't was Surrendred after recovered by a Notable Surprize of Count Swartzenburg and Count Palfi with a great Slaughter of the Turks 1606. Here also are several sorts of Warlike Engines and Instruments Komora Comora is the Crumenum Asaum of Ant. Comaronium Bragaetium is Moated by the Danow and strongly Fortified The Island of the same Name formerly called Schutt contains above 300 Villages and above 15000 Inhabitants with the conveniencies of Hunting and Fishing Filleck Filecum Tokay Tokaeum al. Trissum Zatmar Zatmaria and Kalo have been likewise Fortified by Order of the Emperor who keeps hard-by several Armed Gallies Agria Egar Ger. Erlaw Hung. Erla Incolis Temeswar and Canisia have also their several Bassa's as being upon the Frontiers The Turks call Temeswar The Invincible by some thought to be the Zuroâ—dra or Zurobara of Ptol. The City of Gran Strigonium Laz or Ostrogon Bregaetium Clav. was the birth-Birth-place of King Stephen the first Christian King of Hungary Besieged vain by John King of Hungary taken by Solyman August the 10th 1542 rceovered by Count Mansfelt but re-taken or basely delivered in the time of Sultan Achmet to Aly-beg the Turkish General Vicegrade Hung. Plin. Demberg Germ. the Castle of this place is Seated upon a high Rock where the Crown of Hungary was formerly kept and where the Kings of Hungary did often reside was taken by the Imperial Army June 16. 1684. Over against it lieth Maroz or Fristat Neoseliun Newhausel Germ. Owar Hung. which several times hath bravely withstood the furious Assaults of the Turks but in Anno 1663 the Turkish Power was so great and the Magazine took fire that it was forced to yield and had not some other Christian Princes joyned their Assistance to the Emperor and so stopt the Turks Carrier his Ambition and Success had farther enlarged his Dominions In August 1684 it was taken by Storm and the Turks Army defeated near Gran. Albajulia Lat. Stulweissenburg G. Ekekes Feierwar Hung. Stolni Biograd Sclavis Albe Royale Gallis Alba Regalis Scrip. Pann once famous for the Coronation and Sepulchers of the Hungarian Kings taken by the Turks 1543 lost again 1595 when Sir Tho. Arundel forcing the Water-Tower took the Turkish Ensign and for his Valour was made Count of the Empire and Lord Arundel of Wardour A strong Town betrayed by N. Keresken the Governour thereof upon Promise of a great Reward but Selimus the Son of Solyman for his Treason caused him to be put into a Barrel stuck full of Nails and to be tumbled up and down till he miserably died The Emperor Ferdinand the Second Besieged Canisia or Canischa Ortel when he was Arch-Duke but could not take it Nor was Leopold Ignatius more Fortunate in the Year 1664. The Retreat of the Duke of Mercure from Canisia was one of the Noblest Actions of our Age. Quinque Ecclesiae Furfkirchen Germ. Otegiazac Hung. Petschen Turcis teste Leunclavio taken by the Turks 1543 by some thought to be the Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. Others tell us 't is the Amantia of the Ancients tho some think Amantia to be Almaz it is the place where Solyman died during the Siege of Zygeth in the year 1566. Mohaez is Remarkable for the Defeat of the Christians in the year 1525. And for that of the Turks 1687. Pont d' Essek Famous for the Action of Count Serini who burnt it in View of all the Turkish Army And for the Campagne of 1687. Anno 1682 Villeck was besieged by the Bassa of Buda with 25000 Turks and Tartars but after a brave resistance in September it was surrendred without the Governours consent and afterwards demolished and the Walls levelled with the ground At the same time Lewentz was also abandoned and possessed by the Enemy And the Winter following the Turks and Hungarian Rebels seized themselves of the Fortresses Atsol Newsol Schimnitz and Chremnitz Anno 1595 divers Hungarians besieged Papa and after a long Battery it was delivered to them who sold the Inhabitants to the Turks But the Imperial Army advancing many of the Rebels fled And some of the chief promoters of that disturbance were impaled alive Near Altemberg the Imperial Horse and Foot being divided in passing a River after a sharp dispute the Turks seized upon the Imperial Baggage valued at 40000 Guilders when also the Princes of Savoy and Aremberg soon after died of their Wounds 1684 the Castle of Vnguar was besieged by Teckley and taken by Storm and most of the Garison put to the Sword. Upon the Hills near Vaccia the Duke of Lorain attacked a Body of 20000 Turks commanded by the Vizier of Buda of whom were slain 3000 1500 taken Prisoners with seven Pieces of Cannon eighteen Standards the Vizier and two Bassas slain a Bassa and ten Aga's prisoners and of the Dukes Army not a hundred men lost 1684 Virovitza the Key and Entrance into Sclavonia Capitulated and 600 Janizaries marched out and left it to the Imperialist after 113 years possession 1684 Zeben was invested by General Schuts and surrendred upon discretion all the Hungarians being about 120 were by the Count D'Bargarzzi cut in pieces in revenge of Count Teckleys Impaling alive divers of the Garison of Cziezuar which was surrendred to him upon Articles Barthfield a place fortified with good Walls several Towers and Redoubts the Garison consisting of about 400 men Capitulated and was put into the Command of the Imperialists Mongatz and Tokay are two strong places and in 1683 were in the hands of Count Teckley Makowitz was Surrendred to General Schultz Octob. 1684. In the year 1663 Leventz a strong place was delivered up to the Turks Schinta the Magazine of the Emperors Arms and Artillery was assaulted by the Vizier but being stoutly repulsed he raised his Camp and came before Novigrade a Castle on a High Rock encompassed with a Ditch of 34 foot deep Garisoned with 600 Soldiers and well stored with Victuals and Ammunition yet resigned unto the Turks 1663 At the shallow passages of the River Muer Count Serini with 500 men overthrew a party of 30000 Turks and Tartars under the Command of the Basha of Temiswar and so delivered Croatia from a total destruction In Jan. 1664. Berzenche was surrendred to Count Serini and Bakockza And Quinque Ecclesiae for its perfidious Act was by the Count after a furious assault took by Storm and in recompence of its treacherous stratagem put all the Inhabitants to the Sword pillaged and fired the Town which rendred it a horrible spectacle of Fire and Sword. At Zigeth consisting of an old and new Town conjoyned by a Bridg which crosseth a famous Marsh or Fen. N. Serini the Great Grandfather of the aforesaid Count Immortalized his Fame and Memory with the loss of his Life against Solyman the Great in the year 1565 with an Army of 600000. Serinswar built by Count Serini yielded to the Turks and was demolished Leiva before whose Walls C. Susa and the Christians obtained a great Victory against the Turks
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
Bagdat Tygris Hidekel Ebraeis Tegil Castal Pinero Diglath Josepho descends from the Georgian Mountains falls into divers Lakes loses itself divers times in the Earth cuts through the Mountains separates Mesopotamia from Assyria washes the Ruines of Niniveh receives the Branches of the Euphrates and diseharges itself into the Persian Gulph Phasis or Fassa hath its Head in the same Mountain with the Euphrates and runs its Course towards the North and after it hath passed 100 Bridges falls into the Euxian Sea. Araxes Arass Achlar Leunc Cajacz Thev runs Eastward and joins itself with Kur or Cyrus whose Rise or Spring is from the other side of the Mountain Mingol and then falls into the Caspian Sea. Since these Rivers have here their Springs Sanson tells us That if there yet remains any marks by which we may discover the place where the Terrestrial Paradise was placed it was rather in this Country than in any other But Sir John Chardin makes the River Phasis to arise from the Caucasus Mons about 350 Miles distant and to run South into the Pontus Euxinus The Armenians are generally of a healthy strong and robustious Bodies their Countenance commonly grave their Features well proportioned and of comely Personage but of a Melancholy and Saturnine Air. In their Humors Covetous and Sordid Heady and Obstinate of a dull and stupid Apprehension unless in Merchandize and Trade Yet 't is observed That those that are brought up in other Countries are of a more acute Understanding pleasing and merry in Behaviour but the Women are commonly ill shaped long nosed and not so much as tolerably handsom Ric. Armenia was conquered in the Year 1515. by Selimus the First and annexed to the Ottoman Dominions yet the Armenians pretend they cannot be made Slaves by reason of certain Priviledges which their Predecessors obtained from Mahomet when they assisted him to settle his Empire upon which consideration most of the Merchants of Turky go by the name of Armenians The Armenian Church is Ruled by four Patriarchs the chief of which resides at Etchmeasen Ric. Ecs-miazin Chard Changlee Chilse by the Turks or Ouch Chilse from the Three Churches which are there built in a Triangle about two or three Leagues from Rivan or Erivan The chief Places now are Erzirum Theodosiopolis P. Gillio Sinera Minadaio Aziris aliis a Frontier Town and Great Thorough Fare the Residence of a Basha The Houses are ill built of Wood without any Order or Proportion where are some Remains of Churches Tavineer tells us That though it be very cold yet Barley grows there in 40 days and Wheat in 60. Erez after Garisoned by Mustapha was taken by Storm and was Witness of Emirhamz first Contest with the Turks Cars Carse or Charsa Leunc a large City but thin peopled seated in a good Soil the Rendezvous of the Grand Signior's Army A days Journy from Kars are to be seen the Ruines of a great City called Anikagee strongly situated in a Mersh Tav Rivan or Erivan is seated in a plentiful Country now belonging to the Sultan of Persia being taken by Sha Sefi who put all the Garison to the Sword. 'T is famous for its Trade of Silks and plenty of Wine not far from this City are to be seen the Ruines of the ancient Artaxata the Seat of the ancient Kings of Armenia teste Tavernier So that Teflis in Georgia cannot be the Artaxata of the Ancients as in our Geographical Dictionaries Nassivan or Nachavan the Nexuana of Ptol. according to the opinion of the Armenians is the most ancient City of the World three Leagues from Mount Ararat the place where Noah lived after he came out of the Ark. There is seen the Ruines of a great Mosque which they say was one of the most stately Buildings in the World erected in memory of Noah's burying place In the Canderan Plains not far from Nassivan was fought a memorable Battel betwixt the Turks and Persians where both the Emperors Selym and Ismael were present Van the Artemita Plin. Artemitta Strab. Artemidita Ptol. is a great City upon the side of the wide Lake Arcissa or Arsanias now Lake de Vastan seated on the Top of a high Mountain and is the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Betlis by some said to be the Tigranocerta of Plin. Tac. belongs to a Bey or Prince of the Country who neither acknowledges the Grand Segnior nor the Persian Sultan It is situate between two high Mountains guarded with a Castle and Draw-Bridge The Bey besides the strength of his Passes is able to bring above 25000 Horse besides Foot into the Field Near this place the Persians obtained a great Victory over the Turks in which were slain five Sanziacks 800 Janizaries 20000 Soldiers 40 pieces of Cannon taken and Solyman's Seraglio in which were Beauties he not a little doted on when Ebrahim Bassa was strangled by a Mute Old Julpha or Zulfa was the ancient Habitation of the Armenians which Sha Abbas carried into Persia and is thought to be the Ariammene of the Ancients Astabat a League from the Aras the onely Country that produceth the Ronas Root whose use is to dye Red and for which there is a vast Sale all over Persia and India Marante is famous for the burying place of Noah's Wife Sophiana is more like a Forest than a City The Convent of St. Stephens near Naksivan was the retiring place of St. Matthew and St. Bartholomew in the time of their Persecution a noted place for Devotion Of GEORGIA Between the Black Sea and the Caspian lies Georgia so called by the Grecians from the word Georgoi which signifies Husbandmen Some will have this Name derive itself from that of St. George the Patron Saint of all the Christians of the Greek Church Under the general Name whereof we comprehend Mingrelia Gurgistan Zuiria and Comania Provinces which the ancient Romans could not subdue by reason of the ruggedness of the Mountains which were known to the Ancients by the Name of Caucasus made famous by the Fable of Prometheus Mingrelia with Avogasia are the same with Colchis or little more Famous for the Amours of Jason and Medea and for the Conquest of the Golden Fleece by the Argonauts Gurgistan is the ancient Iberia Zuiria answers to the ancient Albania and Comania or Carcassia composeth some part of the Asiatic Sarmatia on the South of Don. The ancient Kingdom of Colchis was not so small as now 't is reckoned when it extended from the Palus Maeotis as far as Iberia whose Capital City was also so called where our modern Geographers place Fasso The Corax and Phasis famous Rivers in ancient History now called Codours and Rione serve for its Bounds in Length 110 Miles in Breadth about 60. It is now divided into three parts viz. Mingrelia Guriel and Imiretta Mingrelia Odische Incolis is a Country full of Hills and Mountains Vallies and Plains almost covered with Woods The Air is temperate but very moist and unwholsom in regard of
formerly a famous City but swallowed up and shuffled into Ruins and Rubbish by an Earthquake which are very frequent in Japan Oudarro is a stately City adorned with a sumptuous Palace and lofty Spires The other chief Islands about Japan are Bungo Cikoko Saykok or Ximo all one Island but thus called by several Authors 2. Tonsa or Xicoco or Tokoese and Chiccock 3. Firando and Gotto with innumerable others Congoxuma is the first City where the Portugueses landed and got footing in Japan and was their Staple Nangesaque is the chief Staple and Residence of the Dutch in Japan first built by the Portugues This Lodge or Fortress lies on the small Island Disma and is the Magazine for all Indian Commodities and the best harbor for the reception of Merchant Vessels of any Port in Japan At this day the Hollanders pretend all Trade at Japan The extent of Jesso being Mountainous and abounding with costly Furs is yet unknown only that 't is a vast and wild Country full of Savage People cloathed with Skins of wild Beasts who can give no account further than they dwell Of the ISLES in the Indian Sea. SUch is the Infinity of these Isles that 't is impossible to give a just account of them I shall therefore only mention the most considerable And first of the Maldives The Maldives and Ceylon Ilands by Robt. Morden Of the Islands of the MALDIVES THE Maldives Islands situate under the Equinoctial Line derive their Name from the principal City called Male and Dive which signifies an Island They are reckoned to be about 12000 but that is supposed to be only by taking a certain Number for an uncertain They are dispersed from the North-West to the South-East into 13 Provinces which the Inhabitants call Attollons every one of which is fenc'd with a Bank of Sand but some of them are only Sand-hills or Rocks being all of them very little for Male the chief is but a League about They are divided by Arms of the Sea and environ'd with Rocks which renders the Access to them very difficult There are some Ports or Openings one opposite to another so plac'd that they give an Entrance into the four Attollons for the benefit of Trade otherwise the Currents would carry the Vessels above 7 or 800 Leagues beyond The Currents run six Months to the East and six to the West somtimes more somtimes less But the Sea being shallow the Winds outrageous and few Commodities to be had these Islands are not frequented by the Europeans The King of Maldives is called Rascan his Kingdom never is governed by the Female Sex and for his Revenue it consists in the misfortunes of others that is to say Wrecks at Sea. So that there is no trusting to the Maldives Pilots who will cast away a Ship on purpose that their King may have the Spoil On the other side the King himself uses to caress the Masters of Ships and to invite them to his Island to the end that dying of the Distemper of the Island which carries off Strangers in a short time he may be Heir to their Goods The Natives are little Olive coloured and Mahumetans They are subject to violent Fevers and Sickness by reason of the excessive heat They shave with cold Water catch Fish swimming and will dive to the bottom of the Sea to find a convenient place where to cast their Anchors They will fetch up out of the Sea with an incredible easiness an 100000 weight by the help of a Cable and some pieces of their Candon Wood. Their Coco's are very profitable to them for of those they make Wine Honey Sugar Milk and Butter They eat Almonds instead of Bread with all sorts of Food They put every Trade into a particular Island and to preserve their Wares from Vermin they build their Storehouses upon Piles in the Sea about an 100 paces from their Isles A Description of ZEILON alias CEYLON the Nangieris of Ptol. A New Map of CEYLON by Rob Morden THE Hollander is now Master of all the Sea-Coast the Inland Country is under the King of Candy and is divided into several Parts or Provinces which lie upon Hills fruitful and well-watered and are called in general Conde Uda This Inland Country of Conde Uda is strongly fortified by Nature the Entrances being up vast and high Mountains and the Ways so very narrow that but one Man can go a-breast and these Paths also are barricado'd up with Gates of Thorns and two or three Men to watch and examin all that come or go Candy or Conde by the Europeans Hingodagul-neure by the Inhabitants is the Chief or Metropolis of the whole Island bravely situated in the midst of it for all Conveniences but of late much decayed South of Candy 12 Miles distant lies Nellemby-neur where the King kept his Court when he left Candy Alent-neur is the place where the King was born and his Magazin for Corn and Salt. Badoula was burnt down in the time of War by the Portugals Digligy-neur is the place where the King now keeps his Court since the Rebellion Ann. 1664. its Situation is very Rocky and Mountainous being a place for Safety and Security Anurodgbarro is one of the ruinous Cities where they say 90 Kings have reigned distant from Candy 90 Miles Northwards Leawava affords Salt in abundance the Easterly Winds beating in the Sea and in the Westerly Wind which makes fair Weather it becomes Salt. Rece is the chiefest Flower of their Corn which is of several sorts some will be ripe in seven Months others in six five four and three but all requires water to grow in Their Seed-time is about July and August their Harvest about February Of Fruits there are great plenty and variety viz. the Betel Nut whose Leaves are 5 or 6 Foot long and have other lesser Leaves growing out of the sides of them some of these Nuts will make People drunk and giddy-headed and purge if eaten green There are also Jacks which are as big as a Peck-Loaf the out-side prickly like a Hedgehog and of a greenish colour the Seeds or Kernels do much resemble Chesnuts in colour and taste The Jombo is like an Apple full of Juice and pleasant to the Palat 't is white and delicately coloured with red as if painted There are also Murro's like Cherries sweet to the taste Dongs like Black Cherries Ambeloes like to Barbaries Carolla Cabella Cabela Paradigye like our Pears Here are also Coker-Nuts Plantines and Banara's of divers sorts sweet and sowre Oranges Limes Partaurings in taste like our Lemmons but much bigger Mangoes of several sorts Pine-Apples Sugar-Canes Water-Melons Pomgranats Grapes black and white Mirablins Codiews and several other There is also the Tallipot-Tree which bears no kind of Fruit until the last year of its life and then it comes out full of yellow Blossoms which smell very strong which come to a Fruit round and hard as big as our Cherries but not good to eat but the Leaf of
happy composition wherein the King hath his full Prerogative the Nobility and Gentry Civil and due Respect and the People in general Masters of the Estates they can get by their Labours and Endeavours a Blessing that few Countries can boast of O happy and blessed England Thy Valleys are like Eden Thy Hills like Lebanon Thy Springs as Shiloe and thy Rivers as Jordan a Paradise of Pleasure and the Garden of God enriched with all the Blessings of Heaven and Earth Her chief Cities are London Londicium of Ptolomy Ant. Tac. Lunden Ger. Londra Iâ—â— Londres Gal. the Epitome of England the Seat of our British Empire the Chamber of the King and the chiefest Emporium or seat of Traffick in the World To describe all things in this City worthy to be known would take up a whole Volume I shall only say seated she is in an Excellent Air in a Fertile Soil and on the famous Navigable River Thomas about 60 miles from the Sea in 51 degr 30 min. North Latitude In Length from East to West seven English miles and a half and from North to South two miles and a half But of late years so increased and still multiplying in Building in all her parts that there can no Bounds or Limits be set to her Circumference The Buildings fair and stately for large Piazza's for spacious strait Streets and stately Uniform Building she has not any Rival in Europe It had 130 Parish-Churches besides Chappels the Mother-Church is that of St. Paul the only Cathedral of that Name in Europe It was a Structure for length 690 foot in breadth 130 in height 102 foot and contained about three Acres and a half of Ground Built in the form of a perfect Cross in the midst whereof was raised a Tower of stone 260 foot high and on that a Spire of Timber covered with Lead 260 foot more This stately Monument of England and Glory of the City of London was Ruined by the late Dreadful Conflagration in 1666. Yet since our late Gracious Soveraign Charles the Second like another Solomon laid a New Foundation of such a Fabrick as for Magnificence Splendor Figure and Excellent Architecture the World never saw the like The Model whereof was Designed by that Incomparable Architect Sir Christopher Wren And here I cannot but give a short Account of the vast Damage and Spoil done by th forementioned Fire It hath been computed that there were â—rnt wi hin the Walls of the City 12000 Houses and without 1000 Valued at three Millions and nine hundred thousand pounds Ster ing Besides 87 P risâ—-Churches the aforementioned Cathedral the Royal Exchange the Magni icent Guild-Hal the Cuâ—m-House the many Halls of Compa iâ— the Gates with other Publick â—uildings valued at two Millions The War-Houses Stuffs Money and Goods lost and spoiled were estimated to two Millions of pounds The Money spent in Removing of â—oâ—ds and Wares in the Hiâ— of Carts Bâ—ats Porters c. modâ—ly compuâ—d at the lâ—ast two hundred thousand pounds The whole Damage amounting at the least to Nine Millions nine hundred thousand pounds And what is most Remarkable that notwithstanding these excessive Losses by Fire the Devouring Pestilence but the Year before and the Chargeable War against three Potent Nations at the same time depending yet within four or five Years the City was Rebuilt divers stately Halls and Churches erected all infinitely more Beautiful more Commodious and more Solid than before for which all praise and glory be given to God by us and Posterity The vast Traffick and Commerce of this City may be guessed at by its Customs which though moderate compared with the Impositions of other Countries did formerly amount to about 300000 l. per Annum and now are increased by Report to a much greater Value Time would fail me here to speak of its Antiquity Stately Palaces Streets Exchanges Number of Inhabitants Trade and Government of its well-fortified Tower the Grand Arsenal of the Kingdom Its incomparable Bridge Publick Colledges Schools Hospitals Work-Houses c. I shall therefore only add London is a huge Magazine of Men Money Ships and all sorts of Commodities the Mighty Rendezvous of Nobility Gentry Courtiers Divines Lawyers Physicians Ladies Merchants Seamen and all kind of Excellent Artificers of the most Refined Wits and the most Excellent Beauties in the World. Of the Universities Oxford Oxonium Lat. Calleva Ant. Oxenford Sax. Rhidichin or Rhydychen Brit. And Cambridge Camboricum Ant. Cantabrigia Beda Granchester Sax. IN the beautiful Body of the Kingdom of England the two Eyes are the two Vniversities those Renowned Nurseries of Learning and Religion which for number of Magnificent and Richly Endowed Colledges for liberal Stipends to all sorts of publick Professors for number of well furnished Libraries for Number and Quality of Students exact Discipline and Order are not to be Parallel'd in the whole World. So famous beyond the Seas and so much surpassing all other in Forreign parts that they deserve a far worthier Pen than mine to Blazon their Excellency I shall therefore only say that nothing was ever devised more singularly advantagious to Gods Church and Mans Happiness than these Vniversities from whence men of Excellent parts after seasonable time in Study are called forth to serve both in Church and State. York Eboracum Ant. Eburacum Ptol. Caerfrock vel Caer-Efroc Brit. is a City of great Antiquity esteemed the second of England Famous for its Cathedral for the Birth-place of Constantine the Great and the Burial-place of Severus the Emperor it is the Title of the Kings second Son and an Archbishoprick Canterbury Durovernum Darvenum Ant. Ptol. Durovernia Beda is remarkable for being the Seat of an Archbishop who is Primate of all England Bristol Bristolium Famous for its Trade and Commerce and for its Scituation in two Counties Norwich Norvicum for its Industry in Woollen Manufactures Salisbury Sarum for its rare Cathedral wherein there are as many Doors as Months as many Windows as Days and as many Pillars as Hours in the Year Windsor Windlesora pleasantly seated on the side of the Thames and is famous for its stately Castle and Royal Palace of his Majesty Jam. II. Gloucester is the Title of the Third Son of Great Britain seated upon the Severn near the Isle Aldney where was fought the Combat between Edmund Iron-side King of the English Saxons and Canutus the Dane I had purposed to have given a more particular description of all the rest of the principal Cities in England but must defer it for a Treatise of England wherein each County is drawn for a Pocket-Volume after a more new and compendious way than ever yet extant I shall therefore here say no more of England Of Wales WALES by Rob Morden WALES is a Principality adjoyning to and annext in Government with England Inhabited by the Posterity of the Ancient Britans who being driven out of the rest of the Land by the intruding Saxons whom they sent for over to Assist them against
cruel Wars the whole Country adjacent though pleasant and fruitful became a Wilderness and now lyeth waste being a vaste Desart 500 miles over and a thousand miles long from Precop unto the County of Muscovy Caffa known to the Ancients by the name of Theodosia is a great Town and place of good Trade wherein are reckoned 4000 Houses 3000 Inhabited by Mahometans Turks and Tartars about 1000 families of Armenians and Greeks who have their several Bishops and Churches that of St. Peters is the biggest but fallen to decay every Christian above 15 years of Age pays a Piaster and half Tribute to the Grand Signior who is Lord of the City which is guarded with two Castles the Castle upon the South-side commands all the parts there are Boats and is the Residence of the Bassa Provisions of all sorts are very good and cheap Their chief Trade is Salt-fish Caveer Corn Butter and Salt. Formerly possessed by the Genoese but taken by Mahomet the Great 1574 hath since been subject to the Turks In 1627 it was besieged and taken by the Cossacks 750 miles reckoned from Constantinople Precop in Latin Precopia Seated near the place where stood the Eupeterea of the Ancients Bakessy Serai or Basha Serrail is the Residence or Court of the present Kans of Tartary Mancup is a Strong Town where the Kan is said to keep his Treasury German or Crim was the ancient Seat of the Kans supposed to be the Taphrae or Pliny or Taphras of Ptolomy Kers stands upon the Bosphorus Cimerius or the streight of Capha not far from the Panticapaeun of the Ancients Oczakou is situated near the influx of the great River Borysthenes built in or near the place of Olbia Tanas or Tanais of Ptolomy situate 20 miles from the mouth of that River is the last City in Europe now subject to the Turks who have there a Garison and by them called Azac or Azow 450 Miles from Caffa and 1300 from Constantinople In 1637 it was besieged and taken by the Muscovites and Cossacks In the year 1641 it was not recovered though with much blood and slaughter of the Army of Sultan Ibrahim for it cost 3000 Spahees 7000 Janizaries and 800 other Soldiers besides Moldavians Walachians and Tartars and yet the Turks were forced to raise the Siege and return home However the next year it was abandoned by the Cossacks and left a sad spectacle of despair and ruin The ancient Inhabitants of the European Tartary or Sarmatia Europaea were of the Scythian Race but in Chersonese it self dwelt the ancient Tauri against whom Darius King of Persia made his fruitless war with an Army of 700000. In the actions of the Greeks and Romans we hear nothing of them unless that the Emperor Trajan took the City Taphre Afterwards growing great by Conquering the Asiatique Tartars Mahomet the Great made himself Master of Caffa and Azow thereby Commanding both Moentis and the Euxine Seas And in the time of Selimus the first who had Married a Daughter of this Crim Tartar the Turks and Tartars grew into a League And though the Kan or Prince be Elective yet he is Chosen out of the true Line and confirmed by the Grand Signior who have always taken upon them a Power to Depose the Father and Constitute the Son or next of that Lineage when found remiss in affording their Auxiliary helps to the War or guilty of any disrespect or want of Duty to the Ottoman Port. The Tartars are Esteemed as Brothers or near Allies with the Turks to whom for want of Heirs Male in the Ottoman Line the Turkish Empire is by an Ancient Compact to descend the Expectation of which doth keep the Tartars in much Observance in hopes one day to be Lords of the World. In the Year 1663 the Tartars called to the Assistance of the Turks made such Incursions into Hungary Moravia and Silesia Sacking and Burning Cities and Towns that they carried away 160000 Captives which they Sell to the Turks who go thither to Trade for this Merchandize which is the most profitable Commodity that Tartary affords Young Boys and Girls are rated at the highest price the latter if beautiful are like Jewels held at an unknown Value though few of them escape the Lust of the Tartars They live very hardly and feed especially on Horse-flesh which dying in their March they never examine his Disease but putting the Flesh under their Saddles baking it between the heat of the Horse and the Man it is judged sufficiently prepared a Dish fit for their Prince And as the Men are Nourished with a Diet of raw Flesh Herbs and Roots such as the Earth Naturally produces without the Concoction of Fire to prepare it for their Stomacks so also their Horses are of a hardy Temperament patient of Hunger and Cold living usually upon Roots and Leaves of Trees Their Towns or Villages consist of Huts rather than Houses or Hurdles made of sticks and covered with a coarse Hair-cloth of which Villages there are accounted 200000 so that taking one Man out of every Village they quickly form an Army of so many Fighting men These Portative Houses which they call Cantares they put them upon Wheels and dwell in them more in the Summer than in the Winter They never mind Sciences but understand what they know by common sense and therefore 't is said of them That they have eaten their Books and carry them in their Stomacks They are said to be so much of the Nature of Dogs and Cats that they are born blind and do not see clear till after five days Their Eyes are not very large but very black far asunder but quick and piercing They are rather little than big but very large Limb'd Their Breasts high and broad their Necks short their Heads big their Noses flat their Teeth white their Faces round their Complexion tanned and their Hair black and coarse whilst they are young their Mothers bathe them in Salt-water to harden their Skin Some of them now grown Wealthy by the Market of their Slaves throw off their homely plads to wear Sables and some more frugal build Houses Sir John Chardin tells us at Donslow or Salinae 50 miles from Caffa there 200 Vessels are yearly laden with Salt and that about a mile from that place was a Tartarian Habitation but not above ten or twelve Houses with a little Mosque only round about them were a great number of Tents round and square very well closed as also several Waggons well closed and covered which serve instead of Houses He also tells us that some of their Tents were hung with Tapestry as also the Floors covered with the same and the outside covered with Furs and every Family hath one of these Tents and two others one for their Slaves and Provisions another for their Cattle That they store up their Corn and Forage in deep Pits or Magazines under the Ground as do most of the Eastern people The Riotous and Dissolute addict themselves
the Empire divided into Ten Circles About 1519 Charles the Fifth Son of Philp King of Spain Son of Maximilian the Emperor succeeded his Father in his Estates of Spain Burgundy the Low-Countries Austria c. and by Election his Grandfather Maximilian in the Empire also Under whom the German Empire rose to its greatest height and enlargement Under this Charles all Germany was rent into two grand Factions or parts Roman Catholicks and Protestants occasion'd by Martin Luther born at Isleby in Saxony who first only taxed the abuses and observed the corruptions of the Church after makes a general defection Anno 1524. This was no sooner done but the Reformers make a new Schism and divide between Luther and Zuinglius 1524 which rose to two grand Factions afterwards by the name of Lutherans and Calvinists Hence rose other Sects also pretending higher Reformation in Religion so that in the year 1525 Tho. Munzer occasions the Rustick War. And in the year 1534 succeeded the Anabaptists at Munster And in Anno 1547 began the Smalcaldick War in Hassia where Caesar prevails and ruins their League soon after the Protestants prevail and procure the Passavian Peace Anno 1552. But in the year 1618 the Bohemians rejects the Emperor and Elects the Count Palatine King of Bohemia and Crown him at Prague Hence the Bohemian War arose and spread over all Germany changed first into the Saxon then into the Swedish War Anno 1620. The Duke of Bavaria overcoming the Bohemians the Palatinate was ejected out of the upper Palatinate out of the Electorship as well as out of the Kingdom of Bohemia Anno 1625 the Duke of Saxony is slain Anno 1630 the King of Sweden enters Germany in the behalf of the Protestants and Princes Liberty 1632 The King of Sweden and Tilly the General of the Imperialist after several Victories and Conquests both dies 1635 The Duke of Saxony and Brandenburg makes Peace with the Emperor And the King of France denounceth War against the Empire Anno 1636 the Duke of Saxony is slain and the Imperialists are driven out of Pomerania by the Swedes 1639 Saxony and Bohemia invaded The War continues hot by several Sieges and Battels till 1648 when Munster Treaty ensues and so the thirty years wherein had perished about 325000 was ended This Peace of Munster changed the Empire to that State that it is now at For the King of Sweden carried away the Dukedoms of Bremen and Verdin Lower Pomerania and Stetin with other places in the Upper Pomerania The Island or Principality of Rugen The Isle of Wollin the River and Port of of Odor The Baliwick of Poel and New Closter The Signory of Wismar and Wildhasen in Westphalia c. The King of France was to have the Cities and Bishoprick of Mets Toul and Verdun with Moyenvic Pignerol Brisac The Landgravedom of Alsatia the Higher the Baliwick of Hagenaw and the Fortress of Philipsburg The Palatine of the Rhine is restored to his Estate in part and made the Eighth Elector and high Treasurer of the Empire And the Protestants were asserted into full Liberty of their Religion which Name arose in the year 1529 at the General Assembly of Wormes when the Elector of Saxony the Landgrave of Hessen the City of Norimberg and others protested against the Decrees of Caesar and appealed to an Universal Council Germany is now an Elective Empire wherein there are several Sovereign Estates of which the Emperor is chief who Governs by Diets which are almost like the General Estates of France The Principal Articles of the Government are contained in a Fundamental Law or Original Constitution and Agreement called Aurea Bulâ—a or The Golden Bull which treats of the Election of the King of the Romans the Duty of the Electors of their Priviledges of the Authority of the Emperor and lastly of the means to maintain the Peace and Repose of the Empire This Bull is a little Book the Original whereof being written in Parchment contains 24 Leaves and 30 Chapters and was constituted as the perpetual and fundamental Law of the Empire to be altered by the Emperor no not with the Electors consent by Charles the Fourth 1356. The Election of the Emperor ought 't is said to be made at Francfort upon the Mein though this Order in the last Elections has not been Observed Besides the Assemblies that concern the Affairs of the Empire in General there are three other sorts that of the Electors for the Election of the Emperor That of the Deputies whither the Emperor sends a Commissioner And those of the Circles like the Assemblies of the States in the great Provinces of France Of these Circles there are ten in the Empire that is to say of Austria Bavaria Suabia of the Upper Rhine of the Lower Rhine Westphalia Vpper-Saxony Lower-Saxony Franconia Burgundy but this last is now no more summon'd Every Cirle has a Director Ecclesiastick and a Secular Director who preside together at their Assemblies Two or three Circles may meet when one of them is attacqued from without or in confusion within The Empire as it retains the Title so it is almost like that of the Romans though it contains not so large an extent of Ground The Princes that compose it are of five sorts The Emperor who is now of the House of Austria the Electors the Ecclesiasticks the Princes secular and the Free Cities In the General Diets are three bodies that of the Electors that of the Princes and that of the Imperial Cities There are reckon'd above 300 Sovereignties in Germany who do not acknowledg the Emperor but only in point of Homage and mutual Agreement The House of Austria has three sorts of Dominion those of Austria which are Hereditary to him those of Bohemia which he now claims as his Right and those of Hungary which he hath by Election Out of this House of Austria the German Emperors have been Elected for above 400 years ever since the time of Hen. 4th when the Lords of the Empire began to undervalue his Authority and Pope Gregory the Seventh taking occasion thereby Excommunicated him and Ordered the Imperial Scepter should bs given to another Then the Germans abolished the right of Succession and assumed to themselves that of Electing the Emperors The Emperor who is of that House usually in his life time causes his Son or his Brother or his next Kinsman to be Crowned King of Hungary afterwarwards King of Bohemia then if he finds the Princes disposed to it he causes him to be Elected also King of the Romans that is his perpetual Vicar and Successor presumptive to the Empire Without the Revenue of his Hereditary Territories he would scarce have wherewithal to support his dignity for under the Title of Imperial he possesses no Land his principal Rights are the Election and Investiture of Feifâ—y the Grant of Privileges and the Right of Legitimation He may make Laws give Letters of safe Conduct establish Posts make Parliaments settle Universities erect
Burroughs into Cities create Offices and out-law Cities by Proclamation lastly he may make Kings Dukes and Marquesses and he is superior to all the Princes of the Empire who for that reason have a great Respect for him The Electors are Eight in all viz. the Arch-Bishop of Mayence Arch-Chancellor of Germany the Arch-Bishop of Treeves Arch-Chancellor of France the Arch-Bishop of Cologn Arch-Chancellor of Italy the King of Bohemia Great Cup-Bearer the Duke of Bavaria Gâ—eat Steward the Duke of Saxony Great Marshal or Constable the Duke of Brandenburgh Great Chamberlain and the Prince Palatine Great Treasurer These Electors pretend that their dignity makes them equal to the Kings of Europe and which is of greater moment for that they Elect and Crown the Emperor after which the Pope by usurpation pretends a Right to confirm the Election and Coronation Four Voices of these Electors suffices to advance any one to the Imperial Dignity and at present the King of Bohemia only has his Seat in the Election The Secular Electors may not nominate themselves Nor can the Lands of their Electorates be alienated In the House of Saxony the Electorship belongs only to the Eldest who shares the other Seigniories with his Brothers The Elector of Brandenburgh is the most Landed of all the rest next to the King of Bohemia his Dominions contain above two hundred German Leagues in length but are for the most part separated one from another and by the late combustion and the Fortune of War he is become the most considerable Prince of that Quality in the Empire Anno 1000 under Otho the Third the Electors had fixed their Electorship which first began by permission under pretence of avoiding confusion and for the good of the common Interest some tell us that the Electors were Instituted after the death of Otho the Third And others say it was in the time of Rodolph of Hapsburg The Ecclesiastical Princes are The Arch-Bishop of Saltsburg the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order several Bishops and other great Prelates Abbots and Abbesses who have no voice but embodi'd these Princes are almost absolute over the Temporality of their Benefices neither has Christendom any Prelates so Potent as they Their Elections to their Dignities belongs to the several Chapters wherein neither the Pope nor the Emperor has any Right to intermeddle Among the Secular Princes there is the Arch-Duke of Austria the Princes of the Electoral Houses some Dukes Marquesses and Landgraves there are also some Earls and Barons who differ only in name and method of the Empire They have their Seat in a Body which has four Voices in the Estates of the Empire But they have also every one their Voices in their particular Assemblies and some of them Coyn Money There are some Noblemen in Franconia in Suabia in the Country of the Rhine and in the Lower Alsatia who are as absolute in their own particular Territories as the most Potent Lords of the Empire in theirs several Principalities in Germany are possessed by one Prince alone and many times one Principality belongs to many The Free Cities which are as so many Republiques are of two sorts viz. Imperial and Hans Towns. The Imperial bear the Eagle of the Empire in their Arms either entire or divided and they have a Right to send their Deputies to the Diets of the Empire where their Corporation has two Voices They exceed the number of fourscore and are considered either as lying upon the Seats of Suabia or the Seats of the Rhine and they are thus divided from the several Seats where the Deputies of the Cities take their places the Deputy of the City of Câ—logn takes the first place upon the Rhine-Seat and the Deputy of Ratisbourn takes the first place upon the Suabia-Seat Some are govern'd by Noble Families others live under a Popular Government The Hans Towns are in league together to aid one another reciprocally in time of distress as also for the maintenance of the liberty of their Trade and to preserve themselves from being overcharg'd with Impositions by foreign Princes but that League at this day is little regarded by several of these Cities whilest every one endeavours to stand on their own bottom and do their own business themselves Of these Lubeck Cologn Brunswick and Dantzick are the four chief Lubeck may summon all the rest together with the advice of five of the Cities which are next adjoyning to her The most famous Rivers in Germany are the Rhine the Danube the Elb the Odar and the Veser the Ems. The Rhine Rhenus Caesar Strab. Plin. c. Rhyn or Rhein Germ. Le Rhein Gallis Rheno Italis ariseth out of the Alps in two Fountains distant about a days journey asunder the one called the Vorder Rhein or Anterior Rhenus sourceth out of the Hills of the Leponti and Mountain Luckmanier The further named the Hinder Rhein or Posterior Rhenus out of the Alps and the Mountain der Vogel These meeting together about a German mile from Chur or Coire of the Grisons afterwards continued in one Channel towards the North by the Cities of Constance Basil Spire Worms Mentz and Cologn encreased by the way with the addition of several other great Rivers unto the Fort Schenken-Schans from whence it is conveyed into the Ocean by four Branches or Channels first of the Wael by Nimmengen Tiel and Bommel until it loseth its name in the Maes 2. The Leck into which the Rhein diverteth at Duerstede and is carried into the Maes betwixt Dort and Rotterdam 3. The Rhine extended from Schenken-Schans by Huessen Arnhem and Wagening unto Duerstede where the main River being diverted by the Leck with a small Current it is continued by Vtrâ—tcht and through Holland unto Leyden where in the sandy Downs betwixt it and the Sea it leaveth its name and under another name of the Vlict it is turned towards the South falling into the Maes at Sluys over against the Breâ—l The fourth Branch is the Isâ—l drawn from the Rhine near Arnhem and passing by Zutphen and Daventer falleth into the Zuider or South-Sea at Campen The main Channels of the Rhine in the time of Caesar were the Rhine which then fell into the Ocean at the place where is now Catwick in Holland And the Vahatis or Wart making the Island of the Batavians of Tacitus Chiefer Rivers received into the Rhine are the Neckar Nicer Necarus Flav. A. Marc. arising in Silva Nigra or Swartzwald near Rotweel and falls into the Rhine at Manheim near Hiedelberg The Main Maenus Tac. out of the Mount Fichtelberg passing the Towns of Bamberg and Wurtzburg falleth in below Francfort The Roer Rura Scrip. Belgig in Westphalia flowing hereinto at Duesburg The Lippe Luppia Tac. Lupias Strab. rising not far from Paderborn empties it self at the Wesel The Aar issuing out of the Alps of the Leponti near the Hill of St. Gothard is discharged hereinto near Waldshut The Ill Ellus Flavius out of Suntgew after the receipt
the Limits of his Territories and his Soveraignty it self one of the French Generals in 1668 was ordered to seize his Person had he not preserved it by leaving his Dukedom which now France possesses it all Chief Places whereof are Metz the Divodurum of Ptol. and Tac. Civitas Medio matriâ—um of Ant. Mâ—tae Metis aliâ—s The Royal Seat sometimes of the French Kings of Austrasia or Westrick An Imperial City seated on the Mosel at the Confluence of the Selna River Besieged by Charles the Emperor with 100000 Men Ann. 1552 but despairing of success he left it and afterwards casting off his Empire in the Monastry of Justus he ended his life 2. Toul Tulium Ptol. Cit. Lucorum Tullo Ant. a Bishops See and a Town Imperial upon the River Mosel Built by Tulius Hostilius as the French Writers say 3. Nancy Nanceium Nasium Ptol. Seated upon the River Murra the Residence formerly of the Duke once strongly Fortified remarkable for the Disaster of Charles Duke of Burgundy who lost the Battel and his life near her Walls 1476. Taken by the French Anno 1637. And Ann. 1661 her Fortifications were Dismantled 4. Verdun Virodunum Verodunum Ant. a Town Imperial and a Bishops See upon the River Meuse The Estates of the Dutchy of Cleveland contained whilest it was the entire Patrimony of those Dukes 1. The Dutchy of Cleves 2. Of Juliers 3. Of Berg. And 4th the Earldom of Marck Cleve was made an Earldom Anno 911 for want of Heirs it devolved into the Empire 1350. Charles the Fourth gave it to Adolph Bishop of Colen Sigismund the Emperor made it a Dukedom 1417. It s chief Places are Cleve Clivia Cleef incolis 2. Wesel Weselia The Dukedom of Juliers was United to Cleves by Marriage 1496. It s chief Places are Juliers al. Gulick Juliacum Ant. belonging to the Prince of Newburg 3. Aken Flandris Ach Germanis Aix la Chapelle Gallis Aquisgrana Italis Aquisgranum from its Hot Baths Vetera Ptol. Ant. aliis But Pyramius and Pighius tells us that Stanten in the Dutchy of Cleves is the Vetera of the Ancients And Simlerus will have it to be Berck upon the Rhine Thermaegrani Rheginoni destroyed by Attila since fanâ—s for being the Metropolis of the Empire of Charlemagne and for his â—urial-place and also for the Tomb of the Emperor Otho the Third ruined by the Normans 882 destroyed by fire 1146 and again 1224 it was fired 1624 it was taken by the Spaniards 1656 it was again almost destroyed by fire viz. twenty Churches and Chappels and about 5000 Houses Now famous for its Holy Relicks and much visited by Pilgrims from many parts as also for the Treaty of Peace 1668. Two Leagues from Aken is a Mine of Lapis Calaminaris which have been wrought upon for 300 years Montensis Ducatas the Dutchy of Mont or Berg its chief City is Dusseldorp a Town and Castle formerly the Seat of the Dukes of Cleves and Juliers c. Here is also Duytsburg an Imperial City Dispargum Asciburgium Disporum of old In the County of Marck chief Places are Soest or Zoest Susatum of old and Dortmund Tremonia Dortmania both free Cities The Dutchy of Berg and Earldom of Marck belongs now to the Marquis of Brandenburg that of Cleves and Juliers to the Duke of Newburg Meurs is a Town honoured with the Title of an Earldom subject to no other Prince but the Emperor Adjoining to these Countries are the three Electoral Arch-Bishopricks 1. The Arch-Bishop of Mentz who is first in Dignity being Chancellor of the Sacred Empire and hath the Priviledg of Crowning Caesar except at Aix la Chapelle which then belongs to the Elector of Callen His Jurisdiction and Territories like some of our Diocesses lies dispersed in several Countries His chief places are Mentz or Muntz Germany Mayence Gallis Magonza Italis Macantiacum Ptol. Magontiacum Tac. Mogontiacus Mogantiacum A. Marc. Cit. Moguntiacensis Ant. Moguntia Rheginoni Magontia Eutropio the Metropolis then of the Province of Germania prima Here is said was first Invented the Noble Art of Printing by John Gutenburg Knight in the year 1440. It was an Arch-Bishops See in 745. And was taken by the King of Sweden 1631 who there kept his Christmas An Academy 1482. 2. Aschafenburg or Asciburgiam Aschafenburg the place of the Arch-Bishops Residence 3. Erford in Turingia Bicurgium Ptol. teste Pyramio Erphordia Hercino Phordia Erfordia Erfurdt Incollis Erford Gallis a City large rich and populous accounted amongst the chiefest in Germany Governed in manner of a Free State but in 1664 reduced again to the obedience of the Elector of Mentz ope Gallorum 1392 was founded a University 2ly The Arch-Bishop of Collen a fair and goodly Country lying upon the left-shore of the Rhine It s chief Places are 1. Collen Germ. Cologn Galâ—is Colonia Agrippinensis Plin. Agrippinensis Ptol. Colonia Agrippinensis Oppidum Vbiorum Tac. Colonia Agrippina Agrippinensis Ant. The Metropolis of the Province of Germania Secunda and a famous Colony of the Romans brought hither in the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius by Agrippina Daughter to Caesar Germanicus and Wife to the Emperor Claudius The Rome of Germany An Imperial City but does Homage to the Arch-Bishop The Cathedral of St. Peter's is of vast and stupendious greatness Caesar's Bridg over the Rhine is one of the antientest in Europe Here also are said to lye the Bodies of the three Kings that came from the East to Worship our Saviour 2. Bonne Bona Ptol. Castra Bonensia Tac. now the Residence of the Elector Seated in a pleasant and fruitful part of the Country This Arch-Bishop is Chancellor of Italy and second in Dignity He is also Prince and Pastor of the Country and Jurisdiction of Leidg a Country very healthy and pleasant where are reckoned 25 Walled Towns and 1700 Villages But the description of this Country I shall refer to that of the Spanish Provinces being intermixed with them And shall here only say that Liege is seated on the River Maez near that Valley wherein two Legions of Julius Caesar under Sabinus and Cotta were destroyed by Ambiorix Captain of the Eburones 3ly To this succeeds the Arch-Bishoprick of Triers or Treves Diocesis Treverensis extended along the course of the Moselle from the Confines of Lorrain unto the Rhine A Country rather pleasant than fruitful hilly and full of Woods rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron and Lead Chief Places are 1. Trier Germ. Treves Gallis Treveri Italis Colonia Treverorum Tac. Augusta Mela Augusta Treverorum Ptol. Augusta Libera Pliny Treveris Salviano Civitas Treverorum Ant. the Metropolis then of the first Belgica and Residence of the Vicar-General of Gaul seated upon the Moselle now an Arch-Bishops See and chief of the Country whose Bishop is Chancellor of France for the Emperor Built and named from Trebeta Brother to Ninus King of Assyria Anno ante Christum 1496 teste Baud. It s ancient Inhabitants were the Treviri of Caesar and Liv. the
the loss of Martial Guebriant 1643 for being a Retreat to the Cimbri when beaten by the Romans Wimpsel or Winfelun signifying Weibspris for the unheard cruelties of the Huns upon that Sex. Here Fortune triumphed over Valour and Magnus Duke of Wirtemburg died in the Battel 1622. Lastly to name no more Guemund Gaudia mundi noted for its Turnaments and otherdastimes Of BAVARIA THE Circle of Bavaria Bayern incolis Baviere Gallis Baviera Hisp Italis Olim Boioaria Vindilicia is divided into the Dutchy and Palatinate The Dukedom is divided into three parts the Higher the Lower and the Bishoprick of Saltzbourg a district and distinct Jurisdiction of it self The Higher Bavaria is generally overspread with Woods cold and barren The Lower somewhat more fruitful and abundantly more pleasant In the Upper Bavaria chief places are Munchen Monachium or Munick upon the River Iser the Residence of the Dukes of Bavaria and one of the fairest Palaces in Europe enjoying a most sweet and happy Situation among the Woods Gardens and Rivers famous also for its seizure by the King of Sweden who found a vast Treasury herein In the Lower Bavaria are 1. Ingolstat Ingolstadium a noted University founded in the year 1471 and is famous for putting the first Affront upon the King of Sweden in Germany and forced him to raise the Siege by Lewis Duke of Bavaria 2. Regensperg or Regensbergh Ratisbona famous for the Diets held there and for its long Bridg a fair and large City beautified with a great number of Churches Chappels and other places dedicated to Religious uses 'T is a Bishops See and Town Imperial 3. Passaw Patavium Boiodurum Ptol. Ant. and Batava of the Author of the Notitia then a Garison-Town of the Romans the station of the Cohort of the Batavians now a Bishops See seated at the meetings of the Rivers Danube Inn and Ills and divided into three Towns Passaw Instat and Ilstat Donavert was a Free City till the year 1607 at what time it incurred the Imperial Ban or Proscription which was executed by the Duke of Bavaria who brought it into Subjection and holds it still under his Laws Confined withâ—n the Dukedom of Bavaria lies the Archbishoprick of Saltzburg of a dry Rocky and barren Soil some fresher Vallies excepted rich chiefly in Minerals The only Town of Note is Saltzburg Salisburgum al. Juvaria of Ant. Castrum Juvaviensi of the Notitia the Mansion then and fixed Residence of part of a Cohort of Roman Soldiers now an Archbishops See whose Revenues are the largest in all Germany seated upon the River Saltzach where lies Interred the Body of Paracelsus The Country of the Upper Palatinate or Nortgow from the more Northern Situation of it as to the Dukedom is a Country rough and hilly rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron Amberg Amberga Cantiaebis Ptol. teste P. App. upon the River Ills enriched chiefly by the Commodity of Iron digged out of the Neighbouring Hills The Castle of Luchtemburg mounted upon a Hill gives Name to the Lantgraves so called Newburg upon the Swartzach is the place whereof are stiled the Princes Palatine of Newburg The second Branch of the House of the Elector of the Rhine to whom this Palatinate did belong but in the year 1623 the Emperor Ferdinand the Second transferred this Palatinate with the Electoral Dignity from Frederick the Fifth Count Palatine to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria and the Munster-Treaty conferred to Bavaria the first Electorship and an eight place was new erected for Charles Lewis of the Rhine provided that if the Gulielmine Branch happen to fail before the Rodolphine the latter shall re-enter into their ancient Electorship and the new created one shall be wholly abolished The only Arch-Dutchy in Europe is Austria or Oost-reich divided into the Upper and Lower Austria and hath united to it as Hereditary possession of that House the Provinces or Dukedoms of Stiria Carinthia Carniola the County of Tirol with that of Chilly and Marquisate of Windish-Marck Of AVSTRIA THE particular Dukedom of Austria extended on both sides of the Danube is a Country pleasant healthy and abundantly fruitful in Corn and excellent Wines It s chief Cities and Places are 1. Vienna Juliobona Ptol. Vendum Strab. Vindibona Ant. Vnidomana of the Author of Notitia Ala Flaviana Fabiana Heyl. Wien Ger. Wetsch Petz Turcis Berch teste Brown. Viena Italis Wiedun Polonis Widen Bohemii Vienne Gallis the Metropolis of Germany seated upon the South-side of the Danube the greatest River in Europe In Circuit about 5000 Geometrical paces It is Famous for her University for four great Piazza's adorned with Marble Fountains and Statues for its Cathedral of St. Stephen whose Steeple is about 465 foot high consisting of hewen stone and carved into various Figures of Men Birds and Beasts the Emperor's Treasury the Arch-Dukes Gallery the Treasury of the Church and the Sepulchre of Otho The Arsenal the College of the Jesuits the Church and Convent of the Benedictines of the Dominicans and of the Franciscans are worthy of Remarque Within the City there was also the Hochbrug or High Bridg which is made by the crossing of two Streets at equal Angles the ground of one Street being as high as the tops of the Houses of the other so that to continue it they were forced to build a Bridg or Arch in the lower Street to pass over In the Suburbs the greatest Curiosities were the Favorith or the Empresses Garden that of the Bishop and of the Earl of Thaun of the Prince of Ausburg and others the Church and Monastry of the Carmelites of the Augustines the Hermitage of the Capuchins and the Spanish Monastry Remarkable also for plenty of Wine of Craw-fish and Sallets in Winter 'T is likewise accounted the Bulwark of this Country against the Turks being as strong as well Fortified built with part of the Money obtained for the Ransome of Richard the First King of England taken Prisoner in his return from Palestine by Leopold the fifth Duke of Austria Famous for the Repulse it gave Solyman and the whole power of the Turkish Empire when of 200000 Men he brought before it he carried away but 118000 Anno 1529. And as Famous for this last Repulse of September the 12th 1683 for being closely besieged by the Prime Vizier with 200000 Turks Tartars Cossacks and Hungarian Malecontents on the 12th of July 1683 and as valorously defended by that Magnanimous Hero Ernestus Rudiger Count Starenbergh as Governour was then manfully relieved by the Invincible Prince John King of Poland the Electors of Bavaria and Saxony the Duke of Lorrain Prince Waldeck P. Salme P. Louis of Baden and the Marquis of Brandenburgh Baraith c. During this Siege the Turks were said to have lost 70000 and in the Battel more then 20000 men that the Christians lost 10000 or 15000 during the Siege and about 3 or 400 on that great and Signal Victory when the Turks formidable Army was totally
it the Garden of Holland as well for the cleanness of their Streets as the beauty of their Houses It is also famous for its Antiquity for its Library and the Excellent Edition of Books there Printed as also for the entire Defeat of the Spanish Army In this City was born that Taylor who to his ruin was made King of the Anabaptists in Munster Goude Gouda has this Advantage to be Situated among Springs and where the Inhabitants enjoy the purest Air in all Holland Rotterdam Roterodamum the place where Erasmus was Born is the best of the twelve Cities which they call small ones by reason of its great Trade upon the Meuse The Hague Haga Comitis St. Gravenhage la Hage which is the Residence of the States General is not a Burrough-Town but a Village the best Built and as delightful a place as most in the World. The Texel Texelia is a Port to the North. Famous for its Harbour The Brill Briela has the same Advantage towards the South in the Island of Voorn the rest of the Coast is all Sands with some small Shelter for Fisher-boats with the Islands Over-flac and Gorre There is also the rich and daily Butter and Cheese-Market Gorkum Gorichemum on the Wale a strong place and one of the Keys of Holland The fair and commodious Haven Schonhoven Schonhovia The strong and rich Goude Gouda Oudwater c. Elstein on the Yssel or Fossa Drusiana al. Itala with their Cables Cordage and other Trade The Butter and Cheese-Town Alkmear in the Marches Memorable for the defeat the Inhabitants gave Tâ— Alva meerly because he gave them no way to escape Important Enchusen or the Zuder Sea good and Rich Havens Horn and Edam Famous for Ships and Cheese and the Sea Nymph that learned to spin Zeland Zelandia is the Province which was first set at Liberty and last consented to the Peace with Spain At this day it contains the greatest part of the Prince of Oranges Possession That of Vacheren Walachria in the Map contains ten Dutch miles in compass is the fairest of all in the Low-Countries with the City of Middleburgh the Capital City of the Province and the Staple for Wines a strâ—â—â— and large Empory Flushing Flissinga the Key of the Netherlands is 〈◊〉 a good Harbour Once an English Garison and a Cautionary Town where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was the first Governour and died in that Service The strong Sea-Town Vere Veria having many Staples for Herring and other Commodities Famous for the most Noble and Illustrious Family of the Veres now Earls of Oxford The second Island is Schouwen Scaldia in the Map 2. containing six miles in Circuit its chief Town is Zerick-Zee noted for Madder and Salt and Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen here was first invented the marting of Herrings The third is Zuiit-Bevetland in the Map 3 whose only Town of note is Goes The fourth is Duueland or Duyueland named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no Town of Note but is memorable for the bold passage of the Spaniards under Mondragon cross the Sea in the year 1575. and for that in the year 1520. it was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters Tolen is an Island so called from a Town of that Name divided from Brabrant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more ancient Inhabitants of these Islands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus They contain in all 8 Walled Towns and about 100 Villages The Country is low flat and Marshy rich in Corn and Pasturage unhealthful and subject to Inundations being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks The Bishoprick or Lordship of Vtretcht Vtricesium Amm. was first occasioned by one Willebrod an English man the Apostle of those parts and first Bishop hereof about the year 611. during the Regency of Pepin the Fat. The Successors of this Willibrod by the Liberality of the French Kings and German Emperors attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurisdiction together with that of Overyssel unto Charles the Fifth by the consent of Henry Count Palatine then Bishop seized upon the whole Temporal Dominion hereof leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates which also since by the Usurpation of the States hath likewise been taken from them It has a Capital City of the same Name Inhabitd for the most part by the Nobility of the Country first called Inferius Trajectum or Vltrajectum Vtricesium Amm. There is also the Thorow-fare Rhenen the fair and strong Amersfort the Frontier-Town Montfort Wick de Duerstede the Batavodurum of Tac. Ptol. They reckon about Vtrecht 56 Cities to the farthest whereof you may go by Water from Vtrecht in one day Guelders Gueldria Guelders was first founded by two Brothers Wickard and Luppola first made Guardians of the Country by the Inhabitants in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald. It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third made a Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria After the decease of Charles of Egmond the last Duke by composition between him and Charles the Fifth Emperor this Province with the Earldom of Zutphen united for a long time in the House of the Dukes of Gelderland descended upon the Emperor Charles the Fifth and added by him to his other Provinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second the greatest part shoke off the Spanish yoak and now with Zutphen Governed in manner of a Free Estate confederated with the rest of the United Provinces a third part of Golderland excepted where stands the Towns of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Stralo and Grol remaining yet subject to the Arch-Dutchess or Spaniards who in the year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City of Gueldria and into the Meuse to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the Trade of Germany Nimmegen Noviomagus al. Neomagus the Capital City of the Dutchy of Gueldria Founded by Magus King of the Gauls taken by Prince Maurice in the year 1592. Opposite to it is that Fort Knotsenburg large Built by the States in the Quarter of Batavia where the Ancient Batavians Inhabited Arnheim Arenacum in the Veluwe the third Capital City of Guelders and the Ordinary Residence of the Dukes thereof The Town and Country of Culemberg The strong and Martial Venlo Venloa The Natural and Artificial Fortified Ruremond Ruremunda The strong and encompassed Frontier Bommel Bommelia the Fort Voorn and Crevecour making it Impregnable The Province of Zutphen bears the same Name with the Capital City and passes sometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders having no Voice in the Assembly of the States-General but only conjoyned with this Dutchy In the Siege of which was slain that Honour of Chivalry and Mirrour of Learning Sir Philip Sidney In this Province also stands Groll Grolla and eight or nine small Cities more In Over-Issel Trans Issallania so called from its Situation beyond the Issel where the Rhine and that share their Streams together by means
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the birth-Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
Toledo Burgos Compostella Sevil Granada Valencia Sarrogossa and Tarragon There are several very considerable Sea-Ports Passagio St. Andrews Coruna Cadiz Cartagena Alicant c. Biscaie formerly called Cantabria is Mountainous and Woody which furnish them with Timber to build more Ships than all the Provinces of Spain besides It hath also so great a Number of Mines and Iron Forges that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Castile and the Armory of Spain The Biscayners who were the Ancient Cantabrians enjoy very great Privileges and boast themselves never to have been thoroughly Conquered either by the Romans Carthaginians Goths or Moors They use a different Language from that of the other Inhabitants of the Country and is said to be the ancient Language of Spain for as they remained in their Liberties not Mastered so in their Language not altered They differ from the rest of Spain also in Customs yielding their Bodies but not their Purses to the King not suffering any Bishop to come amongst them and causing their Women to drink first because Ogno a Countess would have poysoned her Son Sancho The Land as well as in the Country of Guipuscoa is very well Tilled for they pay neither Tax nor Tenth nor Right of Entry Their chief Cities are Bilboa and St. Sebastian places of great Trade especially in Wool Iron Chesnuts and Bilboa Blades Great Vessels cannot come near Bilboa being seated two miles from the Ocean but upon a High tide It was built or reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ptol. by Diego de Harro 1300. The Port of St. Sebastian has a very fair Entrance being Defended by two Castles the one toward the East seated high the other to the West upon a low Rock St. Andero and Passagio are two Excellent Ports Fuentarabia the stronger place and further Town in Spain and Guataria the Native place of Sebastian Cabot who was the first that compassed the World in the Ship called the Victory Magellanus who went Chief in that Expedition perishing in the Action Laredo Portus Lauretanus hath a spacious Bay. Placenza upon the River Denia is inhabited by Blacksmiths Tolosa upon the Orio River Asturia called by some the Kingdom of Oviedo is the Title of the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain being called Princes of Asturia The younger Children whereof are called Infants ever since the Reign of John the First Hence were the small but swift Horses which the Romans called Asturcones the English Hobbies It was the Retreating place of the Kings of the Goths and several of the Bishops during the Invasion of the Moors for which Reason Oviedo Lucum Asturum of Ptol. Ovetum the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and Bishops and indeed gave Title to the first Christian Kings after the Moorish Conquest for as the Lust of Roderick a Gothish King of Spain first brought in the Moors so the Lust of Magnutza a Moorish Viceroy proved the overthrow and loss of the Kingdom Other Towns are Aviles on the Sea-shore near Cape de los Penas of old Scythium Prom. Galicia is not so fertile as well Peopled its former Inhabitants were the Gallaici whence it had its Name St. Jago Compostella which Bishoprick and University is there Famous for the Pilgrimages which are thither made by those that go to Visit the Reliques of St. James the Spaniards Patron Coruna by the English the Groine is often mentioned in our Spanish Wars in Queen Elizabeths days The Flavium Brigantium of Ptol. Brigantium of Ant. Strong and the chief Bulwark of Galitia is memorable for the goodness and largeness of her Port The Rich Silver Fleet of above thirty Millions put in there in the year 1661 to avoid the English who to surprize it had way-laid all the Points of the Compass to Cadiz Lugo is the Lucus Augusti of Ptol. and Ant. the Lucus of Plin. now a Bishops See. Orense is the Aquae Calida of Ptol. the Aqua Caleniae of Ant. a Bishops See. Tuy is the Tude of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bishops See. There are about forty other Ports in this Province of which Rivadeo Ponte Vedra Bajona are the most considerable Andaluzia formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals By Pliny Conventus Cordubensis is so fair a Country and so plentiful in Corn in Wine and Olives that it passes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom Sevil in this Province is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New World. The Hispalis of Strab. Ptol. and Plin. It is in compass six miles compassed with stately Walls and adorned with no less Magnificent Buildings insomuch that there is a Spanish Proverb Chi non ha Vista Sevilla non ha Vista Meravilla He that at Sevil hath not been Structure's Wonder hath not seen The River Baetis or Gaudelquiver separates it into two parts which are joined together by a stately Bridge from hence the Spaniards set forth their West-India-Fleets and hither they return to unload the Riches of the Western World. It is Dignified with an University wherein studied Avicen the Moor Pope Silvester the Second here also were two Provincial Councils held Anno 584 and 636. and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Metropolitant of Andaluzia and the fortunate Islands Here was Isodore Bishop From hence comes our Sevil Oranges and here lies the Body of Christopher Columbus Famous for his Discovery of the New World. Not far from hence are to be seen the Reliques of the Italica of Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the Ilipa Italica Plin. the Country of the Emperors Trajan and Adrian now an obscure Village about a League East from Sevil. Cordova that Honoured Antiquity with Lucan and the two Seneca's and was more considerable in the time of the Moors than now The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggest Mosques among the Muhumetans next to that of Mecca Corduba of Strab. Ptol. and Mela a famous Colony of the Romans and Head of a particular Kingdom so called now a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition for this Province Jaen is the Oningis or Oringis of Livi teste Moral taken by Scipio Africanus from the Carthaginians Ecya is the Astigi of Plin. Astygis of Ptol. the Astrapa of Liv. taken by Lucius Martius or rather destroyed by the Inhabitants read Sir W. Rawleigh fol. 744. Iliturgis Ptol. Ilurgis Illiturgis Plin. Iliturgi Liv. Lietor teste Marian Aldea el rio Car. Clusio Andujar Floriano Andujur el viejo Amh. Moral Castulo Ant. Castulon Ptol. Plin. Castaon Strab. Caslono Car Clusio Caslona la voja Florian. between Alcazar and Baeza seated on the Guadelquiver not on the Ana as Heylin saith which being under the Romans was surprized by the Gerasenis but slain by Sertorius entring after them at the same Gate built 100 years before the War of Troy teste Mariana Here Hanibal is said to have took his Wife Himilce and was one of the last Towns that held out for the Carthaginians the chief City of the
now gives name to the Order of Knights so called confirmed by Pope Alexander the Third 1164. Alcaraz gives Name to the Mountainous Tracts of Sierra de Alcaraz Cuenca a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition once an Invincible Fortress of the Moors against the Christians yet won from them Anno 1177 by Sanctius the Second King of Castile Siguenca or Siguenxa is the Segontia Strab. Plin. the Secuntia of Liv. Secontia Ant. Segontialacta of Ptol. a City of the Celtiberi now a Bishops See having a fair Cathedral The Kingdom of Leon was the first which the Christians established after the Invasion of the Moors The City which bears its name has in it a Cathedral famous for its beauty The Church of Toledo is magnified for its wealth that of Sevil for its bigness that of Salamanca for its strength The City of Salamanca is honoured with an University which has the Priviledg to teach the Hebrew Greek Arabick and Chaldee Languages They talk here of the Valley of Vatuegas lately discovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom and which was never known before from the time of the Moors Invasion discovered by the occasion of an Hawk of thâ— Duke of Alva's which was lost amongst those Mountains His Servants clambering from one Hill to another in search of it at last happened into a pleasant and large Valley where they spied a Company of naked Pataco's or Savage people hemmed in amongst those many Rocks or Mountains And then told their Master that instead of his Hawk thâ—y had found a New World in the midst of Spain Upon further discovery and inquiry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards who had hid themselves amongst these Mountains for fear of the Romans Of Catalonia and the County of Roussillon CAtalannia rather Catalonia by the French Catalogne is variously derived by Authors some from Gothalonia of the Goths and Alani some from the Castellani the old Inhabitants hereof Others from the Cattalones who also had here their dwellings others from the Catti of Germany and the Alani of Sarmatia now Lithuania Paulus Hieronymus asserts it to be 170 Italian miles long and 130 broad Boterus tells us there is numbered in this Province one Dukedom viz. Cardona three Marquisates 11 Earldoms many Baronies and Lordships 56 Cities or Walled Towns and six hundred thousand Inhabitants among which were 10000 French Shepherds and Husbandmen Some Authors tells us the Country is Hilly and full of Woods yielding but small store of Corn Wine and fruits some say it abounds with Corn Wine and Oyl Others tell us it is more enriched through its Maritine Situation than by home-bred Commodities Chief places are Barcelona Barcinon of Ptol. Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Plin. and Ant. a Roman Colony Sirnamed Faventia by Plin. Seated upon the Mediterranean Sea betwixt the Rivers Baetulus of Mela now Besons and Rubricat or Lobregat River won from the Moors by Lewis the Godly Son to the Emperor Charles the Great It 's now a rich and noted Port. A Bishops See and Academy said to be built by Hamilcar Ant. Beath saith it was built by Hercules 'T is the Seat of the Vice-Roy and Inquisition for the Province 'T is beautified with stately Buildings both private and publick with delightful Gardens Its Port hath a Bridg or Mole of 750 Paces into the Sea for the better securing of Ships Terragona Terracon Strab. Ptol. Terraco Plin. Mela Solinus is pleasantly seated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea upon the East of the River Tulcis now Francolino teste Coquo founded by Cn. and Pub. Scipio during the second Punick War a Repository of ancient Monuments Vid. Nomium c. 85. Afterwards made a Roman Colony and the chief Town giving name to the Province Terraconensis It was An. 1572. an Archbishops See and Academy founded by Cardinal Gaspar Cervan Lerida Llerda Ant. Strab. Ptol. Plin. Lucan A Bishops See and University seated upon the Rivers Sicoris now Segre or Segor and not on the River Linga as Heylin saith and the chief City of Arragon It s adjacent Fields are well stored with Vines Corn Fruits and Oyl oftentimes besieged by the French and as often relieved by the Spaniards And is Famous for the Encounter which happened nigh unto it between Herculejus the Treasurer of Sertorius Army and Manillius Proconsul of Gallia wherein Manillius was discomfited and his Army routed Cerdona is a Dukedom of the same Name where are three things remarkable a Mountain whose Earth is like Meal or Flower A Fountain whose water is of the colour of Red Wine A Salt of divers Colours but if pounded it appears only white Tertosa by the French Tortosa a Bishops See seated upon the River Ebro Dertosa Ptol. Ant. Dertossa Strab. Dertusa Plin. a Roman Colony Fortified with two Castles Vide Marin Siculum Girona Gerunda Ptol. Ant. Plin. a Bishops See and Dukedom gives Titile to the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Arragon built by Gerion 513 years after the Flood teste Beuthero Vich by J. Mariana the Ausa of Ptol. Corbio of Liv. Vicus Aquae Voconiae a Bishops See. 'T was the Randezvous of Count Monteries Country Militia when he attempted the relief of Paysarda but the passages were too well secured by the French. Not far from the right shore of the River Lobregat ariseth the pleasant Mountain Edulius Mons Ptol. Medulius by others now Monserrato a noted place for Miracles Here Ignatius Loyola laid the foundation of the Society of Jesus Anno 1522. This Mountain is said to be two Miles high and four Miles in Circumference stuck full with Anchorets Cells and honoured with a much frequented Chappel and Image of the Blessed Virgin whose ravishing description read in Nonius Bibliothec Hisp and in Zeiler's Description of the place in his Iteneries of Spain Rosas or Roses the Rhoda of Ptol. and Rhodope of Strab. founded by the Emporites or Rhodians under the Pyrenean Mountains a strong place Puig de Cerda or Puigcerda by the French Puicerdan is the chief Town of the Carotani Jugum Carratanorum near the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Segre Sicoris one League distant from I lâ—via Llivia Livia by Julian Toletanus de expeditione Wambae Regis Jothorum Julia Libyca Ptol. Plin. Linca or Linea Florian by others Insa in Sheldens Manuscript 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Campredon a walled Town near the Springs of the River Ter of Old Sambraca the Sehendunum of Ptol. Jonquera by the French Junquera by the Inhabitants Juncaria Ant. Plin. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shel Manuscript 't is in the little County of Ampurdan near the Passage of Le Col. de partus Cap de Cruex by Florian is the Aphroditium of Ptol. Templum Veneris Venus Pyrenaea of Strab. Plin. Portus Veneris Mela but Baud. tells us that Port Veneris is now called Port Vendres five Leagues distant from Aphrodisium Prom. Cadaques near Roses is the Cap de Quires of the
and Sylla and in the Wars of Vespasian and Vitellius Here was the Temple of Janus open in the time of War and shut in the time of Peace which hapned but three times during all their Monarchy 1. In the time of Numa 2. After the Punick War And 3ly in the Reign of Augustus when our Saviour was born Nor must I forget the Ponte Molle a mile out of the City anciently Pons Milvius where Constantine was shewed the Cross with these words In Hoc Signo Vinces This City is seated on the Banks of the River Tyber formerly upon ten Hills though now chiefly in the Campus Martius On the top of the Vatican Hill is the proud Palace of the Popes large enough to Entertain three Soveraign Princes at once and their Attendants beautified and enriched with excellent Paintings and Curiosities with the Garden Beluedere famous for its rare Plants delightful Walks and curious Statues On this Hill is the Church of St. Peter the most splendid and famous in all Rome the most sumptuous stately and magnificent Structure in the World of that Majestick bulk and greatness that it exceeds in all dimensions the most famous Temples of the Ancients in length 520 Foot and 385 in breadth adorned with Paintings Tombs and other choice Reliques My Bounds will not permit to speak of its other Churches Hospitals Monasteries Convents of its Libraries as the Vatican the Jesuites Colledg c. The Palaces of the Cardinals are stately Structures and richly adorned to which are joyned pleasant Gardens Here are several Piazza's abundance of Antiquities and Statues which I shall not name but may not forget the Castle of St. Angelo which for its strength is esteemed impregnable unless starved and here the Pope liveth in more State than any Prince in Christendom The chief of the other Cities and Territories belonging to the Estates of the Church are Bologna alias Bononia famous for its Study of the Civil Law for the Pope's Palace or retiring-place Rich Populous and well Inhabited by Nobility and Gentry the chief University in Italy Ferrara Ferrarea with its Iron Mines beautifully built adorned with many Suburb-Edifices in the midst of it is a spacious Market-place into which do open about twenty Streets uniform and strait and Comachio The once fair Haven Ravenna in the Province of Romandiola when Caesar Augustus kept his Navy here famous for the Seat of the Emperor Honorius and Successors of the Gothish Kings of the Exarchs and of its Patriarch now the Haven is choaked up and its Land covered with Water Cervia invironed with Fens and is famous for its great quantity of Salt as Fienza is for its Earthen Ware. Vrbin Vrbinum seated at the bottom of the Apennine Hills once famous for a sumptuous Palace and a most excellent Library as also for Polydore Virgil the Author of the History of England Rimini Ariminum of old the taking of which so frighted Pompey that he left Rome Other places are Fano the Sea-Port Town to Vrbin Senigaglia the Seno-Gallia of old and Pesaro both Maritine Towns. On the Banks of Metro of old Metaurus was fought the great Battel betwixt Asdrubal the Brother of Hannibal and the two Consuls Livius and Cl. Nero where 56000 of the Carthaginians were slain 5400 taken Prisoners as Livy writeth Ancona in Marchia Anconitana or Strato Marcha del Ancona the best Haven of Italy towards the Adriatick Sea And here I must not forget Loretto or St. Maria Lauretane famous for the Church of the Virgin Mary a stately Structure richly adorned with Presents Offerings and Gifts of Princes Nobles c. whose Organs and other Musick makes an Harmonious Sound to those that go on Pilgrimage thither either for Devotion or Penance Ascoli is the Asculum near which was fought the second Battel between the Romans and Pyrrhus it was also the Seat of the War called Bellum Sociale Macerata the Seat of the Governours of this Province Firmo the Strong Perugia or Perusia is chief of the Province so called seated on the Banks of Tyher in a rich and fruitful Soil Here it was that Augustus Besieged L. Antonius and Fulvia the Wife of M. Antony and near to this City is the Lake de Perugia of old Thrasemene of about 30 miles in compass near whose Banks Hannibal slew Flaminius and 15000 of his Romans Spoleto in the Dutchy of Vmbria of great Antiquity where are yet remaining stately Aquaducts the Temple of Concord and the Ruins of a spacious Theater Here is also the high Orvieto in the Province of Orvietin seated on a high Rock In Terra Sabina are Narni Nequino and Terni In Campania Romana the chief places besides Rome are Ardea now ruined once the Seat of Turnus King of the Rutuli the Rival and Competitor to Aeneas taken by Tarq. Superbus the refuge of the Romans when the Gauls had taken Rome as is also Alba Longa once the Seat of the Sylvian Kings after the Duel between the three Brethren of the Horatii and Curatii it was ruined by Tullus Hostilius Iteranni of old And the River Allia where Brennus with his Gauls overcame the Roman Army of 40000 and marched to Rome and had agreed for 1000 pound weight of Gold to forsake the City but before the payment of the money they were vanquished by Camillus Alba the Seat of the Sylvian Kings Palestrina Praeneste of old the refuge of Marius against Sylla who killed 12000 of the Citizens when he took the Town Ostia built by Ancus Marcius seated at the mouth of Tibur but its Haven stopped up whose Bishop Consecrates the Pope Lavinia so named from Lavinia Daughter to Latinus King of the Laurentini married to Aeneas Trivoli Tibur of the Ancients Chief places in the Patrimony of St. Peter are Veii a City once of great strength wealth and compass In the assault of which 306 of the Fabii were slain in one day only one Child left at home who restored the Family and was the Ancestor of Fabius Maximus the Preserver of Italy against Hannibal After a Siege of ten years this City was taken and destroyed by Furius Camillus Civita Vecchia Maritine Town abounding with Allom. Here are kept the Popes two Gallies maintained by 30000 Duckets the yearly Tribute of 40000 Curtezans Terracina is the ancient Anxur near the Promontorium Circeium now Monte Circello famous for the dwelling of the Enchantress Circe Monte Fiascone where is the so much celebrated Wine near the Lake Volsinii now Bolsena Viterbo is a large and well-situate Town where is the Monument of Pope John 21 in the Domo Here are Sulphure-Wells and hot Springs Intermingled with the Estate of the Church lies the Dutchy of Castro with the Town of Ronciglione the Country of Citta di Castello Strato del Duca di Parma whose chief place is Castellana The Sabatia now il Ducato di Bracciano the Title of the Family of the Vrsines near the Lake so called And lastly the Republick of Marino a little Town on the top
Life Tragical his Death desperate After whose Death the Kingdom was divided into 2 parts half of it had the title of Ethnarch the other half divided into 2 Tetarchies Archelaus banished and dying in Exile his Ethnarchy was reduced into a Roman Province and the Government committed unto Pontius Pilate by Tiberius Caesar under whom our Saviour the Holy Jesus did suffer Death when the Jews cried out his Blood be upon Us and Ours A wish not long after effected with all fulness of Terror for the Calamities of the War inflicted by Gallus Vespasian and Titus exceed both Example and Description and destroyed about 110000 Thousand People The Land destroyed and on every Head an Annual Tribute imposed The Jews were quiet until the Reign of Adrian when again they raised new Commotions being headed by Berochab their counterfeit Messiah but Julius Severus Lieutenant to Adrian razed 50 of their strong holds and 985 Towns and slew five hundred and fourscore Thousand so that the Countries lay waste and the ruined Cities became an habitation for wild Beasts and the Captives were transported into Spain and from thence again exiled in the year 1500. In which Interval of time the Country inhabited by other People about the time of Constantine embraced the Christian Religion But in the Reign of Phocas the Persians overran the whole Country of Palestine inflicting unheard of Tortures on the patient Christians No sooner freed from that Yoak but they suffered under a greater by the execrable Saracens under the Conduct of Omar who were long after expulsed by the Turks then newly planted in Persia by Tangrolipix When the Christians of the West for the recovery of the Land set forth an Army of 300000 Godfry of Bologne the General who made thereof an absolute Conquest and was elected King of Jerusalem in the 89th year of that Kingdom and during the Reign of Guy the Christians were utterly driven out and destroyed by Saladine the Egyptian Sultan who held it until Selymus the first Emperor of the Turks in the year 1517 added the Holy Land together with Egypt unto the Ottoman Empire under whose power it now is governed by two Sanziacks under the Bassa of Damascus one residing at Jerusalem the other at Naplous It is now for the most part inhabited by Moors and Arabians those possessing the Vallies these the Mountains some few Turks many Greeks with other Christians of all Sects and Nations some Jews who inherit no part of the Land but live as Aliens in their own Country The Chorographical Division of Canaan This Land of Canaan within Jordan was divided into 5 principal Parts or Provinces vix 1st Jewry in the South where King Davids Throne was set and the Holy City built comprehending the two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin 2d Samaria in the midst the chief Seat of the 10 Tribes of Israel containing the Tribe of Ephraim and the half Tribe of Manasses 3d Galile in the North East where Christ Jesus was very conversant and was divided into the higher and the lower containing part of Asher all Napthali and part of Zebulun 4th Phaenicia on the North-West part of Canaan containing the Sea-coast of Asher and Zebulun 5th The Land of the Philistins upon the West of Canaan whose Country was allotted to Judah Dan and Simeon these were always great Enemies to the Israelites and from them was the whole Land called Palestine The Land of Canaan without Jordan possessed by the Amorites who had diven out the Moabites and Ammonites contained 3 principal parts 1st part of the Kingdom of Sihon King of the Amorites in Heshbon taken from the Moabites which was given to the Reubenites 2d The Land of Gilead which contained part of the Kingdom of Sihon taken from the Ammonites and part of the Kingdom of Og King of Bashan which was given to the Gadites 3d. The rest of the Kingdom of Og with half Gilead and the Region of Argob was given to the half Tribe of Manasses All which are delineated in the Map as also the Names of the Chief Cities and Towns in each Tribe Once a Country so fertile that it was called A Land flowing with Milk and Honey adorned with pleasant Mountains and luxurious Vallies neither scorched with Heat nor pinched with Cold. The Wealth and Power of it so Great the People Cities and Towns so Numerous that there was no Country in the World that could compare with it But now remains a fearful Monument of Divine Vengeance a sad and dismal Mirror for all other like sinful Countries to view their Destiny by Jerusalem though fallen from her ancient Lustre deserves still our Remembrance Once her Kings her Princes her Temple her Palaces were the Greatest the Richest the Fairest and most Magnificent in the World. Once a City Sacred and Glorious the Seat of Infinite Majesty the Theatre of Mysteries and Miracles the Diadem in the Circle of Crowns and the Glory of the Universe but now Icabod It was ruined by Nebuchadnezzar Vespasian and Titus utterly razed it and destroyed above Eleven hundred thousand People To describe this Country in all its Circumstances to speak of its Laws Religions its Divisions Wars and Alterations to write of all the various Transactions that have hapned in it would require a Volume of itself I shall therefore leave it to my aforesaid Description of this Part of the World where I shall give a more particular Geographical and Historical Relation of its Cities Towns and other memorable Transactions which will be a very useful and necessary Introduction into the Principia ' of ancient Geography and History Of ARMENIA MAJOR GEORGIA c. ARMENIA GEORGIA COMANIA By Rob t Morden ARmenia is divided by the River Euphrates into two parts Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is by the Turks call'd Turcomania by the Persians Thoura Emnoe or Aremnoe by the Nestorians Zelbecdibes by Sanson Curdistan by Cluver Papul and Curdi The ancient Inhabitants were the Mardi and Gordiaei now the Turcomans and Curdes The first are said to be descended from Turquestan in Tartary from whence came the Turks The later are descended from the ancient People of Assyria Ptolomy divided Armenia into four principal parts which contained 20 Provinces and 87 Cities Pliny accounted 120 Strategies Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province A Country much better known and more famous in ancient Time than now The Advantage of its Bounds the Nature of its Situation the Magnificence of some of its Kings among which Tygranes Son-in-law to Mithridates King of Pontus hath been the most Famous its Greatness Government and Riches much contributed to its Renown In this Country are the Heads of four Rivers Euphrates Tygris Phasis and Araxes Euphrates Perath Moses Frat Nicolaio Morot sou Turcis from one side of the Mountain Mingol falls this River which divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor Syria and Arabia descends into Chaldea where it waters the ancient Babylon and joins with Tygris somwhat below
Joktheel 2 Kings 14.7 The Soldans of Egypt for the exceeding strength thereof kept therein all their Treasures Of this place see more in the Description of Canaan and the bordering Countries Bostra now Bussereth is a place of good Esteem I suppose the same with Petra Tor or El Tor upon the Red Sea is a pitiful Haven defended by a Four-square Castle near to it are found Champignons petrified white Coral Seal-skins Small Oysters and somtimes Sea-Monsters like Men. They report that this was the Haven Ezion Geber from which Solomon sent his Ships for Ophir Mount Horeb and Sinai are famous in Scripture Arabia the Desert or Beriara is a place almost quite destitute of Water or if there be any Wells the Water is for little service Ana upon the Euphrates the place where the Grand Signior's Tribute is paid as the Lord of the Country is the best place in it There is one King in Arabia that has a moving and portative City that is to say it consists in Tents which he can command them to carry where he pleases Sumiscasac is thought to be the ancient Saba whence the Magi set forth to adore Christ and the Queen to visit Solomon But Sir Thomas Herbert tells us That after the Flood Nimrod Sovereignizing at Babylon his Brother Havilah seated his Colony in Susiana Seba Raamah and Sabbata in Arabia Seba or Sheba fixed on the Western Coast adjacent to the Red Sea where he built a City after his own Name from whence the Queen came that visited Solomon as he supposeth That Sabata planted the South-part of Arabia and Raamah or Rhegma on the North-East part towards Balsera where they built Cities after their Names mention'd Ezek. 27. In these parts was the Wilderness where the Children of Israel wandered 40 years Here Moses established Ecclesiastical and Political Laws Here was the burning Bush the Water-bearing Rock the Mountains of Sinai and Horeb and Mount Hor where Aaron died The Happy Arabia Hyaman or Aiman Gemen or Giamen Turcis Marmotta Sarracenis Sabaea Plin. carries that Name as being a more fruitful Soil than either of the two It breeds excellent Horses Manna Cinnamon Myrrhe Balsam Benjamin Incense and other Perfumes so that if Aromatick Gums Succulent Fruits Fragrant Flowers and such sort of Delicacies please thy Sense say Arabia is the Phoenix of the East and with Danaeus The Epitome of Delight and with St. Austin Paradise The Air is temperate and healthful The Country enriched with pleasant Streams and Fountains whose Waters are Medicinal Aden is a Town of great Trade standing in a little Peninsula at the foot of a Mountain guarded with two Castles towards the North and a small Fortress at the Entry into the Haven The Portugueses when they first setled themselves in the Indies had a design to make themselves Masters of this City as also of Ormus and Malaca But the Turk prevented them from taking Aden the King whereof they hung at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Gally Since which some other Revolutions have happen'd so that the Natives of the Country have again dispossessed the Turks Mecca and Meâ—ina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans For which they that make them are in high esteem among the rest They go particularly to Mecca to pay their Devotions to a Four-square House which they call The House of God and pretend the same to have been built by Abraham This City containing about 6000 Houses stands about a days Journy from the Red Sea being the place where Mahomet was born whose Body was afterwards translated to Medina upon the discovery of Albuquerque the Portuguese's design to have surprized the Port of Ziden otherwise Gidde with an intention to have carried away that Mahometan Relique The Country about Mecca produceth abundance of that sort of Berry of which Coffee is made Kufa or Kalufa the Holy City called Rastack when walled by Omir the Burial place of Mortis-Ali Saint King and Prophet of the Persians Medina is three days Journy from the Red Sea the burying place of Mahomet as the Turks pretend The Sepulchre or Tomb wherein Mahomet lieth is enclosed within an Iron Grate and covered with Green Velvet which is every Year made new and sent by the Grand Signior the old one being by the Priests cut in little pieces and sold at great Rates as Reliques to the Pilgrims In the Temple where this Tomb is placed there are said to be 3000 Lamps of Gold and Silver wherein is Balsam and other rich Odors Ointments and Oils continually kept burning They would impose it for a Miracle that his Tomb should hang in the Air by means of the Loadstone But besides that there is no such thing were it true there were no wonder in it For Democrates the Athenian by the Order of Ptolomy King of Egypt undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron and to hang it up in the same manner And in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria there was an Iron Sun that hung in the Air by the force of a Loadstone being a rare piece of Workmanship The Prince of Mecca called Sultan Sheriff is one of the most potent Princes in all Arabia His Residence is usually at Almacharana seated on the top of an high Mountain of difficult access Sanaa is one of the greatest fairest and strongest Towns of Arabia adorned with Vineyards Meadows and Gardens Dafar is one of the chief Ports upon the Red Sea next to Zibit near the mouth of the Red Sea which is Fair Rich and of great Trade for Drugs Spices Perfumes c. Once the Residence of a Turkish Beglerbeg before that the Seat of a King beheaded by the Turks at the same time when the King of Aden was hanged at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Ship. The Ports of Dolfar and Pescher are most renowned on the South-Coast for Frankincense The Grand Signior the Persian Sophi and other Mahometan Monarchs oft-times send him Presents and the first allows him also some part of the Revenue of Egypt because he is of the Race of Mahomet and to oblige him to be kind to the Pilgrim Turks Fartach a Kingdom and City near the Sea Caxem Gubelhaman Alibinali Amanziridin Masfate Mascalat and Jemen are so many Sultanies or petty Kingdoms in the Happy Arabia Mascate or Mascatsaif not far from Rozelgate Corodanum Ptol. Macin Amian thought to be Rhaguma Rhegma of Ptol. the Raamah of Ezek. 27.22 formerly belonging to the Portuguese had for a long time all the Trade of the Indies to Mecca through the conveniency of the Cities Elcatif or the ancient Gerra which communicates its Name to the Persian Gulph and Labsa or Lazarch Sohar in the Eastern part had also formerly the Trade but since the same hath been translated to Ormus and Gombron Mocha upon the Red Sea is an open City indifferently well built and fortified with a small Castle In it there live Jews Persians Armenians Indians and Banians So that it is a Town of
spent 12000 Talents or 7 Millions of Crowns Then did the Altar smoke with Incense and the Doctor was offered up in Sacrifice and the dead Corps worshipped as a Deity It is a great City without Walls thought to be the Rages in Tobit the best half of it is in Gardens seated in a large and fair Plain 30 Miles in compass Here dyed Sir Robert Shirley and Sir Dodmore Cotton the Ambassador who went for Persia Anno 1626. having no gilded Trophies to adorn their Sepulchres only their Virtues which will out-last those bubbles of Vanity Here also dyed Abbas the Persian Monarch in the Year 1628. Sauvay Herb. Saba de Val. a City pleasantly seated upon a rising Hill in a fruitful Country much delightful for aerial Musick especially the Nightingale A Thousand warbling Notes their Throats displays Which their sweet Musick chants as many ways About 11 Leagues from Tauris is a Lake about 15 Leagues compass in the middle of which is a little Hill that rises insensibly out of which there bubble out many little Springs and the Earth which they water is of two strange distinct qualities for one sort serves to make Lime the next to that is a hollow spungy Stone and under that is a white transparent Stone which is only a Congelation of the Waters of these Streams for somtimes you shall meet with creeping Animals congealed therein for one piece sent to Sha Abbas Tavernier offered 15000 Crowns in which was a Lizard about a Foot long Ardevil is not only famous for the Royal Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and other Persian Kings and for the Pilgrimages that are made to it but also for numerous Caravans of Silk which render it one of the most considerable Cities in Persia It is of a moderate bigness seated in a lovely opening of the Mountains the Avenues of it are very pleasant being Alleys of great Trees and is watered with a River that runs thorow the middle of the City Sultany Tigranocerta Tigranopolis and Tigranopetra teste Appiano Sultania Jovio Saua Bonacciolo Bitlis Baud. is a very large City and if you will believe the Armenians they will tell you that there were once near 800 Churches in it Kom Coom Herb. Gauna Arbacta or Coama of old by some Hecatompolis is one of the great Cities of Persia in a fat Country abounding with Rice and excellent Granates that which is most remarkable is a large Mosque where are the Sepulchres of Sha Sefi and Sha Abbas the Second the Tomb of Sedi Fatima the Grand-Daughter of Hali and the Tomb of Fatima Zubra the Daughter of Mahomet Caschan is also a large City and well peopled stored with Silk-weavers which make the best purfled Satins mix'd with Gold and Silver The Houses are fairly built The Mosques and Baths are in their Cupoloes curiously caerulcated with a feigned Torquoise The Buzzar is spacious and uniform The Caravansera is the most stately Fabrick of that kind in Persia Bakuy gives its Name to the Caspian Sea and near to it there is a Spring of Oil which serves all over Persia to burn in Lamps Kirman towards the Ocean affords very fine Steel of which they make Weapons very highly priz'd For a Scymiter of that Steel will cut through an Helmet with an easie Blow Ormus formerly bore the Title of a Kingdom As to the Name it was called Organo and Gera by Verrerius Necrokin by B. Jonas Zamrhi by the Tartars Vorocta by Niger Ormusia by Josephus Omiza Pliny Amozon Ptol. Ogyris Theuetus Curtius and Rufus Ternia Strabo where Prince Erythaeus was buried from whom Mare Rubrum had its denomination The Island is about 15 Miles in compass subject to such excessive heats that it produces nothing considerable but Salt and is two good Leagues from the firm Land. There is not a drop of fresh Water in it but what is carried thither In the Year 1507. it was reduced under the Crown of Portugal by Alphonso d'Albuquerque The fair and delicate situation of Ormus for Trade and Commerce as it was the Staple and Glory of the Eastern World has occasioned some to say That if the World were a Ring Ormus was to be the Jewel In the Year 1622. Sha Abbas took it by the assistance of the English commanded by Capt. Weddal and then translated the Trade to Gombron which he called by his own Name Bender Abassi The Portugals lost about 6 or 7 Millions at the taking of the Town Gombrou or Gomrou Hacand Osâ—r since the Fall of Ormus is become a City of great Commerce guarded with two Castles in which are planted 80 pieces of brass Ordnance The Air is so hot and unwholsom that no Strangers can live there above 3 or 4 Months in the Year but for 6 or 7 Months are forced to retire up in the Mountains 2 or 3 days Journy off About 3 Miles from Gombrou is the famous Bannyan Tree of as great Repute as the Idol Oak to our Druidae of old Now all Nations that traffick upon the Indian Seas and Land Caravans carry Commodities thither and bring from thence Velvets Taffaties Raw Silk and other Persian Commodities So that now Ormus is ruined and may well be called Ormah or destruction Baharem upon the Coast of Arabia is the ancient Tylos yet belonging to Persia it is an Island famous for its Springs of fresh Water at the bottom of the Sea For its Pearl Fishery where are found the clearest biggest and roundest in all the Levant The Air is so unwholsom and so hot that no Strangers can live there unless it be in December January and March for the Wind is so sultry and stifling that it suffocates and kills them presently and somtimes 't is so hot that it burns like Lightning But at Bander Congo the Air is good and the Soil and the Water excellent only the Passage for Ships is dangerous and therefore not so much traded to as the other The City Candahur is the chief of one of the conquered Provinces of Persia Sha Abbas left the possession of it to Sha Sefi in whose time Alimerdenkan delivered it up to the Great Mogul But Sha Abbas the Second took it in the Year 1650 under whose power it still remains At Caramon-Shashoon of old Counstia was decided that Famous Contest for the Persian Crown 'twixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus Of Asiatick Tartaria A New Description of TARTARIE by Robt. Morden THis is the Vastest Region of our Continent in Bigness it equals all Europe and contains all those great and spacious Provinces which the Ancients called Seres Scythia extra Imaum Scythia intra Imaum Sucae Sogdiana and the greatest part of Sarmatia Asiatica extending itself the whole length of Asia If we look back to their Original we shall find that they were of all other the most Antient people patient in Labours fierce in War and strong of Body their Flocks and Herds their greatest wealth Silver and Gold they contemned as much as others coveted it Meum and Tuum
Plenty may be called The Epitom of the World. The City of Bantam lies at the Foot of a Hill environed by 2 Rivulets and divided by another The Port is large and the most frequented of all the Islands of Sonde for it affords all kind of Spices Stones and other Commodities of the East-Indies The Spaniards call Bantam the Geneva of the East Jacatra or Batavia is the Residence of the Consul for the Holland Company ever since the year 1619. It is defended by a good Cittadel with four regulated Bastions it lies in a Bay which being secur'd toward the Sea by some Islands makes the best Road in all the Indies Jortam next to that is one of the best Ports and most frequented Borneo the very biggest Island of all Asia abounds in Mirobalans and Camphire It has several good Ports but few good Cities Some say that this was the Java of Mark Poll of Venice and that the Lesser Java was that already mentioned The City is built upon Piles in the Sea at the Mouth of a fair River having a large and commodious Harbor The Natives have a peculiar King of their own as likewise has Bender-Massin Sambos is the Capital City of the Kingdom affording Diamonds Of the PHILIPPINE Islands The PHILIPINE ISLES By Robt. Morden The PHILIPPINE Islands PHilip the Second gave his own Name to these Islands which are about Forty or fifty great ones for should we reckon up little ones they would make by Relation some Thousands the most part of them very fertile and the Inhabitants pay their Tribute in Soldiers The Council of Spain oftentimes proposed the quitting of those Islands because of the Expences of the Garisons But because they lie convenient for the Trade between China and the Molucca Islands the King was resolved to keep them The Islanders are valiant and preserve their Liberty in several places Luc'on otherwise New-Castile is the biggest of all the Philippine Islands The City Manilla which lends its Name to the whole Body of these Islands is the Seat of the Viceroy and an Archbishop It is but small but neat and well fortified and safe from Mining two thirds of the Town lying upon a River Navigable for Barks and the third part lying upon the Sea. Besides Spaniards and Indians there are several Chineses that resort thither as to the Magazine of the richest Commodities in the world Cavite two Leagues from the City is the principal Haven secured from the Winds and fortified with two wooden Forts The Bay is 40 Leagues in compass where there is a convenience to build great Gallions however the North Winds blow hard upon it the Bottom is bad and Entrance difficult New Segovia or Cagajon is in the most Northern part of the Isle Luc'on Tandaya or Philippina is South-East from the Southermost point of Lucon and the Straight between them is called the Straight of Manilla esteemed the best and most pleasant of all the Islands whose chief place is Achan The Island Mindanao has not been in the Spaniards hands but a little while St. Juan or John lies North-East of Mindanao That of Paragoya or Calamianes of Boterus the Puloam of Maginus who discovered these Islands in 1520 and some others obey their own Kings Cebu and Matan are known the first by the discovery of Magellan the other by the death of Magellan The Spaniards that are bound to the Philippines never sail through our Hemisphere and therefore they would have these Islands as well as the Molucca's to be the Bounds of the West-Indies which they for that Reason would have to reach as far as the Molucca's Other Islands are Mindora which gives Name to a Straight so called Masbat Negoas Panay Kapul or Bohol Abuya or Rebujan From the Philippine Islands Eastward there lie several other Isles called in Spanish by the general Name Islas de las Velas by the Dutch Isles de Ladâ—â—nes or Larrons of which I find nothing memorable except their Names in some Maps And that the Inhabitants are poor naked and great Thieves Of the MOLVCCA Islands The MOLUCCA ILANDS c. By R. Morden The MOLVCCA Islands THere are five of these Islands that carry the particular Name of Molucca's These five Islands are very small seated much about the Equinoctial Line in an unwholsom Air for Strangers They are under several Kings The Hollanders have also some Fortresses there They afford Nutmegs Ginger and Cloves Ternate the biggest of the five little ones is eight Leagues about with a Mountain that casts out Fire It hath besides several Villages uninhabited in times of War three Cities or rather Forts viz. Gammalamme Mayloye now called Orange Tacony by the Dutch William Stad The rest are Tidor very considerable Motir Machoan Bachian The Molucco's are good Soldiers and for the most part Mahumetans Besides the Kings of Ternate Tidor and Bachian there are several others in the Celebes Islands and Gilolo The King of Macassar in the Celebes particularly has a while since extraordinarily fortified his own City He has always given Strangers free entrance into his Ports In 1667 he treated with the Hollanders and quitted the Portugals But in 1668 the Hollanders obliged him to trade with no other Nations but them And there was a Report that the Dutch have since seized upon and taken Macassar The Air of this Country is good but the Heats are insupportable in the Day-time Formerly the Natives of Macassar ate Human Flesh for which Reason the Neighbouring Princes sent them all their Criminals Celebes is fertile in Rice and the Land of Papous yields Gold Ambergreece and Birds of Paradise Banda is an Island towards the South of the Molucco's with five or six other Islands about it to which it gives its Name It is the only Island in the World that produces Nutmegs and Mace There is in it a burning Mountain and in the year 1615 all the great Guns in the Island were spoil'd About four Years before the barbarous proceedings of the Dutch at Amboyna they shot Captain Courtupt in his Boat going from his House and Factory in Polleroon to one of the adjacent Clove Islands called Lantore on which Island not long after some English suffer'd such unparallel'd and barbarous Cruelty by the Dutch as a created Nature was capable of enduring In the Year 1617 the Inhabitants of Banda Island besought Capt. Bal then President at Bantam to receive their Island into his Jurisdiction to defend them from the Tyrannies of the Dutch who murdered them at their pleasures and abused their Wives whilst themselves were enforc'd to look on protesting also that they never gave the least consent to them to possess their Island which was accepted of by the English but in the Year 1622 they were forced by the Dutch to abandon the Banda Islands and it is credibly reported that after the English had left those Islands the numerous shoals of Mackerel which was the chiefest Support to the Inhabitants and which came constantly in their
Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach
the Lixos of Plin. Lixa Ptol. Lix Sol. teste Marm. Arais Africanis once greater than the great Carthage the Royal Residence of Antaeus whom Hercules defeated and from whence he brought the Golden Apples gathered in the Hesperides Gardens is now one of the principal Fortresses of the Kingdom delivered to the Spaniards by Muly Xecque 1610. for which he lost his Life by his own People Habat is one of the most considerable Provinces in Fez its chief Cities are Arzilla Zilia Ptol. Zelis Strab. teste Marmol took by the Portugals 1471 but in the Year 1508 besieged by Muley Mahomet and Oataz who took the City and Castle the Portugals securing themselves in the Tower were relieved and retook the City and Castle retaken since by the Xerifs who at present keep it It was oftentimes the retreat or shelter of Gayland in his Wars against Ben Boucan and Taffilette Tangier Tingi Strab. Plin. Tingis Ptol. Tingios Steph. Tangeri Marmol some Writers tell us it was first built by Phut others say it was founded by Syphax Son to Antaeus slain by the Lybian Hercules and called after his Mothers name Tagena but depopulated and ruined by the Civil Wars amongst the Natives After which the Romans making themselves Masters of the Country re-edified or founded this City which gave name to the whole Country of Fez and Morocco called Tingitana Mauritana under whom it continued until the Goths over-ran the whole Country These were dispossessed by the Africans and Arabians first attempted in vain in the Year 1483 by the King of Portugal but in the Year 1508 it was seized by the Governor of Arzilla for the King of Portugal who strongly fortified it In the Year 1661 it was delivered into the hands of the King of Great Britain Charles II. as part of the Dowry of His Royal Consort Queen Katherine Tettuan or Tetteguin is a well built Town and keeps many Christian Slaves Ceuta remains in the hands of the Spaniards The Mountains or Cavila's of this Province are very considerable viz. Angera for Flax and Timber Gazar Ezzaghir once belonging to the Portugals Chebib much enlarged The Province of Errif is very mountainous and woody abundant in Barley Vines Figs Olives and Almonds Gomer is seated on a River of the same Name Terga drives a Trade in Salt Fish Bedis or Belis with its Castle and Palace maintain some Gallies but much molested by the Fort Pinnon de Velez held by the Spaniards in an Island hard by it Mizemma or Bezuma formerly great and well peopled where the French intended to settle a Factory or Trade Of the Mountains or Cavila's that of Beniguazeval or Benzarael can arm 25000 Men and hath a Vulcano which continually casts out Fire It found a months work for Taffilett's Army after he had taken Fez by Stratagem Susaon is one of the most fruitful and most pleasant places of Africa its People under their Xeque keeping themselves in Liberty Gebha or Gebba is the Sestiaria of Ptol. teste Castal but according to Mol. Cabo de tres Forces is the Sastiaria of old And Cabo de tres Forcas is Metagonium Strab. Metagonitas Ptol. Castal and Cabo de Casasa Mol. The Province of Garret lies upon the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea extending to the River Mulvia which separates it from Teleusin its chief place is Melilla Ryssadirum Ptol. Rusader Ant. Rusardir Plin. teste Marmolio now in the hands of the Spaniards taken Anno 1â—97 by John Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia Chusasa was taken before by Ferdinand King of Castile c. The Province of Chaus is very large among its Cities Tezza is the chief esteemed the third of the Kingdom adorned with three Colledges 23 Banians many Hospitals and 100 Mosques or Temples and a magnificent Castle 2. Turret seated on a Hill in the midst of a Plain very advantageously enclosed with strong Walls 3. Dubdu on the side of an high Mountain from which many Fountains descend Among the Inhabitants of the Mountains some are rich and others poor some are fruitful in Vineyards some in Fruits and some in Pastures In this Province is the noted Basket-bridge over the River Sebu the Subur of Plin. Ptol. teste Marmol Cast between two high Rocks 150 yards from the Water Gherseluin is beyond the Atlas Mountains Garsis is the Galapha of Ptol. teste Marm. The Kingdom of Morocco with that of Fez contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is divided into seven Provinces viz. Sus Hea Guzula Morocco Teldes Hascora and Ducala and contains the ancient Mauritania Sitifensis C. Caâ—tin is the Usadium Ptol. teste Baud. Marmol makes Usadium to be C. de Alguer Mercat makes Herculis Promontorium to be Cabo Cantin Sus Province lies about the River Sus and extends as far as Cape Non whose chief City is Taradunt where the English and French Merchants have a Staple for their Sugars the onely Mart-Town of all the Country Tifelfeldt is the Tamusida or Thamuside of Ant. teste Marmol Messa seated at the Flux of the River Sus is composed of three little Cities Tedsa accounted larger but not so rich as Taradant Teient on the Sus is composed of three Towns each distant a Mile from the other having their Temple in the midst The Fortress and City of Guarguessen belongs to the Portugals Aguar is a Promontory of great Importance near which is Sancta Crux built by the Portugals Masagan or Mazzagran Cartennae Cast. Mostagan Marm. Circelli Etrobio The Province of Guzula is not far from the Seat of the ancient Getuly it hath many Boroughs and Towns but no walled Cities or Fortresses said by Sansar to be rich in Mines of Gold Brass Iron c. The Province of Morocco the chief City bears the same Name the Bocanum Hemerum of Ptol. Hisp Marueccos Gal. Maroc teste Nig. Curione and was the chief of the whole Kingdom and once the Metropolis of all Barbary at which time it had 24 Gates in Circuit contained 12 Miles and about 10000 Families strongly girt about with Walls and adorned with many publick and private Buildings especially one Mosque accounted the greatest in the World seated in the midst of the City beautified with a stately high Steeple A Castle as big as a Town in the middle whereof is a Temple on the top of whose Tower are three Balls of Gold esteemed worth 200000 Ducats so fixed by Magick as that they cannot be taken away However now much of its Splendor is lost and a great part of the City is deserted and its Trade decayed Agmet once so adorned with pleasant Gardens fruitful Vineyards and fertile Fields that it was called the Little Morocco Elghiumha is but a small place Imegiagen is seated on an high Mountain as is also Temella Tenozze is a Town of some Note The Province of Hea is mountainous and woody inhabited by an idle and barbarous People its chief Cities are Tednest on the River Sauens the Inhabitants most Jews Hadequis
them stoop to a foreign yoke he with a strong Army invaded and conquered Egypt took Psammenitus Captive putting to death banishing and destroying all before him reducing the Country to a Province in which subjection to the Persians it remained above one hundred and fifty years till the Reign of Artaxerxes Longimanus in whose time the Egyptians set up one Inarus Son of Psammitichus before King of Libia who governed happily till Artaxerxes with a great Fleet and Army came upon them out of Phoenicia unawares and soon reduced them again to his obedience from which time it was subject to the Persian Kings until the Reign of Darius Nothus when they were expell'd by Amirteus born in the City Sais or Pelusium now Calixene Six years reigned Amirteus succeeded for about ninety one years by four Mendesian Princes after that by three Sebenites until Neciabanes the Second in whose time Artaxerxes Ochus bereaved him of his Kingdom and so Egypt fell again into the hands of the Persians to whom it continued subject till the destruction of Darius Codomanus by Alexander the Great who brought it to the Grecian or Macedoniaâ— Kings that reigned five years over it after Alexanders death it fell to Ptolomeus Sirnamed Lagus whence all the Kings his Successors in that Kingdom were called Ptolomies subjoyning thereunto some other name The Ptolomies in Egypt which bore the Title of Kings were ten in Number And their Race ended with Cleopatra the Daughter of Ptolomy Auletes courted at first by Julius Caesar then by Mark Antony through whose favours she kept her Sovereignty but Augustus at the Battle of Actium ruining Antony's fortunes with the death of Cleopatra who poisoned her self made it a Roman Province and it continued under that Empire till the Reign of Heraclius who held his Royal Court at Constantinople After the dividing of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western Egypt fell to the Greek or Western share till the Egyptians submitted to the Arabian Califs about the year 704 to whom they stood faithful till conquered by the Mahumetans In the year 1155 Syracon or Xarracon by others Aserddin Schirachoch an Armenian General or first Vizier of the King of Damas by his Victorious Arms took Captive the Calif of Egypt and made himself Master there with the Title of Sultan or Souldan so that it continued in that Name and Race till the year 1242 when the Marmaluks the off-spring of a people on the Banks of the Euxine Sea Mercenary Soldiers kept in pay of the Souldan by the Murder of their Lord made themselves Lords of the Country under the Tyranny of whose Race and Possession it groan'd from 1255 until the year 1517. The last Souldan of Egypt being call'd Tomumbey the second of that Name which by the Warlike Marmaluks was elected Sultan who having Wars with the Turkish Emperor Selim and by him defeated fled to Cairo where taken Captive and delivered up by a Moorish Prince he was miserably in the said year 1517 Murdered and his Body tyed to the Tail of a Camel and dragged through Cairo Which Victory so ruined the Power of the Marmaluks that Egypt by their Courage and Conduct kept in subjection above three hundred years hath ever since truckled under the Command of the Turkish Empire where the Grand Signiors manage the Government by a Bashaw or Pacha and chief of the Sangiacks in the same manner as other Countries subject to the Turks Whose yearly Revenue is about 150000 pounds which is divided into three equal parts of which one is allotted for the discharge of the Annual Pilgrimage to Mecha the second for the payment of the Soldiers with other necessary charges of the Kingdom and the third goes into the Turkish Chequer Egypt is inhabited at present by Copties Moors Arabians Turks Jews Greeks and Franks The Turks govern the Country and act in all Offices of State. The invention of Astrology Arithmetick and Physick is attributed to them for which reason Egypt is call'd the Mistress of Arts. Ptolomeus Philadelphus is said to be the Person who ordered the Bible to be translated by the Seventy Interpreters as usally called though indeed they were seventy two and bought above two hundred thousand Volumns of Manuscripts There were also a prodigious number of Books in the Library at Alexandria which were unfortunately lost when Julius Caesar made War there The Natives of the Country have a particular Art to hatch Chicken by the heat of their Ovens wherein sometimes they will put three or four thousand Eggs together and when they are hatch'd they sell them by the Peck The Copties are Natives of Egypt the natural Inhabitants of the Country and use a Language altogether particular to themselves and a certain sort of Writing little different from that of the antient Greeks There is now scarce ten or fifteen thousand of them left according to the relation of their Patriarch Millions of them having been put to the Sword partly by the Pagan Emperors for their adhearing to the Christian Faith and partly by the Christian Emperors for their obstinacy in maintaining the Error of Dioscorus one of their Patriarchs concerning one Nature one Will and one Person in Jesus Christ Histories tells us That the Governor under Dioclesian the Emperor Massacred in one Night at Christmas 80000 who were buried at Mount Achmin in the upper Egypt and at another time near Isna the same Governor or another put to death so many as were not to be numbred And Macriz in his History of the Patriarchs tells us That Justinian the Emperor caused 200000 Copties to be killed at Alexandria The Egyptians in old time were eminent in Arts and Learning from them Pythagoras and Democritus learnt their Philosophy Licurgus Solon and Plato their Forms of Government Here flourished the learned Grammarian Aristarchus Herodian and Dydimus so well skill'd in Sciences Appianus the Historian C. Ptolemeus the Geographer Trismegistus the Philosopher Pantenus a Reader of Divinity Origen and Clemens Alexandrinus notable in all Learning Dionysius Athanasius and Cyril Bishops and the glories of their times The Copties divide the Seasons of the year thus Autumn from the fifteenth day of September to the fifteenth of December Winter from thence to the fifteenth of March Spring from thence to the fifteenth of June and Summer from thence to the fifteenth of September They begin the year on the eighth of September according to the Gregorian Style or on the Twenty eighth of August according to the Greeks Calendar They begin their Computation or Aera from the Dioclesian Massacre and reckon this present year 1687 to be the year 1413. To every Month they allot thirty days which makes up three hundred and sixty and to compleat the year they add the five at the end of all The present Egyptians are generally of an Olive Colour and the further they are from Cairo towards the South the more tawny and towards Nubia black as the Nubians Their ordinary Vices are Idleness and Cowardize
Antacon Sebaka Vansleb the other Meeris now called Buchiarea or Kern Vansleb BILEDVLGERID ZAARA c. Biledulgerid Sarra Terra Nigritarum Guine Nova Descriptio Robt. Morden BIledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients where inhabited the Getuli it signifies a Country plentiful in Dates Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants This part of Africa extends from East to West almost as far as Barbary It s principal Parts are Sus or Tesset Darha Segelomessa Tegorarin Zeb and Mezzab Techort and Guergula Biledulgerid and the Desert of Barca Sus by Sanutus is called Tesset to distinguish it from that in the Kingdom of Morocco It is said to have many Towns Castles and Villages Its Inhabitants are Beriberes Africaâ—â— or Arabs Tesset is a Town of about four hundred â—â—â—ses Darba its chief Town 〈…〉 same name seated upon a River a so so called Segelomessaâ—â— one of the greatest and best Provinces of Biledulgerid whose chief City bears the same name containing several small Estates Tegorâ—rin hath more than fifty walled Towns and one hundred and fifty Villages Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions whose bitings is mortal The Estates of Techort and Guergula have each their Prince yet pay Tribute to Algier Biledulgerid or Beled-Elgered contains the Estates of Gademes Fezzen and Teorregu the chief City is Caphsa the Capha said to be built by the Lybian Hercules There are in Biledulgerid some few Mahometan Kings whose power is very inconsiderable The Arabians under their Cheicks or Cheifs are very strong in Horse and would be able to attempt great things were they not so much at War among themselves Sometimes they assist the Turks sometimes the King of Morocco and Fez. The change of Governments and diversity of Languages has made a great alteration in the Names of the Cities The Arabians are great Hunters of Ostridges as getting great profit by it For they sell the Feathers eat the Flesh make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in they divine by the Heart they make their Medicaments of the Fat and Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks Mount Alas extends some of its Limbs into Biledulgerid And the Cape of Non was for a good while the furthest shore of the Portugal Navigation Zahara or Zaara signifies a Desert And is part of that which the Antients called Lybia interior where lived the Antient Getuli and Garamantes The Getuli were a people of the Interior Lybia Vagrants having no certain fixed Habitation teste Silio Melas By Pliny they are placed in Mauritania Caesariensis next to the Massaesylis By Ptolomy in Lybia interior near to Dara By Honorius between Carthage and Numiâ—ia There is nothing to be seen but Sand Mountains and Scorpions for which reason the Inhabitants wear Boots to preserve themselves from being bitten by those Animals Nevertheless the Air is wholesome and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to recover their Health The Arabians make three Divisions of it Cebel where the Sand is small without any greenness Zaara where it is all Gravel and somewhat green And Asgar full of Lakes Grass and Shrubs Travellers must provide themselves of all necessaries For the Houses and Wells are so far distant one from another that a Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together and not meet either with Lodging or Water In one of these Deserts a Merchant suffer'd so severe a Drowth that he gave ten thousand Duckets for a glass of Water and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had receiv'd the Money Men are forc'd sometimes to bury themselves in the Sands to avoid the Lions and other Wild Beasts that make a most dreadful roaring in the Night The Natives are for the most part Shepherds and the best Huntsmen in the World but very miserable Some of them are Mahumetans but the most part Libertines Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pass through the Country Their other Revenue consists in Cattel and when they value the Wealth of a Man they ask how many Camels he hath There are reckon'd to be five principal Deserts Zanhaga Zuenzâ—ga wherein there are Salt Pits Targa Lempta and Berdoa to which some add Borno and Gaoga The Ghir which is their biggest River makes some very considerable Lakes and is lost in the Sands in several places as it runs the Rio Ouro was so call'd by the Portugals by reason of Gold which they found in it at their first coming This River runs under the Tropic through Desert Countries with ten or twelve Arms toward the end of its course The Coast to Cape Bejador is nothing but white and grey Sand-hâ—lls overgrown with wild Bulrushes Nigritia or the Land of the Blacks seems to be so call'd from the Antient Nigrites so term'd also from the blackness of their Complexion Or else from the Colour of the Earth which in some parts is all scorch'd and burnt up by the excessive heat The Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of the Country but the Rains occasion several Diseases Cape Blanco or Caput Album is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock about ten or twelve Cubits high with a spacious Port where Ships ride safe what ever Wind for the most part blows Arguin a Castle in a small Island belongs to the Hollanders Barks may go up the River of Saint John and there Trade with the Negros for Ostridge Feathers Gums Amber and some small parcels of Gold. Senega one of the principal Arms of Niger is not above a League over at the Mouth The Coast to the North of Senega is very low not to be seen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the Asinerium promontorium teste Barrio Mancandan and Besenege Thev Ryssadium promâ—nt teste Nigro is about twelve Fathom deep with a grey Sand at the bottom The Flemish Island or Goree is fortified with a Platform flank d with four Baslious with a strong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the West part of the Island where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride The Road is good but there is little fresh Water Rafrisque is a very convenient retiring place Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth but is not Navigable for Barks above sixty Leagues by reason of the Sands and Rocks in it Some say that the Portugals go up the Niger as far as the Kingdom of Benin which is above eight hundred Leagues That the Danes possess Cantozi toward that part where Niger divides it self That Niger makes several Lakes upon which are built many fine Cities from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary The Negros are very simple Idolaters toward the Sea and Mahumetans in the Inland Country They have some very considerable Kingdoms but the greatest part of their Cities are not so good as our Villages the Houses being built of Wood Chalk and Straw and many times one of these Cities make a Kingdom
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham Durham Northumberland and the Isle of Man. 135 87 Winchester Hampshire Surry Isle of Wight Gernsey and Jersey and Alderny 362 131 Bath and Wells Somersetshire 385 160 Oxford Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester Part of Kent 98 36 Ely Cambridgshire and part of Ely. 141 75 Chichester Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury Wiltshire and Barkshire 248 109 Worcester Worcestershire part of Warwickshire 241 76 Lincoln Lincoln Leicester Bedford Huntington Buckingham and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph Part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough Northampton and Rutlandshire 293 19 Landaff Glamorganshire Monmouth Brecknock and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlile Cumberland and part of Westmerland 93 18 Exeter Devonshire and Cornwall 604 239 Chester Cheshire part of Yorkshire Lancashire part of Flint and part of Cumberland 256 101 Bristol Dorsetshire 236 64 Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk 1121 385 Glocester Glocestershire 267 125 Hereford Herefordshire Shropshire part of Worcestershire and part of Radnorshire 313 166 Lichfield Staffordshire Darbyshire part of Warwickshire part of Shropshire 557 250 The second Division was by King Henry the Second into six Circuits appointed to the Itinerary Judges who are twice in a year in the chief Town of each County in their respective Circuit to determine Causes and administer Justice for the Ease of the People The third is the Military Division for the Raising of Horse and Foot for the Kings Service It is also divided by the Kings Justices in Eyre of the Forest and by the King of Arms into North and South of Trent The last Division is that of Shires or Counties first ordained by King Alford which are subdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes and those again into Tythings He also appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriff whose Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire To Execute the Kings Writs and Precepts and perform several other duties necessary for the Execution of Justice and Welfare of the People And these Sheriffs are generally chosen out of the chiefest of the Gentry King Edward the Third ordained in every Shire certain Civil Magistrates intituled Justices of the Peace whose Duties are to look after the Disorders that arise in the Shire or Hundred in which they reside and to punish Offenders There are in all England 25 Cities 680 Great Towns called Market-Towns 9725 Parishes and in many of which are contained several Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parishes England is blest with a sweet and temperate Air the Cold in Winter being less Sharp than in some parts of France and Italy which yet are seated far more Southernly And the Heat in Summer is less scorching than in some Parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward For as in Summer the Gentle Winds and Frequent Showres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts so in Winter the Frosts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants The whole Country is exceeding Fertile abounding with all sorts of Grain Rich in Pasture containing innumerable quantities of Cattel yielding great plenty of all sorts of Fowl Wild and Tame Its Seas and Rivers infinitely stored with all variety of excellent Fish In its Bowels are found Rich Mines of Lead Tinn Iron Copper and Coal as useful as advantageous to the Nation Nor doth it want Mines of Silver though rare and but in small quantities It hath excellent H t Baths and divers Medicinal Springs It is bravely furnished with Variety of pleasant Orchards and Gardens luxuriant with all sorts of excellent Fruits Plants and Flowers The English are Governed by several Laws viz. Common Law Statute Law Civil Law Canon Law and Martial Law besides particular Customs and By-Laws The Common Law of England is a Collection of the General Common Custom and Usages of the Kingdom which have by length of time and immemorial Prescription obtained the Force of Laws for Customs bind not the people till they have been tried and approved time out of mind These Laws were first reduced all into one body by King Edward the Elder about the year 900 revived by King Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror added some of the Customs of Normandy since which Edward the First did settle divers fundamental Laws ever since practised in this Nation Where the Common Law is silent there we have excellent Statute-Laws made by the several Kings of England by and with the advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons of England by their Representatives the Knights Citizens and Burgesses duly Elected in Parliament Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance As in matters transacted beyond the Seas and relating to the Admiralty c. Use is made of the Civil Law which ought to be the Product of the Common Reason and Wisdom of all Mankind and fitted for the Interest and Welfare not only of one Nation but taking Care for the general Affairs of all people The Canon-Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and Provincial Synods the divers Decrees and Judgments of the Ancient Fathers c. received by the Church of England by which she proceeds in her Jurisdiction as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward man and matters accounted of a spiritual Nature as Cases Matrimonial Testamentary Scandals Offences against good Manners c. Forest-Laws are for regulating offences committed in or relating unto some Forest or Chase for preservation of the Game c. Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners and is not to be practised in times of Peace but only in War and then and there where the Kings Army is afoot The Doctrine of the Church of England is Apostolical contained either in Express words of the Holy Scripture or in the 39 Articles and the Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto the Worship and Discipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons By all which it will appear to impartial Eyes that the Church of England is the most exact and perfect Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy glory in this that she is the Garden of the Earth it may truly be said of England that it is the Court and Presence-Chamber of the Great Jehovah which should engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk suitable to such Mercies and not to forfeit those inestimable Priviledges by our crying sins for how can we expect that God should always continue so Gracious to us if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonness England is a Free Hereditary Paternal Monarchy Governed by one Supream Independent and Undeposeable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom A Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued 1000 years in a word a Government of a perfect and
overflow the Land where they catch plenty of Fish and the mud inriches the Soil It s chief Towns are Schleswyck Slesuicum Heideba teste Crantzio an Episcopal See and Head of the Dukedom Seated on the River Slea which falls into the Baltick Sea where it hath a commodious Haven 2. Husum Seated on the River Eyder Fortified with a Castle 3. Haders-leben Fortified with the Strong Castle Hansberg 4. Flensberg with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Sleswick is a Country that goes by the name of Angelen from whence England had its first denomination ever since King Egbert 5. The Port of Christian-pries now Fortified by the Fort Frederick 6. Gortop a trong Fort or Castle the Residence of the Duke of Holstein 7. Frederick-stadt upon the Eyder built by one of the late Dukes intending to have set up a Trade of Silk there to which purpose in the year 1633 he sent a splendid Embassie into Muscovy and Persia whose Travails are described by Olearius Of North-Juitland NOrth-Juitland is divided into four Diocesses Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg The Diocess of Ripen contains seven Walled Towns and ten Castles its chief places are Ripen an Episcopal Sea Fortified with a Castle 2. Kolding the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that passes that way 3. Frederick Ode or Frederica lies in a situation of that importance that Charles Gustavus having taken it in the late Wars 1657 opened himself a way to pass his Army over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and to alarum Copenhagen an Action both bold and unheard of for he marched his Cavalry and his Carriages over a great Arm of the Sea where before a single footman was afraid to expose his life The Diocess of Artbusia or Arthusen contains seven Cities and five Castles its chief places are Arthusen a well frequented Port. Kalla a Strong place Horsens and Renderen The Diocess of Aelbourg Aelburgum hath for its chief places Albourg at the mouth of Limford-Bay Nicoping Hirring Wansyssel Thysted and Scagen or the Scaw the northermost part of Juitland The Diocess of Wibourg hath three Castles and three Walled Towns the chief is Wibourg where are the Courts of Judicature for all Juitland The chief Islands belonging to Denmark that lie dispersed in the Baltick See are Zeland Fionia or Funen Alsen Arroe or Aria Langland Laland Falster Mone Huen or Ween-Island and Bornholm Of the Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients otherwise called Sucvicum Mâ—re seu Balticum Die Bâ—lth or Oostzee Belgis La Mar Baltique Gallis Warezkovie More Russis It hath three several passages into it from the Ocean all of them under the command of the King of Denmark the safest and most usual is that famous Strait called the Frâ—tum Sundicum Le Sund Gallis Straet Van Sund. Batavis Oresund Danis The Sound Anglis So great a passage that there often sails 200 sometimes 300 Ships through in one day and is not above four miles over in the narrowest place The second passage or Inlet lies between the Islands of Zeland and Funen and is about 16 miles over and is called Bâ—ltsound or the great Belt. The third passage is between Funen and Jutland not above eight miles over and is called the lesser Belt. Of Zeland ZEland of old Codanonia the greatest Island of the Baltick Seas is situate near the Main Land of Schonen from which 't is separated by a narrow Streight abou four miles over which is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade or Commerce in these Seas and pay a Toll or Imposition to the King according to their bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth his greatest Revenue And for the security of this passage there are built two very strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenburg the most delightful Seat in the World affording a profitable and pleasant Prospect of all Ships that Sail through the Sound the other in Schonen or Scandia called Elsenburg In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth our Eastland-Fleet was by the King of Denmark threatened to be sunk in case they passed this Sound or Straits of Elsenour yet they made the Adventure having only one Man of War viz. the Minion and kept their course maugre all opposition without any wound received forwards and back again The chief City of this Island is Haphnia Kiobenhaven Danis Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the Met opolis of the whole Kingdom sometime the Residence of the King a University Seated near the Sea with a good Port and safe Road for Ships Fortified with a Strong Castle containing one of the Fairest Arsenals in Europe wherein is a Celestial Globe six foot Diameter Christiern the Fourth having laid the foundation of a New City in the little Island of Armager joyned it to the old by a Bridg and called it by the Name of Christierns Haven so that now it is divided into two parts in the New Town is the Royal Castle the Mint the Exchange and the Arsenal before mentioned This City was taken by Frederick Anno 1522 and in the year 1536 after a years Siege it was surrendred to Christiern the 3d. The Citizens now enjoy the greatest priviledg of any City in Europe Roschildt is the Burying place of the Danish Kings Elsenour is near to the strong Castle and Palace of Cronenberg the Fortifications whereof was and is the Key of the Baltick Sea enlarged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederick the 2d The Surrender of this Castle to the Swedes by a Stratagem Sept. the sixth 1658 was like to have lost Copenhagen and consequently the whole Kingdom Fredericksberg is a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain oftentimes the place of the Kings retirement but most famous for that solemn Interview and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Sweden and Denmark upon the Conclusion and Ratification of the Roschildt Treaty Other places are Kallenburg Rinstead Koge Korsoer is the place where K. Charles of Sweden landed his Army in his Second Expedition against Denmark Aug. 8. 1658 five Months after the aforesaid Interview of the two Kings at Frederixburg Nestwood Waringburg was the first place where the King of Sweden set his Foot in Zeland in his first Expedition In this Island are reckoned 340 Villages The Island of Fionia or Funen is the assignment of the Prince of Denmark 't is Seated between Zeland and Juitland separated from the first by a narrow passage called the Belt from the last by a narrower called Midle-far-sound 'T is a fertile Soil and pleasant situation It s chief place is the well Traded Odensee an Episcopal See formerly the Seat of the General Assemblies of the Kingdom now kept at Copenhagen adorned with two fair Churches and neat buildings near this place Count Guldenlew the Vice-roy of Norway was overtaken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his first Expedition Other Towns are
make a Corporation or Body as well as the other Orders Swedeland contains that part of Scandinavia which is the best as lying toward the East The cold Weather is there very long and sometimes very bitter however the Inhabitants do not so much make Use of Furs as they do in Germany they only wear Night-Caps Woollen-Gloves Just-a-corps and make great Fires of Wood with which they are well stored There are so few Sick People among them that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice The Inhabitants are equally Rich and their greatest Revenue consists in Copper whence the most part of the Europeans fetch it to make their small Money their Cannon and their Bells The City of Stockholm alone has in the Castle above 800 Pieces of Great Artillery and it is believed that in all the Kingdom there are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made 1661 fourscore thousand Men were Mustered in Arms. This Country being so full of Mountains and Woods afford very little Corn so that in times of Scarcity the Poor are forced to eat very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Country besides Copper are Butter Tallow Hides Skins Pitch Rosin Timber and Boards The Cities are very subject to Fire in regard the Houses are all built of Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more considerable than the Rivers Nor is there any Trade but upon the Coasts where there is no venturing without a Pilot because of the great number of Rocks The Ice there is so thick that Waggons go safely upon it In other places the Snow affords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges The Horses are fit for War for besides that they are easily kept and rarely sick they are well used to the Road they carry their Rider swimming they readily take wide Ditches they are Couragious and Nimble and will Assail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels and Teeth both together Under the Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Gothia Suecia Lapponia Finlandia Ingria and Livonia wherein is contained 35 Provinces besides the Acquisitions â—foresaid wherein Bertius reckoneth 1400 Parishes The two first toward the West and the three last toward the East the Gulf of Finland between them both Gothland whether so called from the Gâ—s or falsely affecting that more Glorious Name cannot well be known is divided into Ostre-Gothland and Westro-Gothland And those that Conquered Spain were called Visgoths Calmar is a strong City and the place where the Swedes usually set Sail for Germany The Cittadel is as highly esteemed in the Northern parts as that of Millain in the South Norkoping is full of Copper-Forges for which reason most of the Europeans fetch Cannons from thence Linkâ—ping a Bishops See where Olaus Magnus was Born is Remarkable for the Victory of Charles of Sudermania afterwards King of Sweden There are several other Cities whose Names terminate in Koping that is the Market-place â—mburg where King Charles the Ninth died is a new Town with a Port upon the Ocean Lodusia Sans Daleburg is a fair Town well fâ—rtâ—ed with a s rong Castle Swedeland communicates its Name to other Provinces of this Kingdom of which Stockholm or â—iâ— is the Capital City accommodated with a Royal Castle and a Sea-Port at the Mouth of the Lake M ler which they formerly had a Design to have cut into the Wener-Lake to have joyned the Baltick and the Ocean together so to spoil the Passage of the Sound This Wener Lake is said to receive 24 Rivers and disburden its self at one mouth with such noise and fury that it is called the Devils-mouth This City is far better â—urniâ—h'd than it was before the War with Germany In the Year 1641 they began to streighten the Streets and build their Houses Uniform The Harbour is very Secure so that a Ship may Ride there without an Anchor It has three Channels which carry the Vessels between certain Islands and Rocks The Kings Ships lie at Elsenape Vpsal Defended by a great Castle where is the Metropolitan Church where the Kings are usually Crowned and where formerly they kept their Courts The City is adorned with an University and the most â—ble Marâ—s in all thosâ— Quarters The Cathedral has been a Stâ—â—ilding as they say lin'd or as it wâ—re Wâ—d within wâ—old and covâ—d with Copper Carâ—lâ—taâ— upon the Wener is notâ—â—or its abundance of â—rass Strongues is a Bishops Sâ— Ar sia now W â—erus was rich in Silver Mines Lâ—ni contain no Citi s It has only certaiâ— Habitations divided into five Countries that bear the Names of their Rivers The Laponers are very small the tallâ—st â—t being above four foot higâ— nevertheless formerly six hundr d of them put to the Rout above an hundred thousand Mâ—sâ—ites that came to Inâ—dâ— them They wear no other Habit but Skiâ— and when they are Young they so inure themselves to the Cold that afterwards â—ey easily endure it without any Clothes They have neither Woollen nor Linnen only they have pieces of Copper which they call Chippans which they exchange for Necessaries They have neither Bread nor Corn nor Fruit nor Herbs nor Wine nor Cattel nor Butter nor Eggs nor Milk nor other Supports of life But they have no want of Water And they have a kind of Wild Deer which are very swift the Flesh whereof they live upon There is a second part of Laponia in Denmark and a third in Muscovy The Mount Enaraki has three Apartments of Lodging for the Deputies of the three Nations Finnonia seu Finnia Finland is a Dutchy which some Kings of Swedeland were wont to Assign for their Brothers Portion The Chief Cities whereof are Aâ—o a Bishoprick and Viburgh or Viborch a chargeable Fortress There is one particular place in this Province near Razeburg where Needles being touched turn continually Biorneburg Cajenbourg with other places you will find in the Map and Kexholm taken by Pontus de lâ— Garde Ingria vulgo Ingermanland by the Russians Isera was taken from the Muscovites by a Treaty in the Year 1617. It is but small but considerable for the Chace of Elkes and for the Situation of the strong Fort of Noteburgh in the midst of a great River at the Mouth of the Lake â—adoga Carald â—d by the Russes This Garison was taken by the Swedes all the Soldiers within being destroyed by a Distemper that took them in the Mouth and hindred them from eating The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden are by Ortelius called the Dossâ— Montes Sevo Montes of Plin. accounted 300 miles in length and now in various places have divers Names not much material here to mention The Commodâ—es of this Country are Copper Lead Brass and Iron Ox-Hides Goats and Buckskins Tallow Furs Honey Allom and Corn. The Inhabitants naturally strong active and stout Soldiers industrious laborious ingenious and courteous to Strangers The Women discreet and modest The Christian Faith was first planted here by Ausgarius Archbishop of Bremen the general Apostle of the
the Misfortunes of the Kingdom for they Leagued themselves with the lesser Tartars and put themselves into the Great Turks Protection Insomuch that we may safely say that the Invasion of the Swedes the Hostilities of the Muscovites the Irruption of the Transylvanians the Treachery of the Cossacks the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania the different Factions of the Kingdom the Contests of the Neighbouring Nations gave a cruel Blow to this Crown and were the causes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them Poland contains Ten great Divisions four to the West and upon the Vistula Poland Mazovia Cujavia and Prussia the Royal. Six toward the East and to the West of Borysthenes Lithuania Samogitia Polaquia Nigra Russia Volhinia and Podolia These Provinces have been gained for the most part either by Arms or Alliances They are divided into Palatinates the Palatinates into Castellains and the Castellains into Captainships They call the Government of places Starosties Besides these Provinces there is one part of Muscovia which was yielded to the Muscovite in the year 1634 after that Ladislaus the Fourth before he was King had the year before valiantly Relieved Smolensko and reduced to utmost Extremity an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites who were constrained to ask him Pardon to save their Lives That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viasma gained to Poland Smolensko Novogrodeck Sevierski Czernihou and other places The Truce for thirteen years beginning February 1667 leaves the Grand Duke of Muscovy in the Possession of Smolensko as also of that part of the Vkraine to the East of Borysthenes and regain'd to the Crown of Poland Dunenbourg Polâ—czk and Witepski Ducal Prussia where stands Konigsberg or Mons Regius a fair City University and Mart generally by our Seamen called Queenborow belonging to the Elector of Brandenburgh who is absolute Sovereign of it independent from Poland The City is so much the bigger because it incloseth two others within the same circuit of Walls Pinau and Memel are two Forts upon the Sea of the greatest concernment of any in that Dominion Curland is a Dukedom for which the Duke of the House of Ketler does Homage to the Crown His Residence is at Mitaw the chief of the Province of Semigallia in Livonia near this City Zernesky the Polish General and Lubermisky the great Chancellor vanquished the Swedish Army and killed 14000 upon the place And Vindaw was the Seat of the great Master of the Teutonick Order Poland the best Peopled is Divided into Vpper and Lower In the first stands Cracovia or Crackow the chief City in all Poland where the Kings and Queens are Crowned Inhabited by a great Number of Germans Jews and Italians encompassed with two strong Walls of Stone on the East-side is the Kings Castle on the West a Chappel where the Kings are Interred Upon the Confines of Silesia stands the City of Czentochow with the Cloyster of Nostre-dame of Clermont an extraordinary strong place and which the Swedes Besieged in vain twice in the Years 1655 and 1656. Sandomiria or Sendomierz a Walled Town and Castle upon a Hill. Lublin or Lublinium is a Walled Town with a strong Castle Environed with Waters and Marishes Here are held three great Fairs at the Feasts of Pentecost St. Simon and Jude and at Candlemas and much resorted unto by Merchants The Lower Poland though lesser than the Higher is nevertheless called Great Poland because it is more a part of the Kingdom than the other The City of Guesna there Seated in the Palatinate of Kalish is very Ancient and the Seat of the first Kings so called from an Eagles Nest which was found there while it was Building and which gave Occasion to the King of Poland to bear Gules an Eagle Argent Crown'd Beak'd and Armed Or bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the same Kalick Calisia is a Walled Town upon the Prosna naming the Country The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thousand Gentlemen the most part Catholicks Warsovia Warsaw is the Capital thereof and of the whole Kingdom in regard the General Diets are kept there and because its Castle is the Kings Court. In Cujavia stands the City Wladislau where the Houses are Built of Brick and the Lake Gopla out of which came the Rats that Devoured King Popiel Posnania or Posen is a Bishops See seated amongst Hills upon the River Warsa fairly built of Stone subject to Inundations chief of the Palatinate In which is also Miedzyrzecze a strong Town upon the Borders of Schlesia impregnably seated amongst Waters and Marshes Koscien a double Walled Town amongst dirty Marshes Sivadia Sirad a Walled Town and Castle seated upon the River Warsa naming the Country sometimes a Dukedom belonging to the second Sons of the Kings of Poland Lancicia Lancitz a Walled Town with a Castle mounted on a Rock upon the River Bsura Rava built all of Wood with a Castle naming the Palatinate Plozko and Dobrzin are two Palatinates on the other side of the Nieper Prussia Royal which belongs to the King of Poland are several Cities which the Knights of the Teutonick Order Built The Lakes and the Sea-Coast afford great store of Amber Marienburgh Mariiburgum is a strong Town where Copernicus was born a Town of good Trade with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vistula Dantzick Gedanum one of the Capital Hans-Towns drives all the Trade of Poland and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea It is a Free Town and is Priviledged to send Deputies to the States of the Kingdom The King of Poland has some Rights there upon Entry of Goods and upon the Custom The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of Prussia The Generous Resolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Authoriry of their King against the Swedes without accepting the Neutrality was the Preservation of the whole Kingdom Lithuania is the greatest Province of all those which compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland It received the Christian Religion 1389 United to Poland 1569. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom wherein there are also to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland The Country is so full of Marshes and Sloughs that there is no Travelling in Winter for the Ice Vilna the Capital City incloses so many sorts of Religions that there is no City in the World where God is Worshipped after so many different ways unless in Amsterdam a Liberty too much allowed in most parts of Christendom but rara temporum felicitas There are also in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates viz Breslaw Mâ—â—sco Mscizlaw Novogrodeck Poloczk Troki Vilna and Witepsk as also the Dutchy of Smolensko Novogrodeck Czernihou with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych and Sluckz whose chief places bears the same name other chief places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly it hath no Palatinate
but its chief place is Rosienne whose houses are built of Mud and Straw-walls teste Sans Polaquia communicates her Name to the Polanders who call themselves Polacks as Descended from Lechus their first Prince It s chief places are Bietskâ— the strong Augustow and the well Fortified Tycassin or Tywckzin where the Kings Treasure is kept Russia Nigra has several Names some call it Black Russia by Reason of the Woods others Red because of the colour of the Earth and some Meridional because of its Situation towards the South Leopol or Lemberg an Archbishoprick is the Principal City but Zamoski the stronger it contains also the Castelwicks of Chilm and Blez and this is by most Geographers esteemed to be in the Higher Poland Volhinia claims for her Capital Kiou Polonis Kioff Germanis an Ancient City having once 300 fair Churches but destroyed by the Tartars still a Bishops See acknowledging the Patriarch of Moschow and of the Communion of the Greek Church Seated upon the Borysthenes where the Cossacks have often had their Retreats It was once the Seat of the Russian Emperors Taken and destroyed by the Tartars 1615 and now said to be taken by the Turks in the War 1678. In Podolia stands the well Fortified and Impregnable Kamienick olim Clepidava teste Cleaver which has formerly withstood the Armies of the Turks the Lesser Tartars the Transylvanians and the Walachians but at length was forced to yield to the Power of the Grand Signior in the Year 1672 since re-taken by the Poles but by the last Treaty delivered to the Turks as is also Oczakow the Axiace of Strab. Plin. Ptol. 1684. the Fortress of Jaslowic in Podolia was surrendred which consisted of 500 men And Dassow at the Mouth of the Borysthenes In the year 1626 the Cossacks entred the Bosphorus with 150 Sail of Saicks or Boats each Boat carrying 50 armed men and have 20 Oars on a side and two men to an Oar and on the Grecian-shore burnt Boyno-devi and Yenichioi on the Asian-side Stenia and put Constantinople into a general Consternation On the Banks of the River Niester Count Esterhasi fell upon the reer of the Turks killed 500 on the place took their Baggage with divers Prisoners and gave liberty to many Christian slaves The next day he charged another party kill'd a great Number and got a considerable Booty And afterwards having got more Recruit he joyned Battel with them and slew 1200 on the place gave liberty to 1400 Christians took divers of their Commanders with their Bag and Baggage with much Gold and Silver in Plate and Money 1624 forty thousand Horse of Tartars enters into Podolia and made Incursions as far as Socal but at Burstinow were overthrown thirty thousand slain and two thousand Prisoners taken the greatest defeat that was ever given to the Tartars Upon a Hill between Tyr River and Chocin the Turks an Tartars being 60000 under Abassa received a great loss by Konispotzki the Polish General with 2500 Horse 1684. Lesser Tartary TARTARIA in EUROPE by Rob t Morden THE Lesser Tartary which lyes in Europe is so called to distinguish it from the Grand which makes part of Asia it is also called Percopensis and Crim from the names of the principal Cities situated in the Peninsula formerly called Taurica Chersonesus The Nogays Tartars must not be omitted that lye between Tanais and Volga nor the Tartars of Ocziakou between the mouth of Borysthenes and the Niester nor the Tartars of Budziack already mentioned to the East of Moldavia between the mouths of the Niester and Donaw Besides all these there are some that are settled also in Lithuania and the Vkraine adjoyning to the Black Sea. The Black Sea is very Tempestuous so named and so famed from the terrible and frequent Shipwracks that happen in it for want of skilful Pilots and good Havens And the people that Inhabit about it are naturally barbarous and wicked without any Religion and under no Government The Circumference of this Sea was reckoned by Eratostenes Hecataeus Ptol. and Ammianus Marcellinus to be 23000 Stadia or 2875 miles The Thracian Bosphorus is certainly one of the comeliest parts of the World the Chanel is about 15 miles in length and about two in breadth in most parts The Shores consist of rising grounds covered over with Houses of Pleasure Woods Gardens Parks delightful Prospects lovely Wildernesses watered with thousands of Springs and Fountains upon it are seated four Castles well fortified with great Guns two eight miles from the Black Sea and the other two near the mouth of the Chanel built not above forty years ago to prevent the Cossacks c. from making Inroads with their Barks Palus Maeotis is by the Turks called Baluck Denguis that is Mare Piscium for 't is incredible what a number of Fish is caught in that Lake And 't is reported that they usually take Fish there which weigh eight or nine hundred pounds and of which they make three or 400 weight of Caveer Their Fishing lasts from October to April The waters do not rise or fall though it partakes of the River Tanais and the intercourse of the Euxine Sea. From the Chanel of Palus Maeotis to Mingrelia 't is reckoned 600 miles along the Coast which consist of pleasant Mountains covered with Woods Inhabited by the Circassians by the Turks called Cherks by the Ancients Zageans by P. Mela Sargacians a Country reckoned by the Turks not worth the Conquering nor the charge of keeping The Commodities that the Turks exchange for with the Inhabitants are Slaves Honey Wax Leather Chacal-skins a Beast like a Fox but bigger and Zerdavas which is a Fur that resembles a Martin with the Furs of other Beasts that breed in the Circassan Mountains The Cherks are a people altogether Savage of no Religion unfaithful and perfidious They live in Wooden Huts and go almost naked And the women till and manure the Ground They are sworn enemies to those that live next to them and make slaves one of another They live upon a kind of Paste made of a very small grain like to a Millet But of this Country little is known to us and what is discovered is by means of the Slaves that are brought from thence into Turkia who are in a manner Savages from whom nothing of certainty is to be expected Crim Tartary is a Peninsula about 200 miles in length and 50 in breadth wonderfully populous and exceeding fruitful abounding in Corn and Grass but Wood and Fuel is scarce The Towns on the Sea-side are Precop Lus lowa Mancup Crim Caffa Kers and Arbotka which lies between the Black and Moeotan or Ratten Seas near to which is a great field 50 miles long enclosed with water where the Tartars in Winter do keep their Hergees or Horses Within the Land are Carasu and Bakessy Seray The Town of Astamgorod stands upon the Neiper in former times there dwelt in it two Brothers Ingul and Vngul who falling at variance and that ending in
to Strong-waters and a Drink called Beza giving themselves up to a Gluttony as Brutish as that which is Natural unto Swine having no Use of Sauces to provoke their Appetite but rest delighted with the meer contentment of Idleness and a full Stomack I shall only add this account of Tartary by Massellini an Italian Physician to the Grand Vizier I for my part found Tartary a very pleasant Country plentiful of all Provisions and the people much more courteous and obliging to strangers and Christians than the Turks are That as to their Morals few Nations less vicious being extreamly severe and faithful having no Thieves or false Witnesses amongst them little injustice or violence and live together in union and peace And that the captive Tartars in Poland are very faithful and just in whatsoever they promise or are entrusted with Of MOLDAVIA TRANSILVANIA MOLDAVIA VALACHIA BVLGARIA c by Robt. Morden MOLDAVIA has sometimes been called Great Walachia and Walachia on this side the Mountains It is very Rich in Honey and Wax for which the Tenths of the Prince amount Yearly to above 200000 Crowns You shall meet with several Heaps of Stones which they report to have been cast up by Darius King of Persia when he made War against the Scythians The Capital Cities thereof are Jassi or Jassum the chief Town for Wealth and Trade 2. Soczova Soczow Suchzow was the Sucidava of Ptol. Ant. the Vaivod's Seat. 3. Chotezin Arcobadara Baud. a place of great strength near the Niester and the Ordinary Magazine of the Country the place where the Poles were Defeated under King Sigismund Augustus and where King John Sobieski a little before his Election won the most memorable Victory in our Age. The Eastern part called Bessarabia lies upon the Black Sea and belongs to the Grand Signior who is Master of the Mouth of the Danow and Niester and who uses all ways imaginable to Subdue the Rich Provinces of the Vkraine It s chief places are Bialogrod Bialogred Moldavis Beligrad Turcis a strong Town near the Mouth of the River Kilia is the Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. teste Laz. But Laonicus tells us that Callatia is now called Calliacra And Niger saith 't is called Pandalla on the Euxine Sea. Ackerman Turcis Moncastro Incol is the Hermonassa Plin. Mel. the Hermonactus Ptol. teste Nigro Nester Alba. Turcis teste Leuncl Moncastro is the Tyras of Ptol. teste Herbersti Zothezavia Nigro a strong place on the same Coast The Plain of Budziack 12 Leagues long and half as broad is possessed by the Dobruce Tartars who are the greatest Robbers in those parts They are about 15000 and lye about Bialigrod Of WALACHIA WALACHIA which lies to the South-East of Transylvania and extends along the Danaw was called Walachia Transalpina to distinguish it from Moldavia It is watered by a great many Rivers Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold And for the Horses they are the best in Europe The Prince who is sometimes called Hospodar and sometimes Waywode that is to say Chief of the Troops Resides at Terwisch Incol Tervis Gal. Targovisco Ital. Tergowisch Germ. Tergovistus or Tergoviscum Lat. Auth. Olim Tiviscum Ptol. Taros Turo teste Lazio And pays to the Grand Signior 26000 Liures Annual Tribute It s other places are Brailano the Piroboridava of Ptol. teste Nigro the Town of most Trade Situate on the Danaw memorable for the Destruction and Slaughter made by John the Vaivod of Moldavia Zorza with its strong Castle taken by Sigismund Anno 1596. Bucaresta is Remarkable for two Bridges the one of Boats laid by Sinan Bassa the other of Stone the Work of the Emperor Trajan Of TRANSYLVANIA TRANSYLVANIA Erdeli Hung. Siedm-grodzka Ziemea Sclavis is so called as being Seated beyond the Woods or rather Mountains that separate it from Hungary The Germans call it Sieben burghen by reason of the Seven Cities which the Saxons Built there viz. Hermanstat Cronstat Nosenstat Medwich Schiesburg Clausenburg and Weissenburg The People of this Country are of two sorts Cicules or Zeklers Saxons or Hungarians The Zeklers are said to come out of Tartary or are rather the remains of the Hunns who quitted their Names that they might not be Odious to their Neighbours They are settled chiefly in the Northern part at Orbay at Kisdi at Czick at Girgio at Marous at Arania and Sepsi Their Capital City is Newmark The Saxons or Hungarians are Originally Descended from the Germans and call themselves the Nobles of the Country Hermanstadt Ger. Czeben Zeben Hung. the Cibinium Hermannopolis of the Ancients yielded by the Turks 1659 after much Slaughter and a stout Resistance is the Residence of the Prince a strong City well Fortified both by Art and Nature Waradin or Wardeyn has been extraordinarily Fortified by the Turks who have there made a Magazine of Arms ever since the Year 1660. Cronstat Kronstat Germ. Brassow vel Brassowa Hung. Brassaw Incolis the Patrovissa of Ptol. Stephanopolis Corona Praetoria Augusta Vet. is Remarkable for a fair Library and a kind of Academy and the most Noted Empory of the Country Nosenstadt Germ. Bistritia Bestercze Hung. the Nemidava Vet. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Old Manuscripts is a pleasant and sweet Town Clausenburg Germ. Koloswar Hung. Claudiapolis Vet. Zeugma Ptol. aliis Besieged by the Turks Defended by D. Retani and Relieved by Scheniden with 6000 Men 1661. But Lazius tells us that Zeugma is the Zazsebes Hung. or the Mulenbach Ger. three Leagues distant from Clausenburg towards the South seated in a pleasant Plain beautified with handsome Buildings and is the Court of their Judicature Wassemburg Germ. Gyula-Feieruar Hung. Albajulia or Alba-Giulia the Apulum of Ptol. was the Ordinary Residence of the Prince or Vayvod of Transylvania Varhel Incolis Gradisch Selavo Veczol Venecz teste Lazio is the Zarmigethusa or Zarmisogethusa of Ptol. Vlpia Trajana Vet. Megies or Medgis Hung. Megeswar Medwisch Germ. the Pirum of Ptol. Mediesus Lat. Segeswar Incol Schiesburg Ger. Sciburgium is the Sandava of Ptol. teste Lazio Janova Besieged by the Grand Vizier 1658 and taken The Country Naturally abounds with Wine Corn Fruit and Cattel The People are much of the same Nature with the Hungarians to whom they have been for a long time subject but are somewhat more stubborn and untractable and speaking the same Language with some difference in the Dialect only One of the Principal Revenues of Transylvania consists in Salt which is chiefly made at Torda from whence they send it into Hungary by the River Marish There are also Mines of Gold and Silver and sometimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers that weigh half a pound So that the Hungarians when they possessed Transylvania called it their Treasury There are several sorts of Religions in Transylvania for Catholicks Lutherans and Calvinists had the free Exercise of their Religion there ever since the beginning
Rhodes But upon the second of September 1686 the same day of the year when it was taken by Solyman after it had groaned under the Tyrannous yoke of the Ottoman 145 years was this great and strong City the Capital of Hungary reduced under the obedience of the Emperor Leopold the First by the Prudence Constancy and Conduct of the Couragious Duke of Lorrain the Terror of the Musselmen and the Greatest General of this Age. The Turks have formerly experienced the Valour of Huniades and Scanderbergh They have feared the Courage of the Duke of Merceur They have trembled at the Conduct and slaughter of the Valiant Count Serini but much more reason have they to dread the Martial Duke of Lorrain He it was that near Preshurg routed the Rebellious Army of Teckley He it was that defeated the Turks near Calenburgh He it was with the King of Poland that raised the Siege of Vienna He it was that vanquished the Enemy near Barkan and rescued the King of Poland when the Polish Army was in Confusion He it was that relieved the City of Gran and routed the Army of Zeitan Ibraim Basha and lastly He it was that whilest the Grand Vizier Soliman looked on with a potent Army won this Glorious Conquest Buda Not far from Buda in the year 1578 was fought a Battel of so strange a fortune between the Christians and the Turks that the Conquerors were conquered and the vanquished got the Victory Other Cities are Poson Hungaris Presburg Germanis Pesonium Pessonium the Flexum of Ptol. Ant. The City is pleasant the Castle stately where the highly-esteemed Crown of Hungary is kept the Labyrinth Fish-Ponds and Fountains are Noble it is the Capital of what the House of Austria possesses ten German miles from Vienna Since the Loss of Alba Regalis it is the place of Election and Coronation of the Kings of Hungary Cassovia Chaschaw incolis Caschow lies towards the Mountains having the fairest Arsenal in the Country Eperies Eperiae is much frequented by reason of the Fairs which are there kept where also there is a Salt-Mine about 180 Fathom deep the veins of Salt are large and there are pieces of 10000 l. weight the colour of the Salt-stone is somewhat gray but grinded to powder it becomes white nor is the Salt always of one colour but of divers there are some pieces so clear and hard that they carve them into divers Figures Sabaria of Plin. Ptol. Amm. Stain am Angern Germ. Szombatel Hung. teste Lazio but by Cluver it is Sarwar Hung. Rothenturn Ger. of Old the Metropolis of Pannonia Superior the Birth-place of St. Martin Some Report and others believe that Ovid was Buried there in his Return towards Italy Nittria Hung. Neytracht Ger. a Bishops See. Freistat or Calgotz Hung. a fair large Town but Burned by the Turks Schemnitz the greatest of the Mine-Towns in Hungary and where great quantity of Silver Ore is every day digged It hath three fair Churches and three Castles and several Mines those of Windschacht and Trinity are the chief the last 70 Fathom deep the one is much esteemed and of a black colour covered with a white Earth There is also often found a Red Substance which grows to the Ore called Cinnaber of Silver which being grinded with Oyl maketh a Vermilion as good as the Cinnaber made by Sublimation There are also found in these Mines Crystals Amethysts and Amethystine mixtures as also Vitriol Naturally Crystalliz'd in the Earth And as there is great variety in the Silver Ore as to its mixtures with Earth Stones Marchasite Cinnaber Vitriol c. so also in its Richness some holding a great Proportion of Silver in respect of others A hundred pound-weight of Ore sometimes yields but half an Ounce or an Ounce of Silver sometimes two Ounces 3 4 5 and so to 20 Ounces what is Richer is very rare Most of the Schemnitz Ore holds some Gold which they separate by melting the Silver then granulating it and after by dissolving it in Aqua-fortis made out of a peculiar Vitriol prepared at Chremnitz whereby the Gold is left at the bottom and is afterwards melted and the Aqua-fortis is Distilled from the Silver and serveth again for Use Chremnitz Carpates of old is the Oldest Mine-Town and the Richest in Gold of all the rest 965 years they have Worked there the Mine is about 10 English miles in length and there is one Cuniculus or Horizontal Passage 800 Fathoms long and the depth is about 170 Fathoms and the Leopold Pit is 150 Fathoms deep Of the Gold Ore some is white some black some red some yellow that with black spots within white is esteemed the best There is also a Vitriol Mine at Chremnitz about 80 Fathom deep the Ore whereof is reddish and sometimes greenish This Ore is infused in water and after three days the water is poured off and boiled seven days in a Leaden Vessel till it comes to a thick granualated whitish Substance which is afterwards reduced to a Calx in an Oven and serveth in the making of Aqua-fortis or the separating water used at Schremnitz Newsol or Bistricia has the greatest Copper-works in Hungary the Copper being very strongly united to its stone-bed or Ore the Separation is effected with great labour and difficulty it being burned and melted 14 times before it becomes fit for Use At a little Village called Smalnik there is a Rivulet which changes particles of Iron into Copper The leaves of Oaks that are by the bank-side falling into the water are insensibly eaten through and the most gross particles of this water getting therein it is turned into a leaf of Copper which being exposed to the Sun or only to the Air hardens and always retains its former figure of an Oaken leaf At Glas-Hitten seven English miles from Schemnitz there was once a rich Gold Mine but since the over-running of the Country by Bethlem Gabor it is lost 'T is much frequented by reason of its natural hot Baths Eisenbach four miles English from Glas-Hitten and five or six from Schemnitz is also noted for its Hot Baths the sediment of which is red and turneth into Stone and it turneth Wood into Stone At Hern-Grundt an Hungarian mile from Newsol in that Mine were two Springs of a Vitriolate water which turn Iron into Copper The seven chief Mine-Towns are Schemnitz Chremnitz Newsol Koningsberg Bochantz Libeten Tiln The strongest places belonging to the House of Austria were Javarin Comara and Leopolstat the Bulwarks of Christendom Javarin Gallis Raab stands in the Plain out of sight environed by the Danow and Raab Germanis Gewer Hungaris Giavarin Italis Rab. Incolis Yanick Turcis It was the Arabo of Ant. the Narabo of Ptol. Is Fortified with seven large Bastions covered with Brick and four Cavilliers or Ravelins between It was Besieged by Sinan Bassa in the time of Sultan Murat the Third who at one Assault lost 1200 Men but by the Treachery of Count Herdeck
defeated their Camp which was infinitely rich their Baggage Cannon and Tents all taken and Vienna happily relieved when brought to its last extremity Other places in Austria are 2. Lintz Aradate of Ptol. the Residence of the Emperor during the Siege of Vienna not great but as neat and handsome a City as most in Germany The Houses built of white Free-stone and the Castle is of the Modern Fortification Here is a Bridg over the Danube besieged by 40000 Peasants of Austria in the time of Ferdinand the Second at last overcome by Papenheim 3. Ens Anisia upon the River Anisus or Onusus near which stood the Lauriacum of old now Lorch a Roman Garison and afterwards a Bishops See. 4. Melcke Nomale or Mea Dilecta once the Seat of the Marquesses of Austria noted for its noble Cloister of Benedictines which overlooks the Town and the Tomb of St. Colman there much honoured At Stein is a Bridg over the Danube Crembs is a Walled Town Baden about four German miles from Vienna is a pretty Walled Town seated near a part of Mount Cetius which divided Noricum from Pannonia Most remarkable for its Baths which are much frequented and are nine in Number Newstat is one of the chiefest Cities in Austria it is of a square figure with a Piazza in the middle of it Here was Count Peter Serini and Frangipani Beheaded as chief Contrivers of the Hungarian Revolt Pretronel or Haimburg the same or near to the Carnuntum of Plin. Liv. Carnus of Ptol. a strong Hold of the Pannonians in vain attempted by the Romans 170 years before the Incarnation subdued in the time of Augustus and made a Roman Colony Here resided the Emperor Antonius Philosophus three years and died at Vindihona now Vienna And here Severus was Elected Emperor ruined in after-times by Attila in his Incursions into these parts The Marquisate of Stiria alias Steirmarck is a Hilly and Mountainous Country rich chiefly in Minerals The Inhabitants are much troubled with a Disease called Struma or the Kings-Evil a swelling of the Throat proceeding from their more cold and moist Air or from their more sharp and piercing Waters mingled with Snow or with the virose streams and particles of Mercury or other Minerals descending from off their Mountains It s chief Place is Gratz Graiacum Graeciam Savaria upon the Mur. Petaw is the Petavium of Ptol. and the Petobio of Am. Marcel Paetovio Ant. Racklespurg Pruck or Poreig the Bolentium and Muri pones of the Ancients Seckavar Sekou a Bishops See and Cell are of the greatest Pilgrimages in the Austrian Territory Carinthia lies on the West of Stiria It s chief Places are Clagenfurt near the Lake Werdsee Claudia Plin. teste Laz. A fair four square Walled Town with a fair Piazza in the middle adorned with a Column of Marble and a Statue of the Virgin upon it also with a Statue of the Emperor also with a noble Fountain in the middle over which is a large prodigious Dragon of stone and of Hercules with his Club standing before it At Bleyburg are Lead-mines where they have worked 1100 years and the Pit is 110 fathom deep 2. St. Veit or St. Faith Vitopolis seated upon the Confluence of the Rivers Glan and Wunich a Walled Town with six Churches and a Piazza with a remarkable Fountain In sight of St. Veit are four Hills with Chappels upon them to all which upon one day of the year the Inhabitants go in devotion on foot which is near thirty English miles Not far from St. Veit is a place called Saal or Solva Ager Solvensis or Zolfeldt a place fruitful in Antiquities among others that of the Kings Chair used at the Installing of the Duke of Carinthia which among other Ceremonies whether he be King Prince or Emperour either himself or his Substitute receives a gentle box on the Ear from a Country-man 3. Lavemondt or Lavanmynd Lavanti Ostium a Bishops See. 4. Villach Juliam Carnicum Vacorium of Ptol. teste Jovib Sabel upon the Dra. And 5. Gruck a Bishops See. The Dukedom of Carniola by the Germans Krain is rich in Corn Wine and Oyl Chiefer Towns are Laibach or Laback Labacum the Pamporta of Strabo and Nauportus of Plin. Memorable for the story of the Ship Argonauta wherein was brought the Golden Fleece from Pontus Euxinus stopped here by the bordering Mountains and carried over Land to the Adriatick Sea and so brought back again unto Greece Krainburg is a very strong place And Gorecz Goritium near the Adriatick upon the River Lisonze belongs to the Arch-Duke of Austria as also the Earldoms of Lilley and Windishmarck the chief place of the first beareth the same name the chief place of the latter is Metling the Metallum or Metalum of Strab. App. Here also is the Zirchnitzer-See or the famous strange Lake Zirknitzer or Zirichnitz Lugeum or Lugaeâ— Palus of Strab. Palus Liburniae Japodum palus a Lake about two German miles long and one broad Every year in the Month of June the water of this Lake descendeth under ground through many great holes at the bottom and in the Month of September returneth again by the same holes and with a speedy ascent springs up to the height of 14 or 15 foot and affordeth plenty of Fish and when dry it yields store of grass for Cattle Idria about ten miles from Goritia or Noreia of old and is famous for its Quick-silver Mines one of which is between 120 and 130 fathoms deep 'T is seated amongst the Mountains upon a River of the same Name that runneth into the Zisonzo near which Odoacer King of Italy was slain in Battel by Theodorick King of the Goths Trieste Tergestum is a Port-Town of the Emperors in the Adriatick Sea as is also Aquileia once the Metropolis of the Carni but destroyed by Attila 452 and by the Longobards 590 so that 't is now pâ—â—r and mean both properly are in Italy Ponteba or Pont Fella is the exact Confines between the Venetian and the Imperial Dominions on the one side of the Bridg live Italians subject to the Venetians on the other Germans subjects to the Emperor West of Carinthia lies the Country of Tirol of a fertile Soil and in many places Silver Mines whose chief places are Inspruck Aeniponi seated on the Oenus or Inn River which gave Name to the third Branch of Austria where the Arch-Dukes have a Magnificent Palace sometimes the seat of Charles the Fifth and Ferdinand the First 2. Trent a Bishoprick seated on the River Adesis famous for the General Council there held by Pope Paul the Third and his Successors against the Doctrines of Luther and Calvin It began in Anno 1545 and continued off and on for the space of eighteen years Brixen Brixia is a famous Bishoprick in this Country Tyrol is a Castle that gives Name unto the greatest Country of Europe Schwatz and Stertzingen are rich in Silver Mines And now we are come to our Third
Brennoburgum a Bishops See and the first Seat of the Marquisses giving Name to the Country The Metropolis of the New is Francfurt Francofurtum ad Oderam a University 1506 enjoying a pleasant Situation among Corn-fields and Viney-downs so that Ceres and Bacchus seems both enamoured of it Berlin Berlinum seated in the midst of the Province is the place of the Prince Electors Residence Costrinum Costriin Custrin Kustrin is a very strong Fortress said never yet taken Havelburg is the Seat of a Bishop Besides this Marquisate whereunto the Electoral Dignity is annexed there belongs to this Prince the Dutchy of Prussia in Poland The Dutchy or moiety of Pomerania The Reversion of the Dutchy of Magdeburg The Dutchy of Cleves and Earldom of Mark The Principalities of Halberstat in Brunswick and Minden in Westphalia which he had in lieu of his Resignation of the Higher Pomerania to the Swede The Dutchy of Crossen and Lordship of Pregnitz in Silesia The Jurisdiction of Cotbuss or Cotwis and other Towns in Lusatia or Laussnitz The Branches of this Family are the Marquisses of Cutembach and Onspach Of Pomerania or Pomeren POmerania lies extended all along the shore of the Baltick Sea divided into the Upper and Lower Pomeren now Royal and Ducal Pomerania the first belonging to the Swedes the latter to the Elector of Brandenburg A Country plain populous and abundantly fruitful in Corn Pasturages Honey Butter Wax and Flax. Chief Places in Pomerania Royal are Stettin Stetinum memorable for its brave Siege and as brave defence in the year 1676. when taken from the Swedes since restored again 2. Wollin when Julinum a flourishing Emporium Anno 1170. sacked by Waldemarus King of Denmark 3. Gripswald a noted University 4. Wolgast over against the Isle Vsedom 5. Straelsundt alias Sundis a well Traded Empory over against the Isle Rugen Chief Places in Ducal Pomeran are Camin a Bishops See over against the Isle Wollin Colberg at the mouth of the River Persandt Coslin upon the River Radnie Newgâ—rten upon the Hamersbeck Stargard upon the Ina. Rugenwal upon the Wipper are all considerable Towns. This shall suffice for the Higher Saxony or the Eighth Circle of the Empire come we next to that of the Lower Saxony which contains Of the Dutchy of Mecklenburg MEckelburgiensis sive Megalopolitani Ducatus lies next to Pomerania along the Coast of the Baltick Sea of a fruitful Soil and rich in Corn. The Princes or Dukes whereof are now divided into two Branches the chiefs whereof make their Residence at Suevin or Schwerin and at Gusteen or Gustrow and have now each of them a moiety of the Dutchy and are said to be derived from the Vandal Princes However in the late German Wars the Emperor made these Princes feel the weight of his indignation giving their Lands to Wallestein a Silesian Gentleman a great Captain indeed and renowned Soldier who by a strange Ingratitude and Devilish ambition came to a miserable end the Duke of Biron and the Earl of Essex had such like designs and as Tragical Catastrophies Nevertheless they reentred into it by the Arms of the Great Gustavus their Cousin-German 1631. And tho Munster-Treaty took Wismar yet gave them in Exchange the Bishopricks of Ratzeburg and Suerin turned into Principalities Other chief places are Wismar Wismaria a Hans-Town and noted Port upon the Baltick founded out of the Ruins of the great and ancient City of Mecklenburg or Megalopolis Anno 1240. taken by the Elector of Brandenburg 1676 from the Swedes but restored again 2. Rostock Rosarum Vrbs Rhodopolis a Hans-City noted Port large rich and well Traded a University founded Anno 1415. Come we next in course to Holstein which is under the Homage and right of the Empire but being in possession of the House of Denmark we shall refer its Description to that Kingdom and speak of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg Of the Dutchies of Brunswick and Lunenburg THIS was a part of the ancient Dukedom of Saxony till the Proscription of Henry Sirnamed the Lion by the Emperor Frederick Barbarosa but by the Mediation of Henry the Second King of England his Father-in-law being reconciled unto the Emperor had the Cities of Brunswick and Lunenburg with their Countries restored unto him afterwards erected into a Dukedom by the Emperor Frederick the Second whose posterity enjoyed these Dukedoms jointly till the year 1430. when they were divided between William the Victorious who had the Title of Brunswick and his Uncle Bernard who had the Title of Lunenburg and in their posterity both these Dutchies do still continue Of Brunswick al. Brunswigensis Appiano The South and East parts towards Hessen c. swell with Woody Mountains and Hills parts of the ancient Hercinian the Northern part more plain and fruitful in Corn and other Commodities Chief Places are Brunswiick al. Braunswyck Brunsviga the Tulisurgiam of Ptol. teste Appiano upon the River Oacer and one of the chief Hans-Towns containing about seven miles in compass fair populous and strongly fortified with a double Wall peopled with industrious Inhabitants jealous of their Liberty Governed in manner of a Free Estate held under the right of the Princes It s chief Trade is in Hides and Mum. 2. Goslar Gâ—slaria a Town Imperial 3. Wolfenbuttel a very strong Castle and the Residence of the Dukes of Brunswiick where is a famous Library within these Territories were also included the Principality of Halberstat now under the Elector of Brandenburg and the Bishoprick of Hildersheim the Abbey Quedelnburg whose Abbatess was sometimes Princess of the Empire now subject to the House of Saxony Hannover is the Seat and Title of another Branch of the Dukes of Brunswick whose Duke is a Catholick in whose Territories are Calemburg Grubenhagen Gottingen and Hamelen where the Inhabitants keep the Records of the famous Piper who in 1284. drew the Boys of the Town into a Cave who were never after heard of Lunaeburgensis Ducatus Hertzogthumb Lunenbourg incolis Dutche de Lunebourg Gallis The Country is plain the Air sharp and healthful and the Soil fruitful The chief Town is Lunenburg Lunaeburgum upon the River Vlme now one of the Six Hans-Towns large populous and adorned with fair Buildings whose chief Trade is in Salt. Cell or Zell is the Residence of the Dukes Of Bremen Episcopatus Bremensis THIS Diocess or Arch-Bishoprick of Bremen is a Country whose extreme parts along the Elbe and Weser are very fertile for Corn and Pasturages the more inner parts wild and barren Bremen an Arch-Bishops Sea gives name to the Country it is seated upon the right side of the Weser large populous rich and well Traded and strongly fenced and is famous for its Art of dressing Leather and Cloth and for their Fish Stada Stadt a noted Hans-Town accounted the most ancient in Saxony and once the Staple of the English Merchant-Adventurers now the place where the Ships pay Tole strongly fortified Bremersforde a Castle and Village where the Arch-Bishop
Bern Lucern and Friburg Geneva first with Friburg then with Bern and Zurich As for the Prefectures of the Switzers they are such lesser Parcels and Adittaments as have arrived to their State and are Subject to their Authority either by Gift Purchase or War viz. the Town and Country of Baden Bremgarten Mellingen Rapersvila or Raperchswil The free Provinces of Wagenthal The Country of Tergow al. Tergea The Country and Town of Sargans and Walenstat The Prefectorship of Rheineck The Vallies of Locarn Lugan Mendrisi and Madia The Balliages of Belinzona Gasteren and Vlzenach Of Granson Morat and Orbe and Schwarzimburg and the Count Verdemburg All which Cantons as well as their Allies are as so many distinct Commonwealths Governed by their Magistrates and independent upon one another They have two sorts of Religion amongst them the Roman Catholick and the Protestant The Catholick Cantons are five or as some count seven the five Cantons are Vri Switz Vnderwald Lucern and Zug They that reckon seven add Friburg and Soleure But Zurich Bern Basil and Scasouse are Protestants Glans and Appenzel are Protestants and Papists mix'd together The Catholick Cantons Assemble at Lucern and the Protestant Cantons at Aran. The General Assemblies are held yearly at Baden which bears that Name from her Baths Every Canton is free to engage where it sees convenient Among all these Cantons Zurich has the Precedency Bern is the most Powerful Basil has the finest City the Residence and the Rendezvous of several learned Men. The Canton of Schasouse has a City famous for Trade and in Solothure stands a City of the same Name where the most Christian King's Embassador Resides Vren Switz Vnderwald Glaris and Appenzel have only Burroughs The Order of the 13 Cantons according to their Precedency is Zurich Bern Lucern Vren Switz Vnderwald Zug Glaris Basil Friburg Solothure Schafhausen and Appenzel Amongst the Allies of the Cantons the Grisons are the most Powerful of all Their City of Coire is the place whither the Merchandizes of Italy and Germany are brought by reason of its Situation upon the Rhine which in that place begins to grow Navigable The Chief Cities in these Cantons are Zurich the Tigurium of Caes Liv. pleasantly Situate at the end of a Lake called Zurich-Sea or Tigurinum Lacum divided almost into two equal parts by the River Ligamus which runs out of the Lake but joyned together by two Bridges The Houses built of Timber and Painted many four or five Stories high The Streets narrow but paved with Flints and Pebbles 'T is well Fortified besides the Wall with good Earth-works and Trenches It hath a University Its Citizens are Rich given to Merchandise Busy and Industrious To this belongs the Power and Authority of summoning the General Diets and having the first place in both Assemblies Near Zurich was Zuinglius Slain aged 44 years whose Heart remained whole in the midst of the Fire after his Body was consumed As also the Heart of Bishop Cranmer in England as 't is reported Below Zurich upon the Ligamus enjoying a most happy and pleasant Situation lieth the Town of Baden named thus from the hot Baths thereof beautified with fair Buildings The Seat of their General Diets much frequented and resorted to also for its publick and private Baths not so much for Health as Pleasure The chiefest Virtue is the quickning Power they have upon barren Women for here the Men and Women promiscuously wash together and which is worst in private too Basil Ang. Basil Germ. Basle Gal. Basilea Ital. Basilia Mercel The Arialbinum of Ant. teste Cluver Sanson A City large and fair The Houses built of Stone for the most part and painted compassed with a double Wall and Trench Rich and Populous The River Rhine divides it into two parts which are joyned together by a Bridg of fourteen Arches In this City are said to be 600 Fountains It gives Title to a Bishop who is not suffered to lodg in the Town one Night Spantalus an English Man was the first Bishop here 'T is an University founded by Pope Pius the 2d Here was Erasmus buried and here was held that Council where it was decreed that a General Council was above the Pope An. 1431. Near hereunto is the Village Augst where stood the City Augusta Rauracom Ptol. Rauriaca of Plin. and Basilia Civitas Basiliensium of Ant. Bern seated upon the Aar with whose Streams Island-like it is almost round encompassed on that side which is not it is strongly Fortified with Bastions and Out-works 'T is built of Stone and hath one long Street with narrow Porticoes or Cloysters on both sides The great Church is one of the handsomest Stone-Fabricks in all Switzerland Lucern is seated upon both sides of the River Russ issuing forth of the Lake Lucern and Waldstetten-See a neat City and pleasantly seated it hath four Bridges over the Russ one for Carts the other foot-Bridges one near a quarter of a Mile long The great Church stands without the City-wall and is noted for its great Organ The City is well traded and much frequented by Strangers being the ordinary Road between Italy and Gremany and the Rendezvous of their Merchandise passing that way Altrof an open Village is the Chief of the Canton of Vren The Village of Switz gave Name to the Country Stantz is the chief of the Canton of Vnderwald Glaris gives Name to that Canton Zug is a walled Town upon the left Shore of the Zugen-See Appenzel was sometimes the Seat of the Abbots of St. Gall then Lords of the Country now gives Name to the Canton Solothurn Solothurum of Ant. upon the Aar was the place of Martyrdom of Vrsus and his 66 Theban Soldiers in the Reign of the Emperor Dioclesian Friburg upon the River Sana is a handsome Town and Head of the Canton Schaf-hausen is seated upon the River Rhine where all Boats and Flotes that come down the River unload because of the Catarract or precipitious Descent of the Rhine at Wasserfal Here as at Zurich the Citizens wear Swords when they go abroad Chief Towns of the Confederate-Estates are Geneva Caes Genevra Ital. Gneff Germ. is pleasantly seated at the lower end of the Lake Lemanus now Genfferzee or the Lake of Geneva divided by the River Rhoscu into two parts which are joyned together by two Wooden Bridges strong and well fortified with Ramparts and Bastions of Earth and well governed where Vice is discountenanced yet Sports and Exercises allowed upon the Lords Day the People Industrious in Trading and Provisions plentiful Losanne Lausanna the Lausonium Ant. is a great Town and University upon Lacus Lamani Coira vel Coria Ital. Chur Incolis Caria Ant. Diac. is the Capital City of the Grisons almost environed with Mountains a Bishops See whose Inhabitants are all Protestants except the Bishop who hath nothing to do in the Government of it yet Coins Money which is currant there This Rhaetia or Country of the Grisons is divided
into three Parts 1. Lega Della Casa Dio or Foedus Domus Dei. 2. Lega Grisa 3. Dicci Dritture or Foedus decem Jurisdictionum Sion Ital. Sitten Ger. Sedunum Caes Plin. is the chief Town of Valesiae or Wallislands reaching along the Course of the Rhosne A Bishop-See seated upon the Rhosne in a Plain under a steep biforked Mountain spiring up in manner of two high and precipitious Rocks upon the top of the one is the Cathedral Church and the Houses of the Canons upon the other which is much higher The strong Castle called Thurbile in Summer-time the pleasant Recess of the Bishops the Key of the Country Martinack is the Octodurus of Caes Civit. Valensium Ant. St. Mauriaz Agaunum now St. Moritz closed with a Castle and two Gates upon the Bridg and the Mountains which shut up the Country which is within most pleasant fruitful and happy in Corn and excellent Pasture where is also Salt Springs discovered An. 1544. near Sitten Also divers Fountains of hot Medicinal waters Without the Country is environed with a continual Wall of horrid and steep Mountains The surprise of it alarmed all Europe when seized upon by the Count Fuentes for the King of Spain Mellingen Bremgarten and Meienberg chief Places of Wagenthal lie upon the Russ River Biel appertaineth to the Bishops of Basil Newenburg to the House of Longeville in France both confederate with Bern. The chief Places of Targow are St. Gal seated amongst Mountains not far from the Rhine and the Lake Bodenzee or Constance The City is Rich and well Governed inhabited by an industrious People in making Stuffs and Linnen Clothes From the famous Monastry hereof are named the Abbots Princes of the Empire and of great Power and Reverence in this Country Frawenfeld is the chief belonging to the confederate Cantons Chief Places in the Italian Prefectures are Locern Lorcarnum seated in a pleasant and fruitful Plain betwixt high Mountains and the Head of the Lake Magione the Verbanus Lucas Strab. Plin. and Of the SEVENTEEN PROVINCES Or the LOW-COUNTRIES BY the Latins that Tract is called Belgium from the Belgi the most Potent People heretofore of all these parts which upon the Confusion of those Ancient Limits of Germany and France did contain 17 distinct Estates or Provinces It is also called Germania Inferior by the English the Low-Countries by the Dutch Netherlandt by the Italians Spaniards and French Flanders from whence the Inhabitants were generally called Flemmings 'T is a Country seated very low between the Banks of the Rhine and the Sea-shore from which 't is Defended by extraordinary Charge and Industry with Banks and Ramparts For Hubandry 't is the best cultivated for multitude of Towns and Villages the best Peopled for their neatness the most Remarkable and by reason of their several Manufactures the most Rich of any Country in Europe 'T is bounded on the North with the German or British Ocean which also separates it from Great Britain on the West and on the South and East it borders upon France and Germany The Ancient Inhabitants were partly Subdued by L. Drusius in the time of Augustus Caesar the other were before overcome by Julius Caesar After which subjection they remained under the Roman Empire until the Expiration of that Empire when they were involved in that Publick Calamity under the Victorious French who here succeeded the Romans the whole was contained under the Name and Kingdom of Austrasia or Oostinreich After that the French Monarchy became divided amongst the Posterity of the Emperor Lewis the Godly this part hereof broke into sundry new Principalities and Governments and became divided into 17 States or Provinces whereof some Entitled their Governours Dukes others Earls others Lords Their Names are these Four Dukedoms Brabant Limburg Luxemburg and Guelderland Seven Earldoms Holland Zeland Zutphen Flanders Artois Hainault and Namur One Marquisate of the Holy Empire comprehending Antwerp Five Signories or Lordships Malins Vtrecht Over-Yssel Friesland and Grâ—ningen Two of these Flanders and part of Artoise appertained to the Soveraignty of the Kings of France quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain by Henry the Second French King in the League of Cambray Brabant Flanders part of Artois Limberg with Malines and the Marquisate of the Sacred Empire became added to the Dominion and Family of Burgundy by Philip the Hardy Holland Zealand West-Freisland Hainalt Luxemburg and Namur by Philip the Good Gelderland Zutphen Vtreicht Over-yssel and Groningen by the Emperor Charles the Fifth Since this Union they were Governed in manner of Free Estates by their Princes and Magistrates making a distinct Nation and Commonwealth by themselves Duke Charles the Fighter Prince hereof had an intent to unite the parts then under his Government into one entire Kingdome by the name of Burgundy But the Provinces being Soveraign and had their several Laws Priviledges c. this project took no effect In the reign of Philip the Second King of Spain Heir of the House of Burgundy and in the year 1566. began those memorable Civil broils so long afflicting those rich and flourishing Countries continued with the spoil and ransacking of all their chief Towns and Cities with the unspeakable misery and calamity of a bloody War of 48 years a War which cost the King of Spain the Lives of 600000 men and 150 Millions of Crowns and England not fewer than 100000 men and above a Million of Money At last part of the Provinces were forced to continue under the Spanish Yoak and part recovered their Liberty so that now there are in the Low Countries two Estates or Dominions far differing one from another for the one is a Republick or rather several Republicks United and Confederated in one and therefore called the Vnited Provinces and commonly from the Principal Province Holland The other for the most part did belong to the King of Spain as Heir to the House of Burgundy and is called the Spanish Provinces or Flanders but of the late Years the French King hath Conquered most part thereof As the Country is divided so is also their Religion for the Spaniards strictly follow the Romish and the States-General indulg the free Use of all Religions but countenance only that of the Reformed Churches according to Calvin The Men for the most part are well proportioned unmindful of good Turns and Injuries of good Invention Frugal and of indefatigable Industry The Women generally of good Complexions Familiar Active Laborious and conversant in Affairs in the Shops and Houses Their Language for the most part is Dutch with little difference in the Dialect but in the Provinces adjoining to France they speak a corrupt and imperfect French from their Language called Walloons The Air is Temperate and more wholesome than formerly the Winter more long than cold and the Summer like the Spring in Southern Countries The Soil towards Germany is Woody and Hilly but towards the Sea full of Pasture and Meadow-ground which breed great
by force in the year 1635. by the French and Hollanders Niville is made Remarkable by her Canonesses for the fine Linnen-cloth made there and for the fair High-ways round about it Breda and Boisleduc by the Dutch Hertogenbosch Busium Ducis belong to the States-General of the Vnited Provinces as also Bergen-opzoom and Grave Bergen-opzoom is famous for the notable resistance it made to Spinola 1622. All these places are very strong and Boisleduc is so Naturally as well as Artificially Fortified by reason of its Marshes that before it was taken it was thought impregnable It belonged to the Family of Nassaw a strong Town of War after a stout long and resolute Siege taken in by the Arch-Dutchess Isabella afterwards retaken by a few venturous Gentlâ—men who hiding themselves in a Boat covered with Turf were conveyed into the Castle which they mastered and the next day made the Prince of Orange Lord of it again The Brabanders claim a Privilegâ— to debate of nothing out of the Limits of their Country of whom Eâ—asmus's Proverb was Brabante quo magis senescunt eo magis stultescunt The Marquisate of the Holy Empire derives its Name from its Situation lying upon the Ancient Bounds of France and the Empire and whither the Emperors were wont to send Governours which they called Marquesses There is only the City of Antwerp in it Atuacutum Aduatacum Jou Becano Andoverpum al. Antuerpia Antwerpen incolis Antwerp Ang. Anveres Hisp Anvers Gal. Antorfi Germ. Anversa Italiâ— One of the fairest and most pleasant Cities in all the Low-Countries for which Reason Charles the First called it his Holy-day City The Importance of the Situation hath caused it to be strongly fortified with ten great Bastions and one of the strongest Cittadels in Europe flank'd with five great Bastions lined with Brick and Free-stone This Cittadel was Built toward the highest part of the River that it might command the City and be succoured from that part of the Country which was Subject to its Prince The Duke of Alva who Built the Cittadel caused his Statue to be set up which was afterwards taken down The Jesuits in Antwerp have a Church Built all of Marble which is said to be the fairest which they have in the World. Formerly this City has been reckoned to have contained above 200000 Persons and to have had above 2500 Ships upon the Scheld But she has lost much of her Trade and Grandeur ever since the Dutch became Masters of the Entrance into her River There is also in Brabant the Dukedom of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergen-opzoom the Earldoms of Hoochstraten and Megen the Baronies of Breda Diest and Grimbergen Malines is the Residence of the Parliament of the Catholick Provinces of the King of Spain Her Territories are very small consisting of about nine Villages yet making one of the 17 Provinces And it is Reported that the Women of Malines when they are ready to Lye-in go into Brabant to be brought to Bed to the end their Children may enjoy the Privileges of the Brabanders Namur Namurcum is a Town of consequence by reason of the passage over the Meuse in that part where the Sambre falls into her Marble Slate and Sea-coal are thence Transported Charleroy Carolo-regium upon the Sambre is one of the best Fortresses of the Low-Countries since it fell into the hands of the French restored by the Treaty of Nimeguen to the Spaniards Limburgh Limburgum has only the Town of the same Name which is of any Remarque with a strong Castle upon a Rock taken by the French King in the year 1675. Walkemburg Falcoburgium and Dalem two Earldoms are part of this Dutchy The Country of Liege belongs to its Bishop to whom the Inhabitants formerly gave the Title of Grace He is Elected by the Chapter who formerly Resided at Tongres or Tongeren Civitas Tungrorum Ptol. Advatuca Tongrorum Here flourished in the time of the Romans an ancient Bishops See after the Invasion and spoil by Atilas and the Huns by whom the Town was sacked and destroyed in the year 498. It was removed by St. Savatius to Maestreich afterwards in the year 713. by St. Hubert it was removed to Luick or Leidg where now it resteth The Bishoprick is of a large Extent and has many places within the Limits of the Neighbouring Provinces Leige Leodicum Leodâ—um is a City of Trade and as they say the Paradise of the Ecclesiasticks It is Remarkable that in the year 1131. there were among the Canons of the Cathedral Church nine Sons of Kings 14 Sons of Dukes 29 Sons of Earls and 7 Sons of Barons The Elector of Cologne Prince thereof caused a Cittadel to be Built there The Cathedal of Liege beareth the Name of St. Lambert who was Bishop of Maestrich murthered by Dodo c. about the year 622. The Cittadel standeth upon a Hill and is of great strength built to keep the City in subjection since the year 1649. Maestreich for its Fortifications and the famous Sieges which have been laid to it in that of 1673. the English signalized their Valour under the Conduct of the Duke of Monmouth The Treaty of Nâ—miguen restored it to the Dutch who now possess it The Quarry of Stone about a quarter of a mile from the Town is one of the noblest in the World far surpassing the Cave of Custoza or Cubola said to be 500 fathoms in breadth and 700 in length This is two miles in length under ground high and stately no Labyrinth can be contrived more intricate and yet all parts uniform The Spa is a neat Village in the Forest of Ardenna seated in a Bottom encompassed with Hills A place which for the vertue of its Miniral Springs is as famous as beneficial to Mankind Maestreich Trajectum ad Mosam is composed of two Towns Maestreich that formerly was said to belong to the Duke of Brabant and Wick that was an Appurtenance to the Bishop of Leige's Territories Cambreses now almost environed by the Territories of France The City of Cambray Cameracum by the Dutch Camarick has two good Cittadels the Guard whereof was seldom committed to any other than Natural Spaniards There is a Sun-Dial of singular Workmanship wrought by a Shepherd It is a Town which in times of Peace yearly exposed to Sale above 60000 Pieces of fine Cloth. It was taken by the French at the beginning of the Year 1677 though before the Kings of Spain uncontradicted by the Emperor did appropriate to themselves the Temporal Jurisdiction of Cambray as being of the same Nation and the Arch-Bishops thereof in vain sollicited for their re-establishment Those Prelates were called Arch-Bishops and Dukes of Cambray Earls of Cambresis and Princes of the Holy Empire though generally they neither had Seat or Voice in their Diets The Extent of these Provinces is but small but it is one of the best peopled and Richest spots of Ground in the World more wholsome than formerly towards Germany Hilly and Woody as we have
said but towards the Sea generally fertile and full of Pasturage The Principal Rivers of the 17 Provinces are the Rhine the Meuse and the Scheld The Rhine rises in Switzerland running chiefly through Germany After it has divided it self at Fort Schenk as it enters into the Low-Countries it mixes with several other Rivers and loseth its Name in the Sand a little below Leyden in Holland The Meuse which falls out of France and Lorrain has this Advantage above the Rhine that she retains her Name and preserves her Waters unmix'd till she fall into the Ocean where she makes several good Ports The Scheld was formerly the Limits between France and the Empire in the time of Charles the Bald. At Gaunt the Lis a Navigable River falls into it and before it wholly loseth its Name it divides it self into two principal Arms of which the Left which they call the Hout and the Right which flows to Tolen falls into the Meuse Besides these Rivers and those that fall into them there are Cuts Channels and Marshes which serve the Inhabitants both for Traffique and Defence Of France FRANCE FRance Anglis Francia Italis Hispanis Franckreich Germanis Alfrangua Turcis Gallia Caes Plin. c. The first Inhabitants of France were the Ancient Gauls who passing the Alps under the Conduct of Bellovesus Conquered the nearest parts of Italy called Gallia Cisalpina and under that of Segovesus over-ran the greatest part of Germany The same Nation under the Command of Brennus discomfited the Romans at the River Allia sacked the City and Besieged the Capitol These were the Men who ransacked Illyricum Pannonia Thrace and Greece and Plundered the Temple of Delphos But at last were totally subdued by Julius Caesar but not without much difficulty for they did not then sell their Liberty at so cheap a rate as other Nations did 1192000 of them being slain before they would submit to the Roman Yoak by whom the Country was divided into four parts viz. Narbonensis or Bracata containing Languedoc Dolphin and part of Savoy 2. Aquitanica from the City Aqua Augusta now D' Acque comprehending Gascoign Guienne Saintonge Limosin Querci Perigort Berry Bourbonnois and Aurergne 3. Celtica containing the Provinces of Bretagne Normandy Anjou Tourain Maine La Beause the Isle of France part of Champagne the Dukedom of Burgundy and the County of Lionoise 4. Belgica containing Picardy the remainder of Champagne Burgundy and the Spanish Netherlands Long it stood not in this state for about the year 400 Honorius being Emperour the Goths having over-run Spain and Italy sent part of their Forces and subdued Gallia Narbonensis calling it Langue de Goth afterwards corruptly Languedoc Then extending their Conquest unto the River Ligeris now Loire they founded a Kingdom the principal Seat whereof was at Tholouse About the same time the Burgundiones or Burgundians a people that Inhabited part of the Country of the Cassubii and part of the Country of the Marquisate of Brandenburg together with the Vandalls and Sueths seized upon other parts of France and constituted a Kingdom called Burgundy comprehending both the County and Dutchy of Burgundy the County of Lionoise Daulphine Savoy and Provence whose chief City was Arelate now Arles About the same time also the Franks a German Nation having passed the Rhine seized upon the adjacent Territories of France where founding a Monarchy under their first King Pharamond al. Waramond gave it the Name of France France lies excellently compact together between the most Flourishing States of Christendom and in the middle of the Northern Temperate Zone where the Inhabitants breathe a most serene and healthy Air. In short it is Rich Fertile and well Peopled there being reckoned in it about 4000 good Towns and Cities It s Length from Calais to Toulon is about 620 miles 73 to a degree the Breadth from Brest to the Borders of Lorrain or from Baione to Nice in Piedmont is not more than 492 miles I well know all other Authors falsely makes it much more Most of her Cities are equal to Provinces and most of her Provinces are equal to Kingdoms Her Corn her Wine her Salt her Linnen Cloth her Paper and several Manufactures inrich the Inhabitants The Limits and Bounds of this Kingdom have been various at present saith a French Geographer the Kings Conquests cannot be bounded dâ—dâ— not by the Rhine nor by the Ocean nor by the Pyreneans nor by the Alps. And those that are not altogether strangers to the world will acknowledg that of all the Kingdoms of Europe there are none but may be said to be inferior to France in some respect or other The greatness of its Territories the populousness of iâ— the number of their Nobility and Gentry their natural Courage with the advantage of their Military Actions and Warlike Exercises the Situation of their Country the fruitfulness and riches of the Soil the prodigious quantity of all Commodities and Manufactures and the great Revenues of their Kings These Advantages have in all Ages raised in them aspiring thoughts of the Erection of a new Western Empire And how far this present King has gone by his Acquisitions of late years the rest of the Princes of Europe may consider of The Kingdom is Hereditary and by an Ancient Constitution as they pretend called the Salique Law never falls into a Female Succession And by the Law of Apennages the younger Sons of the King cannot have partage with the Elder The King 's Eldest Son is called the Dauphin The Monarchy which has stood ever since the year 420 hath been upheld by the three Royal Races of Marovinian Carolinian and Capetine in a Line of 65 Kings Pepin the short Son of Charles Martel deposed Childerick the last of the Merovignian Line the Pope approving and confirming of it About the 918 Hugh Capet Earl of Paris outed the Caroline Family Since this Capetine Race has gone in three Families first in a direct Line till 1328. then in the House of Valois till Henry the Fourth of the House of Bourbon Anno 1589. Among other Titles the King hath that of Most Christian and Eldest Son of the Church bestowed upon him by the Pope The Arms have been Three Flower-de-luces Azure in a Field Or ever since Charles the Sixth The Christian Religion was here first planted by Martialis among the Gauls but among the French by Remigius in the time of Clovis the Great At present the people are divided some following the Roman others the Reformed Religion which have occasioned two several Massacres viz. that of Merindol and Chabrieres 1545. upon the Borders of France and Savoy the other that at Paris 1572. and now this late Persecution The Kingdom is composed of three Orders or Estates the Clergy the Nobility and Commons There are 16 Arch-Bishops 106 Bishops besides those of Arras Tournay and Perpignan 16 Abbats Heads of Orders or Congregations about 50000 Curateships besides many other Ecclesiastical Dignities Several general and particular Governments 12 Ancient
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
Oritani seated upon an high Mountain rather in New Castile than in Andaluzia near Vbeda St. Lucar at the mouth of the Guadalquiver is a Town of great Trade the West-India Gold and Silver Plate has sometimes stop'd at the Tower of the Port which is called the Golden Tower but generally that Fleet puts in at Cadiz or Port St. Maries which is near to it Xeres de la Fontera stands not far from that place where the Moors totally Defeated the Goths in the year 714 after which they harassed all Spain without controul and from hence come our Sherry-Sacks The Acta Regia of Strab. Plin. the Asta of Ptol. Ant. Medina Sidonia the Asindum of Ptol. Asido Caesariana of Plin. whose Duke was General of the Invincible Armado 1588. Tariffa was so called from Tariff General of the Moors in their first Spanish Invasion which Lodovicus Nonius thinks to have been the Famous Tartessus of Hâ—rod Strab. and other Authors rich in Gold and Silver and visited by the continual Fleets of the Tyrian Merchants and by the Phocensis in the Reign of Arganthonius a little before their Expugnation by Cyrus and by some thought to be the same with that Tharsis from whence Solomon's Ships did fetch his Gold for the Temple at Jerusalem Some makes this the same with the Carteia of Mela Ptol. Plin. Cartha of Ovid Cartaea of Steph. as Curio Mariana and Becan but Moralus will have Cartheja or Carteja to be Algezira whose position now is alike uncertain but both seems to me to be the Gibal Tariff of the Arab. or Gibralter Gibralter which now gives a Name to the Famous Streight which joyns the Ocean and the Mediterranean and parts Europe from Africa called by the Ancients Fretum Herculeum Gaditanum Tartessiacum now Estrecho de Gibralter Hispanis This Streight is in length 36 miles from Cape Trafalger to Gibralter in breadth at the Entrance 18 miles at the narrowest place about 7 English miles Pales is the Port from whence Columbus first Embarqued upon his Intentions of a New Discovery And Cadiz Cales Angl. Batavis Cadice Ital. Gades Caes Plin. Mela Gadira Ptol. Erythia Tartessos Strab. Continusa Dionys Is the Harbour of the Rich Plate-Fleets a Port so Important that Charles the Fifth Recommended the conservation thereof in a special manner to his Son Philip the Second Antiquity there shews us the Foot-steps of a Temple Dedicated to Hercules with two Columns either of Copper or Silver which the Natives aver to be the Pillars of that Hero as well as the two Mountains upon each side of the Streights of Gibralter they Report that in this Temple it was that Julius Caesar wept when he called to mind the Prodigious Conquests which Alexander the Great had gain'd at the Age of three and thirty Years the consideration whereof carried him to those High Enterprises as Scipio was incited by the Actions of Zenophon's Cyrus The Kingdom of Granada under the last Kings of the Moors who lost it in the Year 1491. was far more Rich and better Peopled than it is at this day It was also much more Fertile for the Moors had a thousand Inventions to water their Lands by means of Cuts and Trenches bringing the Water from great Reservatories which they made in the Mountains which are called Montes d'los Alpayaras olim Alpuxarras The Situation of this Kingdom and the Position of the Towns agrees with the Relation or Description which Julius Caesar has made The City which bears its Name Granatum al. Granado is the biggest in all Spain its Buildings are of Free-stone Fenced about with a strong Wall on which are 130 Turrets and it hath 12 Gates It is very pleasant Dwelling there by reason of the pureness of the Air and plenty of Fountains the Moors placing Paradise in that part of Heaven which is the particular Zenith of this place Malaga Malaca Ptol. Strab. Mel. Ant. a strong Town and Bishops See. Velez Malaga is the Sex of Ptol. Sexitanum Ant. Sexi Firmum Julium Plin. Is Famous for the Excellency of its Wines and Raisins Munda is Notable for Julius Caesar's Victory over Pompey's Sons For near unto this place in a Wood was fought that notable and last Battel between Caesar and Pompey's Sons the Honour of the day fell to Caesar though not without great loss In other Battels he used to say he fought for Honour in this for his Life which not long after he lost being murthered in the Senate-House Almeria is the Abdara Ptol. Abdera Mela founded by the Tyrians Strab. by the Carthaginians Plin. Antiquera is the Singilia Plin. Alhama the Artigis of Ptol. noted for its Medicinable Baths Gaudix is a Bishops See. Loxa enjoys a pleasant Situation Muxacra is thought to be the Murgis of Ptol. Plin. Huesca the Osca of Ptol. Vera the Vergao of Plin. Murcia is said to be the Garden of Spain by reason of the plenty of Excellent Fruits in those parts and so abounding in Silver Mines that the Romans kept 400 men at work The City also that bears its name the Menralia of Ptol. drives a great Trade in Silk Cartagena built by Asdrubal of Carthage Father of the Great Hannibal and taken in the second Punick War by Scipio Africanus twice sacked and razed by the Barbarous Goths and Vandals re-edified and fortified by Philip the Second King of Spain Is a good Sea-Port a safe and large Harbour Caravaca affords the wood for the Cross to which the Spaniards attribute a power to preserve men from Thunder Valencia is the most delightful Country of all Spain The City besides the name of the Province bears the name of Fair and Great Valencia An Arch-Bishops See the Valentia of Ptol. Plin. c. seated not far from the mouth of the River Durias by Mela Turium Plin. Turia Turias by others now Guadalaviar Clusio A University where studied St. Dominick the Father of the Dominicans Here were born under contrary Stars Ludovicus Vives and Pope Alexander the VI. Cullera a Sea-Town at the mouth of the River Xucar formerly Sacron after the name of the River and is famous in Plutarch for the Victory of Sertorius against Pompey Denia Dianicum of Ptol. Strab. Plin. and Solin gives Title to the Marquess of Denia since Created Duke of Lerma Alicant is known by the good Wines which are Transported from thence Upon the Sea-shore at a place called Morvedra are to be seen the Ruins of the Antient Saguntum of Polyh the destruction whereof by Hannibal occasioned the second Punick War. A Town so faithful to the Romans that the Inhabitants chose rather to burn themselves than yield to Hannibal Founded by the Zachynthians Here is also the Promontory Ferraria of Mela. Artemisum Strab. Dianium Cic. Plin. Ptol. Puncia del Emperador or Attemuz teste Beuth. now Cabo Martin the refuge of Sertorius in his Wars against Metellus and Pompey Laurigi teste J. Mariana is the Lauro or Lauron of Plutarch the
Laurona of Floro which Sertorius besieged and burnt when Pompey with his whole Army stood nigh and yet durst not succour it Xelua is by Florian. the Incibilis or Indibilis of Livi where Hanno was overcome by Scipio but Baud. saith Incibilis is now Trayguera 20 Spanish Leagues distant from Xelua or Chelua Gandia gives title to the Dukes of the House of Borgia Segorbe or Segorve is the Segobrega of Strab. and Plin. testae Vasae Clus and Tarap but the confusion of Authors makes me uncertain what it now is The Islands of Majorque and Menorque are the antient Baleares the Inhabitants whereof were exquisite Slingers and great Pyrates they accustom their Children to hit down their Breakfast with a Sling or else to go without it and yet as nimble as they were they were constrain'd to beg aid of Augustus against the Rabbets that destroyed their Lands The Books of knowledg writ by Raymund Lulâ—y are very much studi'd at Majorque The Soil of Yvica has a peculiar quality to destroy the Serpents that are bred in the Island Tormentera Arragon is overrun with the Branches of the Pyrenean and Idubeda Mountains and is in most parts dry and scanty of water yet the River Iberus runs through the middle of it It s chief places are Saragoca Caes Augusta of Ptol. Strab. Plin. Ant. c. a Colony and Municipium of the Romans before called Salduba Under the Moors it was the Head of a particular Kingdom recovered in the year 1118. by the Christians and made the Residence of the Kings of Arragon an Arch-Bishops See and University and Seat of the Inquisition and Vice-Roy for the Province Taracona or Tarazona the Turiaso Ptol. Turiasso Plin. is a Bishops See. Calatajut upon the River Xalo founded by Ajub a Sarazen Prince half a mile from which was the ancient Bilbis of Ptol. and Bilbilis of Strab. the Country of the Poet Martial Fraga upon the River Senga Gallica Flava Ptol. Gallicum of Ant. Balbastro is the Burtina of Ptol. Bortina of Ant. Huesca the Osca of Strab. Ptol. Ant. was the place where Sertorius in Plutarch kept the Children of the Spanish Nobility as Hostages for their Fathers fidelity but the Fathers revolting the Children were cruelly murthered Jacca amongst the Mountains was the first Seat of the Kings of Arragon Ainsa and Benhuari have been the Capitals of two little Kingdoms Sobrarbia and Ribagorca or Riba Curtia Monzon is a place where formerly the States of Arragon were wont to Assemble Navarr was the second Kingdom for Antiquity in Spain but surprised and taken by Ferdinand the Catholick Anno 1512. without one blow given The King and Queen of Navarr being at that time both French Subjects the Country is plain yet on all sides environed with mighty Mountains well watered with Rivers and fruitful Chiefer Towns are Pampelona Pompelon of Ptol. Strab. Ant. first founded by Pompey the Great after the Wars ended with Sertorius a Bishops See and Seat of the Vice-Roys seated in a Plain upon the River Arga. At the Siege of which Ignatius Loiola a Cantabrian defending it against the French was almost killed by a wound of his Leg which occasion'd a New Order to the Church viz. the Society of the Jesuits vide Monferrat in Catalonia 2. Viana the Title of the Navarren Prince Nigh this place Caesar Borgia Son to Pope Alexander the Sixth was slain by an Ambush Teste Guicciardine 3. Victoria is the chief of the little Country called Olava or Olaba between Navarr and Biscay first built or rather reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Villica of Ptol. Anno 1180. by Sanctius King of Navarr This Country is divided into six Merindida's or Governments one of which lying on the other side of the Pyreneans is called Low Navarr and is in the hands of the French King. The Kingdom of Castilia was at first named Bardulia and was the most prevailing Kingdom of all Spain either by Conquest or Intermarriages divided into Castillia la Veia or old Castille and Castillia la Nueva or New Castile Chiefer places in Old Castile are Burgos Bravum Masburgi Ptol. teste Tarapha Burgi once the Royal Seats of the Kings of Castile now an Arch-Bishop See. Avila the Abala of Ptol. of which Tostatus Sirnamed Abulensis was Bishop who is said to have writ as many sheets as he lived days Soria is the place where the great Standard of the Kingdom is kept not far from which towards the Springs of the Douro stood sometimes that famous Numantia in which 4000 Soldiers withstood 40000 Romans for 14 years and at last gathering all their Money Goods Armour c. together laid them on a Pile which being fired they all voluntarily buried themselves in the flame leaving Scipio nothing but the name of Numantia to adorn his Triumph Segovia is the Segubia of Ptol. Segobia Plin. Ant. a Bishops See near which yet standeth an ancient Aquaeduct of the Romans Calahora upon the Ebro was the Calagorina of Ptol. Calaguris of Str. and Calagurris of Ant. a Town of the Vascones and of the Orator Quintilian Logronnio upon the said River was the Juliobriga of Ptol. and Juliobrica of Plin. New Castile is a Country for the most part Champian and plain affording sufficient plenty of Corn Fruits and other necessary provision Chiefer Towns are 1. Madrid the Mantua of Ptol. Madritum al. the Seat of the Kings of Spain and now one of the most fair and populous places of the Kingdom well built with good Brick-Houses many having Glass-Windows which is very rare in all Spain the most considerable Buildings are the Piazza the Prison the Kings Chappel and Palace the Palaces of the Duke of Alva of Medina de los Torres c. The English Colledg of Theatines Il Retiro c. Out of Town St. Perdo and the Escurial or the Magnificent Monastry of St. Laurence which is about seven or eight Leagues from Madrid amongst the Spaniards passeth for the Eighth Wonder of the World and is said to have cost King Philip the Second above twenty Millions of Gold no great Sum for a Prince who is said to have expended 700 Millions of Gold during his Reign 2. Toledo the Tâ—lâ—tum of Plin. and Ant. then the chief City of the Carpetani mounted upon a steep and uneven Rock upon the right shore of the River Taio with whose circling streams it is almost encompassed By the Goths it was made the Chamber and Royal Seat of their Kings Under the Moors it became a petty Kingdom and their strongest hold in those parts after five years Siege in the year 1085. recovered by Alphonsus the Sixth King of Castile and Leon. Now an University and Arch-Bishops See the richest in Europe whose Bishop is Primate and Chancellor of Spain Alcala de Henares is the Complutum of Ptol. and Ant. an University founded by F. Ximenes Cardinal and Arch-Bishop of Toledo Calatrava upon the River Gaudiana abandoned by the Templers and
Monaco Incolis Mourgues Gallis Hercules Monoeci Portus of old is a small but a strong Town seated upon a Rock under its own Prince Gente Grimaldi An. 1641. It received the French Protection Finale is the Polliopice of Ant. teste Siml Oneglia is a Principality under the Duke of Savoy teste Baud. Savona Savo Liv. famous for the Interview of Ferdinand of Spain and Lewis the 12th of France as also for yeilding three Popes to the Church of Rome Vintimiglia Abiniminium Ptol. Albintimilium Tac. Albintemelium Cic. Vintimilium Var. and Albenga Albingaunum Plin. Albigaunum Ptol. both well fortified As for their Government the principal of their Magistrates hath the Name of Duke to whom there are assistant 8 Principal Officers which with the Duke are called the Signeury which is also in matters of greatest concern subordinate to the General Council consisting of 400 Persons all Gentlemen of the City who with the Signeury constitute the whole Body of the Commonwealth Their Forces have been 10000 ready to Arm at any time and 25 Gallies always ready in the publick Arsenal 4 Gallies at Sea to secure their Trade They are now under the Shelter and Protection of the Spaniards Of the Dutchy of Milan Ducatus Mediolanensis Stato de Milano WHose Ancient Inhabitants were the Insubres but is now under the Obedience of the King of Spain seated in the best part of Lombardy rich in Natures gifts and for its wonderful Fertility esteemed the Flower in the Garden of Italy and the Noblest Dutchy in Christendom the ways are there very pleasant set out almost as strait as a Line with channels of running Water and rows of Trees on both sides the most desirable Place to live in that can be seen if the Government were not so excessive severe that there is nothing but Poverty over all this rich Country It s chief City is Milan Mediolanum Strab. Plin. Milatio Ital. Mâ—yland Germ. which tho so often ruined and its Foundations sown with Salt having been Besieged 40 and taken 22 times yet it exalts it self as the fairest and greatest City of all Lombardy seated in a wide Plain environed with several Rivers strongly guarded with a spacious and almost impregnable Castle besides its other Fortifications the Buildings fair and stately three especially very Magnificent its Castle or Cittadel Hospital or Lazarette its Cathedral or Dome here are 36 Monasteries of Nuns 30 Convents of Friers 96 Parochial 11 Collegiat Churches most of which are stately Structures beautified with curious Paintings Images and Sepulchres In the Cabinet of the Chanoine Setalla are â—are Curiosities both of Art and Nature The whole City is about 10 Miles in compass exceeding Populous containing 300000 Inhabitants very Rich having many Families of Nobility and Gentry of great Commerce by reason of its Merchants Shopkeepers and Artificers and a general Staple for all Merchandizes from France Spain and other Parts of Italy and Germany Other Places in Milan are 1 Pavia Papia seu Ticinum made an University by Charles the 4th guarded with a Castle and adorned with the richest Cathedral in Europe worth 300000 Crowns per Annum famous for the Battel in which Francis the first King of France was taken Prisoner by Charles the 5th 2. Alexandria or Alessandria now the strongest Work of the whole Dutchy well fortified against the Assaults and Batteries of the French. 3. Cremena seated on the Banks of the Poe a Place of good Trade its Houses stately its Streets large beautified with curious Gardens famous for its high Tower and Cathedral Church Here Vitellius Soldiers were defeated by the Forces of Vespasian and the Town fired by them Lodi is the Laus Pompeja of the Ancients a Frontier Town but a miserable Garison 20 Miles from Milan in the Venetian Territory Tortona is the Dertona Ptol. Plin. Derton Steph. Derthon or Darthon Strab. taken by the French 1642. after delivered to the Spaniards Novara Crema Mortara are also considerable Her Lakes are Lago Magiore Varbanus Lacus of Strab. in length 300 Stadia 56 Miles and 6 broad with her two Borremean Islands the loveliest Spots of Ground in the World. 2. Lago Del Coma. 3. Lugani Lacus or Lago di Lugano Its Rivers are Ollius now Oglio River Abdua now Adde River Lambrus fl hodie Lambro River Ticinus fl now Tesine River which runs with such a force that in 3 hours with one Rower Dr. Burnet was carried 30 Miles Sencia fl or Scesia River 4. Coma or Comum where the Plinies were born on the South of the Lago de Coma aforesaid a Lake 48 Miles in length Laricus Lacus Strab. Plin. Of Modena THE Dukedom of Modena Ducatus Mutinensis Stato del Duca di Modena contains the Cities of Modena and Reggio with the Territories adjoining to them Modena the Capital City anciently better known by the name of Mutina famous for the first Battel between Antony and Augustus Caesar Now the Residence of their Duke whose Palace tho not outwardly Great yet is richly adorned within whose Cabinet or Museum is well furnished with choice of natural Rarities Jewels c. Brissello Brixellum Plin. Ptol. famous for the Death of Otho the Roman Emperor who here Slew himself because his Army was unfortunately Vanquished by Vitellius Reggio Regium Lepedi a Place that has occasioned great Stirs between the Popes and the old Dukes of Ferrara Here are many Sculptors both for Ivory and Wood. Of Parma THe Dukedom of Parma Ducatus Parmensis or il Ducato di Parma is much of the same Nature for Soyl and Air as Modena It s chief City Parma is seated in a Fruitful Plain 5 Miles distant from the Appennine about 4 Miles in compass adorned with many rich and stately Structures very Populous and well inhabited by Gentry who are much addicted to Learning Arts and Arms the grounds about this City are of excellent Pastorage which feed abundance of Sheep Here is made the curious Parmasan Cheese so much esteemed throughout all Europe The Duke hath here his Palace a place of great Delight and State its Churches are beautiful and rarely Embellished with Pictures and Images 2. Piacenza or Placentia famous for the Resistance which it made both to Hannibal and Asdrubal now renowned for its Fairs quarterly kept which all Italy Germany and other Countries do frequent and here make their Exchanges The River Trebia was witness to the overthrow or the Romans by Hannibal Of the Dutchy of Mantua THe Dukedom of Mantua Ducatus Mantuanus Ducato di Mantoua Italis is a Country plentiful in Corn Pasture Wines and all sort of Fruit Mantoua the chief City is seated in a Lake 20 Miles in compass by Nature very strong and well fortified having no entrance but over Cawsies The Dukes Palace is fair and stately and the best furnished in all Italy except his Palace at Mirmirolla 5 Miles from the City which for the Pleasures and Delights thereof and for its rich Furniture and beautiful Gardens may acceptably
entertain the best Prince in Christendom Mantoua is of great Antiquity Schottus saith 't is 4 Miles in compass hath 8 Gates and about 50000 Souls It was miserably attacked by the Germans 1619. and by the Emperor Ferdinand 2d's Army in the year 1630. The Dukes yearly Revenue is said to be 400000 Crowns yet the present Duke is very poor being indebted to the Venetians as Leti saith four Millions of Crowns There are besides four or five small Princes but Soveraign Lords viz. Novellara Guastella Bozolo Sabionetta whose male-line is failed Castiglione and Solfare As also of the Estate of the Dutchy of Montferrat which doth in part belong to the Duke of Mantua the other part to the Duke of Savoy as aforesaid Of the States of Venice THE Demeasnes of the Venetians are very full of Rivers Lakes and Channels 't is a Republique of above 1200 years standing and the Bulwark of Christendom against the Turks The chief City is Venice or Venetia Seated at the bottom of the Adriatick Sea or Gulf of Venice built on 72 Islands distant from the main Land about five miles and defended from the fury of the Sea by a Bank of some say 60 others 35 miles in length open in seven places which serve for passages for Boats or Gondola's of which there are 1300 but for Ships or Vessels of great burden the only passage is at Malamocco and Castle Lido which are strongly fortified it is about eight miles in compass having about 4000 Bridges of which that of the Rialto is the chief built over the Grand Canal The Lagunes or Shallows of Venice sink of late so much that the preserving it still an Island is like to become as great a charge to the Venetians as the keeping out of the Sea is to the Dutch. It s Arsenal is the most beautiful the biggest and the best furnished in all Europe being about two miles in Circuit where they always keep 200 Gallies with all Materials for War. It s Magazine of all sorts of Engines and Arms for Sea and Land among which are 1000 Coats of Plates garnished with Gold and covered with Velvet But above all its Church of St. Mark Reported to be the fairest and richest in all the World a Church of Admirable Mosaick Work with Pillars of Marble Porphyry c. and for the inside the Riches of it are so great the Images Tombs c. so glorious the Altars so adorned with Gold Silver Pearls and Precious Stones that all the Treasury of the State may seem to be amassed in the Decking of it In this City are 200 particular Palaces built of Marble adorned with Columns Statues Pictures c. of great Value of such Grandeur as that they are fit to Lodg and give Entertainment to any Prince 17 Rich Hospitals 56 Tribunals or Courts of Justice 67 Parish-Churches 26 Monasteries of Nuns 54 Convents of Friers 18 Chappels 6 Free Schools and its Piazza's sumptuously adorned with Statues Paintings c. As for the Religion of this State though they Tolerate that of the Greek Church they profess that of the Church of Rome but with Caution and Respect to their own Authority Of their Forces some estimate may be made by the Arms they brought against Lewis the XII where they had 2000 Men of Arms 3000 Light Horse and 30000 Foot most of their own Subjects without any Detachments from their Forts or Garisons And a signal Evidence of their Power at Sea was their great Fleet set out against the Grand Signior for the War of Cyprus Anno 1570. in which they Manned out one great Gallion 11 great Gallies 25 tall Ships and 150 Gallies of lesser size To sum up all they once held a War for seven years together against all the Princes of Europe except England in all which time they neither wanted Men nor Money We may conclude therefore That as Europe is the Head of the World and Italy the Face of Europe so Venice is the Eye of Italy the fairest strongest and most Active part in that Powerful Body The Annual Revenues of this Republick according to Mr. Rays information was about five Millions and 300 and 20000 Venetian Duckets yearly Other Cities with their Territories belonging to the State of Venice are the pleasant Vicenza or Vicentia the Healthy Populous and Fruitful Brescia Brixia The strong Fortresses Crema six miles of which is the famous Cave of Custoza 4000 Foot long and 3000 broad and three miles in Circuit with its stately Temple Sancta Maria della Cruce and Bergamo The pleasant Physick-University Padoua Padua the Patavium of the Ancients built by Antenor and is famous for the Birth of Livy Zabarel and Maginus noted for the Civility of the Men and Chastity of the Women with its Garden of Simples Tarvisium Trevigi with its excellent Wheat Verona with its Hill Baldus Famous for Medicinal Herbs The Territory of Friuli where is the well fortified Palma Feltre and Belluno The Territory of Istria Istrie Gall. Hystereich Germ. where is Triest or Tergestum Petana now Pedena belonging to the Emperor Citta Nova or Aemonia Parenzo Parentum and Pola Rovigo once belonging to the Dukedom of Ferrara with Chioggia the Bulwark of Venice Besides all these the State of Venice commands a great part of Dalmatia with the Islands Corfu Cephalonia Ithaca Zant Cithera and others The Isle of St. Maure and the strong Prevesa were in the year 1685. conquered from the Turks The Bishoprick of Trent which belongs to its proper Bishop is in the Protection of the House of Austria It s chief City of the same Name is Inhabited by Italians and Germans and is Famous for the Council held there But of this we have Treated of more at large in the Description of Tirol in Germany Of the Estates of the Church or Pope THE Second part of Italy according to our Method contains the Estates of the Church of Tuscany and Lucca The Territories of the Church are the more considerable because the Pope to whom they belong is a Spiritual as well as a Temporal Prince Chief and Sovereign Pontifex as he styles himself of all Christendom Patriarch of Rome and of the West Primate and Hexarch of Italy Metropolitan of the Suffragan-Bishops of Rome and Bishop of St. John Lateran The chief City is Rome formerly the Capital City of the most considerable Empire in the World Mistress of the fairest part of the Universe Famous for her great Men that excelled in Valour Justice and Temperance The Seat of Kings Consuls and Emperors said to have been 50 miles in compass and her Walls Fortified with 750 Towers But now not having the Moiety of its former pristine splendor and Magnitude scarce containing 11 miles in circuit yet few Cities can compare with her if we consider her Antiquity her Churches her Palaces and other Curiosities Here was the Capitol saved from the Fury of the Gauls by the Cackling of Geese It was twice burnt once in the Civil Wars of Marius
without stout Men good Horses Wines and Convenient Rivers Once well stored with Mines of Gold and Silver but those now decayed or lost and the People gross and Rude addicted to Wine and false in their Promises It s chief places are Belgrade once the Bulwark of Christendom bravely resisting the Power of Amurath the Second and Mahomet the Great repulsed by the Valour of Hunniades at which time Mahomet himself was wounded in the Breast lost his Ordnance and 200 of his Ships destroyed by a Fleet which came from Buda but taken by Solyman 1520. Seated she is upon the confluence of the Danube and the Savus having the great Rivers Tibiscus the Dravus and Morava running into the Danube not far from it as brave a Situation for Trade as any Inland place in Europe It is now adorned with two large Bezesteâ—ns or places where the Richest Commodities are Sold with a Noble Caravansara and Moschea with a Metreseck or Colledg for Students Zenderin Singâ—dunum Ant. Semendera Lat. Simedro Graec. taken by Amurath the Second 1438. Soph. Scupi Ptol. by the Turks called Vrchupia a City of great Trade Seated in the Reinotest part of Servia or Moesia Superior or rather on the Confines of Macedonia It is a fair and large Town having a great Number of Moscheas once a Bishop's after an Arch-Bishop's See now noted for a great many Tanners that make Excellent Leather Great Actions have been hereabouts performed in the times of the Romans especially by Regillianus Hereabouts also stood Paroecopolis and Vlpianum of old Jagodna is pleasantly seated in a fair Country half way from Vienna to Constantinople Halli Jahisar is a considerable place where there is a Church with two fair Towers Lescoa or Lescovia seated upon the remarkable River Lyperitza the Maeaneder of Moesia The Hills between Servia and Mercedonia are a part of Mount Haemus of which the M. Clissura one of the Spurs or Excursions shines like Silver consisting of Muscovia Glass Vrania is a strong Pass which the Castle commandeth and locks up the passage into Macedâ—â—ia The chief Rivers of Servia are 1. Morava Moschius of old is divided into two Streams the one named Morava di Bulgaria the other Morava di Serâ—i which uniting run into the Danaube at Zenderin so that by this River the Commodities of Servia and Bulgaria are carried into the Danube and so dispersed in Hungaria Austria c. Not far from which was that great Slaughter of the Turks by Hunniades who with 10000 Horse set upon the Turkish Camp by Moon-light slew 30000 and took 4000 Prisoners and Remarkable Lyperitza the Maeander of Maesia which Dr. Brown saith that in less than twelve hours they passed it 90 times Of Bulgaria BVLGARIA is a Country generally full of Woods and Desarts the most unpleasant and unpeopled of all the Dacian Provinces but the lower parts not without some Plains and Valleys The Inhabitants of a Natural fierceness yet patient of Toyl and Labour It s chief places are Sophia Procop. Sofia Italis Sophie Gallis the Tibisca of Ptol. teste Nig. Mol. the Seat of a Beglerbeg under whom are 21 Sangiats Seated in a long and fruitful Valley three miles distant from a high Mountain covered with Snow all the year It is Beautified with many fair Hanes and Baths a stately Colledg and fair Mosques Axiopolis Galacz teste Laz. Flotz Merc. Colanamik Baud. on the Banks of the Danaw which from this Town begins to take the Name of Ister Mesembria Situate on the Euxine Mercianopolis much mentioned in the Stories of the Goths for the Fights and Battels they had there with the Emperor Claudius Nicopolis by the Turks Sciltaro teste Leunc Nigeboli memorable for the Founder of it the Emperor Trajan more for the many great Battels fought near unto it whereof one was by Sigismund the Emperor and King of Hungary who with an Army of 130000 Christians Besieged it and Bajazet came to the Relief of it got the Victory with the loss of above sixty thousand Turks killed 20000 Christians and most of the rest took Prisoners The Second between Michael Vaivod of Valachia and Mahomet the Third over whom Michael got a Remarkable Victory Varna the Dionysiopolis of the Ancients on the Euxine Sea Remarkable for the first flight of Hunniades and the Death of Vladislaus King of Hungary 1444. Silistria the Ordinary Abode of a Turkish Bassa Ternova the usual Residence of the Princes of Bulgaria Budina once of great Importance but burnt to the Ground by Hunniades not far from the Old City Oescus Triballorum Acridus the Birth-place of Justinian by the Turks called Giustandil Tomi or Tomos to which Ovid was Banished some say 't is at this day called Tomiswar others would have it to be Kiovia Dinogetia Ptol. Dinâ—gutia Diniguttia Ant. Denigu ex Tab. recens Drimago Nigro Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. Kilia Laz. vulgo Bialogrod Calliacra Laonico Pandalla Nig. Istropolis Plin. Ptol. Istros Strab. Istria Arriano Stravico Castal Grossea Nig. Prostaviza Baud. much subject to the irruptions of the Dobrusian Tartars Of Greece GRECIA Novae Descriptio Per Robt. Morden London GREECE once the most Celebrated part of the World in the present Latitude and Extent thereof hath for its Eastern Bounds the Aegean Sea the Hellespont Propontis and the Thracian Bosphorus For its Southern the Cretian and the Ionian Sea on the West the Adriatick Sea and on the North only United to the rest of Europe by the Mountain Haemus Confined at first to Attica and the parts adjoyning only then called Hellas from King Hellen the Son of Ducalion the Inhabitants Hellenes in Sacred Writ and Greece from King Graecus the Son of Cecrops the first King of Athens communicated afterwards to Thessaly to Peloponnesus then to Epirus and lastly to the Macedonian Empire The first Inhabitants of Greece did live each under their proper Magistrates in several Cities until Philip King of Macedonia clearing his own Country of the Iberians Subdued Achaia Thracia and a great part of Peloponnesus And succeeded by Alexander his Son who retained his Father's Conquests and Vanquishing Darius the great King of Persia and other Kings of India Founded the Grecian Monarchy but in the height of his Successes died being Poysoned at Babylon Afterwards the Romans became Masters of it and after that the Goths and Huns did rather Harrass than Inhabit Lastly the Saracens now the Turks and the Victorious Venetian share it under their Obedience Hence it is that Greece hath lost its former Division of Countries and their Names and received new that which was particularly called Greece is now called Livadia Peloponnesus Morca Thessaly Janna Epirus Canina Macedonia is divided into four parts that next Janna is called Camenolitari that which Borders upon Dalmatia is called Albania that next to Thrace is named Jamboly and the midst of the Country retains its Old Name Macedonia Lastly Thracia is now called Romania The Grecians once a
Badia teste Zardo now Livadio or Libadia Wheeler and gives name to all Achaia The Christians have here four Churches and the Turks five Moschs Their Trade is in Woollen Stuffs and Rice and near it is the Trophonian Cave and Grove where was an Oracle given by Jupiter 4. Ascraea the Birth-place of Hesiod 5. Chaerona that of Plutarch 6. Granitza a Bishoprick 7. Coronaea the same or near to Dymnia i. e. two Months because Corn is sowed ripe and reaped in that time teste Wheeler Here were the Coronaei Agri where the Games Pambriotia were Celebrated 8. Alalcomene probably now St. Georgio where is a Convent and two Churches 9. Thespia now Neocorio hence Musae Thespiades 10. Platea now said to be called Cocla in whose Plain was Mardonius slain and 160000 Persians and of the Grecians but 699. 11. Leuctra betwixt Thespia and Platea now Parapagia in whose Plains the Thebans overthrew the Spartans some of whom had ravished Scedasus Daughters 12. Thisbae now Rimo Castri it hath now about 100 Cottages of Greeks and Albaneses 13. Tanagra of old Graea Paemandria now Scamino its Ruins are large it hath about 200 Houses and many Greek Churches 't is situate near Mount Cerycius on the River Asopus that divides Attica and Baeotia over against Oropus It s chief Lakes are 1. The Lake of Livadia formerly called Copais Cephisis about forty miles in compass The Streams and Torrents that fall into it would drown all Baeotia but for the Subterraneous Channels the Wonders of Art and Nature that suck in the water and convey it into the Aegean Sea These Subterraneous Catabathra are about fifty in all 2. The Helica Palus now Lake Thives It s chief Rivers are Asopus now Scamino and Cephissus River It s chief Mountains were 1. Helicon a Poetis decantatissimus Musis Sacer by the Inhabitants called Eialia now Zagara Wheel 2. Cithaeron Mons Musis Sacer now Elatea Mons teste Wheel Chief Places in Aetolia are Lepanto Naupactus Ptol. Neopactus Cic. Naupactum Plin. Lepanti Gallis Epactos Graecis Einebachri Turcis teste Leonc An Archiepiscopal City now built from the Sea-shore to the top of a high Conical Mountain having four Ranges of Walls before the Castle which is seated on the top of the Mountain It s Harbour is narrow at its Entrance and shallow where 't is said the famous Cosair Durack Bey Basha of Candia resided In the year 1408. it was subject to the Emperour of Constantinople but the Emperor Emanuel gave it to the Venetians who so fortified it that in the year 1475. it destroyed 30000 Turks and the Army forced to raise the Siege but Bajazet the Second with an Army of 150000 attacked it by Sea and Land and brought it to a most deplorable estate and took it from them 1499. But in the year 1687. it was retaken by Generalissimo Morosini The Trade is Leather Oyl Tobacco Rice Barly Wheat Furs c. Near this Town was that famous Sea-fight betwixt the Venetians and the Turks where 29000 Turks were killed 4000 taken Prisoners with 140 Gallies and 1200 Christian Captives redeemed 1571. At the Entrance of this Gulf of Lepanto by the Ancients Sinus Crisaeus Sinus Corinthiacus Mare Alcyonum said to be 100 miles in length are two Castles called also the Dardanelles of Lepanto not far from the Promontaries Rhium Antirrhium Capo S. Andrea Baud. rather C. Antirio Other places in Aetolia are Calydon with its Forest where Meliagar slew the wild Boar now Aiton teste Cyriaco rather Gallata Wheel Here the River Evenus over which the Centaur Nessus carried Hercules Wife Dejaneira to have ravished her Also the River Achelous much Fabled by the Poets The Aetolians were a turbulent and unruly people Chief places in Locris are Amphissa Lambina teste Nigro Anfisa Baud. Salona Wheel once the chief place of the Locrii Ozelorum seated now on a Rock under a Mountain that joyns Mount Corax and Parnassus Musis Sacer apud Poetas Parnaso Liacura teste Soph. Licoura Wheel The Turks have here seven Moschs and the Greeks six Churches whole Bishop is under the Arch-Bishop of Athens They Trade with Tobacco and Cottons Turcochoreo thought to be the ancient Lilaea is seated near the River Cephisus in the middle of a Plain between Mount Oeta and the Thermopylae famous for King Leonidas defence said to be a Town of the Locii Epicnemides so called from the Mount and Town Cnemides Thalanda on the South-side of the River Platanius a Bishoprick and large Town by the Ruins of Churches and Towers a mile out of Town it seems to be the City Opus hence Locrii Opuntii Sinus Opuntius Drepanum Molycrium Strab. Ptol. Trapani Nigro now Capo di Pratras Chief Places in Phocis are Delphos or Delphi Salona Nigro Castri Soph. Wheel once famous for the Oracle of Apollo who delivered his sayings in Amphiboli's and dark Sentences whereby he deceived his Devotee's as Crassus and Pyrrhus seated it was on the middle of the South-side of the Mount Parnassus where Ducalion and Pyrrha swed themselves 2. Daulis now Dalia noted for King Tereus who ravished Philomela 3. Cirrha Plin. Liv. Cyrrha Ptol. Aspropiti Zardo Nardo now Tramochi Wheeler 4. Anticyrrha Ptol. Anticyra Paus famous of old for its Helebore now in Ruins near to the Asprospiti Sinus 5. Pythia the Navil of the World remarkable for the Assembly of the Amphictymes that condemned the Phocians for Sacriledg Chief Places in Megaris are Megara seated in a Valley towards the Gulph of Engia once comprehending two Rocks now but one having three or four Cottages of Greeks much infested with Pyrates famous once for the Secta Megarica of Euelid and for the Fable of King Nyssa's Purple Hair. 2. Towards the Harbour Minoa is the ruined Fortress Nicaea and the Dodeca Ecclesia West are the Scironides Rupes now Kakiscalia or Bad Bay and the ancient Cromium the Bounds between Attica and Peloponnesus Peloponnesus now Morâ—a is the most Famous Peninsula in the World Bounded with the Sea only where it joyneth to Greece by an Istmus of six miles in breadth very Momorable for the Fruitless Design of divers Kings and Emperors to cut it through and to make a perfect Island of it and for the Isthmian Games instituted by Theseus and for the Wall or Hexameli built by the Emperor Emanuel 1413. demolished by Amurath the Second 1424 1463. rebuilt by the Venetians in 15 days with 136 Towers A Country it was once abounding with all things as well for the Delicacy and Contentment as Necessary for the Life of Man and for the bigness of it none in the World hath suffered in the Ruin of so many brave and stately Cities yet the best Inhabited of all Greece being well Seated with Ports and Havens on all sides of it This pleasant part of Greece has not always had the name of Morea as 't is now called Strabo saith that it was once called Argo or Argos from
Glory of Argia this is now the chief the Anaphia of Herod Xenoph. Strab. Nauplia Ptol. Napli Soph. built by Nauplius King of Eubaea the Son of Neptune and Amimone and Father to Palamedes About two miles in Compass almost surrounded by the Sea and defended by a Castle as the Harbour is by a Fort built upon a Rock about 300 foot into the Sea so that both Nature and Art have conspired to render it strong now an Arch-Bishoprick and the Residence of the Governour of the Province Containing 6000 Greeks besides a great number of other Inhabitants first taken 1205. by the Venetians joyned with the French taken soon after by King Giovanissa who left terrible marks of his rage and fury by putting the whole Garison to the Sword and sacking the Town Assaulted it was by Mahomet the Second with a powerful Army but in vain so Solyman also had no more fortunate success but by agreement obtain'd it from the Republick These two last places are all that the Turk now have in the Morea so that the Venetians are now Masters of all that Country Argos of this Name are three Cities in Greece viz. 1. Argos Amphilochium in Epirus now Anfilocha 2. Argos Pelasgicum in Thessalia now Armiro 3. Argos Peloponnesiacum once Phoronia Jassia Hyppobole Diposa or Dipsion Seated on the River Inachus now Planizza Soph. not far from the Ruins of the Ancient Mycenia Founded by Inachus in the year of the World 2197. and continued for 546 years under Kings then a Commonwealth now only retains the Name of its passed Glory though seated in a delightful Plain about 24 miles from the Sea abounding with Wine and Oyl and all sorts of Grain and defended with a Castle seated on a Hill. Here King Pyrrhus was killed with a Tile from the hands of an Old Woman Trapolizza Megalopolis Polyb. Strab. Christianopolis dicta teste Baud. Leondari or Leontari Soph. by the Turks called Mora Orta the Center of the Morea the chief place in the once famous Arcadia the Birth-place of Polybius the Historian Corinth the Corinthus of Strab. and Polyb. Ephyro Lauremb by the Inhabitants Coranto and by the Turks Gerame In the Lat. of 38 degr 14. had its foundation from Aletes who lived in the time of Cecrops 3066. So advantageously seated in the midst of the Isthmus that some have called it the Eye of Greece others the Bulwark of the Peloponnesus and the splendor of Greece This City formerly so rich and Magnificent is now nothing more than a wretched Remnant of Wars and of Time and hath preserved nothing more of its pristine Grandure than its own Ruins The famous Fortress of the Acrocorinthus the Guard of Corinth must not be passed by without a particular Remembrance Built upon the point of a high Rock and strengthened with a stout Wall very strong both by Art and Nature yet after the taking of Lepanto the Serasquier being terrified by the Venetian Forces had set fire to it and left it where the Venetians found 45 Brass and 4 Iron Guns 1687. Thus have I as briefly as possible given an Account of the chief Cities now extant in the Morea the Stage and Theater of Action in the late Wars The chief Mountains in this Peninsula are the Foloe or Phole Mountain near which was seated the City of Olympia famed by the Poets for the Country of the Centaurs slain by Hercules after his being Victorious over the Nemaean Lion the Lernan Hydra and the Erymanthan Boar. Cyllene Mons at the top whereof are yet to be seen the Remains of the Temple of Mercury Lyceus Mons memorable for the Sacrifice of the Tyrant Aristarchus made to the publick Rage of the Lacedemonians Menalus Mons for its shady Groves and refreshing Air Dedicated to Pan. Mons Sepia for the Death of Epites stung by a Serpent Montes Poylizi for Diana's Temple called also Stymphalides Mons Mintia or Mitena which gives a Prospect to the Gulph of Coron where the proud Fanes of Pluto and Proserpina once stood At the foot of Mount Nonacres at the foot whereof roul the fatal waves of Styx Lastly the Taygeta Sacred to Bacchus Ceres Apollo and Diana Chief Rivers are Alpheus Ptol. c. Carbon or Darbon vulgo Orfea Soph. much famed by the Poets who tell us also of its Subterraneous passage to its beloved Fountain Arethusa in Sicily Eurotas now Vassalipotamos Iris Niger Hemerus Plut. it runs by Misutra and falls into the Gulf of Colchina in Summer very dry and shallow but in Winter sometimes overflowing its bounds Inachus now Plannizza once Cramavor then Haliacmon called Inachus from the Son of Oceanus and Thetis whose story is well known I must not forget the River Pamysus Strab. Plin. Amathus Panysus Ptol. Stromio Niger Tifeo Giovio which falls into the Gulf of Coron All Europe affords not a place comparable to this pleasant Peninfula It s fruitful Plains flourish with plenty adorned with the charms of variety It s high Hills though thought unpleasant objects for their cragginess yet endowed with excellent Plants and delicious Fruits and its Climate is soft serene and temperate Here we may have the Melancholly view of the Imperial Seats of the Corinthians Lacedemonians Syconians Mycenians Elians Arcadians Pyleans and Messenians now lying buried in their own Ruins Of the Islands in the Aegean Cretan and Ionian Seas THE Islands that are adjacent to Greece are 1. Such as are in the Archipelago or the Aegean Sea which are about 43 and of late years have had 1450000 Inhabitants that paid the Harach or Pollmoney to the Turks few or no Turks live in them because of the Corsairs Being Christians they are subject to the Metropolitan of Scio and are governed by their own Archontes and admire their own poor Freedom 2. The Isles of the Cretan Sea that are the Bar of the Arches 3. The Islands of the Ionian Sea now are all under the Venetian Of the Aegean Isles THE chief of these Islands are 1. Negropont by the Greeks called Egripos but formerly Macris Abantis and Eubaea it lyes East of Achaia from which it is said to be once separated by an Earthquake which made the narrow Strait called Euripus whose ebbing and flowing is not only seven times a day but sometimes 11 12 13 14 times in the space of 4 or 5 hours This Island is Queen of the Aegean Sea as well for fertility as greatness about 100 miles in length and 25 in breadth and is plentiful in Sheep Kids and Goats Fish Wine and Fruits and all other Provisions The chief City is Negropont or Egripos n a Peninsula near the place where Chalcis stood a place formerly of great wealth and power and since so well fortified that it cost the Turks A.D. 1471. 40000 men in the taking of it from the Venetians there S. Erizzo was murdered and his beautiful Daughter Signora Anna refusing the splendid Courtship of Mahomet was hewn in pieces by him 2. Caristus now Caristo
Gods for its excellent Ships and Archers for the Bull that ravished Europa for the Amours of Pasiphae and Ariadne for the cruelty of the Minotaur for the Government of Saturn for the habitation and Sepulchre of Jupiter for the Laws of Minos and Rhadamanthus for the Labyrinth of Daedalus and many other things the Inhabitants boast of but there is no belief of men that were always accounted Lyers as Tit. 1.12 out of Epimenides Anciently it had an 100 Cities 40 remaining in the time of Ptolomy 1. Gnossus now Cinosus 2. Cydon now Canea Mater Orbium hence Poma Cydonia now Adam's Apples 3. Eleuthera or Erythraea 4. Miletum named 2 Tim. 4.20 with Act. 27.7 8 c. and 21.17 5. Gortyna hence Spicula Gortynia their best Arrows 6. Dictamnum 7. Ampelus 8. Minoa now Allemara The chief Mountains are 1. Ida the highest in the Island now called Psiloriti from the top whereof may be discerned both Seas 2. Dicte now Sethia and Lasthi 3. Leuci a long Chain of Hills called of late di Madara la Spachia and la Sfacioles The Rivers are none of them Navigable but the defect is supplied with good Harbours and Bays The Mullet Scarus was a great Roman delicacy Its Commodities are Muscadel Wine Sugar Sugar-Candy Honey Wax Gum Olives Dates Raisins but little Corn. This Island was first Governed by Saturn then by Jupiter who was Interred at Gnossos then succeeded Minos his Son begotten on Europa after that the Island was Governed by a Republick and in the time of Pompey the Great it was subdued by the Romans then the Emperors of Constantinople were Masters of it after it was given to Boniface M. of Montferrat who parted with it to the Venetians Anno Dom. 1204. But the Turks in the year 1669. after a War of 24 years quite expelled the Venetians and so became Masters of it This Island is now divided into four Territories which bear the Name of so many Principal Cities viz. Candia Canea Retimo and Sittia The Principal Fortresses are Grabates Suda and Spinalonga held by the Venetians Candia the Capital City so strong by Art and Nature that it was the Bulwark of Christendom and maintained it self against many long and desperate Sieges of the Turks before it surrendered to them Other Islands are 2. Claude Act. 27.16 now Gozo 3. Dia now Standia 4. Letoa now Christina 5. Aegilia now Cecerigo Crete has one Archbishop and eight Bishops The Ionian Islands 1. Zant anciently Zacynthus in North Lat. 36 degr 30. min. The Town is stretched along the shore and is very populous according as the rest of the Island that has 50 Towns and Villages some Springs it is infested with frequent Earthquakes The Greek Church is here and as in other places under the Venetian much Latinized in their Doctrine though they hate the Church of Rome The Latines have here a Bishop and divers Churches and Convents The English have a Factory but no Priest as in other places and they seem to the Natives to live without Religion to die without hope as they are buried without decency to the disgrace of our Reformed Church and the great scandal of them that are without Here is plenty of Currans Wine Oyl Mellons and other good Fruits 2. Straphades 2 Isles 50 miles South of Zant here live many Greek Monks well fortified 3. Cephalonia formerly Samos Melaena and Teleboe 't is 120 miles in Circuit the greatest Isle in Vlysses Kingdom Argostoli a large Port every way Land-lockt the Residence of the Venetian Proveditor the chief Town is Cefalona it affordeth abundance of Currans Wine Oyl c. 4. Thiaki four or five miles over against Port Pescarda it affords abundance of Currans 5. Ithaca formerly Dalichium now Val de Compare the Birth-place of Vlysses now without Inhabitants yet it has good Currans 6. Echinades five Scoglio's now called Curzolari at the mouth of the River Achelous near these were fought the Battels of Actium and Lepanto 7. St. Mauro by the Greeks Leucas Leucada and Nerilos 't is separated from Acarnania by a Streight of five Paces over and three or four foot deep in water the Castle is strong called St. Mauro Delivered up to General Morosini July 1684. The Port is good and named Chimeno and the Island Leucas 't is inhabited with Turks and Greeks most are Pyrats 't is thirty or forty miles in Compass and fruitful in Corn Pasture Oranges c. 8. Corfu formerly Corcyra an 180 miles in Compass but for a Rock West the Town would be almost impregnable in the Castle East resides the Venetian General by Sea and Land to whom the other Islands appeal The Ruined Towns are Cassiopia now Cassopo 2. Chersopolis now Palaeopoli here are also the Gardens of Alcinous c. The Inhabitants are very revengeful here is plenty of Wine Oyl and Fruits but little Corn. The Greeks have here a Proto-pappa subject to the Bishop of Cephalonia but the Latins have a Bishop Thus much for the Graecian Islands in the Aegaean Cretan and Ionian Seas The present State of the Countries Forts and other Places which belong to the Europeans in the West and East-Indies THERE were at first but two Nations in Europe that Successfully undertook long Voyages by Sea or who sent Colonies into Distant Climates The Spaniards toward the West and the Portugals into the East These also obtained from Pope Alexander the Sixth a Donation of all Lands undiscovered but the other Europeans were not satisfied at the Pope's Liberality for the English Dutch and French would also have their share since which time there have been several Changes in those Countries that Rigor which the Portugal and Spaniard used to exclude all other Nations serving only to destroy themselves The French have first in Canada Montreal the Three Rivers Quebec Tadousac and other Places upon the great River of St. Lawrence and upon Sufferance or Incroachment they pretend to that which we call Nova Scotia the Island of Cape Bretan In New-found-Land they have Bay Plaisance and Bay Blanco 2. Among the Islands called Antilles part of St. Christophers St. Bartholomews Santa Cruez St. Martins Guadaloupe La Desirée Maria Galante Les Saintes Martinique St. Aloisia Grenada and the Grenadins La Tortue and several Colonies in the Western part of the Spanish Island otherwise call'd Sancto Domingo 3. Upon the Southern Continent of America upon the Coast of Guyana the Island of Cayene where stands the Fort St. Michael de Ceperoux now call'd Fort St. Louis The Islands of Corou Coonama Comoribo c. 4. The Trade of the Coast of Africa upon the Rivers of Senega where they have a Fort Also upon the River of Gambia at Rufisque near Cape Vert at great Sestre at Ardra and many other places in Guinie 5. Fort Dauphin and many other Fortresses in the Island of Madagascar call'd by them the Dauphin Island The Islands of St. Marie Bourbon and Diego Rois The Bereaux new Suratt and other Places in the Mogull's
Jewels of Spices of Silks and other costly Commodities which are brought thither by Sea and Land and from thence sent into other Parts of the World by the Port of Alexandretta or Scandaroon 3. Hamah Leuncl Hamous Bellon Aman aliis Damant in mappa Bleau is the Apamea or Apamia of the Ancients built by Seleucus and so called from the Name of his Wife seated in the midst of a great Plain encompassed with pleasant Hills abounding in Corn and Wine Its Orchards stored with Variety of Fruits and Palm-Trees Its Gardens watered with many Chanels drawn from the Orontes 4. Hams Hemz Turcis Haman Bell. Chemps Postel I. Kydo Camalu Nigro is the Emisa Euseb Emissa Ptol. Hemesa Plin. for pleasant Situation much as the same with Hamah 5. Seleucia built near the Mouth of Orontes by Seleucus esteemed the greatest City-Builder in the World viz. 9 of his own Name 16 in memory of his Father Antiochus 6 bearing the Name of his Mother Laodicea and 3 in remembrance of his Wife Apamoea besides several others either built repaired or beautified by him It had the Surname of Pieria called also Soldin Nig. Seleuche-Jolber Leone Sidonienfi 6. Zeugma seated on the Banks of the River Euphrates where Alexander the Great passed over on a Bridge of Boats. 7. Samosatha Seempsat L. Sidoniensi near the Banks of the Euphrates over which there was a Bridge for a passage into Mesopotamia here was born Lucian and Paulus Samosatenus Patriarch of Antioch who was condemned for Heresie 8. Palmira Amagara Ortel Fayd Sans seated near the Desart of Arabia famous for Zenobia who stood in opposition with Gallienus for the Empire of the East but was taken Prisoner and led in Triumph through Rome by Aurelian 9. Adada is memorable for the Victory that Aretus King of Arabia obtained against Alexander King of Jewry 10. Damascus Damasco Europaeis Sciam Minad Scham incolis Leuncl Damas Gallis once the chief City of Syria and one of the most ancient in all Asia seated near the River Chrysorrhoas Pharphar Hebraeis Adegele Bell. Farfar Ferne Gist in a Soil so fertile in Gardens Orchards and Vineyards a place so pleasant with Rivers and Fountains so surfeiting of Delights so ravishing with Pleasures that some have called it The Paradise of the World famous for the Temple of Zacharias garnished with 40 stately Porches and adorned with about 9000 Lanthorns of Gold and Silver Ruined and destroyed by the Persians Macedonians Romans Parthians Saracens Tartars by the Soldans of Egypt and by the Turks After the Battel of Issus Alexander the Great found in Damas 200600 Talents of coined Mony and 500 Talents uncoined Laudicha Laodicea Cic. Strab. Plin. Laodice Polyb. so called from Laodice the Wife of Antiochus and Mother of Seleucus surnamed Cabiosa called Lizza Lyche Minad Olivario 100 Miles from Damascus There was also another Laodicea Ptol. upon the Sea-Coast 30 Miles from Antioch West Rhamata Hebraeis Lyche incolis teste Mol. Beritus now Barutti or Berite once much frequented by Merchants and others near which is that noted Valley where as it is said St. George by killing the Dragon redeemed the King's Daughter Biblus now Gibbeleth was the Habitation of Cinivas the Father of Myrrha Mother to the fair Adonis from whom the Neighbouring River took its Name once a Bishops See now desolate I had almost forgot Alexandretta or Scanderone the Sea-port of Aleppo a confused heap of paltry Houses inhabited by the Greeks who keep Fudling Schools for the Mariners and other meaner sort of the People only the dwellings of the Vice-Consuls are very convenient But Tavernier saith They must be Men who love Money that accept of those Employments for the Air like that at Ormus is so bad in Summer especially that if it doth not kill yet they cannot avoid very dangerous Distempers And after some stay there to remove to a better Air is to endanger their Lives But Auri sacra fames Of MESOPOTAMIA THE Padan Aram of the Scripture Yrakin by the Persians Jazeirey by the Arabians Meredin by the Arminians by the Turks Diarbeck is a Peninsula between the Euphrates and Tygris on the West South and East and on the North the Mountains separate it from Turcomania the South part desart and barren the Northern part abounding with Corn and Wine A Country memorable for the Birth of Abraham and Rebecca the long Abode of Jacob and the Birth of his Children the Original of the Hebrew Nation Successively subjected to the Babylonians Assyrians Medes and Persians from them Conquer'd by the Romans Recover'd again by the Persians then sell into the power of the Sarazens and now enslaved under the Turks Orpha or Ourfa is the ancient Edesa Edessa Ptol. Plin. Edesa Strab. Erech by the Hebrews and Rages as Villanovanus tells us Orpha by Paulus Jovius Rotas by Haithonus Rhoas Rhoa Niger Orfa by P. Gyllius Rohai al. Orrhoai Arab. The Capital City of Mesopotamia where they dress the Yellow Cordovant Skins the Blue at Tocat the Red at Diabeker Carrha known to the Romans for the death of wealthy Crassus Orfa Baud. Heren Nig. Sans Dr. Leonard Ronwolf who in Anno 1575. was at Haran tells us it was then called Ophra 11 days Journy or 232 Miles from Mosul or Ninive That it was a fair City well inhabited and richly furnished with Merchandize but especially with fair Coverlets of divers Colours Tavernier and Thuenot tell us That Ourfa is built where stood the ancient Edessa memorable in the Church History for the Story of Abagarus and in Roman History for the death of the Emperor Caracalla and by the Report of the Inhabitants the place where Abraham lived So that Havan Edessa Carrha and Orfa seem to me to be all the same City The Walls of the City are of Free Stone with Battlements and Towers but Ruinous within upon the South-side there is a Castle upon a Hill with some old pitiful Guns The City is governed by a Bashaw Diarbeker or Diarbequir is also the Caramit or Caremu Carahemit Turcis teste Leuncl the Amida of Procop. Ammaea Ptol. Hemit incolis olim Constantia dicta teste Baud. Zoriga Molet seated near the Tygris a Frontier Town of great Strength the Seat of a Turkish Basha containing two or three fair Piazza's and a magnificent Mosque formerly a Christian Church 'T is well peopled containing by Report 2000 Christians â…” Armenians the rest Nestoreans and some few Jacobites Famous for its Red Marroquins surpassing in Colour all others in the last as also for excellent Wine and good Bread. Bi r or Birigeon is seated on the Euphrates upon the Brow of a Hill Plenty of Bread Wine and Fish Sharmely Tav Tcharmelick Thev is a very good Town with a fair Inn and very good Baths round about it near which is a Mountain on the top whereof is a Fortress with a Garison which the Grand Visier in the Year 1631. after his loss at Bagdat intended to have
made his Refuge but was strangled before he could accomplish his design Dadacardia Tav The Ruines whereof denote it to have been a large Town but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but the Hollows of Rocks Cousasar Tav Kodgiasar Thev is a Village where you pay the Customs of Diarbequir Tav rather of Merdin teste Thev Merdin Marde Herod Ptol. Merdino Onuph Mirdin Barb. Mirdanum Procopio two Leagues from Kodgiasar is a little City seated on a Mountain with good Walls and a Castle where is resident a Basha who hath under him 200 Spahi's and 400 Janizaries Karasara Tav Caradene Thev shews the Ruines of seven or eight Churches and was once a great Town one days Journy from Nesbin Nesbin is but the shadow of the ancient Nisibis of Strab. Ptol. Plut. Plin. and formerly a great Town now hardly an ordinary Village Mosul upon the West side of the River Tygris is encompassed with Walls of rough Stone plaistered over with little pointed Battlements on the Top. It hath a Castle built of Free Stone and the Walls are about three Fathom high on the Land side separated from the Town by a Ditch five or six Fathoms broad and very deep In the Castle there are six large Guns whereof one is broken and one is mounted several Field-pieces whereof two mounted The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in France but deep and rapid and in Winter 't is as broad again And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanson's Map of this Country viz. That besides the mistakes of Rivers he hath made so many Faults in the position of Places in their Distances as also in their Names that nothing of the Country is true in the Map. Diarbeck taken in general comprehends Arzerum the Assyria of old and Yerac the ancient Chaldea or Babylonia the chief Cities whereof are Babylon and Nineveh which were heretofore very famous now altogether ruined Nineveh just over against Mosul was the Residence of the King of Assyria 24 Leagues in Circuit The voluntary death of Sardanapalus and the Repentance of the Inhabitants have renowned it in Story Towards the Frontiers of Assyria inhabited a Warlike People called The Curds where many great Battels have been fought viz. That at Arbela and Gaugamela Plin. or Gangamela Strab. now near to if not the same with Schiahrazur the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Renowned for the Victory of Alexander the Great against Darius killing above 400000 Persians with the loss of 300 Macedonians There the Califfs wan the Battel of Maraga which made them Masters of all Persia And near to Chuy Selim defeated Ishmael Sephi who had always been a Victor before Babylon lay a small days Journy from Bagdat which stands upon the Tygris and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Felougia near to which they shew the place where stood the Tower of Babel famous for the Confusion of Languages This Babylon was built by Nimrod whom some affirm to be Belus Semiramis and Nebuchadnezzar much augmented it The first of the two having encompassed it with such Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no less admir'd It was taken by Cyrus by Darius by Alexander the Great who died there and by Seleucus The power and wealth of Babylon was so great that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus than the third part of all his Dominions Next to Babylon Seleucia called Coche and Alexandria then Seleucia from Antiochus the Son of Seleucius teste Martiano now Bagdad or Bagadat teste Sansone was the most considerable City in all Asia and then Ctesiphon Baghdat or Bagadad generally called Babylon is not only the Rendezvous of several Merchants but also of the Mahumetans of all parts of Asia who go to visit the Sepulchres of Omar and Haly and other Mahometan Saints It was a long time the Residence of the Caliphs Ulit who was one of them was Master of one of the greatest Monarchies in the World for it extended from the most Western parts of Barbary to the East-Indies Another Caliph of this City at his death left Eight Sons Eight Daughters Eight Millions of Gold Eight thousand Slaves and the addition of Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the Year 1638. when Amurath the Fourth re-took it from the Persians he caused three Men out of every Tent through his Army to be cast into the Moat and over them a vast number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks that he might the more easily assault the Town Kufa or Mecha Ali is a City for which the Mahometans have a particular Veneration as being the Burying place of Haly. Bassora or Balsora is the Teredon of Strab. Plin. Ptol. a Town near the mouth of Tygris which they of the Country call Shat. It is large and pleasant by reason of its Palm-Trees The conveniency of its Port furnishes India and Persia with Dates which are Bread and Wine to those that know how to order them Some few Years since Balsora fell under the Jurisdiction of Ali-Bassa who styl'd himself King thereof who left it to his Successors who enjoy it from Father to Son paying a small Tribute to the Grand Signior who is afraid to oppress him lest he should revolt but these two last Places properly belong to Arabia Of CANAAN CANAAN by Rob. Morden THis Country was first Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham and called by his Name He dying left it to his 11 Sons that bore the Name of the Children of Canaan at what time it contained 52 Kingdoms and 5 Satrapes Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes that bore the Names of the Sons of Jacob and Israel being conquered by Joshua and possessed by the Israelites who for 386 years were governed by Captains and Judges after that for 418 years by Kings From Rehoboam 10 Tribes revolted who chose the fugitive Jeroboam for their King His Successors were styled Kings of Israel so that it then contained 2 Kingdoms viz. 1st of Judah whose regal Seat was Jerusalem 2d of Israel whose Seat was at Samaria After 259 Years the Israelites were led into Captivity by the King of Assyria some say beyond the Caspian Mountains from whence they never returned And the Assyrians possessed their Land and were called Samaritans The People of Judah were also afterwards carried Captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar after set at liberty by Cyrus and returned back under the Conduct of Zerubbabel After this they were called Jews and the Country Jewry and for about 364 years they were governed by Aristocracy until the Maccabees who after many Conflicts with their powerful Neighbours uphold the Government 131 years during which interval the Romans under Pompey conquer'd Judea and after the Death of Antigonus the last of the Race of the Maccabees Herod is made King by Augustus and Anthony a man of admirable Virtues and execrable Vices fortunate abroad unfortunate in his Family his
pleasant Here Money is Coined and here are several Towns but as for the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants they are the same as in Mingrelia The King hath Four good Castles viz. Scander seated upon the side of a Valley Regia and Scorgia both almost inaccessible in the Mountains and naturally fortified 4 Cotatis bearing the Name of the Town and Country round it perhaps the Catatene of Ptol. 90 miles from the mouth of the River Phasis built at the foot of a Hill consisting of about 200 Houses it hath a Fortress built with several Towers and a double Wall. These Three Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks The Tribute of the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls from Ten to Twenty years of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes And the Prince of Mingrelia 60000 Ells of Linen Cloth made in that Country The Princes of Mingrelia give themselves the Title of Dadian that is the head of Justice Of GURGISTAN Georgia by our modern Geographers and the Persians is called Gurgistan by the Georgians Carthuel By some Authors 't is divided into four particular Provinces viz. Imirette and Guriel of which we have spoken of before 3 Caket 4 Carthuel These two last are under the Persian Dominion and this is that which the Persians call Gurgistan and the Georgians Carthueli It is a Country full of Wood and very Mountainous yet encloses a great number of pleasant Plaines and the River Kur the Cyrus of the Ancients runs through the midst of it The Temper of the Air is very kindly their Fair weather begins about May and lasts till the end of November The Soil if well watered produces all sort of Grain Herbs and Fruit in abundance therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined where a Man may live both deliciously and cheap Their Bread as good as any in the World and their Fruit of all sorts is very delicious Nor is there any part of Europe that produceth fairer Pears and Apples or better tasted nor any part of Asia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates Their Cattel very good and plentiful their Fowl of all sorts is incomparable There is no better Meat in the world than their young Porkers of which there are abundance The Caspian Sea and Kur River furnish it with all sorts of Salt and Fresh Fish and there is also no Country where they drink more or better Wine No Men are more addicted to their sensual Pleasures and beastial Voluptuousness that is to Drunkenness and Luxury neither are the Women less vitious and wicked having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex and contribute more to that torrent of Uncleanness which overflows all the Country Nature saith Sr. John Chardin hath bestowed upon the Women of that Country Graces and Features which are not other where to be seen so that 't is impossible to behold them without loving of their more charming Countenances nor more lovely Statures and Proportions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man They are Tall clear Limb'd Plump and Full but not over-Fat and extreamly slender in the Waste but that which spoils all is their Nasty Shifts and Painted Faces The Men are naturally witty nor would there be more Learned men or more Ingenious masters in the world were they but improved by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences but their Education is so mean and brutish having nothing but bad Examples that those Parts are altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance so that they are generally Cheats and Knaves Perfidious Treacherous Ingrateful and Proud. There are several Bishops in Georgia an Arch-bishop and a Patriarch whom they call Catholicos There are also many Churches but nothing remaines of Christianity unless the name of their Fasts for they neither know or practise the least precept of the Law of Jesus Christ The Church-Men also will be as drunk and keep Female Slaves for their Concubines as well as others The Nobility exercise a more Tyrannical power over their Subjects than in Mingrelia challenging a right over their Estates Liberty and Lives if they seize upon them whether Wife or Children they sell them or dispose of them as they please The Province of Carthuel containes no more than four Cities Gori Suram Aly and Teflis Gori or Kori Armatica or Harmastis of old teste Sans is a small City seated in a Plain between two Mountains upon the bank of the River Chur at the foot of a small Hill upon which there is a Fortress built which is garisoned by Native Persians Suram is a small Town but the Fortress is large and well built having 100 Men in garison Teflis Artaxata Plin. Artaxia Tac. Artaxiasata Strab. by the Georgians Cala by some Tebele-cala is called also Darel Melec by P. Jovius Choim the fairest Citie in Georgia seated at the bottom of a Mountain at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is encompassed with strong Walls defended with a large Fortress on the South-side it contains about 14 Churches six belonging to the Georgians and the rest to the Armenians The Cathedral which is called Sion is seated upon the bank of the River built of all fair hewen Stone There is not a Mosque in Teflis though the City belongs to a Mahometan Emperor and governed by a Mahometan Prince The Bazars or Market-places are very fair and large built of Stone The Inns or Caravansera's are no less beautiful The Princes Palace is one of the most beautiful Ornaments in Teflis it hath been twice under the power of the Turks once in the Reign of Ishmael the second King of Persia and in the Reign of his Successor Solyman took it almost at the same time as he did Tauris The Kingdom of Caket is at present in subjection to the King of Persia governed by his Viceroy The Cities are all Ruines unless that which is called Caket or Kaket In the Northern part of that Kingdom the Amazons are supposed to have inhabited Ptol. fixes their Country in the Asiatick Sarmatia to the West of Wolga Quintius Curtius saith also that the Kingdom of Thalestris was near to the River Phasis and Strabo speaking of the Expeditions of Pompey and Canidius is of the same opinion Quiria borders upon the Caspian Sea its chief Places are Derbent Caucasiae Portae Plin. or Pylae Iberiae Ortel Demir Temir-Capi Turcis Alexandria Portae Ferreae Caspiae Portae of old now belonging to the Persians it is a great Market for Slaves and is a strong wall'd Town said to be built by Alexander the Great And Tarky at this day under the Duke of Moscovy Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanach which answers to ancient Albana of Zitach or Gorgora thought to be the ancient Getara or Gagara of Ptolomy and Chipeche to be the ancient Chabala It contains the Circassian and Dagestan Tartars The Circassian Country is very fertile producing good store of Fruit and Grain and also good pasture Ground The Men
are very Corpulent and Robust have broad Faces but not square like the Crims and Calmucks of a swarthy yellow Complexion shaving their Heads and Beards after a strange manner a surly ill-natur'd People good Horse men Their Arms are a kind of long Bow which they handle with great dexterity Their Women are very fair and lovely with Black Eyes well proportioned in their Bodies of a middle Stature The Dagestan or Daghestan Tartars inhabit the Hilly Country which lies towards the Sea the Men are in Shape and Habit much like the Circas-Tartars their Arms are Bow Arrows and a Scimitar When they ride out they have Spears and Launces a Helmet and Target great Men-stealers which they sell to the Turks and Persians The Dagestan Tartars are subject to several Princes and Lords who are independently soveraign About Derbent appear the Ruins of a Wall which is said to reach as far as the Euxin Sea and in many places of the Country appear the Ruins of many Castles Schamachy Sammachi Summachi the Cyropolis of Ptol. Circambate Persis Cyseleth Arabibus was once a strong place but in the wars of the Turks and Persians it was dismantled and made an open Village The Streets are narrow the Buildings low it hath a spacious Market-place or Bogan having several Shops and Galleries rich in Merchandizes and Manufactories but much subject to Earthquakes Of the ISLANDS about ASIA MINOR CYPRI INSULA SOme of these Islands have been very remarkable to Antiquity others to us at present The most remarkable are 1. Tenedos Calydna Leucophryn Eust Phenice Lyrnessus Plin. Tenedo Soph. which produce most excellent Muscadine Wines and cheap situate near the Mouth of the Hellespont opposite to Troy famous for the concealing of the Grecian Navy 2. Metelino Lesbos seu Mytlena of old Antissa Pelasgia Macarea Hemerte Lasia Aegyra Aethiope Plin. aliis It s chief City is Meteline which for its greatness and excellency of its Wine gives Name to the Island Here was Sappho born the Inventress of the Sapphick Verse Pittacus one of the Sages of Greece and Arion the Dolphin Harper 3. Chios of old Aetalia Aethale Macris Pityusa now Chio or Scio by the Turks Sacher by the Persians Seghex distant from the Ionian Shores about four Leagues in compass about 124 Miles It affordeth excellent Fruits in great plenty but is most remarkable for its Musick for its Honey for the Church of its Convent of Niomene once one of the fairest in the World and for the Sepulchre of Homer It was given to the Gennues by the Emperor Andronicus Palaeologus and by them possessed Ann. 1565. It was by Selimus Secundus fraudulently surprized and taken and now subject to the Turks 4. To the West of this Island lies Psyra a small Island now called Psara witness of the unhappy Fate of a great part of the Venetian Fleet 1647. and the loss of G. Grimani then drowned 5. Icaria now Nicaria of old Doliche Macris Ichthiesa It abounds in Corn and Pasturage in compass about 80 Miles and is remarkable for the Shipwrack of Icarus The poorest and yet the happiest Isle of the whole Aegean Sea the Soil barren but the Air healthful their Wealth but small but their Liberty and Security great 6. Samos is one of the greatest and most remarkable Islands of the Archipelago the Country of Pythagoras and once a Kingdom and governed by its own Kings It is now about 26 French Leagues in compass and counts 18 Towns and Villages The Ruines of the old City of Samos are six Miles in compass over against the old City about a Mile distant stands the new now called Megale Chora where is the Residence of the Archbishop lately in London the Cadee Aga c. Mons Cercetius or the Mountain Kerkis is the highest of the whole Island and is covered with Snow almost all the Year and hath a Lake on the top well stored with Eels The little Samos abounds with a Flower which hath a fragrancy like Musk and hath also this quality that Time doth not decay but augment the fragrancy of its smell This Flower is transplanted into the choicest Gardens of Constantinople and the Grand Signior wears it ordinarily in his Turbant Carlovasy is the second Town in the Island having 500 Houses and five Churches a place of great Trade to Sea and yet their Port is so unsafe that they are forced to load their Vessels ashore and so launch them off Nor must I forget the Samian Vessels sovereign for divers uses in Physick and Chirurgery Between Nicaria and Samos lie the noted Rocks once called Melanthii now Fornoli 7. Pathmos Palmosa Soph. Bel. now Patino by Georgirenes 36 Miles in compass Once famous for the Residence of that great Apostle St. John and for those wonderful Revelations which that Evangelist had there during his Banishment in the time of the Persecution under Domitian which to him indeed was Apocalypse but to all others Apocrypha The Port called Scala on the West side towards Naxos is the best of all in the Archipelago near which is a Rock of a great height called Cynops from the Magician in St. John's days The Island is well stored with Vines Fig-Trees Lemon and Orange Trees and Corn but all subject to the Robbery of Pyrats as well Christians as Mahometans so that Poverty is their best protection against Rapine and Patience the onely Remedy against their Tyrannical Oppression 8. Heron now Lero about 18 Miles in compass noted for Aloes 9. Claros now Calamo 40 Miles in compass very mountainous once sacred to Apollo abounding also with plenty of Aloes 10. Cous Cos or Coa formerly Meropes Caria Nymphaea now Lango Nig. Stancora Turcis It is in compass 70 Miles furnished with sweet and pleasant streams and is famous for being the Birth-place of Hippocrates the Reviver of Physick and Apelles the famous Painter 11. Carpathos now Scarpante in compass 60 Miles stored with the best Coral 12. Rhodus Ophivsa Telchinis Strab. Asteria Aethraea Trinacria Corymbia Poessa Atabyria Macaria Colossa according to the Ancients in compass is 135 Miles It s Soil fertile its Air temperate plentiful in all things as well for Delight as Profit full of excellent Pastures adorned with pleasant green Trees The Sun is here so constant that it was dedicated to the Sun and held sacred to Phoebus to whom they erected that vast Colossus of Brass accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World said to be 50 Cubits in height every Finger as great as an ordinary Statue and the Thumb too great to be fathomed made by Charetes of Lindus It was 12 years a making and 66 years afterwards thrown down by an Earthquake 900 Camels were laden with the Brass which was used about it to fasten and hold fast the Stones The Town or City is well fortified with a treble Wall and five strong Fortresses embracing a most safe and admirable Haven given to the Knights of St.
in Sumatra who say that God is far off but the King is near at hand The Wealth of this King is very vast as appear'd by the Treasure which Alexander found in the Coffers of Darius And to descend towards our Times Sha Sephi one of their last Kings had no less than 7400 Marhes of gold-Plate for the ordinary Service of his Court. The King deceasing the Eldest Son ascends the Throne whilst his Brothers are kept in the Haram and their Eyes put out and oftentimes the Children of the King's Brothers and Sisters also to avoid Competition for the Sovereignty and Rebellion The State of Persia is distinguished like most of the European States into three Bodies The first of the Sword which answers to the Nobility The second is that of the Gown which answers to the Law and Religion The third is composed of Merchants Handicraftsmen and Labourers The Athemat Doulet is the Prime Minister in Temporals the Sedre in Spirituals whose Offices are much the same with the Grand Visier's and the Mufty in Turky The greatest part of the Lands in Persia belong to the King and are farmed by private persons the rest are measured and pay so much a measure The King hath also a vast Income by Merchandises that pay Custom and Toll The Commerce of this mighty Empire consists in the Trade of the Country and Foreign Traffick The Country Trade is in the hands of Persians and Jews The Foreign Trade in the hands of the Armenians who are Factors for the King and Noblemen Their Commodities are curious Silks exquisite Carpets and Tissues with other Manufactures of Gold Silk and Silver great quantities of Linen Cloth of all sorts of Colours Their Seal-skins and Goat-skins are transported by the Hollanders into India and Japan as also into Moscovy and Poland The famous Ronas Root is transported over all India great store of dried Fruits of candid Quinces and Boxes of Marmalet made at Balsera Fruits pickled in Vinegar sweet Water Almonds Raisins and purgative Prunes They vend abundance of their Camels into Turky great store of Horses and Mules into India and a prodigious number of Sheep and Lambs into Natolia and Romania The natural Complexion of the Persians is Tawney as may be seen by the Gaures the original Inhabitants of the Country but the present Persians by reason of their frequent Marriages with fair Georgian Women have contracted a better degree of Comeliness and Beauty The Justice among them is very exact and speedy Suits being determined upon the place Murther severely punished and extraordinary Care taken for the security of the High-ways for Thieves find no mercy and if a Merchant be robbed the Governor of the Province makes good the Loss The Air of Persia varies according to the diversity of its situation the Country of Edzerbeitzan is very sharp and cold but healthy the Air of Kilan is very unwholsom but the Province of Mazandran from September to March seems a kind of Terrestrial Paradise At Ispahan in the middle of Persia there are six months of hot and six months of cold weather In the Southern Provinces the Heats are very excessive In some parts the Snow falls three or four times in a Season and somtimes very thick but Rain there is very little As for Woods there are none in all the Country and Springs are very scarce to Travellers 'T is a Country generally mountainous out of some of which they dig Salt as Stones out of a Quarry and there are some Plains there where the Sand is nothing but Salt. Of late several Copper Mines have been found out of which the Natives make all sort of Kitchin Houshold-stuff their Lead comes from Kerman their Iron and Steel from Corazan and Kasbin some Mines of Gold and Silver there were but the Expence is more than the Profit The Provinces of Guilan and Mazandran furnish'd all Persia with Oil. Armenia Mengrelia Georgia and Media abound in Vineyards but their Vines they bury all Winter and take them up in the Spring The Flowers of Persia are not comparable to those of Europe for Variety or Beauty nor are their Apples Pears Oranges Granates Prunes Cherries Quinces Chesnuts Medlers and other sorts of Fruits so well tasted as ours yet their Apricots the better sort are better than ours which when you open the Stone cleaves in two and the Kernel which is only a small Skin as white as Snow is most pleasant to the Taste so likewise their Melons are most excellent very plentiful and more wholsom than ours Their Fowl are much the same as we have in Europe and their Poultry are very plentiful only there are no Turkies All sorts of Water-Fowl are common in some parts of the Country and as for Birds of Prey it wants none The Native Inhabitants are generally very inquisitive after future Events consulting their Astrologers like Oracles much addicted to ill Language but never blaspheme God nor subject to swear naturally great Dissemblers and Flatterers excessive in their Luxury and Expences much accustomed to Tobacco and Coffee and to make mutual Visits generally addicted to Play and Pastimes yet Men never dance nor do they use walking to and again as we do The two great Sects amongst the Followers of Mahomet which are most violent against each other are the Turks and Persians The first hold Mahomet to be the chief and ultimate Prophet the later prefer Haly before him and esteem his Inspirations greater and his Interpretations of the Law more perfect and divine and their grand Festival is the Feast of Hocen and Husscin The King permits the Carmelites Capuchins Austin-Fryers and other Orders to have their Houses and Churches in his Royal City of Ispahan where their Superiors live in nature of Ambassadors for the Christian Princes They are as superstitious as the Turks and believe material enjoyments in Paradise though others more refined affirm That Beatitude consists in the perfect knowledge of the Sciences and for the Senses they shall have their satisfaction according to their quality Their Women are esteemed the handsomest in all Asia their Horse the nimblest their Camels the strongest And in the Country they commend the Bread of Yezdecas the Wine of Schiras and the Women of Yez'd The Persian Language is so sweet that it is only in use among the Women and Poets the King and the Nobility generally speaking the Turkish Tongue The greatest Trade is at Bagdat for Turky and at Gombron for the Indies The Kings of Persia permit Strangers to trade upon their Coasts but not to build Forts And the Mogul and Emperor of China observe the same Policy in their Dominions They lie between two potent Neighbors the Turk and the Great Mogul The strength of their Kingdom consists chiefly in its Situation being surrounded by high Mountains and vast Deserts Ishmael Sophi brought into the Field an Army of 300000 Men against Selim Emperor of the Turks And other Persian Kings have had Armies of 7 or 800000 Men
But generally their Armies now adays consist not of above 50 or 60000 Horse besides 30000 which are always kept upon the Frontiers The Militia is divided into three sorts which are the Corschis generally called Kesel-Bashi or Red-heads in Number about 22000 all good Soldiers and Horsemen The second sort the Goulams or Slaves Renegado Georgians who are about 18000 being also Horsemen The third sort are the Tafenkgis who are composed of Men taken from the Plough as most fit for Labor they are Footmen arm'd with a Scimiter and a Musquet The Persians especially the Rich are much less subject to Sickness than the Europeans nor are they much troubled with the Pox for the dry Air of the Country is an Enemy to it besides they go often to the Bath to sweat out the Venom of that Distemper for as for any method of Physick they have none Diet is the chief Remedy which the Physicians prescribe in all Diseases and account most sovereign They divide the Natural Day into four parts from Sun-rising to Noon from Noon to Sun-set from Sun-set to Midnight and from Midnight till Sun-rise and in the Vulgar Computation of Time make use of Lunar Months which they always begin from the first Appearance of the New Moon But in their Astronomical Accounts they make use of Solar Months The first Month begins upon the 11th of our March the day of the Vernal Equinox being the first day of their year upon which day if a Persian hath not mony to buy him a new Habit he will mortgage his own Body to have one The Persians betroth their Children very young at nine or ten years and among the Armenians some are married and lie together at five or six their Law allows them but four Wives but they may have as many hired Women as they please and may also enjoy their Slaves whom they purchase the Children both of the one and of the other are accounted Lawful and inherit all alike The Nobility of the Persians is founded upon their being descended from Mahomet and these have the Title of Mir or Prince and the Daughters that of Mirza or Princess The Persians wear Red Turbants the Tartars of Giagatay Green ones The Turkish Turbants are White and the Greeks Blue And as they are thus distinguish'd in the Colours of their Turbants so if we regard the natural Enmities of Nations we shall find as great an Antipathy between the Turks and Persians as there is between the Chineses and Japanners the Armenians and Nestorians the Arabians and Abassines the French and Spaniards the Italians and Greeks the Germans and Polanders the Danes and Suedes or the Moscovites and Tartars The Capital City of all Persia is Ispahan built by Arsaces who enlarged the Parthian Dominions and called Dara afterwards Aspadara also Nymzamena by Ben. Jonas Hagistan Clu. Asbahawn by the Arabian Geographer Saphaon Mandevel Spahawn Herb. Spahan Aspachan Izpaan and Hispahan in some Maps and Authors 537 Miles from the Persian Sea 360 from the Caspian 450 from Babylon and 870 from Candahor By which last distance agreeing very near with what Tavenier makes it viz. 390 Agats every Agat being a Province League I find Persia is at least 3 or 400 Miles too much in length in most Maps and in some much more As it is the Residence of the Persian King and in the Centre of his Empire Noble as seated on a vast Plain which extends three ways 15 or 20 Leagues Fair and pleasant for Air healthy considering her Palaces Stately her Gardens Delicious and Fragrant her Piazza's and the Wealth of her Bazars or publick Market places Rich and populous only the Streets are narrow and dark annoyed with Loads of Ordure and Filth in the Summer dusty and in the Winter miry Zulpha or Jelphey Herb. is a little City separated from Ispahan by the River Sonderou and is a Colony of Armenians who enjoy Lands and great Priviledges They have 15 or 16 Churches and Chapels and no Mahometans may live amongst them Schiras Sherazz à Persis Schirasium Baud. Sheraz Herb. Syaphas Ben Jonas Xirias Don Garcias Zyras P. Venet. Cirecatha Steph. Cyropolis Muslaedini-Saddi A City no less ancient than great according to that Proverb Quando Schiras erat Schiras tunc Cairus erat ejus pagus and is now the second City for Magnificence in the Persian Monarchy pleasantly seated at the end of a spacious Plain circumvolved with lofty Hills enriched by Trade made lovely by Art. The Palaces rise so amiably the Mosques and Hummums with their caerulean Tiles and gilded Vanes amongst the Cypresses so glitter by reflecting the Sun-Beams in a curious splendor The Vineyards Gardens Cypresses Sudatories and Temples ravishing the Eye and Smell so that in every part she appears fair and delightful Here Cyrus the most excellent of Heathen Princes was born and here his Body all but his Head which was sent to Pisagard lies entombed Here the great Macedonian glutted his Avarice and Bacchism Here the first Sybil sung our Saviour's Incarnation And here a Series of 200 Kings have swayed their Scepters The Government of Schiras is one of the highest Commands for a Subject and is particularly famous for the most excellent Wines in all Persia Tavernier tells us That now it looks rather like a Town half ruined than a City And that there is a wonderful Well which is 15 years rising to the Top and 15 years falling or sinking to the Bottom Persepolis by the Greek and Latin Authors Elamis by the Persians and Oriental Nations when in its Perfection was the Metropolis of the World Totius Orbis Splendor when in its flourishing condition saith D. Siculus and Q. Curtius the Richest the Noblest and the Loveliest City under the Sun so beautiful and so stately in its Structure being most of Cedar and Cypress Wood the Order of Building so curious and regular as it was in that Age justly styled The Glory of the World. The Success Antiochus Epiphanes had at Jerusalem when he sacrilegiously ravished ten Tuns of Gold made him march to Persepolis with an Army in hopes of getting the greatest Exchequer in the World for though Babylon and Shushan were very Rich the one furnishing the Macedonian Victor with 50000 Talents the other with 9 Millions of Gold and 50000 Talents in Bullion yet in Persepolis there was found 120000 Talents or according to Strabo 32 Millions 750000 Pounds Time would fail me to mention the lofty Palace of the Persian Emperors which for Situation Prospect Richness in Materials and Curiosity of Art rendred it incomparable of that Majesty and Splendor as put the World's Conqueror into amazement at his entrance thereinto But alas this rich and famous City yea the Palace also was at a drunken Feast in a debauched Humor by the Instigation of Thais and at the Command of Alexander set all on Fire an Act which the great Prince would have quenched with his Tears but preceding Mischiefs are not amended by succeeding Lamentations But of
the Mausolea the Temple dedicated to Anaia or Diana and of the Ruines of it at this day called Chilmanor or Chehelminor Vide Herbert's Travels Comeshaw where Sir R. Shirley was once Commander thought to be the Caunaxa where the memorable Battel betwixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus his Brother was fought Others think it the same which Pliny called Paradona or Orebatys of Ptol. Near Gheez is a narrow Strait the Mountains on either side are very precipitous and vastly high not more than 40 Yards broad and 8 Miles long and is one of the three noted Passages through the Mountain Taurus which leads to Hircania through this Strait the fair Amazonian came to Alexander Periscow Herb. Firuseuch Val. is noted for the abundance of Pheasants and other Game for Hawking Asharaff Herb. Escref de Val. is about two Miles from the Caspian Sea in Latitude 38 degrees 17 minutes due North from Ispahan Here Sha Abbas gave Audience to Sir Dodmore Cotton the English Ambassador and is but 5 Miles from Ferrabaut the Hircanian Metropolis Ferrabaut or Estrabut upon the Caspian Sea some take this for the Remains of the old Amarusa some for the Socanda Ptol. others suppose it to be the Phraata which Marcus Antonius besieged when he invaded Media to be revenged for the death of Crassus the Rich who with 30000 of his Men were slain by Phraartes the Paâ—â—hian Omoul by some Zarama by others Zadracarta where Alexander refreshed his Army in the persuit of Bessus the infamous Bactrian others think it to be the Remains of Nabarca where the Oracle of Dreams was famoused The Inhabitants observe six or seven several Sabbaths At Damaon the Jews inhabit in great Numbers having as they report been seated ever since the Transplantation from Canaan by Salmanasser 〈◊〉 2 Kings 17.6 And also say that upon the Damoan Mountain Noah's Ark rested Tyroan seems to be the Rhazunda of Strab. a City of about 3000 Houses The Women are lovely and curious in Novelties but the Jealousie of the Men confines them yet vetitis rebus gliscit voluntas Susa or Shushan everywhere famoused was one of the three Royal Palaces â—he Median Monarchs so much gloried and delighted in was the place where Ahashuâ—rus kept his Court and some other Kings Alexander there espoused Statyra the Persian Princess and Daughter of Darius and Ephestion her Sister Here he made a Feast for 9000 Guests to each of which he gave a Cup of Gold. Here he got 50000 Talents in Silver and 9000000 Millions of coined Gold now Valdac or Baldach P. Venet. Sustra Cast. Souster Sans seated upon the River Choaspis a River of such account with the Persian Emperors that no Water but of Choaspis no Bread but from Assos in Phrygia no Wine but the Chalybâ—nian in Syria no Salt but from Memphis in Egypt could please their Palates It was called Ulai in David Eulaeus Plin. Tiritiri Sans Here Cyrus the Great entertained his most beautiful Parthea Here Alexander gave 10000 Talents to pay the Debts of those that had a mind to return into Greece and received a Recruit of 30000 young Soldiers Here it was also that Esther obtain'd so much favor for the Jews and where Haman was hang'd in the place of Mâ—rdecoi It is related that the Palace of Susa built by Darius was enriched by Memnon with the Spoil of the great Thebes in Egypt and that the Stones were fastned with Gold. Next to Persepolis it was reckoned one of the most sumptuous Fabricks of the Kings of Persia but this City is now waste and desolate Congo or Bander Corgo is a City upon the Gulph of Balsara not much unlike Toulon in Provence It rose from the Ruines of Ormus as well as Gombron and there is a Custom-house of which the Persians and Portugueses divide the Profit Laar Corrha Ptol. Laodicea Pynetus Seleucia Elymiadis Appian Lara Baud. Laar P. Venet. gives its Name to a certain piece of silver Mony coined there and contains above 4000 Houses and a little Cittadel Some believe it to be the ancient Pasagardes where the Grand Cyrus vanquished Astyages and translated the Empire of the Medes into that of Persia Calanus an Indian Philosopher suffered a voluntary Death there in sight of the whole Macedonian Army It has been much dispeopled by Earthquakes which often happen in those Parts Larr is the Capital City of the Province which formerly bore the Title of a Kingdom 't is enclosed on both sides with high Mountains being built round about a Rock upon which there stands a Castle where the King keeps a Garison the most part of its Inhabitants are Jews there is no water but Rain-water which doth not happen somtimes for three years together which water standing in the Cisterns so long breeds Worms and whether you strain or boil it there will remain a Foulness and Corruption in it which breeds Worms in the Legs and Feet of Men and J. B. Tavernier saith That at his Return to Paris the fifth time of his Travelling he had one came out of his Left Foot an Ell and half long and another from the Ankle of his Right Foot an Ell long At Jaarown or Gaarom about 20 Farsangs or 60 English Miles from Larr the Inhabitants are most Jews who tell us they are of the Issue of Reuben Gad and the half Tribe of Manasses who by Tiglath Pilasser were carried Captive to this place 2 Kings 17.6 And that the Off-springs of Dan Zebulon Asher and Naphtali were planted at Damoan Near this place is a precious Liquor or Mummy growing carefully preserved for the King 's sole use It distills only in June from the top of those Mountains a most redolent Gum sovereign against Poyson a Catholicon for all sorts of Wounds Tauris the Ecbatana of the Ancients the Metropolis of the Empire of the Medes by the Turks Taberyz by Ezra Achmetha is a great City and well peopled the general mart for Turky Moscovy the Indies and Persia for all sorts of Merchandize especially Silks Anno 1514 the Grand Signior Selym sent a Basha with an Army and ransack'd it 1530 Solyman invaded it with so much Fury that it flamed many days Reviving again it was made prostrate to Ebrahim Basha's Luxury 1534. But 1585 it groaned under the greatest Suffering when Osman Basha Slave to Amurat perpetrated all manner of Cruelty In the Year 1638 it was almost ruined by Sultan Amurath but now Re-edified the Buildings of Brick being baked in the Sun. At this City are seen the Ruines of stately Structures or great Mosques or Temples of a prodigious Height and Magnitude In one dedicated to Diana the great Artaxerxes sequestred the fair Aspasia whose Beauty made him and his Son Competitors Here are dressed the greatest part of the Shagreen Skins that are vended all over Persia Casbin Cazbyn Herb. Kazvin by the Persians The Arsatia of the Ancients or Arsisaca of Strabo Here Parmenio was killed and Ephestion Alexander's Favorite dyed and a Monument erected upon which was
very ancient Extraction and maintain themselves in Mountains and Fortresses that are inaccessible Some of their Cities that terminate in Pore seem to retain the memory of Porus as others by Scander the Name of Alexander The Dominions of the great Mogul are larger than the Persians and equal to those of the great Turk His strength lies in the Number of his Subjects the Vastness of his Wealth and the Extent of his Empire his Revenue exceeding the Persian and the Turks both put together but the Sophi surpasses him in Horse in Arms and warlike People And with the Turk he keeps a good Correspondence as being both of the same Religion Guzerat yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold and the Merchants of that Country are accounted the best in all India It contains 3 fair Cities Amadabat Cambaya and Surat with about 30 others very considerable Amadabat Amacastis Ptol. teste Herb. Amadavastis in Arrian one of the greatest Cities in India and of a vast Trade The Buzzar is Rich and Uniform The Castle Strong large Moated The Mausâ—leum Stately compassed at a little distance with the Dormitories of many Cambayan Potentates and two Miles off are the curious Gardens and Palace of Chawn-channa a Persian Cambaya Camane Nigro Barigaza teste Baud. Syrastene teste Stuchio was call'd the Indian Caire as well for its Greatness as also for its Traffick and the Fertility of the Soil Here they shape the fair Agats that come from the Indies into several sorts of Workmanship and in the Suburbs they make Indico The Tides are so swift to the North of the Gulph that a Horse at full Speed cannot keep pace with the first Wave The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Night but the Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it Suraâ— the Muziâ—is of Prol. Herb. Siâ—astia Sans about 40 days Journy from Agra drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of Asia though the Access to it be very dangerous and the River Tappy or Tindy which rising out of the Decan Mountains glides through Brampore and in Meanders runs by the Walls of Surat and after 14 or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro discharges itself into the Ocean so shallow at the Mouth that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80 Tuns so that the Ships are forc'd to unlade at Soali or Swali remarkable for the mischance of Capt. Woodcock who at the taking of Ormus had lighted upon a â—rigat laden with about a Million of Ryals which he seized and coming into this Swali Road the Whale sunk Alas the uncertainty of fading Pelf The English and Dutch have there their Presidents and Factories making it the greatest Mart in the East-Indies Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons the English have a very fair House there not far from which place Tavernier tells us That of a dry Stick a Mountebank in less than half an hour made a Tree four or five Foot high that did bear Leaves and Flowers Broudra is a great City in a fertile Soil and of a great Trade for Calicuts At Navapour near Surat grows the best Rice in the World. The famous Port of Bombay the Milizigeris of Ptol. belongs to the King of England where is built a strong Fort and Mony is coined there The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about their Fortress of Diu the Patola of Ptol. teste Nig. Pinet Patalena Hid spa Plin. Strab. Petacal Castaldo Barace of Ptol. Adriano Here after Alexander had sail'd down the Indus and arrived at this place he invaded the Country of the Oxydracans and stormed the principal place of the Mallyans where temerariously mounting the Parapet and violently leaping into the Town followed but by 2 Officers he had perished by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies had not the Army as Men desperate in his Rescue enforced their speedy Entrance This Island is about a League long and four Musquet-shot broad the Haven is barr'd with an Iron Chain being under the command of the Cannon of the Castle It was Nobly defended in the years 1539 and 1546 against prodigious Armies so that the Mogul was forc'd to let them settle there to his extreme dissatisfaction But the last Relations from those Parts brings News that the Portugals have been at length constrain'd to abandon it Agra was of old as some tell us called Nagara before that Dionysiopolis founded by Bacchus Nissa Justino vide Hacluyt fol. 489. It contains the Capital City of the Empire able to raise 200000 fighting Men upon occasion The Prince receives a great Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein It is twice as big as Ispahan but ill built and without Walls and has been enlarged since 1566 when Eckbar resided there and having built a stately Castle or Palace gave it the Name of Eker-Ahad Deli or Dehly was the Residence of the Mogul before Agra and so continues since Sha Jehan had built the new City and called it by his Name Jehan Abad or Gehanabat where the Mogul hath a stately Palace half a League in Circuit Gouleor is a Castle where the Mogul imprisons the Princes of the Blood which he suspects Lahor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom built upon one of the five Rivers that descend from the Mountains to swell the River Indus It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans and was the ancient Bucephalus and has been by Report 24 Leagues in Compass Naugracut shews an Idol to which many come in Pilgrimage Fettipore if the Water had been good by this time had triumphed over all the Cities in India Bannaras on the Banks of Ganges is full of mishapen Pagods Cabul the Chabura of Ptol. by some thought to be the Alexandria Arachosia which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucasus whose City bears the same Name is large and well fortified of great Trade for Horses Sheep and other Cattel and is in the great Road from Labor to Samarcand Mando is one of the fairest Towns of the Province of Malva fortified with Walls and a Castle on the top of a Hill. Siranaker is the chief City of Cassimere Multan is of a rich Soil and great Trade for Callicoes but decayed Attok or Atek Tau is one of the best and strongest Gaâ—isons the great Mogul has and no Stranger is permitted to enter without the King's Passport Buckar stands where the Rivers Rawey and Chaul fall into the Indus Lourebander and Diul are the Ports to Tatta Janagar is the chief City of Soret Beisher of Bankish Dankalus of Kakares Hardware of Siba Jambu gives Name to its Province as also doth Sambal Bikanar is chief of Bakar and Narual that of Meuat Pitan and Patna give Name to their respective Provinces between the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala are the Provinces of Candis Chitor Malucy Berar and Ranas whose chief places are Brampore Chitor Rantipore Shapor the Sora of Ptel by Baud. and Gurchitto Jesselmere is the City where Ekbar was
born Asmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi Hendown Bando and Janupar are three Provinces near Agra and Delli Rotas is one of the strongest places in Asia Brampore Baramatis Ptol. is a great City but much ruined with a Castle in the midst of it of a great Trade for Calicuts some painted with Flowers of divers Colours others white and clear and some striped with Gold and Silver Chytor is a City upon a high Rock claiming Precedency for Antiquity amongst all the Cities of India of old Taxilla supposed to be the Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander After which Battel Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount Maeres and for 15 days glutted his Army with those mystick Fopperies and constituted his Argyâ—aspides And at Nyssa built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the Hydaspis a Branch of the River Indus Alexander reposed famous in those days for the Sacred Mount and incomparable Vines there abounding which some think to be the first Plantation of the Patriarch Noâ—h Scronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicuts called Chites those of Seronge are the most lively Colours and lasting Hallabas or Elabasse the Chrysoborca in Plin. by some Nisua teste Herb. is a great City upon the Confluence of Jeminy and Ganges which River there is no broader than the Seine before the Loure and at some times in the year so little water that it will not bear a small Boat much resorted to by the Bannyans for the Relicks of divers deformed Pagothia's These Bannyans swarm in multitudes all over the Indies sucking in the sweetness of Gain by an immeasurable thirst and industry But the Moors and Gentiles often ravish it from them for the Bannyan is no Hestor nor Fighter but morally honest courteous in Behaviour temperate in Passion decent in Apparel abstemious in their Diet industrious in their Callings charitable to the Needy humble to all and so innocent as not to take away the life of the smallest Vermin believing the Transanimation of Souls into Beasts a Persuasion though strange to us was not to our Country-men the Druidae of old Elora not much above three hours from Doltabad is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of Men and Women cut in the Rock so that if one considers the number of spacious Temples full of Pillars and Plasters and the many Thousands of Figures all cut out of a Natural Rock it may be truly said That they are Works surpassing Human Force The River Ganges having received an infinite number of Brooks and Rivers from the North-East and West discharges itself by several Mouths into the Gulph of Bengala making several pleasant Islands containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees Patna is one of the greatest Cities of India upon the Banks of Ganges about two Leagues long where the Hollanders have an House because of their Trade in Salt-petre Daca is a great Town about two Leagues long by the side of Ganges where the English and Hollanders have very fair Houses for their Goods and Trade reckon'd the Capital City of Bengala At Ouguely is the general Factory of the Dutch and at Kâ—ssen Baser is the House of the Director of all the Holland Factories in Bâ—ngala Kachemire Cachmir and Kichmir Thev is esteemed the little Paradise of India by reason of its Beauty At Banareus upon the Banks of Ganges and Jaganate upon the mouth of it are the ch ef Pagods than which nothing can be more magnificent by reason of the quantity of Gold and Jewels wherewith they are adorned and millions of People repair thither to celebrate their Festivals Bengala famous for its temperate Air for the Fertility of the Soil for the great store of Rice for its Cane or Bamboo's and its Calamba wood which yields the most pleasant scent in the world It gives its Name to one of the most famous Gulphs of Asia called Golfo de Bengala the Sinus Gangeticus of Ptol. It s yearly Revenue paid to the Mogul comes to a Million and 500000 Roupies clear the chief City thereof is Bengala by some Satigan Gange Ptol. Ganges Strabo Thevenot calls this Province Oulesser the Idolaters Jaganat Besides these Countries I find mention made by Mr. Tavernier 1. Of the Kingdom of Bouton of a large Extent famous for Musk Rhubarb Wormseed and Furrs and the Caravan is three months travelling from Patna to Boutan the way being generally through Forests and over Mountains which after you have passed the Country is good abounding in Rice Corn Pulse and Wine They have had for a long time the use of Musquets and Cannon and their Gunpowder is long but of great Force The Natives are strong and well proportioned but their Noses and Faces are somwhat flat and there is no King in the world more feared and more respected than the King of Boutan 2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu of whose extent there is no certain Conjecture to be made there is a Mine of Gold but course as also a sort of course Silk which is the greatest Revenue the King hath 3. Of the Kingdom of Asem which is one of the best Countries in all Asia producing all things necessary for human sustenance yet Dogs flesh is the greatest delicacy there are Mines of Gold Silver Lead Iron and store of Silk and Gumlake Kenerof is the Name of the City where the King keeps his Court and at Azo are the Tombs of the Kings of Asem and 't is thought that these are the first Inventers of Guns and Powder which from thence spread into China They have Vines but make no Wine but dry their Grapes to make Aquavitae and of the Leaves of Adam's Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and Women are generally well-complexioned but swarthy subject to Wens in their Throats as well as those of Bouton and Tipra They go Naked only covering their Privy Parts and a Blue Bonnet or Cap upon their Heads with Bracelets upon their Ears Arms and Legs The PENINSULA On this side GANGES INDIA on this side GANGES by R. Morden Cancer THis Peninsula is comprehended between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances Northwards from the Estate of the Mogul to Cape Cormorin in the South and on the East and West it is washed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by the Mountains of Gata which stretch themselves from the North to the South with several fair Plains on the top and occasion several Seasons at the same time for many times it is Winter on the one side and Summer on the other It belongs to above fifty Kings the potentest of which by degrees subdueth the rest The Portugals English and Hollanders have several places near the Sea with Fortresses for the security of their Trade which is generally in Spices Jewels Pearls and Cotten-Linen The other places upon the Land are inhabited by the Natives whose Petty Sovereigns not being able to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans
are glad to entertain Commerce with them and to crave their Assistance in their Wars one with another This Peninsula may be divided into four principal parts Decan Golconda Narsingua and Malabar Decan acknowledges Visapour Musopatta Baud. Viziapour Thev for her Capital City which is large but scambling the Kings Palace is vastly big but ill built the Seat of Idalcan or Dialcan a Mahometan King once very powerful He took Dabul from the Portugals besieged Chaâ—l and Goa leading in his Army near two hundred thousand men well provided with Ammunition his Artillery great having as 't is said one particular Cannon that will carry a Bullet of near eight hundred pound weight once tributary to the Mogul but now absolute Tav who has won from him Dultabat of a great Trade and one of the best Fortresses in the Moguls Empire Bider Paranda and other places and built the great and new City of Aureng-abad encompassed with a Lake and adorned with a fair Mosque and stately Monument Goa the Barigaza of old is the residence of the Portugal Viceroy and the King of Portugal's Magazine for the East-Indies and Harbour for their Indian Fleet 'T is reported that the Hospital of Goa is more Beautiful Richer and better accommodated than the Hospital of the Holy-Ghost in Rome or the Infirmery of Maltha The City is very large and though without Gates and Walls yet with its Castles and Forts 't is of great strength and force Their Houses fair their Palaces and publick Buildings very Magnificent their Churches stately and richly adorned Her Strength and Beauty took rise from the Decan Kings from whom Anno 1509 Albuquerque the Victorious Portugal conquered it and after that defended it against 70000 Foot and 3500 Horse which Idulcan brought to reduce it with 'T is the bravest and best defended City in the Orient seated in an Isle called Tilsoar 30 miles in Circuit surrounded by a fresh River streaming from the mighty Mountain Bellaguate The whole Isle so abounding in several little Towns Fields Groves and Gardens replenished with Grass Corn Cattle Fruit Flowers and such self-ravishing Objects that here the Portugals live in all manner of delight and pleasure exceeding Proud and Stately but Civil and Courteous both Sexes given to Venery and the Women excessively amorous of White Men but much confined The King of Visapour hath four good Ports in this Decan Territory Rejapour Dabul Dunga of old first yielded to the Mercy of Andragius Governor of Chaul but soon taken by the Decanees but recovered from them by F. Almeyda and after great Slaughter of the Inhabitants and Rich Spoile burnt the City repaired afterward by the Vice Roy of Goa About the year 1620 taken by an English Captain Hall who made the Daring Portugal know that their Bravadoes to the English were not terrible Choul the Comane of Ptol. teste Cast ravished from the Diadem of Decan by Almeyda in the year 1507. And in the year 1573 it was besieged by Misamoluc the Decan Prince with an numerous Army of Horse Foot and Elephants but he was forced to raise his Siege with Loss and Shame Crapatan and Mengrelia which last is one of the best Roads in all India and is famous for Cardamum the best of Spices and the Dutch have a Factory there The HISTORY of Sevagy Tav Sivagi Thev THe Plundering of Surrat by Sivagy and the desperate Attacks made upon some of our East-India Ships especially that of the President Captain Jonathan Hide Commander in the year 1683 by 1500 of his men in three Ships and four Grabs who were bravely repulsed with a great Slaughter though those brave Men had not the happiness long to enjoy the Honour of that noble Action the Ship being unfortunately cast away coming into the Chanel and all the Men but two lost These and many other of his Actions have given many occasion to inquire what he is and what Country he possesseth This Raja Sivagi born at Bashaim the Son of a Captain of the King of Visiapour's being of a restless and turbulent Spirit rebelled in his Fathers life-time and putting himself at the head of several Banditi and other debauched young men he retired unto the Mountains of Visiapour and made his part good against all those that came to attack him The King of Visiapour thinking that his Father kept Intelligence with him caused him to be arrested and he died in prison Sivigy conceived so great a hatred against the King that he used all endeavours to be revenged of him And in a very short time he plundered Visiapour and with the Booty he took made himself so strong in Men Arms and Horses that he became able enough to seize some Towns viz. Rasapour Rasigar Crapaten Daboul and to form a little State thereabout The King dying about that time and the Queens endeavours to reduce him being unsuccessful she accepted the Peace he proposed to her that he should enjoy the Territories which he had subdued that he should be tributary to the Young King and pay him half his Revenue However he could not rest but plundered some places belonging to the Great Mogul who therefore sent Forces against him under the Conduct of the Governor of Aurenge-Abat But Sivigi having his retreat always in the Mountains and being extreamly cunning the Mogul could not reduce him In the mean time to be revenged on the Mogul he resolved to plunder Surrat which he did for 40 days so that none but the English and Dutch saved themselves by the viperous Defence they made by reason of their Cannon which Siâ—â—â— would not venture upon nor durst he adventure to attack the Caâ—â—le but marched off with the Wealth he got which was reported to be worth in Jewels Gold and Silver to the value of Thirty French Millions which was in the year 1664 when he was 35 years oâ— Age. And the Mogul s Affairs not suffering him to pursue his Revenge upon Sivigy he still continues his Robberies and Pyracies upon all opportunities and occasions Malâ—bar or Malavar is a low Country with a delightful Coast and well inhabited by people that practice Pyracy There is a certain wind which blowing there in winter so disturbs the neighbouring Sea that it rouls the Sand to the mouths of the adjoining Ports so that at that time there is not water for little Barks to enter but in the Summer time another contrary wind is there so violent that it drives back the same Sand and renders the Ports again navigable The great number of Rivers in this Country renders Horses useless especially for War. A Country most part of the year verdant and abounding with Cattle Corn Cotton Pepper Ginger Câ—ssia Cardamum Rice Myrobalans Ananas-pappas Melons Dates Coco's and other Fruits Calecut or Calicut thought to be the Town which Ptol. calls Canthapis an Error of Niger and Bertius Calicaris Herb. is a Town of Trade where the Portugals first setled themselves though not with that success as at Cochin where
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâ—â—y in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâ—ic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comâ—rin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâ—lange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other â—â—liour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâ—gaâ—â—tâ—n which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ— Pâ—licate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duâ—â—h where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâ—lâ—â—da In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qâ—â—te gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâ—slipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
this Tree is so broad and large that it will cover 15 or 20 Men and keep them dry when it rains and the Pitch within the Tree is good to eat and tastes much like to white Bread. There is also the Kettale-Tree which yields a delicious Juice rarely sweet and pleasant to the Palat which they take from the Tree two or three times a day which Liquor they boil and make a kind of Sugar The Cinnamon-Tree grows wild in the Woods as other Trees and by them no more esteemed being as plenty as Hazel in England The Cinnamon is the Bark or Rind which when on the Tree looks whitish when they pull it off they scrape it and dry it in the Sun. The Wood hath no smell 't is of a white colour and soft like Fir. The Leaf much resembles Laurel both in colour and thickness The young Leaves look red like Scarlet if bruised they will smell more like Cloves than Cinnamon It bears a Fruit which is ripe in September much like an Acorn but smaller it neither tastes nor smells like as the Bark but being boiled in Water it will yield an Oil which when cold is hard as Tallow and white and of an excellent smell and 't is used for Ointment for Aches and Pains and to burn in Lamps There is also the Ovula the Fruit whereof they make use of for Physick in Purges and being beat in pieces in a Mortar and soak'd in Water it will Dye a very good Black and rusty Iron lying one Night in the Water will become bright and the Water black like Ink. The Betel-Tree whose Leaf is so much loved and eaten grows like Ivy twining about Trees or Poles which they stick into the ground for it to run up by and as the Betel grows the Poles grow also Of Roots they have Aloes or Inyames of divers sorts some they plant and others grow wild in the Woods These serve for Food and for Sause or a Relish to their Rice some of them in a year or two will grow as big as a Man's Waste others as big as a Man's Arm. They have Herbs of several sorts some in six months growing to maturity the Stalk as high as a Man can reach and being boiled almost as good as Asparagus They have Coleworts Carrots Radishes Fennel Balsam Spearmint Mustard There is also Fern Indian Corn several sorts of Beans Cucumbers Calabassa's and Pumkins And the Dutch have Lettice Rosemary Sage and other European Herbs and Plants which grow well there The Woods are their Apothecaries Shops where with Herbs Leaves and the Rinds of Trees they make all their Physick and Plaisters with which they will make notable Cures Of Flowers they have great variety growing wild as Roses red and white and several other sorts of sweet smelling Flowers one called the Sendric-mal of a murry colour and white which opens at 4 of the Clock in the Evening and shuts at 4 in the Morning which serves them somtimes instead of a Clock The Pichamauls are a white Flower like our Jasmine well scented the King hath a parcel of them every Morning brought to him wrapt in a white Cloth but the Hon-mauls are the chief Flowers the young People use and are of greatest value among them They have Cows Buffaloes Hogs Goats Deer in great abundance Hares Dogs Jacols Apes Tygers Bears Elephants There are Ants of divers sorts some worthy our Remark viz. the Coura-atch which is a great and black Ant living in the ground making great hollow Holes in the earth and have no sting The Vaco's are the most numerous whose hinder part is white and the head red They eat and devour all they come at except Iron and Stone They creep up the Walls of Houses and build an Arch of Dirt over themselves all the way as they climb be it never so high and in places where there are no Houses they will raise great Hills or Humbosses some 5 or 6 Foot high so hard and strong as not easily digged down with Pickaxes within full of hollow Vaults and Arches where they dwell Their Nests are much like Honey-Combs full of Eggs and young Ones As they encrease in multitude so they also dye in multitude for when they come to maturity they have Wings and in the Evening after Sun-set they issue forth in vast Numbers that they almost darken the Sky flying to such a height as they go out of sight and so keep flying till they fall down dead upon the Earth Of the ISLES of SONDE The Isles of SONDA By Rob t Morden The ISLES of SONDE THE Streight of Sonde gives its Name to the Isles of Sumatra Java and Borneo that lie not far from it It is the ordinary passage for Vessels that are bound for China and the more Eastern Seas the Air of these three Islands is very unwholsom nor do they afford those Provisions which the Continent doth The Inhabitants of the Uplands are Pagans of the Sea-Coasts Mahumetans They have several Kings potent as well by Sea as by Land. They afford rich Commodities especially Spices which the Portugals the Hollanders and the most part of the other Nations of the World fetch from thence Sumatra is the most famous Island in all the East for Largeness and Riches For it is 300 French Leagues long and 70 broad having several Mines of Gold. It lies 10 Leagues from the Continent and the Ancients believ'd it to be a Peninsula by reason of the several little Islands that seem to join it to the Land. Six Kings command it the King of Achem best known to us of Camper Iambi Menancabo and Palimban They have so well defended their Island that the Europeans could never get footing on it There is a Mountain that casts forth Flames like Mount Gibel The Pepper of this Island is better than that of Malabar because the Land is more moist They find Gâ—ld in grains and in little pieces after the great Flouds of water The Inland part is inhabited by Barbarians that will eat the Raw Flesh of their Enemies with Pepper and Salt. The City of Achem is the best in the Island it has been better than it is it lies half a League from the Sea upon a Plain by the side of a River as large as the Seine in France but very shallow There is also a Fortress upon the Bank of the River Java governed by several petty Kings every City having one Among the rest the Kings of Japara Tuban Jottan Panarvan Panarucan and Palambuam Many are Pagans some are Mahumetans and the most part acknowledge the great Materan or the Emperor of Materan who formerly claimed the Sovereignty over the whole Island Upon the Coast grow Oysters that weigh 300 pound The Isle produces such large Canes that one alone suffices to make a Boat. It affords excellent Lignum Aloes Salt from Jottan and Gold and Pepper in abundance The Southern Coast is last known It is one of the largest Islands in Asia and for its
Season forsaked those Islands also Amboyna towards the South of the Molucca's gives its Name to some other Isles It is an Island abounding in Cloves for the buying and gathering whereof the English had five Factories the chiefest whereof was at Amboyna the other at Hitto at Larica at Cambillo and Lobo who begun to be rich when on the 11th of February 1622 began the barbarous proceedings of the Dutch against the English where the two Elements of Fire and Water although merciless of themselves by making their Fury more deliberate were here instructed to be more unmerciful whil'st accurate Cruelty did torment even Invention itself to torment the Innocent The Dutch have now several Forts there 'T is their best Colony next to that of Batavia and they have forced the Inhabitants of the Island to trade with no other And here let me Remark how strange and admirable indeed it is That a small Number of Merchants assembled at first upon the single score of Trade should in a few Years presume to make War in Countries so far distant and to assail so many potent Kings and Princes To plant so many Colonies besiege so many Cities and Forts expelling the Portugals in many places surprizing the English encroaching upon all And lastly setting forth so many Navies at such prodigious Charges and Expences of about 12 Millions a year that the most potent Sovereigns of the Universe cannot equalize The End of ASIA Of AFRICA AFRICA by R. Morden AFRICA by the Ancients was called Olympia Hesperia Oceania Coryphe Ammonis Ortygia and Aethiopia By the Greeks and Romans Lybia and Africa By the Aethiopians and Moors Alkebu-lan By the Arabians Ifrichea or Ifriquia by the Indians Bezecath by the Turks Magribon but the most noted Appellation is Africa either from Apher an Hebrew word signifying dust or from Epher or Aphar one of the Nephews of Abraham by the Greek Fablers from Afer a Companion of Hercules by the Arabians from Faruch to divide or separate or from the ancient name of Carthage called Africa By Bochartus from Feruc a Corn Country Scituate it is for the most part under the Torrid Zone the Aequator crossing it in the very middle and therefore by the Ancients supposed unhabitable and parched with the Suns excessive heat But what they knew not and thought almost impossible to be known is now common for the secrets of her deep and remotest Shores are now beaten up and tracted with continual Voyages first by the Portugals and after by the English and Dutch. So that now four famous Seas are known to be the bounds of Africa on the North the Mediterranean on the East the Red Sea or Arabian Gulf on the South the Aethiopian and on the West the Atlantick Ocean so that 't is divided from all the World by Sea except Asia whereunto it is joyned by a narrow Isthmus The whole being formed like a huge Pyramid or Triangle whose largest extent from North to South and from East to West is differently set down by most Geographers though contrary to others I shall state it thus the length from Cape Verde to Cape Guardafuy is 72 degrees of Longitude which is 5256 miles Sanson makes it 80 degree which is 5840 miles 584 miles too much And its breadth from Cape Bon to the Cape of Good Hope is 72 degrees Latitude which makes 5110 miles at 73 to a degree Africa in General stands divided into these Regions or Parts Barbary Fez. Morocco Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoli Barca Aegypt Upper Middle Lower Billedulgerid Tesset Dara Segelomesse Tegorarin Zeb Billedulgerid The Desert of Barca Desert of Sarra Zanhaga Zuenziga Targa or Hair. Lempta Berdoa Gaoga Borno Negroland Guinea Benin Tombotu Biafara 19 Kingdoms in all Aethiopia Superior Aethiopia or Abyssine Nubia Coast of Adel. Zanguebar Coast of Ainan Aethiopia Inferior Congo Monomotapa Caffres The Islands The Canaries Cape Verde Madagascar Malthar with many other smaller Islands The greatest Rivers in Africa are Nilus and Niger The River Nilus is famous for its Greatness and Foecundity it hath anciently had several Names the Hebrews called it Nahar Nachal the Inhabitants Nuchal by the Jews it was called Shichor or Sihor by the Greeks Melas Homer Diodorus Xenophon c. gave it the common Appellation of the Country viz. Egyptus Plutarch calls it Osyris and Syris Apollonius Triton Pliny Astraton Diodorus Aquila Cedrenus Chrysorrhoe Dyonisius Syene The Abyssines style it Abanha the Negroes or Moors Takkui the Inhabitants of Goyame by Report of Sanatius call it Gihon and the Lybians and Africans Nilus It runs many Leagues passes through several Lakes divers Islands and waters the most lovely Vallies in the World. The heads thereof now well known are in Aethiopia Kircher from a Manuscript of one Peter Pais who in company of the Abyssine Emperor in the year 1618 March 21 most accurately searched for it tells us that it rises in the Country of Sahala being part of the Province of Agaos bordering on Goyam whose Source or Spring-head first appears in two Founts seeming perfectly round The Diameter of each about 18 Inches but in depth unfathomable On the top of a Morass or Boggy plain which shaking Plain saith Kircher was once a large open Pool which by length of time contracted a Filme or Crust of Earth made more substantial and firm by the growing and spreading of Grass and other Dust and Slime Concerning this see more in the Description of Aethiopia The Cataracts or Falls upon the confines of Aethiopia and Aegypt And the Mouths that oft throw themselves into the Sea below Aegypt where the Ancients have made seven some nine and the Moderns four But now there are but two when there is no inundation Damiata and Rosetta Whatsoever was or is the Number of the Ostiaries of Nile ancient and modern Authors as well as Maps differ among themselves for Pomponius Strabo Diodorus and Herodotus make seven others with Ptolomy nine viz. the Heraclean called also the Canopean and Naueratian the Bolbitian Sebennitian Pathmetian by Strabo Fatnian by Herodotus in his Euterpe Bucolian the Mendesian the Tanitian and the Pelusian The other two were the Dialcos and the Pinaptimi to which some add two more William of Tyre who had exactly search'd the Number of them upon the place assures us there were no more but four To reconcile these Differences give me leave to note that when this River overflows the Country it then dischargeth itself into other Chanels which remain dry all the rest of the year and then it is restrained to those four which were then the natural branches now said to be but two when there is no Inundation viz. Damiata and Rosetta by which its Waters flow regularly into the Sea. The Water has a foecundating Virtue and peculiar quality to fatten the Land so that by its yearly inundation which begins about the middle of June and ends the beginning of September Aegypt is made exceeding fruitful for it not only produceth a Harvest
then two or three Alfaqui's or Priests examine the Candidate and being found deserving they grant him Testimonials of his willingness and abilities to be an Alfaqui and this is all the Education and Orders bestowed upon their Priests The Moors season of Prayers is five times in 24 hours The first is about Noon the second about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon the third at the going down of the Sun the fourth a little within Night the fifth a little before day in the Winter In their Addresses to these Holy Celebrations the Moors use great tokens of Reverence being very careful by washing c. in sitting themselves for the Giamma And here give me leave to hint what some of these Men which we count Barbarians have animadverted That the irreverent Carriage in Holy Places and sawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities by some of us Christians are great Reproaches to our Religion and often by them resented with Anger and Indignation Prayer they style The Key of Paradise and The Pillar of Religion and generally maintain so careful a performance of this publick Duty that no secular Business can detain them from nor any thing divert them at their Devotion As every Cavila have an Alcalib or High Priest chosen by the Alfaquis or Priest who is possessed of the Giamma Gheber or Great Church wherein every Friday which is their Sabbath he expounds some Text of the Alcoran so also every Cavila and Town have a particular Alcaddee from whom they cannot appeal to any other but Alcaddee Gheber or the chief of these Justiâ—ers who is appointed to receive such Appeals and is in constant attendance upon the King or chief Governor The Alcaddees sit in the Gates of the Cavila or some publick place to hear and determine all Cases And the Alcoran being the immutable Rule both of Civil Justice and Religion therefore according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof the Alcaddee frames all his Definitions and Judgments Here 's no intreaguing the Plea with Resolutions Cases Presidents Reports Old Statutes but according to the fresh circumstances of the Fact and the proof of what is alledged Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Moresco Catalogue and the person Convicted thereof without any regard of his Eminence or Quality is certainly stoned to Death For the first Theft the Convict is publickly whipped in the Market For the second he loseth his Hand For the third he dies exquisitely tormented and then exposed to the Birds of Prey All Homicide or killing of a Man by a Man is Capital Usury is totally forbidden by their Law for Mahomet hath made it an irremissible Sin but he that borrows Mony of another wherewith to traffick and gain gives the Lender an equal share of the Profits and it is usual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower till he perceive him frâ—udulent careless or unfortunate Marriage is in so peculiar an Estimation that Mahomed made it the second of his eight Precepts and the Moors are so generally observant of this Commandment that few among them are found to live out of the state of Wedlock if they are able to purchase a Wife Polygamy Concubinage and Divorce are used by them for Mahomed that he might the better complease the loose Humors of his first Sectaries made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences denying nothing to Musselmen that had any sensible compliance with their brutal Affections Of ALGIER A New Map of the Kingdome of ALGIER by Rob. Morden THE Kingdom of Algier is Famous as well for its Riches and Forces as for its Piracies of Christians and its Barbarousness to its Captives It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Mauritania Caesariensis Geographers divide it into five Parts or Kingdoms Telensin Tenes Algier Bugia and Constantina Grammajus tells us That the Turks have established therein twenty Governments whereof ten are upon the Coast and ten within Land To these he also adds ten Divisions more but so intermixed and uncertain that I shall not mention them But I shall proceed to a Description of the five principal Parts aforesaid and first of the Province of Telensin by the Inhabitants called Tremecen from its chief City which is the Timici of Plin. and Ptol. Marmol distant about seven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the decay of the Saracenical Empire it usurped the Majesty of a Kingly Title which tho' much disgraced by being made subject to Abulthasen King of Fez after a Siege of thirty Months yet at last it assumed its Liberty under divers Kings of its own one of which viz. Abdalla shaking off the Spanish Allegiance submitted himself and Kingdom to Solyman the Magnificent It was once a City one of the greatest and fairest of Barbary and very strong for it sustained a Seige of seven years against Joseph the puissant King of Fez and at last forced him to raise it Humain al. One is the Antient Artifiga Sans Cisira Sïga of Ptol. Castaldo in 1535. ruined by the Castilians The Country about it abounds with Figs Oranges Pomgranats and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures Haresgol or Aresgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela. teste Marmol by some Zerfen or Zersen A Roman Colony and Residence of Syphâ—x before he seized the Estate of Mâ—ssiâ—issa It s situation is on a Rock surrounded with the Sea except on the South side once much greater than it is but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of Fez from the Califfs from the Moors from the Castilians and from the Arabs hath reduced it to that small Estate that it is now at under the Government of Algier Oran which the Africans call Tuharan rather Guharan the Nubian Geog. Vaharan is the Cuisa of the Antient Sans The Quiza and Zenitana of Plin. the Buiza of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines in the year 1509. at which time the Spaniards lost but fifty Men killed four thousand Moors redelivered twenty thousand Christian Captives Marsa el Quibir Sans Marzachibar Merc. Mâ—rza Quivir Baud. Portus Magnus of Plin and Mela taken by the Marquess of Comares anâ— 1505. for the Spaniards It is one of the fairest greatest and securest Ports in all Africa Tefezara or Tefesre was the Astalicis or Astacilitis of Ptol. teste Marmol Hubbede or Hubet is the Mniara of Ptol. the Mina of Ant. Marmol Guagida the Lanigara of Ptol. Marmol is the capital City of the Province of Hanghad or Anghad possessed by the Arabs and noted for its Ostriches Beniarax or Beniarasid the Bunobora of Ptol. Sans is the Capital Town of the Province so called it contains twenty five thousand Inhabitants and pays twenty five thousand Ducates of Tribute Calat-Haoara or the Vrbara of old is strong Moascar the Victoria of Ptol. is the Residence of the Governour of the Algerins Batha is the Vaga of old much ruined but Villanov and Mol. tells us That Vaga is now Tegmedel Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous
yielding Fruits Wax Honey and Cattel It s chief City beareth the same Name and by Sanson is the Jol and Julia Caesaria of Plin. Strab. c. seated near to the Sea having a Castle and Palace formerly the abode of its Kings now of its Governours other places are Brisch alias Brexcar the Icosium of Plin. and Mela. Sans But Castal and Molet tell us Icosium is Acor Meliana is on the Mountains so is Beni Abucaed and Guanser the Zabacus of Ptol. which can raise two or three thousand Horse and fifteen or sixteen thousand Foot. Mostagan is the Cartenna of Mela. Ant. and Ptol. Marm. Mazzagran Cast Circilli Etrobio The Government of Algier comprehends likewise that of Couco in the Mountains Built on the top of a Rock whose Governors have often disputed their Liberty with the Deys of Algier These Mountains are two or three days Journey long and their Approaches difficult They yield Olives Grapes and especially Figs which is the Kings principal Revenue As also Iron and Salt-Peter the Plains afford Corn and Cattle The Inhabitants are Bereberes and Azuages well armed and couragious The Metropolis of this Province is Algier or Argier Incolis Gezier the Antient Jol built by King Juba afterwards the Julia Caesaria Plin. teste Marmol But Sanson will have Algier to be the Ruscurian of Plin. the Rusaccurran of Ant. the Rhusuccorae Ptol. But Marmol will have Ruscarar to be Garbele Castaldus will have Algier to be Saldâ—e of Plin. Ant. and Ptol. 'T is one of the richest and best inhabited Cities of all Africa by reason of the Pyracies of the Inhabitants upon the Ocean and Mediterranean It is said to contain fifteen thousand Houses and near as many Gardens round about it abounding with store of pleasant Fruits with their Fountains and other places of delight The Air about Algier is pleasant and temperate the Land hath excellent Fruits as Almonds Dates Olives Raisins Figs some Drugs c. The Plain of Mottia fifteen or sixteen Leagues long and eight or ten broad is so fertile that sometimes it yields an hundred for one and bears twice a year But most of the Inhabitants live by their Pyracy which doth so much enrich the place that Cardinal Ximenes was wont to say That they that could take Argier would find Mony enough in that Town to Conquer all Africa Among the Tombs without the City is remarkable that of the fairest Cava Daughter of Count Julian of Bettica who having been ravished by Rodoric King of the Goths was the cause of the Moors descent into Spain The Emperor Charles the Fifth lost before Argier the fairest Navy he ever had in his life The City of Temendfust or Mansora is about six Leagues from Algier the Iomnium Municipium of Ptol. the Lamnium Ant. teste Sans or Caffen teste Mol. Teddeles or Taddeles twenty Leagues from Algier is the Rusipisis teste Sans Saldae Merc. Cercelle or Sarcelle near Albatel or Sargel is the Rusicibar Ptol. the Rusubiticari Ant. teste Baud. Couco is a separate Kingdom in the Mountains of so difficult access and so strong that it maintains its Liberty said to be the Tubusuptus Ptol. teste Baud. The Province of Bugia lies between the Rivers Major and Sufgemar or Suffegmar the Ampsaga of Mela and Ptol. teste Marmol And hath for its chief City Bugia a large City adorned with many sumptuous Mosques s me Monasteries and Colleges for Students in the Mahometan Law and Hospitals for the Relief of the Poor guarded with a very strong Castle The Igiâ—gili Castal Tabaâ—ra or Tabraca Fazellâ— Baldae M l. Marmol aliis Lubâ—z makes a separate Estate above Bugia and consists only in Mountains of so difficult access that they are scarce forced to pay Tribute Calaa is the Chief Fortress and Residence of their Zâ—que or King. Tâ—zli and Caco de Teleâ—ta are at the foot of the Mountains Necaus is the most pleasant place of all Barbary every House hath its Garden and every Garden is so embellished with Flowers Vines Fruits and Fountains that it seems a Terrestrial Paradise The Baga and Bagaia Divo Augustino Lib. Conc. Vaga Ptol. and Sil. Vaganse Op. Plin. teste Marmol and Vagal Ant. The Province of Constantina hath sometime had its Kings This Province is divided into three Parts or Quarters viz. that of Constantina Bona and Tebessa Constantina which the Moors or Arabians call Cosantina the Antients Cirtha or Cirta Julia which in Roman History was the Residence of many Kings of Numidia as Massinissa and Syphax This Cirta was besieged and taken by Massinissa where Sophonisba the Daughter of Asdrubal Syphax's Queen was who had so many Attractions and Charms that in the same day she was Captive and Wife to Massinissa who that she might not be led in Triumph through Rome poysoned her self It s situation on a Mountain which hath but two Avenues the rest being Precipices makes it strong Bona is the Antient Hippo regius the Bishop's See of St. Augustine ab Africanis Bened Vgneb teste Marmol Vaga Silio Aliis Biserta Vecchia Razamilara teste Baud. Tebessa the Ancient Thereste is said to excel all other Cities in Barbary in three things in the force of its Walls beauty of its Fountains and great number of its Walnut-trees Collo is the Collops Magnus of Ptol. Mabra is the Aphrodium Colonia teste Mol. Castal Stora is the Rusicada of Plin. Ptol. and Mela teste Mol. and Marm. The Genovese have a Fortress in the Isle Tabarca And the French a Bastion between the Isle Tabarca and Magazin called Bastion de France for the security of their Fishing and Commerce These two Provinces of Bugia and Constantina contain the Numidia propria of the Ancients Guzuntina incolis teste Marmol A Country which hath suffered great Changes under the Romans Vandals Moors and afterwards by Barbarossa Of TVNIS THE Kingdom of Tunis was the Native Country of Amilcar Hannibal Asdrubal Mago and Massinissa And Christianism also is beholden to it for the birth of St. Augustine Tertullian St. Cyprian Lactantius Fulgentius The Kingdom of Tunis is divided into four Maritim Governments and three or four Inland ones The Maritim are Biserta Goletta Sousa and Africa The Inland ones are Beija Vrbs Cayroan to which some add a part of Billedulgerid and contains the Africa propria of Old In qua Punica Regna vides Tyrios Agenoris urbem Virg. Lib. 1. Aeneidos The Libyphaenices Liv. Libophaenices Plin. Libophaenicia apud Salustium This City grew from the Ruins of Carthage once formerly Romes great Rivaless and the Capital City of a large Territory first built by Dido Anno Mundi 3070 about an hundred forty and three years before Rome and two hundred and ninety years from the destruction of Troy. Tunis is now one of the fairest Cities in Barbary a place of great Traffick and much frequented affording several good Commodities viz. Saffron Wax Oyl raw and salted Hides hard Soap Variety of Fruits Wool
2. Cyrene once of such Power that it contended with Carthage about their Territories The Birth-place of Eratosthenes Callimachus and Symon of Cyreen who carried our Saviours Cross Now called Carvanna Corene Villano and Cairoan Baud. 3. Berenice on the great Syrtes now Bernicho 4. Herculis Turris erected in honour of Hercules for killing the Dragon and robbing the Orchards of the Hesperides of their golden Apples this Orchard being placed here by Ptolomy by Pomponius in the Atlantick Islands by Virgil and Pliny in Mauritania 5. Alberton of old Paraetonium the Sea-port to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon seated in the midst of a vast sandy Desert as they tell us encircled with a delightful and pleasant Grove watered with wholesome Springs refreshed with a temperate Air shaded with Fruit-bearing Trees whose Leaves were always green This Country is now the thirteenth Calsiliff or Government under the Turkish Bashaw in Egypt called Bonhera or Barca the Southern part whereof is called the Desert of Barca famous for the Temple beforementioned for its Oracle for the Fountain of the Sun for the destruction of Cambyses Army and for the visit of Alexander Rivers I find few but one of same enough for all the rest by Ptolomy called Lathon by Pliny Lethon by the Poets Lethe and feigned to come from Hell and to cause forgetfulness in those that drink it Now Milel teste Marmol Of EGYPT AEGYPT by R. Morden EGypt is bounded on the North with the Mediterranean Sea on the East with the Red-Sea and the Isthmus between the Red-Sea and the Mediterranean on the South with Ethiopia and Nubia on the West with the Lybian Mountains or Deserts of Barca This flourishing Kingdom possest by Mizraim changed her antient Name and became Egypt at such time as Aegyptus or Ramasis the son of Belus having expelled his Brother Danâ—us or Armeus into that part of Greece now called Morea by whom the Argives were made Danai which happen'd 877. years after the Flood in the time of Joshua as St. Augustine conjectureth out of Eusebius This Country by the Jews was called Misraim the Caldeans Misrai the Assyrians Misri the Arabians Mesra the Moors Missir and Babara by the Antient Inhabitants Chemia and Hamia by the Romans Augustanica by Berosus Oceania by Xenophon Ogygia by Herodotus Potamia by Lucian Melambolos alias Milampodus by Homer Hefestia by others Nilea Aeria an Osiria by the Modern Turks El-kebit It is the only Region of Africa that borders upon Asia and though the Air be bad it is the best peopl'd in the World. Nor was it less peopl'd formerly if it be true that in the Reign of Amasis one of their Kings it contain'd above twenty thousand Cities The extraordinary quantities of Corn which it yielded caus'd the Antients to call it the publick Granary of the World. And the plenty or scarcity of the whole Roman Empire was still according to the Harvest of Egypt Nile by the Inundation of his Stream which is full of Nitre gives the Ground this fertility The Plants grow in such abundance that they would choke one another did they not strow the Fields with Sand. The Western part of Nile is more fruitful than the Eastern Besides Corn this Country affords Rice Sugar Dates Senna Cassia Balsom Hides Flax and Linen They know little who say that it rains not there For the ordinary time of Rains and Winds begins in the Month of December or Kijahak and continues till January and February at the Eve of Pentecost in the year 1672. there was Rain at Ros tte and on the 24 of November the Rains fell at Cairo teste F. Vansleb So that it is a great Error to say it never Rains in Egypt besides there are often wet Mists and in all seasons of the year when the Nights are serene there is much Dew that falls but when the Nights are cloudy there is no Dew To this day also Egypt shews us Pyramids Obelisques Labyrinths and other Works of the Antient Kings raised at an incredible expence to testifie their Puissance and to employ their people The Statue of Memnon was there formerly most remarkable as also the Pharos near Alexandria In the Lake Meris is said to be seen the place where the Labyrinth stood wherein they say There were above thirty three hundred Rooms Mommies which are frequent in this Country are nothing but the Bodies of dead Men embalmed and buried in Vaults carefully provided for that purpose where they keep entire two or three thousand years About five Miles from Cairo as one Stephen Dublies reports being an eye witness there is a place in which on every Good-friday there appears a great many Heads and Legs of Men rising out of Ground By late Relations 't is said to be only a Trick of the Water-men to get Money The Palm-trees may be reckoned among the Rarities of Egypt they grow in couples Male and Female and do not fructifie but by coiture the Fruit it bears is known by the name of Dates in taste much like Figs and all its parts are of several uses as the Pith for a Sallet the Husk of the Cod for Cordage the Leaves for Fans Feathers c. Egypt at the beginning had Native Kings who governed their Subjects with a free and unlimited Authority and till the Government of Psammenitus Son of Amasis who rul'd in the year of the World 3454 were all called by one general Sirname or Title of Pharaoh being a Name of Dignity as with us the Name of Emperor or King. But tho' Egypt hath been always of old governed by Kings yet the Royal Seats have been changed The first Royal Seat we read of was Tanis where was Pharaoh's Court and where God performed great Wonders Thebes also was the Royal Seat. Then Memphis which was the Seat of the Kings of the Race of Coptus till Nebuchadonozer sacked it Alexandria where the Greek Kings resided for nine hundred years till the Arabians took Egypt and made Fostat near old Cairo the Metropolis After Giauher had built Cairo about the year of the Hegira 362 he made that the Royal Seat which continues to this time The Egyptians were antiently Heathens almost every City had a God to adore Abusir or the old Busiris worshipped a Calf Alexandria the antient Racotis adored a Serapis of Stone Achmin the old Panos acknowledged Apollo Bana worshipped a Dog Bassa or the old Bubastis had for a God a Lion of Stone Eida adored a Serapis Ischemunein or the antient Hermepolis worshipped a Man of Stone Isvan called by the Copties Sâ—van reverenced the Tree Lebaca Cous worshipped the Moon and Stars Mindadi the Fig tree of Pharaoh Memphis a Calf Atrib or the old Atribis adored a Calf of Stone Semenant which is the antient Sebennis worshipped a Calf of Brâ—ss Sa a Hog of Stone Tuba had respect for the Water according to an old Manuscript in Arabick Cambyses the Son of Darius in the year of the World 3454 was the first that made
discover the admirable Secrets of this Science and to unfold the Aenigmas under which it lies hid Egypt is generally divided into four parts Thebais now Sahid or upper Egypt Bechria or Demesor otherwise middle Egypt Errif or the lower Egppt and the Coast of the Red-Sea Some make only two Divisions the Upper and the Lower following the course of Nile But at present Egypt is also divided into Twelve Caciefs Sangiacutes or Governments Jaques Albert reckons thirteen Kossuffs or Provincial Jurisdictions viz. Girgio or Sahid Manselout Benesuef Fiam Gize Bouhera or Baera Garbia Menousia Mansoura Kallioubich Minio Cherkeffi and Kattia But the Divan or Council of Gran Cairo will not allow Kattia to be numbred with the rest F. Vansleb tells us There are thirty six Caciefs or petty Governors Strabo of old divided it into thirty seven Parts by the Greeks called Monoi Ptolomy enlarged it to forty and Herodotus reduced it to twenty eight But thirty seven seems most agreeing to the mysterious Temple or Labyrinth on the South side of the City of Alexandria near the Lake Mereotis and adjoyning to the Sepurchers of King Meris and his Wife in the midst whereof were thirty seven Palaces belonging to the thirty seven Jurisdictions of Egypt whereof ten in Thebaes ten in Delta and seventeen in the middle Region unto which resorted the several Presidents who had there their particular Temples to celebrate the Festivals of their Gods. There were also fifteen Chapels containing each a Nemesis to advise of Matters of Importance concerning the General Welfare Among the Cities Caire is call'd the Great in respect of the advantages which it has above all the Cities of Africa It is three Leagues Lower and upon the opposite side to that place where stood the antient Memphis The Castle which is built upon the rising ground has the noblest prospect and enjoys the best Air in the World. It is one of the largest and most Magnificent and counted the strongest that ever was contrived But the last relation of 1627 says it hath lost much of its antient Splendor and it is not now of any strength It is not of Marble as some relate but beautifi'd with several pieces of Mosaic work In the Castle Gun-powder is made in two Rooms in each of which are twelve Pewter Morters with Iron Pestles to pound the Ingredients which receive their motion from a long Pole that answers to a Bâ—am that stands in the middle of a Chamber which a Horse turns round The Water of Nile is convey'd thither by an Aqueduct of a hundred and fifty Arches The Inhabitants of Caire must needs be very numerous it being averr'd that in the year 1618 there dy d above six hundred thousand People of the Pestilence and yet there was no miss of the Inhabitants And our Author tells us That the Archbishop of Mount Sinai told him That the Plague of 1671 or 1672 had swept away 680000 poor Persons but of the richer sort scarce four hundred were dead In short they say it contains two hundred thousand Houses eighteen thousand considerable Streets and is in Compass about twenty five or thirty Leagues But then you must take in the Old as well the New Caire Festat Babylon Charaffat and the Boulac that joyns to it For the New Caire it self is not so big as Paris The People ride in the Streets upon Asses as we make use of Sedans not but there are Horses in Egypt but the Turks have introduc'd this Custom to preserve the Horses for themselves The Inhabitants of Caire make those fair Carpets which we call Turkie Carpets Five Miles South East of the Pyramids and two from the Nilus West stood the Regal City of Memphis the Strength and Glory of old Egypt where was the Temple of Apis and the sumptuous Temple of Vulcan Here stood the Fane of Venus and that of Serapis A City once adorned with a World of Antiquities but now the Ruins are almost ruinated Besides the Pyramids and the Mummies which are about six Leagues from Caire all Travellers are curious to see Josephs Well and his Granaries About two Leagues also from Caire is to be seen the Matarea Ma-Tarca or retiring place of the Virgin with a Fountain which together with that at Caire is the only Spring Water of Egypt But the Plant or Balm trees which bears the true Balsom and which was brought from the Holy Land by the care of Cleopatra and the permission of Antony is quite lost As also the Sycamore Tree which split in two to hide our Lord Jesus Christ and his most Holy Mother when the Soldiers of Herod persued them Sahid formerly Thebes Diospolis Heliopolis D. Siculo Solis Oppidum Plin. which had a hundred Gates was the Residence of the Egyptian Kings who afterwards remov'd to Alexandria thence to Memphis and lastly to Caire The Modern Relations call this City Gergio and make it the Residence of a Basha affirming that only the Province bears the Name of Sahid called Hecatompylos and in the Coptâ—es Dictionaries Antinoe and Thebes now Insine teste Vansleb Its Mountains and Islands are as great Curiosities as any in Egypt As also the Pillar of Marcus Aurelius and the Arch of Triumph and the Hieroglyphick Cave where the Colours of the Figures are very beautiful and lively during so many Ages passed Now Minio teste Sanson Alexandria Scanderic Turcis Arahibus Hebraeis No built by Alexander the Great was formerly one of the best Cities in all Africa next to Carthage where the Ptolomies and Cleopatra kept their Courts It was adorned with many stately Edifices the most famous whereof were the Serapian which for the curious Workmanship and stateliness of Building was not inferior to the Roman Capitol The Library of Ptolomy Philadelphus founded the year after the Creation of the World 3704 or by others 3â—80 is said to contain 400000 or as others write 700000 Volumes The Obelisks full of Egyptian Hieroglyphicks of a vast bigness and of an intire Stone When this City was subject to the Romans it contributed to them more in one Month than Jerusalem in a whole year Formerly the Tower of Pharos stood not far from it one of the seven Wonders of the World. The Pillar of Pompey leans on one side occasioned by the Arabians digging and under-mining of it in searching for a great Treasury hid under it as they believe The City enjoys a small Trade to this day by reason of its two Ports or Havens and is the Seat of a Patriarch St. Mark and St. Catherine have render'd it famous in Ecclesiastical History and in the Deserts of St. Macarius where were reckon'd to be above three hundred Monasteries which lie to the West of it But now of all those Monasteries there are but two remarkable that of the Syrians and Amba Biscioâ— Damietta by the Arabians Damiat Tamiatis or Tamiathis teste Guilandino about eight Miles from the mouth of Nilus Next to Cairo it is the greatest most beautiful
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâ—lâ—ta affords Millet Genehâ—a is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ— the Garamanâ—es is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâ—â—râ—g considerable for its â—rade Zâ—nfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâ—s and is so called from the abundance of Mâ—leguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin 〈…〉 Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâ—ssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
that they hold the holy Ghost to proceed from the Father only and not from the Son. That they hold the Soul of Man not to be created because they say God perfected all his Work on the Sixth Day They think it therefore drawn from the Matter but Immortal They hold likewise some other Errors On their Eleventh of January which to us is the Sixth of the same Month and the Feast of the Epiphany the Habessines in memory of the Baptism of our Saviour which they hold with many of the Antients to have been for certain on that day keep a joyful Festival all of them just at break of day before the rising of the Sun going into Ponds and Rivers and there dipping and sporting themselves This Custom having given occasion to some to affirm That they were baptized anew every year They begin the Year on the Calends of September with the Grecians Armenians Russians and other Oriental Christians for they believe as many of the Antients have asserted that the World was made in the Autumnal Equinox If any discord arise betwixt Man and Wife so that they cannot be reconciled the Kings Judges dissolve the Marriage and they are free to marry again As we have mentioned before the King of Habessinia's unparallell'd absoluteness in Temporals so our Author says That the chief Ecclesiastical Power is in him so that all things of Jurisdiction only some small Causes excepted are Determined by the Kings Judges Nor do the Clergy enjoy any Ecclesiastical Immunity or Priviledge in Courts of Judicature but undergo correction from Secular Judges as mere Layicks Our Author tells us That the Habessines have few Books but those of Sacred Things That they have no written Laws but judge all Right and Wrong according to the Custom and Manner of their Ancestors Physick he says is wholly neglected by them They cure Men by Burning and Cutting as they do Horses They cure the Jaundice by burning a Semicircle about the joynt of the Arm with a crooked Iron putting on the place a little Cotton and so letting the vitious Humor distil from it till the Distemper be gone They cure Wounds with Myrrh which is there mighty common They look upon it as an egregious Fable for any Man to assert that the Earth is a round Globe suspended of it self in the midst of the Air. He tells us they eat raw Flesh or such as is but half-boil'd and use Gall as a sauce That they take Herbs half digested out of the Bellies of Cows and Oxen kill'd and seasoning them with Salt and Pepper they make a sort of Mustard which much gratifies their Palate CONGO by Robt. Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil LONDON COngo is very temperate for the Rains and the Winds asswage the heat which is insupportable in the neighbouring Countries Nor has Africa any Province more interlaid with Rivers The Zair which is the chief of them is very considerable for the Rapidity and depth of its Stream The Inhabitants of Congo have Mines of Gold but they only make use of Shells for Money They for the most part owned themselves Christians or Catholicks by the Example of their Kings In or about the year 1640 at what time the Capuchins had made a great progress there in Preaching which nevertheless did not succeed according to expectation for being never well grounded in any solid Principles they soon abandoned the name and Profession The Portugals bring from thence Ivory and Slaves For which reason they have settled themselves in the Royal City which is called St. Salvador and in that of St. Paul in the small Island of Loanda this was since seiz'd upon by the Dutch which is very level seven Leagues long and one and a half broad where they get fresh Water by digging holes in the Sand. The Portugals keep Garrisons in the Forts of Massagan and Cambambe in the Kingdom of Angola for the preservation of their Silver Mines And here it is that they rendevouz their Slaves appointed for Brasile The Males only have the right of Succession in this Kingdom and all the Land belongs to the King whom they call Mani Learning is so little esteemed among the Congolans that when Emanuel King of Portugal sent to their King all the fairest Books of the Law he could meet with and several Doctors to expound them he sent the Doctors back and ordered the Books to be burnt saying That they would only confound and disorder his Subjects Brains who had no need but only of Reason and Common Sense however that he would continue no less the King of Portugals Friend Under the name of Congo are also comprehended the Kingdoms of Angola Cacongo and Malemba the Ansicains who rememble our Biscainers and the Brama's or Loanghi But neither these Kingdoms nor People acknowledge the King of Congo as formerly they did The King of Angola styles himself grand Soba his chief City is Cambazza Enguze or Donge His Subjects are so in love with Dogs Flesh that they breed up whole Flocks together and one well-fed Dog is sometimes sold among them for two hundred Crowns They are excellent in nothing but in shooting in a Bow. For they will discharge twelve Arrows before the first shall be fallen to the Ground They believe The Sun to be a Man and the Moon a Woman and the Stars to be the Children of that Man and that Woman The Empire of MONOMOTAPA and the Coast of Cafres THE Country which bears the name of Cafreria is the most Southern part of all Africa and indeed of all our Continent along the Ethiopick Sea part in the Torrid part in the temperate Zone extending about twelve hundred Leagues upon the Coast It is full of Mountains subject to great colds and under several petty Kings the most part of which pay Tribute to the Emperor of Monomotopa The King of Sofala which was part of the Aegisymba of old pays also to the King of Portugal who keeps a Garison in the Castle of Sofala and by that means gets good store of Gold from the Mines which are up in the Country And that Gold is esteem'd the best in the World From whence Vertomannus Volaterranus and from them Ortelius labour to perswade the World how that this was Ophir And David Kemchi a learned Rabbi places Ophir in South Africa yet Josephus St. Hierome and many more are of opinion that Ophir was part of the East Indies whose distance and great plenty of Gold best agrees with a three years Voyage They take it up sometimes out of the Rivers in little Nets after it has rain'd The Coast of Cafreria lies low and full of Woods but the Soyl produces Flowers of a most pleasing scent and the Trees afford a lovely prospect Three great Rivers fall into the Indian Sea out of Cafreria Every one of which is known at the head by the name of Zambera The most Northerly is call'd Cuama the middlemost Spirito Sancto and the Southermost Los Infantes The Cafres live
under no Law nor Religion as their name imports Herbert tells us That during the time he staid amongst them he saw no signs of any knowledge of God no spark of Devotion no symptom of Heaven or Hell no place set apart for Worship no Sabboth for Rest Many of them will steal with their Feet while they stare ye in the Face They sell their Cattel to the Seamen that come into those parts But they are forc'd to tie the Oxen to Trees and to put the Sheep in Pens before they pay them for else upon a peculiar whistle the Cattle will run after them and leave the Purchaser in the lurch In Complexion they are like our Chimney Sweepers Besides they have great Heads flat Noses whither it be that they are press'd in their Infancy or because that their Mothers carry them at their backs against which they may be subject to knock them Their Hair is frizl'd their Lips extraordinary big their Back Bone very sharp their Hips large so that there can be nothing seen more ugly The Cape of good Hope which lies in the most Southern part of this Country is the most famous the longest and the most dangerous Cape in the World. It was so call d because that being once past that the Seamen had some hopes to arrive quickly at the East Indies Formerly it was call'd the Cape of Whirle-winds or Tempests which much annoy'd those Seas Some call it the Lyon of the Sea others the Head of Africa There are certain signs to know when you are near it For within fifty or sixty Leagues the Sea is full of the bodies of thick Reeds that float upon the Water and the white Birds with black Spots make their appearance The Mouth of the Bay to the East of the Cape is five Leagues broad encompassed with sharp Rocks The Air is temperate and the neighbouring Valleys are full of Herbs and Flowers Their Rivers abound in Fish their Woods in Venison and Bees The Natives that cloath themselves with the Skins of these Beasts are very swift but brutes in their eating and when they speak they gobble like Turkie Cocks The Hollanders have built a Fort there a League from which they have a fair and handsome Town all sorts of Grain there out of Asia or Europe thrive better than in other parts The Cafres are black because they rub themselves with a Grease or Ointment composed of several sorts of Drugs to preserve themselves from being Hydropical they have great knowledge of Simples and have cured several of the Dutch of Ulcers and old Wounds which were past the skill of their own Chyrurgeons Monomotopa is almost environ'd by Cafreria It bears the name of the King. It is very fertile abounding in Ivory and so rich in Gold that the King is call'd the Golden Emperor The Inhabitants who are very superstitious have no other Arms than Pikes Bows and Arrows But they are so swift that they will run as fast as a Horse The common People wear nothing above their Wastes and for the Maids they go stark naked so that a Man may choose his Wife according to the Custom of the Vtopian Common-wealth A Relation made in the year 1651 Reports that the King of Monomotopa was baptiz'd with all his Court by the Jesuits The King himself is generally trick'd with Bracelets and Pretious Stones like a Bridegroom nor will he ever wear any Foreign Stuffs for fear they should be poison'd Unless it be the T'wist the Coller and his Buskins of which he has liberty to change the Fashion he is obliged in other things to follow the Fashion of his Predecessors by the Laws of his Kingdom 'T is reported that for his usual Guard he has a Regiment of Women and another of Dogs and that those Women in War do as much service as Men. He gratifies the Princes which are his Tributaries with a present of Fire every year as a mark of his acknowledgment Mono Emugi is a potent Kingdom to the North of Monomotopa The Giaques otherwise call'd Galles and Chava's are neighbours to one another and are famous for their Valor and for the Victories they have got over the Abassins in the Upper Ethiopia The COAST OF Zanguebar and Aien by Robt. Morden ZANGVEBAR call'd by the Antients Barbary is a large Coast in the Eastern part of Africa which extends it self all along the Indian Sea on this side and beyond the Equator The Natives are Idolaters under divers Sovereigns They give their minds to Trade as well as the Arabians and Mahumetans that are among them The Southern part chiefly bears the name of Zanguebar which contains the small Kingdoms of Mozambique Quilâ—a Mombaza and Melinda The Northern part is call'd Ayen and sometimes New Arabia It comprehends the Dominions of Brava Magadoxo Adea and Adel. In Mozambique lies the best place that the Portugals have in all those quarters For they possess a very strong Castle in the Island of that Name about half a League long where their Ships stay for seasonable weather to carry them to the East Indies The Port is upon the Northside of the City and you must leave two Islands upon the left hand as you enter into it It would be better inhabited but the Air is very unwholesome Quiloa lies in the same Peninsula The King thereof was the first in Zanguebar that became Tributary to the Portugals In Quiloa are a most excellent sort of Hens though their Flesh their Feathers and their very Bones be black Mombaze lies in an Island and upon a Rock under 3d 50 m. South was subdued to the Crown of Portugal by Almeyda in the year 1505. Sometimes the Portugals Winter there for Provisions are very plentiful and cheap The entrance into the Port is so narrow and so rocky that in some places there is not room for above one Ship to enter The Estates of Lamon and Pate are under the Government of Melinda The Coast of Ajan contains the Republick of Brava is a small Common-wealth with a City built according to the Fashion of the Moors It has usually paid a small Tribute to the Portugals Magadoxo is under a King of their own and the Natives are Mahumetans To Adea belongs a very good Port call'd Barraboa Adel whose chief City is Arat obeys a King who is an enemy to the Abissines Barbora and Zeila are places of great Trade by reason of the conveniency of their Ports towards the entry into the Red Sea. Zeila was the Aralites of Plin. Ptol. and Steph. the Emporium of the Trogloditicae teste Mol. Zocotora Isle well known to former Ages to some by the name of Dioscorida thought to be the Topazo of Pliny by the Turks Catuchomer by the Persians Cabar by the Spaniards Acebar Ramusio Curia Muria aliis Alba Curia incolis Abbadal Curia is situated at the Mouth of the Red-Sea sixty Miles long and twenty four broad which though defective in most necessaries for life yet it hath plenty
in the year 1486 was by them rejected who therefore sent his Brother to King Henry the Seventh of England which Messenger whether being taken Prisoner by Pyrates and detained along while or deferred at Court after his Address we find not certainly related but true it is that in the mean time Christopher Columbus conceiving the offer of his service neglected apply'd himself to the Court of Spain where after six years attendance he was at last furnished with three Ships only for discovery with which he sailed upon the Ocean more than sixty days and could see no Land so that the Spaniards began to mutiny and Columbus was forced to promise to return again if they could not see Land in three days time when toward the end of the third day one of 〈◊〉 pany descried Fire The place discovered was an Island on the Coast of Florida by the Natives called Gunahani now Salvador where landing his Men he took possession of this New World for Ferdinando King of Arragon and Isabella his Wife Queen of Castile October 11 1402. After whom John Cabâ—â— a Venetian in behalf of King Henry the Seventh of England in the year 1497 discovered all the North East Coast thereof from Cape Florida to the South beyond Newfoundland in the North causing the Royalers to turn Homagers to that King and to the Crown of England Next after him succeeded Americus Vespusius a Florâ—ntine employed by Emanuel the King of Portugal Anno 1501. upon a design of finding out a nearer way to the Moluccos than by the Cape of good Hope who though he passed no further than the Cape of Augustine on the Coast of Brasil yet from him this Country is called America As for this vast Tract of Ground in general it has the advantage of being temperate and fruitful by reason of its great and fair Rivers and the fresh Breezes that blow in the Torrid Zâ—â—e whereby we find that the cause of violent or remiss heats does not always proceed from the nearness or distance of the Sun but many times from the Situation of the place the disposal of the Mountains or Lakes the Quality of the Soil and the Nature of the Winds that blow The wealth of America is so vast that Spain has drawn and still draws from thence prodigious quantities of Gold and Silver and the Mines of Potasi have furnished him with many Millions There are no Treasures comparable to those related to be found in possession of Attabalippa and Guimacapa Kings of Peru and to the precious Houshold-stuff of the City of Cusco It was no extraordinary thing in the Reigns oâ— those Kings to behold Temples all plated with Silver and to see Houses covered with slates of Gold. The Spaniards affirm that their Kings Revenue amounts to above twelve Millions yearly by means of the Impositions which he lays upon goods transported thence as Gold Silver Pearls Emraulds Skins Sugar Tobacco Cochenille Sarsa-parilla Ginger and other things The first expence upon the discovery of America came but to fifteen thousand Ducats which were advanced to Columbus by the Spanish Secretary of State and not taken out of the Treasuries of the King. As for the Original of this People it is most probable that they did descend from the Tartars if so be that the West side of America be continent with Asia or disjoyned but by a very small strait as 't is described in some Maps But from whatsoever Root they did first come certain it is that they had setled here many Ages since and overspread all the parts and quarters of this large Continent But their numbers are much wasted since the Spaniards discovery for some Authors affirm that they put to death above fifteen Millions of Natives in less than fifty years and that the blood of those that perished in the Mines where they were forced to labour weighed more than all the Gold and Silver drawn from thence At the first Arrival of the Spaniards they found the People naked reasonably fair and clear little inclining unto that blackness which is natural to most of the Africans and to some of the Asiaticks that inhabit under the same Clime Ignorant they were of all things they had not seen wondering exceedingly at the Spaniards Ships and Horses and strangely admired to see them know the Health and Affairs of one another by reading a Letter yet 't is reported the Mexicans had some knowledge of the Deluge that they believed the Soul could not die and the Body should revive that those that lived honestly and justly or offered up their Lives for defence of their Country should find a place of everlasting peace and happiness So natural is the knowledge of the Souls Immortality and of some Vbi for the future reception of it They have as many Languages as Towns which may be the reason we have so little knowledge of their Original They are naturally active swift Runners and good Swimmers The Mexicans and Pernans were the only Americans that lived in Cities which Cities though founded by People which we call Savages were no way inferior to ours in Europe either for bigness or Magnificence The Spaniards possess the largest the richest and the most fertile Provinces among the rest Mexico and Peru formerly two famous Kingdoms the first Elective the other Hereditary and claim it all as their right by virtue of the donation of Pope Alexander the Sixth in the year 1493. But the other Nations would not give their consent The Portugueses have the Coast of Brasil The French have their Colonies in Canada in several Islands and upon the firm Land. The English are fairly seated all along the Coast of North America and in the Islands And of late the Dutch have gotten many places on the Continent and on the Islands For so rich a Prize could not be kept by the Spaniards who hoped indeed to have had a Monopoly of so wealthy a Country and to have enjoyed without a Rival the possession of so fair a Mistress The Seas that compass this Continent are on the East that commonly called the North Sea or Mar del Nort on the West the South Sea or Mar del Zur and on that part which hides its self under the Pole of the Erymanthean Bear to the South of the Straits of Magellan the North and South Seas meet and embrace together dividing it as is supposed from either Pole. Divided it is into two great parts or Peninsula's by the Isthmus of Panama viz. Mexicana on the North and Peruana on the South Of Peruviana or South America THIS Part of the two great Peninsula's into which the vast Continent of the New World doth now stand divided extends it self from about the twelfth Degree of the Equator North unto the four and fiftieth Southerly and is now by Geograghers divided into these Kingdoms or Parts viz. Castella del Or by some called Terra Firma Guiana The Amazons Peru Chili Brasil Peraguay or La Plata and Terra Magellanica It s
narrowest part about one League over The Water deep no ground with forty fathom of Line At the Mouth of the entrance it was high Water at eight of Clock on the Full Moon and on the Change. The distance between the first and second Narrow is about ten Leagues and in breadth about six Leagues The second Narrow is about three Leagues in length and four or five Miles broad in which were Queen Elizabeths Island upon which were seen thirty Indians St. Georges Island St. Bartholomews Island c. About Port Famine the Hills are very high and covered with Snow but the Land towards the Water side was lower and full of good Timber Trees In Fortiscus Bay or Port Gallant Water floweth ten Foot and 't is high Water about ten of the Clock on the Full Moon About Cape Munday was observed sixteen or seventeen Degrees Variation and is about thirteen Leagues from Cape Desire The English went up Segars River by Boat about nine Miles and two by Land but could see no Inhabitants From Cape Blanko to the Lizard the difference of Longitude was found to be 60d 45 m 5 / 10 and Meridian distance eight hundred and forty Leagues The West Entrance of the Streights of Magellan is 5â— d of South Lat. and the East Entrance lies in 52d 20 m The length is an hundred and ten Leagues The breadth in some places two Leagues in others not two Miles over and is famous for the passage of Magellan Drake Cavendish Oliver Van North Scouton c. There is another passage between the South Sea and the Atlantick Ocean call'd Fretum le Maire found out in the year 16â—5 much more convenient than the former being about ten or twelve Leagues of length and breadth and then a large Sea formerly supposed to be Terra Australis or Terra Incognita That of Brewers discovered in the year 1643 hath the same advantages as that of La Maire CHILI and PARAGAY by Robt. Morden CHili bears the name of one of her Valleys though some say it is so called by reason of the cold weather in the Mountains which inviron it toward the North and East The difficulty of passing through these Mountains obliges the Spaniards to go by Sea when they have business at Chili They have possessed it ever since the year 1554 at which time they conquered it under one of the Almagres In some parts of this Country the Soil is so fertile and pleasant that no part of all America more resembles Europe It yields Ostriches Copper the finest Gold in the World and there are so many Mines that Chili is reckon'd but one plate of Gold which makes the King of Spain take more than ordinary care for its preservation So that it costs him more to defend that place than all the rest of America The cold is however so excessive that Almagre lost more Men and Horses by the Cold than by the Sword at the end of four Months after he invaded it the Inhabitants found some of his Horsemen that were dead and sate in a living posture as fresh as if they had but newly taken Horse Their Rivers run only in the day being frozen all the night long notwithstanding there are several Mountains that cast forth Fire The Spaniards have a Governor there who is under the Vice-Roy of Peru. The Savages being governed by their Captains The Arauques above all the rest made such a resistance that the Spaniards were forced to make a Peace with them in the year 1641. In all America there are no people more Valiant or more Warlike than those Arauques They know how to make Swords Muskets and Cuirasses as also how to range themselves in Battel to fight retreating to encamp to advantage to fortifie and to use Stratagems all which they learn by having seen but once They have often surpriz'd and ruin'd Cities massacred Garisons and demolished the Fortresses Araucho Puren and Tu-Capel In short an Arauque will not be afraid at any time to encounter a Spaniard St. Jago La Conceptio and Imperiale are the principal Cities of Chili La Conceptio is the Residence of the Governor by reason of the neighbourhood of the Arauques Valparaiso is an excellent Port for the City of Saint Jago Mocha five Leagues from the Continent is a little Island upon the Coast where the Ships oft-times take in fresh Water and whither many of the Inhabitants retired from the cruelty of the Spaniards La Sarena taken and fired by the Buccaniers It had seven Churches and one Chappel the Houses neatly furnished In the Gardens were Strawberries as big as Walnuts At Isle de Juan Fernandez in Latitude 3â— d 40 m neither Fowl nor Fish At El Guasco the Buâ—caniers got store of Sheep and Goats Lat. 28d 40m. Near Point St. Helena is a Rock which runneth into the Water for half a Mile distant about eight Leagues called Chanday where many Ships are lost Of Paraguay Rio de la Plata THE Name of Pâ—ata is common to the Country and to a great River that waters it 't was given there â—nto in consideration of the Mines and the Silver which they first got from thence The Country is very pleasant and delightful for it abounds in Corn Vineyards Fruit-trees and Cattel in abundance Assumption is the chief Place in the Country where the Spaniard keeps a Garison near to which is a great Lake in the midst whereof is a great Rock said to be two Fathom above the Water The true Paraguay lies towards the head of the River that bears the same name which in our Language signifies the River of Feathers Parana lies along by the River side wherein there are Cataracts or falls of Water above a hundred Cubits high Buenos Aires is one of the best Colonies by reason of its Commerce with Brasil from whence it receives the Merchandizes of Europe Which is the reason that invites the Spaniards thither from Potosi to exchange their Ingots for such necessaries as they want notwithstanding the rigorous Prohibitions of their King whose duties are lost by that means Chaco is a fruitful Country interlaced with many Rivers The Tobares were about fifty thousand and a valiant People The Chiraguanes will not suffer the Spaniards to live amongst them In this Country grow great Trees of which the Natives make Boats all of a piece They mark out their High-ways by the sellings of their Trees and in regard these Trees are some black some green some red some yellow the Forests afford a pleasant prospect The Orochons are remarkable for the bigness of their Ears According to the relations of the year 1627. there are in Plata a more civiliz'd People and more capable to learn our Arts and our Religion than in all the other parts of America For they say that according to a Tradition delivered to their Fathers by Saint Thomas whom they call St. Sume certain Priests shall come into their Country and instruct them in the way of their Salvation Tuâ—uman
Forests that the pleasantness of their Fruits the Verdure of their Herbs and the beauty of their Flowers give refreshment and delights to the Inhabitants all the year long That 't is a Country fertile in Grains rich in Pastures full with Rivers and Lakes stored with delicate Fish and Tortoise that their Honey is Medicinal their Balm excellent for Wounds that they have inexhaustible quantities of Ebony and Brazil store of Cacoa and Tobacco plenty of Sugar Canes and Rocon for the dying of Scarlet besides Gold Silver and other Metals which are found there That they observed an hundred and fifty different Nations upon and about the Banks of the Amazone of which the Homagues are excellent for their Manufactures of Cotton Cloath The Corosipares for their Earthen Vessels The Sarines for their Joynery Work. The Topinamubes for their power As for the Amazonian Women from whence it is pretended this River took its name many and strange Relations have been writ of them All I can find of it is that when the Inhabitants were in Arms at the arrival of the Spaniards there were some Women so couragious as to be amongst them but never any Country of such and therefore as fabulous as those of whom the Greeks have formerly writ such wonders Of PERV PERV is a name so remarkable that under the same many times all the other parts of Southern America are comprehended It lies almost all under the Torrid Zone and yet it has not the qualities of the Countries in our Hemisphere that lie under the same Zone There are in it three sorts of Countries very different the one from the other the Plain the Hill and the Andes The Plain lies near the Sea nothing delightful being sandy and subject to Earthquakes The hilly Country consists of Vallies Hills and Mountains where it is very cool The Andes where it almost continually rains are very high Mountains yet fertile and well peopled The Plain is not above twelve Leagues broad the Hilly Country twenty and the Andes as broad as that So that under the name of Peru are comprehended more Lands than are subdued by the Spaniards The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in that Country where they have particularly fortified Arica being the place where the Merchandises of Lima and the Wealth of Potosi are brought They invaded this Kingdom under Pizarro in the year 1525. But the Civil Wars that ensued hindred for some time the absolute Conquest of the Country The Indians that cannot defend themselves pay Tribute The King of Spain receives vast Treasures out of the Mines of Peru. For the principal Cities are full of it and the very Earth is oftentimes nothing but Gold and Silver So that Peru is certainly the richest Country in the World. And it reported that the Spaniards made above twenty Millions of Ducates of their first Voyage thither The Ways are so secure from Robbery that four Musqueteers serve for a Convoy for three or four thousand Ducates The Inca's were Hereditary Kings of Peru for above three hundred years before the Invasion of the Spaniards They had made there two High-ways the one along the Plain where it required an extraordinary Expence to settle the Sand the other over the Mountain where it was as necessary to fill up the Valleys These High-ways were every one of them five hundred Leagues in length and upon the Road stood Houses whither Travellers were carried and entertained by the Natives upon freecost The same Inca's had also reared Temples to the Sun to the Moon and to the Stars which they call Ladies attending the Moon to Lightning Thunder and Thunder-bolts and to the Rain-bow which they said executed the Sun's justice It is reported that their Polities were not unlike those of the Greeks and Romans that their Government was mild free and liberal And that they divided the Earth into three parts the first high the second low and the third under ground signifying Earth Heaven and Hell. Atabalippa who was one of those Kings said That the Pope was not a Wise Man to give away that which was none of his own and that for his part he had more reason to prefer the Divinity of the Sun than of a Man that was crucified He also threw away a Breviary which they presented because it spoke never a word of Christ of whom they told him it related great things This unfortunate Prince being defeated and taken by the Spaniards at Caxamalca offer'd for his liberty as much Gold as could be heaped up half way in a Hall seven and twenty foot long sixteen foot wide and proportionably high nevertheless they put him to death as a Traytor and a Tyrant It is not to be wondred that the Inca's had such vast store of Gold and Silver for they had framed in Gold all the Creatures and Plants imaginable in their Temples also they put great numbers of Statues of all pure Gold and adorn'd with precious Stones The Edifices were demolished by the Spaniards who expected to find Gold in the Materials and in the cement of the Stones though they got a prodigious Sum besides The Provinces of Peru are Quito Los Reyes Los Charcas and La Sierra Quito which produces much Gold Cotton and Physical Drugs has a City of the same Name the antient Residence of Inca Guaynacapa The Province de los Reyes contains the best Cities in the Country Lima and Cusco Lima is new and one of the best in all America though it contain not above six thousand Inhabitants There are also about four thousand Negroes but they keep them disarm'd for fear of revolting The great Trade of the Town the Residence of the Vice-Roy and the Archbishop make it the Capital City of Peru. Calâ—ao a City and a Port two Leagues from Lima is able to receive and secure several Vessels Cusco built four hundred years before the Spaniards took it very well peopled because the King usually kept his Court and obliged the Lords of the Country to build them Houses and dwell in the City with their Children The Province de los Charcas contains the Cities of La Plata and Potosi which is the best inhabited place in all the West Indies for it is stored with all conveniencies and delights of this Life for which reason several People go to live there The Silver Mines in her Mountains are certainly the richest in the World and no way subject to the Water as the other Mines are The King of Spain had from thence a Million of Ducates formerly for his fifth but for some time since the Rent has fallen At the Island Perico was the Fight between the Buccaniers and Spaniards where the Buccaniers took five Ships the Buccaniers were but sixty eight Men the Spaniards two hundred and twenty eight At Gorgona Island the Buccaniers carreen'd At the Isle of Plate Sir F. Drake made the Dividend of that vast quantity of Plate which he took from the S. Armada which the Spaniards say was twelve score
Masters of the Country dividing it into several Parts or Provinces viz. New Galicia Guadalaira New Biscay Mexico Mechoacan Panuco Jucatan Guatimala Honduras Nicaregua Costaricca Veragua and others they have established Parliaments at Mexico Guadalaria and Guatimala New Mexico properly so called lying round about the City of Mexico is the best and best peopled part of all America that City suffered a dreaful loss in the year 1629 all the Dams and most part of the Houses being carried away by the violence of the Streams for it is situated upon a salt Lake about twenty five or thirty Leagues in compass into which falls another Lake of fresh Water and both together are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit in which are said to be fifty thousand Ferries continually rowing about to carry Passengers having about fifty Towns on their Banks some say eighty Towns many of them count five thousand Houses some ten thousand The salt Lake Ebbeth and Floweth according to the Wind yielding no kind of Fish In Mexico are said to be four thousand Spaniards and thirty thousand Indians it is the Residence of the Vice-Roy and Arch-Bishop Before the Spaniards took possession of the Country there were several considerable places near to Mexico The Siege of Mexico lasted about three Months wherein Cortez had near 200000 Indians nine hundred Spaniards eighty Horses seventeen or eighteen Pieces of Ordnance sixteen or eighteen Vergantines and at least six thousand Canou's where were slain fifty Spaniards six Horses and about eight thousand Indians on Cortez side Of Mexicans were slain 120000 besides those that dyed with Famine and Pestilence The Vergentines wherewith Cortez besieged Mexico by Water were brought by land in pieces from Tlaxcallen to Tezcuco and 400000 Men fifty days employed in the finishing of them and making a Sluce or Trench and lanching of them into the Lake At that Siege Montezuma the Emperor was taken by Cortez out of his own Palace and made Prisoner which caused the Mexicans to rebel against Cortez and the Spaniards and fought a fierce and bloody Battel two or three days together crying out for their Emperor whereupon Cortez desired him to go to the Window to shew himself and command his Subjects to cease their fury who so doing was hit on the Head with a Stone with which blow he fell down dead to the Ground and this was the end of that great Emperor who was of the greatest Blood and the greatest King in Estate that ever was in Mexico slain by his own Subjects against their wills in the City of his greatest Glory and in the custody of a foreign and strange Nation After the death of Montezuma they made Quabutamoc their Emperor and persisting in their furious Battery against Cortez his Palace caused him and all his Spaniards to flie out of Mexico But the Spaniards having made sixteen or eighteen Vergentines at Tlaxcallen and got new Supplies they again so besieged Mexico by Water and Land that it was reduced to great necessity with Hunger and Sickness and tho' in this extream misery yet they would not yield no not when they saw the Kings Houses burned and the greatest part of their City consumed so long as they could keep one Street Tower or Temple and though the Spaniards had won the Market-place and most of the City And tho' their Houses were full with dead Bodies and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by those hungry wretches that survived yet would they not accept of peace but desired death so that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thousand in all the City yet were there that day slain and taken Prisoners 400000 Persons and Quahutamoc their King taken Prisoner who told Cortez he had done his best endeavor to save and defend himself and Vassals but considering you may now do what you please with me I beseech you to kill me which is my only request But Cortez comforted him with fair words and required him to command his Subjects to yield which he did And at that time after so many were slain and starved so many Prisoners taken yet there were about 700000 who threw down their Arms and submitted Thus did Cortez win the famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day of August An. Dom. 1521. Chulula enclosed about twenty thousand Houses with as many Temples as there are days in the year And the Inhabitants sacrificed every year above six thousand of their Children to their accursed Idols Tezcuco was said to be as big as Mexico which was said to contain sixty or eighty thousand Houses and is famous among the Spaniards for that it was the first that received a Christian King Hâ—rnando son to Nezavalpincintli Cortez being his God Father Quaretaro had a Fountain out of which the Water floweth for four years together and the next four years seemed to be empty Los Angelos upon the Road from La Vera Cruz first built and inhabited in the year 1530 by Don Antonio de Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico famous for the Cloth that is there made as good as any in Segovia which is the best in Spain And a Glass House which is the rarity in all those parts It is a City containing six thousand Inhabitants to which there belongs a Bishoprick endowed with sixty thousand Crown a year Guacocinga is the chief Town between the City of Mexico and Los Angelos consisting of above five thousand Indians and one thousand Spaniards and is priviledged by the Kings of Spain for that it joyned with the Tlazcellans against the Mexicans Acapulco upon the South Sea is a well sheltered Bay distant from Mexico one hundred Leagues from hence the Spaniard drives a rich Trade to the Philippine Isles and to China from whence they are distant three thousand Leagues Jucatan is a Peninsula between two Gulphs where stands the antient Merida In Panueo the Castillians have only three Colonies of which Saint Steven del puerto is the Metropolis twelve Leagues from the Sea and a Town of great Traffick next is Saint Jago de los Vallos thirdly Lewes de Tempico They have Mines of Gold in the Country which are not wrought Salt-pits out of which they draw the greatest profit Mechoaian the Metropolis of the Province so called now the seat of the Arch-Bishop since removed from Valadolid seated upon a Lake as large as that of Mexico This Country is said to be so healthful and of so sweat an Air that Sick People come thither to recover their health Near Colima is found the Plant Cozometcath or Olcacazan which takes blood-shot from the Eyes preserves the strength of the Body cures the Tooth and Head-ach resists all poisons and is most excellent against all Diseases This Province is of a fertile Soil yielding great encrease of all sorts of Grain Fruits c. It produceth Cotton Amber-Greece Gold Silver Copper Black Stones so shining that they serve instead of Looking-Glasses store of Plants medicinal Herbs Silk Hony Wax c. It is well stored
with Springs and Rivers of fresh Water Cattle and Fowl are in great plenty and other Lakes and Rivers afford store of Fish Thascala or Los Angelos is a Country very plentiful both of Corn and Cattle full of rich Pastures well watered with Rivers and wonderfully stored with Maize which they make their Bread of Places of most note are first Thascala Situate on an easie ascent betwixt two Rivers encompassed with a large pleasant and fruitful plain said to be so populous before the arrival of the Spaniards that it could number above three hundred thousand Inhabitants Second Angelos a fair City distant from Mexico twenty two Leagues and thirty from Latera Cruz Thirdly La Vera Cruz built by the Cortez a place of great encourse situate near the Gulph from whence there is a through-fair to Mexico from whence it is distant about fifty two Leagues In May 83. about nine hundred or a thousand Privateers at Night landed and through the negligence of the Spanish Centinels surprised the Town and two Forts the one of twelve the other of eight Guns They plundered the Town for three days where they got a great deal of Plate Jewels c. and might also have taken the Castle which is seated about three quarters of a Miles into the Sea and hath thirty Guns mounted Saint John de Vlloa at Vlhua the most noted Port of this Province fenced with a Peer against the fury of the Winds and Sea defended naturally by Rocks and Quick-sands and by two Bulworks well fortified on both sides of his entrance Famous for that it was the first beginning of that great Conquest of the Valiant Cortez Here he first sunk the Ships that brought the Spaniards from Cuba to the intent they might think of nothing but Conquest and here five hundred Spaniards ventured against millions of Enemies and began the Conquest of the fourth part of the World. Xalappa de la Vera Cruz made a Bishops See in the year 1634 said to be worth ten thousand Duckets a year La Rinconada is a House or Inn which the Spaniards call Venla seated in a low Valley the hottest Place in all the Road to Mexico plentiful in Provisions and the sweetness and coolness of the Water is a great refreshment but the swarms of Gnats in the Night are most intolerable Segura de la Frontera was built by Cortez in his Wars with the Culhuacans and Tepeacaes Tlaxcallan a Common-wealth The Inhabitants whereof in one Battel against Cortez had 150000 fighting Men afterwards joyned with Cortez and were the chief Instruments of his unparallel'd Conquest being mortal Enemies to Monteâ—uma the Mexican Emperor and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants Spaniards and Indians where is a rich Cloister of Dominican Friers and one of the richest places in the County of Braxuca Tecoantepeque is a small and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Zur Aquatulco and Capaâ—ita are great Towns in a plain Country Taponapeque is a sweet and pleasant Town well stored with Flesh and Fish and Fowl. In this Province are said to be two hundred Towns one thousand Villages twenty five thousand Indians which are priviledged and exempted from all extraordinary Charge and Imposition because of their assisting Cortez in his Conquest of Mexico In the Valley of St. Paul was a Country Man possessed of forty thousand Sheep which were the product of two only which were brought him out of Spain Guaxaca is a Province of a healthful and a sweet Air of a fertile Soil not only in Corn but also in Fruit Cochineil Silk Cassia the Earth well stored with Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals and most of the Rivers stream down Sand-Gold It s chief places are Antequera a Bishoprick adorned with stately buildings and a Magnificent Cathedral Church Aquatulâ—o is a noted and convenient Port on Mar del Zur from whence is transported the Merchandise of Mexico to Peru plundered both by Drake and Cavendish in their Voyages about the World. Gage tells us that Guaxaca is a City and Bishops Seat fair and beautiful sixty Leagues from Mexico and consists of two thousand Inhabitants n t far from the Head of the great River Alvarado upon which are Zapoteâ—as and St. Idlfonso That from thence they went to Antequera a great Town Tavasco or Tabasco is a Coast of one hundred Leagues between Guâ—xaca and Jucatan of an excellent Soil abundant in Maiz and Cacao There are Vines Fig-trees Oranges and Citrons great quantity of Cattle and Fowl besides wild Beasts Apes and Squirrels The Spaniards have but one Colony here which is called Newstra a Signiora de la Victoria so called from the Victory Cortez gained 15 9. The first City in America that defended it self and suffered the Spaniards sword Jucatan is a Peninsula of about four hundred Leagues in compass Situate between the Gulph of Mexico and Honduras whose Cape Catoche is opposite to Cape Saint Anthony in the Island Cuba and distant from it forty odd Leagues In the middle of the Land are to be seen Scales and Shells of Sea Fish its chief Cities are Merida distant from the Sea on either side twelve Leagues the Seat of the Bishop and Governor adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones resembling those at Merida in Spain 2. Valladolid beautified with a fair Monastery of Franciscans 3. Campeach Situate on the Shore of the Gulph a fair City of about three thousand Houses which in Anno 1596 was surprised and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away the Governor and the riches of the City The Audience of Gaudalajara or Kingdom of New Galicia makes the most occident part of New Spain and contains the Provinces of Gaudalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiamettlan Culiacan and New Biscany The Air of Gaudalajara is temperate and serene except in Summer which is most troubled with Rain The Land rather mountainous than plain very fruitful well furnished with Mines of Silver Copper Lead and Margasites the Pastures are rich feeding abundance of Cattle they have Cittrons Oranges Figs Apples Pears Peaches Olive-trees whose Fruit is often destroyed by Ants as their Corn Maize and Pulse is by the Pies which though no bigger than Sparrows are so numerous that they destroy whole Crops Its Cities are Guadelajara the Residence of the Kings Treasurer dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church watered with many Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Beranja In the Province of Xalisco the chief City is Compostella built by Guzman 1551. Situate in a Barren Country and bad Air. In the Province of Chiametlan is Saint Sebastian nigh to which are many rich Silver Mines The Province of Culiacan hath Saint Michael and that of Chinaloa Saint John where are rich Mines of Silver In Los Zicatecas are several famous
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâ—mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâ—sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
took the Croisado and were Installed at the Church or Hospital of St. Mary Jerusalem and called Marianites Their Order differed nothing from the Templers of St. John but in form and colour of their Cross After the taking of Jerusalem by Saladine these Knights went to Ptolomais from whence Frederick the Second sent for them into Germany to fight against the Prussians and Livonians who at that time were Pagans which War began in the year 1220. In a little while after these Knights had made themselves Masters of a Country of very large extent and obeyed the Order till 1525 at which time Sigismund King of Poland gave the Investiture of Prussia unto Albert Marquis of Brandenburg In the year 1563 the Great Master became Secular again and took part of the Lands subject to the Order with the Name of Duke of Courland 4. The Bishoprick of Eichstadt or Aichstadt Ala Narisca Ant. Aureatum teste Gasp Brocio near the Danube The chief of the Laicks are the Marquesses of Cullembach and Onsbach the Counts of Holac Wertheim and Erpach or Erbach who find their Original from a Daughter of Charlemagne who married to a Gentleman after she had carried him upon her back through the Court of the Palace The Imperial Towns are 1. Nuremberg Norimberg Nurnberg Germ. Nerobergae Noricorum Mons Norica Caesari A place of great Trade and well frequented by Merchants The fairest most priviledged richest and best Governed in Germany Here the new chosen Emperor ought to hold his first Diet and here are the Ornaments used at the Coronation of the Emperors viz. the Royal Crown The Dalmatick Gown The Imperial Cloak c. Here was Maximilians Wooden Eagle that flew a quarter of a mile and back again And here the Burgers have power to imprison their Children and cast them alive into the River Here Charles the Great designed to make a Communication of passage between the Danube and the Rhine by joyning the Rednitz and the Atmul Rivers whereby there might have been a Commerce by Water from the Low-Countries to Vienna and even unto the Euxine But some inconveniencies in the attempt and his Warlike diversions made him give over that Noble design 2. Frankfort Francfort or Franckfurt Francofurtum Francphordia Helenopotis olim Trajectus Francorum The passage or Ford of the Franks A Free City and reckoned in the Circle of Franconia by most Geographers though I rather take it to be in the Circle of the Higher Rhine It is renowned for its Book-Fairs or Marts in March and in September For its Fortress and for the Election of the Emperor It is a large and strong place divided into two parts Frankfurt and Saxenhausen by the River Maein united by a Stone-Bridg Other Imperial Towns in Franconia are 1. Schweinfurt Suevorum Trajectus Swinphordia Suvinfurtum seated in a fruitful Soil 2. Rotenburg al. Tuberum seated upon the River Tauber which some say is like Jerusalem for its Situation upon Hills and for its many Turrets 3. Weinsheim Vinisima Vinshemia Winshaim 4. Altdorff a University 1623. Of HASSIA ADjoining to Franconia on the North-west is the Landgravedom of Hessen or Hassia of a healthy Air and a fruitful Soil in Corn and Pasturages The greatest part of the Country is now divided into two Families the one of Cassel the other of Darmstat of the youngest House chief places belonging to the Landgraves are Cassel Cassella Cassilia Castella Cattorum Stereontium Ptol. teste Pyramio upon the River Fuld the chief Seat of the Landgraves 2. Marpurg or Martpurg Marpurgum Martis-burgam Mattiacum Ptol. teste Ortel Amasia Baud. upon the River Lohn an University founded in the year 1426 by Lewis Bishop of Munster Here the Landgraves have a stately and magnificent Castle mounted upon a high Hill without the Town enjoying a pleasant prospect and one of their chief places of Residence 3. Darmstad with its Castle is the Seat and Inheritance of the youngest House of the Landgraves Part of this Country of Hessen belongs to the Abbey of Fulda one of the richest and most celebrious in Europe Anno 1640. it was taken by Bannier and here he heard a Voice in the Air Be gone Bannier be gone for now the time is yet he lived to get that Victory at Homberg in Hassia between Fridberg and Francford But at the Battel near the River Sale valorously defending a Bank he was forced to yield and goeth to Halberstade where voiding much Blood and Matter through an Imposthume or breaking of a Vein he put an end to his life and to all his toyl and labours This Abbey was founded by St. Boniface an English man This Abbot is a Prince of the Empire and Arch-Chancellor of the Empress calls himself Primate of Gallia his County is called Buchen Buchovia from the plenty of Beeches To which we may add the Abbey of Hirchfeld betwixt Hessen and the Rhine and intermingled lies the Confederation of Wetteraw or a Combination of many Estates viz. 1. Earls or Counts of Nassaw from whence the Illustrious Grave Maurice and other Princes of Orange are descended 2. Solms well allied 3. Hanaw the Counts whereof have large Estates and a Justice from which their Subjects cannot appeal 4. To this Country belongs the Counts of Waldeck subject to the Lantgraves The Barons of Limborg have a Title of Semperfre The Counts of Swartsbourg are great in Riches with many others Of WESTPHALIA COntiguous on the North of Hessen lies the Circle of Westphalia a Country full of Woods which nourish many Swine which make excellent Bacon and abounding as plentifully in other places with Corn. This Country is divided amongst the Ecclesiasticks Counts and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. Munster a City seated on the River Ems Monasterium ol Minigrado Miningrade built by Charles the Great In the year 1533 called New Jerusalem by the Anabaptist and their King John of Leyden King of Sion who being at last besieged and taken was put on the top of a Steeple in an Iron Cage where he was eaten up by Flies and Wasps together with two of his Companions 2. Of Padeborn or Paderborn incolis of a miraculous Foundation 3. Minden Minda once a Bishoprick but now setled upon the Marquess of Brandenburg with the Title of Prince by Munster-Treaty as also is Ferden 4. Of Osnabruck or Osenbrug Osnabrugum seu Osnabrucum so made 776. a Carolo Magno The alternate possession whereof is given to the Duke of Brunswick for his Cession of his Bishoprick of Halberstat The chief Counts of Westphalia are first of East-friezland who in the year 1653 was raised to the Dignity of Prince whose Seat is at Aurick or Auricum 2. The Counts or Prince of Oldenburg Delmenhorst are totally extinguished by the death of Anthony Gunther in the year 1656. However famous in that the Kings of Denmark are descended from it ever since Christian Earl of Oldenburg was chosen King of Denmark Ann. 1448. 3. Of
Schawenburg 4. Of Benthem 5. Of Tecklenburg 6. Of Ravenspurg 7. Hoy. 8. Lingen Lip c. The free Cities are 1. Embden the Amasia Ptol. teste Cleverio 2. Herverden 3. Brake 4. Soest 5. Dortmund in the County of Marck 6. Lemgow in the County of Lip. The Title of Westphalia as Ducal is usurped by the Archbishop of Collen ever since the proscription of Duke Henry Sirnamed the Lion. Our second Division of Germany was that of the Danube wherein may be comprehended first Suevia Italis Schwaben Germanis Sovabe Gallis Of the Circle of Suevia or Almaigne THE Circle or Dukedom of Schwaben or Almaigne for by these two Names the ancient Dukedom was called The State was erected under this last Title by Clovis King of the French. The first Dukes were but Governours under the French during pleasure After the division of the French Empire by the Sons of Lewis the Godly and that the Empire was translated to the Germans they became Hereditary The first that transmitted this Honour to Posterity was Frederick the First created Duke of Schwaben or Almaigne by Henry the Fourth Conradinus taken Prisoner in Italy in his Wars against Charles Duke of Anjou and afterwards beheaded at Naples without Heirs was the last Duke of Scwaben and in whom ended the Succession and Family of the Fredericks After this Disaster the Dukedom for want of Heirs falling to the Empire became scattered into sundry lesser States viz. Ecclesiasticks Laicks and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. of Ausbourg whose Residence is at Dilling 2. Of Constauce whose Residence is at Mersburg 3. Of Coire in the Grisons Other Grand Prelates are first the Abbot of Kempten 2. The Grand Prior of the Order of Maltha whose Residence is at Heitersheim about two German Miles South of Brisach and Freiburg The Secular Princes are 1. The Duke of Wirtenburg who was raised to Ducal Dignity in a Diet held at Worms 1495. He hath a Country where the Mountains abound in Mines Vines and Woods The Forest of Schwartz-waldt are well stored with Timber-Trees Game and Venison of all kinds the Vallies are a continuation of Meadows covered with Cattel and watered with Brooks full of Fish the Plains are thick set with Gardens like those of the Hesperides His Residence is at Stutgard Stutgardia seated near to the Necker There is no where to be seen fairer Rows of Orange-Trees Grotta's better contrived and beautified Fountains more artificial nor Fruits more pleasant to the sight or tast than here They that have been at Tubing Tubingaâ—ol Augusta know how many Princes Counts Lords Barons and Gentlemen have been bred in that Noble College and University where are excellent Professors in all Faculties principally in those which are worthy of Illustrious persons In this Country are reckoned 63 Cities 158 great Towns 645 Villages 537 Water-mills and 14 Abbeys of large Revenue He hath a fair Militia of Horse and Foot and many Fortresses 2. Of the Marquisate of Baden and Durlach The Marquess of Baden after the death of Philip the last of the Hochbergian Branch was united into that Anno 1503 who dying in the year 1515. His Lands were parted between his two Sons Bernard and Ernest who are now the Heads of two principal Branches into which this House is divided viz. Baden and Dourlach whose Country lies adjacent to the Rhine intermingled up from Basil to Philipsburg a Country pleasant and Soil fruitful chiefer Towns are Baden giving name to the Country and so called from the Hot Medicinal Baths thereof 2. Dourlach the Title of the second Son. 3. Of the Counts of Hohenzolleren The Lords of this House are Hereditary Chamberlains to the Emperors since the time of Maximilian the First Their Castle of Hohenzolleren was ruined by Henrietta Countess of Wirtemberg and Montbelliard but reedified about the year 1480 at which time Philip Duke of Burgundy Albert Elector of Brandenburg Albert Duke of Austria and Charles Marquis of Baden laid the first stone of it using a Tray a Trowel and a Mallet all of Silver 4. The Counts of Fustemberg who are very renowned in History a Prince of the Empire 5. The Counts of Helfenstein having flourished above 1000 years expired some years since 6. The Counts of Ottinguen or Oeting are divided into two principal Branches that of Waldenstein is Catholick that of Ottinguen Lutheran 7. The Fuggers are not very ancient 8. The Papenheims are very famous 9. The Baron of Walburg is considerable Besides these there are some parts wholly belonging to the Empire 10. Constance Constantia seated on the Bodenzee belongeth to the House of Austria Anno 1548 it was out-lawed by Charles the Fifth and is famous for the Council here held Anno 1414 where were assembled the Emperor Sigismund four Patriarchs 29 Cardinals 346 Archbishops and Bishops 564 Abbots and Doctors 16000 Secular Princes and Noblemen 450 Harlots 600 Barbers 320 Minstrels and Jesters The business was the deposing of three Popes Gregory the 12th at Rome John the 23d at Bononia and Bennet the 13th in Spain and setting up Martin the Fifth And the degrading and burning of Hierome of Prague and John Hus without any respect to the safe conduct of the Emperor Sigismund The Bodenzee by Plin. Lacus Acronius Brigantinus is about 8 Dutch Miles in length and 3 in breadth and in its greatest depth at Mersperg about 600 yards At the Island Meinaw in the year 1647 the Swedes digging found a Treasure to the value of five Millions The chief and Imperial Cities of Schwaben are Ausburg or Auspurg Augshurg from Augusti Burgum where Augustus setled a Roman Colony after Claudius Drusius Nero Germanicus had brought it into Subjection Druso Magus of old and afterwards Augusta Tiberia Augusta Vindelicorum Ptol. Augusta Vindelicium Ant. famous for its Magnificence Town-House for being a Bishops See and Imperial 2. Vlm Vlma seated at the meetings of the Rivers Iler Blave and Danube of great state large rich and well fortified being six miles in compass Here the Danube begins first to be Navigable Kempten Campidunum was the ordinary Residence of the ancient Dukes of Swaben and the native place of Hildegardis Wife to Charlemagne Dinkelspiel was often taken and retaken in the late Wars Essinguen is a pretty Town upon the Neckar under the protection of the Duke of Wirtenburg At Hal is made great quantity of Salt. Hailbrun is an Imperial City yet pays the Tenth of its Wines and Grain to the Duke of Wirtemburg Kaufbegeren bought its liberty for â—5000 Livres Lindaw stands upon an Island in the Lake Constance and â—â—joyned to the firm Land by a Bridg 290 Paces long belonging to the Emperor who hath given it the priviledg of coining Money Memingam is very ancient Mulhausen is noted for its Gardens and Mills Nertlingen is remarkable for the Battel which the Swedes lost 1634 where General Bannier was slain and Gustavus Horn taken Prisoner Northausen for its Imperial Assemblies and Turnament held there Rotwiel for