesse and dumpyng of the mynde For wee saie commenly in englyshe that wee feele a mannes mynde when wee vnderstand his entent or menyng and contrarie wyse when thesame is to vs veraye derke and harde to bee perceiued wee dooe commenly vse to saie I cannot feele his mynde or I haue nomaner feelyng in the matter c. He vsed now and then to resorte to ymages of stone or brasse or other metalle sette vp in the honour of this or that Godde and to aske one or other boune of theim And to suche persones as made greate wooÌ„dreyng wherfore he so did that I maye enure myself Use assuageth greefes ê™ he not to bee moued ne to take in eiuill parte if at any tyme I dooe not obtein my requestes peticions that I aske of menne After that Diogenes by extreme pouertee coarcted and driuen ther unto had begoonne to begge for his liuyng his accustomed guyse was after this fourme to falle in hande with menne for their almes
takyng high indignacioÌ„ at the mater held his peace as a maÌ„ destitute forsakeÌ„ of his auditorie Then saied Diogenes loe one poore halfpenie mater hath clene dashed all this earnest and soleÌ„ne talke of Anaximenes Signifiyng that all his bableyng was of light and friuelous maters whiche made not the audience veraye attente or willyng to geue eare vnto hym Certain persones obiectyng vnto hym as a poincte against all good nourture that he would goo maunchyng and eatyng euen in the open strete Why Diogenes woulde eate as he weÌ„t in the open strete what meruaill ê™ he houÌ„gre cometh on me in the strete He made a reason of that the logicians callen relatiuè opposita Relatiuè opposita or relatiues in logike are two thynges so connexed and mutually dependyng the one of the other that thesame doe euâ—rmore eitâ—er the other ymporte notifie as to beeyng a father belongeth hauyng a childe and to beeyng a soonne or doughter belongeth hauyng a father And sembleably of houÌ„gre â—aâ—yng If houngre wer not hasty on a manne in the open strete it myght percase bee a mater of â—hame to eate in the opeÌ„â—trete But by the selfsame coulour he might haue defended hymself if he did his easemente orels made water in the open strete There bee writers that dooe father this also vpon Diogenes How Diogenes taunted Plato secretely reprouyng hym for his course fare Plato happyly fyndyng hym washyng a sorte of salade herbes saied vnto hym roundyng in his eare If thou wouldest haue been rewled by Dionysius iwys thou shouldest not after this maner washe these herbes Diogenes rouÌ„ded Plato in the eare again saiyng iwys If thou wouldest haue washed herbes for thyne own dyner thou shouldest not in this maner haue been a Ihon hold mystaf to Dionysius Afore in the first saiyng of Aristippus But this appereth to bee a tale forged after the likenesse or exaumple of the saiyng afore reported on Aristippus As thissame in like maner whiche I will putte now nexte of all To one saiyng â—â—ogenes noâ—â—yng passed on theim that had hym in derision many a manne hath the in derision o Diogenes and theim perauenture many an asse ê™ he again The other feloe saiyng moreouer and thus replyyng yea but thei care nothyng for the asses he aunswered and I asmuche and not a iote more for theim that ye speake of He attributed vnto asses the propretee of mockyng or skornyng because thei dooe euery other whyle by shewyng their teeth bare as ye would saye countrefeacte grennyng and makyng mowes with their lyppes And besides that when menne dooe mocke any bodye thei wagge their handes vp and down by their eares at the sydes of their hedde and dooe coutrefeacte the facion of an asses eares So then the asse also appereth by waggyng his eares vp and down to mocke and skorne folkes yet is there no body therwith displeased or greued Seeyng a young striepleyng to applye the studie of philosophie well dooen ê™ he the harkeners of carnall beautie thou callest awaye to the beautie and goodlynesse of the mynde and solle Menyng that the partie in that he laboured to garnyshe adourne his mynde with vertues or good qualitees Who laboureth to adourne â—he mynde with good qualitees and honeste disciplinâ—s shal bee assured of muche yâ— better frendes with honest disciplines should fynally atteigne to bee assured of better freÌ„des by a great waye For there is nothyng more goodly or beautyful then sapience nothyng then vertue more amiable The custome vsage of menne in olde tyme was suche persones as had been saued from greate perilles or mysauentures to hang vp in the temples Donaries that is to saye giftes presentes or oblacions as agnisyng to bee the onely benefyte of the Goddes that thei had been preserued and saued harmelesse Therfore wheÌ„ to Diogenes hauyng taken a iourney into the countree of * Samos is an Isle in the sea called Mare Aegeum adiacente marchyng â— bordreyng vpon the countree of Thracia whiche afterward by reason of the commirtioÌ„ of bothe peoples was named Samothracia as witnesseth Uergilius saiyng Threiciam quae Samum quae nunâ— Samothraciâ— fertur This Isle was consecraâ—e to Iunâ— who wâ—s in thesame Isle born breden and brought vp and finally mareyed to Iupiter There was also another Isle in thesame sea of thesame name foreayenst Ephesus Samothracia wer shewed the iewelles or oblacions that soondrie persones hauyng been from perishyng in battaill from dyyng by sickenesse froÌ„ beeyng drouned and lost on the sea or from any other greate hasarde preserued had offreed vp yea ê™ Diogenes but these would bee a muche greater noumbre if all those persones whiche in like case haue not been saued had offreed vp suche gyftes as these He mened myne opinion is those persones that wer saued from mysauentures to bee saued by veraye chaunce and not by the benefyte or grace of yâ— Goddes Diogenes supposed menne to bee saued from mysauetures by mere chaunce noâ— by the grace or gifte of god That in case it bee to bee ymputed to the Goddes if a maÌ„ne bee preserued to thesame is it also to bee imputed that mo in noumbre dooe peryshe then are escaped There been writers that dooen attribute this present saiyng to Diagoras Melius Diagoras a philosophier surnamed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that isâ— a mysâ—reaunt not beleuyng that there wer any goddes ne the same to bee of any power a myscreaunte and a wieked despyser of the Goddes And as for the Samothracians wer sore blynded and infected with greate supersâ—icion in suche maner thynges To a welfauoured youÌ„g spryngall gooyng on his waye towardes a feaste or banquette he saied Thou wylte come home againe wurse manne then thou gooest foorth So when thesame young manne returnyng homewarde again from the banquette had saied to Diogenes I haue been at the feaste and yet am returned nothyng the wurse manne therfore Yes ê™ Diogenes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and so muche the wurse euen for that worde Notifiyng to bee vnpossible but that suche a young strepleyng must remedyâ—esse froÌ„ excessiue vnsobre reuellyng A youÌ„g maÌ„ne from excessiue reuellyng returneth wurse manne theÌ„ he went thither come home lesse honest then he went thither And that he had of the pottes and cuppes taken suche stomacke and ympudencie as without ferther prouocacion to chatte and choppelogike with an auncyeÌ„te philosophier was a manifeste argumente and an euident declaracion that his condicions wer rather appaired then emended besides that it was a token of small grace to bee so blynded in folye that he would not see ne knowlage his faulte Diogenes asked of one Euritius some greate thyng whatsoeuer it was when thesame as is the guyse saâ—ed naye to his requeste with these woordes I wyll dooe it if thou canst persuade me therunto If I wer hable ê™ Diogenes to persuade the to dooe al thynges after myne aduise I had long ere this daye geuen the
is noâ—thyng but that with gold it maye be ouer comed and woonne Whiche veraye selfe same thyng the poetes haue signified by the fable of * Ahas the xii kyng of the Argiues had a sonne called Acrisius whiche Acrisius succeded his father in the kyngdome of the said Argiues and had onely one doughter called Danae a goodly and a passyng beautifull ladie And so it was that Acrisius had knowelage geuen to hym by an oracle or voice comynge from heauen that he should be slain of his doughters soonne Wherfore he enclosed and shutte vp the saied Danaâ— his doughter in a veraye stronge toure and there kept hir to thentente that she myght neuer haue soonne At length Iupiter in fourme of a shoure raynyng droppes of golde gotte Danae with childe So by Iupiter she had a soonne called Perseusâ— Whiche thyng beeyng come to light and beeyng knowen hir father sette bothe hir and hir infant childe enâ—losed in a troughe or trounke of wood in the wilde sea So was she carryed by auentures on the sea vntyll she arriued in Italie and there Pilumnus the kyng and grauÌ„dfather of Turnus tooke hir to wife And afterward Perseus beeyng ones come to mannes stature killed Medusa and deliuered Andromeda And at last returnyng to Argos he slewe yâ— kyng Acrisius his graundfather accordyng to the prophecie and reigned in his stede Danae by Iupiter defloured but not vntill thesame god Iupiter had first transfourmed hymselfe in to golde whereof the poete Horatius speaketh in this maner Aurum per medios ire satellites et perrumpere pere a mat castra potentius ferro Golde hath a fansie and great delite Through harnessed meÌ„ passage to ieperde And to make waye through tentes of might More forceably then deynte of sweordeâ— WheÌ„ those persones that wer at Lasthenes found theimselfes greued and tooke highly or fumyshly that certain of the traine of Philippus called theim traitours Philippus auÌ„swered that the Macedonians wer feloes of no fyne witte in their termes The Macedonians wer plain feloes â—â— callynge eche thynge by it right name but alltogether grosse clubbyshe and rusticall as the whiche had not the witte to calle a spade by any other name then a spade Alludyng to that the commenused prouerbe of the grekes callyng figgues figgues and a bote a bote 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 As for his menyng was that thei wer traitours in veraye deede And the fair flatte truthe that the vplandyshe or homely and plain clubbes of the countree dooen vse nameth eche thyng by the right names It was his guyse to aduertise his sonne Alexander after a courteous familiare geÌ„tle sorte to vse hymselfe and to liue with the Macedonians A good lesson to all young princes and through beneuolence and hertie loue in the meane tyme purchaced abrode emonge the coÌ„menaltie to gather vnto hym mighte puissaunce while duryng the tyme of an other mannes reigne it laie in hym without any his harme or hindreaunce to shewe humanitee gentlenesse Like a prudent and an expert manne right well perceiuyng and vnderstandyng like as an empier by no yearthly thyng better or more fermely to bee establyshed A kyng maye not to all persones wtout excepcion shewe fauour then by the hertie loue and good wille of the subiectes towardes their prince euen so to bee a thyng of moste high difficultee and hardnesse for any persone that hath ones taken vpoÌ„ hym the office of a kyng hath now alreadie in hande the gouernaunce and ordreyng of a royalme or empier towardes all parties without excepcion to shewe gentlenesse and fauour not onely because the office power of a kyng lyeth in the open waye to bee enuied but also for that a commenweale maye not possibly bee preserued and kept in perfecte good state onlesse haynous transgressions bee restreigned and suppressed by due punyshemente and correccion Haynous transgressioÌ„s must of necessitee bee suppressed by due correccioÌ„ and punishement For kynges must so ferre extende humanitee and fauour towardes their subiectes as thei maye in the meane tyme accordyngly vpholde and maintein their autoritee and estate royal Kynges must so ferre exteÌ„de fauour that thei maye in the meane tyme not empeche their autoritee and estate royall For goodnesse and fauour without ende or measure shewed is many a tyme and ofte the mother of contempte Thesame Alexander he auised counsailled that he should wynne and make frendes vnto hym all suche persones bothe honeste and vnhoneste good and badde Kynges must vse honest persones and abuse the vnhoneste as beare any rewle stroke or autoritee in the commenweale and that the good menne he should vse the eiuill persones he should abuse that is to saye applye to some good vse that of theim selfes thei are not apte nor inclined vnto The chief and higheâ—t feacte of kynges is to reiecte no person The chief â—eaâ—te of kynges is to reiecte no persone but to make all persones profitable to the commen weale but rather to applye the labour and seruice of all menne to the publique vtâ—litee and profite As almightie god beeyng the onely Monarche and prince of the whole vniuersall worlde abuseth the eiuill sprites and the weeked menne to the vtilitee and profite of the churche so princes of high wisedome and policie haue the feacte to make instrumentes aswell of the honeste persones as of the vnhoneste not that theimselfes been werkers of any eiuill thyng by the helpe of the eiuill persones Wise â—rinces haue the feacte to make profitable instrumentes aswel of yâ—â—iuill persones as of the good but that by the eiuill thei dooe punyshe the eiuill Nerethelesse many princes there bee whiche contrarie to the right course dooen abuse the good menne and vse the eiuill In executyng matiers of cruell tyrannie thei associate and ioyne vnto theim suche persones as for the opinion of holynesse are famous and of greate name to th entent that the people should esteme all thyng that thei dooe to bee good and godly Thesame Philippus when he laye for hostage and pledge in the citee of Thebes â— soiourned was lodged in the hous of one Philo a Thebane and besydes his high entretainmente in that behalfe he receiued at the haÌ„des of thesame Philo many high beneficiall pleasures And when the said Philo would in no wyse take any rewarde or gifte of Philippus again Neuer maÌ„ne did any thyng for Philippus but that Philippus did asmuch for him again Naye ê™ Philippus robbe me not now by leauyng me behynd hande in bountifulnesse of that laude praise whiche hitherto I haue euer had that yet vnto this preseÌ„te daye no maÌ„ne hath passed me or gon beyoÌ„d me in doyng mutual plesures benefites Oh an hert stomakeworthie a croune emperiall He demed it a more high and ioly thyng to haue the ouerhande in dooyng deedes of bouÌ„tie then in the prerogatif of power WheÌ„ a greate mayny hauyng been taken priesoners in warre wer in sellyng
sir kyng and haue good herte neither feare ye the greate noumbre and multitude of your enemies thei shall not bee hable to abyde no not so muche as the veraye smelle of vs. * Plutarchus in the life of Alexander saieth in maner fourmâ— here foloyng Immediatly hereupon was there a greate felde foughten with Darius not as some autours writen in the towne of Arbeli but at Gaugameli Whiche worde Gangamelâ— is as muche to saye as the Cameles hous Whiche it is saied that a certain kyng in forne yeares when he had on a Dâ—omedarie Camele escaped the handes of his enemies builded there and appoynted to the ouersight and the charges of thesame the reuenues of certain townes and villages The same Alexander his armie now alreadie sette in a raye appoynted euen out of hand to fight the felde wheÌ„ he espyed one of the souldiers euen at the same present houre trymmyng a strop or loope to sette on his darte A stroppe is yâ— streng that is fastened in yâ— middes of a darte wherin to putte ones fynger when he picketh it he putte out of wages and discharged of his roume as one lyke to do no good seruice at all whiche then and not afore begoonne to make redie his weapens when it was alreadie high tyme to occupie thesame It is an eiuill man of warre that wil haue his weapeÌ„ vnreadie when he should occupie it This was to bee putte rather emong stratagemes then emong apophthegmes eueÌ„ as is also thissame whereof I shall nowe neâ—te after make rehersall Alexander was readyng a lettre sent from his mother whiche lettre coÌ„teined certain secrete maters of couÌ„sail together with false crymes surmised agaynst Antipater These lettres did Hephastion after his accustomed maner reade together with the kyng Hephâ—estion was so highly in fauoure with Alexander that he called hym aâ—ter se the second Alexander and vsed hym as familiarly as his owne self hydyng from hym none of all his secretes Neither did the kynge forbidde hym to reade but after reading of the epistle he pulled his signet rynge from his fynger sette it hard to the mouth of the said Hephaestion warnyng the same by thus dooyng to kepe his counsaill secrete An example of notable truste and affiaunce hauyng in his frende yea and also of passyng great humanitee in that he would these false accusacioÌ„s and coÌ„plaintes to bee spred abrode although in deede he loued * At the first begynnynge who so high in price estymacion or trust with Alexander as was Antipater in so muche that Plutarchus in the life of Phocion reherseth for a thyng notable and woorthie memorie that thesame Alexander neuer would vouchesalue to shewe to any persones so muche honoure as in his Epistles or lettres to write vnto theim this familiare clause in the begynnyng of his lettres we grete you well sauyng onely to Phocion of Athenes and to Antipater whiche twoo persones he had in espeall high regarde and honour And Iolas one of the soonnes of Antipater was vnto Alexander chief butler and cuppe bearer But in the later dayes Antipater lost vtterly all the fauour of Alexander and was of thesame suspected mystrusted dedly hated Antipater at that tyme no better then a doggue In the temple of ☞ Ammon was Iuppiter wurshipped in the fourme likenesse of a ramme For when Bacchus otherwyse called Liber pater all the whole countree of Asia now subdued was conueighyng his armie through the wyldernesse of Lybia whiche Lybia is a region or coste of the countree of Afrike boundyng vpon Aegypte and sometyme sette for all Afrike beeyng almoste lost for drought bothe he and all his armie he besought his father Iuppiter of helpe and succour Wherupon ymmediatly appered vnto hym a ramme whiche ramme while he pursued he came by chaunce to a right pleasaunt a plenteous welle Bacchus therefore thynkyng this ramme to bee Iuppiter anon builded there a temple sette in it the ymage porture of a ramme to bee wurshipped for Iuppiter And it was called Ammon as ye would saie in Englyshe Iuppiter of the sande because the temple was edified and builded in a sandie place for the Greke vocable 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 souneth in englishe the sande Albeeit some there bee that affermen Iuppiter in the language of the Aegyptians to bee called Ammon and therof this temple to haue taken the name of AmmoÌ„ But Pansaâ—ias holdeth opinion that it was so named of one Ammon a shepehearde who first builded thesame temple Ammon wheÌ„ he was by the presidente or chief preest there called the soone of Iupiter it is no meruail saieth he for Iupiter in deede of nature is father vnto al menne but of theim he taketh for his veraye owne children in deede especially al suche as are good and honest He did after a veraye humble sorte expoune the * Oraculum an oracle is proprely the mynde aunswer of God by some diuine interpreter declared as by some Prophete preste or otherwyse by manne oracle For the mynistre of the temple called hym the soonne of Iupiter in the waye of flatterie as if Alexander had been lykewise begotten of Iupiter as Hercules was reputed and beleued to be the soonne of Iupiter But Alexander confessed that Iupiter was of nature the autour parente of all mortall menne but yet that the same did agnise and knowelage peculiarly or proprely for his soonnes suche persones and none other as by vertue and noble actes drewe nighest and were moste aunswerable to the nature of god And that is vnto all persones without excepcion to bee beneficiall When his leggue was wounded with an aroe in battaille What AlexaÌ„der said wheÌ„ he was wouÌ„ded with an â—roe and many came rennyng about hym whiche had of a custome ofte tymes vsed to call hym a God he with a bolde and a mery countenaunce alludyng to a verse of the Poete Homere saied AlexaÌ„der beeyng wounded knowlaged hymself to be a maÌ„ mortall This that ye see is blood withouten oddes Euen such like as cometh from the Goddes Mocking in veraye deede the vanitee of those flattreers forasmuche as the thynge selfe declared hym to bee nothynge els but a mortal manne as others wer As for the allusion that he made was to a place of Homere in the fifthe volume of his werke entitleed Ilias where it is tolde howe Uenus was wounded of Diomedes Many persones highly coÌ„mendyng and praisyng the frugalitee and spare maner of liuyng that Antipater vsed who leed a life veray homely or grosse farre from all delices yea ê™ he Antipater weareth a white mantelle outwardely but wtin he goeth in purple euery ynche of hym Notyng the feigned colourable sparyng and homelynesse of the saied Antipater wheras he was that not withstandyng in veraye deed as ambicious and stately Antipater though he seÌ„bled to liue homely yet in deede was ambicioâ—s â— stately as the best When he was on a daye in
a poore souter had taught to salute hym brought out theim also in this maner bothe our labour al our cost is lost Câ—sar laughyng hertely therat coÌ„mauÌ„ded a greate dele more to be paied for hir theÌ„ he had geueÌ„ for any such bird tofore A poore greke poete to crepe in to the fauour of Augustus Caesar vsed this facion Euer when the Emperour should come down from his palaice the poete would exhibite vnto hym some Epigramme or other in his honour praise How Augustus serued a poore Greke poete geuyng hym epigraÌ„mes of Greke and how he was serued of him again And when he had ofte times so doen in vain and Augustus sawe that he woulde not leaue he wrote out with his owne hande a well made Epigramme of Greke and sent it to the poete approching to meete hym as one entendyng to recompeÌ„se verses with verses The Greke hauyng receiued the Emperours Epigramme read it and not onely in woordes but also with countenaunce with gesture of bodye praised thesame made muche woundreyng at it And afterwarde when he had approched to the littre that Caesar rode in puttyng down his haÌ„de in to his thredebare pouche nigh penylesse he tooke out a grote or twoo or three putte it in the hande of Caesar with these woordes not accordyngly as your estate requireth o Augustus but if I had more more would I geue WheÌ„ all that wer present had takeÌ„ vp a laughter therat The liberalitee of Augustus towarde learned meÌ„ne Caesar called his purse-bearer or coferer and coÌ„maunded hym to deliuer vnto the poete an huÌ„dreed thousaÌ„de pieces of golde Niggardship in open presence cast in the nose of the Emperour happed well for thâ— Grekes parte Iulia the doughter of Augustus when she came on a tyme to dooe hir duetie vnto hir father perceiued his yies to bee offended with hir ouer wantoÌ„ and staryng araie though he would nothyng saie to it Augustus offended with his doughter Iulia for goyng in ouer dissolute araie Wherfore the nexte daie folowyng hir apparell chaunged into a more sadde sorte she enbraced hir father Then Caesar who had kept in his grefe the daie afore was not hable likewyse to kepe in his ioye and gladnesse but saied how muche better dooeth this sadde sorte of apparellyng become the doughter of Augustus The youÌ„g ladie had an auÌ„swer readie quickely The readie aunswer of Iulia to Augustus for eâ—câ—synge hir gorgeous goyng in hir apparell Forsouth saieth she I haue this daye trymmed my selfe to please the yies of my father my yesterdayes araye was to please my housbande At a certain sight of fightyng and tourneyyng The diuersiteâ— of the traines awaiting on Liuia the mother Iulia the doughter â—iuia the mother and Iulia the doughter had turned the yies of all the people on theim twain by reason that their traines wer so ferre vnlike the one to the other About the persone of Liuia awaited a coumpaignie of menne sage and aunciente Of Iulia reade more in the .lxiii apophthegme Iulia came accoumpaignied with a sorte of lustie youÌ„g rufleers and wylde merchauntes Augustus therfore by lettres admonyshed his doughter Iulia to marke what greate difference and oddes there was betwene twoo women of high estate She wrote to hir father again The auÌ„swer of Iulia vnto hir father Augustus aduertisyng hir of hir ryotious câ—uÌ„paignie of seruauntes well and these folkes shal bee olde too when I am This aunswer if one dooe interprete it in the good parte mayâ— seme feactely and proprely made if to the wurst without either shame or grace Thesame Iulia begoonne somewhat with the soonest to haue whyte heares in hir hedde Iulia the doughter of Augustus begoÌ„ne to haue a whytehedde somewhat with the soonest And the soudain comyng in of Caesar vpoÌ„ hir tooke vnawares the women that had keÌ„bed hir hedde as thei wer piekyng vp hir whyte heares and tooke vpon their clothes diuerse of the heares that thei had plucked out of his doughters hedde How Augustus rebuked his doughter Iulia for pluckyng the whyte heares out of hir hedde This matier Augustus made as though he had not knowen And the 〈◊〉 a preatie whyle passed foorth with communicacioÌ„ of other matiers at last he brought in mencion of olde age And by this occasion he demauÌ„ded of Iulia whether she had lieffer in processe of a fewe yeares to haue an hore whyte hedde orels to bee altogether balde And wheÌ„ she had thus made answer forsouth father of the two I had rather to haue a whyte hedde Why then saied he dooen these damyselles all that thei maye to make the clene balde before thy tyme With this preatie inuencion subtilly deuised he tooke hir tardie with a plaine lye To a certain frende of hirs a manne of grauitee geuyng hir counsail to frame hirself after the exaumple of hir fathers soobre and aunciente maner of liuyng thesame Iulia aunswered pertely enough again What Iulia saied to an auâ—cieÌ„t saige manne exhortyng hir to the frugalitee of of hir father he dooeth not remembre ê™ Iulia thaâ—â—is an Emperour but I dooe remembre that I am an Emperours doughter Augustus settyng twoo iesters together forto plaie their merie partes in gesturyng the one after the other by course called the one of theim a daunser and the other a stopper Because the one was out of measure full of his knackes aud toyes the other whiche when he shoulde countrefaict to dooe after hym as he had dooen afore coulde come nothyng â—igh to his facions semed to dooe nothyng but to make pauses stoppe or lette hym of his daunsyng The inhabitauntes of TarracoÌ„ Howe Augustus reproued the â—laterie of the Tarraconians bryngyng hym tydynges that a date tree was growen vp in his altare for a gladde token of prosperous fortune bryngyng hym tydynges that in his altare was sprongen and growen vp a palmetree therby ê™ Augustus full well appeareth howe often ye dooe sacrifice of incense in our honour That thei would faine haue attributed vnto the goddes as a miracle he imputed to their negligence who seldome or neuer did sacrifice of burnyng incense in the altare of Caesar. * Tarraconia a countree of Spain now called Aragousie Tarracon the chief citee of that countree where was an altare coÌ„secrated to Augustus Tarraconenses the inhabitauÌ„tes of Tarracon Thesame Augustus wheÌ„ the Galles had geueÌ„ hym a golden chaine of an hundred pouÌ„de weight and Dolobella prouyng his mynde in sporte How Augustus auoided Dolobella askynge a golden chaine of hym proceded in merie coÌ„municacion till at the last he saied Sir Emperour I praie you geue me this chaine Naye ê™ Augustus I had rather I might geue you a garlande * A garlaÌ„de ciuike was called in latine ciuica corona whiche one citezen hauyng been rescued and saued froÌ„ killyng in battaill made and gaue to another citezen by whom he was so rescued and saued as a testimoniall of
fyngre suche persones as he tooke rouyng and trottyng or scuddyng from place to place thei could not tell where about theim selfes he punyshed Pompeius would not his souldyours to dooe any oppressioÌ„ or piâ—lage where thei went and what compaignie hymself had sent afore he empriented on euery one of their sweardes the seall of his ryng that thei shuld dooe no bodie no wrong ne harme by the waye The * The Mamertines a people in Sicilie whose toune waâ— called Messana Mamertines because thei had taken parte and sticked hard with the enemies of Sylla he had appointed to slea euery mothers soonne But Sthenius the lorde of the citee or countree came vnto Pompeius with these wordes Sthenius the lorde of the Mamertines toke parte with Marius against Sylla O Pompeius ye dooe not accordyng to equitee and conscience in that ye goo about for one mannes cause that hathe offended to dooe a greate noumbre of innocentes to death I wys euen veray I myself am the manne that bothe haue persuaded my freÌ„des The noble maÌ„ly harte of Sthenius and also haue coarcted myne enemies to take the part of Marius against Sylla This was dooen in the ciuile battail betwene Mariê° and Sylla Here Pompeius greatly meruaillyng at the manly herte of this Sthenius said that he perdoned the Mamertines who had been persuaded by suche a manne â—oÌ„pâ—ius for the respecte of Stheniê° perdoned yâ— Maâ—niâ—tâ—ines as preferred his couÌ„tree aboue his own life and so deliuered bothe the citee and Sthenius In Sthenius ye haue an example what herte a prince ought to beare towarde the coÌ„menweale in case any perill or daungier dooe chauÌ„ce and in Pompeius a good lesson of placabilitee or myldenesse in that he was more propense to shewe honour vnto one that had a natural affeccion and zele toward his couÌ„tree then to execute his wrathe to the vttermost When he had passed ouer into Libya a parte of Afrike adâ—oâ—naunte to Egypte so named of Libâ—a yâ— wife of 〈◊〉 Iupiters soonne Libya against Domitius and had ouercomed thesame in a ‡ He calleth it a greate victorie for the saied Domitius a noble Senatour of Roome and consull with Messala peryshed in the battaill And of twentie thousande whiche he had in an armie there escaped aliue no mo but three thousande At this victorie Pompeius subdued all Aphrike into the power of the Romains And for this victorie was he surnamed Magnus and was called Pompeius the greate greate sore battaill his souldiours full whole salutyng hym with the title of Emperour he saied he would not take at their handes the honour of that high name as long as the trenches and bulwerkes of his enemies campe was standing whole This heard his soldiours The good couâ—age of Pompeius his souldyours although it wer theÌ„ a great raine to leat theim soodainly with all their might assaillyng the campe of their enemies woonne it and beate it down hande smoothe PoÌ„peius refused honour vntil he knew hymself to haue deserued it Thus the saied Pompeius refufed an honour not yet truely deserued with deedes Thesame Pompeius beeyng returned from the saied victorie The surname of Magnus when wherefore by whoÌ„ it was geuen to Pompeiê° was partely with other honours highly receiued by Sylla and also besydes other thynges he first of all gaue vnto hym the surname Magnus the greate But when Pompeius not satisfied wyth al this woulde nedes triumphe too Sylla would none therof because Pompeius was not yet of the degree of a senatour But when Pompeius had saied vnto the coumpaignie then preseÌ„te Sylla to bee ignoraunt that moo persones dooen worship the soonne when it ariseth Mo persones wurship the soonne whâ— it ariseth then when it gooeth downe saied Pompeius then when it gooeth down Sylla cryed with a loude voice leat hym triumphe He was strieken in fear of the courageous stomake of the freashe young manne PoÌ„peius triâ—mphed beeyng a veraye young manne not yet a Seâ—â—â—our and of his glorie dayly more and more encreasyng Neither sticked he or put any doubtes to geue place vnto suche an one as he sawe could in no wyse he brought to yeld an ynche to any manne lyuyng The menyng of Pompeius was that the people would bee more propense to fauour thâ— honour and glorie of a young manne comyng vpward and growâ—ng towardes the world as hymself was then of an olde manne beeyng almoste past and begynnyng to decaye as Sylla now did In the meane whyle euen against the tyme Seruilius a ioyly feloe and emong the hedde menne in the coÌ„menweale highly estemed was madde angrye that a * When any consull or other high Capitaine by the Senate people therunto deputed had holden greate warres and had with sauyng his owne armie or at leâ—t wyse with smal losse of menne achiued some notable high coÌ„queste or had gotteÌ„ some excelâ—ente victorie vpoÌ„ any foren nacion kyng or capitain to the high honour renoume and auauÌ„cemente of the commenweale of Roome or to the victorious enlargeyng of the empier of the same he should at his returnyng home bee receiued with all honour ioye solemnitee pompe and royaltee that might bee deuised He should haue to go before hym the kyng or capitaine by hym subdued all captiues taken in the warres he should haue pageauntes as gorgeously sette out as might bee of all the tounes castelles fortresses and people or prouinces by hym subdued hymself should ryde in a chairette moste goodly beseen bare hedded sauyng a garlande of laurell and after his taille should come his owne souldyours with all ioye mirth solace that was possible to bee made And this was called a triumphe the highest honour that might bee shewed Neither was it awarded to any manne but by the iudgemente of the whole armie with the decree of the Senate vpon thesame and consente of the whole vniuersall people nor without the â—esertes aboue rehersed triumphe was graunted to Pompeius The souldyours also not a fewe of theÌ„ made many stoppes lettes that there might bee no triuÌ„phe dooen not for that thei bare Pompeius any grutche but thei required to haue certain rewardes distributed emong theÌ„ as though the triumphe must haue been bought at their handes with greate largesse orels the souldiours thretened that thei would echemaÌ„ne for hymself catche awaye of the treasures and richesse that should bee carryed about in the triumphe And therfore the saied Seruilius and one Glaucia gaue hym aduise and counsaill rather willyngly to parte the saied money emong the souldyours theÌ„ to suffre it to bee taken awaye euery maÌ„ne a flyce by strong hande But wheÌ„ Pompeius had made theim aunswer that he would rather leat al alone and haue no triumphe at all Pompeius would rather make no triumphe at all theÌ„ flattre his souldyours or bye it with money then he would make any seekyng or entreactyng to his owne souldiours and euen with that woorde
death with suche an innocente and good manne as Phocion was At his last houre when the bruage of wyne and the iuice of hemlocke tempreed together was brought vnto hym Of yâ— maner of puttyng coÌ„deÌ„ned ê‘sones to death in Athenes reade afore in the annotacion of yâ— liiii apoph of Socrates one demaunded of hym whether he wer disposed anythyng to saie vnto his soonne for thesame was there present Dere soonne ê™ Phocion I bothe streightely charge and commaunde the What Phocion saied to his soonne at the houre of his death and also right hertyly desire and praie the neuer to beare towardes the Atheniens any grutche or malice for the remeÌ„breaunce of this matier To other persones when thei suffre execucion the chief coumforte that thei commenly haue is the hope of their death to beâ— afterward auenged The â—ntiâ—â—â—â—ele affeccioÌ„ of Phocioâ—Ì„ toward his couÌ„trâ—e but PhocioÌ„ did all that in hym laie to prouide that the soonne should not reuenge the wrongfull murdreyng of his own father and was more desireous that the same should beare tendre zele affeccion toward his countree then toward his pareÌ„te Unto Nicocles makyng instaunt requeste for liceÌ„ce to suppe of his parte of the poyson before yâ— PhocioÌ„ should well ê™ PhocioÌ„ though this bee an harde thyng to obtein and muche against my stomake PhocioÌ„ loued and fauoured Nicocles singuâ—arly well yet must it nedes bee graunted vnto that manne whoÌ„ I neuer saied naye of any thyng in all my life tyme. Phocion had euermore borne singuler loue affeccioÌ„ towardes Nicocles the mosâ— feithful and truest herted manne emong al the frendes he had Nicocles the moste trustie frende that PhocioÌ„ had and for yâ— coÌ„sideracion it would haue been a greate greef to yâ— herte of Nicocles to see the other passyng out of this worlde Whiche greef to auoid he desired to drynke first hymself And in this thyng also did Phocion shewe pleasure to his frende When all the cast menne sauyng he alone had droonken The price of an ounce of Hemlocke iuice in Athenes and onely Phocion was remainyng vnserued by reason that yâ— poison had been all consumed by the others the hangmaÌ„ saied plainly and swore that he would not serue hym except there wer laied down in his hande twelf good drachmes litle vnder â—â— s sterlyng for an ounce of hemlocke iuice he saied would coste not a ferthing lesse PhocioÌ„ therfore to th eÌ„de that his death might not bee delaied or slacked through the feloes brableyng What PhocioÌ„ saied wheÌ„ the hangman would not ministre the pâ—ison vnto him without mâ—ney to one of his frendes purposely called spake thus Forasmuche as it is so saied he that in the citee of Athenes a maÌ„ne cannot dye neither but he must paie for it I beseche you hertyly paie the hangman here his askyng When Demosthenes was buisie castyng out many blouddie woordes against Alexander beeyng now at the veraye poincte to wynne and entre the citee of Thebes Phocion tooke hym vp with this greke verse of Homere How PhocioÌ„ rebuked Demostenes caâ—tyng foorth many â—ailling woordes aâ—aâ—â—â— AlexaÌ„derâ— out of the first booke of the werke entitleed Odyssea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 O weked creature what phansie hast thou Suche a â—oure feloe to prouoke now THE SAIYNGES OF MARCVS TVLLIVS CICERO Of Marcus Tullius Cicero to speake as his worthinesse requireth wâ—r to write an infinite volume couched replenished with whole â—eapes of laudes praisesâ— But for this preseÌ„t puâ—pose place it shal be enough to saie yâ— he lyneally deâ—ceÌ„ded from the hous of Tullius an annciente â—yng of the Uolsces But as the worlde and all thynges are full of chaunges so in long processe of yeres the ioylitâ—e of that bloudde and name fell to dâ—câ—ye and to ignobilitee Albeit eueÌ„ in the tyme of Cicero the Tullies remained in the degre and acceptacion of gentlemen and Cicero euen at his first comyng to Rome enioyed thâ— degree of a gentlemanâ— and lyke as he was vnder the estate of the Senatours â—hiche weâ— lordes so was he aboue the condicion and degre of the yeomanrie or comenaltie his father was called Tullius a manne of no greate name ne porte his mothers name Olbia a riche woman He was born in a toune of the Uolsces called ArpinuÌ„â— free of Roome to enioye all maniâ—r frauÌ„chesses libertees priuileges and offices in thesame Neuerthelesse al suche persones as neuer had their parentes dwâ—llyng in Roome ne beaâ—yng any magistrate or office there wer called noâ—â— homines newe men that is to saie come of straungiâ—rs and menne vnknowen to beare autoritee and rewle in the citee Tullius was at last the father of all eloquence a greate writer of bookes in all kyndes and a manne as Pliâ—ius of hym saiyth for witte and eloquence out of all comparison he gotte vp by litle and litle to beare offices in Roome euen to the veraye â—onsulship and that wiâ—h as muche honour aâ—toritâ—e glorie and renoume as euer manne did in somuche that he was yâ— first that euer was called in Roome parens patriae the â—ather of his â—ountree that is to saie the onely sauer kepeâ— of thâ— countree Neuerthelesse was he at lengtâ— banyshed his hous in despite beateÌ„ throwen down to the hard grounde but at last he was fette home again of their owne accorde and receiued with suche honour as neâ—er was any maÌ„ne there before or sens and had a newe hous builded for hym at the charges of the citee twys sâ— good double so faire as his owne was afore In fine he was by the permission suffreaunce of Augustus Caesar with all vilanie possible â—lain at the coÌ„maundement of Marcus Antoniê° his enemie who caused his right hande with whiche he had writen to bee strieken of and his â—oung to bee cut out of his hedde with whiche he had made many noble oraciâ—s before the Seâ—nate and pâ—ople of Roome And after that the saied Antonius had â—had his hedde presented iâ— a dyshe at his table and had â—aciated his mostâ—â—râ—ell yies with the contemplacion of it he caused thesame for extreme contumelie and despite to bee nailled vp in the place that was called â—ostra where Tullius had before that tyme proâ—ounced many a sore inuectiue against hym MArcus Tullius Maâ—cê° Tullius muche ieâ—ted at for the surname of Cicero forasmuche as he was muche tested on for the surname of * As touchyng the surname of Cicero it is to bee noted yâ— this Marcus Tullius right well knowyng his owne petigree and aâ—ncestrie resumed the surname of the stocke from whiche he was descended For the first Tullius was surnamed Cicero of a litle piece of fleashe growyng in the syde of his nose like to a cicer whiche is a litle puitz muche like to a pease some there been that call it the fatche but I doubte whether truely or not But in tyme of olde antiquitee a commen thynge it
was that families wer surnamed of diuerse suche thyngeâ— saieth Plinius in the third chapitur of the .xviii. booke aâ— the familie of those whiche wer in Roome called Pilumnâ—â— was first surnamed of the inueÌ„tyng of Pilum whiche is a peâ—stell suche as thynges are braied withall in a mortaâ—e in oldâ— tyme thei had none other waye to grynde their corne Also Piâ—â—sones wer surnamed a piseÌ„do of gryndyng with a querne because it was their inuencion Those also saieth he whiche wer called Fabii Lentuli and Cicerones had their surnames at the first of suche thynges in the sowyng and housbandrie wherof thei eâ—celled others Cicero beeyng warned by his frendes to choose and take vnto hym some other surname What Tulliê° saied wheÌ„ his freÌ„des adâ—ised hym to take some other surname in stede of Cicero aunswered that he would ere he dyed make the name of Cicero more noble and famous then was the name either of the ☞ For the renoume of the Catons of the Catules and the Scaâ—res of their families in the histories of Titus Liâ—iuâ— Florus Plutarchus and Ualerius Maximus For some more light to bee geuen to this presente place as touchyng Cato the first I haue thought good to sette the woordes of Plinius in the .xxvii Chapitur of the seuenth booke In other kyndes of vertues saieth he many persones haue many soondrie wayes excelled But Cato the first of the hous that was called in Rome gens portia hath been thought to haue in moste high degree perfourmed shewed the moste high thynges that maye bee in any mortall creature beeyng the best oratour that euer was before his tyme the best capitain of an armie and the best Senatour And as for this was in Cato alone and neuer in any manne els that he was vpon accusacions so wer and â—owertie tymes brought to his aunswer before iudges at the barre and neuer any manne moo tymes arrained and yet euer quite For this Cato because he was a graue and a sage father and a coÌ„tynuall enemie and pursuer of all vice had the hatered of many persones who of malice wrought to bryng hym to confusion but his innocencie euermore deliuered hym From this Cato lyneally descended Cato Uticensis a veraye noble maÌ„ne also as is afore in the saiyâ—ges of Augustus largely meÌ„cioned and noted Catons or of the ‡ Of Quintus Luctatius Catulus it is writen in the chronicles of Roome that in the first warre that the Romaines made against the Cartaginiens he with a nauie of three huÌ„dred shippes made sixe huÌ„dred shippes of theirs couche and tooke theiâ—â—itailles and other ladyng and the chief Capitain of thesame Himilcon But the memorie of these mennes actes is now clenâ— extincted the memorie of Cicero by reason of his moste noble bookes is ymmortall shall neuer dye whyle the worlde shall stande Of whom Plinius in the .xxx. chapitur of the seuenth volume emong many high praises moe saieth in this wyse â—ll haill Cicero the first manne that euer was called parens patriae the father of our countree and the first manne that euer deserued a triumphe and neuer diddest on harnesse for the maier and yet diddest as worthyly deserue to haue the garlande of a triumpher for thy â—oung as euer had any other before for the swearde Whiche he speaketh of the suppressyng of yâ— sedicious coniuracion of Catiline whom Cicero did peasably destroye and put to death with all his complices and adherentes without blouddeshed of any of the true citezens All haill the parente chief founder of all eloquence of the latine toung and as Iulius Caesar the dictatour sometyme thy greate enemie hath left in writyng of the one that had achiued a garlaÌ„de of triumphe so ferre surmountyng the garlandes of all other mennes triumphes as it is more highly to bee estemed to haue so highly anaunced and extended through out all partes of the worlde the boundes and limites of the witte whiche the Romaines haue then of their empier Catules orels of the ✚ Marcus Aemilius Scaurus in the tyme of his consulship passyng by chaunce along by Publius Decius then chief iustice when he sawe thesame iustice not to dooe his duetie of obeisaunce commaunded thesame to arise from the benche and then did Scaurus cutte the garmente of Decius whiche was â—s greate a dishonour ignominie as if a chief iustice should haue his coyf pulled from his hedde here in Englande and beâ— disautorised or deposed from his office he cutte the benche yâ— Decius had sitten on in token of his deposicion or depriuacioÌ„ and proclaimed that no persone should any more resorte vnto thesame Decius for iustice Also beeyng consull he triumphed of the Ligures and the Gantiskes And at other seasons did many noble actes both of buildynges and otherwyse He was of so high autoritee in Roome yâ— of his owne hedde without any other bodyes couÌ„saill he sette Opius in harnesse against Gracchus and sette Marius to warre against Glaucia Saâ—uâ—ninus In his olde age he was accused and appealed by Marius one of the tribunes for the people that he had enforced the frendes of the Romaines and all the countre of LatiuÌ„ to battaill for aunswer to whiche complainte and accusacion thus he saied openly vnto the people Maisters all Uarius saieth that Aemilius Scaurus enforced and droue such as are in League with this citee to harnesse and weapen and Scaurus saieth it was nothyng so to whether of the twoo dooe ye geue credence vpon these woordes was he dimissed Scaures For these houses wer of especiall fame and renoume emong the Romaines The houses of the CatoÌ„s Catules the Scaures wer of greate renoume in Roome wheras Tullius was a manne but newly come to Roome and as yet vnknowen there And as for the surname was a readie thyng to bee tested at because it appered to haue been deriued of the moste vile Poultz called cicer Yea iwysse as though the familie of those Romaines whiche were called Fabii The surnames of those whiche were called fabii â— Lentuli wher of thei came vp sâ—med not to haue had that surname first of Benes whiche are in latine called Fabae thei that wer called Lentuli to haue been surnamed of another Poultz whiche the latine menne dooen call Lentem But to this present purpose of slendre nobilitee and renoume is that manne Of sleÌ„dre nobilitee is that manne who hath nothyng but the petigree of his auncesâ—ours his surname whiche hath none other poincte of nobilitee in hym besides the lineal descent of his auncestours and his surname The moste honourable kynde of nobilitee is that whiche euery manne dooeth purchace to hymself by his own propre vertues and good qualitees The moste laudable noâ—bilitee is that whiche euery manne achiueth by his owne propre vertues Neither proued Marcus Tullius a false manne of his woorde for the name of Cicero is at this presente daye more commen in eche mannes mouthe then are thre hundred
he auouched in all those praises to bee not so muche as one poincte comely for a kyng To drynke well is a proprete mete for a spouÌ„ge but not for a maÌ„ For the first he saied belonged to women the secounde to sophistes or rhetoricians and the thirde to spounges * This ambassade was at thesame tyme when Demochares saied to Philippus that he might do to the Atheniens muche pleasure if he would put his necke in an halter and hang hym self Wherof read the .xxxv. apoph of the saied Philippus Demosthenes had writteÌ„ vpon hiâ— shilde in lettres of golde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 writeâ— about Demostâ—â—nes his bucler in lâ—tters of â—olde Good fortune Yet neuerthelesse when it was come to handie strokes ‡ This was at the battaill in Cherronea wherof is afore spoâ—â—en iâ— the .vii. apophthegme of Philippus in whiche battaill he subdued and conquiered all Grece And of this battaill Deâ—osthenes was the chief procurer and setter on in so muche that he onely persuaded the Thebanes and others therunto and was one of the chief ryngleders and capitaines hymself in so muche that the kyng of the Persians wrote letters about to â—is nobles in all places that thei should aide Demosthenes with money enough on all sydeâ— for the suppressyng of Philippus The battaill waâ— kept in Châ—rronea the countree of Plutarchus at Thermodon Whiche Thermodon as the reporte gooâ—th saieth Plutarchus shuld bee a litle preatie floudde renâ—yng into the riuer of Cephisus But thesame Plutarchus saieth that he knoweth no suche flodde there about of yâ— namâ— nor yet in any place of al Cherronea Neuerthelesse he beleueth that the floudde HaemoÌ„ whiche renneth along by Heraclium where the Grekes at that tyme pitched their caÌ„pe against Philippus was at the first in olde tyme called Thermodon and froÌ„ that battaill foorthward thesame to haue taken the appelacioÌ„ of Haemon because it was then filled vp with dedde corpses â—nd with bloudde For 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is greke for bloudde But this was suchâ— a sore battaill that Philippus feared Demosthenes all daies of his life after for that thesame had persuaded the Grekes to battaill Demosthenes euen at the first meetyng cast shilde and all awaye from hym togoo as fast as his legges might beare hym This poincte beeyng cast in his nose in the waye of mockage reproche How Demosthenes aâ—oided yâ— reproche of rennyng aâ—waye in battaill that he had in battaill cast awaye his bucler and taken hym to his heeles Plutarchus saieth that Pytheas it was whiche thus mocked Demosthenes for his mannely rennyng â—waye like a pretie maÌ„ne he auoided it with a litle verse commen in euery bodyes mouthe * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is I maÌ„ thaâ—â—leeth will renewe battaill again is a prouerbiall verse as Erasmê° in his chiliâ—des admonysheth by whiche we are warned not by and by to be brought in despaire if some thyng hauâ— not well come to our passe For though a manne bee now ouerâ—omed he maye at an other tyme haue better happe Wherof Homere calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is now stroÌ„g on the one syde now on the other And Alexander Pariâ— the soonne of Priamus kyng of Troie thus speaketh in Homere 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Uictorie chaungeth from parte â—o parte And thesame AlexaÌ„der in an other place again saieth Menelaus now through Pallas hath wonne And so shall I at an other season So Dauus in Terence Hac non successit alia aggredienduÌ„ est uia that is This waye it will not frame ne faie Therefore must we proue another waye So mened Demoâ—sthenes that though he had had missehappe at that season yeâ— an other more propice tyme should come when his chauncâ— should bee to dooe his countree better seruice c. And this waâ— a meetely honeste excuse 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 That same manne that renneth awaye Maye again fight an other daye Iudgeyng that it is more for the benefitâ— of ones couÌ„tree to renne awaye in battaill then to lese his life For a dedde manne can fight no more but who hath saued hymself aliue by rennyng awaye maye in many battailles mo doo good seruice to his couÌ„trâ— At leste wise if it bee a poincte of good seruice to renne awaye at al tymes when the counâ—ree hath moste nede of his helpe to sticke to it When Alexander on this condicion offreed peace vnto the Athenienâ— if thesame would yeld vp into his handes eight of the citezens How Demosthâ—nâ—s escaped beeyng deliuered into the handes of Aâ—â—xaÌ„der emoÌ„g whoÌ„ Demosthenes to bee one Demostheâ—nes told vnto theim the tale of the woulf who vpon this condicion offreed peace vnto the sheepe if yâ— same would yeld and deliuer hym their dogges that kept hym from the folde Under the name of the woulf betokenyng AlexaÌ„der by the dogges menyng those persones who at that present season had the cure and charge of all the publique affaires and by the sheepe signifiyng the commenaltie of the Atheniens He added moreouer an other exaumple As the mercatemenne saieth he dooe bryng out a litle modicum of wheate or other corne in a treendishe for a saumple or shewe Who betraieth the gouernours rewlers betraieth the whole people couÌ„tree desiryng by thesame to sell whole greate heapes so ye if ye betraie and deliuer vp the eight citezens whiche are demaunded of you ye betraie deliuer the whole vniuersall people euery mothers chylde When Demosthenes beeyng condemned of the Areopagites Of Arâ—opagus the Areopagites it is afore noted had escaped out of prieson was rennyng * The cause of the banyshemente of Demosthenes was this There was one Haâ—palus of whoÌ„ it is afore mencioned who partely of remorse and conscience of eiuill handleyng hymself in matiers committed vnto his fidelitee and partely for that he sawe AlexaÌ„der begyn to weaxe veraye rigorous and sore to his frendes fled out of Asia and came to Athenes And wheÌ„ hâ— had with certain shippes and greate substaunce of money submitted hymself to the pleasure and wylle of the people of Athenes the other oratours counsailled the people to receiue proâ—ecte hym but Demosthenes at the first begynnyng gaue theim counsaill in no wyse to receiue hym but to bee well aware lest thei should by reason of hym areise battaill of an vniuste and vnreasonable cause Within fewe daies after wheÌ„ Harpalus who by like had a good insight in suche matiers espiyng and markyng Demosthenes to haue an earneste yie a greate fansie vnto a goodly cuppe of golde that was of excellente werkmanshipâ— caused thesame to bee weighed Demosthenes muche woondreed at the weight of the cuppe and demaunded what the cuppe drawed menyng of weight in the balaunce I wys ê™ Harpalus smylyng vpon hym it shall drawe you twentie talentes and the nexte night folowyng sent vnto Demosthenâ—s the saied cuppe of golde secretely twentie
talentes with all whiche Demosthenes receiued And when Harpalus his causâ— within a daye or twoo after was had again in communicacion Demosthenes came to the assemblee of the people with his necke all stuffed lapped and wrapped in wulle furres and cloutes He was bidden to saie his mynde he refused to speake allegâ—yng that he had a bone in his throte could not speake But the people perceiued the matier well enough that he had been corrupted with money by Harpalus And without any more busynesse first and foremust thei expulsed Harpalus and bidde hym voide And that dooen forasmuche as thei stood in feare and drede left the money whiche the oratours had receiued should bee required of theim by Alexander thei serched the oratoures houses for all suche money and iewelles Then Demosthenes beeyng manifestly fouÌ„d culpable would haue pourged hymself but yâ— people would in no wyse heare hym speakâ— No saied one wil ye not geue eare vnto hym that hath suchâ— a goodly golden cuppe well the people cryed out vpon hym Demosthenes putt the matier vp to the iudgemente and sentence of the Areopagites by whom he was coÌ„demned in a fine of fiftie talentes and commaunded to warde vntill the fine should bee satisfied and paied Demosthenes partely by reasoâ— of that extreme iudgemeÌ„te for that he was feble and weake of bodye nor hable to endure the enpriesonmente broke awaye priuely and fledde into Arcadia whiche is a region of Achaia awaye had mette in the teeth not ferre from the citee certain persones of the contrarie parte that wer not his freÌ„des first he would faine haue hidden hymself But when the parties speakyng to hym callyng hym Demosthenes by his name bidde hym to bee of good coumforte The naturall loue desire of eche maÌ„ne towarde his natiue countree also offreed hym money to help hym on his waye he gaue an heauie sigh euen from the botome of his herte saiyng How can I possible forsake this citee in whiche I haue suche enemies as I shall not fynd frendes of the like sorte in an other countree It is reported that Demosthenes in his departyng from yâ— citee looked backe vnto the toure of Pallas What Demosthenes saied to Pallas at his departyng out of Athenes his handes lifted vp vnto heauen saied O Pallas ladie of citees why settest thou thy delite in three the moste vnluckeful beastes of the worlde the oulette The Oulettâ— dedicated vnto Pallas the draguon and the people The oulette wheras she is of all birdes the moste vnluckefull The people â— beaste of many heddes yet is she dedicated vnto Pallas like as the same Pallas hath a draguoÌ„ also whiche she beareth aboute with hir for hir cognisaunce The ingratitude of the people towarde their benefactâ—uro And as for the people is a monstreous beaste of many heddes accustomed with the moste naughtie vnkyndenesse possible to rewarde suche persones as hath dooen theim benefite as thei did Socrates PhocioÌ„ * Of the ingratitude of the people of Athenes towardes Soâ—rates and Phocion it is afore declared As touchyng Scipio there wer fower of the name in Roome one after an other as nobâ—e menne as wyse counsaillours and as valiaunte Capitaines as euer wer in Roome whiche did asmuche benefite in the commenweale as vneth any penne maye wryte And yet euery one of theim found at the haÌ„des of the people of Roome inâ—omparable ingratitude The first of theim woonne Carthage and made it tributarie vnto Roome when it had so tieâ—ed Roome with long warres that it was muche more nigh to subdue Roome then to bee subdued vnto Roome This Sciâ—â—â— triumphed on Carthage and had geuen vnto hym the surname of Africane because he subdued Carthage and thereby Afrike And yet was he at last exiled and did dye out of his countree a banished manne Scipio surnamed the Asiatikâ— because he subdued kyng Antiochus vnto Roome and besides hym all Aâ—ia of whoÌ„ he also triumphed was afterward â—alsely arrained of robbyng the treasourie of Roome and moste wrongfully commaunded to prieson Scipio Africane the secounde to whom that surname was geuen because he beatte downe and destroyed bothe the citee of Numantia and also the citee of Carthage beeyng with all their power and puissaunce â—ent andâ— sette against the citee of Roome was wekedly slain in his bedde in the night and yet in all the citee of Roome could not one bee found that would see suche an hainous murdre auenged or punyshed And this Scipio it is that Erasmus here speaketh ofâ— Scipio surnamed Nasica who saued the coÌ„menweale from the violente oppression of Tiberius Gracchus the Tribunâ— was in his later daies sent as half a banyshed maÌ„ne to Pergamus and there spent the residue of his life Scipio and right many others mo Unto the young menne with whoÌ„ he vsed familiaritee he would often tymes saie The affaires of a commenweale are dauÌ„gierouâ— to medâ—e withal saied Demosthenes that knowyng as he now did how muche enuie feare false surmuised querelyng and how muche perill a manne comyng to the affaires of the commenweale hath to looke for if the one of twoo wer to bee chosen he would rather goo to his death theÌ„ vp into a pulpite to make an oracion orels vp to the benche to sitte vpon matiers of iudgemente At what tyme he liued in Arcadia a banyshed manne Contencion betwene Pytheas Demosthenes and Pytheas in the fauour and behalf of the Macedonians had saied in this manier as wee deme that hous to haue some eiuil maladie wtin it into the which is carryed mylke for to bee sold so may wee thynk that citee to bee corrupted with some eiuil disease vnto the whiche is sent any ambassade of the Atheniens Demosthenes thus turned that clause clene arsee versee As mylke saieth he is brought into houses for to restore sicke folkes to their helthe again so are the Atheniens alwayes readie for the safegarde and preseruacion of other foren citees How Demosthenes was reâ—tored from banyshement As soone as the commenaltie of the Atheniens had knowelage of this thei foorthwithall sent for hym to come home again from exile After this saiyng the comenaltie of Atheneâ— whiche had afore condeÌ„ned hym wer soodainly stricken again in loue with hym and saied thaâ— he was an honest manne again and loued the citee and many gaye good morowes Wherupon Damon Paeaniens the neffewe of Demostheneâ— made mocion vnto the people that Demosthenes might bee restored to his former state and might come home to the citee again The people made a decree vpon it And vnto Aegina was sent a galie for hym to fette bryng hym home again with honour And wheÌ„ he was approched nere to Athenes all the magistrates of the citee all the ministres and presidentes of the temples full and whole and the other citezens by whole â—â—ockes went to meete hym receiued hym as ye would saie with generall processioÌ„ and with
seasoÌ„ wryte and recorde suche thynges as he had to saie to the people in the daye tyme. So wheÌ„ an other feloe whiche had an eiuill name abrode for the suspicioÌ„ of piekyng and brybyng veraye malapertely inueighed against the same thyng I knowe it full well ê™ Demosthenes that wee dooe werke the muche sorowe in that wee light candles in the night Priue theues loue the derke For priue stealers loue the derke On Demades cryyng oh Demosthenes will take vpon hym to correcte me How Demosthenes taunted Demades the sow will teache * â—â—wyne to teache Minerua was a ê“uerbe against suche as either beeyng theimselfes of no knowlage ne wisedoÌ„ at all wil take vpoÌ„ theim to teache ê‘sones that are excelleÌ„tely skilled passyng expert for which we saie in Englyshe to teache our dame to spâ—nne orels that will take vpoÌ„ theim to bee doctours in those thynges in whiche theimselfes haue no skille at all for whiche wee saie in Englyshe to correcte Magnificat before he haue learned Te Deum For Minerua was thought the patronesse of al witte and of al ingenious artes as is afore saied and the swyne by the tradicion and wrytyng of all the naturall philosophiâ—rs is declared to bee of al beastes the moste brutyshe and lest apte to learne any thyng Minerua the same Demosthenes saied Yea but this Minerua ê™ he was taken the last yere in aduouâ—â—ie Minerua by the ficcion of the poetes a perpetuall virgin He lated vnto the charge of Demades aduoutrie wher as the poetes dooe make Minerua to bee a perpetuall virgin Thesame Demosthenes withstood the Atheniens ymportunely desiryng hym to shewe his aduise Demosthenes would not bee at the becke of the people saied 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is I am none of those whiche are brought vnder coram Signifiyng that he was not as a bondeseruaunte made to the becke of the people but at his owne wille pleasure at all tymes to dooe what thyng he had iudged expediente to bee dooen A certain bonde maiden had receiued of twoo menne of hir acquaintaunce a certain summe of money to kepe for theim with this condicioÌ„ and agreemente that she should redeliuer thesame summe vnto theim bothe together The one of these twoo parties within a shorte space after comyng cladde in a mournyng garmente gooyng as though he had no ioye of his life and feignyng that his partener was dedde beguiled the woman gotte the money out of hir fyngers How Demosthenes by a suttle ingen saued a poore woman from paiyng one summe twys This dooen anon came the secounde partie vnlooked for and begoonne to require that had been leafte in hir custodie And wher the woman beeyng in a pecke of troubles was half in mynde purpose to hang hirself Demosthenes was so good vnto hir to become hir aduocate who as soone as he came to make his plea in hir behalf went roundely to the demauÌ„der of the money after this sorte This woman saieth he is readie well truely to discharge hirself of the money which she was putte in truste withal to kepe but onles thou bryng thy partener too she maye not dooe it because that by thyne owne confession and woordes this was a plain composicioÌ„ made betwen you that the money should in no wyse bee deliuered to the one of you without the other By this suttle ingen he saued the poore seelie woman and clerely defeacted the conspirisie of the two vilaines who had drieueÌ„ a drifte to receiue double paimente of one summe To a certain ê‘sone demauÌ„dyng what was the principall poincte in eloquence he made aunswer hypocrisis that is accion or pronunciacion To yesame persone eftsons askyng what was yâ— nexte poincte and what the thirde he still made none other aunswer but accion accion Referryng so muche to pronunciacion that he thought all together to consiste in thesame And in deede yâ— accion or pronunciacion comprehendeth many thynges mo then one that is to weete the temperyng and qualifiyng of the voice the earnest looke of the yies the porte of the counteâ—aunce and the gesturyng or conueighaunce of all the whole bodye When the fyngers of the Atheniens ticleed to aid and succour Harpalus and wer now alreadie vp towardes warre against Alexander soodainly was seen Philoxenus arriued in the countree of Attica whoÌ„ Alexander had made his high amirall At this sodain arriuall of the saied Philoxenus when yâ— people beeyng with feare astouned wer soodainly whished weaxed dumme what would these menne dooe ê™ Demosthenes if thei should see the soonne which haue not the power to looke against a candle After suche sorte did he vpbraid to the people their rashe and vnaduised stieryng of coles and arisynges to warre By the soonne he mened Alexander in comparison of whom this Philoxenus was scacely to bee estemed a caÌ„dle Certain persones estemyng and saiyng that Demades had now geueÌ„ ouer to bee suche an haine as he had been in tyme past Demades was couetous of money Yea marie ê™ Demosthenes for now ye see hym ful paunched as lyons are For Demades was couetous and gredie of money And in deede the lyons are more gentle when their bealyes are well filled When he was by a certain persone reuiled with muche naughty language In reuiâ—yng one an otherâ— who so ouercometh lâ—seth the victorie I am now matched ê™ he to buccle in a strife in whiche who so hath in fine the ouer haÌ„de getteth the wurse and who so ouer cometh leseth the victorie Thesame Demosthenes when he heard a certain oratour speakyng out of measure loude and high all together in Pilates voice saied Not all that is greate Not all that is greate is well but all that is wel is greate is well but all that is well is greate This saiyng is ascribed to others also And some folkes there been that esteme feastes whiche are drawen of a greate length to sitte all daie and are furnyshed with soondrie dishes or courses of the moste One dishe alone to fâ—de on is more holsome for yâ— bodye then varietâ—e of dishes to bee royall deintie geare wheras by the plain determinacion of all naturall philosophiers and of all good physicians in the world one good dishe alone to fâ—de on is more naturall and more holsome for the bodye then the varietee of many costely disâ—es at one repaste ¶ The ende of the secounde booke ¶ That thou mayest the soner and easlyer fynde moste gentle reader either the name of any persone or any other good mattier coÌ„teined in this booke I haue here added a large and plaine Table after the ordre of the A.B.C. set out with the noumbre of the leafe where thou shalt fynde any suche thyng as thou desyrest to haue therin The Table A. ABas the .xij. kyng of the Argiues 166. Abstinence the Itatalians vse for all diseases 278. Achilles 39. Academia a place full of groues 158. Acrisius had a doughter called
Danae 166. Academiques 237. Acâ—ium the paeke of the couÌ„tree of Epirus 249. Arâ—ius escaped the daungier of a iudgemente 321. AccioÌ„ or pronounciacioÌ„ is the chiefest poict in eloqueÌ„ce 344. Adas quene of the CariaÌ„s 184. Adrastê° reade the note 330. Aeschines 21.66 Aesculapius 30. Aegina the citee 58. Aged menne whereof thei should smelle 28. Agaâ—ho of Athenes 29. Agesilaus 96. AgameÌ„noÌ„ kyng of Mycena 218 Agrippa made many newe coÌ„duictes in Roome 258. Aide after the felde is foughten commeth to late 116. Alcibiades of Athenes 12. All maner of oracions will not serue for all persones 26. Aleâ—ander talked with Diogenes sittyng in his tubbe 83 Alexander had Diogenes in high estimacion ibi Alexander thought it a greater thyng to bee Alexander then to bee a kyng ibi All vertues consiste in the meane betwene two vices 87 Alipte what thei wer 121. Almose geuen to beggers rather theÌ„ to Philosophiers 128 AlexaÌ„ders ambicioÌ„ 179.181.205 Alexander his haultnesse of courage 181. Alexander was swift and nymble ibi AlexaÌ„der his armye against Darius 18â— Alexander his cookes 185. Alexander his aâ—Ì„swer made to Dâ—rius 186. Alexâ—nder wounded with an arowe 188. AlexaÌ„der enforced no person freborne 190. Alexander howe he vsed the Grekes whiche toke wages of his enemies to fight against hym ibi Alexander how he vsed a captaine that submitted hymself vnto hym 193. AlexaÌ„der contemned Hercules in respect of hymselfe ibi AlexaÌ„der euer reserued one eare for the defendaâ—nt 202. Alexander reproued Darius for the gorgeous deckyng of his house 204. Alexander abhorred effeminate delices ibi Alexanders animositee 205. Alexander what verse he alowed best of Homere 206. Alexander was saluted the soonne of Iupiter AmmoÌ„ 207. Alexander takeÌ„ by daie with a dead slepe in the caÌ„pe 208. AlexaÌ„der made fre of Corinthe ibi Alexander knowelaged hym self a mortall manne 209. Aâ—â—â—oneus the sonne of Antigonus slain in battail 224. Alexanders courage and stomake 230. Alâ—â—biades accused of one Thessâ—â—â—us 340. Ambicioâ— of Diogenes 73.99 Amphictionum concilium what it is 105. Amphoteros 164. Ammon was Iupiter 188. Amicus alter ipse 207. Ambicion of Iulius Caesar. 266.267 â—â—â—â—â—thenes the philosophier 15 〈◊〉 Manhood 29. Anâ—â—sthenes would haue no schâ—lars 69. Aâ—â—â—umenâ—s the successour of 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—â—der 131. Aâ—â—â—sthenes was lothe to dye 156. Antipâ—â—er high capitain vndeâ— Philippus 175. Antipater highly in fauoure with Alexander but at the lâ—st dâ—dly hated 187. Antipater his ambicion 189. Anâ—â—genes 190. Antipater surmised matiers against Olympias 205. Antigonê° saiynges begyn 210. Antigonus how he vsed certain of his souldyâ—urs 211. Antigonus first cruell then mâ—â—cifull ibi Antigonus dâ—sapoinâ—ted his soonne of his lodgeyng ibi Antigonus his boldenesse presumpcion 219. Antigonus was tendre towarde his souldyours 220. Antigonus lowe of stature hauyng a flat nose 222. Antigonus iested at the impedimeÌ„t of his own yies 223.224 Antonius Dolobella faâ—â—e and well coloured 270. Antipater ouercame the Atheniens 298. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a rocke iÌ„ the Indies 19â— Appollodorus the poete how he visited Socrates â—â— Approuyng of good fare to be offeÌ„ded with the cost c. 57. Appellacion of a manne is a fitte name but for a fewe 9â— Apparell to curyous argueth wantonnesse 108. Apollo otherwyse called Pythius 184. Apelles 197. Arte of gouernyng a commâ—Ì„weale â— Arâ—oganâ—ie of Sophistes 16. Archelaus kyng of Macedodonie 18. Arte and profession of Phisiognomyers 32. Aristippus taught philosophie for money 3â— Archelaus the sonne of Perdicca 40. Aristippus brauled stroue with Diogenes 41. Aristippus one of the courte with Dionysiâ—s ibi Aristippus despised golde siluer 43.57 Aristippê° was bothe galauÌ„te and also sage 43. Aristippus regarded honeste at all tymes ibi Aristippê° feared no maÌ„ 44.63 Aristippus loued gaye apparell ibi Aristippus weaxed pale 48. Areta the doughter of Aristippus 50. Aristippus tooke money of his frendes why 51.54 Aristippus spent not his money in vain 54. Aristippus kept compaignie with a struompet ibi Aristippus was a customer of Lais the harlotte 55. Aristippê° spetted on the face of Simus 56. Aristippus wysshed to dye no woorsâ—e then Socrates had dooen ibi Aristippus cast his money into the seea 57. Aristippus beeyng chiddeÌ„ of Plato what he auÌ„swered 58. Aristippus rebuked Diogenes for compaigniyng with Phryne the horlotte 59. Aristippus a manne of greate possessions 60. Aristippus was nothyng greâ—ed to take a blaÌ„ke in disputacion 61. Aristippê° refused not to dauÌ„ce in purple 62. Aristippus had a passyng readie witte 63. Artaphernes ibi Aristippus arested in Asia by Artaphernes 63. Aristo the Philosophier 64. Aristippus gathered muche rychesse ibi Aristippus dyd let his sonne â—onne at â—ouers 64. Aristip. beâ—ng thelder manne submitted first to Aeschines 67 Aristippus cast on lande by shipwracke ibi Aristogiton 115. Arte euerye arte is not meâ—e for a kyng 178. Aristotle was maister to Alexanderâ— 200. Aristodemus 215. Arius a philosophier of Alexandria 226. Armenia a royalme in Asia 23â— Aristogiton a false accusar condemned 293. Areopagus 3â—7 Archias first a plaier of entreludes and afterwarde a great manne of power with Antipater 341. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 156. A true freÌ„de is an high treasure 6. Athenes was ruled by the commons 39. Athenaeus the greke historigraphier 60.199 A thyng publique is ordeyned for the welth of the priuate also 69. Athlete what they be that are so called 103. Athenes the foundament of all Grece 219. Athenodorus 228. Atedius pollio alias Vedius pollio 269. Attica a countree 297. Aulus Gellius 25. Augustus reproâ—ed the insaciable ambicioÌ„ of AlexaÌ„der 229 Augustê° Caesar made a lawe for adulterers ibi Augustê° enterpreted the dooynges of meÌ„ne to the better parte 232. Augustus Aiaâ— 233. Augustus was not desirous to be feared ibi Augustus aunswer to a feloe that asked a peÌ„cioÌ„ of hym 234. Augustus auÌ„swer to Galla. 235. Augustus ê‘doned Cinna 238. Augustê° vsed to saie naye to none that desired him to any 〈◊〉 239. Aâ—gustâ—s an high and mightie prince 240. Aâ—gustê° deliâ—ed to ieste also would take iestyng 243.244 Augustus bought diuerse birdes 250. Augustus geÌ„tlenesse in hearyng complayntes 250. Augustus howe he serued a Greke poete 251. Augustus what he saied of Roome 255. Augustus put of two ympudent â—rauers 256. Augustê° preferred the dignite of a commenweale 257. Augu. how he vsed to coÌ„meÌ„d his sonne vnto the people 260. Autoritee who so hath not saide seketh who so hath proued â—ateth 290. AuruÌ„ sitisti AuruÌ„ bibe 327 B BAttail betwene Alexander and Darius 186. Beneficiall to a whole multitude 4. Bettre of byrth that a childe is the better ought his bryngyng vp to bee 9. Betwene a beaste and a man of brutishe condicions there is no difference 11. Bettre to dye an innocent theÌ„ an offender 21 Beautie of the mynde is to be loâ—ed 31 Begoonne wel is halfe done 31 Bettre to begge then to bee without learnyng 46 Bettre the money be cast awaye thâ—n maÌ„ne for moneys sake 58 Beetes is an herbe called in latin Beta