the Form of a Province Pausanias had his Camp on the Right in a Place called Halipedum and Lysander with the Mercenaries on the left Pausanias sent a Message to those in the Piraeus commanding them to depart to their respective homes but they regarded him not So he made an attack to stop the Lacedemonians Mouths lest he should seem to favour the Enemy After the Assault he drew off without having effected any thing and taking with him two Battalions of Lacedemonians with three Troops of Athenian Horse he marcht to Port Cophus to view where he might open his Trenches against the Piraeus with the greatest conveniency As he retired some fell upon his Rear and created him some trouble which provoked him to that degree that he commanded his Horse to charge with full speed as also those that were ten years past man's estate to second them and followed with the rest himself They killed about thirty Light-armed men and received the rest into the Theater in the Piraeus whereall the Targetiers and Heavy-armed men were arming themselves whereupon the Light-armed men instantly sallied out darting their Javelins throwing shooting and slinging The Lacedemonians having several of their men wounded and being prest hard retreated gently upon that the Enemy followed them the closer There were killed Chaero and Thibrachus both Colonels with Leucrates that had won the * He was placed before the King in battel Prize in the Olympick Games and others of the Lacedemonians that were buried before the Gates in the Ceramicus When Thrasybulus and the other Heavy-armed men observed this they went with Succors and drew up immediately before the rest eight deep Pausanias being prest hard and retreating about four or five Furlongs to a certain Hill commanded the Lacedemonians and Allies to march up to him There he marshalled his Battalion a great depth and charged the Athenians who closed with him some of which were afterwards driven into the Clay by Halae the rest put to flight and about an hundred and fifty of them slain Pausanias erected a Trophy and marched off Notwithstanding all this he was not so much irritated against the Athenians but that he sent a private Message for them to dispatch Ambassadors to him and the Ephori that were there informing them what they should say They did as Pausanias directed who raised Divisions amongst the People in the City and ordered them to come to him and the Ephori in a Body and declare that there was no ground for making a War against those in the Piraeus that both Parties ought to come to an Accommodation and enter into an Alliance with the Lacedemonians Nauclidas the Ephorus was well pleased to hear this he and another being there at that time according to the custom that obliges two of the Ephori to attend the King in his Expeditions who both were more inclined to favor Pausanias than Lysander Whereupon they sent Deputies very willingly from the Piraeus with Conditions of Peace as also Cephisophon and Melitus who went out of the City upon their own private account When they were dispatcht thither several others went from the Body of the City to acquaint the Lacedemonians that they surrendred themselves and City upon discretion and that they thought it reasonable if those of the Piraeus declared themselves to be Allies of the Lacedemonians that they also ought to deliver up the Piraeus and Munichia After they had their Audience the Ephori and the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Assembly of all the Lacedemonians opposed to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which consisted of the Magistrares and deliberated about matters of less consequence Craglas General Assembly dispatcht fifteen men to Athens that they and Pausanias should joyntly make Peace with the Athenians upon the fairest terms they could A Peace was made upon these Conditions that the Athenians should agree together and that every man should return to his former Station only the Thirty the Eleven and the Ten that Commanded in the Piraeus were to be excepted and if any in the City apprehended themselves to be obnoxious they might remove to Eleusis Pausanias having transacted these Affairs drew off his Army Those in the Piraeus marcht up with their Arms to the Arsenal and sacrificed to Minerva After the Commanders returned from thence Thrasybulus made this Speech to them Thrasibulus's Speech My Advice to you Dear Countreymen that staid in the City is that you would learn to know your selves and that you 'll be able best to do if you would recollect what reason you have either to have so great a conceit of your selves or to usurp over us 'T is not because you are honester than we for the People of meaner Fortunes than your selves have at no time injured you for money though you that are of such plentiful Estates have done several sordid things for base Gain Since therefore you have no pretence to Honesty see if you have any reason to be proud of your Valour And how can we make a better estimate of that than from the late Action betwixt us Perhaps because you are supported by Garisons Men Money and the Alliance of the Peloponesians you 'll pretend to a greater share of Prudence than we Nevertheless you have been over-reacht by them that were destitute of all these Helps Do you think you may value your selves upon your dependance on the Lacedemonians How can you do that for they have delivered you up to the People you opprest and are gone their way 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was a kind of a pair of Stocks that they tied the Neck and Hands of Malefactors lib. 3. Hellen. Like those that muzzle biting Dogs and then leave them to the mercy of those they have mischieved neither do I Dear Countreymen require you to violate your Oath in the least but I perswade you rather amongst your other Virtues to show how religiously you can keep it and what men of Integrity you are Having said this and more to the same purpose He told them that they needed not be in that confusion they were provided they would be governed by their Ancient Laws and so dismissed the Assembly Accordingly they chose Magistrates to administer the Government A little after understanding that those of Eleusis were bringing in a Foreign Power they went against them with their whole Strength and taking their Commanders that came to treat cut them in pieces They sent also the Friends and Relations of the rest to them and perswaded them to an Accommodation Then the People swearing to forget all former Injuries kept their Oath and still live peaceably together XENOPHON's History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB III. THE CONTENTS The Heroick Mania succeeds her Husband in his Province and is barbarously murdered by Zenis her Son in Law. Agis dies and Agesilaus succeeds him Cinado's Plot. Agesilau's Expedition into Asia The War breaks out between the Thebans and Lacedemonians Lysander is slain before the Walls of
Letter and to bring along with them from thence a very beautiful Woman which was likely to raise the Affections as well of the Old as younger sort amongst the Lacedemonians Cinado had served the Ephori in the like Capacity before so they gave him a * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 there were two Sticks of an equal bigness one that the States and the other that the General had They wreathed a piece of Leather about the Stick and wrote thwart the Wreaths so that if it fell into the Enemies hands yet they could not read it because they wanted a Stick wherewith to fit it for the Parts of the Letters would not meet exactly together A. Gellius 17. Lib. 9. Chap. private Letter containing the Names of those that were to be taken and asking what men he should take along with him the Ephori commanded him to go to the Eldest Hippagreta There were three of these they commanded Body of chosen Heavy-armed men Crag and order him to send along with him six or seven young men of any that hapned to be there taking care that the Hippagreta should have notice whom to send and that those who were sent should understand they were to seize Cinado telling him they had provided three Carts that they might not bring those they took on foot concealing as far as it was possible that all were to be employed about him only They did not apprehend him in the City for that they knew not the depth of the Plot and designed first to learn of Cinado who were his Confederates before the Conspirators understood it was discovered that they might not fly They that were to apprehend him intended to detain him with them and when they had drawn out of him the Names of the other Conspirators they were to set them down and send an Account thereof to the Ephori with all speed imaginable The Ephori took such great care that they sent a Regiment of Horse with those that were going to Aulon As soon as Cinado was taken a Trooper came with the Names of those he had set down and immediatly they apprehended Tisamenus the Priest and the principal men amongst the Conspirators When Cinado was brought back and tried he confessed all and discovered his Complices so at last they askt him why he did engage himself in such a Design he told them that he might be no worse a man than any Lacedemonian of them all At length they fastned him and his Confederates Neck and Hands in the Stocks whipping them through the Town and goaring them in the Flesh thus they were put to death Soon after Herodas a Syracusian who lived with a Master of a Ship in Phaenicia observing several Phaenician Gallies arrived at other Parts some a fitting there and more a building understood there was a Fleet of 300 Sail to be set out and going on Board the first Ship which went for Greece brought news to the Lacedemonians that the King of Persia and Tissaphernes were equipping such a Fleet though for what Design he was not able to inform them The Lacedemonians were startled at this News and assembled the Confederates to consult what measures they ought to take Lysander supposing the Greeks would be much stronger at Sea and considering how the Army that marcht with Cyrus came off perswaded Agesilaus to engage that in case they should raise him an Army of thirty Spartans two thousand Half-Slaves and six thousand of the Confederates to undertake an Expedition into Asia Besides he intended to accompany Agesilaus himself that they both might restore the Decemvirates which he had established in the Cities and the Ephori supprest and to reinstate them in their Liberty Agesilaus offered his Service and the Lacedemonians granted his Demands with six Months Provisions So having offered the necessary Sacrifices and particularly for a successful Voyage he departed and dispatched Messengers to all the Confederate Towns requiring them to send their respective Quota's of men and repair to the Rendevous intending himself to sacrifice at Aulis There were XI of them Thucyd. Lib. 4. where Agamemnon when he set Sail for Troy had sacrificed But the States of Baeotia having Intelligence of his Design sent a Party of Horse and forbad him to sacrifice any more throwing the Sacrifices they light on off the Altar Agesilaus called the Gods to witness and going on Board his Gally in a heat set Sail arriving at Geraestus where he got together what Forces he possibly could and went with his Fleet to Ephesus When he came thither Tissaphernes sent first to know of him what Business he had there Agesilaus answered him That his Business was to set the Asiatick Towns at Liberty as we says he have done already to those with us in Greece Tissaphernes made answer If you Agesilaus will grant a Cessation of Arms till I can send to the King of Persia I believe you may effect your Business and so return home again I would agree to 't replied Agesilaus but that I think you 'l impose upon me You may assure your self said Tissaphernes that if you perform your part we shall make no attempt upon your Countrey during the Cessation When they had agreed upon these Conditions Tissaphernes swore to Herippidas Dercyllidas Megialius that were deputed to him that he would make a Peace without any Fraud and they again swore to Tissaphernes for Agesilaus that if the latter performed his part the Peace should remain firm on their side But Tissaphernes soon violated his Oath for instead of making Peace he sent to the King of Persia for more Forces yet Agesilaus though he understood his Design kept the Truce Whilst Agesilaus lay still at Ephesus the Governments of the Towns being in Confusion because there neither were Democracies as under the Athenians nor Decemvirates as in Lysander's time All the Cities addrest themselves to Lysander being one they knew and intreated him to negotiate their Business with Agesilaus which drew a great Attendance always after him so that Agesilaus appeared like a private man and Lysander like a King which Agesilaus declared afterwards made him uneasie The rest of the XXX Commissioners moved with Envy forbore not to tell Agesilaus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that Lysander violated the Laws and lookt bigger than a King so that when Lysander introduced any to Agesilaus all whom he understood to be in favour with him he dismist without their Business done When Lysander saw all things went contrary to his desires and perceived how matters were he would not suffer the People to run after him for the future telling those plainly that begged his Assistance that if he should appear in their cause it would fare the worse He resented his disgrace very ill and going to the King said to him Agesilaus Is it one of your Arts to lessen your Friends Yes said he if they be such as would appear greater than my self and I should be ashamed on the other hand if I
was possible supposing that he should dispossess the King of Persia of all the Provinces he left behind him As Agesilaus designed thus with himself Diophantus Archon the Lacedemonians discovering that for certain Money had been sent into Greece and that the most considerable Cities had confederated to make War upon them and apprehending their Republick was in danger and that they were obliged to provide for a New War they accordingly did and sent Epicydidas to Agesilaus who after he arrived related how Affairs stood and that the State had sent Orders for him to come to the assistance of his Countrey Agesilaus hearing this was extraordinarily concerned considering what Honours and Hopes he should thereby be deprived of However he called the Confederates together and communicated to them the State 's Orders declaring that he was necessitated to go to the assistance of his Countrey If things succeed well with us assure your selves said he that I will not forget you but return and do whatever you shall require When they heard this they shed abundance of Tears and resolved with an Universal Consent to accompany Agesilaus and succour Lacedemon and if they met with Success to bring him back again into Asia Whilst they were preparing for the Expedition Agesilaus left Euxenus General with an Army of 400 men to preserve the Towns they were possest of and intended to carry with him a considerable Body of the stoutest men finding that several of the Soldiers were more inclined to stay there than to go and fight against the Greeks He proposed Prizes to those Cities that furnished the best Soldiers and to those Captains of the Mercenaries who came into the Service with a Company of the best appointed either of Heavy-armed men Archers or Targetiers To the Captains of Horse he declared that whosoever brought a Troop the best horsed and armed should have also a Reward telling them he would determine this matter in the Chersonese after he was passed out of Asia into Europe and that they should be sure to chuse select men for this Expedition The Prizes were generally Arms for the Heavy-armed men and Horse neatly made and some Crowns of Gold so that all of them amounted to no less than the value of four Talents 750 l. and though he had been at such Expences yet he provided Arms for his Soldiers Afterwards when he had passed the Hellespont there were chosen Umpires of the Lacedemonians Menascus Herippidas and Orsippus of the Confederates one out of every City As soon as this Arbitration was over Agesilaus marched with his Army the same Way that Xerxes did when he invaded Greece About this time the Ephori raised Forces and the States because Agesipolis was a Minor gave the Command of the Army to Aristodemus the Protector and one of the Royal Family After the Lacedemonians had taken the Field the Enemy assembled together and consulted how they might manage the War to the best advantage Timolaus his Speech Then said Timolaus the Corinthian Gentlemen Methinks the Affairs of the Lacedemonians are like Rivers which being not large near their Springs may be easily forded over but while they continue their course farther the accession of other Waters makes their Stream more rapid Just so are the Lacedemonians for at the Place they set forth they are only themselves but in their Progress they having joyned other Cities become more numerous and are hardly to be grapled with I find too says he that those who would destroy Wasps if they hunt them after they get out of their holes are stung by Swarms of them but if they set fire to them in their Nests then they destroy them and suffer no harm at all themselves Therefore upon these considerations I think it best to give them battel at Lacedemon or if that cannot be yet as near to the Place as is possible This Proposal seeming reasonable they made a Decree accordingly and whilst they debated about the Command in Chief they agreed how many they should draw up in Front lest they should make their Battalions too deep and thereby let the Enemy encompass them The Lacedemonians together with the Tegeans and Mantineans marched out by the Sea side and arrived about the same time at Sicyon that the Corinthians and their Confederates did at Nemea Hereupon the latter made an Impression upon the Lacedemonians near Epiecaea and at first the Enemies Light-armed men darting and throwing from an Eminence did great Execution upon them but the Lacedemonians marching down by the Sea side and taking the way through the Plain destroyed and burnt the Countrey The Enemy went out and encamped by a Brook that ran before their Camp the Lacedemonians advancing within less than ten furlongs off them encamped also and lay still I will now give an Account how strong both Armies were there were drawn together about six thousand of the Lacedemonian Heavy-armed men of the Eleans Triphylians Acrorians and Lasioneans near 3000 of Sicyonians 1500 of Epidaurians Traezenians Hermioneans and Halieans no less than 3000 besides these there were six hundred Lacedemonian Horse supported by three hundred Cretan Archers Of the Marganean Ledrinian Amphidolian Slingers no less than four hundred The Phliasians were not in the Army but pretended there was a Truce These were the Forces of the Lacedemonians The Enemies Army consisted in six thousand Athenian Heavy-armed men and as the report went seven thousand Argives The Boeotians the Orchomenians being not there were but about 5000. the Corinthians three thousand and out of all Euboea three thousand more These were their Heavy-armed men The Boeotian Horse the Orchomenians being not there were about eight hundred the Athenian near six hundred of the Chalcideans that came out of Euboea an hundred of the Locri Opuntij fifty The Light-armed men together with the Corinthians exceeded this number being joyned by the Locri Ozolae the Melieans and Acarnanians These were the Forces on both sides The Boeotians whilst they had the left Wing were not urgent for a Battel but when the Athenians were drawn up against the Lacedemonians and they opposed to the Achaeans in the right they immediately cried out the Sacrifice was auspicious and ordered to make ready for a Battle Here at first they took no care to draw up sixteen in Front but made their Battalion altogether deep nor did they move to the right that they might thereby outwing the Enemy The Athenians followed that they might not be disordered although they understood that they were in danger of being surrounded Hitherto the Lacedemonians did not discover that the Enemy advanced because the Place thereabouts was woody but after they had begun to sing the Paean they then perceived them instantly and commanded all to prepare for fighting and being drawn up in the order the Officers of the Mercenaries had marshalled each Battalion they were commanded to follow their Leader The Lacedemonians advanced towards the right of the Enemy and did so far
Communities and at length all obliged themselves by Oath to confirm the Peace Only the Thebans would ratifie it in the Name of the rest of the Baeotians but Agesilaus refused to accept their Oath unless they would swear according to the Tenour of the Kings Letters which was that the lesser as well as greater Cities should be set free The Theban Ambassadors replyed The Letters were not directed to them Go then said Agesilaus and consult your Masters about it and tell them moreover that if they will not accept these Proposals they shall be excluded the League After their departure Agesilaus out of hatred to the Thebans lost no time but moved the Ephori against them and immediately Sacrificed when having signs of a prosperous Expedition he marcht to Tegea and from thence sent the Horse to the neighbouring places as also the Commanders of the Mercenaries to hasten their Conjunction of the Army But before he moved from Tegea the Thebans arrived and signified that they would restore the Cities to their Liberties Whereupon the Lacedemonians returned home and the Thebans were obliged to make Peace allowing the Baeotian Towns their own Laws Nevertheless the Corinthians did not dismiss their Garison of Argives upon which Agesilaus threatned the one that if they did not discharge the Argives and the others that if they did not quit Corinth he would treat them as Enemies Both being frighted herewith the Armies departed the Town and the City of Corinth was restored to its liberty The Murderers and those that were conscious to themselves that they were concerned in the Massacre departed and the rest of the Citizens very willingly received those formerly banished Hereupon the respective Communities swore to observe the Articles of Peace sent by the King and the Land together with the Naval Forces were disbanded This was the first Peace that was made between the Lacedemonians Athenians and their Allies since the Walls of Athens were demolished And though the Lacedemonians did in a manner ballance the power of the Enemies during the War yet they gained themselves a great deal of Reputation from that called the Antalcidean Peace which the King of Persia Proposed For they being Guarrantees of it restored the Cities to their Liberty made Corinth their Ally and as they formerly desired freed the Boeotian Towns from the Jurisdiction of the Thebans Besides they obliged the Argives to quit their Pretensions to Corinth and decreed to send an Army against them unless they abandoned the Place When Affairs succeeded thus according to their desires Mystichides Archon they resolved to revenge themselves on those Allies who during the War had inclined more to the Interest of the Enemy than theirs and for the future to make such Provision as that it should not lie in their power to prove false First therefore they sent to the Mantineans commanding them to demolish their Walls and telling them that unless they did they could not believe but that they favoured their Enemies adding they had Intelligence that they sent the Argives Provisions who were at War with them and that at other times they would not joyn them but pretended a Truce and when they did they did them but ill Service Moreover they perceived that they envied their Success and were much pleased at any misfortune that befel them Besides the * This Truce was made the XIV year of the Pelopon War Thucyd. Lib. V. Dexitheus Archon XXX years Truce made after the Battel of Mantinea expired this Year The Argives refused to demolish their Walls and thereupon an Army was sent against them Agesilaus requested the States to excuse him this Expedition affirming that the Mantineans had done his Father very good Service in the Messenian War. Hereupon Agesipolis led the Army though his Father Pausanias had a good understanding with the Chief men of Mantinea He entred the Countrey and burnt it but yet when the Mantineans did not demolish their Walls for all this he drew a Line of Circumvallation about the Town carrying on the Works with one half of the Army and defending those that were employed about them with the other After the Lines were finished he encompassed the Town about with a Wall without any loss but when he understood that it was well stored with Provisions the former having been a plentiful Year thinking 't would be an hard case to wear out the Army and Allies with a long Expedition he dammed up a large River that ran through the Town and stopping its course raised it above the Foundations of the Walls and Houses Whereupon the lowermost Bricks being moistned yielded under the uppermost and the Wall cracking leaned upon that the Mantineans propped it up with Wood and made a Work to prevent the Tower from falling But when they saw they were overpowred by the Water fearing the Wall would drop down quite round whereby they should easily fall into the Enemie's hands they consented to demolish it But the Lacedemonians would hearken to no Terms unless they would consent to live in Villages The Mantineans seeing themselves necessitated yielded to their Conditions They that favoured the Argives and Chief men apprehended they should suffer death but Pausanias prevailed with his Son Agesipolis for sixty of them to depart the Town with safe Conduct The Lacedemonians stood on both sides from the Gates with their Pikes to view them as they marcht out and though they hated the Mantineans yet the Private Soldiers forbore them with much more moderation than the Officers of the Mantineans would have done which I have mentioned as a testimony of great Obedience to their Commanders From this time the Walls were pulled down and Mantinea divided into four Parts being inhabited as in former times The People were troubled at first because they were obliged to pull down their Houses and build others anew Yet they became well satisfied with the change being nearer their Estates which lay just by the Villages being governed by an Aristocracy and delivered from the oppressing Demagogues so that when the Lacedemonians sent an Officer to each Village to raise men they came into the Service with more readiness than when they were governed by a Democracy These were the Transactions at Mantinea By which others may learn not to draw Rivers through the Walls of their Cities The Phliasian Exiles observing that the Lacedemonians took an Account of all the Allies bevaviour towards them in the War Olymp. 99. Diotrephes Archon and supposing they had now a fair opportunity in their hands went to Lacedemon and represented that whilst they enjoyed their Countrey their City both received the Lacedemonians and followed them in all their Expeditions But after they were expulst the rest would serve the Lacedemonians in no capacity they of all men being excluded their City When the Ephori heard this they thought it a matter worthy their consideration and sent a Message to the Community of the Phliasians to let them know that the Exiles were well
Enemy first drawn up and the next Day decamped marching the way that leads to Thespiae The Mercenary Targetiers of the Thebans following them very boldly called to Chabrias to keep up close the Olynthian Horse also who according to a Treaty served under the Thebans facing about pursued them to the rise of an Hill and killed a great many for the Hill being easie to be rode up the Horse made the Foot Prisoners on the Ascent Afterwards when Agesilaus came to Thespiae and found the People divided the Lacedemonian Faction giving out that they would put their Adversaries to death one of which was Meno he would not permit it but composed the Differences and made them sware mutually to be Friends From thence he returned over Cithoeron the way that goes to Megara and there having disbanded the Auxiliaries marched home with the Troops of his own Countreymen The Thebans being hard pressed with scarcity of Provisions at this time because they had reaped no Corn for two years together manned two Gallies and sent ten Talents to be expended in Corn at Pagasae 1875 l. But whilst they were buying of their Corn Alcetas the Lacedemonian Governour of Oreum fitted out three Gallies taking particular care that his Design might not be discovered After it was shipped off Alcetas took that and the Gallies and the men being no less than three hundred and put them into the Citadel where he himself quartered They say then that Alcetas had a marvellous handsome Boy of Oreum to wait upon him whose Company he went down from the Citadel to enjoy The Prisoners observing this his carelessness seized the Citadel upon which the Town revolted and the Thebans imported plenty of Corn. In the beginning of the Spring following Hippodamus Archon Agesilaus was confined to his Bed for when he marcht with his Army out of the Thebans Countrey to Megara as he was going out of Venus's Temple into the Senate-house he broke a Vein somewhere or other in his Body and the Blood flowed out from thence into the sound Leg then the calf swelling and the pains growing intollerable a Syracusian Doctor opened a Vein by the Ankle Yet the blood ran Day and Night continually and did not stop do what they could till he swounded and then it stanched From hence he was carried to Lacedemon where he lay sick the rest of the Summer and the Winter following Early in the Spring the Lacedemonians sent out another Army Socratides Archon and gave the Command thereof to Cleombrotus who marched with his Forces to Cithaeron the Targetiers went before to possess themselves of the Places that lay above the Road but a Party of Athenians and Thebans having taken the Hill before them they let them ascend and having gotten them within their power rose up pursued and killed near forty of them After this Action Cleombrotus thinking it impossible to pass into the Thebans Countrey marched back again with his Army and disbanded them At that time the Confederates being assembled at Lacedemon muttered that they were consumed by the War through the negligence of their Generals that they could man out a much stronger Fleet than the Athenians and could starve their City that they could transport an Army in this Fleet into the Countrey of Thebes either at Phocis or Creusis Hereupon they fitted out sixty Sail and made Pollis Admiral Nor were they mistaken in their Measures for the Athenians were blocked up and their Corn Fleet being at Geraestus could not return from thence because the Lacedemonian Fleet lay off of Aegina Ceos and Andros The Athenians considering their own exigencies fitted out a Fleet and engaged with Pollis under the Conduct of Chabrias beat him at Sea and so the Corn was brought into Athens Soon after the Athenians making Preparations to Transport an Army into Boeotia the Thebans entreated them to send another into Peloponnesus supposing if this were done the Lacedemonians would not be able at the same time to defend their own Countrey and their Confederates as also to send a sufficient force against them The Athenians provoked by what Sphodrias had done equipped a Fleet of sixty Sail with great diligence and chose Timotheus their Admiral But the Enemy having neither entred the Thebans Countrey nor Cleombrotus began his march nor Timotheus sailed round Peloponnesus with his Fleet the Thebans vigorously attacked the Neighbouring Towns and retook them In the mean while Timotheus sailed about Peloponnesus and took Corcyra but did not enslave the People nor banish any nor change their Laws whereby he endeared himself to all the adjacent Towns. On the other hand the Lacedemonians set out a Fleet against them appointing Nicholochus their Admiral a very daring sort of man who coming in view of Timotheus's Fleet without any more delay though six of the Ambracians had not joyned him engaged the other sixty six with fifty five of his own and was beaten Thereupon Timotheus erected a Trophy at Aelyzia Afterwards when Timotheus's Gallies were haled up a shore and refitting Nicolochus having joyned the six Ambracians sailed to Aelyzia where he lay and erected a Trophy in the Neighbouring Isles because he came not out Timotheus refitting those Ships he had and equipping more in Corcyra made up above seventy Sail becoming thereby far stronger at Sea and sent to Athens for mony having occasion for large Summs wherewith to maintain so numerous a Fleet. XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB VI. THE CONTENTS Jason made Captain General of Thessaly Mnasippus the Lacedemonian Admiral ruined by his Avarice Iphicrates a Famous General of the Athenians The States of Greece assemble about making a Peace A Peace is made and broken The Battle of Leuctra wherein the Lacedemonians are overthrown by the Thebans Jason is murdered in the height of his Glory The Lacedemonians beg Assistance of the Athenians against the Thebans THE Affairs of the Athenians and Lacedemonians stood thus The Thebans having subdued the Towns of Boeotia carried the War into Phocis whereupon the Phoceans sent Ambassadors to Lacedemon to let them know that if they were not succoured they must necessarily fall into the hands of the Thebans Upon this Message they sent Cleombrotus their King with four Regiments and a Detachment of the Confederates into Phocis Much about this time Polydamas the Pharsalian came out of Thessaly to Lacedemon being esteemed in the other Parts thereof a Person of Honour and Integrity and in his own City was reputed one of that Probity that the Pharsalians in time of Sedition committed the Citadel to his care ordering him to receive the Revenues assigned by Law to be expended on the * The Sacrifices were at the charge of the Publick for the most part and Tâ—eodosius perswades several Heathens to turn Christians because of the costliness of their Religion Suid. in voce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sacrifices and other Publick Affairs Out of that Money he kept the Citadel and gave up his Accounts every
hand the Athenians perceiving their Design sent Timagoras and Leo After they came to Persia Pelopidas ingratiated himself with the King more then all of them for he had to alledge that of all the Greeks the Thebans only assisted the Persians at the Battel of Plataeae and that they made War upon the King at no time after and that the Lacedemonians had employed their Arms against them because they would not joyn with Agesilaus against the King nor suffer him to Sacrifice to Diana at Aulis where Agamemnon Sacrificed before his Voyage to Asia Minor when he took Troy It also contributed much to the Honour of Pelopidas that the Thebans had won the Battel at Leuctra and ravaged Laconia He added also that the Argives and Arcadians were defeated because the Thebans had not assisted them Timagoras the Athenian confirmed all that he said and next to him had the greatest respect Pelopidas being asked by the King what Articles he demanded replyed That Messene should be restored to its Liberty by the Lacedemonians that the Athenians should lay up their Fleet and if they did not comply herewith that War should be declar'd against them and if any Town refused the Service that the same should be first attacked These Articles being drawn and read to the Ambassadors Leo said in the Kings hearing Before God 't is high time to seek another Friend in stead of the King The King being inform'd by the Secretary what the Athenian said brought out the Instrument again adding that if the Athenians knew any thing more equitable they should come and signifie it After the Ambassadors return'd each to their home the Athenians put Timagoras to death being accused by Leo for not making use of the same lodgings with him and for holding Correspondence chiefly with Pelopidas Of the other Ambassadors Archidamus the Elean extolled the King for preferring the Eleans before the Arcadians But Antiochus because the Arcadians Credit was low refused the Presents and reported to the * The States of Arcadia Ten thousand that the King had store of Bakers Cooks Butlers and Porters but for men to fight against Greece tho' he had search'd for such he could find none Besides said he the abundance of Money was only for Ostentation sake and that †An allusion to the Golden Plane-tree presented to Darius by Atys Herod in Pol. Noble Plane-tree of Gold could not with its shadow shelter so much as a Grashopper After the Thebans had summoned all the Towns to come and hear the Kings Articles the Persian that brought them shewed the Kings Seal and read the Contents The Thebans commanded those that intended to make an Alliance with the King and them to ratifie it by Oath The Deputies of the Cities made answer That they were not sent to swear but hear desiring leave of them that if any Oath was required they might first consult their Principals When Lycomedes the Arcadian alledged That they ought not to meet at Thebes but where the Seat of the War was The Thebans were concern'd hereat gave out that he went about to break the League because he would not sit in the Council but departed and drew all the Ambassadors of Arcadia after him The rest resusing the Oath the Thebans sent Ambassadors to every City and exhorted them to swear to the Kings Instrument thinking every City would be fearful of incurring both theirs and the Kings displeasure But they coming first to Corinth met with opposition there the Corinthians telling them that they had no occasion to swear to a League with the King and several other Cities followed their Example Thus the Project of the Thebans and Pelopidas about an Universal Empire came to nothing But again when Epaminondas designed to subdue the Achaeans and thereby render the Arcadians and their Allies more pliant he resolved to march into Achaia and in order thereunto perswaded Pisias General of the Argives to go and possess himself of the Oneum before-hand Pisias understanding that the place was not carefully guarded by Naucles the Commander of the Lacedemonian Mercenaries and Timomachus the Athenian and having seven Days Provision he with two thousand Heavy-armed men took an Hill near Cenchreae by Night In the mean while the Thebans and Allies under the Command of Epaminondas passed the Oneum and entred Achaia The principal men joyned him and he used his Authority so far that they were neither banished nor the Government changed but he took an Engagement from them to be faithful to the Thebans and to serve them in their Wars Upon this he returned home yet the Arcadians and contrary Faction having accused him for having ordered the Government after the Lacedemonian Model the Thebans thought fit to send Governors to the Cities of Achaia who after their Arrival with the help of the People displaced the Nobility and constituted a Democracy The Banished men being many and making a strong Party went speedily to the respective Cities and possessed themselves thereof and after they returned home they stood Neuters no longer but readily joyned with the Lacedemonians The Arcadiaus what on the one side by the Lacedemonians and what on the other side by the Achaeans were reduced to great straits Till this time Sicyon was govern'd by the Achaean Laws Hereupon Euphron having the greatest Interest with the Lacedemonians of any of his Country-men and being desirous to have the same with their Enemies he acquainted the Argives and Arcadians that if the chief men at Sicyon were really possest of the Government the City would soon side with the Lacedemonians again but if a Democracy be set up you know for certain said he that it will remain at your Devotion If therefore you will stand by me I will assemble the People and will engage to keep the City firm to your Alliance This I did before said he being offended at the Arrogance of the Lacedemonians as well as you and desirous to free my self from slavery This taking with the Arcadians and Argives they went to him and he presently assembled the People before them in the Market-place Declaring That the Government should be established upon equal Terms After the people came together he bid them choose whom they pleased for Generals They chose Euphron Hippodamus Cleander Acrisius and Lysander Upon this he gave the Command of the Mercenaries to his Son Adeas and displaced Lisimenes who had it before Soon after Euphron by his Favours obliged several of the Mercenaries to be faithful to him and hired more sparing neither the Publick Treasure nor the Consecrated Money He banished those who inclin'd to the Lacedemonians and seized their Estates murdering some of his Colleagues privately and banishing others whereby he got all into his power and became a profest Tyrant And that the Confederates might connive at him he either brib'd them with money or readily assisted them with the Mercenary Troops when ever they made War and thus all things went according to his mind The Argives
he intended to say or do Instructing and bidding them give present advice upon some matters and deliberate upon others By this Hermocrates got great credit at the Council of War having the reputation of the best Orator and ablest Councellor The same Hermocrates when he accused Tissaphernes at Lacedemon was believed upon his own credit though Astyochus came in as a joynt witness and got money of Pharnabazus when he went to him before he askt it with which he provided Men and Ships for his return to Syracuse In the mean while the Successors of the Syracusian Admirals arrived at Miletus and took the Command both of the Fleet and Army Near the same time a Sedition hapning at Thasus the Lacedemonian Party with their Governour Eteonicus a Lacedemonian was driven out and Pasippidas a Lacedemonian being accused for compassing it by Tissaphernes his help was banisht Sparta Cratesippidas was sent to the Fleet which Passipidas had got together from the Allies and took the Command of it at Chius It hapned that whilst Thrasylus was at Athens Agis came out of Decelea to forage and advanc't as far as the very Walls of the place Whereupon Thrasylus marching out with the Athenians and all the Forreigners that were in the City drew up in Battalia beside the Lyceum A School in which Aristotle taught and resolved to sight him if he advanc't any farther When Agis saw that he retreated hastily and lost some of his Rear that were cut off by the Light-arm'd men This Action made the Athenians more favourable to Thrasylus in the Affair he came about insomuch that they decreed he should raise a thousand Heavy armed men a hundred Horse and set out fifty Gallies Agis discovering from Decelea a Fleet of Corn Ships * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Port Town to Athens joyned to the City by two long walls running up the †Piraeus cried it was in vain for him to spend so much time in blocking up the Athenians by Land unless their Provisions were cut off that came by Sea so that it would be the best way to send Clearchus the Son of Ramphius the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 One that took care of Strangers and Embassadors to provide them reception hereby contracting an intimacy with those they entertain'd and so becoming the sitter Persons for Embassadors Pollux Publick Host of the Byzantines to Chalcedon and Byzantium This advice being opproved of he parted with fifteen Sail fitted out by the Megareans and other Confederates that were Ships fitter for †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 are opposed to 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that are used for Men of War the other being made to transport Soldiers in and to be Tenders to the Fleet. Burthen than Service Three of which were destroyed in the Hellespont by the nine Athenian Guard-Ships that continually observed what Ships passed that way the rest fled to Sestos and got safe from thence to Byzantium XXIII Year of the War. Diocles Archon Thus the year ended wherein the Carthaginians under Hannibal their General invaded Sicily with an Army of an hundred thousand men and took in three Months time Selinus and Himera two Cities that were Greek Colonies The Year following * Which was the 93 Olympiad in which Evagoras the Elean was Victor with the Chariot added by Alemaeon Eubotas the Cyrenean won the foot Race Evarchippus was Ephorus of Sparta and Euctemon Archon of Athens vid. the end of the seventh Book the Athenians fortified Thoricus and Thrasylus taking the Ships that were ordered him armed five thousand Sea-men with Targets that they might serve for Targetiers as he saw occasion and parted for Samos the beginning of Summer where having stayd three days he sailed from thence to Pygela Here he destroyed the Countrey and made an attempt upon the Town Where some from Miletus coming to assist the Pygeleans persued the Straglers of the Athenian Light-armed men but the Targetiers and two Companies of Heavy-armed men succouring their Light-armed killed most of the Milesians and taking about two hundred Shields erected a Trophy The day after they sailed to Notium and there having made preparations for their Voyage went to Colophon the People whereof came over to them and the same Night they fell into Lydia when the Corn was ripe burning several Villages and got many Slaves and a very great Booty Stages the Persian being in those Parts and assisted by a Body of Horse took one of their men Prisoner and killed seven more the Athenians in the mean while being stragled from their Camp and every one intent upon his own Spoyl Afterwards Thrasylus marcht off with his men to the Sea-side and made shew as if he would sail to Ephesus but Tissaphernes suspecting his Design drew a strong Body of men together and sent away the Horse commanding them all to go to Ephesus and protect the Goddess Diana The 17 Day after this Incursion Thrasylus sailed to Ephesus and landed his Heavy-armed men at Coressus but the Horse Targetiers Sea-men and all the rest of his Forces he landed at the Marsh on the other side of the Town and advanc't by break of day with his Army in two Bodies On the other hand the People of Ephesus the Auxiliaries commanded by Tissaphernes the Syracusians from on board the first twenty Ships those also from on board the other five that lately arrived with the Admirals Eucles the Son of Hippo and Heraclides the Son of Aristogenes and the two Selinuntians uniting all their Forces against the Enemy set first upon the Heavy-armed men at Coressus Where having killed about an hundred they routed and persued the rest to the Sea-side and afterwards turned upon those that were posted at the Marsh Here also the Athenians fled and near three hundred of them were destroyed for which the Ephesians erected a Trophy at each place and gave Rewards both from the Publick and from private hands to several Syracusians and Selinuntians that had behaved themselves with bravery as also Immunities from Taxes for ever to any of their Countrey that would live amongst them and gave the Selinuntians freedom of their City in consideration that they had lost their Countrey The Athenians made Truce to fetch off their slain and sailed to Notium where they buried them and so went to Lesbos and the Hellespont As they were going into Port at Mithymna in Lesbos they discovered twenty five Sail of Syracusians passing by from Ephesus and bearing up to them they took four men and all and chased the rest to Ephesus Thrasylus sent all the Prisoners to Athens but ston'd Alcibiades the Athenian Cousin to his Namesake and Companion in Exile From thence he sailed to the rest of the Fleet at Sestos and there transported the whole Army to Lampsacus Now the Winter was coming on wherein the Syracusian Prisoners that were kept in the Piraean Quarries digging through the Rock and making their escape by Night got some to Decelea and the rest
unsuccessful Don't mistake that fatal necessity and call it Treason in them which was want of Power for the Storm disabled them from performing what they were commanded 'T will be greater Justice to honour them with Garlands than to follow the advice of ill men and put them to death When Euriptolemus had made an end he brought in a Bill that each of the Prisoners should be tried severally according to the Statute of Canonus but the Resolve of the Senate was that they should be all tried by one Suffrage when they put it to the Vote at first it was carried for Euryptolemus his Opinion but Menecles entring his Protestation and it being voted again the Resolve of the Senate was ratified Upon this eight of the Admirals that engaged were condemned whereof six that were at home suffered Not long after the Athenians repented of what they had done and decreed that those who had abused the People should be proceeded against and give bail to stand their Trial and that Callixenus should be one of these Four others were likewise charged and delivered up by their Bail. But afterwards they made their escape before Trial in the Riot wherin Cleophon was killed and Callixenus being generally hated was starved to death in his 〈◊〉 Return with the rest from the Piraeus to the City XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB II. THE CONTENTS Eteonicus prevents the Conspiracy of his Soldiers Lysander surprizes the Athenian Fleet at Aegospotamos Athens besieged and taken by Lysander The thirty Tyrants set up Thrasybulus expels them THe Soldiers that were with Eteonicus in Chius lived all Summer time upon the ripe Fruits and wrought in the Countrey for Wages But when Winter came and they had no Provisions but were naked and barefoot they met together and deliberated about seizing Chius Those that liked the Design determined to wear a Reed that they might discern how strong their Party was Eteonicus when he heard of the Conspiracy was at a stand not knowing how to comport himself in this Affair because there was so great a number of * Like our Green Ribband men Reedmen For it seemed dangerous to call them openly to an Account lest turning Enemies aad taking up Arms they should possess themselves of the City and when they had prevailed put all things in confusion Besides he considered that it would be an horrid thing to destroy so many of the Confederates that he should thereby incur the Obloquy of the rest of the Greeks and render the Army disaffected to the Service Whereupon taking along with him fifteen men armed with Daggers he walkt through the Town and meeting with a man that had sore eyes coming out of a Surgeon's Shop he killed him A disturbance hap'ning upon 't and some asking for what the man was killed Eteonicus commanded them to inform them that it was for wearing a Reed Whereupon as soon as the Order was given out all that wore Reeds threw them away every one that heard it searing he should not convey them away soon enough Afterwards Eteonicus assembled the Chians and commanded them to raise money that the Sea-men might receive their Wages and be kept from engaging in any new Conspiracy When they had made a Contribution he commanded his men on board and going on board every Ship himself encouraged and heartned them up dissembling the loss the Lacedemonians had sustained at Arginusae and gave them a Months pay a man. A while after the Chians and the rest of the Confederates assembled at Ephesus and consulted about sending Ambassadors to Lacedemon to give an account of the present Juncture of Affairs and to desire that Lysander might be Admiral who had gained great reputation amongst the Consederates the last time he was Admiral by the Victory he obtained in the Sea-fight at Notium Accordingly there were Ambassadors dispatcht and Messengers from Cyrus in company with them upon the same Errand The Lacedemonians granted that Lysander should be Vice-Admiral but appointed Aracus Admiral for their Law does not allow that the same Person should have that Command twice The Fleet was delivered up to Lysander at the end of the twenty sixth Year of the War. The same Year Cyrus killed Antoboesaces and Mitraeus the Sons of Darius his Sister Daughter to Xerxes who was Father to Darius for keeping their hands within their sleeve when they met him which respect the Persians pay to their King only The sleeve reaches somewhat below the hand Like the Custom of being led in to the Grand Seignior so that nobody can do any mischief whiles he keeps his hand within it Hieramenes and his Wife represented to Darius how horrid a thing it would be to connive at so great an Insolency Thereupon the King feigned himself sick and dispatcht Messengers for Cyrus to come up to him The next Year Lysander came to Ephesus XXVII Year of the Pelop. War Alexius Archon When Archylas was Ephorus and Alexius Archon at Athens and sent for Eteonicus with the Fleet from Chius getting the rest together from all Parts He not only refitted these Ships but built more at Antandrus and went to demand money of Cyrus who told him that he had disburst all he had from the King with a great deal more and shew'd him what every Admiral had received notwithstanding he gave him some Lysander taking the mony appointed Captains of Gallies and pay'd the Sea-men their Wages In like manner the Athenian Admirals equipped their Fleet at Samos About this time Cyrus upon the arrival of a Messenger from his Father sent for Lysander telling him that his Father was sick and that he had commanded him to come to him though he was marcht at that time to Thamneria in Media not far from the Cadusii that were Borderers and had made a defection being gone thither to reduce them When Lysander came Cyrus would not yield that he should fight the Athenians by Sea unless he were much Superiour to them in Shipping Telling him moreover that the King and he had money enough to equip a powerful Fleet for such a Design Afterwards he consigned him the Tribute of the Cities that belonged to himself and what money could be spared besides professing withal the kindness he had for the Lacedemonians but in particular for Lysander and so went up to his Father When Cyrus had delivered him all his Concerns and was entred on his Journey towards his sick Father that had sent for him Lysander paid off the Army and set sail to Ceramicus a Bay in Caria There he attackt a Town in League with the Athenians called Cedraeae and the day after taking it by Storm made Slaves of the Inhabitants who were half Barbarians and from thence he parted for Rhodes The Athenians setting out of Samos harrassed the King of Persia's Countrey going also against Chius and Ephesus and when they had chosen Menander Tydeus and Cephisodotus besides those Admirals that were already in Commission they made preparations
the Greeks that followed the Camp to stragle for pillage killed several of them Which Agesilaus perceiving commanded the Horse to go and relieve them but the Persians seeing Succours come drew up in a close Body and faced them with all their Troops Agesilaus understanding that the Enemies Foot were not yet come up thought it was a fit opportunity to fight if he could thereupon he sacrificed and forthwith leading his Phalanx against the Enemies Horse that confronted him he commanded out all those that were ten years past man's Estate to charge with full speed the Targetiers to follow on running after which he commanded the Horse to fall on making as if he would second them with the whole Army The Persians received the Horse but afterwards a terrible face of things appearing they gave Ground and immediately some of them fell into the River others fled and the Greeks pressing them hard took their Camp the Targetiers as it is usual falling to the Spoil Agesilaus encompast as well those things that belonged to Friends as Enemies with his Army and took abundance of Riches which amounted to above seventy Talents 13125 l. besides some Camels which he afterwards sent into Greece At the time of this fight Tissaphernes hapned to be at Sardes which occasioned the Persians to say that they were betrayed by him and the King supposing Tissaphernes was the cause of these miscarriages sent Tithraustes to take off his Head which he executed and dispatcht Ambassadors to Agesilaus with these Instructions Agesilaus the Authour of all your Troubles and ours too is brought to Justice the King of Persia requires you to march home with your Army and the Asiatick Cities shall be restored to their Liberty they paying him the accustomed Tribute Agesilaus made answer That he could act nothing without Orders from the Magistrates at home Then said Tithraustes seeing I have taken off your Enemy do you retreat into Pharnabazus his Government till you hear farther from home Agesilaus replied give me then Provisions for my Army till I arrive thither So Tithraustes gave him thirty Talents 5625 l. which he took and marcht with his Army into Phrygia the Government of Pharnabazus and being in the Plain beyond Cyma there came to him a Messenger from the Magistrates at home with a Commission to be Generalissimo both at Sea and Land as also to nominate whom he would for Admiral which the Lacedemonians did for this reason because if one commanded all the Forces would be united whereby both the Land Army and the Fleet would be strengthened by their mutual Assistance wherever there was occasion As soon as Agesilaus received this Commission he in the first place ordered the Islands and Maritine Towns to Equip as many Gallies as they thought fit There were an hundred and twenty sail of Ships new built part of which the Towns had promised and the rest some private Persons out of respect to him had furnished He appointed Admiral Pisander his Wive's Brother an ambitious and daring man yet unfit to discharge so weighty an Employment who parting from the Camp went to take care of the Naval Affairs and Agesilaus accordingly as he had designed passed into Phrygia Tithraustes seeming to apprehend that Agesilaus contemned the Forces of the King of Persia and had no thoughts in the least of drawing his Troops out of Asia but rather entertained great hopes of ruining the King and not knowing what measures to take sent Timocrates the Rhodian into Greece giving him as much Gold as amounted to about fifty Talents of Silver 9375 l. instructing him to use his endeavours and taking good security to distribute it amongst the leading men of the Cities on Condition that they would make War upon the Lacedemonians He went into Greece and at Thebes gave some of the Money to Androclides Ismenias and Galaxidorus at Corinth to Timolaus and Polyanthes at Argos to Cyclo and his Party the Athenians though they had no share of the Gold yet were eager for War thinking the Command in Chief belonged to them They that received the Money talkt against the Lacedemonians in their respective Cities and rendring them odious to the People stirred up the most considerable Commonwealths to consederate against them But the Chief of the Thebans knowing the Lacedemonians would not break the League made with the Allies War between the Lacedemonians and Thebans unless some others were the Aggressors perswaded the Locri Opuntii to pay Tribute out of a Country that was in dispute betwixt the Thebans and Phocaeans imagining if such a thing were done the Phocaeans would fall into Locris Nor were they mistaken for the Phocaeans made an inroad into Locris and took a great Spoyl thereupon Androclides and his Party prevailed with the Thebans to assist the Locrians as though the Enemy had not invaded a Countrey which was in Controversie but confessed on all Hands to be in Amity with them On the other hand the Thebans fell into Phocis and destroyed it upon which the Phocaeans sent Ambassadors to Lacedaemon desiring Assistance from them making it appear that they did not begin the War but only revenged their Injuries The Lacedemonians willingly embraced this opportunity of employing their Arms against the Thebans provoked by them before for siezing Apollo's Tenths at Decelea and for not seconding the Lacedemonians in their attempt upon the Piraeus complaining of them also for disswading the Corinthians from joyning with them calling also to mind their denying Agesilaus to sacrifice at Aulis and their throwing his Sacrifice off the Altar And for that they did not assist Agesilaus in his Expedition into Asia Thereupon they thought they had a fair opportunity to undertake a War against them and repress their insolency For their Affairs succeeded well in Asia Agesilaus having carried all before him nor was there any War in Greece that could give them a diversion on that side This being the sence of the Lacedemonian Republick the Ephori ordered a Levy to be made and sent Lysander to the Phocaeans with Orders to bring their Forces as also for the rest to assemble at Haliartus Oeteans Heracleans Melians and Aenians where Pausanias who was to Command in Chief had appointed the Troops of the Lacedemonians and other Peloponesians to Rendevous at a set day Lysander not only observed his Orders but brought over the Orchomenians also from the Thebans Pausanias after he had obtained a successful Sacrifice for his Voyage remained at Tegea and sent the Officers of the Mercenaries before being in expectation of the Troops from the Adjacent Places When the Thebans received Intelligence that the Lacedemonians were entred their Countrey they sent Ambassadors to Athens with this Message The Oration of the Theban Ambassadoes at Athens Ye complained of us My Lords of Athens for passing a severe Sentence against you towards the end of the Peloponesian War but this your Complaint was groundless For it was not the Decree of our Government but
were all those that ran together and by that time they came within a Pikes length they routed those that confronted them Nor did the Argives stand Agesilaus's men but fled to Helicon here when some of the Mercenaries were already setting a Garland upon Agesilaus's head advice came that the Thebans had beaten the Orchomenians and made their way to the Baggage thereupon he moved with his Battalion and marched towards them The Thebans seeing their Companions fled and desirous to make their escape to them got together in a Body and retired with diligence Now without all Controversie we may allow Agesilaus to be a man of great courage though here he took not the safest course for he might have let those that retreated have passed him and in the pursuit have cut off their Rear though he did not so but faced the Thebans and fell upon their Front. So they engaged and clashing their Bucklers together fought slew and were slain at last some of the Thebans escaped to Helicon and several in their Retreat were killed Afterwards when Agesilaus having gotten the Victory was brought wounded to his Battalion some of the Horse went and told him that there were about eighty of the Enemy with their Arms in the Temple of Minerva Itonia and demanded what should be done with them He though he had received several Wounds did not forget the Priviledges of Sanctuary but commanded to let them go whither they would and suffered none to injure them Then because it was late they supped and reposed themselves and in the Morning he commanded Gylis a Colonel to draw up the Army to erect a Trophy to crown all with Garlands in Honour of the Goddess the Pipers were also ordered to play which was done accordingly The Thebans sent Heralds to desire a Truce that they might fetch off their slain which was granted Agesilaus went to offer the tenth of the Spoil to Apollo at Delphos 18750 lib. which was not less than an hundred Talents Gylis the Colonel marcht with the Army into Phocis and there fell into Locris the day after the Soldiers plundered the Villages and took away both Goods and Provisions but towards the Evening as the Lacedemonians retreated the Locri pursued and galled them with their Lances and Javelins The Lacedemonians facing about and following them killed some and after that they fell no more upon their Rear but shot at them from the Eminencies The Lacedemonians tried to drive them through the Precipices but as it grew dark they by the reason of the difficult Pass were killed in their Retreat some because they could not see before them and others perished by the Shot There Gylis and some of his Seconds fell Veget. calls these Adsites with eighteen Soldiers in all some being knocked on the head with Stones and others dying of their Wounds so that if several that were at Supper in the Camp had not succoured them they had all been in danger to be cut off After the Soldiers were sent home to their several Cities Eubulides Archon Agesilaus returned to Lacedemon by Sea At the same time the War was carried on by the Confederates who made Excursions from Corinth Argives Boeotians Athenians against the Lacedemonians and their Allies who made Sicyon the Seat of the War. The Corinthians seeing their Countrey destroyed their Subjects consumed by the War and exposed to the Violence of the Enemy when the rest of the Confederates were free from Depredations and enjoyed their own Estates the Generality especially the Principal men desiring Peace conferred together and disposed one another thereto But when those of the Confederates who had received money from the King and were the greatest Promoters of the War considered that the City would go near to take part with the Lacedemonians if they took not off those who were inclined to Peace they resolved upon a Massacre And at the first they engaged in a most horrid and bloody Design for whereas none though condemned to die are executed in the Feast Euclea There was a Temple in honour of Diana Euclea in Boeotia and another in Attica and I suppose the Feast here might be called from thence vide Paus yet they fixt upon the last day thereof for this Slaughter because they thought that then they should catch most in the Market-place So when the Conspirators had notice whom to kill they drew their Swords and cut some in pieces as they stood talking together others as they were sitting some in the Play-house and the Judge upon the Bench. As soon as the Design was known some of the Principal men fled immediately to the Images in the Market-place and others to the Altars but both the Murderers and those who set them on being eminently wicked and void of all sense of humanity butchered them in the Holy Places Insomuch that some good men who were not to be massacred were exceedingly afflicted to behold such barbarous Villainies Several of the Old men being at that time in the Market-place were killed but the Young men Pasimelus having some suspicion of it remained in the Artillery Ground till the Cry was heard when some escaping the Slaughter came thither and running from thence into the Tower they repulsed the Argives with the rest that attacked them Whilst they were consulting what to do the Capital of a Pillar fell down though there was neither Earthquake nor Wind stirring and when they sacrificed the Entrails were such that the Priests signified it would be their safest way to depart out of the Place So they at first like men going into Exile forsook their Countrey Corinth but when their Friends Relations and some of the Magistrates came to them entreating and promising them upon their Oaths that they should live at home in security several returned back again Yet when they saw them play the Tyrants and that their Country was ruined being called Argos instead of Corinth their Boundaries pulled down and themselves forced to be made Denizons of the former which they had no occasion to be and of less Power in their own Countrey than Foreigners Some of them thinking this kind of Life not to be born endeavoured to reduce Corinth to such a condition as it had been formerly in and by restoring it to its Liberty and wholesome Laws to purge it from Murderers which if they were able to effect they should be called the Saviours of it and if they could not yet they having aimed at the noblest and greatest of Designs shall obtain a glorious Death Whereupon two men only Pasimelus and Alcimenes attempted it and passed a Brook to meet Praxitas a Lacedemonian Colonel who at that time was with his Regiment in Garison at Sicyon they acquainted him that they could let him into the Town the way that leads to the Lechaeum Praxitas knowing them formerly to be trusty men gave credit to what they said and procuring the Regiment which was marching out of Sicyon to continue there contrived how
he might convey himself into the Town The men by their own diligence had the good fortune to keep those Gates where the Trophy was erected Praxitas coming thither with his Regiment as also the Sicyonians and Corinthian Fugitives and being near the Walls feared to enter but determined to send in a trusty Fellow to see how Affairs stood within the City The two men Pasimelus and Alcimenes shewed them all things so much to the their satisfaction that he which went in with them reported that every thing was without fraud according to the account the men had given Soon after Praxitas entred the City and when he saw his Party after they were drawn up to be weak by reason of the distance of the Walls one from another the Soldiers made a Palisado and a Trench such an one as they could till their Confederates came with Succours for they had behind them in the Porta Garison of Boeotians The next day after the Night that they entred the City there was no Skirmish the day following the Argives coming with their whole Power against them found the Lacedemonians in the right the Sicyonians and an hundred and fifty Corinthian Exiles next them The Enemy confronted them at the Eastern Part of the Wall next to which were Philocrates and his Mercenaries just by them the Argives and the Townsmen of Corinth in the left The Argives being confident of their Numbers charged the Enemy and beat the Sicyonians ruined their Palisado and pursued them to the Sea where they killed several of them Pasimachus Colonel of the Horse though he had but a small Party when he saw the Sicyonians hard prest yet he commanded his men to tie their Horses to the Trees and take Sicyonian Bucklers and afterwards getting a Body of men together fell upon the Argives The latter seeing the * The Greeks had the first Letter of their respective Countries upon their Bucklers as the Argives A. the Sicyonians S. Sigma's on their Bucklers supposed they had been Sicyonians and therefore did not fear them in the least Then Pasimachus is reported to have said In good Faith these Sigma's will deceive you and giving the charge he fought with an handful against great Numbers till both himself and those about him were killed The Corinthian Exiles beat those that they engaged with and gained the upper Ground whereupon they advanced to the Wall of the Town The Lacedemonians being possessed of the Palisado on the left when they perceived the Sicyonians were beaten came out to their Relief But when the Argives saw them in the Rear they turned their backs and fled confusedly out of their Works and those likewise in the Rear of the right were flanked and cut in pieces by them but they who were by the Wall run back to the Town in great disorder yet meeting with the Exiles and perceiving them to be Enemies they gave back again where some mounting the Walls leaped down and perished others being close pursued to the Ladders were wounded and killed Several were trodden to death by the Crowd so that the Lacedemonians had choice of men to slay At that time Providence put such an opportunity into their hands as they themselves durst not have prayed for For who would not esteem it Providence that an handful of men should destroy a Multitude being struck with a Panick fear amazed exposed none of them offering to turn again and all contributing something or other to their own destruction In a little compass of time a great many were slain so that as usually one sees heaps of Corn Wood or Stones here you might see heaps of Carkasses Some of the Baeotian Garison were killed in the Port others upon the Walls and some upon the covering of the Docks Soon after the Corinthians and Argives made a Truce and fetcht off their slain When the Lacedemonian Confederates came with Succors Praxitas got his men together and resolved to throw down the Wall that the Army might enter at the Breach and marching with his Forces the way that leads to Megara he attacked Sidus and took that and Crommyo in which Towns he left Garisons and in his Return fortified Epiecaea because it being near an Allie's Countrey might serve the Confederates for a Place of Defence After that he disbanded the Army and went to Lacedemon From this time no considerable Expeditions were undertaken only the Cities sent recruits to Corinth and Sicyon to defend those Places but both sides having a great many Mercenaries they carried on the War very vigorously with these At the same time Iphicrates going to make an attempt upon Phlius with his small Forces made Excursions but those of the Town being not careful to relieve their men he killed so many of them that the Phliasians who before would not receive the Lacedemonians into their City fearing they would restore those Exiles that pretended to be banished for adhering to their Interest were now so frighted at these Athenians who were at Corinth that they sent to the Lacedemonians and put the Town and Citadel under their Protection However though the Lacedemonians had a regard to the Exiles yet they made no mention of recalling them home as long as they were possest of Phlius But quitted the Place as soon as the People began to come to themselves and restored them their Laws and Government in the same condition they found them Iphicrates Soldiers making frequent Incursions into Arcadia harassed it and attacked their fortified Places for the Arcadian heavy-armed men durst never look them in the face without their walls such a terror were these Targetiers to them And these Targetiers did so dread the Lacedemonian Heavy-armed men that they would not come within reach of their Lances For once the Lacedemonians took and killed several of them in a Pursuit and the Lacedemonians who before despised those Targetiers did now much more contemn their own Confederates because once when the Mantineans came to relieve their own men and attacked the Targetiers the latter threw their Javelins at them from off the Wall that reaches towards Lechaeum and making them give back pursued and slew several of them So that the Lacedemonians jeared their Confederates for being as much afraid of the Targetiers as Children are of Bugbears The Lacedemonians and Corinthian Exiles marching out of the Lechaeum invested the City of Corinth On the contrary the Athenians dreading the Power of the Lacedemonians and fearing they would come upon them with their whole Forces by the Long-walls which Praxitas had demolished thought it necessary to rebuild part of them In order thereto they came with abundance of Masons and Carpenters and within a few days time completely rebuilt that part of the Wall which looked towards Sicyon and the West but that toward the East they finished more at leisure In the mean while the Lacedemonians observing that the Argives lived at home in Plenty Demostratus Archon and were mightily taken with the War undertook an
affected to the Republick of the Lacedemonians and that they were unjustly banished as also to desire that they might be restored with their Consent and not by Force This put the Phliasians in a fear lest some in the Town should let in the Lacedemonians if they appeared before it with an Army Moreover apprehending that there were several of the Exile's Relations in the Town with others that favoured their Party and as in most Republicks some young men disposed to a change and for recalling the banished men they decreed that the Exiles should be readmitted and such of their Goods restored as were not sold and those that were should be made good out of the Publick Treasury and if any Controversie should arise amongst them it should be decided by Law. Thus the Affair about the Phliasian Exiles was adjusted at that time Soon after there came Ambassadors to Lacedemon from Acanthus and Apollonia which were the greatest Cities near Olynthus When the Ephori understood their Errand they introduced them to the Assembly and Confederates where Cligenes the Acanthian made this Speech I suppose My Lords of Lacedemon Clygenes's Speech and you the Allies that there is now a growing Mischief in Greece of which you have not yet taken notice Most of you know that Olynthus is the greatest City in Thrace the Inhabitants whereof have drawn some Towns into their Alliance upon Terms to enjoy the same Laws and live in the same Community They have united some of the more considerable Cities and attempted to wrest the Macedonian Towns from the Allegiance of Amyntas their King Vpon the coming in of the Neighbouring Places they soon proceeded to those more remote and bigger Amongst several other Cities we left them possest of Pella which is far the greatest of any in Macedon Since we understand that Amyntas abandons his Towns and may be said to be only not dispossest of all his Countrey The Olynthians sent to us and the Apollonians a threatning Message how that if we joyned them not they would turn their Arms upon us We desire My Lords to enjoy our own Laws and live under our own Government but if none will assist us we must of necessity associate They have no less than eight hundred Heavy-armed men of Targetiers a greater number and if we joyn with them they will make above a thousand Horse Besides we left the Athenian and Boeotian Ambassadors there and we heard that the Olynthians had decreed to send theirs to treat of a League Offensive and Defensive with these Confederate Cities if therefore the Athenians and Thebans gain such an Accession of Strength beware they prove not too many for you Moreover seeing they are possessed of Potidaea on the Isthmus of Pallene it 's certain that those Towns which are within it will fall into their hands The Consternation those Cities are in may be a sufficient Demonstration thereof who though they bear an inveterate hatred to the Olynthians yet durst not send their Ambassadors with us to represent the State of their Affairs Again consider with your selves how can you in probability prevent all Boeotia from Associating when you regard not the Conjunction of a greater force that gathers strength so fast both by Sea and Land. What can hinder them they have Timber enough in their own Countrey for Shipping They can't want Money for they have Customs from their Ports and Towns of Mart their Plenty also makes them Populous Besides all this the Thracians who are their Neighbours and not under a Kingly Government do now caress them And if they be subdued by them this also will be a formidable addition to their Power and if all these Designs succeed the Gold Mines at Pangaeus must of necessity follow I 'll mention nothing now but what is the common talk of the Town What need I tell you of their haughty Minds their Spirit and Ambition who can express Perhaps God and Nature have so contrived man that as our Fortune so our aspiring Humor should also rise We My Lords have faithfully represented to you the State of Affairs and now 't is your part to consider whether they be worthy your regard or not This I must not forget to tell you too that their Power indeed is great yet it is not so formidable as you need fear to grapple with The Towns which were forct into the Confederacy when they see a Power on foot will soon fly off again But if once they be linkt together with inter-marriages and Commerce which they have made a Law to encourage and shall apprehend how advantagious it is to follow the Victor as the Arcadians who whilst they sided with you both saved themselves and plundered others perhaps it will be no easie matter to dissolve their Vnion After this Speech Phanostratus Archon the Lacedemonians gave the Confederates leave to speak exhorting every one of them to offer what they thought would be most adviseable in this Conjuncture for the Peloponnesians and Allies Thereupon several proposed a War especially those that would ingratiate with the Lacedemonians so it was resolved to send to the respective Cities a list of ten thousand men to be raised 'T was debated too that those Towns which would contribute Money instead of men might 6 d. ¼ provided they paid three Aeginean Oboli for each man and that if any set out Horse each Trooper should have the pay of four Heavy-armed men Moreover if any of the Towns declined the Service it should be lawful for the Lacedemonians to mulct them one Stater a day for every man. 15 s. 7 d. ob After they had thus resolved the Acanthians rose up again and shewed that these were good Decrees yet could not be quickly put in Execution Declaring it would be better whilst these Levies were making that a General and what Forces could be raised on a suddain in Lacedemon and other Places should march forthwith for hereby those Cities which were not yet associated would remain firm and such as were forced into the Alliance would be colder in their Assistance This being agreed on the Lacedemonians sent out about two thousand of the Half-Slaves Neighbouring People A Band of chosen men which fought by the King Diod. Sic. â—ib XV. and Sciritae Eudamidas when he began his march entreated the Ephori that his Brother Phoebidas should assemble the Forces he had raised but left behind and follow him When he arrived in Thrace he sent Garisons to those Towns which desired them and took Potidaea one of the Associated Towns upon surrender This place he made the Seat of War and managed it as well as could be expected from the small force he had In the mean while Phaebidas assembling the Forces that Eudamidas left behind marched with them and when he arrived at Thebes he encamped without the City by the Artillery ground At that time Ismenias and Leontiades being chief * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 There were two of
first to consult their Allies about it being willing to make peace with those that desired it and to let those who preferred War to have a War. The Thebans giving their consent the Corinthians went to Lacedemon and there delivered themselves after this manner My Lords of Lacedemon The Corinthians Speech to the Lacedemonians We your Allies are come hither requiring you that if you have any prospect of success by continuing the War to inform us thereof but if your Affairs be reduced to extremity it will be for your Interest as well as ours to make a Peace There is no Nation in the World that we had rather be secure with than with yours But if you think War can be advantageous to you we desire you to give us the liberty of making peace for our selves If we be preserv'd we may at a seasonable time assist you but if we be now ruined we can never be serviceable to you hereafter The Lacedemonians hearing this advised the Corinthians to make peace and permitted the other Allies that were not disposed to carry on the War to sit still declaring as for themselves they would hold out and submit to Providence But to part with Messene which they had received from their Ancestors they would yield to never Thereupon the Corinthians went to Thebes for Peace The Thebans required them to make a League offensive and defensive to which the Corinthians made answer That such a League was not a Peace but an Exchange of the War however if they thought good they were willing to make one upon equal Terms The Thebans admiring them because they would not be ungrateful to their Benefactors tho they were exposed to danger granted them the Phliasians and the rest that came with them a Peace upon condition that every one should possess their own and on these terms it was ratified The Phliasians immediately upon conclusion of the Treaty quitted Thyamia but the Argives tho they had sworn to the Peace being not able to procure the same Freedom for the Phliasian Exiles in Tricranum as in their own City possess'd themselves of Thyamia and placed a Garrison there alledging the Territory belong'd to them tho a little before they had destroyed it in an hostile manner and when the Phliasians demanded Justice they denyed it them Much about this time Chion Archon Dionysius the elder died and his Son sent twelve Gallies commanded by Timocrates to aid the Lacedemonians who after he arrived assisted them in the taking of Sellasia and then returned home again Not long after the Eleans took Lasio which formerly belonged to them but at that time it was under the jurisdiction of the Arcadians The Arcadians neglected it not but immediately assembled their Forces together and took the Field against whom the Eleans came out first with four hundred Men and then with three hundred more encamping all the day in a Plain In the night the Arcadians march'd up to the top of an Hill that over-looked the Eleans and came down upon them by break of day The Eleans seeing that they were stronger and march'd from the higher Ground were yet ashamed for some time to decamp but the Arcadians attacking them at last they scarce came to handy-blows before they fled and lost a great many Men and Arms in their Retreat through the strait Passes After this Action the Arcadians attacked the Towns of the Acrorians and having taken all but Thraustus passed on to Olympia where making a Trench about Saturn's Temple they put in a Garrison there and possess'd themselves of Mount Olympus Then they took Margana upon surrender The Eleans were wholly dejected at this success of their Enemies The Arcadians also came up to the very City and advanced as far as the Market-place where the Elean Horse and some others beside encountring them beat them them out and having killed some of them erected a Trophy Sometime before this there were Divisions at Elis for the Faction of Charopus Thrasonidas and Argeus brought in a Democracy and that of Stalcas Hippias and Stratolas an Oligarchy But the Arcadians having a great power and inclining to those who were for a Democracy Charopus's Party thereby became bolder agreeing with the Arcadians to assist them and surprise the Cittadel The Horse and the three hundred Foot observing them march'd up thither and beat them out so that Argeus and Charopus with about four hundred more were banished Not long after being supported by a Body of Arcadians they took Pylus to which place there had been a Concourse of People from the City as being wealthy and having so powerful assistance from the Arcadians who afterwards entered the Eleans Country being perswaded by the Exiles that the City would yield to them But the Achaeans being at that time in League with the Eleans protected them so that the Arcadiaus only harrassed their Country and retired As soon as they were march'd out of the Territory of Elis being inform'd that some Pellenians were in the City they took a long March in the Night and possessed themselves of Olurus a Town that belonged to the Pellenians because they were in League with the Lacedemonians After the Pellenians heard the News of Olurus they fetched a long compass and returned to their own City Afterwards tho they were but a small Party yet they attacked the Arcadians and all the people in Olurus nor did they desist till they had taken it Again the Arcadians attempted Elis in another Voyage and whilst they encamped between Cyllene and the City the Eleans attacked them but the Arcadians receiving their first Charge repulsed them Whereupon Andromachus the Governor of the Eleans who perswaded them to fight kill'd himself the rest retired into the Town and Soclidas the Spartan being in this Fight was slain for the Lacedemonians were at this time in League with the Eleans When the Eleans were hard pressed at home they sent an Ambassador and desired the Lacedemonians to fall upon the Arcadians thinking the best way to divert them would be to attack them on both sides Thereupon Archidamus marched out with the Lacedemonians and taking Cromnus left there a Garrison of three Companies out of twelve and so returned home The Arcadians being assembled about the Expedition against Elis marched with their Forces and securing themselves with a double Trench besieged Cromnus The Lacedemonians being much concerned that their People should be besieged sent out another Army under the Leading of Archidamus who went and destroyed all Arcadia and Sciris endeavouring if it were possible to raise the Siege yet the Arcadians stirred not from the place nor took any notice of them Then Archidamus viewing an Hill along which the Arcadians had drawn their outermost Trench thought he could take it and that if he were possessed thereof the place would be too hot for the Besiegers When he had fetched a compass about it with his Forces the foremost of his light-arm'd Men discovered the * A chosen Band
knowing that they had no Title to be Presidents of Jupiter's Temple but that they should do a greater piece of Justice and which would be more pleasing to the God by restoring the Presidentship to the Eleans The Eleans approving of it both sides thought fit to conclude a Peace and accordingly one was concluded When all as well the Tegeans as the Theban that commanded three hundred Boeotian heavy-arm'd Men at Tegea had taken the Oaths some of the Arcadians that remained at Tegea feasted and were merry offering Sacrifices and singing Hymns as tho the Peace had been already Ratified The Thebans and chief of the Arcadians as also the Baeotians that were afraid lest they should be call'd to an account about the consecrated Money and the Epariti that were under the same Circumstances causing the Gates of Tegea to be shut sent Officers to those that were making merry and seized the Principal Persons amongst them For every one being desirous of Peace there was a great Concourse of People from all the Cities of Arcadia whereby there must needs be a great many taken insomuch that the Prison and Town-House were filled with them Several were committed to Custody some leap'd down the Walls and others were let out at the Gates for no body was incens'd against any one except those that thought they should be put to death which put the Theban Commander and his Complices to their Wits-ends because they had seized very few of the Mantineans whom chiefly they design'd to take for their City being near most of them escaped home When it was day and the Mantineans heard how Affairs went they sent immediately to all the Arcadian Towns summoning them to appear in Arms and to be upon their Guard as they were At the same time they sent to Tegea and demanded the Mantineans they had seiz'd Adding that no Arcadian ought to be imprisoned or put to death without a tryal And some there were who blam'd them for these Proceedings because the Mantineans had engag'd to produce any before the Community of the Arcadians that should be Impeached The Theban Commander hearing this could not tell how to govern himself but discharged all the Prisoners and the Day following calling together as many Arcadians as would assemble excused himself before them saying he was mistaken and told them that he heard that the Lacedemonians were in the Frontiers with their Army and that some of the Arcadians were ready to betray Tegea to them which when they heard they let him go though they knew that he imposed upon them The Arcadians sent Ambassadors to Thebes to Impeach this Commander of Treason and then they report that Epaminondas who was at that time their General should say That he did much better in seizing the Arcadians than in discharging them For said he Why may not he accuse you of Treason when we for your sakes made War and you without our Consent have concluded a Peace Assure your selves said he we will employ our Arms against Arcadia and make a joynt War with our Confederates When this was reported to the Community of the Arcadians and the Account hereof spread through every City the rest of the Arcadians and * Mantineans Eleans Achaeans those that were concern'd for Peloponefus gathered from hence that the Thebans did endeavour to weaken the Peloponesians what they could that so they might enslave them with the more ease For said they Why would they have us both involv'd in a War unless it was to weaken one another that so both of us may stand in need of their assistance Why do they make Preparations for a Campagn tho' we have told them that we have no occasion at this time for them Is it not manifest that they design us mischief Thereupon they sent to Athens for assistance and dispatch'd the Epariti on an Embassie to the Lacedemonians requiring them to joyn Forces and preserve Peloponnesus from slavery Then they determined the matter about the Command in Chief how that each Republick should command in their own Territories Whilst these things were in agitation Chariclides Archon Epaminondas took the Field with all the Boeotians Eubaeans and several Thessalians he had from Alexander and from his Enemies The Phoceans did not joyn them alledging they had agreed to assist the Thebans if any invaded them but it was not in the Articles to make a War Offensive Epaminondas considered that they had the Argives Messenians and the Arcadians in Peloponnesus which sided with them the Tegeans also Megalapolitans Aseans Palanteans and some other small Towns that lay amongst these which were compelled to follow them He marched out with great diligence and arriving at Nemea made an halt there hoping to intercept the Athenians that were passing that way thinking this would be of great moment to confirm the Confederates and to put the Enemy into a Consternation and in short every thing would be advantageous to him that incommoded the Athenians Whilst he remained there all the Peloponnesians that had confederated together assembled at Mantinea But as soon as Epaminondas understood that the Athenians had changed their resolution of marching by Land and made Preparations by Sea to pass with their Army through Lacedemon to the relief of the Arcadians he decamped from Nemea and arrived at Tegea I cannot say that this Expedition of his was much successful though I find nothing of Conduct or Courage wanting in him First I cannot but commend him for encamping within the Walls of Tegea as having there a securer Post than if he had been without and being more private from the Enemies understanding his Designs Besides if he had occasion for any necessaries they might be easier procured in the City and the Enemy encamping without the Town might be discovered if they did any thing well or committed any mistake And because he thought himself stronger than the Enemy as often as he saw them attempt the taking any advantageous Posts he went not out to attack them But wen he found never a Town would surrender to him and that the Season advanced he thought he must perform some remarkable Exploit or else expect some great Disgrace instead of his former Glory Therefore being Advertised that the Enemy was strongly encamped near Mantinea and had sent for Agesilaus and all the Lacedemonians being informed also that Agesilaus was already marcht as far as Pellene he Supped and giving Orders to the Army moved directly towards Sparta And if a certain Cretan by a special Providence had not informed Agesilaus that the Army was upon their march Epaminondas had surprized the City like a Nest of young Ones wholly defenceless But Agesilaus having first Intelligence of it reached the City before the Enemy and posted his Spartans who though but an handfull defended the Place For all their Horse their Mercenary Troops and three Companies out of Ten were march'd on before into Arcadia After Epaminondas was come to Sparta he did not enter the Town
to perform his rash Enterprise Tho this was accounted as strange and unexpected an Accident as any hap'ned during the War because the Lacedemonians were so well secured in this Island that they thought none could Force them From Pylus the Athenian Fleet went to Corcyra and joyning with them in the City compelled the Seditious that had retired to the Hill Isto and from thence infested the Country to surrender and to remain Prisoners till such time as Orders came from Athens about them But in Case any one of them offered to make his escape then all were to lose the benefit of the Treaty The other Corcyreans fearing the Athenians would not do Justice on them secretly invited some to fly And thus the Conditions being broken they were all delivered up to the Corcyreans by whom some of them wer cruelly put to Death and the rest had a very miserable end Nicias with his Fleet takes the Island Cythera a place of great importance VIII Olymp. Lysarchus Archon and guarded by the Lacedemonians The Camarinaeans and Geloans made Truce and the other Sicilian States invited by this send their Deputies to treat for a General Peace which was promoted by Hermocrates the Syracusian Who shewed the Athenians lay only to watch an Opportunity to master them all when they were sufficiently weakened and proved this to be their Design for that they had banished two Admirals and fined a third because they did not oppose the Treaty of Peace The Magareans deliberating about recalling their Exiles some resolved rather then they would admit that to deliver up the City to the Athenians who accordingly came but were frustrated of their Design yet they invested Nisaea the port Town to Megara and took it Brasidas hast'ned to the relief of Megara which kept it self Neuter till either the Lacedemonians or Athenians got the better but when the latter durst not fight they surrendred to the Lacedemonians as Conquerors After this Brasidas being invited into Thrace by Perdiccas took his way through Thessaly and was in Danger to have disputed his Passage for marching through the Territories of those Princes without their leave first obtained In Thrace several Towns came over to the Lacedemonians upon the Promise of Liberty and being govern'd by their own Laws The Athenians fortifying Delium which was sacred to Apollo contrary to the Custom of Greece were beaten by the Boeotians who attempted the recovery of it and sat down before the place At length Delium was taken by a new devised Engine made of a vast great Yard of a Ship bored through and plated over with Iron at one end To which was fixed a pot filled with Sulphur and other Combustible matter Then it being applyed to a part of the Wall where dry Vines were the Besiegers blew with an huge pair of Bellows through the bore of the Yard and made such a Fire that none was able to keep upon the Wall or withstand it and there the Enemy entred the Town Brasidas took several places in Thrace and put new Life into the Affairs of the Lacedemonians rendring the Athenians Contemptible thereby as if they had not force enough wherewith to oppose them Truce was made between the Lacedemonians and Athenians for a year IX Amyntas Archon yet Scione and Mende revolted to Brasidas after the making thereof Which so Irritated the Athenians that they neglecting the War in all other places applyed themselves wholly to reduce these two They took Mende and Besieg'd Scione Perdiccas disgusted at Brasidas made a League with the Athenians LIB V. Cleon Sailing with the Athenian Fleet to Thrace took Torone X. Alcaeus Archon and coming before Amphipolis which Brasidas defended he was not able to carry the place but decamped The Lacedemonians Sallied out and falling upon them in their Retreat routed them In this Shirmish both Generals were slain Brasidas was carried into the City and Honorably buried Anniversary Games were also performed to him as to an Hero. After the fall of Cleon and Brasidas that so stifly opposed the making of Peace the Lacedemonians recoved again and the extraordinary Success of the Athenians being ballanced by the two defeats at Delium and Amphipolis both Parties inclined to an Accommodation And accordingly a Peace was concluded at the end of Winter which dissatisfied several of the Lacedemonian Allies Soon after the Peace XI Ariston Archon the Lacedemonians and Athenians made a League offensive and defensive for fifty years But it was kept only for six years and ten Months Yet the War might truly be said to continue for all this League because neither Party performed what they agreed to the League being broke both in the Mantinean and Epidaurian Wars About this time the Truce for thirty years between the Lacedemonians and Argives expired Thereupon the Corinthians and discontented Confederates joyned with the Argives apprehending the two powerful Republicks had combined to enslave the rest of Greece The Lacedemonians longing to have Pylus restored had it intimated by the Athenians that provided the Boeotians would restore Panactum to them the Lacedemonians should be re-possessed of Pylus Yet the Boeotians refused to part with Panactum unless the Lacedemonians would make a private League with them which they did tho they knew it was contrary to that they had made with the Athenians wherein it was provided that no Treaty should be made without the joynt Consent of them both The Boeotians having demolished Panactum the last Winter XII Olymp. XC Aristophylus Archon the Athenians resented it extremely ill thinking they did it by the Instigation of the Lacedemonians And therefore meeting with a favourable Conjuncture they made an Alliance with the Argives and other Confederates A War broke out betwixt the Epidaurians XIII Archias Archon and Argives because the former refused to send a Victim to Apollo Pythius whose Temple belonged chiefly to the Care of the Argives The Argives assisted by the Athenians made several Incursions into Epidaurus under the Conduct of Alcibiades The Lacedemonians being Confederated with the Epidaurians XIV Antiphon Archon went with a great Army against Argos and empounded the Argives when the Battles were ready to joyn two of their Generals came to Agis and parlied At last a Truce was made for four Months and Agis march'd off with his Army to the Grief of the Souldiers that had a Prospect of so fair an Advantage and so great a Spoil Afterwards the Athenians came with considerable Recruits and perswaded the Argives to break the Truce telling them 't was not good because it was made without the Privity of the other Confederates Vpon that they besieged Orchomenus in Arcadia and took it From thence they went to Tegea which was relieved by the Lacedemonians a Battle was fought the Argives beaten and a Peace concluded betwixt these two Republicks XV. Euphemus Archon The Argives breaking with the Lacedemonians made a League with the Athenians and for fear of the former built Long
Ships After this Tissaphernes arrived at the Hellespont whither Alcibiades came with one Gally to bring him Gifts and Presents but Tissaphernes seized him and clapt him up at Sardes telling him that he had Orders from the King to make War upon the Athenians The Greeks called the Persian Monarch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by way of Excellence Thirty days after he and Mantitheus that had been taken Prisoner in Caria having procured themselves good Horses made their escape by Night to Clazomenae In the mean while the Athenians having intelligence at Sestos that Mindarus was coming to fall upon them with sixty Sail fled to Cardia At the same time also Alcibiades went thither with five Gallies and a Brigandine from Clazomenae and hearing that the Peloponnesian Fleet was sailed from Abydus to Cyzicus he ordered his Ships to sail about to Sestos and went thither himself by Land. After the Fleet arrived when he was just going out to engage Theramenes came in with twenty Sail from Macedone and at the same time Thrasybulus with twenty more from Thasus both having been collecting tribute The Ancients being they used to Stem one anothers Ships had no occasion for their Main-sails in time of Fight But made use of their Oars only So that they left these Sails ashore when they went to engage keeping only the lesser Sails for any extraordinary occasion Schefferus de Mil. Nav. Lib. 3. Cap. 5. Alcibiades commanded them to take off their Main-sails and follow him going himself to Parium where the whole Fleet being joyned consisted of eighty six Ships and setting sail the Night following he arrived the day after about Noon at Proeconnesus There they heard that Mindarus and Pharnabazus with his Land-forces were at Cyzicus whereupon they staid a day in that place The day following Alcibiades called a Council of War and encouraged his men telling them that an absolute necessity obliged them to fight the Enemies Fleet by Sea their Army by Land and to attack their fortified Places For says he we have no mony with which the Enemy is plentifully supplied from the King of Persia The day before when the Ships were brought into Harbour and he had gotten all the small Vessels about him he made Proclamation lest the Enemy should be informed what number of Ships he had that whoever was taken crossing to the other side should be put to death After the Council of War he prepared for an Engagement and set sail to Cyzicus in foul weather As he approacht near the place it cleared up and the Sun breaking out he discovered sixty of Mindarus his Ships exercising at a great distance from the Port to which he had now cut off their Retreat The Peloponnesians seeing the Athenian Gallies were far more numerous than before and near the Port made to Land and having run their Ships in fought the Enemy as they came to attack them In the mean while Alcibiades sailing about with twenty Ships landed which Mindarus seeing landed too and fought till he was slain Upon this his men fled and the Athenians carried off all the Enemy's Ships to Proeconnesus except those of Syracuse which the Syracusians themselves had burnt The day after the Athenians sailed from thence to Cyzicus which being deserted by the Peloponnesians and Pharnabazus the People of Cyzicus received the Athenians into their City Here Alcibiades staid twenty days and having procured a good Sum from the Cyzicenians without farther harm done to the City sailed to Praeconnesus thence to Perinthus and Selymbria The Perinthians received his Army into the City but the Selymbrians gave money and kept them out From thence he went to Chrysopolis in the Neighbourhood of Chalcedon and fortified it erecting a Toll-house there to take Tenths of the Ships that came from Pontus Here he left a Guard of thirty Ships under two Admirals Theramenes and Eubulus who were to secure the Town and Ships that came from Pontus and to do the Enemy what mischief they could The other Admirals went for the Hellespont Hippocrates Mindarus his Vice-Admiral sent Letters to Lacedemon which were intercepted and carried to Athens The Contents were All is Gone Mindarus is lost Our Men want Provisions What to do we cannot tell Pharnabazus cheared up the Army of the Lacedemonians and Syracusians giving every one a Coat and two Months pay and telling them that since the men were safe they should not be disheartned for the loss of a little Wood which the King His Master's Country had good store of Besides he armed the Sea-men and set them to guard the Coast of his Province then calling the Governours of the Cities and Sea-Captains together he gave them money and ordered them to build as many Gallies at Antandrus as they had lost and bid them fetch Timber from Mount Ida. Whilst the Ships were building the Syracusians helpt the Antandrians to finish part of their Wall behaving themselves better therein than any of the Garison for which reason the Syracusians have Priviledges and Fredom at Antandrus Pharnabasus having setled his Affairs in this manner went immediately with Succours to Chalcedon About this time News came to the Syracusian Admirals XXII Year of the 〈…〉 that they were banisht by the Populacy Upon which they eaâ—â—ed their Soldiers together and Hermâ—crates made a Speech in the Name of the rest deploring their hard Fortune and protesting they were banisht contrary to all Law and Justice Advising them that as they had heretofore so they would for the future upon all occasions obey their Commanders and that they would chuse new Officers till the arrival of those that were nominated in their stead The Souldiers especially the Captains of Gallies Masters and Sea-men cried out that they should continue in their Commands On the other hand the Admirals told them they ought not to mutiny against the Government But if any impeacht the said Admirals then ye may said they recount and reckon up the Sea-fights ye have won the Ships ye have taken your selves and how often with others under our Conduct ye have been victorious we having had for our own Conduct and your Courage the most honourable place in Battel both at Sea and Land. No body laid any thing to their charge and they at the entreaty of the Soldiers continued in their Command till the arrival of those that were chosen in their stead who were Demarchus the Son of Pidocus Mysco the Son of Menecrates and Potamis the Son of Gnosias When most of the Captains of the Gallies had sworn to repeal their Banishment as soon as they themselves returned to Syracuse they commended and dismissed them giving them leave to go whither they would Yet they had a private Conference with Hermocrates whom they highly admired for his Diligence Courage and Affability For every Morning and Evening he assembled in his Cabin such as he knew to be the ablest men amongst the Captains of Gallies Masters and Sea-men and there communicated to them whatsoever
provided for the City to hold out a Siege And thus whiles the Athenians were employed about these Affairs Lysander came from the Hellespont to Lesbos with two hundred Sail of Ships and settled the Government at Mitylene as he had done at other Towns and sent Eteonicus to the Coast of Thrace with ten Gallies to reduce all the Towns there to the Obedience of the Lacedemonians After the Sea-fight the rest of Greece deserted the Athenians except the Samians who had murdered the Chief men and possest themselves of the Government Lysander sent to acquaint Agis and those of Decelea and Lacedemon that he was coming with two hundred Sail of Ships Whereupon the whole Multitude of the Lacedemonians and Peloponnesians except the Argives went out to receive him by order of Pausanias the other King. When they were all assembled he marcht with them and encamped near the City of Athens in the School called Academia Then Lysander going to Aegina and getting as many of the People together as he could restored them to their Countrey as he also did the Melians and others that had been banish't After that he wasted Salamis and came to an Anchor in the Piraeus with an hundred and fifty Sail hindring any Ships from coming into Port. The Athenians blockt up by Sea and Land knew not what measures to take being destitute of a Fleet of Friends and Provisions thinking it was now come to their turn to suffer the ills they had inflicted on the People of other Towns which was not by way of revenge but insolency and for no other cause but that they had joyned with the Lacedemonians Thereupon they advanced those that had been disgraced and so held out the Siege and though many were starved to death yet no mention was made of capitulating At last their Provision being quite spent they sent Ambassadors to Agis to desire an Alliance with the Lacedemonians to reserve themselves the * Long-walls joyned the Port and the City which Megara Argos and other Cities had Long-walls and Piraeus and to make Peace upon these Conditions He ordered the Ambassadors to go to Lacedemon because he had no Power to conclude a Peace and they informing the Athenians thereof were dispatcht thither and went to Sellasia near Laconia When the Ephori understood their Message to be the same that it was to Agis they commanded them to depart immediately and think of fairer Proposals if they really stood in need of a Peace The Ambassadors returned home and when they reported the News to the People there fell a Consternation on all for they thought of nothing less but that the Survivers should be made Slaves and that whilst other Ambassadors were passing to and fro the rest of them would be starved As for pulling down of the Walls there was none would propose it Because Archestratus was committed for mentioning in the Senate that it would be expedient to make a Peace with the Lacedemonians upon their own demands Which were that the Long-walls should be demolished on both sides for ten furlongs a Decree also was made forbidding any to move it hereafter In this Juncture Theramenes declared in the Assembly that if they would send him to Lysander he would discover whether the Lacedemonians by insisting on the demolishing of the Walls designed to make them all Slaves or only to oblige them to keep the Peace the better After he was dispatcht he stay'd with Lysander above three Months expecting when the Athenians now their Provisions failing would comply with any conditions Four Months after he returned and reported in the Assembly that Lysander had detained him till that time and now advised him to go to Lacedemon because it was not in his power to grant their demands but the Ephori's Upon that he was chosen one of the ten Plenipotentiaries to Lacedemon Lysander sent Aristotle an Athenian Exile thither in Company of some Lacedemonians to inform them that he had made Theramenes this Answer That the Power of War and Peace was vested in the Ephori When Theramenes and the other Ambassadors arrived at Sellasia 't was demanded what Powers they had They declared they had full instructions to treat of Peace Then the Ephori ordered them to be introduced and at their coming called an Assembly wherein the Corinthians and Thebans chiefly with several other Greeks opposed the making Peace with the Athenians and urged their total Extirpation The Lacedemonians replied they would not destroy a Greek City that had done so great Service to Greece in the most critical times but made Peace with them on these Conditions That the Long-walls and Piraeus should be demolished that they should deliver up all their Ships but twelve that they should restore their Exiles that they should make a League Offensive and Defensive with the Lacedemonians and serve them in all their Expeditions both by Sea and Land. Theramenes and his Collegues brought these Articles of Peace to Athens and when they came into Town a great Multitude flockt about them fearing they returned without effect though their necessity could admit of no delay by reason abundance of People perisht with Famine The day following the Ambassadors declared upon what terms the Lacedemonians would make Peace Theramenes spoke the first and advised them to comply with the Lacedemonians and demolish the Long-walls Whilst it was debated the major part approved it and it was resolved that the Peace should be accepted After that Lysander came up the Piraeus the Exiles returned and the Walls were demolished with great eagerness the Musick playing the while and all imagined that the Liberty of Greece might be dated from that day Thus ended the Year about the middle of which Dionysius the Son of Hermocrates usurpt at Syracuse the Syracusians having a little before vanquisht the Carthaginians in a Battel which latter took Agrigentum distrest by Famine and quitted by the Sicilians The next was the Olympick Year XCIV Olymp. Pythodorus Archon sive Anarchia The Oligarchy hap'ned after this manner In which Crocinas the Thessalian wont he foot-race Eudicus was Ephorus of Sparta and Pythodorus Archon of Athens whom the Athenians don 't reckon but call this Year the Anarchy the People determined to chuse Thirty men that were to make Laws and administer the Government by them Those that were chosen were these * Poliarches Critias Melobius Hippolochus Euclides Hiero Mnesilochus Chremo Theramenes Aresias Diocles Phaedria Choerelaus Anaetius Piso Sophocles Eratosthenes Charicles Onomacles Theognis Ae chines Theogenes Cleomedes Erasistratus Phido Dracontides Eumathes Aristoteles Hippomachus Mnesithides Lysander having setled Affairs in this manner parted for Samos Agis drawing the Land-Army out of Decelea disbanded and sent them home About this time when the Sun was Eclipst Lycophron the Pheraean aspiring to the Dominion of all Thessaly overcame the Larisseans and other Thessalians that opposed his Designs in a set Battle and made a great Slaughter At that time also Dionysius the Tyrant of
too many to death for the shortness of the time let that man consider that these things always happen where alterations of Government are made Our City is the most populous of any in Greece and has for a long time been * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pampered with Liberty So that we who have changed the Government to an Aristocracy must expect a great many Enemies We therefore considering what a Grievance Democracy is to us all and knowing though the Nobility will remain faithful that the People will never be reconciled to the Lacedemonians to whom we owe our Preservation have with their Consent constituted this New Model And we employ our utmost endeavour to take those off that we find make opposition against it but if any of our own Order attempt to alter the Constitution 't is much more equitable that that man should suffer We have observed that this Theramenes makes it his business to contrive our ruine which you will find to be true if you take notice that none discourses more freely against the times than he and that none makes stronger opposition when we consult about taking off any Popular man than he If these had been his Sentiments at first we could not in reason have reputed him an ill man but a prosest Enemy He promoted the League and Alliance between us and the Lacedemonians He dissolved the Democracy He instigated us chiefly to do justice on those Criminals that came first before us And now since we are all become odious to the People he will no longer approve of our Proceedings thereby to secure himself and render us obnoxious for what is past He therefore ought in Justice to be punisht not only as an Enemy but as a Traytor against us Treason is by so much a greater mischief than War by how much 't is more difficult to avoid a secret practise than a barefaced Design And 't is yet more execrable because an Enemy makes Peace and keeps his Faith but we can ne'r be reconciled to him that we once find a Traytor and can never trust him for the future I will now remind you of his former Actions that you may understand they are habitual and that he has * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Treason in his nature He though he was at first the People's Creature as his Father Hagno had been yet appeared the most forward of any in transferring the Democracy to the †The Government of Athens four hundred and was the leading man amongst them But afterwards when he discovered a Conspiracy to be forming against the Aristocracy he headed the People against it Whereupon he was nick-named the Buskin for as that fits either Foot so he accommodated himself to both Parties That man Theramenes is not fit to live that shews his Craft in drawing his Friends into Plots and then leaves them in the lurch when he finds any opposition but he that is like the Seamen who labour hard in a Storm and beat it out till they come into fair weather For otherwise how can they arrive at their desired Port if when they meet with any difficulty they bend their course a different way All changes of Government are attended with blood and you Theramenes by your inconstancy have caused several of the Aristocracy to be destroyed by the People and many of the Democracy to be cut off by the Nobles This is he whom the Admirals ordered to take up the sinking men in the Sea-fight near Lesbos but though he did not take them up yet he to save himself prosecuted the Admirals and caused them to be put to death Why should we spare such a man that only pursues his own Interest without regard either of honesty or friendship Nay rather let us beware of his inconstancy since we know it and be before hand with him that he may not serve us as he has all his Friends We therefore impeach him as a Conspirator and Traytor against his Countrey Be pleased also to consider that we do nothing contrary to Law or Justice The Lacedemonians Constitution is esteemed the best in the World yet if any of the Ephori should not comply with his Collegues but oppose their Proceedings and speak ill of the Government Don't you think that the rest of them and all the States would not sentence him to undergo the utmost rigor of the Law. If you therefore have any regard to your own preservation don't ye spare this man but spare your selves for if he escapes the Sword of Justice he 'll raise the Faction to a great height And on the contrary if he be taken off he will defeat their hopes both at home and abroad When Critias had ended his Speech he sat down and then Theramenes standing up spoke as following Theramenes his Speech And I my Lords will answer in the beginning of my Defence what was last objected He says that I prosecuted the Generals and caused them to be put to death Whereas I did not set on foot the Accusations against them but they declared that they gave me Orders to take up those unfortunate men in the Sea-fight near Lesbos To which I made my defence that it was not possible to bear up to them for the violence of the Storm much less to take them up and this the People thought a reasonable defence The Admirals seemed to accuse themselves for they declared that when they could have saved the men they stood off and let them perish I don't wonder that Critias objects this against me contrary to Law who was not present at the Action but with Prometheus in Thessaly forming a Democracy and arming the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a peculiar name amongst the Thessalians for Slaves as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was amongst the Lacedemonians Slaves against their Masters Nor may that ever be acted here what he did in that Place I agree with him so far that if any endeavour to depose you from the Government support the Conspirators that man in justice ought to suffer the utmost rigor of the Law. And you will best determine who does these things if you reflect on the former and the present Actions of us both Whilst you were nominating a Senate chusing Magistrates and punishing the Evidencers 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 we were all of one mind But since I see men of Worth and Honesty taken up I have changed my Opinion I knew if we took off Leo the Salaminian who both appeared and was a good man and no ways obnoxious to the Law that men of the like Probity would become apprehensive of us and when possest with a fear would set themselves against the Government I apprehended that if you committed Nicias Son of Niceratus a wealthy man who neither himself nor his Father ever favoured a Democracy that you would thereby contract the Odium of their Party Moreover when I saw you put Antipho to death who furnisht out two Gallies in time of
War that were good Sailors I conceived you would create a jealousie in those that were ready to serve their Country When it was declared lawful for every one of us to seize any Forreigner and take his Estate I opposed it for t was evident that if these had been destroyed all Forreigners would have been Enemies to our Country I contradicted the disarming of the People not thinking it our Interest to weaken the City thereby for I thought the Lacedemonians did not intend when they preserved us that we should be disabled and rendered uncapable of doing them any Service Because if this had been their aim they might have prest us a little longer with want of Provisions and left never a man alive Nor did I approve of hiring of a Guard when we might have employed our own People till such time as we the Magistrates had reduc'd the 〈◊〉 Subjects under our Obedience For when I saw there was a great Number of Malecontents in the City and many Exiles abroad I would have had neither Anytus nor Alcibiades nor Thrasybulus banisht knowing the People would be reinforc't when they got such experienced Leaders and that enough would joyn with any that would but head them Can you in Justice therefore call him a Friend or Traytor that deals thus plainly with you Those Critias don 't reinforce the Enemy that prevent the Malice of some and by their advice procure the Alliance of others but they rather that extort money by violence and put the innocent to death These Critias are such as create a great many Enemies and betray not only their Friends but themselves also for sordid gain Now if I can't convince you of the truth of what I speak any other way then consider whether in your Opinion Thrasybulus Anytus and the other Exiles had rather those things which I have mentioned should be done here or what these men do I believe they think they have Friends in all Places yet if those of the Chiefest Quality were faithful to us they would not dare to set a foot upon Athenian Ground As to what he objected concerning my unconstancy as though I would comply with every Change. I desire you would observe that the People themselves did vote the Government of four hundred being informed that the Lacedemonians would trust any Model rather than a Democracy But when they would remit nothing of their rigor and the Generals Aristotle Melanthius and Aristarchus openly fortified a place with a Bulwark intending to receive the Enemy into it and so to have mastered the City for themselves and Party This I discovered and prevented Do they call this betraying the Government He calls me Buskin as though I had accommodated my self to both Parties Pray What do you call him that can please neither For you Critias were most inveterate against the People in time of the Democracy and you were the stiffest Opposer of the Nobles under the Aristocracy I Critias am a declared Enemy to those who won't allow that the Democracy can e'r be well establisht except Slaves and such like be made Members of it for a single groat and would sell it as cheap as they bought it I am also an eternal Enemy to those who are of a Belief that the Aristocracy can't be well setled unless the Government be reduced under the Tyranny of a few I concluded formerly that the other Model was the best because there were those that would have ventured Life and Limb in defence of it I am still and unconstant as he calls me of the same Opinion If you Critias can say that I have endeavoured to remove men of Probity from the Government either by joyning the Popular or Tyrannical Faction speak out and if you can convict me that either I have attempted it now or at any other time I 'll acknowledge that I deserve the worst of punishments When he had made an end the Senate murmured in favor of him But Critias knowing that he would come off if he permitted the Senate to pass their Suffrage on him and thinking that there would be no living for himself went and discourst it with the Thirty and going out placed the Guard with their Daggers openly before the Bar of the Court. And then coming in again said Critias's Speech He Noble Snators performs the Office of a good Patrone that will not suffer his Clients to be circumvented if he can help it and I 'll discharge my self like such an one They that stand here say they will not permit us to let that man escape who openly endeavours to subvert the Aristocracy The new Laws say that none of the three Thousand shall be put to death without your Suffrage and that the Thirty have power to condemn any that are not of that number Therefore said he I with your General Consent strike this Theramenes out of the Catalogue and we all pass the Sentence of Death upon him Theramenes hearing this flew to the Altar and spake Theramenes Speech I humbly beg of you my Lords to grant me this most equitable Request that Critias mayn't have power to strike me or any of you out of the Catalogue as he shall please but that all of us may be tried by the Law which was made concerning those in the Catalogue And though I know the Altar can't protect me yet I 'll declare the Injustice of these men to the World and their Impiety to Heaven I wonder that you being men of Probity won't defend the Common Cause when you know 't is as easie a matter to strike out any of your Names as it is mine Upon this the Thirty men's Cryer commanded the Eleven men to sieze Theramenes who coming with their Officers headed by Satyrus an importunate and brazen faced Fellow Critias said to them we deliver up this man Theramenes condemned according to Law. Ye Eleven men take him carry him to the place of Execution and do your Office. At that word Satyrus and the Officers haled him from the Altar Theramenes as 't is usual in those Cases implored both Gods and men to behold these their Actions But the Senate were husht seeing such Fellows as Satyrus at the Bar and the place before the Court full of Guards whom they knew to be armed with Daggers When Theramenes was carried through the Market-place he declared his Sufferings with a loud Voice and one saying of his goes about still how Satyrus threatned him that if he held not his bawling he should smart for 't Shall I not suffer then replied he if I hold my Tongue At length being compelled to die by drinking Juice of Hemlock he as the report goes dasht the rest on the Ground adding Here 's an Health to honest Critias And though I know these sayings of his are not worth relating yet this deserves admiration that he at the very point of death neither lost his innate Prudence nor Facetiousness Thus died Theramenes The Thirty thinking they might act now as they
pleased 2. Year of Olymp. Euclides Archon without Controul forbad all that were not in the Catalogue to come within the City 3. Of the Olymp. Micion Archon removing them from their Estates that so they and their Creatures might take possession of them and when they fled to the Piraeus the Thirty forced them from thence in great Numbers so that Megara and Thebes were filled with them Soon after Thrasybulus marcht out of Thebes with near seventy men and surprised Phyla a strong Place 4. O'ymp-Exaenutus Archon The Thirty and the three thousand went out of the City with the Horse on a very fair day to relieve it Upon their arrival some of the most daring Soldiers attackt the Place where * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 meeting with nothing but blows they marcht off The Thirty intended to besiege them and hoped to carry the Place by cutting off all their Provisions but there fell abundance of Snow in the Night so that next day they returned to Athens †〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 well beaten with Snow and with the loss of a great many ‖ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Drudges that were intercepted by those of Phyla Yet apprehending that the Garison would plunder the Countrey unless there were Guards to repress them they sent the greatest part of the Lacede monians and two Troops of Horse to the Frontiers about fifteen Furlongs from Phyla where they encamped in a woody place and kept Guard. Thrasybulus having by this time got together about seven hundred men at Phyla went out with them by Night and making an halt about three or four Furlongs from the Enemie's Quarters lay still At break of day when the Enemy had left their Arms being gone about their occasions and the Grooms made a noise with carrying their Horses Thrasybulus's men took up their Arms and fell furiously upon them taking some routing the rest and pursuing them six or seven Furlongs together There were slain of the Heavy-armed men above an hundred and twenty of the Horse Nicostratus surnamed the Fair and two whom they surprised in their Beds In their return they erected a Trophy and getting all the Arms and Baggage together they retired with their Booty to Phyla The Horse came out of Athens to their relief But not one of the Enemy appearing they staid till the Relations of the slain had taken them up and then returned to the City again From this time the Thirty not thinking their Government secure designed to seize upon Eleusis that it might serve them for a Place of Retreat if occasion were Hereupon Critias and the Thirty marcht into Eleusis where the Horse mustered the Citizens pretending they would know how many they were and how strong a Garrison the Place would require and ordered a List of their Names to be taken He that was mustered went out at a little Gate leading to the Sea-side where by the Shore they had posted Troopers and Serjeants that bound every man as he came forth When they were all taken the Thirty ordered Lysimachus Colonel of the Horse to carry and deliver them up to the Eleven men The next day they called the Heavy-armed men that were of the * The 3000. Catalogue and the rest of the Horse into the Odeum Where Critias stood up and spoke We said he have constituted this Government as much for your Interest as our own and you must therefore as well partake of the Dangers as share in the Honors The Eleusinians we have got together you must put to death that all of us may be under the same circumstances both of Hope and Fear Then pointing to a certain place he commanded them to pass their Suffrages in it †As by holding up of the hand for sometimes they put Stones into an Urn that nobody could be discovered for what he voted So that this last is opposed to the former openly In the mean while the Laconian Guards were armed and took up half the ‖ The Musick room Odeum These Proceedings pleased only such as cared for their own Interest Soon after Thrasybulus having got a Body of near one thousand men at Phyla came by Night to the Piraeus When the Thirty heard of it they came to the Relief of their own Party with the Laconian Guards the Horse and Heavy-armed men and marcht in the Highway that leads to the Piraeus Those of Phyla hindred them at first from advancing but the Place appearing to be of a large Circuit and to require a great Garison whereas they as yet were but a small Party they retired in a close Body to the Munichia then those of the City went into the Horse-Market marshalling their men so as to cover the way that leads to the Temple of Diana Munichia and the Bendideum being no less than fifty Deep and in this Order they advanced They of Phyla drew up in the Road against them but were not above Ten Heavy-armed men in depth in the Rear of these were placed the Targetiers and the Light-armed Darters supported by a good Body of Slingers that had resorted thither In the mean time Thrasybulus laying down his Shield and commanding his men to do the like stood in the midst of his Squadron with his other Arms Thralybulus's Speech and made this Speech I will partly inform you Dear Countreymen and partly remind you that the Enemy which charge us in the right are those that you routed five days agone and that they in the Rear of the left are the Thirty Tyrants that have unjustly banisht us turned us out of our Habitations and proscribed our dearest Friends Now they are come into this Place which we always wished and they themselves ne'r expected Here we face them with our Swords in our hands the Gods also appear openly in our Defence because we were taken from our Tables from out of our Beds and from off the Market-place some of us had committed no Offence and others that were abroad were banisht The Gods when it served our advantage declared themselves for us and sent on a suddain a Storm in Calmweather and by their assistance though the Enemy were a Multitude and we but an handful yet we fought them and erected a Trophy Now their Providence has brought us into a Place where the Enemy are obliged to march up Hill so that they cannot shoot nor dart their Javelins over their formost Ranks On the contrary we can reach them with our Pikes our Javelins and Stones that we throw down the Hill and wound a great many of them though it was believed that we especially our first Rank must have engaged them upon even Ground Now therefore if you as becomes your selves will couragiously dart your Javelins you cannot miss for the Road is covered with them and if they stand upon their Guard they must always skulk under their Shields so that we as it were engaging with Blindmen shall at our pleasure wound them fly upon them
and rout them But Dear Countreymen and Fellow-Soldiers every man of you must acquit himself as if he were sensible that he alone should be the cause of the Victory A Victory that by the favour of Heaven shall restore our Countrey Habitations Liberty Preferments Wives and Children to those that have them Happy are those amongst us that shall live to see this Victory to behold the most joyful day that ever was Happy the man that falls for none how wealthy soever can obtain so glorious a Monument As soon as it is time I 'll begin the Paean and when we invoke Mars let us go with a joynt Resolution to revenge on our Enemies the Insolencies we have suffered from them Having ended his Speech he faced about to the Enemy but moved not forward because the Priest had charged them not to fall on before one of their men were either killed or wounded When this happens I 'll lead you on said the Priest and you shall obtain the Victory though perhaps I shall be slain Nor was he mistaken for as soon as the Army had taken up their Shields he as it were hurried on by a certain fatality flew out one of the formost where charging the Enemy he was killed and afterwards buried by the Ferry over the Cephissus The rest got the Victory and pursued the Enemy down the Hill to the plain Ground There were slain of the Thirty Critias and Hippomachus of the Ten Commanders in the Piraeus Charmides the Son of Glauco and about seventy others They stirpped none of their Countreymen but took away their Arms only and aftewards restored their Bodies upon truce Then several drawing near together began a Parly and Silence being made Cleocritus Cryer of the Mystae Mystae those that were Initiated the first year they afterwards being called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Suidas Cleocritus's Speech having a strong voice made this Speech to them Why Dear Countreymen do you banish us Why do you thirst after our Blood we never did injure you we have all frequented the same Magnificent Temples the Sumptuous Feasts and Splendid Sacrifices We have performed the same Exercises we have had our Education together we have served under the same Generals and we have exposed our selves to many dangers with you both by Sea and Land for our common Preservation and Liberty We beseech you by the Gods of your Fathers and Mothers by your Friends Kindred and Relations by some of which we are all allied to one another to revere Heaven and have regard to man. Forbear any longer to persecute your Countreymen and don 't submit to those Villains the Thirty Tyrants who for their private gain have murdered almost more in eight Months time than the Peloponnesian War has consumed in ten Years space When we might have lived peaceably together they raised amongst us a most shameful cruel and detestable War hateful both to Gods and men And assure your selves not only you but we also shall lament those we have lately slain After he had ended his Speech the Magistrates having heard what he said retired with their men into the City Next Day the Thirty appeared much dejected and sat alone in Council the three thousand also wheresoever they were posted fell at variance Those that had been the most violent men and apprehended they should be brought into trouble declared they ought to persist and not comply with those in the Piraeus But as many as knew themselves to be Innocent became more considerative shewing that their troubles might be composed that they were not obliged to obey the Thirty nor suffer their Countrey to be ruined In conclusion it was decreed that the Thirty should be removed from the Government and others chosen Accordingly there were Ten Elected one out of each Tribe Upon this the Thirty retired to Eleusis The Ten with the Colonels of Horse had care of the City which was in great disorder every one being jealous one of another The Cavalry lay all Night with their Horses and Shields in the Odeum and in the Evening having a suspicion of all they went the Rounds with their Bucklers In the Morning they mounted expecting to be attackt by those in the Piraeus where there was abundance of men of all sorts making themselves Arms of Wood and Osiers and whiting them over Before ten days were at an end they of the Piraeus gave their Faith to all that would joyn them as also equal Privileges to Aliens whereupon several Heavy and Light armed men with about seventy Horse came over to them from the Piraeus they made Excursions to get Wood and Fruit but quartered every Night there Of those in the City none went out armed except the Horse who sometimes meeting with the Forragers of the Piraeus did their Battalion some mischief Another time they met with some Young men who did not belong to the City but were going to fetch some Necessaries from their Estates these Lysimachus Colonel of the Horse put to the Sword though they begged hard for their lives which some of his Cavalry resented very ill In return the Horse of the Piraeus took Callistratus one of the Tribe of Leontis in the Country and killed him being so much animated that they made their Excursions up to the very Walls of the City There was at that time an Ingenier in Athens if this be worth relating who apprehending that the Enemy were bringing their Engines to the Course by the way that leads from the Lyceum ordered huge Stones of a Load weight to be carried in Draughts and thrown down in several places in the Course Where they run races which was accordingly done and each Stone created the Enemy a great deal of Trouble Then the Thirty and those of the Catalogue in the City sent Ambassadors from Eleusis to Lacedemon desiring Succors because the People had revolted from the Lacedemonians Lysander supposing it would be no great difficulty to reduce those in the Piraeus if they were blockt up by Sea and Land and their Provisions cut off procured an hundred Talents to be lent them himself to go General 18750 l. Sterling and his Brother Libys Admiral Then setting forward towards Eleusis he raised a strong Body of Peloponnesian Heavy-armed men whilst the Admiral took care that no Provisions could be carried in by Sea whereby those in the Piraeus were soon distressed On the contrary those in the City were much animated at the presence of Lysander Whilst Affairs stood thus Pausanias the King envying Lysander for that he by those Exploits would both become famous and render himself Lord of Athens perswaded three of the Ephori to draw out the Garrison All the Confederates except the Boeotians and Corinthians concurred with him which last declared that they could not salve their Oath by making War against the Athenians who had acted nothing contrary to the League Which they did out of a Belief that the Lacedemonians would reduce the Athenians Countrey into
Haliartus THus ended the Sedition at Athens Soon after Cyrus sent Messengers to Lacedemon requiring that Republick to make him a suitable Return for the Service he had done them in the Athenian War. The Ephori thinking it a reasonable request sent their Admiral Samius Orders to assist him if there were occasion who willingly complied with Cyrus in all his Commands for sailing about with his own and Cyrus's Fleet to Cilicia he gave Syennesis the Governour thereof such diversion that he could make no opposition by Land whilst Cyrus marcht against the King of Persia * Cyrus undertook his expedition in the fourth year of the 94 Olymp when Exaenetus was Archon Diod. Sic. Olymp. 95. Laches Archon But after what manner Cyrus got an Army together and made an Expedition against his Brother how the Fight hapned how he was slain and how the Greeks got safe to the Sea-side Themistogenes the Syracusian has written After this Tissaphernes being highly esteemed by the King for his Service in the War against his Brother and being made Governour both of the Provinces he ruled before as also those that Cyrus had he forthwith required all the Ionic Cities to yield him Obedience But they being desirous to maintain their Liberty and fearing Tissaphernes because they had chosen Cyrus while living to be their Governour in his stead did not receive him within their Cities but sent Ambassadors to Lucedemon desiring that they being Protectors of all Greece would extend their care to the Greeks in Asia too that their Country might not be destroyed and that their Liberty might be preserved Hereupon the Lacedomonians sent Thimbro General ordering him about one thousand of the Half-Slaves and four thousand other Peloponesians desiring of the Athenians three hundred Horse besides these Forces and undertook to pay them himself They sent him three hundred of those that served under the Thirty Tyrants supposing it would be no loss to the People to have them sent abroad and knockt on the head When they arrived in Asia he drew some Forces out of the Greek Garisons in the Continent for all the Cities obeyed Leun 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because a Lacedemonian Commanded Thimbro with these Forces observed the Enemies Horse but did not take the Field with his Army being contented only to preserve the Countrey where he was from Depredations But after those that went in the Expedition with Cyrus returned safe home and joyned him he marcht into the Field against Tissaphernes and took upon surrender Pergamus Teuthrania and Halisarnia the Province of Eurysthenes and Procles descended of Demaratus the Lacedemonian He was banisht Sparta and followed Xerxes in his Expedition into Greece Diod. Sic. Lib. XI on whom the King of Persia had conferred this Government as a Reward for his Service against Greece Also Gorgio and Gongylus two Brothers came over to him whereof the one held Gambrium and Palaegambrium the other Myrina and Grynium which Towns the King gave to Gongylus because he was the only man amongst the Eretrians that was banisht for adhering to the Persian Interest Thimbro took some weak Places by Assault and setting down before Larissa which is called Aegyptia he besieged it because it would not surrender But being not able to master the place any other way he carried a Mine to cut off a Well designing thereby to deprive them of Water The Besieged making frequent Sallies and throwing Wood and Stones into the Trench he made an Engine of Wood and mounted it upon the Wall. This also the Larissoeans sallying out by Night burnt Thereupon the Ephori thinking he did them no Service sent him Orders to rise from before Larissa and march with his Army into Caria When he was at Ephesus in order to his Voyage thither there came Dercyllidas who had the reputation of being a skilful Engenier being thereupon Surnamed Sisyphus and took upon him the Command of the Army Thimbro returned home and being accused by the Confederates for suffering his Forces to pillage the Allies was fined and banished Dercyllidas after he had taken Command of the Army perceiving that there was no good understanding between Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus had a Conference with the former and entred Pharnabazus's Province chusing rather to make War with one than both Besides Dercyllidas was formerly disgusted with Pharnabazus for being Governour of Abydus when Lysander was Admiral Pharnabazus complained of him and thereupon he was confined to stand with a Shield which the Valiant Lacedemonians esteem a disgrace because 't is a punishment for deserting their Order in Battel so that for this Cause also he went with more satisfaction against him He in a short while so far surpassed Thimbro in Conduct that he marcht through the Confederates Countrey to Aeolis the Government of Pharnabazus without any Injury done to the Allies The Aeolis belonged to Pharnabazus's Province which Zenis the Dardanian held under him with the Title of Satrapas for term of Life When he died and Pharnabazus was designing to confer the Government on another Mania Zenis his Wife a Dardanian went to him with her Troops and Money which she carried to present Pharnabazus withal as also to oblige his Misses and other Favourits When she was admitted to his Presence she addrest her self to him after this manner My Husband Pharnabazus was your Ally and paid his Tribute so punctually that you both praised and honoured him And if I can serve you as well why will you prefer any other to the Government If I do not give you satisfaction it will still remain in your Power to take the Province from me and confer it on another When Pharnabazus heard her say so he determined that she should be Governess of the Province Afterwards being settled in her Government she paid the Tribute as exactly as her Husband and when ever she went to wait upon Pharnabazus she always carried him Presents and when he came into her Province she gave him a most Magnificent Reception and more to his satisfaction than any of the other Deputy Governors Nor did she only defend those Towns which she at first took under her Charge but the Maritine Towns Larissa Amaxitus and Colonae which would not yield her Obedience she reduced When the Mercenary Greeks attackt the Places she her self beheld them from her Chariot and whoever deserved her Commendation she liberally rewarded whereby she made her Mercenaries very brave men She also attended Pharnabazus in his Expeditions against the Mysians and Pisidians who at that time infested the King of Persia's Territories Insomuch that Pharnabazus had a great Veneration for her and sometimes admitted her to his Councils But when she was somewhat past forty years of Age Midias her Daughter's Husband being egged on by the Speeches of some who suggested to him that 't was a dishonour for him to lead a private life and live under the Domination of a Woman observing that she had a watchful eye upon others as Supreme Magistrates
Lacedemonians should march out of their Countrey who gladly accepted it and taking their dead retired out of Boeotia After this Action the Lacedemonians went away much dejected but the Thebans insulting fell upon those that stragled in the Villages and pursued them to the Roads Thus ended the Expedition of the Lacedemonians and Pausanias when he came home was tried for his Life being accused for coming later to Lysander at Haliartus than he ought to have done having agreed to meet him by a certain day and for that he had made Truce to fetch off the killed and had not attempted it by fighting as also for that he dismissed the Athenians taken in the Piraeus besides all this he did not make his Appearance and therefore was condemned to lose his Life But he made his Escape to Tegea where he sickned and died of a Distemper And this was the State of Affairs in Greece at that time XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB IV. THE CONTENTS The Marriage Treaty between Cotys King of Paphlagonia and Spithridates's Daughter The Thebans are vanquisht by the Lacedemonians The Athenians beat the Lacedemonians in a Sea-fight at Cnidus The Battel at Chaeronea The Massacre at Corinth Corinth surprized by the Argives and recovered by Praxitas The Walls of Athens rebuilt by Conon Antalcidas is sent to Teribazus the Persian to negotiate a Peace The Lacedemonians defeated by Iphicrates and Anaxibius their General slain AFterwards early in the Autumn Agesilaus entring Phrygia the Government of Pharnabazus burned and destroyed the Countrey taking in some Cities by Force and others by Surrender But Spithridates telling him That if he would go with him into Paphlagonia he would bring him to an interview with the King thereof and make him an Ally Agesilaus was very forward to go having a great desire a long time before to bring over this Nation from the Obedience of the King of Persia After Agesilaus arrived in Paphlagonia Cotys came to him and made an Alliance for though he was sent for by the King of Persia he went not too him but by the perswasion of Spithridates left a thousand Horse and two thousand Targetiers with Agesilaus who returning his thanks to Spithridates for them said Tell me Spithridates won't you bestow your Daughter on Cotys That I would replied he more willingly a great deal than Cotys King of so large a Countrey and so mighty a People would marry a poor Exiles Daughter Thus much only was mentioned at that time about a Match but afterwards Cotys being upon his departure came to take his leave of Agesilaus who ordering Spithridates to withdraw said to Cotys in the presence of the XXX Commissioners Pray tell me Cotys of what kind of Family is Spithridates descended Of one replied he that is no ways inferiour to any in Persia Have you seen said Agesilaus what an handsome Son he has What then says Cotys Yes I have for last Night I supped with him They say replies Agesilaus that he has a Daughter more beautiful than he Before God says Cotys she is a Beauty Then replied Agesilaus Since you are become one of our Friends by my consent you shall marry her for first she is extraordinary handsome the most welcome Quality in a Wife and then descended of a most Illustrious Father and one of so considerable Power that being affronted by Pharnabazus he has revenged himself in the manner you see and chased him out of his Province You may be assured therefore said he that as he is able to revenge himself on an Enemy so he can oblige a Friend and consider with your self that if such a thing should be you will not only contract an Affinity with him but with me also and the rest of the Lacedemonians and we as you well know are the leading People of all Greece What Nuptial Solemnity therefore can be more Pompous than yours What Bride was ever attended by so many Horse Targetiers and Heavy-armed men as shall conduct yours to your Court Then Cotys asking him said Agesilaus Does Spithridates approve of what you say By Heaven replied he Cotys I speak not by his Order for though the pleasure of revenging my self on an Enemy be very sweet yet I am much more pleased when I can find out any thing that can be serviceable to a Friend Then said Cotys why don't you ask his Consent Go you therefore Herippidas and the rest says Agesilaus and inform him of these Proposals and use all the best Arguments you can to perswade him so they went and acquainted him And whilst they staid Agesilaus said Shall we Cotys send for Spithridates hither for I believe he will be sooner prevailed upon by you than by all together Soon after Agesilaus sent for Spithridates and the rest and when they drew near Herippidas said Agesilaus Not to trouble you with the whole Relation of the Matter Spithridates says he will submit wholly to your pleasure Then 't is my pleasure says Agesilaus that you Spithridates bestow your Daughter on Cotys and that you Cotys accept her and I wish you much joy Yet we cannot send you her by Land before the Spring Faith saith Cotys but you may presently have her conveyed if you please by Sea. In Conclusion the Marriage-Treaty being ratified Cotys was dismissed Immediately Agesilaus knowing him to be in hast fitted out a Gally giving Orders to Callias the Lacedemonian to convey the Lady and went himself to Dascyllium the Court of Pharnabazus which had a great many and large Villages about it furnished with all necessaries for life as also Wild Beasts some in Parks and others in Forrests exceeding delightful being encompassed by a River stored with all sorts of Fish and abundance of Fowls for those that loved the Game There he took up his Winter Quarters and partly in that Place and partly by Depredations in the Countrey got Provisions for his Army but as the Soldiers never having been foyled before contemned the Enemy and were not upon their Guard when they foraged Pharnabazus with two Scythed Chariots and four hundred Horse met them stragling in the Plains As soon as the Greeks discovered him advancing towards them about seven hundred of them drew up in a Body Pharnabazus without any more ado placed the Chariots in the Front and following himself with the Horse in the Rear commanded them to drive upon the Enemy The Chariots falling in and breaking their Body the Horse forthwith killed and took Prisoners an hundred men and the rest fled to Agesilaus who was not far off with the Heavy-armed men Three or four days after Spithridates discovered Pharnabazus's Camp at Caue a large Village about an hundred and sixty Furlongs from thence and immediately informed Herippidas of it who ever longing to perform some brave Exploit desired of Agesilaus two thousand Heavy-armed men as many Targetiers Spithridates's Horse the Paphlagonians and what Greek Horse he could prevail with besides When he had obtained a Promise of
several of the Acarnanian Targetiers came up and made use of their Javelins and Slings but Agesilaus being encamped on an Hill sustained no dammage only the Soldiers as they were providing Supper were forced to march down into the Plain At Night when the Acarnanians drew off and set their Centinels the Army reposed themselves Next day Agesilaus decamped but the Pass out of the Meadows and Plain being strait by reason of the Mountains which surrounded the Lake the Acarnanians possessed themselves of the Hills and put the Enemy to a great deal of trouble with their Lances and Javelins from the Eminencies and descending from thence gave them such a diversion that they were not able to march any farther Nor did the Heavy-armed men and Horse which were drawn out of the Body of the Army with design to pursue do them any harm because they retired to their fastnesses Agesilaus considering it would be a difficult matter for his men who had been in such hard Service to force this Pass resolved to pursue those that charged in the left being a strong Party that had pressed hard upon them because this Hill was easier for the Heavy-armed men and Horse to pass Whilst he was sacrificing the Acarnanians put them hard to 't with their Lances and Javelins and advancing very near wounded several of them But when he commanded his men to pursue the heavy-armed men who were fifteen years past man's estate ran upon them the Horse moved and he himself followed with the rest Immediately the Acarnanians who came down the hill and made some light Skirmishes with the Enemy soon turned their backs and were cut in pieces in their retreat to the ascent thereof The Acarnanian Heavy-armed men were posted on the top of the Hill and continued there with a strong Party of Targetiers who amongst others threw their Lances wherewith they galled the Cavalry and killed some of their Horses Yet when they were just going to close with the Lacedemonian Heavy-armed men they fell to flight and about three hundred of them were killed for which Action Agesilaus erected a Trophy and after that went ravaging and destroying the Countrey The Acarnanians thinking he had done them no Service at all because he had not taken in any place either by Surrender or Siege intreated him that if he would condescend to nothing else yet that he would stay only so long as to hinder the Enemie's Seed time He told them they made a very unreasonable demand For said he I shall march hither again the next Summer and the more they sow the more desirous will they be of Peace This he said and made such a march by Land through Aetolia as neither a small nor a great Army could have done without the leave of the Aetolians but they let him pass at that time hoping to recover Naupactus by his Assistance At last he took his way by Rhium and returned home because the Athenians had put to Sea with their Fleet from Oeniadae and stopt his passage from Calydon into Peloponnesus Demostratus Archon After Winter was past Agesilaus according to his Promise got an Army together early in the Spring to make an expedition against the Acarnanians but they having intelligence hereof and supposing that they being Inhabitants of an Inland Countrey should be blockt up by those that destroyed their Corn in the same manner as if they were besieged in Towns sent Ambassadors to Lacedemon to make Peace with the Achaeans and an Alliance with the Lacedemonians And this is the Account of the Acarnanian Affairs About this time the Lacedemonians designing to make an Expedition against the Athenians and Boeotians resolved to send an Army against Argos not thinking it safe to leave behind them so potent a City as that in their Neighbourhood and at War with them Agesipolis understanding he was to command the Forces procured an auspicious Sacrifice for his Voyage and went to Jupiter's Oracleat Olympia to enquire whether he might in Justice refuse the Peace offered by the Argives or not being they made no Proposals at any seasonable time but devised shifts to divert the War just when the Lacedemonians were ready to enter their Territories The Oracle answered He might lawfully refuse a Peace which was not offered at a fit time From thence he went to Apollo at Delphos to know whether he was of the same Opinion with his Father concerning the Peace 't was answered he was Whereupon Agesipolis drew his Army out of Phlius for there the Forces were assembled till he went to both Oracles and entred the Enemie's Countrey by the way of Nemea When the Argives found they could not prevent the War they as their way was sent two Heralds crowned with Garlands to make overtures of Peace Agesipolis answered them that the Gods did not think the Peace was fairly offered nor did he accept it but fell on which caused a terrour and put those of the City and Countrey into a Consternation The first day he dined in the Countrey of Argos and when the usual Sacrifices were offered after Supper there happ'ned an Earthquake The Lacedemonians having began their March from home sung all of them an Hymn to Neptune supposing they should return back again because Agis when formerly there hap'ned one in Elis had done the like To which Agesipolis replied that if the Earthquake had hap'ned before he had entred the Countrey he should have apprehended as if the God had opposed his Design but since it was after he thought he gave him encouragement to proceed So the next day he sacrificed to Neptune and marched a little way into the Enemies Countrey And because Agesilaus had lately made an Expedition against Argos Agesipolis inquired of the Soldiers how near he advanced to the Walls of the City and how far into the Countrey striving Champion like to outdo him in every thing For one time when he was shot at from the Turrets he repassed the Ditch that encompassed the Walls at another when most of the Argives were gone to make an Inroad into Laconia he advanced so near the Gates that those who guarded them shut out the Baeotian Horse that would have put themselves in fearing the Lacedemonians would have entred at the same time with them So that the Horse were forced to lie as close under the Walls and the Works as Bats and if some Cretans had not made an Excursion towards Nauplia several of the men and Horses had been destroyed by the Arrows Soon after when he encamped at Erctae there fell a Thunderbolt into the Camp which struck some and astonisht others so that they died And when he was designing to fortifie a small Castle at the Pass over Coelossa the Sacrifice wanted Lobes upon which he marched away with his Army and disbanded it having very much incommoded the Argives by so surprising an Invasion After this manner was the War managed by Land I will now relate what passed about the same time at Sea and
to withdraw his Contributions from Conon's Fleet. They therefore determined to send Antalcidas and ordered him to give Teribazus an Account of the State of Affairs and to negotiate a Peace between the Republick and the King. But on the contrary the Athenians scenting his Design sent their Ambassadors Conon Hermogenes Din Callisthenes Callimedon desiring the Confederates to joyn theirs and accordingly some went from the Boeotians Corinthians and Argives When they came to Teribazus Antalcidas acquainted him that his Message was to desire a Peace of the King for the Republick and such an one too as the King himself would gladly have For the Lacedemonians would not contend with the King about the Greek Cities in Asia but be satisfied if the Isles and the other Cities only might enjoy their own Laws And why then said he since our Design is such do the rest of the Greeks or the King make War upon us or to what end does he wast his Treasure For the Athenians cannot make War against the King without our Conduct nor we if the Cities be restored to their Liberty Teribazus was hugely taken with Antalcidas's Proposals though the opposite Party thought they were but mere talk for the Athenians were afraid to consent that the Cities and Islands should enjoy their own Laws lest they should lose Lemnos Imbrus and Scirus the Thebans lest they should be obliged to restore the Cities of Baeotia to their Liberty the Argives also lest they should forgo Corinth which they earnestly desired to retain yet at last this Treaty came to nothing and the Ambassadors departed home Teribazus though he thought it not safe for him to joyn with the Lacedemonians except he had the Kings Orders for it nevertheless gave Antalcidas Money underhand for the Lacedemonians to fit out a Fleet with that so they and their Allies might be the more disposed to a Peace Moreover he kept Conon Prisoner for the Injuries he had done the King believing the report that the Lacedemonians gave of him After that he went up to acquaint the King with what the Lacedemonians said and that he had seized Conon as an Offender and to know how he should govern himself in these Affairs When he came to Court the King sent Struthas to take care of the Fleet one firmly addicted to the Interest of the Athenians and their Allies not forgetting what the King's Provinces had suffered by Agesilaus But when the Lacedemonians saw he was ill affected towards them and favoured the Athenians they sent Thimbro to manage the War against him who passed into Asia Ephesus Priene Leueophrys Achilleum and marching with his Forces from the Towns situate in the Plains of Maeander he harassed and destroyed the King's Countrey A while after Struthas observing that Thimbro always went out in disorder and contemned his Enemy sent a Party of Horse into the Plains commanding them to make an Excursion and drive before them what Booty they could light on At that time Thimbro was at Dinner in Thersander's Tent who was not only a good Piper but a Pretender to Robustness having been brought up in the Spartan Discipline Struthas observing that the formost were but a small Party and charged in disorder appeared with a strong Body of Horse in excellent order and at the first Onset killed Thimbro and Thersander After these fell they put the rest to flight and cut in pieces a great many in the Pursuit Some escaped to the Towns of the Confederates but the greater part perished for want of timely assistance For Thimbro at that time as at several others went to relieve his men without acquainting the main Body of his Forces therewith and thus Affairs stood in Asia At that time the Rhodians who were banished by the Populacy came to Lacedemon and declared how dishonourable it would be to let the Athenians subdue Rhodes and get such an Accession of Strength Hereupon the Lacedemonians considering if the People prevailed that Rhodes would fall into the hands of the Athenians but if the Principal men into theirs fitted out eight Sail under the Command of Ecdicus and sent Diphridas on Board them with order to pass into Asia and keep those Cities faithful which had received Thimbro to recruit the Forces which were left and to make War with them upon Struthas Diphridas observed his Orders and amongst his other Successes took Tigranes and his Wife the Daughter of Struthas in their Journey to Sardes on whom he set so high a Ransome that with it he raised Money enough to pay his Army He was had in as great esteem by the Souldiers as Thimbro being one who had the Government of himself and accomplisht whatsoever he undertook When Ecdicus arrived at Cnidus and understood that the people were Masters both at Sea and Land and that they had a Fleet as strong again as his he lay still But the Lacedemonians hearing that he had too small a force to assist their Allies with ordered Teleutias to sail about to him with twelve Ships that he lay with in the Bay of Achaia and the Lechaeum to discharge Ecdicus to protect all those who would come in to their Alliance and to do the Enemy what mischief he could After Teleutias came to Samos he took some Ships from thence and sailed to Cnidus Ecdicus went home but Teleutias went to Rhodes with a Fleet of seven and twenty Sail and in his way thither met with Philocrates Son of Ephialtes going with ten Gallies from Athens to Cyprus to the assistance of Evagoras and took them every one Here an accident hapned which thwarted both their Designs for the Athenians being in league with the King assisted Evagoras his Enemy and though the Lacedemonians were at war with the King yet Teleutias destroyed those that went to fight against him Afterwards Teleutias returned to Cnidus and sold the Prizes from whence he went to Rhodes and succoured the Lacedemonian party Upon this the Athenians fearing the Lacedemonians might recover the Soveraignty of the Sea sent out Thrasybulus the Styrensian with forty Sail of Ships who put to Sea but went not to the relief of Rhodes supposing it would be no easie matter for him to infest the Lacedemonian Allies who had the Garisons to protect them by land and Teleutias ready with his Fleet at Sea Nor could the Allies be subdued because they had Garisons were stronger and had been victorious Thereupon he sailed to the Hellespont and meeting with no Enemy thought he could do some signal piece of Service for being at first inform'd that there was a Rupture between Amadocus King of the Odrysians and Seuthes Lord of the Seacoast of Thrace he made them Friends and received them into the Alliance concluding if these were at amity that the Greek Cities in Thrace would adhere more firmly to the Athenian interest Having setled Affairs in so good a condition and being in amity with the Asiatic Cities by reason of the League between the King and the
Athenians he went to Byzantium and sold the Customs of those Ships which came from the Pontus and changed the Government of the Byzantines from an Aristocracy to a Democracy so that the Byzantines were not at all concern'd to see such numbers of Athenians in their City When he had performed this and made an Alliance with the Chalcedonians he sailed out of the Hellespont and finding all the Towns in Lesbos except Mitylene take part with the Lacedemonians he attackt no place till he had first taken four hundred men out of his Fleet at Mitylene and form'd them and the Exiles who had fled thither into a body and joyn'd them with the stoutest men of the Mitylenians He gave every one of them hopes To the Mitylenians that if he mastered the rest of Lesbos they should command the whole To the Exiles that if they assisted him in the recovery of the particular Towns they would be in a capacity of being restored to their own Countries again To the Seamen that if they could bring Lesbos into the Alliance of the Athenians they should greatly enrich themselves thereby When he had thus encouraged the men he drew them up and marched with them to Mithymna But Therimachus Governour of the place for the Lacedemonians understanding Thrasybulus was coming against him took the Seamen from on board his Ships together with the Methymnean and Mitylenian Exiles and met him at the Frontiers where they had an Engagement in which Therimachus was killed and a great many slain in the pursuit After this he took some Cities by composition but foraged the Country about those which held out and raised pay for his Souldiers out of the Spoyls From thence he hastened to Rhodes to levy a strong body of men there and when he had raised Contribution at several places he went to Aspendus and sailed up the River Eurymedon with his Fleet. He had formerly received money from the Aspendians and now the Country-men being injured by the Souldiers they in a rage fell upon the Athenians by night and killed Thrasybulus in his Tent who ended his days in this manner having had the reputation of being a good man. The Athenians chose Argyrius to succeed him in the Fleet. The Lacedemonians receiving intelligence that the Athenians had sold the Customs of the Pontic Ships at Byzantium that they were possest of Chalcedon and that the other Cities on the Hellespont were in a good condition because Pharnabazus was their Ally thought it was high time to look about them And altho' they could object nothing against Dercyllidas yet Anaxibius by favour of the Ephori procured himself to go Governour of Abydus and undertook if they would give him a Fleet and pay off his men to make War with the Athenians after such a rate as should change the face of things in the Hellespont Hereupon they gave him three Gallies and Pay for a thousand Mercenaries and dispatched him away When he arrived he raised more Forces and wrested some of the Eolic Towns from Pharnabazus and whilst he was gone against Abydus with his own Army and the Forces of the other Cities Anaxibius on the contrary fell upon them and laid wast their Territories Afterwards he fitted out three Ships more at Abydus besides those he had and when he took any Ships that belonged either to the Athenians or their Confederates he carried them in thither When the Athenians received intelligence hereof they feared he would undo all that Thrasybulus had done before in the Hellespont whereupon they sent out Iphicrates against him with eight Sail and 1200 Targetiers being most of those he commanded at Corinth For the Argives having possest themselves of Corinth declared they had no occasion for them because Iphicrates had put some to death who favoured their interest whereupon he return'd home and lived privately When he arrived at the Chersonese he and Anaxibius sent out Foragers on both sides and with them they carried on the War one with another A while after Iphicrates hearing that Anaxibius was gone to Antandrus with the Mercenaries Lacedemonians and 200 Abydenian heavy-arm'd men and understanding that Antandrus had surrendred to him he guessed that he would put in a Garison there and return with the Abydenians Whereupon he passed over in the Night at a place which was freest from the discovery of the Abydenians and when he had possessed himself of the Hills he placed an Ambush He commanded also the Gallies which transported him to cruise off the shoar by break of day that they might seem to be going to collect Tribute Nor was he mistaken for though Anaxibius had not an auspicious Sacrifice yet he departed from Antandrus and despised the Ceremonies partly because he marched through a Friends Country and to a City of the Confederates partly because he understood by those he met that Iphicrates was sailed back to Praeconnesus and therefore marched more carelesly Iphicrates did not rise out of the Ambuscade whilst Anaxibius's Army was on even ground but after the Abydenians which were in the Van had entred the Plain by Cremastes where there were Gold Mines the rest of the Army went down the Hill being followed by Anaxibius and the Lacedemonians And then Iphicrates rising up gave a furious charge upon Anaxibius who when he saw that there was no hopes of escaping and that his Army was extended in length and in a strait place that they could not come up the ascent of the Hill to his assistance being already past it and that all were in a Consternation by reason of the Ambuscade he said to those who were near him Gentlemen Here I must die but do ye consult your own safety before you engage with the Enemy And when he had said so he took a Shield from his Squire and fought till he died upon the Spot His * He was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and bred up under some great man who was to be an example of vertue to him So was Lysander under Agesilaus Plut. Vbbo Em. Page also who staid with him and the 12 Lacedemonian Governours which followed him out of the Town fell together with him the rest were slain in the pursuit of the others near 200 were killed and of the Abydenian heavy-arm'd men 50 Iphicrates having performed these Exploits return'd to the Chersonese XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB V. THE CONTENTS Teleutias a famous General Antalcidas returns from Persia with Articles of Peace and a Peace is made Mantinea taken and the Citizens obliged to live in Villages The Citadel of Thebes betrayed to the Lacedemonians and recovered Teleutias slain at Olynthus Agesipolis dies The Lacedemonians Power declines The Thebans draw the Athenians into the War against the Lacedemonians Sphodrias impeached for beginning the War and acquitted THis was the state of Affairs betwixt the Athenians and Lacedemonians in the Hellespont The people of Aegina formerly had Commerce with the Athenians till the
Barbarian for Pay but to be able of our selves to procure Necessaries from whence they may be most honourably obtained For certainly large Contributions from the Enemy in time of War not only supply you with Provisions but gain you Reputation throughout the World. When he had ended his Speech the whole Army with a loud Acclamation bid him command them any Service whatsoever and they would obey After he had Sacrificed he spoke to them again Come fellow Souldiers take the Supper you intended and one Days Provisions then go on board forthwith that we may bend our course whither Heaven directs and arrive opportunely As soon as they were assembled he put them on board and at Night sailed to the Port of Athens sometimes refreshing the Rowers and ordering them to repose themselves other-whiles inspecting them If any one thinks he did imprudently in attempting a strong Fleet with twelve Ships let him first consider his Reasons He thought the Athenians were careless of their Fleet because it lay in Harbour and bacause Gorgopas was slain and tho' there were Guard-Ships yet he supposed it less hazardous to attack twenty at Athens than ten elsewhere For he knew that the Seamen lay on board the Ships which were abroad but that the Captains lay in their own houses in Athens and the Seamen were disperst up and down Upon these reasons he set Sail and when he came within five or six Furlongs of the Port he lay still and refreshed awhile By break of Day he stood into the Port with the rest of the Fleet and then he gave Orders to the Ships that they should neither destroy nor sink any of the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Merchant-men were round built and the Men of War of a longish form Sch. Thucyd. ad lib. 2. Merchant-men but lash those fast that were loaden and tow them out to disable any Gallies they saw upon the Guard to board the biggest Vessels and to take all the men they could Accordingly some leaping into the Digma seized the Merchants and Masters of Ships and haled them on board Whilst Teleutias was employed about this Action * A place where the Samples of Goods were shewn those in Athens hearing of it came running out to see what was the occasion of the Alarm those out of the Town hastned some to get Arms and others with the News to the City All the Athenians both heavy-armed men and Horse came with Succours as if the Piraeus had been taken In the mean while Teleutias sent his Ships to Aegina and commanded three or four Gallies to be carried thither with them whilst he with the rest coasted along Attica and when he was got clear of the Port he took a great many Fisher-boats Passage-boats full of men as they came from the Islands Then coming to Sunium he took several Barges loaden with Corn and others with Merchandise After this he went to Aegina and selling the Prizes he gave every Seaman a Months Pay advance whereby he kept the Ships well manned and the men wholly at his devotion After that he cruised about and took a great many Prizes About this time Antalcidas return'd out of Asia with Teribazus having prevailed with the King to joyn the Lacedemonians if the Athenians and their Confederates would not accept the Peace which he proposed But when he heard that Nicolochus was blockt up at Abydus by Iphicrates and Diotimus he went thither by Land and from thence put to Sea with the Fleet at Night spreading a Report as if the Chalcedonians had sent for him and entring the Harbour at Percope lay still there * Demaenetus Dionysius Leontichus Phanias The Athenian Admirals having Intelligence of his design gave him Chase to Praeconnesus but Antalcidas after they had passed by him hearing that Polyxenus was coming with twenty Sail from the Syracusians and Italians returned back again to Abydus to joyn him About the same time Thrasybulus Colyttensis set sail with eight Ships from Thrace intending to joyn the rest of the Athenian Fleet but the Scout making his sign to Antalcidas that eight Gallies were coming that way he caused twelve of the best Sailers to be manned out commanding them if they had not their Complement to take men out of the rest of the Fleet and to lie in wait for them as secretly as they could when they were passed by he gave them chase As soon as the Athenians saw them they run but the Enemies Ships sailing well soon fetcht upon them being dull ones Whereupon Antalcidas commanded the Van of his Fleet not to attack the sternmost Ships but to chase those a-head When they were taken and the sternmost saw those a-head were seized they desponded and were mastered by the Rear of Antalcidas's Fleet and thus all were taken But after Antalcidas had joyned the twenty Sail from Syracuse and some others from that part of Ionia which was in the Province of Teribazus and more from the Government of Ariobarzanes with whom he had contracted an Alliance of Hospitality it being about the time that the King of Persia sent for Pharnabazus and gave him his Daughter in marriage he had a Fleet of above eighty sail wherewith he Lorded it over the Sea prohibiting the Pontic Ships from sailing to Athens whither they were bound and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 obliged them to go into the Ports of the Confederates The Athenians seeing the Enemy had a powerful Fleet that the King had joyn'd the Lacedemonians and the Capers of Aegina blocked them up feared they should be subdued as they were before Theodotus Archon and therefore they earnestly desired a Peace In like manner the Lacedemonians keeping one Regiment in Garrison at Lechaeum and another at Orchomenus to defend the Cities that were faithful from being destroyed as also to prevent those they suspected from revolting and having a powerful Diversion at Corinth grew sick of the War. The Argives likewise understanding that an Army was to be sent against them and knowing that their former Pretexts would fail them became inclinable to a Peace Whereupon Teribazus summoned those that would comply with the Proposals of Peace sent by the King when they came together and were assembed Teribazus shew'd them the Kings Seal and read the Instrument which run thus Artaxerxes King of Persia is of opinion that he has a just Title to the Asiatic Towns The Articles of Peace brought by Antalcidas from the King of Persia as also to the Islands Clazomenae and Cyprus That the rest of the Greek Cities both greater and lesser ought to be free except Lemnos Imbros and Scirus which anciently belonged to the Athenians * It was afterwards annext to the main Land. Strab. and are still to remain in their possession whoever will not accept of these Conditions I and the Allies will make War upon them with all our Forces both by Sea and Land. The Ambassadors made their Report hereof to their respective
four hundred Horse near him partly because he admired these Troops and partly to shew respect to Derdas thereby to oblige him the more to the Service Afterwards the Enemy sallying out of the Town drew up under the Walls and marshalling their Horse in a close Body charged the Lacedemonians and Baeotians and beating Polycharmus General of the Lacedemonian Cavalry of his Horse gave him a great many wounds as he lay on the ground and killed some others At last the Horse in the right were routed and they flying the Foot that were next them gave ground so that the whole Army was in danger of being defeated had not Derdas advanced with his Horse to the Gates of the City and Teleutias seconded him with his Troops in good order which when the Olynthian Cavalry perceived they faced about and retreated with great diligence searing they should be cut off from the Gates Derdas killed a great many of their Horse as they passed by him but the Infantry being near the Walls retired back into the Town without much loss Teleutias having obtained this Advantage erected a Trophy cut down the Trees and retreated disbanding the Macedonian Troops and those of Derdas at the end of the Campagn Nevertheless the Olynthians making several Incursions into the Territories of the Lacedemonian Confederates ravaged the Country and killed the Inhabitants Early in the Spring near six hundred of the Olynthian Horse over-ran the Country about Apollonia at Mid-day Menaâ—der Archon and foraged in small Parties The same day Derdas arrived with his Cavalry and Dined there When he saw the Inroad he lay still having the Horses in readiness and their Riders armed But the Olynthians advancing to the Suburbs and Gates of the Town in contempt of him he went out against them with a body of men As soon as they discovered him they sell to flight and he having put them once to the rout gave not over pursuing and slaying for ninety Furlongs together and followed them up to the Walls of Olynthus 'T was reported that Derdas killed eighty of their Cavalry in this Action and from this time the Enemy kept themselves within their Walls tilling but little ground Some time after Teleutias moved to the Walls of Olynthus destroying every Tree and all the ground that was tilled On the contrary the Olynthian Horse going out and marching gently passed the River that ran by the Town and advanced slowly towards the Enemy Teleutias seeing them was provoked by their boldness and ordered Tlemonidas who commanded the Targetiers instantly to charge them with sull speed When the Olynthians discovered them running before the rest of the Army they faced about and making a gentle Retreat repassed the River The Lacedemonians followed them very boldly and as they retreated the others pursued and passed the River after them The Olynthian Horse thinking they could master those that were already come over saced about and charged them killing Tlemonides with above a hundred more When Teleutias saw it he was enraged and taking up his Arms again he instantly drew out the Heavy-arm'd men and commanded the Targetiers and Horse to pursue without any intermission Hereby it hapned that as several indiscreetly followed the Enemy too near the Wall they came short home for they being shot at from the Turrets were forced to retire in disorder and defend themselves from the Arrows The Olynthians being supported with a body of Targetiers charged with their Horse and at length the Heavy-arm'd men run out and attacked the disordered Troops of the Enemy In this Skirmish Teleutias died fighting which when those near him saw they gave ground nor did the rest stand any longer but were totally routed some flying to Spartolus others to Acanthus some to Apollonia and most of them to Potidaea Thus as they fled several ways dispersedly so the Enemy pursuing them in small bodies killed abundance and those too the slower of that great Army From these Accidents men may learn this general Instruction Not to correct Servants in their passion for sometimes they have suffered more themselves in their Commotions than what they have inflicted upon others And to attack an Enemy rather in a rage than upon mature deliberation is the most unpardonable fault in the World. Passion is inconsiderate but Reason is no less circumspect to secure it self than to annoy an Enemy When the Lacedemonians received News of this Disaster Demophilus Archon they resolved to send a considerable Force to take down the Pride of the Victors and not to make a fruitless Expedition as the former was They made a Decree and sent King Agesipolis to be their General with thirty Commissioners as they had done before to Agesilaus when he marcht into Asia Many of the Neighbouring people who were valiant men went Voluntiers and several of the Mercenaries that were bred in the Service as also the Natural Sons of the Spartans that were comely men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for studious men è Proem ad Ex. de leg Hist Byz and had been educated in the Spartan Discipline several Voluntiers too went out of the Confederate Towns amongst which were some Thessalian Horse who had a desire to signalize themselves before Agesipolis Amyntas and Derdas likewise pursued the War now more vigorously than formerly At that time Agesipolis having got his Army together marched to Olynthus In the mean while the Phliasian Republick having been commended by Agesipolis for contributing so largely and readily to the carrying on of the War and supposing that whilst he was abroad Agesilaus would not come against them nor that both Kings would leave Sparta at the same time treated the recalled Exiles very rudely and contrary to all justice For the banished men prayed that their Cases might be heard at an indifferent Tribunal but they compelled the Exiles to try them in their own City and though they pleaded that no justice could be expected there where the same were Judges and Parties too yet for all this they had no hearing After that the recalled Exiles being accompanied with several others from home went to Lacedemon and accused their Republick alledging that many of their Citizens had not justice done them The Phliasian Government provoked by this fined all those that went thither without a Deputation from the City and they who were fined remained there fearing to return home and declared that things were arbitrarily carried on by those who banished them and expulsed the Lacedemonians that they had bought up the Exiles Goods and forcibly detain'd them having procured that they should be fined for coming to Lacedemon that so none for the future should dare to go thither and discover what was done in the City The Ephori plainly apprehending by this that the Phliasians would grow insolent Olymp. 100. Pytheus Archon decreed to send an Army against them and Agesilaus was glad of this opportunity For Podanemus and his relatious the guests of his Father
disbanded them all departing home The Athenians taking into consideration Callias Archon that the Lacedemonians had a Formidable Power that they had passed by Attica to attack Thebes and that the Corinthian War was ended tried two of those Captains which conspired with Millo against Leontiades Party one whereof they executed and the other they banished because he fled from Justice The Thebans also fearing lest they should be left alone in the War against the Lacedemonians found out this contrivance They as 't is thought corrupted Spodrias Governour of Thespiae to enter Attica and engage the Athenians in a War with the Lacedemonians He hearkned to them and undertook to surprize the Piraeus which was yet without Gates In order thereto he refreshed his men and marched out of Thespiae very early giving out that he would reach the Piraeus by Day though it was Day when he arrived at Thria so that he could not conceal his Design from being discovered Therefore in his return he drove away the Cattle and plundered the Houses Some that met him came flying by Night to the City and informed the Athenians that a great Army was entred their Countrey whereupon the Heavy-armed men and Horse that were upon the Guard armed At that time the * Etymocles Aristolochus Ocellus Lacedemonian Ambassadors at Athens were entertained by Callias their Publick Host but when this News came the Athenians seized them and committed them to safe Custody suspecting them to be concerned in this Conspiracy The Ambassadors being amazed at it made their Defence saying they would ne'r have been such Fools if they had known the Piraeus was to have been seized as to have remained in the City under their Power nor with a Publick Host where they might so easily be found out adding that it would appear the Lacedemonians themselves knew nothing of it and that they would soon hear that the Republick would punish Sphodrias Thus they having purged themselves were discharged The Ephori recalling Sphodrias impeached him of High Treason and he being frighted made no appearance yet was acquitted Many thought these Proceedings of the Lacedemonians were unjust The reason hereof was this Sphodrias had a Son named Cleonymus newly come to man's Estate being the most beautiful and renowned of his Equals whom Archidamus Agesilaus's Son intirely loved Cleombrotus's Friends being very intimate with Sphodrias were inclined to acquit him but because he had committed so hainous a crime they feared as well Agesilaus and his Party as those that were indifferent A while after Sphodrias said to Cleonymus Son you may save your Father's Life by intreating Archidamus to prevail with his Father to be favourable to me in my Trial. He hearing him say so put on confidence and going to Archidamus begged of him to bring his Father off Archidamus seeing Cleonymus weep wept too and after he had heard his Petition said to him you know Cleonymus I am not able to look my Father in the face but when I would carry any thing in the City I make use rather of any than him Yet since you command me assure your self I 'll use my utmost endeavour to serve you herein After that Archidamus went home from the Publick Eating-place and reposed himself in the Morning as soon as he was up he took care to observe his Father's walking abroad and when he saw him go forth if there were any of the Spartans by he let them discourse with his Father and if there were any Strangers or Servants that desired to make their Addresses he gave way for them too At length as Agesilaus was returning home from the Eurotas The River on which Sparta stands Archidamus went away and came not near his Father and the next day he did so again Agesilaus suspecting for what he went after him so askt him no Questions but let him go his way In the mean time Archidamus you may be sure had a great desire to see Cleonymus but to go to him before he had discoursed his Father he could not Then Sphodrias's Friends seeing Archidamus did not come to his House so often as he was wont were at their Wits end lest Agesilaus should have given him a rebuff At last Archidamus ventured to go and thus accosted him Father Cleonymus desired of me to beg of you that you would save his Fathers Life and I make it my request that it may be granted Agesilaus answered him I forgive you but I don't see how I shall get my own pardon from the Republick for not condemning one that has taken Bribes to the prejudice of his Countrey At that time he replied nothing again being convinced by the Justice of what his Father said but went his way Yet afterwards whether he took notice of it by his own motion or that it was hinted to him by some body else he went to him and said Father I know that if Sphodrias had not offended you would have acquitted him for Innocencie's sake and if he has pardon him for mine Agesilaus made him this Answer if it be consistent with my Honor it shall be so which when he heard he went away with small hopes About that time one of Sphodrias's Friends discoursing with Etymocles said I believe all you that are of Agesilaus's Party will be for putting Sphodrias to death Etymocles replied why should we not follow Agesilaus's Opinion seeing he tells every one he discourses about it that it is impossible to bring him off Yet it would be hard for him to be put to death in the Flower of his Age who has behaved himself so well when a Child a Youth and a Man grown for Sparta wants such Soldiers He hearing this told it Cleonymus who being pleased therewith went directly to Archidamus saying Now I know you have a respect for me and I would have you rest satisfied that my endeavours shall be so as your love mayn't be misplaced Nor was he deceived in him for he behaved himself honourably in his Countrey as long as he lived and fought at Leuctra under General Dino before the King where charging in the formost of the Battel he fell in the midst of the Enemy greatly afflicting Archidamus Nor was he according to his Promise a Dishonour but a Credit to him After this manner Sphodrias got off whereupon the Athenians that favoured the Interest of the Boeotian Faction possessed the People that the Lacedemonians were so far from punishing Sphodrias that they commended him for plotting against Athens Upon that the Athenians immediately after made Gates to the Piraeus built Ships and vigorously assisted the Boeotians The Lacedemonians decreed that an Army should be sent against the Thebans and desired Agesilaus to take the Command of it esteeming him one of better Conduct than Cleombrotus He told them that he would comply with the pleasure of the State what ever it was and so prepared for his march But when he understood that it would be no easie matter to enter the Thebans Countrey
unless he was first possest of Cithaeron and being advertised that the Cletorians were at War with the Orchomenians and had entertained Mercenary Troops in their Service he treated with them to lend him those Forces in case he had occasion for them After he had obtained an auspicious Sacrifice for his Expedition he sent before he arrived with his Army at Tegea to the General of the Mercenaries that served under the Cletorians and gave them a Months pay commanding them to go and possess themselves of Cithaeron and ordered the Orchomenians to forbear Hostilities threatning also that if any City should make War during the time of this Expedition he would persuant to the Decree of the Confederates fall immediately upon them After he had passed Cithaeron he arrived at Thespiae and parting from thence with his Army he marched into the Thebans Countrey and finding the Plain and best Parts of it entrenched and fortified with Palisadoes he encamped in several Places and after Dinner sent out Parties to burn and destroy the Countrey that lay before his Works For wheresoever Agesilaus marched the Enemy appeared upon the Defensive Part within their Trenches But when he returned to his Camp the Theban Horse lying under a Covert sallied out of the Avenews about the time the Targetiers were getting their Supper ready and preparing for it the Horse being partly mounted and dismounted They charged and killed Cleo and Epilytidas two Spartan Horsemen as also Eudicus one of the Neighbourhood of Sparta with some of the Athenian Exiles that had not yet mounted But when Agesilaus faced about and came to their Assistance with the Heavy-armed men and Horse supported by those that were ten years above man's estate and charged them full speed The Theban Horse shew themselves to be meer Slugs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 'T was a note of Luxury and Sottishness to sleep after Dinner Athen. standing their Ground only till the Cavalry advanced and threw their Lances but reached them not for as soon as they did they gave back and lost twelve of their men Agesilaus understanding that the Enemy used to appear in the Field after it was Noon sacrificed by break of Day and marching with diligence entred their Trenches through a Place that was not well guarded wasting and destroying all to the Gates of Thebes After this Action he retired to Thespiae and walled the Town appointing Phoebidas Governour of the Place and marching back again to Megara disbanded the Auxiliaries and returned home with his Spartans From that time Phoebidas sent out Foragers to ruin and destroy the Countrey about Thebes who wasted it with their continual Depredations On the contrary the Thebans to be even with them fell with all their Forces into the Thespians Countrey but whilst they were there Phoebidas observed them and obliged them to keep together in a close Body So that the Thebans being weary of their invasion hastened their Retreat out of the Countrey the Muletiers also threw away the Corn they carried and drave their Mules home so great a Consternation was the Army in Then Phoebidas taking the Targetiers along with him commanded the Heavy-armed men to follow and pressed the Enemy very hard hoping to give them a total Defeat For he led on very boldly encouraging his men to set seriously to their Work and the Thespian Heavy-armed men to follow The Theban Cavalry getting together in a Body retired to a Forest that could not be passed through and there they turned upon the Enemy because there was no way to retreat Whereupon the formost of the Lacedemonian Targetiers being few in number and struck with a terror fell to flight Which the Theban Horse seeing they were encouraged to fall upon those that fled and soon after Phoebidas with two or three more that fought by him were slain Whereupon all the Mercenaries fled When they came in their pursuit to the Heavy-armed men of the Thespians these who before disdained to yield to the Thebans turned their backs though pursued by none because it was late in the Evening and though but few of them were slain yet they stopped not till they had a Wall between them and their Enemy By this Action the Theban Affairs recovered new Life again so that they made War upon the Thespians and other Neighbouring Cities causing the People to remove from these Places to Thebes there being in those Towns the same Government as in that City by which the Friends of the Lacedemonians were weakned there After Phaebidas was slain the Lacedemonians sent a Colonel with a Regiment by Sea to put into the Garison at Thespiae In the Spring the Lacedemonians sent an Army against Thebes Olymp. 101. Chariander Archon and intreated Agesilaus to command it He took the same Measures in this Expedition as in the other sending before he had an auspicious Sacrifice to the Colonel at Thespiae to possess himself of the Pass over Cithaeron and keep it till he himself arrived thither When Agesilaus passed this Hill and came to Plataeae he made as if he would first march to Thespiae sending thither and ordering Provisions to be got ready and the Deputies to expect him there The Day following Agesilaus sacrificed by break of Day and reaching Erythroe performed two days march in one and passed the Trench at Scolum before the Thebans came from the Guard of that Post where he entred at first Having performed this he destroyed the Thebans Countrey as far as that of Tanagra which hitherto was defended by Hypatadorus and his men the Lacedemonian Allies and retreated to the left of the Town The Thebans coming upon him drew up in Batallia at a Place called the Old Woman's Breast having secured their Rear with a Ditch and Palisado supposing they might easily hazard a Battle there because the Place was very narrow and not easily accessible Agesilaus seeing this did not attack them but marched a contrary way towards Thebes the Thebans being in pain for their City because it was naked left the place where they were drawn up and hastned thither with diligence by the way that leads to Potniae that being the securest This was esteemed a neat Stratagem for Agesilaus by retiring a good distance from the Enemy obliged them also to retreat full speed besides the Colonels flanked them with some Regiments as they passed by On the other hand the Thebans darted their Javelins from the Hill so that Alipetus one of the Colonels was killed therewith Yet the Thebans were beaten from this Hill and the Sciritae ascending with a Party of Horse cut off some of their Rear as they passed by towards Thebes When the Thebans were advanced near the Walls they faced about which the Sciritae seeing retired with diligence and though not one of them was lost yet the Thebans erected a Trophy because the Enemy retreated from the Place to which they had first ascended The Season being advanced Agesilaus parted thence and encamped in a Place where he discovered the
with Who either by Stratagem Surprize or Force rarely misses of his Enterprize The Day and Night are all one to him and when Expedition is required he can Eat and March at the same time thinking 'tis then only time to Repose when he is arrived whither he intended and has accomplished what he designed He has also inured his Souldiers to the same hardship understanding how to gratifie the desires of his men when they have adventured hard and to suit his Rewards to their Fancies So that those who serve under him have learnt the result of their Toils to be certain Recreation and pleasure And this advantage he has that never any man was more abstemious from bodily pleasures being never diverted by them from dispatching his business 'T is your concern therefore to consider of these things and to let me know both what you can and what you intend to do Thus he spake the Lacedemonians deferred their Answer and taking into consideration the next day and the day following how many Regiments they had abroad and how many Gallies to fight the Athenians with as also what Forces they had to carry on the War against the Borderers return'd him this Answer That at present they were not in a condition to send him sufficient Succours but exhorted him to go home and put his own Affairs and those of the City in the best posture he could He commended the plain dealing of the Republick and departed Afterwards he went to Jason and entreated him not to oblige him to deliver up the City of Pharsalus but permit him to keep it for them that had committed it to his care and gave his Children for Hostages promising to bring over the City by a free Consent and make him Captain-General Whereupon immediately Hostages being exchanged the Pharsalians obtained Peace and Jason by an universal consent was declared Captain General of the Thessalians After he was chosen he appointed what Quotas of Horse and heavy-armed men each City should furnish having above eight thousand Horse together with the Confederates of heavy-armed men no less than twenty thousand and Targetiers enough to fight any Army whatsoever It would be too tedious a piece of work to reckon up what a number of considerabe Cities were subject to him He ordered all the Neighbouring-people to pay the same Tribute they did in Scopas's time and thus things stood on that side Now I leave Jason's Affairs and return to the place where I made my Digression The Lacedemonians and Confederates assembling in Phocis the Thebans retired into their own Territories and guarded the Passes The Athenians seeing the Thebans though raised by them contribute no Ship-money that they themselves were fleeced with Taxes suffered Depredations from the Aegineans and maintained Garisons were very desirous to bring the War to a conclusion and sent Ambassadors to Lacedemon in order to make a Peace Immediately two of the Ambassadors setting sail from thence by order of the Republick commanded Yimotheus to return home with the Fleet because peace was made In his return he carried the Exiles of Zacynthus and put them a-shore in their own Country Thereupon the Zacynthians sent to Lacedemon and acquainted them with the Injuries they had suffered from Timotheus the Lacedemonians supposing the Athenians had broken the Peace by this action fitted out another Fleet forthwith getting together sixty Sail * From Lacedemon Corinth Leucas Ambracia Elis Zacynthus Achaia Epidaurus Troezen Hermione and the Halieans and appointed Mnasippus Admiral giving him Commission amongst other things to make an Attempt upon Corcyra and to guard the Seas They sent also to Dionysius to let him know that it was his Concern not to suffer Corcyra to remain in the hands of the Athenians Mnasippus having assembled his Fleet went against Corcyra with fifteen hundred Mercenaries besides those from Lacedemon There he making a Descent took the Island and burnt the Country which was neatly Cultivated and Planted having stately Houses and Wine-Cellars in several places Insomuch they report the Souldiers grew so dainty that they would drink none but †This Liquor so much prized by the Ancients was made of new Wine and a mixture of Sea-water their Wines also were perfumed with Violers Roses and other fragrant Flowers Athen. lib. 1. Aromatick-Wine A great many Prisoners and Cattel were also taken in the Country After that Mnasippus encamped on a Hill five Furlongs distant from the City in the Front of the Island that so he might cut off any Forces which entred the Island on that side On the other he lay with the Fleet supposing he could discover any Ships that were going thither and prevent them from landing Moreover he rode in the Port and blockt up the City when he was not hindred by storms The Corcyreans seeing they could get nothing out of the Country because it was possessed by the Enemy and that nothing could be imported by Sea being overpowred there became greatly distressed and sent to desire Succours of the Athenians acquainting them that the taking Corcyra would be both a great loss to them and an accession of strength to the Enemy For no City furnished more Money or Ships than theirs excepting Athens Besides Corcyra lay commodiously for the Bay of Corinth and the places that belonged to it as also opportunely for the infesting Laconia but most advantagiously for the opposite Continent and the Passage out of Sicily into Peloponnesus The Athenians hearing this and thinking it a matter of very great Importance sent Stesicles Commander in Chief with about six hundred Targetiers requesting Alcetas to transport them Accordingly he landed them at a certain place in the Island by Night and so they got into the City Besides they equipped sixty Sail of Ships and appointed Timotheus Admiral who went to the Islands endeavoured to make up their Complement there because he could not fit them out at Athens accounting it a matter of no small moment to go with Precipitation against a Fleet that was already united The Athenians concluding he trifled and wasted the time of Action forgave him not but put him out of Commission and chose Iphicrates in his room who in a very small time fitted out a Fleet with great diligence obliging those that were bound to set out Gallies to equip them taking the Paralus and Salaminia which in a more special manner attended the Service of the Publick and what Ships soever he met with on the Coast of Attica telling them that if things succeeded well in Corcyra he would send several back again and got together a Fleet of about seventy Sail. In the mean while the Corcyreans were so distressed with Famine that Mnasippus by reason of the numbers of Deserters declared by Proclamation That all such should be sold for Slaves Nevertheless when some deserted for all that he whipt them and sent them back again On the contrary the Besieged would not receive their Slaves into the Town so that they died without
all gone ashore Only Mnasippus the Rhodian advised the rest not to abide there and shipping his men departed and though he met Iphicrates's Fleet yet he made his escape but the Syracusian Ships were taken men and all Iphicrates took off the Jacks of those Ships and towed them into the Port of Corcyra and set a certain Ransom on every man except Anippus the Admiral whom he kept either to get a good Sum out of or else for a Market but he for grief laid violent hands on himself The rest Iphicrates discharged having taken the Corcyreans security for payment of their Ransoms His own Seamen he maintained by employing them in Husbandry for the Corcyreans and transported the Targetiers and Heavyar'd men into Acarnania to assist the Confederate Towns where ever there was occasion After that he made War upon the Thyreans a valiant People being possessed of a strong Town Then he joyned the Corcyrcan Fleet and making ninety Sail went first to Cephallenia to raise Contribution which some paid freely and some by constraint In the next place he went and ravaged the Lacedemonians Country and took in the Towns in those parts either by surrender or if they were obstinate by force Of all Iphicrates's Voyages this in my opinion deserves not the least praise I also approve of his taking Callistratus the Orator along with him though no very agreeable man for such an Employment and Chabrias who had the Reputation of being a great General For if he thought them wise men and so took them for his Counsellors this was prudently done Or if he thought them to be Enemies yet he had such confidence in himself as to be taken doing no ill thing either through cowardize or negligence This in my opinion was done like a man that was both brave and bold And these were the Exploits of Iphicrates The Athenians seeing the Plataeans their Allies driven out of Boeotia already Olym. 102. Alcisthenes Archon the Thespieans flying to them for Succors and begging of them not to see them dispossessed of their Country did not at all like these Proceedings of the Thebans yet they thought they could not in honour make War upon them nor did they think it agreeable to their Interest But when they saw them employ their Arms against the Phoceans their ancient Allies and Raze the Cities which had been faithful to them in the Persian War and were still in Amity with them they would be no longer concerned with their Affairs Hereupon the Athenians decreeing to make Peace sent Ambassadors first to the Thebans exhorting them if they thought fit to go for Peace to Lacedemon and accordingly they dispatched Ambassadors thither * There being amongst those that were chosen Callias Son of Hipponicns Autocles Son of Strombichides Demostratus Son of Aristopho Aristocles Cephisodotus Melanopus and Lycanthus When they came to the General Assembly of the Lacedemonians and Allies Callistratus the Orator was there also who had promised Iphicrates if he would send him either to procure Money for the Fleet or to make Peace and from that time he had been at Athens Negotiating a Peace They being introduced before the States Callias the †He that carried a Torch in Procession in the Feast of Ceres Callias's Speech Torch-bearer the Chief of the Embassy who was a sort of a man that had a great Conceit of himself and loved that others should have so too began after this manner Not only I my Lords of Lacedemon have been your Publick Host but my Father and Grandfather have transmitted this Hereditary Friendship down to their Posterity I will inform you how the State stands affected to our Family In time of War they choose us Generals and when they desire Peace they make us their Ambassadors I my self came hither twice before about concluding the War and in both my Embassies I made Peace between the two Nations Now I come a third time and hope to obtain an Accommodation upon more reasonable Terms For I observe we are both of a mind both having alike resented the Razing of Thespiae and Plataeae Is it not reason then that those who are of the same Interest should be rather Friends than Enemies Certainly no wise men will engage in a War upon small Differences now if we be of the same mind it will be no wonder if a Peace ensue thereupon In justice we ought not to make War with one another being Triptolemus our Progenitor is reported first to have brought Corn into Peloponnesus and to have initiated Hercules your Founder together with Castor and Pollux your Country-men the first of any Strangers into the secret Mysteries of Ceres and Proserpine How then can you in justice come and destroy their Corn from whom you at first received your Seed And ought not we to wish them all Necessaries in great abundance on whom we formerly bestowed them If it be decreed by Heaven that Wars must be amongst men we ought to begin them as slowly as may be and when begun to bring them to as speedy a conclusion as we can After him began Autocles one that was esteemed a very subtile Orator Though I know very well Autocles's Speech my Lords of Lacedemon what I am going to say will not be very grateful to you yet in my opinion they that would make a lasting Peace should first declare to each other the causes of the War You always pretended that the Cities should enjoy their own Laws yet you your selves are the greatest Opposers of their Liberty This is the very first Article of all your Treaties That your Confederates should serve you in all your Wars but how is this consistent with their Liberty being you declare any to be enemies without Communicating it and then lead your Allies against them so that those you are pleased to call Free are necessitated to bear Arms against the best of their Friends Besides you Constitute Governours by Ten men in one place and by Thirty in another not regarding whether these Magistrates Govern according to Law so they be but able to contain those Cities in Obedience to you by force whereby you seem to be more taken with a tyrannical than moderate Government When the King proposed that the Cities should enjoy their own Laws you pretended that the Thebans acted contrary to the Kings Letters for not permitting each City to be governed by its own Magistrates and Laws but you when you were once possessed of the Citadel would not so much as suffer the Thebans themselves to enjoy their own Priviledges They who would make Peace must not expect reasonable Terms from others when they stick at nothing whereby to aggrandize themselves He put them all to silence and those who had suffered by the Lacedemonians heard him with great satisfaction After him Callistratus spake Callistratus's Speech I can't deny my Lords of Lacedemon but that there have been miscarriages on both sides yet my meaning is not that we must ne're be
reconciled to those who have once offended us I never yet could see any man without his failing Men I find grow wiser sometimes by their miscarriages especially if they have smarted for them as we both have done I observe that some things which were unjustly carried on have thwarted your Designs such was the surprizal of the Citadel in Thebes For when you made it your whole business to restore the Cities their own Laws as soon as ever the Thebans were unjustly treated all the rest sided with them So that I hope you will learn from hence that Ambition very rarely turns to a good account and that for the future you will carry it with Moderation in your Alliances to others They that would oppose the Treaty maliciously report as if we were not desirous of Peace but afraid lest Antalcidas should return from the King with Money Consider with your selves how idely these men talk for the King required in his Letters That all the Cities in Greece should be free and if we both say and do according to the tenour of them what need we fear the King Does any one think that he had rather be at a vast Expence to make others great than to have what he has a mind to done without Expence But admit it be so why then came we hither You may easily apprehend with a little Consideration that Necessity brought us not if you do but call to mind what has been lately done either at Sea or Land What then can be the reason For certain some of the Confederates do that which is neither for our Interest nor yours We have ingeniously declared to you our Sentiments in return for your having been a means of preserving us Now if I must speak of the Advantage to be expected from a War some Cities will side with ours and some with yours and in every one some there will be who will favour the Athenians and others that will take part with the Lacedemonians If therefore both Nations were at Amity whom could we have any apprehensions of If ye are our Friends who can incommode us by Land and if we stand by you who can molest you by Sea We all know that Wars often break out and are again composed and though we don't now yet in time we may long for Peace Why then don 't we come to an Accommodation as soon as we can but still delay the time till we be overcome by the multitude of our Afflictions and some incurable Evil does arise I do not approve of those who having often bore away the Prize and gain'd Reputation thereby grow so in love with Combating as not to forbear till they are beaten and then give over exercising Nor do I like your Dice-players who if they win one Game will double the Stake for I see many of them quite broke whom we ought so far to take example from lest we be reduced to such a Game so as either to win or lose all Let us therefore be Friends one with another whilst we are in a good and prosperous condition so we by our mutual assistance shall become more considerable in Greece than we have been any ages heretofore All of them were thought to have discourst very well and the Lacedemonians decreed that a Peace should be accepted on these Terms That they the Lacedemonians should recal all their Governours out of the Cities and disband their Armies both at Sea and Land that the Cities should enjoy their own Laws and if any should act contrary hereto that whosoever would might assist the injured Cities but if any would not they should not be obliged thereto by Oath The Lacedemonians swore to these Articles for themselves and their Allies as did the Athenians and their Confederates in the name of their respective Cities Amongst the rest that swore to the Articles the Thebans entred their Names and the day following when their Ambassadors came to desire that it might be inserted The Boeotians had ratisied the Peace instead of the Thebans Agesilaus made answer He would not alter any thing of what they had Sworn and Recorded at first and that if they would not stand to the Treaty they should be blotted out if they pleased So the rest having made Peace the Controversie remained only about the Thebans and it was the opinion of the Athenians themselves that 't was to be feared the Thebans would as it was generally discourst be * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the custom being that when a Nation was beaten the Tenths of their spoils were offered to Apollo Harpoc irrecoverably lost upon which they went away quite disheartned After this the Athenians drew their Garisons out of all the Cities and called home Iphicrates with the Fleet obliging him to restore all he had taken since the conclusion of the Peace at Lacedemon In like manner Phrasiclides Archon the Lacedemonians did the same to the Cities they were possest of When Cleombrotus who commanded the Army in Phocis consulted the Magistrates at home how he should govern himself Prothous said That in his opinion the Army ought to be Disbanded pursuant to the Treaty and notice to be given to the Cities for every one to contribute what they thought fit to the Temple of Apollo and if any opposed their Liberty then to exhort such of the Confederates as would defend the common Interest to declare War against them adding he thought the Gods in this case would be very favourable to their Cause and the Cities succour the Injured The Council hearing him say so thought he talkt idlely for in all probability they were possest and sent Orders to Cleombrotus not to Disband his Army but to march directly against the Thebans unless they would let the Cities enjoy their own Laws For Cleombrotus hearing that Peace was made sent to the Ephori for Orders and they gave him these Instructions Therefore when he understood that they were so far from restoring the Cities their Laws and Disbanding their Forces that they took the Field against him he marched with his Army into Baeotia yet did not enter from out of Phocis at a narrow Pass which was guarded by the Thebans where they expected he would but passed over the Mountains unexpectedly by the way of Thisbe and arriving at Creusis took twelve Theban Gallies together with the Town When he had performed this Exploit he marched up from the Sea-coast and Encamped at Leuctra which is in the Territory of Thespiae The Thebans had their Camp over against them at a small distance on a Hill having joyned none of the Allies except the Baeotians There Cleombrotus's Friends came to him said Cleombrotus If you suffer the Thebans to go off without fighting you 'l go nigh to lose your Head for it will not be forgotten how you did not burn the Theban's Country when you were at Cynocephale and that in another Campagn you were repulsed from the Pass over the Citheron which Agesilaus always gained
Therefore if either you regard your Honour or care for living in your own Country you must engage them This was his Friends Advice But his Enemies cried Now he will discover whether he as 't is reported has any real respect for the Thebans or no. When Cleombrotus heard this he was egg'd on to fight On the other hand the Theban Captains considered that if they gave him not Battel the adjacent Towns would revolt that they should be besieged and that if the people of Thebes wanted Provisions the City would go near to rise up against them Moreover several of those who had been banished before concluded it was better to die upon the Spot than to be banished a second time Besides an Oracle went about that the Lacedemonians should be overthrown near the * These were the Daughters of Leuctrus and Scedasus whom the Lacedemonian Ambassadors ravished and they calling to Heaven for Vengeance killed themselves Diod. Sic. l. 15. Graves of those Virgins who it was said made away themselves because they had been forced by some Lacedemonians and this put life into them The Thebans adorned the Monuments of the Virgins before the Fight News also was brought from the City that all the Temples opened of their own accord and that the Priestesses said that the Gods Prognosticated a Victory They reported also that the Arms in Hercules's Temple disappeared as if Hercules himself had been gone out to Battel Yet some say that these were only the Devices of the Generals In the Battel every thing thwarted the Lacedemonians but Fortune disposed all things well for the Thebans After Dinner Cleombrotus held the last Council of War before the Battel and because they had drank pretty well at Dinner 't was said the Wine did give them a Whet. When both Sides were armed The Battel at Leuctra and it was certain that there would be a Battel the Sutlers Drudges and such as had no mind to fight left the Baeotian Army at first but Hiero's Mercenaries and the Phocean Targetiers as also the Phliasian and Heraclean Horse fetching a compass fell upon them as they retired and drove them back pursuing them to the Camp and thereby made the Boeotian Army far more numerous and stronger than it was before There was a Plain between both Armies and in it the Lacedemonians placed their Horse before the Battel On the contrary the Thebans confronted them with theirs which by reason of the War with the Orchomenians Thespieans were well experienced but the Lacedemonian Cavalry never were in a worse condition for the richest men set out Horses so that when an Army was to be levied the man took the Horse and such Arms as were given him and went immediately into the Service thus appointed they too that served on Horse-back were men of weak bodies and without any sense of honour at all These were the Cavalry on both sides 'T is reported that the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contains 2 men and 4 Officers which being drawn up 3 in rank made 12 in File Scol Thucid lib. 5. Divisions of the Lacedemonian Phalanx were Marshalled three in Front whereby they were Twelve deep On the contrary the Thebans were drawn up Fifty deep concluding if they beat those about the King they should easily defeat the rest When Cleombrotus began to move towards the Enemy before the rest of the Army perceived that he advanced the Horse were engaged and soon routed who falling foul in their flight upon the Heavy-armed men were attacked by the Theban Troops Nevertheless one may conclude from this plain Argument that Cleombrotus had the better at first for if they that fought before him had not had the advantage at that time they could not have taken him up and carried him off alive But after General Dino and Sphodrias one of the Council of War and his Son Cleonymus were slain the Horse * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Crag Lieutenant Colonels and others that were pressed by the multitudes gave back Thereupon when their left wing saw their right disordered they retreated Nevertheless tho' many were slain yet the Vanquished repassed the Trench which was before the Camp and stood to their Arms in the place from whence they first moved for their Camp was not on a Level but rather on a rising Ground Some of the Lacedemonians thinking this Defeat was not to be endured declared they ought not to suffer the Enemy to erect a Trophy and that they were obliged not to fetch off their Slain upon Truce but by force of Arms Yet when the great Officers saw that near a thousand Lacedemonians were slain and four hundred out of seven hundred Spartans killed and that the Confederates had no mind to fight some of them being not much concerned for their loss they called the fittest men together and consulted what measures to take It was the general opinion at last to fetch off the killed upon Truce and accordingly they sent an Herald about it so the Thebans restored their Dead and erected a Trophy When the news of this Defeat was brought to Lacedemon the Ephori were troubled at it as they had reason to be yet it being the last day of the * Men and women exercised naked and exposed their bodies to the weather to make them hardy Plut. in Lyeâ—â—g Feast wherein the Children exercised naked and the mens Chorus being in the Pit they did not bid them withdraw but make an end of their Exercise and then gave an account of the Names of those that were slain to their Relations chargeing the Women not to make any howling but to conceal their loss patiently The next Day one might see those whose Relations were slain walking abroad gay and merry but a few of those appeared whose Friends were said to have escaped and those too dejected and sneaking up and down Soon after the Ephori decreed to raise an Army out of the remaining Regiments and take in men to seventy years of age for they had sent some of the same age out of the Regiments which were abroad they that were sixty five years old being gone into the Phocean War before this Fight and those that were left at home to bear the Publick Offices were ordered to go into the Service Agesilaus was not yet recovered of his Indisposition whereupon his Son Archidamus was made General whom the Tegeans willingly followed to the Wars for Stasippus Faction which sided with the Lacedemonians were still in being and carried all before them The Mantineans out of the Villages also being under an Aristocratical Government joyned them Besides these the Corinthians Sicyonians Phliasians and Acheans went readily into the Service and other Cities sent their Forces Moreover the Lacedemonians and Corinthians fitted out some Gallies and desired the Sicyonians to do the like intending to transport their Army on board them Hereupon Archidamus sacrificed for an Expedition The Thebans immediately after the Fight Dysnicetus Archon sent
Alexander had a Design against them and hid them in her House a whole Day At Night having laid him to sleep drunk she light a Candle and brought out his Sword but finding that her Brothers delayed to make their attempt upon him she told them if they would not do the Work she would awake him When they entered she pulled to the door and barred it till her Husband was dispatched Some say this hatred against her Husband was because when he had imprisoned his Page a beautiful Youth and she interceeded for his release he brought him out and cut his Throat others for that having no Children by her he had sent to Thebes and engaged himself to Jason's Wife These are the reports that go about concerning his Wife's conspiracy Tisiphonus the eldest Brother held the Government from the time of the Conspiracy till the writing of this Book And now having related the Affairs of Thessaly that were in Jason's time and from his death till the Government of Tisiphonus I return from my Digression Afterwards Archidamus who was going with Recruits to Leuctra returned home with the Army The Athenians considering that the Peloponnesians thought they were stil obliged to serve the Lacedemonians in the Wars and that the Lacedemonians were now in the same condition they had formerly reduced the Athenians to sent about to all the Cities that would come into the League proposed by the King. When they met together they made a Decree that those who were to come into the Treaty should take this Oath I will maintain the Peace prescribed by the King as also the Decrees of the Athenians and their Allies If any one shall make War against any of these Cities that have sworn to this Peace I will oppose them with my utmost Power All the rest were very well satisfied with the Oath only the Eleans objected that the Cities of the Marganeans Scylluntians and Triphylians might not be free because these were their Towns. But the Athenians and the rest decreeing that pursuant to the King's Letters both the lesser and greater Cities should be free they deputed some to go and swear the Chief Magistrates in every City And all took the Oath except the Eleans Then the Mantineans as being absolutely free meeting together decreed to make Mantinea one Town and to wall it but the Lacedemonians thinking it an hard case that this should be done without their Consent sent Agesilaus thither who was said to have a kind of Fatherly care over them When he arrived the Chiefmen told him they would not assemble the People for him but bid him tell them his Business He promised them if they would forbear fortifying at present he would procure that the Wall should be built with little charge and with the approbation of the Lacedemonians But being told they could not possibly desist because it was decreed by the Community Agesilaus went way in an heat though he thought a War would not be declared against them by reason the Peace was made for Liberty Some of the Arcadian Cities sent men to the Mantineans to assist them in carrying on the Wall and the Eleans contributed three Talents of Silver towards the Charge of it 563. l. 10 s. Thus stood Affairs with the Mantineans The Tegeans of Callibius's and Proxenus's Party consulted about assembling all the People of Arcadia and that whatever was carried at the Convention of the States should be Law unto all the Towns but Stasippus's Faction endeavoured that the Ancient Laws might be continued both in City and Country yet being overpowred in the Theaters and concluding that if the People met they should far out-do them in Numbers took Arms which Stasippus's Faction seeing they armed too nor were they inferiour to them in Numbers They fell to it and killed Proxenus with some others the rest they put to flight but did not pursue them Stasippus being a man who desired not to shed the Blood of his Countreymen Callibius and his men retiring to the Walls and Gates of Mantinea when they saw the Enemy made no farther attempt upon them got together in a Body and remained quiet having sent before-hand to the Mantineans for Relief In the mean while they treated with Stasippus about a Reconciliation but as soon as the Mantineans appeared to be on their March some got upon the Wall and perceiving them coming to their Assistance with all speed cried out to them that they should make hast and opened the Gates for them Stasippus's Faction having notice of what had passed sallied out of the Gate that leads to Palantium and getting into Diana's Temple before the Pursuers over-took them shut themselves in and lay still But the Enemy pursuing them and getting on the top of the Temple uncovered the Roof and pelted those in the Temple with Tiles They seeing themselves in this extremity desired the others to desist and they would come forth but the Enemy having gotten them into their Clutches bound them and putting them into a Cart carried them away to Tegea where they passed Sentence on them and the Mantineans and put them all to death Upon this the Tegeans of Stasippus's Faction being about eight hundred fled to Lacedemon After this the Lacedemonians pursuant to the Peace Lâ—sistratus Archon resolved forthwith to revenge both those that were killed and them that were banished by making War against the Mantineans for that they contrary to the Treaty had invaded the Tegeans in an Hostile manner Thereupon the Ephori decreed an Army to be raised and gave the Command of it to Agesilaus At this time the rest of the Arcadians were assembled at Asea but the Orchomenians refusing to incorporate with them out of hatred to the Mantineans and receiving the Mercenaries raised at Corinth and commanded by Polytropus the Mantineans remained at home to observe them The Heraeans and Lepreans assisted the Lacedemonians this Campagn against the Maintineans Agesilaus Assoon as he had an auspicious Sacrifice for his Expedition passed directly into Arcadia and surprised Eutaea a Town in the Confines where though he had found the Old men Women and Children at home in their Houses those that were able to bear Arms being gone to the Arcadian Army nevertheless he did no harm to the Town but permitted their People to enjoy their Habitations obliging the Soldiers to pay for what they had and if any thing was taken from the Townsmen by force when he came into the Town he searcht it out and restored it them again Moreover whilst he staid there in expectation of Polytropus's Mercenaries he built up as much of the Wall as was necessary About this time the Mantineans making War upon the Orchomenians the former retreated from their Walls with great difficulty and lost some men yet when they retired to Elymia and the Orchomenian Heavy-armed men pursued no further Polytropus's Troops charged them very boldly Thereupon the Mantineans considering that if they did not repulse them many of their own men
the day following to pass over the Bridge into the City because they found that the Enemies heavy-arm'd men were in the Temple of Minerva Alea but left the Eurotas on the right and marcht on plundering destroying and burning the Houses which were richly furnisht The Women in the City having never seen the face of an Enemy before could not endure so much as to behold the smoke The men though their fewness appeared being posted in several Places nevertheless defended the City though it had no Walls The Magistrates thought it convenient to proclaim to the Slaves that if they would form themselves into Companies and come into the Service as many as did should have Security to be free 'T is said there were above six thousand listed in an instant so that when they were armed and made so great and appearance they struck a terrour into the Spartans themselves But when the Mercenaries from Orchomenus staid there and the Phliasians Corinthians Epidaurians and Pellenians with some Forces from othe Cities came to their assistance they then less dreaded those new raised men The Theban Army advancing towards Amyclae passed the Eurotas there and forthwith they cut down as many Trees as they could where they encamped and placing them before their Camp guarded it therewith The Arcadians took different measures for they left their Arms and went to plundering Three or four days after all the Theban and Elean Horse together with the Phoceans Thessalians and Locrians came to the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Place and the Temple of †Geaochus Neptune which the Lacedemonian Horse confronted though they were but a contemptible Number and having placed an Ambuscade of three hundred men in the Temple of the Tyndaridae they sallied out at the same time that the Horse advanced The Enemy never stood them but gave Ground which several of the Foot seeing gave ground too After the Lacedemonians had given over the pursuit the Thebans halted and encamped again but it being thought somewhat too dangerous an Adventure to attempt the City a second time the Army decamped and marched towards Helos and Gytheum The Cities which had no Walls they burnt and attacked Gytheum where the Lacedemonians had a Yard for building of Ships three days together Some of the Neighbourhood who served the Thebans fell upon the Lacedemonians The Athenians hearing of these Passages and being very sollicitous what measures to take concerning the Lacedemonian Affairs called an Assembly by order of the Senate at which the Lacedemonians and the rest of their remaining Friends were present Aratus Ocyllus Pharax Etymocles Olonthens The Lacedemonians spoke all of them much to the same purpose putting the Athenians in mind that both States had assisted each other in the most Critical times with happy Success and shew how they drave the XXX Tyrants out of Athens and that on the contrary the Athenians had readily assisted them when the Messenians besieged them adding the good Success when both acted joyntly and commemorating how they with their united Forces had driven the Barbarian out of Greece reminding them also that the Athenians were chosen Generals at sea The Athenians were entrusted with a Fond of Money raised by the Greeks to carry on a War against the Persian Thucid. lib. 1. and Trustees for the publick mony by the advice of the Lacedemonians and on the other hand the Lacedemonians by the directions of the Athenians with Universal consent were chosen Generals at Land. One of the Ambassadors made a Speech to this purpose If both the States My Lords of Athens joyn together there is hopes that the Thebans as was formerly discoursed may be totally ruined The Athenians gave not much heed to what he said but such a kind of muttering as this ran through the Assembly how that they said so now though when they were in prosperity they were our bitter Adversaries Yet the most material Argument the Lacedemonians were thought to urge was That when the Lacedemonians had subdued the Athenians and the Thebans would have razed the City the former hindred them from putting their Design in Execution So the general Discourse was that they should have Succors pursuant to the Treaty For the Arcadians and their Confederates did not make War upon the Lacedemonians for any Injury they had done but because they assisted the Tegeans against whom the Mantineans had employed their Arms contrary to the Treaty Upon these Debates a Clamour ran through the Assembly some saying that the Mantineans did well in assisting Proxenus's Party who were murdered by Stasippus's Faction and others that they had broke the Treaty by making of War against the Tegeans Whiles the Assembly were debating the Matter Cliteles the Corinthian rose up and spoke Perhaps Cliteles's Speech My Lords of Athens it may be a Question who were the Aggressors Yet can any one lay to our charge that we since the Conclusion of the Peace have attempted any Place made any Depredations or ravaged any Countrey Though the Thebans have invaded ours and cut down the Trees fired our Houses plundered our Goods and drave away our Cattle How then can you satisfie your Oath if you do not succour us being we are so manifestly injured and the Ratification of the Treaty was by your procurement The Athenians heard him with Applause he having offered what was equitable and just After him Patrocles the Phliasian rose up and spake I suppose My Lords of Athens Patrocles's Speech 't is manifest to all that when the Thebans have ruined the Lacedemonians in the next place they will attack you for they are sensible that you are the only obstacle which hinder them from becoming Lords of all Greece Seeing therefore Affairs stand thus you will in my opinion do your selves as much Service as the Lacedemonians by making War upon them For I imagine it will be much more troublesome to have the Thebans who border upon you and are ill affected to be Lords of Greece than to have your Enemies at a farther distance And you will defend your selves with more advantage now whilst there remain some Allies than if they be ruined and you alone be forced to fight it out with the Thebans If any fear that the Lacedemonians if they escape this time will create you trouble hereafter consider that we need not apprehend the growth of those we have deserved well of but those we have injured Moreover you should take this into consideration that States as well as private Persons ought to make Friends when in a flourishing condition that if they be reduced to a strait they may expect assistance from those they have obliged Providence has at this time put a signal opportunity into your hands and if you will succor the Lacedemonians in this their distress you will for ever make them your most faithful Friends Nor will you have a few witnesses of your Benefaction the Confederates and Enemies nay the whole World shall be eye-witnesses