the separated Ships are strictly Commanded not to pass by the foremention'd Island De Lemas but put in to it and there wait for the Fleets coming that so they may proceed on together in their Voyage and the more resolutely bid the Enemy defiance if they should Rancounter After leaving the Island De Lemas and coming on the Coast of China they shall first put in for the Bay of Engeling or rather that of Hoksiu they being the safest and convenientest Harbors in the Southern Bay or Mouson and with the whole Fleet except those bound for Iapan which will part from us before run into them to inquire how the Affairs of War stand between the Tartar and Coxinga and whether he be in China or Formosa therefore if in the way from Lemas to the Coast of China any Frigats should be separated from the Fleet let them put in for the foremention'd Bays of Engeling or Hoksiu where they shall joyn with the Fleet again When the white Flag shall be set up at the Admirals Stern and a Gun be fired from his Ship then the General Council of War shall meet consisting of these following Persons to consult with the Admiral viz. Henry Indiik of the Ship Loosduinen Iohn Idze de Vink or Van Campen Vice-Admiral of the Fleet but so long as Indiik is by the Fleet the Finch shall carry the Flag as Rear-Admiral of Zierikzee The Merchant Constantine Nobel who carries the Light before the Fleet after Indiik hath taken leave shall bear the Flag of Domburgh Peter Iansz Veldmuis Captain of the Naerden Ysbrand Bowmester Captain of the Domburgh Barent Iochemsz Captain of the Overveen Harman Symonsz Commander of the High-Land Iohn Hendriksz Master of the Sea-Dog Dirk Gerritz Commander of the Meliskerke Iohn Ysbransz Van Bank Captain of the Ankeven Valk Master of the Vink Christopher Edwartsz Secretary If the Admiral le ts flie his Red Flag from his Poop then all the remaining Commanders of the Fleet as Brukelen Loenen and Ter-Bode shall also come aboard with the foremention'd persons and likewise their chief Officers of War as the Ensigns and Serjeants But if the Admiral will have his Privy Council to come aboard he shall put out his white Flag with a Bend from the Poop The Privy Council shall consist in the following Persons Henry Indiik Iohn Idze de Vink Constantine Nobel Peter Iansz Veldmuis Commander of the Naerden Ysbrand Bowmester Captain of the Domburgh If the Admiral is desirous to speak with the Captain of the Loosduine he shall let a Pennon flow from his Mizzen-Yard if with the Zirikzee a Pennon from the Fore-Yard if with Domburgh a Jack from the Sprissel-Yard If any one be found to neglect these Orders he shall be put in mind of it by the Secretary and after examination of the cause receive all due punishment All these were made and agreed on in the Naerden Frigat Sailing about the Thousand Islands the 26. of Iune 1662. Balthazar Bort Iohn Idze de Vink On Thursday morning being the twenty seventh the Fleet having the same Weather found themselves to be in four Degrees and eighteen Minutes South-Latitude and in the afternoon beyond the Point of Boomy's Riff in nine and ten Fathom Gravelly Ground in the Night on fourteen and fifteen Fathom the same Ground they spy'd the Banks of the foresaid Riff at a pretty distance On Wednesday Morning the twenty eighth the Fleet being in thirteen and fourteen Fathom Water the Wind Easterly saw the Island Lucipar or Lukapar lying to the South-West about a League and a half from them This Island lies near Sumatra in the Mouth of the Straights of Banka and is fourteen Leagues in Circumference It is uninhabited yet Wooddy and yields a pleasant Prospect with its high Trees towards the Sea it is interlac'd with many murmuring Streams which abounding in Fish and the Woods with Beasts makes it a fit place for the Sea-men to refresh in In the afternoon being in three Degrees and seven Minutes Lukapar lay three Leagues South South-East from the Fleet and having got the first Point of Sumatra on their Starboard their Course being North-East and by East they Sail'd along the Coast of Sumatra in ten and thirteen Fathom Water The twenty ninth about Noon the Fleet Sail'd by Poele Nancha lying in the Straights of Banka thirty Leagues to the In-land in two Degrees and twenty five Minutes Southern-Latitude and were got within a small League from the third Point of Sumatra Poele Nancha that is The Isle Nancha for Poele is Island and Nancha the proper name of the place and signifies Round Island so call'd being indeed almost Circular and hath eight Leagues in Circumference very barren being onely Sandy Ground having on the Shore nothing but a few Turtles In the Evening about Sun-set they came up with the high Promontary Monapien on the North of the Island Banka and the Fore-Land of Sumatra lying West South-West about a League from them Banka an Island about a League from Sumatra is inhabited fruitful and full of Woods The thirteenth being Friday the Fleet was at Noon gotten into one Degree and twenty two Minutes South-Latitude and had Poele Toutyon that is seven Islands East and by North four Leagues from them in sixteen and seventeen Fathom Water These Isles though they lie close by one another yet are uninhabited Close by Poele Toutyon towards the East lies the Isle of Linge Inhabited on the Shore by Fishers and Rusticks but in the Countrey by a People who came thither from the Mountain Passarvan which is in Iova for these People opprest by the King of Passarvan with great Tributes and other Inconveniencies fled for their better accommodation to several places most of them being Licens'd by the King of Bantam to have setled behind the City on the Coast of Sunda at the foot of the Mountain Gomon Bezar where they have built the City Sura and several Villages Electing a King of their own which pays Tribute to the King of Bantam Others have setled themselves on this Isle and built Towns and Villages which they enjoy'd in Peace a long time but submitted themselves at last either out of kindness or force to the King of Sura These People live peaceably and friendly maintaining themselves with Husbandry or Tillage and observe the old Pythagorean Doctrine concerning the Transmigration of the Soul therefore they neither kill nor eat any animated Creature They go clothed in white Paper made of Trees of which they tie only one piece about their Head and another about their Middle for decency This Isle hath all manner of good Provisions though not in very great plenty but abundance of Birds which are from thence Transported to China for a great Dainty The first of Iuly about Noon the Fleet finding it self in twenty five Minutes South-Latitude spy'd the East Point of the Isle of Linge North-West from them and Poele Zay South-West and by
of the Work When Kitat or Lita the Commander was come aboard the Admiral and told that he should go with four Frigats to China with all his People he shew'd great signs of joy affirming That Siautongsiong did not intend to come in but only held them in Treaty to gain time yet they might easily master Formosa and the Fortresses thereon if they would suddenly set upon Lamoa and Tangsoa with a well Man'd Fleet those being the only strong places which he had on the Coast of China The sixteenth the Rere-Admiral Verwei set Sail with his four Frigats and steering Northerly along the Formosan Coast about Noon Anchor'd a League from Ape-Mountain and likewise the Admiral with eleven Ships and the Jonk Quemuy putting forth came to an Anchor on the one and twentieth in the Piscadores In the Evening the Rere-Admiral Verwei set Sail with the four Frigats to the Coast of China to Land the Chinese Revolters either on Puthay or about the River Chincheo under the Tartars Jurisdiction The twenty fifth a Letter written by the Admiral to the young Coxin or Sepoan in Tangsoa was sent ashore by a Chinese Prisoner at Pehoe that from thence he might go thither with the first opportunity which was to this effect THe Holland Admiral Balthazar Bort wishes Health to Sepoan I receiv'd your Letter at Tayowan but the sudden departure of your Messengers would not afford me Opportunity of sending an Answer We did at your Request send Commissioners to Tayowan but when they motion'd the Surrender of the Fort they had a Guard put upon them We always believ'd that it was free for Us to ask and you to deny without such Affronts Tsiautongsiong made Us believe That your Highness had submitted to the Tartars and commanded all your Souldiers from Formosa with Order to deliver the Countrey to Us Whereupon We sent Our Agents as aforemention'd But when We receiv'd your Letter We understood the contrary for you advis'd Us to break Our League with the Tartar and proffer'd Us onely Lamoa for a Factory and the Releasing of Our Prisoners In answer to which We advise you to unite with the Tartar and deliver Tayowan to Us that We may live peaceably together and Trade flourish afresh which you very well know is Our chief aim I much wonder why those of Tayowan while Our Agents were there sent not to Me and why yours never return'd to speak with Me perhaps they may pretend Fear but they have no reason for with Us 't is usual in the midst of the sharpest War to send Persons to Treat and make Overtures of Peace And themselves are able to make out how honourably We protected them Whereas on the contrary those of Tayowan were so barbarously uncivil that they would not suffer Our Agents to speak with Our Prisoners nor take a Letter from them to Us. I have set Sail from thence with intention to come to you at Tangsoa in hopes to find more Civility and withal to perswade you to send Ambassadors to Batavia but the stormy Weather hath spent so much of the time that to My great sorrow I could not effect My desire Therefore I have left this Letter with the Piscadoreans to be sent to you with the first opportunity If you resolve to send do it with speed Balthazar Bort The twenty sixth the Admiral set Sail again with his ten Ships and ran by the high Western Island The twenty seventh he saw the Sands and the twenty eighth the Macau Islands On one of these Macau Isles stands the City Macao of whose Beginning and Plantation this is the Account The Chineses at first permitted the Portuguese to Traffick on a desolate Isle call'd Sancham or Sancian thirty Leagues from the Continent and ten from Macao where they built themselves in stead of Houses Bowers of plash'd Trees and meanly thatch'd on the top Here the Chineses came to Trade with them after they were thus setled nor would suffer their nearer Approaches being terrified with the remembrance of the former Calamities they suffer'd by Invasions especially of the Tartar in the Year 1208. yet fresh in their Memory These their Fears and Jealousies increas'd upon them by seeing and considering the Portuguese Ships what huge Vessels they were like floating Castles big with Armed Men and terrifying both Sea and Land with the Voice of their thundering Guns Besides the Mahumetans and Moors which in great numbers daily resorted to Canton reported That these People meaning the Portuguese were Franks for so they call'd all Europeans and were a mighty People of prodigious Valour and Conquerors of whatever they design'd and that the Borders of their Empire were extended to the Brims of the Universe But though the Portuguese were thus represented and appear'd themselves to be too formidable yet the Avarice of the Chineses overpower'd their Fear for the Benefit accrewing by this Commerce was so great that it did not onely redound to the Emperors Advantage but also the Magistrates and Common People were all Sharers so that by Degrees they suffer'd it to be driven within their Dominions yet with this Proviso That so soon as their time of Sale was done they should go again to India with their Commodities The Portuguese Merchants had Annually two Markets or Fairs to buy what the Indian Ships transported in Ianuary or the Iapanners in Iune The Fairs or Markets were not kept in the Haven of Macao nor on the Isle of Sancian as in antient times but in Canton it self whither an infinite Company of People resorted for the Portuguese went from the City Macao with the Magistrates leave of China to the Metropolis Canton two days Journey by Water against Tyde and lodg'd at Night in their Vessels in the Haven Yet all things were done with such circumspection and vigilancy that it was easie to see they were not without jealous Fits and grudgings of their former Fear These yearly Fairs continu'd two Months and sometimes longer By this means that Place which was before desolate began to be inhabited not onely by the Portuguese but also by many of the neighboring People so that in few Years by the great abundance of Commodities brought thither out of Europe India and China it self it grew a famous and populous City Nay such was the Chineses Covetousness seeing their Wealth that they not only dwelt there and Traded but Married with them and in a short time fill'd the whole Isle full of rich Habitations This Place is also famous amongst the Catholicks for the great resort thither of Priests and their converting the Natives to the Christian Faith From hence all the Voyages for the Converting of Heathens were undertaken as to Iapan China Tunking Cochinchina Cambaya Laos and other Countreys wherefore the King of Portugal gave it the Title of a City and by the approbation of the Pope rais'd it to an Episcopal See But since the banishing of the Portuguese out of Iapan this City hath much decreas'd The twenty ninth
belong to the Emperor of China but to certain Free Lords which they call'd the Min. The first that joyn'd it to the Empire of China was the chief of the Family Cheu yet the Inhabitants soon shook off that Yoke and kept themselves free till the fortunate and valiant Emperor Hiaou of the Family of Han reduced and added it to China with all the Southern Territories setling them in Peace and placed a Vice-Roy over it call'd Veuching who kept his Court in the Metropolis thereof Cyn the first King thereof call'd the chief City and the Tract of Land thereto belonging Cyngan the next King Sui nam'd the Countrey Mencheu but the Tangs of another Line Kiencheu and not long after Focheu which Name the Taimingian Race kept ever since This Countrey Focheufu contains eight Cities Focheu the Metropolis and chief of all the Countrey otherwise call'd Hoksieu or Hokzieuw Cutien Mincing Changlo Lienkiang Loquen Iangfo Focing The City Focheu by Paulus Venetus call'd Fugui lieth about fifteen Leagues Westerly from the Sea on the Southern Shore of the River Min which with a wide Mouth falls Easterly into the Sea and brings both great and small Vessels up to the City Walls The convenience of this River makes the Town very populous and of great Trade It is adorn'd with fair Buildings and hath large Suburbs call'd Nantai otherwise according to the pronunciation of the Inhabitants Lamthay for those in Fokien use in stead of N the Letter L. and often say Lamking in stead of Nanking There are also many Idol Temples Cross the Bay near Nantai lies a Stone Bridge a hundred and fifty Rods long and one and a half broad built all of white Free-stone resting on a hundred very high Arches on the top of each side are Rails and Benches adorn'd at an equal distance with Lyons neatly cut of Stone Next this Bridge at the South end stands a fair and large Pagode or Temple Another Bridge not unlike this being a hundred Rods long may be seen at the City Focing And many more are without and within the Walls of the chiefest Cities Three Leagues from Focheu stands a Temple call'd Kouzan the largest of all in the Nether Provinces The second Division Civencheufu borders from the East to the South-east and so to the South upon the Sea and from the South-west to the West touches Chancheufu and on the North verges with Ienpingfu This Countrey formerly belong'd to the Princes Min and hath seven Cities Civencheu the chief Nangan Hocigan Tehoa Ganki Tunygan and Iungehung The City Civencheu lies near the Sea in a delightful Plain and admits by a large Bay the greatest Ships to Ride close under the Walls not onely on one but both sides of the City for it is built on a Promontory encompass'd with Water except on the North and South-east sides On the opposite Shore are many populous and Trading Towns and chiefly on a Place towards the North-west call'd Loyang which may rather be look'd upon as great Cities There also is a Bridge which hath the same denomination with the Town the whole World not shewing the like for it consists of a black Stone like Touch-stone not supported with Arches but above three hundred square Columns sharp above Bridge and below the better to break the impetuous egress and regress of the Current These Pillars are Capp'd to walk upon with five Stones of an exact breadth each eighteen Paces long and two broad which successively touch one another at either Foot of the Bridge of which there are to the number of a hundred and forty it is certainly a Miracle of Workmanship not onely for its great number of Stones of such a bigness that rest on those Columns but most of all where so many large and equal Stones could be had on each side to make the Passage the safer are Rails of the same Stones adorn'd with Lyons standing on Pedestals and other Imagery It is worth our observation what is written of one part of this Bridge that is between a Village call'd Loyan and a Castle built on the Bridge for beyond the Village reaches another part not much less than the former and of one make A Chinese Writer saith thus concerning it This part of the Bridge Loyang and also call'd Vangan lying on the North-west side of the City cross the River Loyang was built by a Governor call'd Cayang it extends in length to about three hundred and sixty Rods and in breadth one and a half Before this Bridge was built they cross'd the River in Boats but because every year many Vessels were by Storm cast away Cayang resolv'd for the safety of Passengers to build a Bridge but seeing such a great piece of Work to be too much for Mankind to undertake and also the Water too deep to lay a Foundation in it he invok'd the Gods of the Sea as he says for some time to stop the Current of the Water which if you will believe he obtain'd After the Essluxes were stay'd and no Tydes swelling the River in one and twenty days the Foundation was laid and forty hundred thousand Tail spent in the building of it The third Province call'd Chancheufu being the most Southern of all this Territory borders in the North-East and East with Civenchufu on the East South-East and South with the Sea on the South-West touches the Countrey of Quantung on the West and North-West and North at Tingcheufu It contains ten Cities of which Chancheu is the chiefest the rest are Changpu Lugnien Nancing Changtai Changping Pingho Chaogang Huicing and Ningyang The Name of Chancheu was first given to this Metropolis and Countrey by the Family of the Tang from the River Chang on whose Western Shore situate and was then allow'd the priviledge of a small City but the Iuem made her afterwards a Metropolis and at the same time built the small City Nancing from whence Father Martin concludes that then all these Places were much frequented by Navigators and that Paulus Venetus his Zerte must needs be thereabouts On the South-side where the River also washes the City is a large Bridge of Hew'n-stone with thirty six high Arches and so broad that on each side are divers Tradesmen and Artificers Shops in which they sell every day all manner of rich and foreign Commodities which are brought thither from Hiamuen The fourth call'd Kienningfu a very wide and spacious piece of Land borders on the North and North-East upon Chekiang on the East with Foningfu on the South at Focheufu and Ienpingfu on the West at Xaonufu on the North West and North upon Kiangsi This Division belong'd antiently to the Princes Min after which the Family Tang gave it the Name of Kiencheu and Sung another Race that which it hath at present Here are seven Towns whereof Kienning is the chiefest the rest are Cungan Puchiang Chingo Sunghi and Xeuning The City Kienning lying on the Eastern Shore of the
else is permitted and the other stands empty for their Deity who they say sits therein and receives the Offering Without the Temple stand many Altars of Red Marble which represent the Moon Sun Hills and Floods and according to the Chineses Relations all these Altars are plac'd without the Temple that none might worship them but that every one should know they are of the same Structure which the Emperor worships in the Temple Round about are several Chambers or rather Cells which formerly as they say were us'd as Bannia's in which the Emperor when he went to Offer Bath'd himself with his Attendants To this Temple and to the Emperor's Tombs lead very broad Ways on each side planted with five Rows of Pine-trees at equal distance and in a direct Line from which none might break a Bough on pain of death All these Buildings were ruin'd in the late Tartar Wars the Trees pluck'd up the Tombs defac'd and the Temples and Palaces utterly laid waste The County of Fungiangfu a great Tract of Land gives Limits in the East and North-East to Hoaiganfu in the East to the Lake Piexe and Chucheufu in the South and South-West to Hocheufu and Lucheufu in the West to the Territory of Honan This pleasant and fruitful Countrey vein'd by several great Rivers is famous because two of her Natives of mean Extract were rais'd to the highest degree of Honor the first call'd Lieupang bred among the scum of the Commonalty nay among Robbers and Rebels subdu'd the Imperial Family Cyn and rais'd that of Han. The second being Humvu or Chu was a mean Priests Son who at first turning Robber soon after the expulsion of the Tartars got into the Throne and establish'd the Crown on the Taimingian Family The Emperor Yu also did not a little enrich this Countrey when by his Predecessor Ya he was Crown'd King in the City of Mao It is also said that Lahu the first Inventer of the Epicurean Learning which liv'd before the great Philosopher Confut was born in that City of Mao The County Fungyangfu contains eighteen Towns of which Fungyang is the chiefest the next are Liuhoai Hoaiyuen Tingyuen Uho Hung Hokieu Munching Su Hiutai Tienchang So Lingpi Ing Tacho Hao Ingxan Su So Ing Hao all great Places The Metropolis Fungyang lying on a Mountain incloseth many Hills within its Walls built with fair Edifices both publick and private This Division was by the Emperor Yu brought and joyn'd to the Province of Yang to be Govern'd by Teu In the time of the Kings this part of the Countrey was call'd The Kingdom of Tuxam which the Kings of Cu afterwards included in their Dominions but the Family Han made it again Tributary call'd Chungly yet this Place was not honor'd with the Title of Teu or Metropopolis untill the fore-mention'd Chu which rais'd the Taimingian Family and was born in this City enlarg'd it building new and strong Walls fifty Furlongs in circumference and adorning the Tombs of his Predecessors and gave it the Name of Metropolis setting over it a Vice-Roy giving it Jurisdiction over other Cities intituling it Fungyang that is Nobleness of the Phenix The third Sucheufu conterminates in the North and North-East with the Mouth of the River Kiang in the East with the Sea in the South with Sunkiang and Kiahingfu the West borders Kiangningfu and the North-West Chancheufu The first which inhabited this Countrey amongst the Chineses was one Taipe of the Family Cheu who coming out of the North planted his Seat here and reduced those that formerly were wild and savage to be rational and understanding People In the Emperor Vu's time this County obtain'd Royal Dignity being call'd The Kingdom of V. after whose Death it was taken by the Kingdom of Iue who possess'd it but a little while being routed by Cu who subdu'd the Countrey Lastly the promoter of the Family Cyn conquer'd all those Kingdoms and brought them under the Province of Hoeiki The first which call'd this Countrey and its Metropolis Sucheu was King Sui the Family of Tang gave it the Name of Changcheu Sung that of Pnkiang but the Taimingian Family restor'd the old Name Sucheu The Countrey is in all Places interlac'd with Branches of Rivers and Graffs along which they may Sail from the City to the Sea Sucheufu contains seven Towns of which Sucheu is the chiefest the rest are Quengxan Changxoe Ukiang Kiating Taicing Cungmung and Cungming which lies on an Island in the Sea The fourth Tract of Land being Sunghiangfu is a small County yet fruitful and a good Soyl bordering in the North with Sucheufu in the East with the Sea and Hangcheufu in the South and West at Hangcheufu onely and the remainder on Sucheufu This Countrey as the former lies most in Water the East part of it being wash'd by the Sea and the rest surrounded by Rivers which with their Branches cutting through the middle and all Places else of it make the whole Navigable It contains onely three Towns which in bigness populosity and variety of Commodities may stand in competition with many more eminent Cities the first and chiefest is Sunkiang the other two Langhai and Cingpai The City Sunkiang verges with the Sea on the Northern Shore of a River which at its Mouth is fortifi'd with a strong Castle from whence they may Sail to Iapan In ancient times this Countrey and City before mention'd shar'd also in the Tartars Cruelties The Family of Tang call'd it Houting the Tartars of the House of Iuen not onely gave it the present Name but also the Title of Fu or Great City having formerly but the Priviledges and Name of a mean Town and belong'd to the third County Sucheufu The fifth County Changcheufu reckons for Limits in the North and North-East the River Kiang in the South Sucheufu in the South and South-West the Lake Tai in the West Yancheufu This County contains five Towns viz. Changcheu Vufie Kiangyn and Ginkiang There are also five Temples of which one built near the City Vufie in honor to Taipe the Supporter of the People exceeds all the other The City Changcheu lies near the fore-mention'd Moat which runs from the City Sucheu to the River Kiang the Stone Banks of which near this City are much more curious and artificial than any where else There are also some Triumphal Arches which add a great beauty to the City It hath receiv'd its Denomination Guihing from the exceeding fineness of the Earth of which the Tee Cups are made for Guihing signifies Rare Earth The sixth Territory Chinkiangfu borders in the North at the River Kiang in the East at Changcheufu in the South at the Lake Tai and in the West at Kiangnangfu This County reckons three Cities viz. Chinkiang Tanyang and Kintan Chinkiang by Martinius taken for Cingiam so call'd by Paulus Venetus lies Northward from the River Kiang on the East side of a Channel which falls into the Kiang
a Dragon was like a costly nay that which is more a holy Relick and lock'd up in a golden Coffer and preserv'd till the Reign of the Emperor Siveni when afterward at his Command without knowing wherefore the Chest was open'd and this Slime leap'd forth as if it had been living and ran to and again through the Palace none being able to hold it and at last got into the Seraglio and there divirginated one of great Beauty kept for the Emperor from hence after the full time as the Chineses relate she was deliver'd of a fair Female The Mother fearing to gain an ill Name and the Emperor's displeasure laid down the Infant which two Marry'd People that accidentally walk'd by there hearing it cry took up and carrying it home brought it up as their own Child In the third Year of the Emperor Ie's Reign the fore-mention'd Infant being grown Marriagable her Foster-father was on some occasion accus'd of a certain Crime and put in Prison whereupon he proffering the Virgin who was endu'd with incomparable Beauty for his Ransom to the Emperor was not onely released but return'd home with great Riches But the Emperor was so strangely surpris'd with the exceeding Beauty of his new Mistris that he was in a manner distracted and forsook the lawful Empress and his Son born by her and took Paosua for so the Virgin was call'd for his Spouse and elected Pefo the Son of Paosua in stead of Ikie the lawful Son of the Empress to succeed him in the Throne against the consent of all his Substitute Governors Ikie the true Heir being enrag'd by the great wrong which he had suffer'd fled from his Father to his Uncle King Xin in the South part of the Province of Xensi at the place where the City Nanyang stands at this day Paosua during this time dwelt with the Emperor in all prosperity but one thing he observ'd that he never saw her Laugh which was very unpleasing to him therefore he try'd several ways to win a Smile from her At the same time a Difference arising and overtures and threatnings of War being betwixt him and the Tartars he put his Militia in a posture of Defence which done and to teach them Alarms he fir'd his Beacons when there was no need whereupon the Palaces and all places every where were throng'd with the gather'd Soldiers which too often repeating and no appearance of any Enemy gave her occasion to laugh heartily to the great joy of the fond Emperor Which false Alarms being so commonly when they came to be real and not being believ'd brought on that negligent carelesness in not obeying that it lost him his Life and Empire Amongst other things also Paosua took great delight in the noise which Silk makes when torn by force wherefore the Emperor to recreate her always spent his time in her Presence with tearing and rending of Silk Mean while the Emperor sent a Party to King Xin to fetch his fled Son again but Xin refus'd to deliver the Prince unless he should be declar'd Heir to the Empire The Emperor enrag'd thereat march'd with an Army against Xin who unequal to the Emperor yet of greater Policy joyn'd with the Tartars and in the Night falls suddenly on the Emperor's Quarters whereupon the Beacons being fir'd as before the Soldiers seeing the Flame suppos'd that the Emperor as formerly was onely caressing of his Empress neglected their Duties and therefore making no resistance most of them were taken sleeping by the Enemy and the Emperor himself slain by his Brother and Son But to return As Trigaut tells us several eminent Persons Study this My. stery of Dragon-Knowledge and are sent for from remote Places to advise withal when publick Buildings are to be erected that they may so lay their Platform suting with the benevolent Signatures from the posture of the Dragon that the Edifice may for ever after be more free from Casualties for these Astronomers as our Astrologers observe the good and evil Aspects of the Planets with the several Configurations of the fixed Stars so they take their Marks from the situation of Mountains and Rivers and whatever else makes a variety that signifies good success on which they say not onely the preservation of the House but the welfare and Honor of the Family depends Semedo calls these Surveyors Tili Others saith he which they call Tili endeavor to to observe not onely the Situation of the Earth but the Positions of the Planetary Aspects in the celestial Houses so to make more happy their terrestrial Habitations It is a very ancient Custom and us'd to this day to take their Observations of good or ill success from the Colour Spots Motions Legs and Shell of a Tortoise And likewise as the Augurs of old from the Notes of Birds and noise of Beasts and also whate're they meet with in the Morning the reflecting shadows of the Sun on peculiar Houses for if at their going out in the Morning they meet any one in Mourning Apparel at their Door Bonzies or the like they look upon it as an ill Omen In short whatsoever inconvenience happens to peculiar Houses Cities Provinces or the whole Empire they ascribe it to their miserable Fortune or something or other that is wrongly plac'd in the Houses Towns or the Emperors Palace They say that some of these Fortune-tellers reside on desolate and solitary Mountains between the Clefts of Rocks and barren Hills like Hermits whither also great numbers of People resort to know the Events of future things Some onely write strange Characters and Chinese Letters on Boards containing the future Condition of the Enquirers yet their promising oftentimes hath a double meaning These Wizards have many times horrible Toads that sit near them with a thick gray speckled Skin and opening their Jaws as they say with their poisonous Breath blast and wither the Grass round about them These generally sit bare-headed being close shaven and with their Feet naked picking their Ears whilst they mutter several words to themselves In the time of the Emperor Hiaou who Reigned Anno 142. before the Nativity of Christ many Women especially at the Emperor's Court Studied Magick and Charms by which making themselves to appear much fairer than they were they subjected the Male Sex according to their pleasures Of these some got into the Prince Guei's Court the Emperor's Son begotten by a lawful Wife but without his knowledge because he according to the Chinese Writings was of a good and pious Nature but attaining to years he betook himself being ensnar'd by the fore-mention'd Charms wholly to lasciviousness Amongst other things they say there are certain Drugs by the Chineses call'd Kuan which if the Powder thereof be given any Man to drink by a Woman it makes them mad after them like our Love-Powders But they had worse Ingredients with which they occasion'd Distempers nay Death on whomsoe're they pleas'd by which means Li the Emperor's Son begotten by one of
being the source of the River Cin. Westerly of which and East from the City Ta is the great Lake Vanking whose Shore is all set with stately Trees and inviron'd with Flowry Meadows Fruit-Trees and Populous Villages In the County Mahufu Southward from the City Mahu is a Lake also call'd Mahu that is Horse Lake for the Chineses say that in this Lake a Horse appear'd Wing'd like a Dragon from which the Family Tang gave the City Lake and River that denomination In the little County Muicheu whose chief City is of the same Name stands a great Lake call'd Hoang that is to say Circular because it surrounds the whole City yet it is broadest towards the West The Shore is built all along with handsome Houses which standing round like a Ring the City may justly be call'd The Stone thereof near it is a long Bridge call'd Sive On the East side of the City Kiating is a small Lake call'd Ningyve By the City Pukiang is another Lake nam'd Yotan on which they say the Emperor Hoangti Anno 2500. before the Incarnation study'd Chymistry THere are two Lakes in the County Vuchangfu one near the City Kiayn and the other near that of Puki In the Territory Hanyangsu part within and part without the Walls of the City Hanyang is the Lake call'd Langquon On the West side at the Foot of the Mountain Kieuchin is the Lake Taipe two hundred Furlongs in bigness In the County Sianyangfu near the City Nanchang within a Temple is a Pool call'd Chinchu that is Lake of Pearls for if any Person walk apace round the sides thereof the Water arises out of the Ground like Pearls whether naturally or artificially cannot easily be resolv'd In the Territory Teganfu Eastward from the City Tegan is a great Lake of nine hundred Furlongs call'd Iunmung In the Province Hoangcheufu near the City Hoangpi stands a Lake call'd Vu that is War for in the time of the Kings it was a Place ordain'd for the Exercise of Ships Near the City Hoangmui is another bigger Lake call'd Vihu and not far from it the Lake Taipe and Eastward from the City Ki the Lake Kinxa In the Territory Kingcheufu on the East side of the City Kongcheu is the Lake Tung forty Furlongs in bigness pleasant and full of Fish with which the Citizens often Feast and make Merry in Vessels on the same In the County Yocheufu at the South-West side of the City Yocheu is a great Lake call'd Tungting which as the Chineses say had its original from a Deluge and this seems to be confirm'd by the many Isles that lie in the same namely Kiun Kinxa signifying Sand of Gold Kiue and Pecio built full of Pagodes and Cloysters which are inhabited by some poor Religious Order Amongst others is a floating Isle on which is also a Cloyster built for the Roots of Trees and large Canes knitted and joyn'd together keep up the Earth by their continual growing to one another without the least danger of ever breaking In the County Changxafu on the middle of the Mountain Taihu near the City Lieuyang lies a great fathomless Lake On the Mountain Xepi another of thirty Furlongs call'd Pexa out of which run four Brooks of which one is the Rivolet Lieus the rest fall into the River Iuping On the North side of the City Siangyn lies the Cingcao which moistning the County Iocheufu unites it self with the Lake Tunting In the County Hengcheufu Eastward from the chief Kity Hengcheu is a very deep Lake the Water whereof being of a green colour the Chineses highly esteem for the making of their Drink or Wine call'd Sampsou In the Territory Chantefu near the Cities Luugyang and Iuenkiang lies the Lake Chexa and unites it self with the Lake Tungting In the County Iengcheufu near the City Tan is a great Water-fall which immediately turns to a Pool in which grow yellow Lien-Flowers which are seldom found of that colour in any other place In the little Territory Cingcheufu near the City Hoeitung stands the Lake Cingpo full of great Rocks and Stones on which the Chineses often make Merry In the small County Chincheufu not far from the City Hingping on the Mountain Xemeue is a small Lake call'd Yen whose Water continues warm all the Winter Twice a year great numbers of wild Geese flie thither out of the North and South wherefore this Lake is call'd Ien that is A Goose. IN the Territory Nanchangfu in the Province of Kiangsi on the South-East side of the City stands the Lake Tung very much noted for the clearness of its Water and the abundance of Fish which is in the same The great Lake Poyang otherwise call'd Pengli near the City Nankang North-East is three hundred Furlongs long and forty broad borders Westward on the County Nankangfu Eastward on Iaocheufu part of it which respects the City Yukan is call'd Kanglang It contains several Isles as to the South Langma Xuihung and Pipa lying near the City Yukan more Northward Ingcu Chuki Checien and the Mountain Ki lying on an Island Eastward of the chief City Pehoa and Westward of the little Isle Teuxu It receives in the South the River Kan in the East the Logan and in the North the River Kiang In the County of Kienchangfu without and within the chief City lies a Lake the one part call'd Kinquei and the other Kao Near the City Nangfung is also the little Lake Vansui In the Territory Linkiangfu near the City Iuencheu is the Lake Funghoang which not being very big neither increases by abundance of Rain nor decreased by excessive Drought In the County Kieganfu near the City Kiexui lies the Lake Kien and near Ganfo the Pool Mie signifying Hony so call'd from the exceeding sweet Fish which it produces In the Territory Xuicheufu near the City Sinchang there is a Lake whose Water is never muddy but always very clear In the County Iuencheufu on the East side of the City Iuencheu the Lake Tung spreads it self and is call'd The Pleasure of the County for the Chineses often make Feasts on the same and have built several Retreats and Banquetting-houses on its Banks The Lake Mingyo affords the City a Moat through which it is brought with convenient and Navigable Channels which on the East side run into the Lake Tung THe Lake Cienli is situate in the Territory Kiangningfu Eastward near the City Lieyang containing a thousand Furlongs which to the South is united with the Lake Tai in the County Sucheufu Without the Gate of the City Taiping a small Lake call'd Hiuenuu lies on the South-West side not far from the City Liexui Westward from the Lake Tanyang and extends from thence to the Borders of the City Taiping In the County Sucheufu on the West and South-West side of the City Sucheu is the great Lake Tai which according to the Description of the Chineses takes up the space of thirty six thousand Paces Near the City Changxo is the Lake
Kircher in his Atlas Chinensis Near the City Ho towards the South lies the Mountain Lungmuen on which stood formerly a Pagod Chappel with a Library of thirty thousand Books call'd Siyali first built by a Noble-man of that name By the City Fungtu is the Mountain Pungtu accounted amongst the seventy two Mountains so highly extoll'd in the Book of Taosu Near the City Penxui is the Mountain Fonien on which are many Salt-pits In the County Queicheufu Northward from the chief City Queicheu is a Mountain nam'd Chekia on which are seen the Ruines of a Palace once the Residence of the Kings of Sufo Northward beyond the City Van lies the Mountain Tulie which reaches so high into the Clouds that no Bird can flie over it On the Mountain Si which lies Westward from the City Van is yet a pleasant Garden of the Family Sung with a Lake pleasant Groves and many Fruit-Trees On the Mountain Tunghoa lies the City Ta. Near the City Leangxan is the Mountain Kaoleang which extends a thousand Furlongs East and West The Mountain Xehiang in the same County is so call'd from its abundance of Musk. In the Territory Lungganfu Northward from the chief City Lunggan lies the Mountain Cungtung which from thence in a continu'd Ridge runs towards the Countries of Sifan or Prester Iohn's Countrey and to the Damasian Mountains Towards the South-East lies the Mountain Xemuen a Boundary between Sifan and China In the County Mahufu Westward from the City Mahu is the Mountain King which signifies A Looking-Glass so call'd from the Crystal Fountain which springs from its Foot South-East of the City Liucheu is the Mountain Pao on which the Air is of such a Nature that those that have Agues upon them going thither are immediately cur'd thereof In the little County of Yacheu near the City Mingxan lies a Mountain nam'd Mung which rises with five Spires on the highest of which is much Manna by the Chineses call'd Pinglu that is Frozen Dew By the City Pinchai is the Mountain Pecui on which if Snow melts in the Winter the Chineses have observ'd a fruitful Year will follow if not the contrary Not far from the Garrison'd-City Kienchung lies the Mountain Tiexe so call'd from its abundance of Iron Oar. The other Mountains of less note in the Province of Suchien are In the Territory Kingtufu South of the City Kingtu the Mountain Seking By the City Mien the Mountain Tienchi In the County Paoningfu East of the City Paoning the Woody Mountains Paon and Menyping In the County Xungkingfu West of the City Xungking the Mountain Co In the County Sieucheufu South from the City Sieucheu the Mountain Xeching By the City Kingfu the Mountain Hanyang South of the City Tiucum upon the River Kiang the Mountain Lingyuen About the City Riexan the far-stretching Mountain Chungpoe West of the City Han in the County Queicheufu a high and steep Mountain On the Shore of the River Kiang the Mountain Co West of the City Chuniking the Wooddy Mountain Cyuyun In the County Lungganfu the Mountain Talo In the County of Ziencheues North of the City Chungkiang the Mountain Tunquon wherein are Copper Mines Near the City Lochi the pleasant Mountain Ciepion In the County of Muichen the Mountain Gomui and part of the Mountain Min West of the City Muichen the Mountain Peping shining like a Torch in the Night North of the City Kiatung the Mountain Mienkiang Near the City Iung a high Mountain of the same name South-West of the City Liuchen the double-pointed Mountain Fiang By the City Iunking the Mountain Cunglai on which Ice is found in midst of Summer On the shore of the River Kinxa a Mountain of a hundred Furlongs By the City Ufa the Mountains Tain and Umueu Near the City Chinchiun the Mountain Utung Near the City Ly the Woody Mountain Iuliang IN the Province of Huquang in the County Vuchangfu South-East from the chief City Vuchang is the Mountain Tayuon which hath Golden colour'd Stones and Earth Southward from the little City Vuchang is a Mountain of the same denomination on which they say in the time of the Family of Cin a Man appear'd all Hairy and ten Cubits high North-East near the City Kiayu on the shore of the River Kiang a Mountain nam'd Chepie is remarkable for the overthrow which Caocao gave to Cheuyu Southward by the City Kungyang a Ridge of Hills extends two hundred Furlongs over a great Cave Southward from the City Hinque lies the Mountain Chung having on it a Lake with Water as black as Ink. Southward from the City Tungxan is the Mountain Kienyvon that is Of nine Palaces so call'd from the nine Apartments built on the same by the Sons of King Cyngan for places of Retirement to Study in In the County Hanyangfu South West of the City Hanyang lies the Mountain Kieuchin or Of nine Maids so calld from nine Sisters that liv'd and dy'd Virgins there and study'd Chymistry In the County Siangyangfu Southward from the City Kiun is a great Mountain call'd Vutang which with a great number of Spring-heads rises up to the Skie upon it are twenty four Lakes or Pools there are also many stately Temples with Cloysters the Residences of Priests Eastward from the City Ingxan is the Mountain Tungting with a great Cave of incredible depth Not far from it to the South is a Mountain nam'd Kie on which the Ruins of the ancient City Kieyang are to be seen Westward from the City Hoangmui is the Mountain Sucu Crown'd with a Chappel which is Consecrated to four Chineses who were in high Veneration for their skill in Physick and also a stately Tower with nine Galleries In the County Kincheufu Southward from the City Changyang is the Mountain Fang which is said to be of such a Nature that in Spring and Harvest not the least breath of Wind can be perceiv'd thereon but in the Summer continual Blasts blow strongly out of its Caverns as in Winter they blow into them Westward near the City Sungki begins the Mountain Kieucang which extends to the River Kiang and with a double row of continu'd Rocks incloses the same and makes the way between to be long and dangerous Southward from the City Quei lies the Mountain Cutai which is Crown'd with a Palace of the old Emperors In the County Yocheufu on the South side of the chief City Yocheu is the Mountain Pauo famous for a stately Temple and Cloyster situate between two Lakes In the Lake Tungting at the South-West part of the City Yucheu the Mountain Kiun makes an Island at the South-East end of the City the Mountain Uxe produces littles Stones which by the Physicians amongst other Medicines are given for sore Throats By the City Linsiang the great Mountain Tayang shoots up with seventy Spiry Heads and another Westward from the City Hoayang nam'd Tung that is a hundred Furlongs full of Pine-Trees There is likewise the Mountain Fangtai Eastward from
Enemies The City hath three straight and long Streets which all concenter before the Royal Palace from whence one leads to the Sea the second to one of the City-Gates and the third to the Mountain-Gate None of the Streets are pav'd except those three for the other By-Lanes and Alleys are Sandy And notwithstanding the whole may be Navigated by Channels that run through every Street which receive their Waters from the foremention'd Rivers yet are they very foul because when the Water falls it goes off so slowly Near the Court on the West side of the City stands a spacious Temple on the East-side the Arsenal and on the South side the Kings Palace artificially built with spacious Courts and Walks within At the end of the Street that leads into the Countrey stand the Mayor or Chief Magistrates House wherein all the Kings Servants or Slaves reside and where are also his Stables and other Offices The City stands divided into four parts over every one of which a Noble-man hath the chief Command in time of War Fire or other Accidents In each of these is also a Drum as big as a Rhenish-Wine Fat whereon they beat with a Hammer which always hangs near it when any Uproar happens The Merchandise to be had there are all sorts of Wrought and un-wrought Silks flower'd and plain of divers Colours as Peelings Hokiens and the like They trade also in white Linnen At Noon the Vice-Admiral Van Campen found himself in fourteen Degrees and forty Minutes Northern Latitude and in the Morning came up with Admiral Van Bort with seven Ships and a Jonk The twenty second about Sun-rising the Fleet spied Poele Canton North-West and by North about five Leagues from them and were in the Latitude of fifteen Degrees and thirty one Minutes their Course North-East The twenty third the Fleet was in sixteen Degrees and fourteen Minutes North Latitude The twenty fourth being Munday they discover'd the Island Hainan at a good distance from them and taking observation at Noon were in eighteen Degrees and fifteen Minutes about four or five Leagues South-East from Hainan The twenty fifth about Noon they reach'd nineteen Degrees and fifty one Minutes The twenty sixth they had twenty one Degrees and seven Minutes North Latitude and were within four or five Leagues bearing South-South-West from the Southermost Island of Macao or Macau in twenty six and twenty seven Fathom Water The twenty seventh the Zierikzee and Ter-Boede cast Anchor in the Evening near the Island of Macau by the Box-Heads being separated from the rest of the Fleet by Misty Weather that being the appointed Rendezvouz where they were to meet if by any Accident they should lose one another The next day in the Forenoon Indiik accompanied with the Loosduinen Singing-bird and three Frigats Domburgh High-land and Meliskerke came to an Anchor in the same place under the Coast of Macau in thirteen Fathom Water gravelly Ground which made up their Number eight The Islands of Macau receive their Denomination from the City of the same name scituate on a small hanging Islet joyn'd to one that is somewhat bigger a Ship may without danger in Stormy Weather Sail betwixt and there lie Land-lock'd riding in an always smooth Sea where they never want store of Fresh-water from the living Spring The twenty ninth being Saturday Indiik by putting out a white Flag gave the Signal to the Commanders of the other Ships to come aboard to Council where it was judg'd convenient because Indiik suppos'd that the staying with the Ships bound for Iapan would be chargeable to weigh Anchor in the Morning put again to Sea and sail through the Isles of Macau ordering every Ship now and then to fire a Gun in hopes thereby to meet again with the other five Their Course being Nor-East by East and Nor-Nor-East in sixteen seventeen and eighteen Fathom gravelly Ground about nine of the Clock they bore up with one of the greatest of the Macau Islands in Portuguese call'd Ilhas de Lemas where they saw five Champans or Jonks lying neer the Shore which had a few Houses Here also eight of the Fleet dropp'd Anchor for Indiik with two laden Flyboats steer'd for Iapan The Boats went ashore well Mann'd where they found five great Champans with their Fishing-Nets and above five thousand dried and salted Shepherd-Fish with two hundred Pots of the Rows of the same Fish pickled The Chineses taking their flight into the Woods so left all their Goods to the disposal of the Hollanders onely three were overtaken by the Sea-men and carried aboard the Vice-Admiral who asking them from whence they came they told him From Xantung and also inform'd him of Coxinga's Death who were glad of the News and paid the poor Men for their Fish In the Afternoon they joyn'd with the Admiral Bort and the other lost and separated Vessels which lay at Anchor full three Leagues to Lee-ward of the most Easterly Macaan Isles where they were not able to row ashore with their Boats because of the swiftness of the Current The Admiral making the usual Signal the rest of the Captains came aboard where he ruffling a little and chiding them for not keeping their Rendezvouz according to Order he set upon each of them the Penalty to bring him aboard eight Hogsheads of Water The one and thirtieth in the Morning the Fleet setting sail was at Noon in twenty two Degrees and twelve Minutes a League and a half North-East and by East from Pedro Branke About Noon spying five Sail in the North-East the Vice-Admiral Van Campen made Chase after them and coming up with one in the Evening took it with three Chineses from Tamsua and some fresh and salt Fish On Tuesday the first of August the Vice-Admiral went aboard the Naerden Frigat to know what he should do with the three Chineses and their Vessel Bort replied That he should let them go At Noon the Fleet was in twenty two Degrees and thirty six Minutes in twenty and twenty one Fathom Water fine Sandy Ground mix'd with Shells and the next day at Noon in twenty three Degrees and thirty eight Minutes bearing about three Leagues West-South-West from the Island Tang Goie in twenty two and twenty three Fathom Water Sandy Ground mix'd with small Shells their Course North-East and by East In the Afternoon they spied several Fisher-Boats in the North-East which the Admiral and Vice-Admiral order'd to be chased The Loenen Pink overtaking one of them found onely one Man in her the rest escaping by swimming The third the Fleet came up with the Point of Puthay lying on the main Coast of China Northward from them their Course North-East and by North along the Shore This Point of Land appears in Prospect Mountainous yet full of Valleys and Plains planted with Trees of a wondrous height whose Wood is as black as Pitch and as hard and smooth as polish'd Marble or Ivory some resembling Ebony some a reddish Colour
the Hollanders continuing firm to their Resolution after many Messages toss'd too and fro at last it was brought so far that he not only excus'd them from going to Tangsoa and Lamoa but also consented that with all the Fleet they might go to Formosa promising likewise that he would send two Jonks Mann'd with two hundred Soldiers to Formosa under the Command of two Mandarins with Letters to demand that Countrey for the Hollanders But if the Enemies would not surrender to the Hollanders nor submit to the Tartars that then one of their Ships should come back with the two Jonks and Mandarins to inform him of it that he might send all his Navy and Forces to their assistance which according to the Admirals Request they should have confirm'd under his Sign Manual before they set Sail. In the Evening Admiral Bort advis'd the Vice-Admiral Lairesse in a Letter of all that had pass'd ashore The tenth he having resolv'd to go aboard the next Morning desir'd his Goods might be put into a Jonk and that he might be furnish'd with Coelyes for that purpose These Coelyes by others call'd Poelyes are a mean sort of Laboring People that for small Wages will serve any Person whatsoever in the Carriage of Burdens and Commodities from Place to Place as our Porters or Carriers They wear Shoes of Straw or Leather which they tie about their Ancles with a String made fast at their Toes and are so swift of Foot that they can match a Horse in his full speed In the Afternoon Captain Poleman was sent to Singlamong to thank him for the Kindnesses shewn to them while they had been on Shore and also to acquaint him that they would wait five or six days longer for the two Jonks and Mandarins with two hundred Soldiers and also the Letter to the Governors of Tayowan Lastly to present his Highness in the Admirals name a Pair of Pistols and Holsters and a Sword with a guilded Hilt At his Return Poleman related what he had receiv'd in answer That his Highness was sorry he could give no better Entertainment but he hoped they would excuse it as being in a Camp and not a City That he would send the two Jonks and Mandarins with the Soldiers and also the Letter to the Governor of Tayowan at the appointed day That he accepted the Presents because they consisted in Arms pretending to be asham'd because the Ong or King of Batavia had twice sent to him and he had not made one Return But he would not forget to present him by the Finch some of the Products of his own Countrey with a Letter and humble Thanks for his good Inclination towards him The eleventh the Admiral and all his Retinue took their leaves and soon after went to the Fleet and Singlamong with his Army to Soanchieuw The twelfth in the Afternoon the Admiral came near the low Point of Quemuy aboard of the Zierikzee Frigat The thirteenth several Jonks went from thence to Eymuy and Soanchieuw whither Tonganpek was gone four days before in which time he had written a Letter to the Admiral to this effect I Thank you for the Honor and Kindness which I have receiv'd from you since We joyn'd Our Fleets Now the Enemy is fled there is great hopes that you may easily regain your Countreys of Tayowan and Formosa The Pyrate is retir'd to Tangsoa whither We must pursue him to which purpose I will fit out eighty great and small Jonks under the Command of Choentsay and Goemtsin which shall Sail to Eymuy and there joyn with Sitetok's Fleet I would have gone my self in Person but that I am oblig'd to go to Soanchefoe to receive an Honor sent from the Court at Peking to be conferr'd upon Me which I thought good by these to acquaint your Honor with In the Evening two Mandarins brought a Letter to the Admiral from the General Lipovi at Soanchieuw and also five hundred Picols of Rice which he had formerly promis'd to the Seamen and Soldiers The fourteenth in the Morning the Admiral went ashore in the Island Quemuy where he view'd some ruin'd Villages and especially the Wall'd City Savja-Houpon being built in a pleasant Place and full of fair Houses but burnt by the Tartars before the Hollanders coming thither This Town according to the Relation of the Netherland Prisoner Maurice Iansz was first built by the foremention'd Savja in the time when old Coxinga went from thence to besiege Tayowan having before had his Residence in Eymuy from whence he went to Quemuy About six Months before Savja and his Brothers went thence and Embarqu'd themselves to go over to the Tartars because young Coxin continually oppress'd them by over-heavy Taxations Coxin having notice of this Flight of Savja sent Messengers to him with fair Promises not to molest him for the future and to make him Chief Governor of Eymuy and Quemuy which Bait taking he return'd but was soon dispatch'd out of the way and all his Goods seiz'd which being told to his Brothers which were not yet come back of which Tonganpek was one they went over to the Tartars In the Afternoon the Admiral return'd aboard whither in his way going into the Boat he found many dead Bodies which had been cruelly Butcher'd by the Tartars The seventeenth two Mandarins came from Soanchieuw to the Admiral with the seal'd Letters from Singlamong in which he advis'd the seventeen Chinese Commanders on Formosa and Tayowan to submit with their Soldiers and Countrey-men The Letter was this effect Lipovi's Letter sent to Tsiakoensin Wetingwan Toerlinpetensin Posinsojau Yogaukiloo Yoewetsji-kay Gautinong Soanchyong Nioetingli Chuenkicin Lioetsingoen Kiwintsiwan Suangi Gautinghtoe Yuensaugautingwan Sinkintingjang Ympincin Lioetsinang all Commanders in Tayowan THis is to let you understand That the Heavens Sun Moon and Stars nay all the Elements have hunted you from one Place to another till at last you came with Coxin into Tayowan Now I and Singlamong tell you by this Our Letter That on the tenth Moon the one and twentieth day with Ours and the Hollanders Forces We have conquer'd the Isles of Eymuy and Quemuy and all the other adjacent Places of your Generals and drove them so long till they are fled to Tongsoa where Kimsia Coxinga's Son and all his Party do now sculk but cannot find Sustenance there for so many People Who knows not that in short time he will die of Hunger His Forces have already the last Month receiv'd a terrible blow for one of Our Generals call'd Wansumpin slew above ten thousand Men besides two hundred which he took Prisoners amongst which are three Mandarins Tsiausou Syancin and Rikkoe We have also taken from them in the Haven Yuntzauw a hundred and fifty Jonks and Vessels Yet since Singlamong and I know that you intend and resolve to come to Us and freely submit your selves to Our Government and Realm when a fair Opportunity is offer'd therefore We have sent these Agents and Letters with the Holland Forces to Tayowan
The second County call'd Kiahingfu every where water'd with Rivers and Lakes borders in the East upon the Sea in the South upon a part of the Ocean and part of Hangcheufu Westward at Hucheufu and in the North at Sucheufu and Sungkiangfu the Territory of Nanking and a part of the Lake call'd Tai. This Shire contains six Cities viz. Kiahing Kiaxeny Hayeni Pinghu Cungte and Tungchiang The Metropolis Kiahing was formerly a small City and subject to Sucheu but growing in Riches and Greatness in the Reign of the Taimingian Family it was made the Head City or Metropolis and chang'd its former Name Siucheu to Kiahing The City Kiahang being the most Northern of the whole Province lies as if it were Moated about with Rivulets of Water full of stately and well built Structures flourishing with variety of its own Product having in all Places Riches and Plenty All the Streets of the City are Arch'd under which they walk as in a Piatzo or Exchange free from Wind and Weather and sheltred from Sun and Rain Without the City are several Triumphal Arches erected and on the West side near the River in one peculiar Place which they Sail by with their Ships or Vessels stand sixteen of these Arches in a Square all built of Marble Athwart the River stands a Bridge of Marble with many Arches seventy Paces long and likewise a Tower thrusting forth towards the Skye nine Pinacles or Spires All the Shores without the City are wharfed with square Free-stone of which also the lesser Bridges are made that lead over them There are forty more fair Bridges leading to several parts of the City besides a great many less scarce to be numbred The third County being Hucheufu borders in the East with Kiahingfu in the South upon Hangcheufu in the West verges the Province of Nanking in the North at the Lake Tai. This was formerly a Kingdom of it self and nominated Tung which first was possess'd by King V. and afterwards by Ine then by Cu. The Family Cyn gave this County and its Head City the Name of Uching that of Tang call'd it Hucheu that is The City of the Lake because of the neighboring Lake Tai for Hu signifies a Lake and Cheu a City the Royal Line of Sung nam'd it Chaoking but the Taimingian Family restor'd the old Name Hucheu Here are five Temples the chiefest of which stands within the City Walls they were founded in honor of the five first Emperors This Division contains six Cities viz. Hucheu Changhing Tecing Hiaosung Unkang and Gankie Hucheu is not onely the chief but reckon'd one of the biggest and flourishes in Trade and Riches It is adorn'd with many beautiful and large Buildings The fourth Niencheufu is a mountainous and rough Countrey and borders Eastward on the River Chee South at Kincheufu the West on Nanking and the North on Hancheufu It was formerly call'd Suntu next by the Family of Han Lecheu and lastly by that of Sung Niencheufu It contains six Cities Niencheu Xungan Tungliu Suigan Xeuchang and Fuentui The Metropolis Niencheu stands upon a rising Ground between the Singan and Chee which two Navigable Rivers before the Walls conjoyn their Waters The fifth Kinhoafu touches North and East upon Xaohingfu and Taicheâ—…fu in the South upon Chucheâ—…fu in the West conterminates with Kincheufu and the remainder bounded by the River Chee King Loang call'd this with its Metropolis first by the Name of Kinhoa that is Venus Flower for the Chineses say that the Goddess Venus striving here with another which they call Vuniu that is a Masculine Woman and the same which the Poets call Pallas a Flower which obtaining they styl'd her Kingsing that is Golden Star and the City receiv'd the Name of Kinhoa that is Venus Flower This City Kinhoa was formerly very populous and full of well built Edifices but in the late Tartar War in which they held out a considerable time was in a manner buried in Ruines yet nevertheless it is almost re-erected and especially one Stone Bridge on the West side hath obtain'd its former lustre This County hath eight Cities Kinhoa Lanki Tungagang Yui Iungkang Vuy Pukiang and Tanki Near the small City Lanki you may see another Bridge over the Chee some few years since re-built and now much better than the former burnt by the Tartars The sixth call'd Kincheufu being the most Southern of all this Province borders in the East at Kinhoafu in the South-East at Chincheufu in the South-West upon Fokien in the West on that of Nanking and in the North at Niencheufu In the time of the Kings Reigns this Province with the two former suffer'd divers great Changes and Alterations the Family Cyn after they had taken all China call'd its Metropolis Taimo Han nam'd it Singuan and the Family Tang gave it the Name which it now hath It contains five Cities viz. Kincheu Lungyeu Changxan Kiangzan and Kaihoa The City Kincheu lies on the Eastern Shore of the River Changyo three days Journey from Fokien between steep and troublesom Mountains to pass over Paulus Venetus calls this City Kugui according to the Tartar pronunciation with whom he travell'd in an Embassy thither who in stead of Cheu say Gui both Words signifying Great City wherefore Paulus may easily have made Kugui to be Kuicheu The seventh Division or Shire Chucheufu inviron'd with several high Mountains borders in the East at Veucheufu in the South-West at Fokien in the North-West at Kuicheufu in the North upon the County Kinhaofu In the time of the Kings this Countrey was also subject to various Revolutions and strange Alterations The Family Tang gave it the Name of Hocheu the Taimingian that of Chucheu This Chucheufu contains ten Cities of which Cheucheu is the Metropolis the rest are Cingtien Ciniquun Sungyang Sunchang Lunguven Kingyven Iunko Sivenping and Kingning besides three famous Temples The City of Chincheu which is very populous lieth upon the River Tung which falls into the Sea and able to carry Ships of good burthen The eighth Tract of Land being Xaohingfu borders in the East with Ningpofu North upon the River Cientang in the West at that of Chee and opposite to Hangcheufu in the South at Kinhoafu and Taicheufu The Family Sung first gave this Countrey the present Name Xoahing but it was formerly by the Family Tang call'd Iucheu It reckons seven Cities Xaohing Siaoxan Chuki Yuyae Xangyu Xing Sinchang The City of Xoahing though not so big yet in handsom Buildings exceeds the Metropolis being seated in a pleasant Plain Moated with fresh Water very much resembling Venice the Water gliding through every Street which are all curiously Pav'd and the Walls of the Houses all built of Free-Stone which in China is very rare and scarce to be seen in any other Place in the whole Empire The Bridges also over which they pass the River and Lake are all built in the same manner being very numerous The Banks of the River
On the other side of the Channel to the West lies a Suburb neither lesser nor emptier of People than the City it self Between these lie several Bridges over which they pass out of one into another beyond the Bridges the Channel extends it self to a greater breadth and receives Water from several Places which makes so great a Navigation by that City that it cannot be express'd for all the Ships or Vessels that come from the Province of Chekiang and the other Eastern Towns to go to Peking and other Places must stop here to put up their Masts and hold out their Sails not being able hitherto to use them because of the many Bridges in that Channel for from hence to the Grand Metropolis Peking no Bridge is suffer'd excepting one to draw up This City by some justly call'd Kinkeu that is The Mouth of the Court because there are continually Freighted Vessels going from hence to Peking The seventh Division call'd Yangcheufu borders in the North at the River Hoai East at the Sea Southward upon the Stream of Kiang West on Nankingfu and the little County Chucheufu and the North and by West conterminates with Fungyangfu This contains ten Cities viz. Yâ—…ngcheu Ychin Taihing Kaoyeu Hinghoa Paoyng Tai Iucao Fung and Haimuen of which Kaoyeu and Tai are the biggest Northward over the River Kiang is a great Sluce near the Garison Quacheu where the foremention'd Channel takes its beginning along which they Row up to the City Yangcheu which lies on the East-side of it as on the West the Suburb which formerly stretch'd a German League but was ruin'd in the last Tartar War The City Yancheu is full of large and stately buildings and in many Places moistned with Graffs of fresh Water over which lead Stone Bridges consisting of twenty four Arches besides many lesser not to be reckon'd There is also a Custom-house for the Emperor's use The chief Trade which the Inhabitants follow is the dealing in Salt for in the East of this County near the Sea are many Salt-pits The eighth being Hoaiganfu Confines in the East upon the Sea in the South with the River Hoai in the South-West and West with Fungyangfu and Sucheufu and in the North with the Province of Xantung The whole Tract of Land is cut through with Rivers and Lakes It contains ten Towns Hoaigan the chief Cingho Gantung Taoyven Moyang Hai Canyu Pi Souven and Ciuning Hai and Pi are great Cities In the time of the Emperor Yu this County belong'd to that of Iancheu under the Government Ten and belong'd first to King V. afterwards to Iue then to Cu. In the time of the Family Hun the City Hoaigan was onely a small Town call'd Hoaiyu afterwards Han call'd her Linhoan but the present Name and Title the House of Sung gave her This City lying on the Eastern Shore of the digg'd Channel is divided into two Parts a Southern and a Northern yet both inclos'd in one Wall of which the South side bears the Name of Hoaigan and the North of Yeuching The one side is enlarg'd with a Suburb which extends in length along the Banks of the Channel a German Mile out of which they enter into the Yellow River In the Suburb are two Custom-houses in the one the Customs for Goods are paid and in the other for Ships according to their Burthen all which Money is kept and bestow'd upon the repairing of their Sluces in the Channel against the force of the Water for to the Northward of this City are three Water-falls yet nevertheless a great part of it goes to the Emperor's Treasury In this City the Vice-Roy being the Emperor's Purveyor hath his Residence who Commands with arbitrary Power over the seven Southern Provinces The ninth Lucheufu borders in the North at Fungyangfu in the East at Hocheufu and the River Kiang in the South at Gankingfu and in the West at the Province of Huquang and Honan It contains eight Cities Lucheu the chief the rest Xuching Lukiang Vuguei Cao Logan Iugran Hoxan most of them lying on the Shore of the famous Lake Cao Vuguei and Logan are the biggest In ancient Times this Countrey stood like the former subject to the Family Cheu under whom it became an intire Kingdom and nam'd Lucu but soon after was taken from them by the Kings Cu. In the time of the Family Han it was with its chief City call'd Lukiang but the present Name given by the Emperor Sui Near the small City Logan are two stately Temples and a large Bridge The tenth County Gankingfu borders in the North at Lucheufu in the East and South-East at the River Kiang in the West and North-West at the Province of Huquang This Countrey contains six Towns viz. Ganking Tunchiang Cienxan Taihu Sosung Vangkiang was formerly call'd Von and subdu'd by King Cu after which the Family of Tang nam'd it Sucheu that of Sung Ganking The City Ganking stands situate on the Eastern Shore of the River Ganking and for Wealth and Trade compares with the famousest Cities in this Province for all that comes out of the other County to go to Nanking comes first hither Because this Tract of Land joyns the three Provinces Kiangsi Huquang and Nanking and lies well for any Warlike Undertaking it hath a Vice-Roy who maintains a strong Garison in the Castle Haimusen for a defence of the Lake Poyang and the River Kiang The Family Tang caus'd an Iron Pillar to be erected there of three Rods high and of a proportionable thickness Anvil'd out of an intire Piece The eleventh Shire being Taipingfu is surrounded with the River Kiang or rather lies between two of her Branches and moreover verges in the East with a part of the Lake Tanyang where it borders with the County of Kiangning This County belong'd formerly to the Kingdom of V. afterwards to Iue next to Cu but was at last by the Family of Cyn reduc'd under that of Chang. The House of Han call'd it Tanyang Tang Nanyu Sung first nam'd it Pingnan and lastly Taiping which Name it retains to this day It contains three Cities viz. Taiping Vehu and Fachang of which Vehu the biggest and richest hath also a Custom-house and lies on an Island between the two Arms of the River Kiang which afterwards joyn together at the City of Nanking The twelfth being Ningquefu borders in the North at the River Kiang in the East at Quanghefu in the South at Hoecheufu and in the West at Chicheufu It is a mountainous Countrey and contains six Towns viz. Ningque the Great and Ningque the Less King Taiping Cingte Nanling The chief City Ninque lies on the Eastern Shore of the River Von Within her Walls are pleasant Hills Warrens magnificent Buildings and abundance of Chesnut and Pear-trees Neaâ—… the little City King stands a fair Chappel in the Chinese Tongue call'd Hiangsi that is A sweet smelling Hart and is Dedicated to five Maidens which when they were taken by Pyrats
would rather endure death than suffer their Honor to be blemish'd The thirteenth County Chicheufu borders in the East upon Ningquefu in the South-East touches Hoeicheufu in the South-West lies the Province Kiangsi the North-West hath the River Kiang and in the North a Promontory at the same River for Boundaries This Countrey was formerly under the Kingdom of V. soon after under Iue next under Cu. King Loang call'd it Nanling Siu Cieupu and the Family of Tang the present Name Chicheufu It comprehends six Towns viz. Chicheu the chief Cinyang Tungling Xetai Kiente Tunglieu and four stately Temples The City Chicheu stands seated on the Southern Shore of the River Kiang The fourteenth Division Hoeicheufu being the most Southern of all this Province conterminates in the East with the Province of Chekiang in the South with a Promontory in the South-West with that of Kiangsi in the North-West with Chicheufu and in the North with Ningquefu This Countrey in the time of the Kings suffer'd the same misfortune as the fore-mention'd The Name Hoeichu it receiv'd of the Family Sung and possesseth six Towns viz. Hoeichu the chiefest the rest are Hicuning Vuyveng Kimuen In Cieki This Hoeichu is a Place of great Trade especially famous for making the best Chinese Ink and wax'd Chests The four small Territories of this Province are Quangte Hochen Chucheu and Siucheu every one call'd by the Name of their principal City The first of them being Quangte borders Eastward upon the prime County Kiangningfu and Hangcheufu in the South upon Hoeicheufu in the West looks at Ningquefu and in the North runs with a Point to the River Kiang This County hath two Towns Quangte the chief and Kienping both situate at the Foot of a pleasant Mountain call'd Hong and Ling. The City Quangte is not onely fair but also abounds with Silk The second call'd Hocheu hath for Limits in the North the third small and twelfth great Territory Chucheu in the East and South Kiangningfu and in the West Lucheufu This Shire contains two Cities of which Hocheu is the chiefest and Hawxan The City of Hocheu is famous because heretofore the Residence of a great Robber Chu who Anno 1368. drove the Tartars out of China The third little County in which the great City Cheucheu stands whose Denomination it bears verges in the North and West with the second Territory Pungyangfu in the East with the Lake Piexe and the seventh great Shire Yangcheufu in the South with Kiangningfu and the two little Territories of the City Hocheu This County contains three Cities of which Chucheu is the chiefest and biggest and the other two much less are Civenciao and Laigan The fourth small County in which the great Siucheu is situate is the most Northern of this Province and borders in the East upon Hoaiganfu in the South upon Tunyangfu in the West upon Honan in the North at that of Xantung In the middle it is cut through by the Yellow River and is of great consequence because it conterminates with four Provinces and contains five Cities Sieuchu Siao Tangxang Fung and Poi On the North-West side of the City Siucheu lies a Bridge made of thirty five Ships linked together with Iron Chains Here also is another Bridge that runs athwart the River Pieu This City Sieucheu is also famous because the Emperor Lieupang promoter of the Family of Han after he had taken the City of Poi set forth from hence to conquer the Empire Thus much of the Province of Nanking now we will return to our Embassy AFter the Netherlanders had gotten fresh Men to Tow them they set forward again over the River Sung on the twenty fifth and Landed about ten a Clock at the City Sucheu where they chang'd their Barques No sooner they arriv'd at the West Gate of the City where they were to Embarque again but the Mandarin who had the Command of the Vessels came to bid them welcom and invited them to Dine with him the next day and moreover presented them with two Porkers as many Sheep four Hens two Pots of Drink several sorts of Fruit and twelve Pices of Silk-Stuffs which were all deliver'd to the Ambassador himself with request that he would please to accept them Van Hoorn thanking him for his good inclination and trouble which he had taken upon him and also for the Presents said That he would accept of the Provision because he would not seem to despise them but as for the Stuffs he could not do it because it was not customary therefore he desir'd them to excuse him Moreover that he could not possibly come to Dine with him the next Morning partly for his indisposition being tir'd with his Journey and partly fearing to displease the Conbon of the City if he went any where to a Feast before he went to him with which Excuses they seeming to be satisfi'd took their leave The next Morning being the twenty sixth the Horses being till that time prevented by Stormy Weather were Landed and put in Stables ashore The twenty seventh nothing hapned of note onely some Mandarins came from the Vice-Roy Singlamong who keeps in this City to the number of twenty five to Complement and Welcom the Ambassador whilst the Netherlanders waited for fresh Vessels to be gone again of which they then saw no likelihood notwithstanding the Mandarine Guides had told them the day before that without fail they should have them as that day They also saw little hopes of their going there being no convenient Vessels to be had to carry their Horses The Conbon having the day before sent to ask the Hollanders if they had no Pistols nor Sword-blades to dispose of it was judg'd fit on the twenty eighth observing what Courtesies the fore-mention'd Lord might do them in their coming thither to present him with a pair of Pistols two Sword-blades five Ells of Scarlet one String of Amber two Pieces of Linnen and a Quilt But the Conbon would not accept any thing of the Presents which were carry'd to him by the Secretary onely the Pistols and Sword-blades so that the rest he brought back again In the Evening a Mandarin sent from the Conbon came to Present the Ambassador in requital for his Pistols and Sword-blades with twelve Pieces of Silk-Stuffs four Porkers four Goats Geese Hens and other fresh Provisions which were accepted but the Silk-Stuffs sent back again The twenty ninth Genko the Interpreter inform'd the Ambassador that at his coming an Envoy had been there who just before was sent from the Emperor at Peking to bring the Chineses of Tayowan under his Obedience The same day more Presents and also the Oxen were put into new Barques and likewise the Horses were Embarqu'd again into the same Vessels which they came in there being no convenient Vessels to be got for them there Soon after they prepar'd all things to be gone the next day onely staying for Fodder for the Horses of
white Cloth they had fastned about their Middle and so throwing them into the Flame they were released of their Mourning Lastly they pull'd off all their Mourning Habit and leaving it there went home Three days after the prime Governors of the first Order came thither with the Tartars the Chineses being lockt out and prepar'd a new Funeral at which they us'd the same Ceremonies carrying Fans and leading Horses and Cammels The same four Grandees brought another Sute of the Emperor's and a Hat having onely one great Pearl on the Crown which they as before threw on Paper Heaps and likewise some Saddles beset with Pearls and Diamonds which done every one returned home All these Ceremonies are renew'd from day to day till the hundredth day during which time no Musick may be heard nor any Plays acted through all the City and they continue mourning after the hundredth for the Tartars watch by the Coffin continually After the expiration of two years when the time was come to carry the Corps to the appointed Grave twenty four Leagues from the City of Peking all the Mandarins conducted the Corps on Foot out of the City where they took leave of it on their bended Knees Zungte the Emperor of China and Tartary made some years since a very great Funeral for one of his Concubines which was after this manner He accompanied the Corps in Person out of his Palace Gates where the Body was laid in State till the expiration of a hundred days at the end of which to be burnt and by his Order to have Offerings made for it every fourth day the Materials for which besides the other Preparations cost the Emperor above ten thousand Ducats Amongst other wasteful Ceremonies he caus'd all the Tables with their Silken Cloths to be thrown into the Fire The Bier followd as we said before by the Emperor was cover'd with Velvet before it were carry'd three Sedans seeming to be all Gold though onely Gilt which being beset with Precious Stones made a glorious show before the Sedans went three Wains drawn by Horses which being cover'd on the top were also richly Gilded thousands of People made daily a great Cry and the rest of the Ceremonies were all like the fore-mention'd in which they say was spent eight hundred thousand Ducats With a peculiar magnificence and splendor was formerly solemniz'd the Funeral of a Chinese Emperor and Empress Semedo describes that of the Empress Mother to the Emperor Vanlie who deceased Anno 1614. on the last of May in the following words I. That all the Mandarins as well Military as Civil should on the following day appear in the Palace to Mourn for the Empresses Death which being done they should immediately go again to their Houses and Courts of Judicature and there spend three days in abstaining from Flesh Fish Eggs and Wine that the following three days they should attend at the Palace Gate and one by one come and visit the Corps with due Reverence and shews of great Sorrow after which every one might return home II. That all the Mandarins Wives of the four first Orders should for three days be there present in Mourning Apparel from Head to Foot and bewail the Empresses Death strictly forbidding to Dress themselves or wear Jewels in their Houses during twenty seven days III. That those of the Emperor's Council call'd Hanlim should make Epitaphs and Funeral Orations in praise of the Empress IV. That the Quanlosu which are the Overseers of the Emperor's Treasury should without delay pay all the Charge which would be requisite for the Offerings and Funeral V. That the Bonzies should Toll the Bells of their several Temples as a sign of Mourning and Sorrow VI. That no Meat should be sold in the Markets for seventeen days and every one Fast according to the Emperor's Example who for the three first days did eat onely a little Rice and Water and all his Retinue nothing but Roots VII The prime Councellor of their Laws was commanded to give Mourning to all Ambassadors and Agents then present at the Court and bring them to the Palace to shew Reverence to the Corps according to the Custom of the Countrey VIII That all the Mandarins which had Serv'd out the time of their Employments or those that aim'd at other Places should also come to the Palace and shew Reverence and perform their Duty in Mourning over the Corps three days IX That the Free-men of the City should come every Morning and Evening for the space of a whole Week to the chief Governor's Palace and there shew Reverence They also sent Letters to all the Mandarins distributed through all the Provinces and Cities of the Empire that after they had receiv'd tydings of the Empresses Decease they should use all means possible to make their Relations both Men Women and Children shew Reverence by three times kneeling and bowing of their Heads and besides other Ceremonies Mourn twenty seven days This Order is expresly given to all Mandarins as well those that are in Office as others whether Civil or Military It is likewise Order'd that the Burgesses shall wear a Mourning Hat for the space of thirty days They also forbid that any Instruments should be touch'd either in the Mandarins Palaces or Houses or in any Place wherein Travellers are Lodg'd upon the Emperor's Charge This was proclaim'd by certain Mandarins that follow no other Employment After all these Ceremonies before the Funeral the great Magician at the Court in Peking was commanded to chuse the Days wherein the remaining Funeral Pomp was to be solemniz'd After much study and care he pitch'd upon the ninth day of the sixth Moon being four Moneths after the Empresses Death for the Coffin to be carry'd out of the Palace and the fifteenth of the same Moneth to the Grave The time being come the following Order was publish'd to be observ'd at the Funeral I. That all the Mandarins of the Court should with the chief Councellors six days before go out of their Houses into their several Chambers at Court and there fast three days as is before mention'd II. That the Receivers of the Emperor's Revenues should prepare all Neçessaries as Torches Perfumes Images of Men Horses Lyons Elephants Silk Umbrella's and other Ornamentals to be burnt at the Grave The Charge whereof was said to amount to thirty thousand Escu's III. That the Lords of the Council Hanlim should make new Funeral Elegies IV. Because the Emperor intending to accompany the Corps to the Grave about seven Leagues from the Palace happen'd to be somewhat indispos'd he would send a Grand Courtier in his stead to perform that necessary Duty V. The Martial Officers must keep Watch in the City and by the Grave and also to guard the Corps thither At every Gate of the City which were nine stood a thousand Armed Men from the Place where the Corps lay to the Grave the way on both sides was Guarded by Soldiers Three thousand conducted the Body and
signifies Enough The Feu begins in the North part of the Province of Suchuen in the County Lungganfu on the South-West side of the City Lunggan passing from thence South through this and the Territory Chingtufu and Eastward by the City Tungchuen from whence it bends East and glides through the County Chunkingfu where near the Mountain Pu it mingles with the Ta. The Chuen which springs in the Mountains Northward from the City Quanggan in the County Xankingfu and gliding South by the West side of the City Quanggan more Southerly by the West side also of the City Gochi at the end of the County falls into the River Sung or Sihan In it are thirty six deep Water-falls where it descends violently with great noise The Sung by some call'd Sihan begins in the Province of Xensi in thirty Degrees and fifty Minutes Northern-Latitude at the East side of the Garrison Mincheu from whence it passes Southward and in thirty three Degrees and forty Minutes North-Latitude enters the Province of Suchuen then running through the County Paoningfu by the West side of the City Zangki receives the Tung falling out of the Mountain Xeyen so gliding by the City Paoning enters at last into the Territory of Chungkingfu and near the Mountain Fu joyns with the Rivers Pa and Feu which all loose themselves near the City Chungking in the River Kiang The Xe which rises in the Mountains Westward from the City Kien passes Southward through the Mountain Tapa and with several Windings glides Eastward by the City Lenting and Xehung then passing on South-East makes way through the County of Xunkingfu and mixes at the South-end thereof with the River Sihan or Sung The Xemuen or Heng runs through the South part of the Territory Siucheufu by the South-West side of the City Siucheu with great force and Precipices call'd the Bell because it makes a noise like a Bell re-sounding with Ecchoes Lastly the River Xemuen falls in the Kiang The Stream Cingy also passing on the East side of the same Territory fills the River Kiang The Cing and Tosiang cut through the Territory Queicheufu the first which takes Original in the Lake Cingyven and falls joyn'd with the Tosiang which glides out of the Lake Cienking into the Kiang Eastward from the City Queicheu Cing signifies Clear because its water is clearer than any other Rivers in this Province The Tahoa which passes through the South side of the County Chunkingfu glides Northward by the West side of the City Vulung and falls on the West side also of the City Changxu into the River Kiang The Kiu or Kiukiang begins with two Branches the one call'd Piniao in the South part of the Province of Queicheu Westward from the City Luken and with the other in the Province of Suchuen Southward of the Mountain Fuyung from whence it glides North-East along the South-East side of the Province of Suchuen afterwards running Northerly into the County Chunkingfu falls Eastward of the City Changxeu into the River Kiang By the way the Ciu receives on the North side of the Garrison Pingchai the Nanyang and in the County Vunkingfu the Stream U Northward from the City Pengxui THe Han which runs through the North part of the Countrey Vuchanfu falls Westward of the little City Vuchan into the Kiang The water of the Han is exceeding cold insomuch that it makes the Air about the same temperate in the Dog-Days for which cause the Kings in times past built a Palace over the same to reside in the Summer The Io springs in the Mountains Southward from the City Vuchan and runs Northerly through the middle of the City into the Kiang The Sui takes Original in the Mountains Eastward from the City Tangzan and glides North-West into the Kiang through the South part of this County passes another Branch which also discharges in the Kiang The Cha divides the whole County Teganfu and takes Original in the Mountain Tahaung from whence it passes Southward by the East side of the City Sui and inlarg'd with the Stream Tuen on the West side and with others on the East side out of the Lake Tuigmung by the West part of the City Tegan at last mixt near the City Iungmuug with the River Hoan which comes out of the Lake Tungmung it falls by the Name of Hoan into the River Han. The Ki which glides through the County of Hoangcheufu out of the Lake Uheu Westward by the City Ki falls into the River Kiang The same Territory is also cut through by two other Streams viz. Hi and Lungsiang which both coming out of the North mingles with the Kiang The Mie which glides through the County Yocheufu springs from the Mountain Tienho from whence it shoots North-West into the River Siang and with that into the Kiang The Lieu begins in the Lake Pexa which produces four Rivers and gliding North-West through the Territory Chanxafu empties it self into the County Iocheufu in the River Siang The Mielo proceeds from the joyning of two Streams viz. Lieu and Chao originally springing out of the County Paokingfu and passing Westward by the City Siangiin at last falls into the River Taohao or Siang The Mielo receives by the way another Stream call'd Can which comes out of the Lake Pexa This River is eminent because it was the occasion of a great Feast by the Chineses call'd Tuonu which with all Solemnity is kept on the fifth day of the fifth Moon through all parts of China in Commemoration of a Loyal Governor who not able to serve his Master the Emperor any longer Drown'd himself in this River The Siang rises at the conjoyning Borders of the Province Huquang and that of Quangsi in the Mountain Siung from whence it passes North through the County Iungcheufu where on the West it receives the River Yu and out of this Territory entering into that of Hengcheufu glides afterwards through that of Changxafu where it also receives the Names of Mielo by the West part of the City Siangyan where it unites with the River Tahoa but retains the Name of Siang and at last falls through the Territory Yocheufu into the Kiang Its water may compare with Crystal for clearness and though it be very deep yet the Stones that lie in the bottom may plainly be discern'd The Siao which begins in the Mountain Kieny at the South-West side of the City Ningyven passes from thence close by the East side of the City Iungcheu and towards the North mixes with the Siang receives by the way Northward from the City Ningyven on the West the River Cin and Rivulet Xu on the East the Hoang The Chinghiang and Ciencieu glide from the South to the North through the County Ciencheufu afterwards mixing their Waves together pass along one Channel North-West through the Territory Hengcheufu thence pour their waters into the Siang The Lofeu which comes out of the Northern Mountains in the County of Changxafu runs to the South by the City
Gardens Rivers Springs and Lakes that are in and about them In the observation and chusing of Mountains they are no less curious than superstitious imagining that in them all their happiness and prosperity consists because the Dragon whom they account the chief Instrument of their felicity resides in a Mountain But of this their Mountainous Superstition a more particular account may be seen in Father Martin's Preface to the History of China FIve Leagues Northward from the Metropolis Peking is a Mountain call'd Thienxen wherein the Tombs of divers Chinese Emperors are very richly and magnificently built On the South-West side of the City is a Mountain call'd Iociven crown'd with most stately Palaces belonging to the Tartarian Family of Iven Here the Tartar Emperors us'd to retire to shelter themselves from the excessive heat of the Sun in the Summer In the same County near the City Changpling is the Mountain Pefeu out of which run two Rivers which meet at the Village Feu In the same County not far from the City Pa is a Mountain nam'd Nan overgrown with a Wood of Canes twelve Furlongs in circumference in the midst of which is a noble Palace and not far from thence is that high and steep Mountain nam'd Puon having upon one of its tops a Stone which though of a huge bulk totters and shakes at the least touch the like whereof we have in a certain Cave in Derby-shire Near the City Iungjung is the Mountain Chinquon forty Furlongs about and on its South side a Hill call'd The Flower from the various colour'd Stones thereon Not far from the City Cunhoo is the Mountain Mingque so call'd from a Fire burning within it which seems to pierce it through in such a manner that looking in at a Hole on the right side there appears the form of a bright Half-Moon By the City Phingco are the Mountains Kie and Siuvu out of which they dig a sort of Coals that serve the Inhabitants for Fewel In the County wherein is the City Paoting near the City Huon is the Mountain Yki on which they say the Emperor Yau's Mother resided Hard by the City Hiung lies the Mountain Tahiung out of a Rocky part whereof springs a clear Fountain Near the City Ie is the Mountain Lungcie on which appears the foot-steps of a Dragon Not far from thence is a Valley call'd Tunglo which being surrounded with high Mountains onely one narrow Passage left is much resorted to as a very secure place in time of War The County wherein is the City Hokien hath few and little Mountains the onely remarkable one call'd Si is near the City Ching on the top whereof spreading it self into a large and fruitful Plain is built a pleasant Village In the County wherein is the City Chingting and near the City Cinking is a very high Mountain call'd Changuen upon whose top reaching above the Clouds is a very soveraign Spring and a stately Cloyster for Priests built by Queen Xayang in memory of a great Cure she receiv'd by drinking the Water of the fore-mention'd Spring Near the City Kioyang is another Hill out of which gusheth also a healing Fountain and whereon grow divers kinds of Physical Herbs By the City Ki are the Mountains Curi and Tiaopuon eminent for the Defeat which Hansini of Chinya received there Not far from the City Chanhoang is the Mountain Ulna so call'd from the Statues of five Horses Cut in yellow Stone over which the Family of Sung built a rich Chappel In the County of Xantefu near the City Xaho is a Mountain famous for its many Caverns it is call'd Tang that is Bath from a Fountain of warm Water thereon exceeding good against all kind of Scurf Near the City Nuikeu is the Mountain Pungcio producing divers Physical Drugs There is likewise the Mountain Cu that is Orphan because it rises onely with one top and stands distant from all others In the County Tamingfu near the City Chinfung lies the Mountain Cieu famous for the Emperor Kau's Tomb. Near the City Siun is the Mountain Feukieu having a Lake on the West-side which proceeded from the sinking of another City call'd also Siun Nor far from hence is likewise the steep and high Mountain Cukin In Iungpingfu on the South-East side of the City Iungping is the Mountain Sang of a dreadful heighth out of which spring many Brooks Near the City Hiengan is a Mountain call'd Lungciven and upon it a Spring whither the Chineses repair in dry Weather to Pray to the Dragon for Rain Eastward from the same City is that high Mountain nam'd Tu surrounded with pleasant Woods Near the Garrison Iungcheu is one nam'd Lungmuen that is to say Dragons Gate so call'd because the River Linhoang flows out of Tartary between those Mountains through the Great Wall into China Near the Garrison Xanghai are Mountains of a great heighth IN the County Taiyvenfu are many Mountains but none remarkable except the Mountain Kiecheu North-East from the City Taiyven Kiecheu signifies Tying of a Ship for it is Recorded that the Emperor Yu ty'd his Ship to this Mountain when he Sail'd up the Stream Fuen By the City Kioching is the Mountain Hukive out of which they dig abundance of the best sort of Iron to make Working-Tools of Near the City Pingting is the Mountain Cio eminent for a Chappel or Cloyster of Priests By the City Kafau is the Mountain Siue that is Mountain of Snow because it is always cover'd with Snow The Mountain Xeleu lying in the Jurisdiction of the City Chin is notable for its heighth in which some say it exceeds all besides In the County Pingyangfu near the City Siangling lies the great Mountain Golung which extends Northward by the Cities Fuensi and Fuensan and runs South to the Towns Kioyao and Yeching where it unites with the Mountain Ulao and stretches in a continu'd Ridge to the Province of Xensi and further Westward In the Mountain Kiao near the City Kioyao they say the Crown and other Imperial Ensigns of the ancient Emperor Hiangti lie bury'd Near the City Pu is the Mountain Xeuyang eminent for the Residence of two Philosophers of the Royal Extraction who chose rather to quit the Pomp of Empire and retire from the World than to attend upon the wicked Emperor Cheu Near it stands the Mountain Lie where the Emperor Xun extoll'd amongst the Chineses for his Pious Life follow'd Husbandry before he was advanc'd to the Crown This Mountain to this day produces neither Thorn nor Bramble nor any hurtful Plant and this they imagine to be an effect of the said Emperors Piety In the County Taitingfu near the City Henyven is a part of the Mountain Heng much resorted to for its rare Flowers and Physical Herbs but there is one Tree thought to be of great Vertue to which their Superstition will not suffer them to lay an Ax. Near the City So lies the Mountain Iueney so call'd from a belov'd Female
Singer to King Guei who is bury'd there By the City Quangchang stands the Mountain Hiang eminent for a great and old Wood of Pine-Trees in the middle of which stands a Pagod Temple and Cloyster for Priests Near the City Lingkieu is the Mountain Tape out of which they dig a sort of Vermillion of which they make a kind of Red Ink to Print with Near the City So is the Mountain Yenking In the County of Luganfu near the City Changeu is the Mountain Fakieu so call'd from the abundance of Turtle-Doves that breed thereon it is very Woody and hath a strong Fort built upon it which is the safeguard of the County By the City Tunlieu is the Mountain Lin on which one Heuy a famous Archer shot with seven Arrows seven Birds flying one after another Near the City Lucing is the Mountain Funieu that is Cow Rider from an old Cow which is reported to have there destroy'd several Men till at last by an unknown Man it was dragg'd into a hole of the Mountain neither of them being ever after heard of In the County Fuencheufu on the West side of the chief City Fuencheu is the Mountain Vanhu remarkable for its heighth it is so call'd from Ten thousand Men which they say getting upon the same escap'd the violence of a great Deluge Near the City Hiaoy is the Mountain Kaotang in which are divers boyling Springs and Pits by reason of Fire which burns within the Earth IN the County Siganfu near the City Linchang is the Mountain Limon on which is a Spring of Water clear as Chrystal and of a strange quality for though it hath not above five Foot Water in depth yet it is extreme cold above and at the bottom so hot that it is not to be indur'd Near the City Lantien is the Mountain Io out of which they dig a kind of Earth which is us'd in the Dying of Clothes Hard by on a steep Mountain call'd Ciepuon stands a Fort for the securing of the High-way Not far from the City Nucung is the Mountain Taipe which by the Chinese Astrologers is accounted The eleventh Mansion of Happiness They say that beating on a Drum on this Mountain causes Thunder Lightning and Tempestuous Weather wherefore all Persons are strictly Commanded not to touch a Drum near the same Near the City Xunghoa is the Mountain Kanciven so call'd from a Brook of exceeding sweet Water which springs on the top thereof where there is also a stately Garden and Banquetting-House In the County Fungciangfu near the City Khi is a very high Mountain call'd Nan which extends from thence into the County Siganfu to the Cities Lantien and Hu. On the North-East of the City Paoki is the Mountain Chincang whose top seems to represent a Turky-Cock They said that Thunder or turbulent Weather is foretold by a great noise which is heard above thirty Furlongs off in the Vallies adjoyning to it At the same place is the Mountain Xecu so call'd from ten Stone Drums plac'd there by King Siven that his Hunters might give a signal of Chase one to another On the East side the City Mui is the Mountain Taipe whose exceeding high tops are in the midst of Summer cover'd with Snow Not far from thence lies a Mountain call'd Quan Fortifi'd with a brave Castle for a safeguard of the County Here Faulcons and other such like Birds for the Game are frequently caught In the County Hangcheufu near the City Sihiang begins the Mountain Tapa and runs from thence into the Province of Suchuen to the City Pa. By the City Loyang is the Mountain Yoniu so call'd from the Effigies of a most Beautiful Maiden of Stone said to have grown Naturally in that place Near the City Siyang is a very scraggy and steep Mountain call'd Cuking By the City Fung is also a Mountain nam'd Cuye having in it seventy two Caverns near which stands the Mountain Nanki which hath a great Lake upon it Not far from thence is the Mountain Vutu out of which they dig a Plant call'd Hiunghoang good to expel Poyson and all Pestilential Virulency In the County Pingleangfu on the East side of the City Cingyven is the Mountain Yo on which are found Pebbles emulating Diamonds for clearness Near the City Hiating is a Valley of thirty Furlongs in length but so deep and narrow that it hath little Light yet nevertheless a High-way pav'd with Free-stone leads through it In the County Cungchangfu on the North-West side of the City Hoeicin is a very great and high Mountain nam'd Sivi from the Snow with which it is continually cover'd Northward from the City Fokiang is the Mountain call'd Xecu that is Stone-Drum because as the Chineses write this Mountain by making of a noise foretels War By the City Ching is the Mountain Loyo at the top whereof stands a great Image of a Lyon out of whose Mouth runs a Spring There is also the Mountain Cheuchi which extends to the Jurisdiction of the City Siho and on its top hath a Plain of about twenty Furlongs In the South-East from the City Cin is the Mountain Pochung on which grows an Herb call'd Hoako which eaten causeth Barrenness There are many other Mountains in this County which are not remarkable IN the Territory Linyaofu near the City Lan Northward is the Mountain Kaolan which makes an Arch about the City like a Stage and gives a pleasant Prospect over all the adjacent Countries Near it is the Mountain Pexe whereon they say the Valiant General Leanghoei Besieg'd by the Tartars made Offerings to obtain Water for his Forces whereupon immediately a Spring appear'd Near the City Ho is the Mountain Ciexie with two spiring tops between which as through a Gate runs the Yellow River Beyond the City Lan is a pleasant Valley nam'd Yu which being Water'd by the Yao a Branch of the Yellow River inricheth the Grounds and Meadows thereabout In the County Kingyangfu Northward from the chief City Kingyang is the Mountain Taipe in the middle of which is the Spring of the Stream He. By the City Hoan is the Mountain Ulum Fortifi'd with a Castle for defence of the County Near the City Chinning is the Mountain Lo whereon stood twenty seven Images which the Chineses affirm grew there naturally and were not made by Art In the County Ienganfu North-East from the City Iengan is the Mountain call'd Chingleang IN the Territory Cinanfu near the City Changkieu lies the Mountain Hoang which spreads from thence to the City Cichuen and runs through the Jurisdiction of the City Ceuping By the City Changxan begins the Mountain Changpe and extends to the City Cenping on the top whereof stands a very noted Chappel Near the City Taigan is a great Mountain call'd Tai accounted forty Furlongs high it is full of Caverns and very deep Precipices there are built upon it many Pagod Temples and indow'd Cloysters of Priests Near the City Laiu is a Mountain nam'd Taxe
By the City Xing lies the Mountain Tenchi the twenty seventh in the Book of Tausu which hath its Denomination from a Lake whose water is Blood-Red Near the City Sinchan is the Mountain Vocheu the fifteenth in the Book of Tausu There is also the Mountain Tienlao the sixteenth in the Book of Taoxu In the County Ningpofu near the City Cuki the Mountain Lu advances to sight a fair Temple to which the Chineses often resort with Supplications to their Idols to have their Dreams Interpreted In the Territory Taicheufu Southward from the City Taicheu the Mountain Kaicho the nineteenth in the Book of Taoxu is remarkable for the Stones thereon which are all perfectly square By the City Hoangnieu is the Mountain Queiyu the second in the Book of Taoxu By the City Tientai is the red Mountain Cheching the sixth in the Book of Taoxu and near it by a City of the same Name the Mountain Tientai accounted eight thousand Rods high and eight hundred Furlongs about the famousest and first in order amongst all those Mountains describ'd by Taoxu and as they say in happy Auspice Upon it are many fair Temples and Cloysters More Southwardly in the Sea is a Mountainous Isle call'd Yohoan which signifies Precious Circle so nam'd from its convenient Harbor for Ships being almost hem'd in with Mountains and subject to no manner of Winds having onely one Gap like a Mouth for the entrance of Ships By the City Taiping lies the Mountain Fangching on which King Yue liv'd in a private condition In the County Vencheufu South-West from the City Vencheu in the River Lungyeu lies the Mountain Cuyu surrounded with Water yet on the top thereof is a Chappel and Cloyster By the City Suigan is the Mountain Siennien the twenty sixth in the Books of Taoxu Near Locing is the Mountain Yentany on which is a Lake of ten Furlongs also nam'd Yentang that is A Bath for Geese because the Wild-Geese which according to the several Seasons of the Year change their Stations generally make it one of their resting places ON the North side of the City Fokien in the County Fokhenfu in the Province of Fokien begins the high and large Mountain Sive or Fung and runs from thence to another County to the Cities Cutieu Mincing and Leyuen towards the South side of the Metropolis lies the Mountain Fang which hath a Valley of forty Furlongs and on the neighboring Hills many Orange Citron and Lemon-Trees About the City Iungfu towards the North a famous and high Mountain nam'd Kaoca the seventh in the Books of Taoxu yields a delightful Prospect by its ancient Woods and the stately Cloysters built on it In the County Civencheufu Southward from the City Civencheu is the Paocai a Mountain which on its top hath a Turret with nine Galleries and serves for a Land-mark to Sea-men Eastward lies the Mountain Siaoso In the County Changcheufu towards the East side of the City Changcheu is the Cio a Mountain on which according to the Chinese Writers stands a Stone of five Rods high that before Rain or Tempestuous Weather shivers and shakes like a Tree blown by the Wind Nearer the City lies another Mountain call'd Kieulang which joyns to the former and is remarkable for a Crystal Fountain In the Territory Kienningfu on the North-East side of the City Kienning lies the high Mountain Xin from whose top the Sun-rising may be seen over all the other Mountains There is also the Ciaoyven the thirteenth in the Books of Tausu But that which exceeds all the other in Fame and Bigness is the Mountain Vuy near the City Zunggan upon it are many Pagods or Cloysters the Residences for Priests and solitary Persons amongst which are divers Noble-men who despising the World live thus retir'd to serve their Idols with the greater Zeal By the City Pucing is the Mountain Yuleang one of the ten greatest in all China Southward from the City Ienping lies the Mountain Yuevang on which the Kings of Iue us'd to have many Palaces for Retiring places from the heat in Summer more Southerly are the Mountains Kieusieu and Yeuki In the Territory Zincheufu is the Mountain Kin or Gold so nam'd from its Gold-mines which the Family Sung caus'd to be open'd It lies South from the City Tincheu near the City Xanhang on the Eastern shore of the River Ting it is so pleasant that it appears like an excellent Landskip upon it are three little Lakes which they say turn the Iron that is thrown therein into Copper In the County Hinghoafu towards the South side of the City Hinghoa lies the Mountain Hucung upon which the Chinese Mountain-Gazers make many Observations Towards the South-East from the City is the Mountain Goching having a large Village at its Foot There are besides in this Province in the County Ienpingfu the Mountain Tung which surrounds the City Sianglo Through the Borders of Kiangsi runs the great Mountain Pechang West of the City Ienping the great Mountain Huon By the City Singlieu the high Mountain Tiung West from the City Ninghoai the Mountain Lungmien South of the City Tinquien the Mountains Leang and Linting East of the City Tincheu the Mountain Liensung South-East of the City Xaonu the Mountain Cietai North from the City Taining the Mountain Kingoa A little above the City Foning the Mountain Lunxen South of the same City the high Mountain Hung On the same side of the same City the Mountain Nanquin West of the City Ningte the Mountain Hoeung North of the City Foning the Mountain Lunizen North-East from the same the Mountain Talao having six high Precipices with several others IN the Province of Quantung the vast Mountain Talo begins near the City Cingquen from whence it reaches to the Jurisdiction of the City Hoaicie lying in the Province of Quangsi upon it dwell a Wild and Salvage People which are not under the Dominion of the Chineses Within the Walls of the City Canton lie three Hills Crown'd with stately Buildings the first call'd Iuesieu the second Fan and the third Gheu By the City Xunte is the Mountain Lungnien out of which springs a Fountain as clear as Crystal it produces also Red Stones of a strange and wonderful form with which the Chineses build their Artificial Mounts Near the City Ungyven is the Mountain Lichi and in the middle of it a Lake which proceeds from eight Rivulets whose Water is good against many Distempers In the County Nanhyungfu lies the noted Mountain Nuilen on the top whereof stands a Chappel Consecrated to the General Chankieuling In the Territory Hoeicheufu near the City Polo begins the Mountain Lefeu one amongst the ten greatest Mountains in the whole Empire It rises from the joyning of the Mountains Lo and Feu and extends to the Jurisdiction of the chief City Quancheu and to the City Cengching Its heighth is accounted to be three thousand six hundred Paces and its Circumference three hundred Furlongs It hath fifteen steep
Hills and above four hundred seventy two Holes or Caverns The Chinese Mountain-Gazers look upon it as one of the chief Mountains for Divination By the City Lungchuen near the City Kieyang lies the Mountain Cangpu which extends to the Sea where on the Shore it ends in a most dreadful Precepice They say that Flowers and Birds grow and breed on the same of so strange a kind as are found in no other places By this City Kieyang lies a Mountain of the same denomination divided as it were into Arms or Branches one of which extends to the City Hinning of the County Hoeicheufu and the other towards the City Haifung By the City Hoeilay lies the Mountain Pehoa so call'd from the Flowers which continually grow upon it for it produces several Flowers according to the season of the Year By the City Chinkiang are also many great Hills which lie close together and wherein there are many deep Caverns but not pry'd into by the Chineses for that as it is said many going to dig in them never came out alive none knowing what became of them or whither they went In the County Chaokingfu at the North side of the City Chaoking lies the Mountain Ting on which according to the Writings of the Chineses stands a Stone two hundred Rods high In the Jurisdiction of the City Suhoci lies the Mountain Sin that is The Mountain of Chastity so call'd from a Maid who vowing Solitude and Chastity Liv'd and Dy'd there a Virgin in pure Devotion to the memory of one who having been her Lover and Bethroth'd to her was accidentally devour'd by a Tyger her Parents in vain endeavoring to force her to Marry some other Person to avoid which constraint she fled to this Mountain on which are two Temples built and Consecrated to her By the City Teking lies the Mountain Koleang eminent for its producing a sort of Trees which because of the exceeding hardness of their Wood are call'd Iron Trees In the County Kaocheufu on the East side of the City Kaocheu is the Mountain Feu which is of such a heighth that this onely as the Chineses say appear'd with its Crown above the Water in the time of their general Deluge and that some were preserv'd alive on the same Near the City Tienpe lies the Mountain Koleang which is said to be of that quality that its Inhabitants neither feel excess of heat in the Summer nor cold in the Winter but enjoy all the Year long continual Spring By the City Hoa lies a brave and pleasant Mountain nam'd Pao that is Precious to which the Inhabitants resort in great companies to Recreate themselves In the Territory Liencheufu near the North side of the City Liencheu lies in a private place the great Mountain Uhoang famous amongst the Chineses upon a supposition they have that the Fruit which grows there is found no where else and that if any one should presume to carry any away with him having liberty to Eat as much as he pleases there he would never find his way out of the Mountain From the City King towards the West the way through the Mountains is so troublesome to find that Mayven a General of the Chineses marching with an Army against the Emperor of Tungking caus'd Copper Columes to be set up in the same that thereby he might find that way out again at his return to this day one of them may be seen standing on a steep ascent call'd Fuenmoa where the Boundaries are between the Kingdom of Tungkin and China In the County Luicheufu Southward from the City Luicheu is the Mountain Kingliu on which from a flash of Lightning sprung a Fountain Another Hill nam'd Tatunglai near the City Cuiki on an Isle in the Sea near the Shore hath seventy Furlongs in Circumference and eight Populous Villages which maintain themselves with fishing for Pearls There are moreover in this Province in the County Quancheufu near the City Tunguen the Mountain Heufu making an Isle in the Sea Near the same City the Mountain Tahi on the Sea-shore In the County Hoeucheufu the Mountain Lofeu extending from the City Changing to the City Polo In the County Xaocheu near the City Lochang the Mountain Chang North of the City Nanking the high and far-spreading Mountain Tecafung By the City Xihing the fair and pleasant Mountain Sicung Near the Moat of the City King the Mountain Heng About the City Linxan the high Hill Loyang THe Province of Quangsi possesses an endless Ridge of barren and unaccessible Mountains In the County Queilufu towards the North-East of the chief City Queilin appears the Quei a Mountain so call'd from the abundance of Trees nam'd Quei these Trees suffer no other to grow near them nor in the same places where they have stood formerly The Mountain Tosieu lies also near the City Queilin and hath a very fine Colledge More Northward in the same Tract of Land lies the Mountain Xin with three high Precipices on the top of one of them stands a Palace so high that the Chineses affirm it to be in the third or purest Region of the Air above all the Clouds By the City Hingquan lies the Mountain Haiyang which reaches to the City Lingchuen upon it is a Pool which breeds four Footed Beasts and Horn'd Fish which Monsters the Chineses believe are to Recreate the Dragon therefore dare not offer to kill any of them The Mountain Hoa that is Flower so call'd from its pleasant Prospect lies on the Shore of the River Quei near the City Yangso By the City Iungfo lies the Mountain Fungcao that is Phenix Nest the Chineses affirm that the Bird Phenix bred and made his Nest on the same and that under the Phenix Nest a very Precious and unvaluable Stone hath been found About the City Cyven lies the Mountain Siang Crown'd with a fair Temple and Cloyster Northward beyond the City Queilin a Ridge of steep Hills runs along with seven rising tops which exactly represent the shape of The great Bear wherefore it is call'd Chiesing that is Hill of the seven Stars In the County Lieucheufu lies Southward from the City Lieucheu the Mountain Sienie from whose several observable things as its deep Caverns Spiry Point which like a Pillar of one intire Stone shoots up in a straight and Perpendicular Line its Stone Image of a Horse c. the Chineses Draw in their Fancy many lucky Omens Northward of the City Siang rises the Mountain Xintang which is so high and steep that it is almost inaccessible yet on its top hath a pleasant Lake full of Fish and surrounded with Trees whereupon the Chineses who are very curious to see such things climbe up this Mountain with great labor and trouble reporting that for its pleasant Situation it was formerly frequented by a People which they say never Die and are call'd Xincien In the County Kingyvenfu Northward from the City Kingyven appears the Mountain Y onely remarkable for its standing alone for whereas
others are very high and extend a vast way this stands alone like a Pyramid and therefore eminent amongst the Chineses In the County Pinglofu at the South-West side of the City Pinglo begins the Mountain Kai and extends to the City Lipu on the East side is the steep and great Mountain Iung which hath nine craggy Hills on the West side lies the Hill Monica that is to say The Crown of Eyes because it hath two great Stones which appear like two Eyes on its top so exactly form'd by Nature that scarce any Artist could match them the Ball of the Eye may easily be distinguish'd for round about are two Streaks one white and another black as in our Eyes By the City Fuchuen appears the Mountain Sin on which by a flash of Lightning eight great Holes were made Not far from the City Ho lies the Mountain Kiue so call'd from the abundance of Golden-colour'd Apples that grow thereon Southward from the City Sieugin lies a pretty high Hill nam'd To which is inaccessible one way but towards the City ascended by Stairs made by Nature In the County Guchenfu Northward from the City Gucheu the Mountain Tayun begins near the Metropolis of the County By the City Teng lies a very pleasant Mountain nam'd Nan from which the Chineses make many strange Observations By the City Yung begins the Mountain Tayung which reaches to the Jurisdiction of the Cities Pelieu Hinge Yolin and Cin. Near the same place is the Mountain Tukiâ—…o the twenty second in the Book of Tausu it hath eight steep Spires and twenty Caverns By the City Yolin lies the Mountain Han that is Cold because it is so exceeding cold that no Man can live on the same notwithstanding it lies under a very hot Clymate Soutward from the City Pope lies the Mountain Fiyun remarkable because in the Rocks thereof appear Prints of Mens Feet some four Spans long The whole Mountain is barren and full of Caverns Northward from the City Pelieu lies the great Mountain Kilieu which hath many Precipices and is the twenty second in the Book of Tausu Westward from the City Yung lies the Mountain Ho that is Fiery so call'd because every Night appears a Fire like a lighted Torch on the same They say that these Lights are little Insects which we call Glow-worms and that they run out of the River upon the Mountain from whence they give that Light The great Mountain Xepao lies also in this County hath great Woods of Trees and Indian Canes and nourishes a multitude of Tygers In the County Chincheufu at the South side of the City Sincheu lies the Mountain Pexe the one and twentieth in the Book of Tausu and advances its Top call'd Toucu above the Clouds on the North side is the Mountain Lungxe the largest in the whole County overspread with many pleasant Groves and Corn-Fields By the City Quei lies the great Mountain Nan which thrusts up twenty four Spiry Hillocks In the County Nanningfu on the East side of the City Nanning rises the the Mountain Heng so call'd because in the middle of the River Yeu or Puon it receives the Water which with great force is driven by the Stream The Family Sung caus'd a Fort to be built on the same for a Defence of the Countrey There are besides in this Province North-East of the River Hung the Mountain Hocio North of the City Heng the Florid Mountain Sieulia East of the City Yunghung the Mountain Suchung having Iron Mines West of the City Naning the Mountain Moye in the Territory Taipingfu near the City Lung the very high Mountain Cieuling East of the City Taiping the Mountain Peyun not far from thence the Mountain Gomui and near it the Mountain Kin by the City Co in the County Sumingfu near the Rity Hiaxe the wooddy Mountain Pelo in the Territory Chinyanfu the high and pleasant Mountain Iun in the Garrison'd County Sugenfu East of the City Sugen the Mountain Tosieu by the City Vuyuen the Mountain Kifung and a little farther the Moye in the Territory Suchingfu near the City Suching the high craggy Mountain Lengyum by the Cities Fulo Tukang and Suling the Mountains Tanping Siecung and Lyfang and not far thence the Mountain Xipi IN the Territory Queiyangfu on the East side of the City Queiyang in the Province of Queicheu lies the Mountain Tengen signifying Copper Drum from the sound of a Drum as the Chineses affirm that is heard upon it against Rain In the Territory Sunangfu on the South side of the City Sunang rises the Vancing to which there being no Ascent but onely one way the Inhabitants find it a safe place of refuge in time of War On the South-West side lies the Mountain Lungmuen by the City Vuchuen the great Mountain Tanien on which reside many People unknown to the Chineses In the County Sinyven near the Moat of the City Ciniven rises the Mountain Xeping which signifies Stone Pillar because an entire Stone is erected there which as they say is a hundred Rods high On the North-West side of the City Sinyven lies the Mountain Sikiung on which anciently stood a City whereof the Ruines yet remain In the Territory Tuchofu near the City Pinglang lies the Mountain Kaiyang fortifi'd with a Castle On the North side of the City Hokiang is the Mountain Ching to whose top leads onely a narrow Foot-path which is guarded by a strong Fort. About the City Fuiugning lies the Mountain Hinglang ascended by Stone Stairs which are guarded by the Inhabitants to secure the Passage By the City Pincheu lies the Mountain Lotung which extends twelve hundred Rods and near the City Cinping piercing the Clouds with its Spiry Top is call'd Hianglu In the little County of the City Pugan on the North-East side thereof appears the Mountain Puonkiang which extends to the Kingdom of Gannan and the Fort Ganchoang On the South-West side is the Mountain Tangpi out of which they dig Quicksilver and the Mineral Hiunghoang In the little County Iunningfu near the City Muy rises the Hungyai a very high Mountain terrible to behold There is also a Hill nam'd Lincing overgrown with Indian Canes By the City Tinging lies the Mountain Quangso which extending a hundred Furlongs hath a Fort for the safeguard of the Way In the little County of the City Chinning near the City Xenk appears the Mountain Magan so nam'd from its resembling a Saddle The small Territory of the City Ganxun hath but one Mountain which lies on the East side thereof and is call'd Niencung which though very high is not above ten Furlongs in compass In the Garrison'd County Sintienfu on the North side of the chief City Sintien is a very high Mountain call'd Pie which pierces the Clouds and runs up like a Pyramid for which reason it is nam'd Pie which signifies A Pencil with which the Chineses Write On the North side lies the Mountain Yangpo which for its pleasantness and variety of colours may
be resembled to a Picture The Mountain Caimiao lies on the North-East side from which Water falls whereon the Sun-beams reflecting continually represent a Rain-bowe Westward from the Garrison Pingao lies the Mountain Loco which signifies Harts horn so call'd from the abundance of broken Stones which stick out of the same There are also in this Province North of the City Queiang the high craggy Mountain Nannang In the County Suchenfu South of Suchen the inaccessible Mountain Go West of the same City the Mountain Tienyung In the Territory Xecienfu South of Xecie the Mountain Pipa East of the same the Heu In the County Tunganfu East of Tungan the Mountain Tung South of the City the Tungyai On the South-East side the Cloud-piercing Vienpi On the South-West side the wooddy Mountain Pechang In the County Lipingfu North of Liping the Mountain Patung East of the same City the pleasant Mountain Kinping call'd The Gilded Wall East of the City Tanki the high Mountain Tungquen also the Mountain Taiping with its rising Top Metien and square Cavern Tunqui In the County Putingfu North-West of Puting the high craggy Mountain Ki and East of the same City the Magan East of the chief City of Pinguefu the Mountain Pie By the City Yangy the craggy Mocing In the County Lungtefu by the City Pingtu the high high Mountain Iunctao By Taiping the Rocky Mountain Cohai East of Picie the craggy Mountain Mohi North of the Garrison Cingping the Mountains Lochung and Cosung IN the County Iunnanfu within the Walls of the chief City Iunnan is the Mountain Uhao adorn'd with many Cloysters and Temples and divers other Buildings Westward from the Lake Tien and the City Iunnan lies the far-spreading and high Mountain Kingki and on the North side of the same City is the Mountain Xang which produces a Spring with very cold Water which nevertheless is exceeding good against all manner of pain in the Joynts and Limbs In this County also is the Mountain Lo being high and slender appears like a Spire and with the Mountain Kinki riseth above all the other Mountains in the County On the North-West side lies the Toyang full of Cloysters the Residences of Priests In the County Talifu on the West side of the City Tali is the Mountain Tiencang which extends three hundred Furlongs and rises up with eighteen high Spiry Heads Upon it is a very deep Pool By the City Chao is the Mountain Fungy where there is also an artificial Mount of Earth under which two hundred thousand Men belonging to the King of Nanchao lie bury'd they being all slain in a Battel against the Chineses under the Conduct of the General Tangsiengu After which Victory the Kingdom of Nanchao which contains all that lies towards the South over the River Gangas was by the Family of Han subdu'd By the City Tengchuen towards the South-West lies the Mountain Kico famous for many stately Pagods and Cloysters From this Place the knowledge of the Pagan Religion is thought to have come first to the Chineses On one of the Mountains near the City Chao a steep Spiry Hill call'd Tinsi shoots up a thousand Rods above the Mountain on which it rises and at the Foot thereof lies a Fort for defence of the Ways The other Mountains of lesser remark are Xuimo Chung Tungi and Lofeu In the County Linganfu the Mountain Uchung bears on the middlemost of three Spiry Risings the City Omi By the City Ning the Mountain Vansung so call'd from the Pine-Trees it bears Near Tunghai is the Hill Siau which as the Chineses say hath a Spring whose Water clears and whitens the Skin of those that drink it and also makes lean People fat In the Territory Cuhiungfu on the West side of the City Cuhiung are the Mountains Minfung and Viki from the last of which flow above a thousand Brooks which makes it all over very Flowry and fruitful Northward from Quantung lies the high Mountain Cieupuon which sinks in the middle and makes a deep Cavern Near the City Nangan is the Piaolo full of Silver Mines The others are Heu Southward from the City Sinhoa Minfung Westward from the City Cuhiungfu and Umung Eastward from the City Tingyven In the County Chinkiangfu on the South side of the City Chinkiang near the Lake Vusien the wooddy Mountain Yokeu thrusts up one Spiry Hillock On the East side of the same City is the Mountain Kinlieu which at the rising of the Sun glisters like Gold By the City Kiangchuen towards the South the Mountai Si sends forth several Rivulets Not far from thence is the Mountains Puon and Quen in one of which stands a Temple and Cloyster inhabited by Priests In the County Munghoafu on the South-East side of the City Munghoa the Mountain Guaipo over-tops all the other Mountains in the County On the South-West side lies the Mountain Tunghoang which is so call'd from the Chinese Phenix which as they say died on the same after having Sung very sweetly a considerable time On the North side lies the Mountain Tiencul that is Ear of Heaven because there is such a perfect Eccho on the same that the Voyce though utter'd never so softly is repeated again In the County Quangnangfu on the East side of the City Quangnang is the Mountain Lienhoa that is Lien-Flower because it represents the shape of that Flower Near the City Tai is the Mountain Yocyven so call'd from a pure Spring which rises on its top for Yocyven signifies An excellent Spring In the County Sinyvenfu on the West side of the City Sinyven is the Mountain Polung with many Hills which running along in a Ridge rise higher and higher and appear like swoln Waves of the Sea wherefore it hath the Name Polung that is Many Waves On the North-East side lies the Mountain Nalo which abounds with Tygers and Leopards In the Territory Iungningfu on the South-East side of the City Iungning is the Mountain Canmo which being all a Rock stands apart from other Mountains in a great Plain By the City Volu is the Mountain Lopu By Hinglo the Mountain Pouo By Lochuho the Mountain Lovi In the County Xunningfu on the North-West of the City Xuuning lies the Mountain Loping on the North side the Mountain Mengpa which is inhabited by salvage People In the Garrison'd County Kioungfu on the East side of the City Kiocing is the Mountain Kuking which hath a Spring whose Waters if we may believe the Chineses given to Children to drink sharpens their Wit In the Territory Sokingfu near the City Kienchuen Westward lies the Kinhoa a Mountain which abounds in Gold and extends from thence in a continu'd Line through the Kingdom of Sifan One of the Hills belonging to it shines all over like Gold On the South side of the City Siking lies the large Mountain Fauchang By the City Kienchuen is the Mountain Xepao on which on a Column of Stone is the Image of the Idol Fe an Elephant Lyon Clock and
Stature white Skins brown Eyes and extraordinary small Feet in which last they account their chiefest Beauty to consist for though a Woman be never so fair yet she is accounted homely if she hath great Feet insomuch that the Mothers Swathe and Rowl up their Daughters Feet from their Infancy that by these Swathes which they wear all their Life-time they may prevent the natural growth of them This Swathing of their Feet often occasions in tender Bodies such a pain that they sometimes become lame of their Feet and decrepit yet the Women generally Dance prettily and make strange gestures with their bare Arms. Some will have it that this Swathing was invenâ—…ed by some politick and jealous Person that by this means they might be kept at home and prevented from walking the Streets which in that Countrey â—…edounds to the dishonor of the Women and disesteem of the Men. But as Martinius tells us this Custom was deriv'd from Taquia an ancient Empress of Che who though exceeding all other Women in Beauty had extraordinary small Feet which extreamly troubled her in going her Women hereupon in flattery imitated her and also to make their Feet smaller Swath'd them and this Custom to this day is of such Authority among them that should they behold a second Helen they would look upon her as a Monster if she had great Feet Others say that Taquia was no Woman but a Spirit in Female shape with Goats Feet which because she would not have them discover'd she kept continually wrap'd up and that from thence it hath also been a Custom for Women to cover their Feet which if they do not it is accounted very ridiculous Moreover in this they resemble Taquia that their Feet seem so little in their Shoes that they appear no bigger than Goats Feet The Chineses both Men and Women before the Conquering of the Empire of China by the Tartars are said to have wore long Hair on their Heads without ever Shaving it except Children who till the fifteenth year of their Age Shav'd their Heads only leaving a long Lock on their Crown after that time they suffer'd their Hair to grow without Shaving till they came to twenty years of age which was the time that Men putting on their Hat of Manhood an ancient Custom like that of the Toga Virilis amongst the Romans and let it hang loose over their Shoulders In the twentieth year they ty'd up their Hair and wore a Cap or Hat over it made of Horse-hair or Silk but this Cap was not us'd by the Women who went only with their Hair ty'd up and adorn'd with Gold Silver Precious-stones and all manner of curious Flowers and the like But there hath been since a great alteration in the Shaving and Wearing of their Hair for all those Chineses which were subdu'd by them were forc'd to Shave their Hair according to the Tartar fashion only reserving one Lock behind on their Heads wherefore the Hollanders generally call them Shaven Chineses as those who refusing to submit to the Tartars and to Shave off their Hair joyn'd with the Rebel Kâ—…xinga are call'd Unshaven Chineses â—…ut in former times they took such a Pride in their long Hair that they rather chose to Die than lose the least Lock thereof nor was it only Pride but something of Superstition that made them so concern'd in long Hair for they like the Mahumetants entertain'd a simple Imagination that they should be pull'd up to Heaven by their Hair Nevertheless the Priests us'd in ancient times to Shave the Hair of their Heads and Beards every eighth day The Chineses also have a strange Opinion of themselves accounting none equal to them and looking upon all Affairs of foraign Kingdoms and People as not worthy their knowledge nor description insomuch that we find not any one Countrey which they have frequented with their Ships mention'd in their Histories when as they are very exact in the describing of those Countries within their own Dominions Moreover all the Names with which they express foraign places are ridiculous and signifying either Barbarians Slaves or the like for they never take notice of the proper and true Names of Strangers as for example they ridiculously name the Iapanners Vocu which by them signifies The Countrey of a Barbaâ—…ian Language and the Tartars Nucieu All the Northern Chinefes or the Inhabitants of the seven Northern Provinces especially those of the Province of Peking are Inferior to those of the Southern Provinces in Learning Arts and other Exercises of Ingenuity but are Valianter and better Soldiers In like manner the Southern Chineses are very Politick and Civil and the Northern Rough and Unpolish'd As for the Inhabitants of the Province of Xensi they are very Civil and Courteous yet they are as dull in Learning as the other Northern Chineses Those of the Province of Fokien are much inclin'd to Riot and Lasciviousness yet are they Politick of great Understanding and subtile in the way of Merchandize very full of Fraud They are addicted to Literature and have many Learned Persons among them yet they are by the other Chineses accounted a People of a Salvage cruel Nature as seeming to have retain'd some of the antique Barbarism because they were the last that imbrac'd the present Laws and Customs of the Chineses The Inhabitants of the little City Vuâ—…iven in the Province of Quangsi are in high credit amongst the Chineses for their Policy and Understanding many of them being chosen for Governors and High-priests The City Xaohing in the Province of Chekiang sends forth the most Ingenious and best Orators in all China insomuch that there is scarce a Governor but hath one of this City for his Council The Inhabitants of the eleventh County Vencheufu in the Province of Chekiang have been of old much given to the abominable Sin of Sodomy which is grown so habitual among them that neither Law nor shame restrains them from acting it publickly Several Mountains lying in the twelfth County of Xincheufu in the Province of Huquang are inhabited by Wild and Salvage People call'd Vulinman Concerning the Original of these People the Chinese Writers give us this fabulous account King Kaosin Warring against a Robber nam'd U was driven by him to utmost extremity for the Robbers Valor and Experience in War was such that he often Defeated King Kaosin and Routed all his Forces wherefore Kaosin caus'd to be Proclaim'd amongst his Souldiers that he would give twenty thousand Ounces of Silver and a City with his youngest Daughter to any one that would bring him the General U's Head While this Edict was in force King Kaosin's Dog call'd Puonho ran into the Enemies Army which lay at that time Incamp'd in a Wood and killing the General U brought his Head to the King who exceedingly rejoyc'd at the Death of so great an Enemy yet thought himself not oblig'd to perform what the Proclamation had promis'd as concluding it very unseemly for a Beast to
The SECOND THIRD EMBASSIE to ye. EMPIRE of TAYSING or CHINA with Previledge Ao. 1672. ATLAS CHINENSIS Being a Second Part of A RELATION OF Remarkable Passages IN TWO EMBASSIES FROM THE East-India Company OF THE UNITED PROVINCES TO THE VICE-ROY SINGLAMONG AND GENERAL TAISING LIPOVI AND TO KONCHI EMPEROR OF China and East-Tartary WITH A Relation of the Netherlanders Assisting the Tartar against Coxinga and the Chinese Fleet who till then were Masters of the Sea AND A more exact Geographical Description than formerly both of the whole Empire of China in general and in particular of every of the fifteen Provinces Collected out of their several Writings and Journals By ARNOLDUS MONTANUS English'd and Adorn'd with above a hundred several Sculptures By IOHN OGILBY Esq Master of His MAJESTY'S REVELS in the Kingdom of IRELAND LONDON Printed by Tho. Iohnson for the Author and are to be had at his House in White Fryers M. DC LXXI TO THE Supream Most High and Mighty Prince HARLES II. By the Grace of God OF GREAT BRITAIN FRANCE and IRELAND KING DEFENDER of the FAITH c. THIS ATLAS CHINENSIS CONTAINING Remarkable Passages IN TWO EMBASSIES FROM NEW BATAVIA TO KONCHI EMPEROR OF China and East-Tartary WITH A MORE EXACT GEOGRAPHICAL DESCRIPTION THAN FORMERLY DEDICATED with all HUMILITY LIES PROSTRATE AT THE SACRED FEET OF YOUR MOST SERENE MAJESTY BY THE HUMBLEST OF YOUR SERVANTS AND MOST LOYAL SUBJECT IOHN OGILBY DIRECTIONS FOR PLACING The Whole-Sheet Prints IN THIS SECOND CHINA TItle The City and Castle Zelandia in the Island Taywan Fol. 39 Matzou 42 The Idol Sekia 43 Quantekong a Half sheet 44 Castrum à Meinjaceen 77 The City Quemoey 134 The City Aimuy 138 Hocsieu with its Suburbs 192 The Royal Presents given to King Singlamon 232 The Departure of the Emperor from Hocksieu to the Imperial Court at Peking 259 The City Kinningfoe 264 The City Jemping 262 Pouching 265 Hitsiu 277 Hanchieu 278 Lankin or Nanking 284 Paolinxie Pagod 286 Pecking 319 The Imperial Palace where the Presents were received Marked A. B. C. D. 223 The Royal Banket 334 The Station of Ceremonies used at the Funerals of great Persons 388 The Station used by the great Mandarins 414 The Marks of the Mandarins Figure 1. a Half-sheet 417 Idem Figure 2. a Half-sheet 418 Divers sorts of Bonnets Figure 1. a Half-sheet 419 Divers sorts of Caps or Bonnets Figure 2. a Half-sheet 420 Gods and Goddesses Number 1. 569 Idem Numb 2. 570 Idem Numb 3. 571 Idem Numb 4. 572 The Idol Sechia 574 The Idol Vitech or Ninifoe 582 Directions for building of Pagod-Temples in two Divisions 600 PLANTS RHabarbarum Witsoniarum a Half-sheet 680 Li-Ci Kia-Giu Arbor Papaya 681 Su-Pim Po-Lo-Mie Cieu-Ko 685 Cinamonium Ya-Ta Du-Liam 686 Pi-Pa Man-Ko Giam-Bo 687 A SECOND EMBASSY OR APPLICATION TO THE Emperor of China MAny Years are past since several Europeans especially the English Spaniards Portuguese and Hollanders have with indefatigable Endeavors persever'd towards the acquiring a free and unmolested Trade in CHINA Yet though they have variously attempted what might seem probable to this Effect their whole Undertakings have prov'd little better than a Labor in vain for the Chineses priding in the Subsistance of their own Product and too strictly observing an Ancient Law prohibiting the Admission of any Strangers into their Countrey excepting such onely as bringing Tributes from the adjacent Borders paid Homage to their Emperor as Supreme Lord of the World or else Foreign Embassadors under which pretence many drove there a subtile Trade have shut out and abhorr'd all Correspondency abroad which Trigaut affirms saying The Chineses have a Law that forbids Strangers to come amongst them but if any such be found the onely Penalty is That he must dwell there and never return Yet these are not suffer'd to go where they please but limited in the Entries and Out-skirts of the Empire mov'd by a Superstitious Fear from a Prophecy That they shall be supplanted by Strangers But the Interpretation or Suspition extends not onely to remote and unknown People but their Neighbors with whom they have some Converse and use the like Customs Habits and Religion for the Coreans the nearest of their Neighbors were never seen in China but in the condition of Slaves Father Martinius also in his Chinese Atlas relates That China is lock'd up so close and cunningly to keep out all Strangers that scarce any unless by way of Embassy are once suffer'd to come in The Turks Tartars Moguls and other adjacent People address themselves as Embassadors when indeed are disguis'd Merchants and so drive there a profitable Trade for feigning fantastick Names for several Princes that never were nor are present Gifts to the Emperor which they buy at low Rates cheap but fit Commo ties to be transported thither Nor can they be Losers for they receive atleast twice the Value as a grateful Return the Emperor counting it a high dishonor to do otherwise Besides this all Embassadors during their stay going and coming through the Countrey are with their whole Retinue maintain'd at the Publick Charge and their other Goods whatever that are not Presents in stead of Customs and Taxes are brought on several Carriages at the Emperors Expence to the Palace where they are permitted to expose them to Sale or Barter But although this care be taken concerning their Expences and that they shall no way be Losers in making their Addresses to the Court yet whatever Ambassadors they be though the Negotiation be never so serious and of greatest import nay though they come loaden with Treasure to be pour'd into the Emperors Exchequer and be ancient Friends and Allies yet they are entertain'd like Spies and Enemies not suffer'd in their Journeys to see the Countreys but hood-wink'd have no more Prospect than the Road they tread upon and in like manner are as close Prisoners lock'd up in their Inns and Places of purpose for such Reception and when come to Court not onely secur'd but never permitted to Publick Audience or to see the Emperor but manage all their Business by the Mandarins or Officers of State Besides Trigaut also tells us That they severely punish their own People that hold any Commerce or Intelligence with Strangers without especial Licence from the Emperor And what is of more remark If there be occasion to send any Person of Quality forth by way of Envoy or Embassy beyond the Limits of the Empire it is a Work of difficulty to procure them but when prevail'd upon by Perswasions at his departure all his Acquaintance Kindred and Relations lament as if going to suffer Execution but at his return he is receiv'd with as much joy and specially advanc'd by the Emperor which is no wonder the Chineses having such a reluctancy to whatever seems strange nay scorning to learn out of any Books but their own believing that all Humane Knowledge is within the Sphere of their Activity and looking upon all Outlandish as ignorant Animals
or ten Tail more on a Picol of Silk than otherwise each Tail valued at about five Shillings Sterling and a Picol a hundred twenty five Pound weight The Formosans observe a Time which they call Karichang very strictly abstaining from several things while it lasteth This Karichang comes every Month once which is when the Moon as we mention'd before enters our Vernal Sign Aries It was they say first constituted by one that liv'd in Sinkan call'd Fariche Fikrigo Gon-go-Sey being of a very stern Countenance with a long Nose for which mock'd and derided by all his Acquaintance He therefore tyr'd with their continual gybes and jeering having still one fling or other at his Nose desir'd the Gods that they would please to take him from this wicked World and place him in Heaven which being as they say granted after some time he descended again on the Earth where he commanded the People as a punishment for their former derision strictly to observe the following twenty seven Commandments which if omitted he threatned them with severe Punishments I. Thou shalt not in the time of Karichang build either Houses Walls or Resting-places by them call'd Taekops nor any Hedges or Fences in the Field II. Thou shalt neither buy nor sell Skins Salt Gangans Painted Clothes nor any thing else of that kind III. No Married-men shall sleep with their Wives in the time of Karichang neither shall a Young Man espouse nor bring his Houshold-stuff or Goods to his Bride nor enjoy her lest he die soon after have a lingring Sickness or live at debate IV. Thou shalt not manure new Lands nor lay Straw or Grass upon them nor sow any Seed upon them lest all thy Labors and what thou hast done be destroy'd V. Thou shalt not make Bowes Arrows Shields Swords Assagays or Snares neither shalt thou catch any Beast If any Woman make Bracelets they shall have great Pains in their Arms. VI. Thou shalt not put on any new Garment nor use any new thing whatsoever lest thou lose that and suffer also a great Sickness VII Thou shalt make no Bridges lest they fall or be broken down and thy Swine die VIII No Clothes Gangans Rice Rice-Stampers Black Pots with two Ears nor any other Drinking Vessels shall be brought into the Houses None shall cut green but onely dry Canes and those they may not put into their own Houses but into one of their Neighbors IX Thou shalt not plant Pinang nor Clapper-Trees nor Canes nor Potatoes nor any other Plant. X. Thou shalt kindle no Fires on thy new Place of Assembly which is call'd Kavo nor sleep in them lest thou be punish'd with great Sickness XI No young Men shall exercise themselves in running the Race call'd Tragaduwell XII No Child born in that time shall be taken from his Mother lest it die immediately XIII Let no Man wear any Armlets call'd Salahim lest their Arms should grow sore XIV Thou shalt not kill any Swine though one of thy chiefest Friends come to visit thee unless at Obits XV. Thou shalt not Fish or Hunt for more than thy own Provision XVI Thou shalt not put any Swine in the new Houses made before the Karichang if there were none in before XVII Thou shalt not name the Child that is born in that time till the Karichang be over lest the Child die XVIII Nor shall the Mother stir with her Infant from the Child-bed Chamber further than the next Neighbors XIX A new Tamatawa or General shall not march into the Field till the Karichang is over XX. A Bridegroom shall not walk with his Bride except he hath gone abroad with her before lest some dangerous Sickness ensue XXI No Parent shall knock out their Daughters two upper Teeth before as it is customary with them nor bore Holes in their Ears during the Karichang XXII No Man that never travell'd before shall then begin his Journey XXIII No Maid shall taber with her Feet on a Funeral-Trough if she never Danc'd before XXIV Young Children call'd Taliglig shall wear no Armlets lest some hurt should befal them XXV None shall go in Pilgrimage call'd Zapuliung to the City Mattou in this time except they have been there before XXVI Thou shalt not receive into thy House any Chinese or other stranger but carry them to thy Neighbors And if thou make any Contracts or Alliance thou shalt do it with a Straw in thy Hands over a Chost saying Shall I gain by this or not If I speak angerly will he be patient Which said thou shalt pay the Gods the usual Offering XXVII Thou maist not make any Mariche thad Kaddelangang either in thy Towns Houses Fields or at thy Hunting nor no Vagacang in the time of Karichang ANno 1652. the seventh of September the Chineses of Tayowan and Formosa being then under the Hollanders obedience depending on the great numbers of their People broke out into Rebellion led by Fayet a Ruler of Smeerdorp lying two Leagues from Sakam with a design to surprise or force the Castle of Tayowan which thus they contriv'd viz. To invite the Governor Nicholas Verburgh with all the Officers and chiefest of the Merchants residing in the City Zelandia to their Full-Moon Feast resolving when they were in the midst of all their Mirth to dispatch them in a general Massacre This done they intended to march to the Castle under pretence to bring the Governor home and upon the opening of the Castle-Gate to press in upon them and so Master it But one Pau a Chinese Commander who dwelt in Zelandia and Brother to Fayet the Chief Leader of the Conspirators disputing with his Brother the probability of carrying on the Plot said The Design is good very good and may be brought to effect but if we should fail and the Plot be discover'd and these Devils the Hollanders get the better what will become of us then You shall not suffer onely and the Party that you have engag'd but thousands of Innocents that knew nothing shall scarce satiate their Revenge with their miserable Slaughter To which their General Fayet replied Brother if you are not satisfied and your Fear overcome your Iudgement you are at your Liberty to dispose of your self be Neuter go to your Habitation and which way soever the Victory falls there you may in safety and unsuspected enjoy your Freedom Pau having receiv'd this Reply departed musing as he went but at last resolv'd to discover the Plot and make himself secure indeed Coming therefore to Tayowan near the Castle he desired the Serjeant to admit him to speak privately with the Governor but the negligent left Pau waiting with a slight Answer the Governor and the rest being then at Prayers But he more importunate and big with so great a Business by earnest solliciting was let in to the Governor to whom he discover'd all At which Verburgh the Governor being startled first commanded to secure Pau in the Castle and sent an Officer with eight Men
near a Stone-Bridge built over the Water on Pillars and Arches and cover'd close on the top with long and thick Planks from Arch to Arch on each side thereof are Rails of blue Stone here and there adorn'd with Dragons and Lions Hew'n and Carv'd out Over this Bridge four Horsemen may conveniently ride abrest The twentieth being Wednesday they went in two Pallakins or Horse-Litters carry'd by four Horses over the Bridge to the City Hoksieu there to Complement the Vice-Roy Singlamong's Wifes Mother and to present her with an Amber Necklace and to speak with the Governor Being pass'd over the Bridge they found the High-ways built the Streets pav'd and crowded with thousands of People all along the City to the Palace insomuch that they were scarce able to pass for the Throng The Vice-Roys Palace in which at that time his Wifes Mother resided was a handsom Edifice surrounded with Walls of Free-stone with great Portals and fair Gates and guarded with Horse and Foot At their entring they were courteously receiv'd by the Vice-Roy's Mother-in-law who conducting them into a Hall furnish'd with Pictures and Stools desir'd them to sit down When seated they were entertain'd each of them with a Cup full of Bean-broth and afterwards they were all plac'd before a little Table to eat both boyl'd and roasted Meats serv'd up in Plate of Massy Gold The Vice-Roys Brother for he was also there discoursed with them about several affairs and amongst other things ask'd of them if they had as great and well built Towns in Holland as they had in China and if they had Horses Cows and Sheep there to which they answer'd that they had Then he inquir'd how long they were coming from Holland to China they reply'd Six or seven Moneths Then the Vice-Roy's Mother who had many Women waiting upon her came to them saying That she intended to have eat and drank with them but her indisposition had hindred her but would Write in their behalf to her Son the Vice-Roy and at their return sit at Table with them for you are said she in a strange Countrey full of People and therefore had need be careful to Travel circumspectly that you may meet with no inconvenience Nay she admir'd that they durst venture themselves where they knew no Place nor any Person Van Campen being ask'd what Place he bore and how qualifi'd answer'd He was Vice-Admiral of the Fleet whereupon she reply'd Then your Princes and Lords must needs wear rich Apparel and go bravely being much taken with the Velvet Jump he had on This pass'd Van Campen and Nobel civilly taking their Leave of the Lady parted from her and went to the City Governor's House Guarded both with Foot and Horse by which passing and being entred they soon return'd upon a Servant's saying that his Lord was troubled with an Ague and lay at rest in his Chamber so that at present there was no opportunity to speak with him wherefore he desir'd they would please to come again the next Morning whereupon they were carry'd in Pallakins out of the City the Streets being so crowded with Men Women and Children quite to the Bridge where their Jonks lay that they were scarce able to make their way through The two and twentieth in the Morning going again to Hanlavia they presented him with some red Cloth thereby to obtain his favor and assistance in their speedy dispatch to the Vice-Roy Singlamong From thence they Rode to the City Governor's House that he might furnish them with People for their Journey where coming they found him somewhat indispos'd yet nevertheless they had Audience in the same Place where he generally sits with the chiefest of the Countrey consulting about publick affairs Upon their asking if he would be assisting to them in their Journey to the Vice-Roy Singlamong and Taysing Lipovy he answer'd That he would be ready to do all things that lay in his power saying he had Writ in their behalf to the Emperor at the Court at Peking and to the Vice-Roy Singlamong in Sinksieu and provided two Mandarins with ninety Men to Travel thither with them Being ask'd if he thought it convenient for the Admiral to put to Sea with eleven Sail to Cruise up and down to the Northward if there he could to annoy Coxinga and his Party and leave one Frigat in which the Presents were in the River Hoksieu he reply'd That he durst not advise about it but their Admiral in that case might do what he thought fit yet as he suppos'd it were better that the Ships stay'd there till the Vice-Roy's coming home that there might be a better understanding However you may go said he to the Governor of Minjazen Hanlavia and he will be better able to inform you in these punctillio's what to do Hereupon they leaving Hoksieu went about Noon to Hanlavia by whom they were invited to Dinner when taking opportunity to ask the same Question they receiv'd the like Answer viz. That the Admiral might do what he thought fittest all which Van Campen and Nobel writ to the Admiral Bort with their Opinions A little after Dinner they went with their Retinue into their Jonks to proceed in their Journey to Sinksieu and came about three a a Clock after Noon to the Fort Aulavia or Lavyt near a Ferry where on the the Shore they were courteously receiv'd by the Governor and entertain'd with the customary honor of Bean-broth The Fort Aulavia surrounded with high Walls hath a strong Garrison both of Foot and Horse and stor'd with all sorts of Ammunition and Provisions Here whoever pass over they pay Custom for all those Goods and Commodities that are after sold and dispers'd through the Countrey Several Troops of Horse are daily sent out of this Fort to keep the Ways clear from Thieves which have their lurking-places in the neighboring Mountains After some stay here they set Sail again and in the Evening came to the Village Lanpon where they stay'd all Night This Lanpon is a Place of good Repute being inhabited by many rich Chineses which drive a Trade through all the Countrey and also much frequented by the neighboring People because of a Temple wherein they worship an Idol said to give good and comfortable advice in great misfortunes or adversities and therefore visited daily both by rich and poor that in their Troubles they may receive some consolation from him The twenty third being Saturday at nine a Clock they leaving Lanpon went by Land in Palakins along a Cawsey pav'd with blue and gray Free-stone This day they travell'd through abundance of Rice-Fields and Plains full of Fruit-trees and all manner of eatable Plants scatter'd with many populous Villages and moistned by murmuring Streams that flowing out of the Mountains made it a most delightful Prospect They also saw several antient Monuments all Sculpt out with Imagery resembling Men Horses Lions and Dragons over which stately Arches rais'd high like our Triumphal with Inscriptions in
River Min is no way inferior either in beauty or worth or bigness to the Metropolis Father Martin affirms this City to be Venetus his Quelingfu In this last Tartarick War this City suffer'd much damage for having revolted from the Tartars it was taken after a long Siege and laid in Ashes and all the Inhabitants put to the Sword The Fire consum'd here a Bridge over the swift River Min the Pillars whereof were of an exceeding heighth of Free-stone the other parts of Wood beautifi'd on the top with Houses and Shops on each side but since by re-building it hath re-gain'd somewhat of former lustre Beyond the Bridge on the opposite Shore stands a stately Pagode Most of the new Buildings fall short of their old beauty notwithstanding the Chinese Towns that are consum'd by Fire are much more easily re-built than those in Europe because most of them are nothing but Wood. Near the City Kienning is another fair Bridge with Shops and Houses on both sides This City Kienning is a Place of great Trade for all those Commodities that come either up or down the River must pass through it When they come to the City Pucing they are taken out of the Vessels and by Porters carry'd to a Village call'd Pinghu belonging to the City Kiangxan over high Mountains and deep Valleys four days Journey In like manner they are carry'd from Pinghu to Puching The whole Way as much as is possible to be done by the Art or Labor of Man is made even and Pav'd with square Stones along whose sides are built many Houses and Villages onely to entertain Travellers The Merchandises being first weighed are deliver'd to the Master of the Inn which send them for a certain Gratuity by Porters to other Places where the Merchant without any trouble receives them If any thing chance to be lost the Host is bound to make it good Here are always above ten thousand Porters ready which wait to receive the Goods and carry them over the Mountains Because of this Carriage of so many Goods a House stands erected for the receiving a small Custom or Duty towards the maintaining and reparation of the High-ways The fifth Tract of Land call'd Ienpingfu makes the Centre of this Territory and borders in the East at the chief County Focheufu in the South and South-West at Civencheufu and Kancheufu on the West and North at Tingcheufu Xaounfu and Kienningfu King Cyn was the first that call'd the chief City and the Countrey thereto belonging Ienping the Family Tang nam'd it Kiencheu that of Sung Nankien but Taiming restor'd its antient Name Ienping This Ienpingfu contains seven Towns and Cities of which Ienping is the chiefest next Cianglo Xa Yonki Xunchan Iungan and Tatien The City Ienping lieth on the Western Shore of the River Min from whence it rises with its Buildings up the Hills rendring a delightful Prospect to those that pass by and though none of the biggest yet it is beautifi'd with several fair Houses The Walls exceed in heighth the neighboring Ascents which on the out-sides are inaccessible making the City very strong and indeed the Key to the whole Territory On the East-side is a Lake made by the Rivers Min and Si. Almost every House is furnish'd with Water convey'd to them through Pipes from the Mountains which Convenience no other Place in China hath Not far distant lay over the Rivers Min and Si two fair Bridges near which are two Temples The Town of Xa lieth on the Northern Shore of the River Taisu though formerly on the Southern Shore but was by the Emperors Order pull'd down to the Ground and left desolate because in it a young Man had Murder'd his Father The sixth Division being Tingcheufu is the most Western of this Territory borders Easterly on Ienpingfu on the South-East at Quantung on the West at that of Kiangsi and on the North Xaounfu This Countrey belong'd also heretofore to the Princes Min King Cyn gave it the Name of Sinlo and the Tang Family that which it bears at present in which Tincheufu was only a small Town but the Taimingian Family made it a chief City This Countrey contains eight Towns and Cities viz. Tingcheu the chief Winghon Xanghang Vuping Cinglieu Lienching Queihon and Iungting The seventh County call'd Hinghaofu is a small yet fruitful Countrey and borders on the East and South-East with the Sea on the South at Civencheufu on the West at Ienpingfu on the North at the Tract of Land belonging to the Metropolis Focheu King Sui gave it first the Name of Putien the Family Sung that of Hinghoa which signifies A Budding Flower afterwards the same Family call'd it Hingan but by the Taimingian the antient Name of Hinghoa was restor'd This Shire hath onely two Cities whereof Hinghoa is the chief the other call'd Sienlieu is but small but the Countrey abounds with Villages and Hamlets All the Ways being sixty Stadia's long and a Rod in breadth are Pav'd with square Free-stone The City Hinghoa is very neatly built and adorn'd with many triumphal Arches and full of Colledges for the training up of Youth in Literature and encouragement of Learning At the Foot of the Mount Hocung South-Eastwards from Hinghoa lies a Village in splendor and bigness of Buildings like a great City but hath neither Walls nor any Priviledges belonging to it yet many rich Merchants reside there which Traffick through all China On the Shore of the Lake Ching lying at the Foot of the Mount Chiniven Northward from Hinghoa stands a great Palace with ten Gardens belonging to it in which before either Rain or tempestuous Weather happens as the Chineses say is a ringing noise heard like the sound of a Bell. The eighth County being Xaounfu borders Easterly at Kienningfu in the South at Ienpingfeu and Tingcheufeu in the West North-West and North at the Territory Kiangsia This Division reckons four Cities the chief of which is Xaouw the rest Quangce Taining and Kienning The City Xaouw the most Northern of this Territory was antiently a mean Place under the Princes of Mins Jurisdiction and was first fortifi'd with Walls and the Title of City given it by the Family call'd Tang yet hath ever preserv'd its Name of Xaouw It lies Westerly of the River Cu and is cut through by the River Ciao which poures its Streams into the Cu and from thence by several small Channels waters the City Because this County is a firm and profitable Soyl and on the Borders of Countreys whose Passage is troublesom it is fortifi'd with several Castles Garison'd with Soldiers The small Tract of Land belonging to the City Foning a Mountainous Countrey and the most Eastern of this Territory borders in the East and South-East at the Sea in the South and South-West at Fochenfu in the West at Kiennunfu in the North at the Territory of Chekiang It contains three Towns Foning Fogang and Mingte The Ways through the Mountains are very
before Noon saw several Priests Houses and Hamlets built on the hangings or declivings of the Mountains and in the Afternoon about four a Clock they came to Seghia and Siong two Villages opposite one to the other about two Leagues from Bokkay from whence passing on they arriv'd at another Watch-house call'd Soujong where they stay'd the following Night having with great danger gotten two Leagues and a half to the West The twenty eighth in the Morning they came between two great Towers about nine a Clock each standing on a Summit fronting the other on the side of the River behind which appears the City Iemping or Ienping or Ienpingsoe The Ambassador passing through the Bridge was by two Mandarins sent from the General of that Place call'd Sioubontok invited to Dinner to his Palace whither he went with some of his Attendants So soon as he came with his Barque to one of the City Gates he was kindly receiv'd by Sioubontok and nobly Entertain'd after the Chinese manner with variety of Dishes and several Entries of their Wayangs or Stage-plays No Discourse of any concern hapned here onely Sioubontok ask'd if the Netherlanders had Quelang and how many Men kept the Place Which the Ambassador answering according and taking his leave went in the Evening Aboard where they sound some fresh Provisions sent thither by the General 's Order consisting in Oxen Swine Hens Ducks and Herbs for which the Beaters receiv'd five Crowns of Silver and the Ambassador according to the Custom of the Countrey gave the Wayang Actors and also the Servants that attended him at the Table five Dollars apiece In the Evening Sioubontok came in Person Aboard and a little after the Governor of the City being a comely proper Man with a long Beard Habited after the Chinese manner in Mourning for a deceased Relation both welcoming the Ambassador and Haulavia the Mandarin that was sent with him as his Guide who would not come to Sioubontok's Feast though invited several times After the Netherlanders had given them a taste of their Spanish Wine and they view'd the Horses and Oxen and Sandal Wood that were to be presented to the Emperor they took their leave and walk'd to their several Houses in the Dusk of the Evening Sioubontok after his departure sent the Ambassador some Geese and six Picol of Rice After which he sent the Interpreter Maurice Iansz Vis to the General Sioubontok to enquire how the Netherlanders Business stood at Peking because Maurice was very familiar with him having been his Servant when he was a Prisoner amongst the Chineses Maurice at his coming back brought word from Sioubontok That the Netherlanders were in great esteem at Court and that he doubted not but they would obtain what ever they desir'd but there were some great Persons at Peking which they must seek to please and get their favor by which they need not doubt to have all their Requests granted Moreover he desir'd Maurice to entreat the Ambassador in his behalf that when the Emperor should chance to speak with him about the conquering of Tayowan which without doubt he would do that he would please to speak in his behalf that he might go with them to the subduing of the Place because he had a Wife and Children and several Goods there The twenty ninth in the Morning Sioubontok sent more fresh Provisions as Poultrey Swine Sallet Herbs and Provender for the Horses for all which the Secretary Vander Does went and presented him in the Ambassadors Name with a Fowling-piece a Pair of Pistols a Couple of Knives a Chain of Amber Beads one Piece of Amber weighing ten Ounces ten Dutch Ells of fine Cloth and likewise an Inventory of the Presents design'd for him which if he would not accept now he might receive them at the Ambassador's Return The Secretary was also commanded to desire Sioubontok to instruct the Netherlanders how they should carry themselves to the four Zoetaysings which he had spoken of to the Interpreter Maurice and likewise inform them of some other Lords that might assist them in their Business in Peking The Secretary at his Return related That he had shewn Sioubontok the Inventory of his Presents who said he would receive them with many thanks proffering moreover his Service to assist the Hollanders in what ever they pleas'd to desire of him After some Discourse the Secretary ask'd him concerning the four Zoetaysings or Great Men and what Lords they were best to address themselves to in Peking Whereupon commanding all his Attendants to avoid the Presence he reply'd That when the Netherlanders came to Peking they must endeavor to gain the four chief Councellors or Zoetaysings favor who during the Emperor's Minority were Guardians or Protectors of the Empire which was very easily be done if they did but employ some faithful Persons to intercede for them and in their Name Present them with Money and Gifts which they loved very well To which purpose that he might assist them he would send a Letter with them to Peking to a certain Mandarin which was in great Repute there and was formerly one of his Deputies who would on his Recommendation be very serviceable to them and that he had also Presented some prime Councellors each with a Negro Boy which were also his Friends and would aid the Hollanders in their Business They should not repose too much confidence in the Proffers of several Persons pretending to belong to the Court for many cunning Villains would come and perswade them to believe that they were such and such great Lords which they were not as he himself had found when there in Person therefore they ought to have a great care that their Followers were not talkative which might prove a great disadvantage to their Business but if they could get into the four Councellors of States favor they could but ask and have for what-ever they requested would certainly be granted them There are also said he several Officers belonging to the Councel to which he would recommend them and their Business Whereupon the Secretary taking his leave thanked him for his good advice and so went Aboard The Presents design'd for Sioubontok being brought to Land though not without some difficulty were by Captain Putmans carry'd to him who sent the Ambassador twenty Pieces of Stuff for the Clothing of his Retinue and some Fruits in return for them whereupon the Stuffs were immediately distributed amongst the Men. In the Afternoon Lunlakko the Interpreter brought the Ambassador from his Mandarin twelve Pieces of Chinese Boat-Silver to bear his Expences telling him it was by the Emperor's order and also that the Ambassador was at such Places to have twelve Condarins or fifteen Stuivers Nobel fourteen Condarins or twelve Stuivers Putmans twelve Condarins or ten Stuivers all which Money it was thought fit to refuse but because the Mandarins and Interpreters durst not receive it again saying That what the Emperor had commanded must be obey'd and if they would not
and the Mandarine Guides which being no way pleasing to the Ambassador he said that he would have no Quarrel about the Emperor's and his Goods for he would pay those Coelies which were wanting above the number express'd in the General 's Warrant Whereupon as many Coelies were provided as they wanted and the Ambassador wrote a Letter to the General in Hoksieu to this effect THat the Ambassador would never forget the many great Favors which he receiv'd from his Highness in Hoksieu and doth not doubt but that he will continue the same In return whereof he desires that Talavja might be assur'd that neither in the Court at Peking nor any other Place in the World he would seek or do any thing to his disliking or disparagement That himself hath well arriv'd at Chinkon in Pouchin and finds that he wants more Coelies than are express'd in the Pay or Warrant granted him whom if his Excellency think fit he will cause to be paid by the Hopou in Hoksieu This Letter deliver'd to the Mandarins the Ambassador ask'd when they should proceed on their Journey to which they answer'd Two days hence Then he enquir'd if the Horses and Oxen might not be sent away before because the Oxen travell'd but slowly which being granted they prepar'd all things accordingly But in the Evening a Chinese Secretary call'd Sinko said that the Mandarins caus'd Frames to be made to carry the Oxen because it would be impossible for them to go over the Mountains at which the Ambassador seem'd very well satisfi'd and accordingly put off their going In the Morning being the sixteenth Hiu-lavja one of the Netherlanders Mandarine Guides came with the Frames for the Oxen to the Ambassador's Lodgings who asking him when they should go from thence reply'd Two days hence Then he desir'd to know the reason why they must stay so long because the Mandarin had on the fourteenth Instant also told him That he should go two days hence Whereupon he said That it was because the Coelies which they wanted above the number mention'd in the Pass granted by Talavja was not yet allow'd by the City Mandarins who had promis'd that within two days all things should be ready himself wishing that the Hollanders were gone To which the Ambassador reply'd That he knew that the Lepous were somewhat displeas'd about their so long tarrying at Hoksieu being detain'd there by the Vice-Roy therefore it would be very inconvenient to lose more time there so that if the Lepous should chance to ask him about it in Peking he could freely declare that it was not his but the Mandarins fault who made him wait for Coelies Which Discourse prevail'd so much that Porters were immediately sent to carry the Sandal Wood with which they walk'd before it being very troublesom for its length and heaviness to be got over the Mountains The eighth in the Morning an hundred Coelies came to the Ambassador's Lodging to tie and pack up the Presents to be carry'd in Burthens and to go with their Loads before with the Horses and Oxen with which the Secretary Vander Does was also order'd to Travel before the Ambassador Nobel and the rest intending to follow them in the Afternoon but because one of the Horses had receiv'd a hurt on his Head above the left Eye the Ambassador thought it convenient to stay a day or two longer in Poutchin and to keep one Horse more besides the fore-mention'd to see in that time what could be done to him and then give order for his stay or taking along with him Whereupon the Secretary with two Horses the Oxen and the hundred Coelies with their Loads went before Nobel and Putmans being order'd to follow him in the Afternoon but because the tying up of the Goods spent too much time it was deferr'd till the next Morning The Horse being pretty well recover'd the Ambassador went from Poutchin the one and twentieth in the Morning and having travell'd half a League by the Village Olian and in the Afternoon by Sisanly and Singan and some Pagodes or Temples towards Evening came to Guliaen where they reposed that Night The next day being Snowy and Rainy they rested themselves in expectation of fair Weather The twenty third the Skye being pretty well clear'd notwithstanding the Mountains were still cover'd with Snow the Ambassador leaving Guliaen proceeded on his Journey and in the Morning pass'd over a high Hill and so through Huysjounton Hangsion Outangay Ontongne Kieumoe and Ousalinga from whence they saw divers Pagodes built on the Declivings of several Mountains In the Afternoon they travell'd in sight of the Villages Movana Loutiatona Golinga Longkia Kiekova and divers Hamlets and Temples of which very many stand all along this Road amongst whom they saw one on the top of the Mountain Liougtouw and call'd by the same Name Here are the utmost Limits of the Province of Fokien and Chekiang or Chetchiang between both which the foremention'd Temple stands so that now leaving Fokien they entred into that of Chekiang and going on came towards the Evening to a Village call'd Limathova having that day travell'd five Leagues four in the Territory of Fokien and one in that of Chekiang This Province though less than others yet exceeds all the rest in fertility of Soil delightfulness of Prospects and Riches beginning in the South under twenty seven Degrees and five Minutes Northern Latitude and extending Northerly to thirty one Degrees and twenty five Minutes a Tract of sixty five Leagues the greatest breadth from East to West being almost of the same length It borders Easterly on the Sea where the shortest Cut is to Iapan and not above a days Sailing as some say with a fresh Gale of Wind in the South and South-West upon Fokien in the West and North upon Nanking and likewise touches with a small part upon Kiangsi It is divided into eleven great Counties almost as large as some Provinces for one of them being Hancheufu and the chiefest of them is ample and powerful enough to be a Province or Kingdom viz. Hangcheufu Kiahingfu Hucheugfu Nienchufu Kinhoafu Kieucheufu Chucheufu Xaohiugfu Ningpofu Taicuheufu and Vencheufu having several great and small Towns to the number of eighty three belonging to them besides unwall'd Places and an incredible number of Castles and populous Villages The chief Tract of Land call'd Hangcheufu borders Northerly on Hucheufu and Kianhingfu in the East at the River Chee between Kianhingfu and Xaohingfu in the South at Nienchufu and in the West at Nanking In ancient times this County belong'd to the Vice-Roy of V. and was afterwards possess'd by the King of Cu and by the Family of Chin nam'd Cientang by the Emperor Sui it was first styl'd Hangcheu by the Family Tang Iuhang by Sung Lingan but the Taimingian Family restor'd this Country to its old Name This Division contains eight Cities of which Hancheu is the chiefest the rest are Huining Tiuquang Inlang Liugany Yuum Sinching and Changhoa
which extends it self to three days Journey are on each side wharf'd and wall'd in with Stone of the Quarre at the end of which appears a great Dam that receives and keeps the Waters which swelling to a convenient heighth Vessels that come thither are with little help floated over into another Stream This Current serves onely to bring small Vessels up to the City Ningpo for the great ones go about by Sea Near this City are also many Triumphal Arches for building of which they have ready accommodation because the Quarres that serve all China are close by their Doors The ninth Division call'd Ningpofu borders in the East with the Sea in the West with Xaochingfu South upon a River flowing between this and the County Tancheufu The Kings Iue gave this and its Metropolis the Name of Iungtung the Family of Yang Nungcheu those of Sung Kingchyven but at last by the Taimingian Ningpo that is Reconciler of Strife The Kings of Han brought this Countrey under the Territory of Huiki Ningpofu hath five Cities viz Ningpo Cuki Funghoa Finghai and Siangxan Not far from Ningpo lies a Promontory which the Portuguese formerly very much frequented who corrupted the Name to Liampo Some say that from this Point in serene Weather they can discern the Mountains of Iapan whereas the most exact Chinese Cards or Maps make the Sea much broader than to discover any such Prospect The Metropolis Ningpo situated close by the River In boasts store of handsom Buildings On whose Eastern Shore stand several Triumphal Arches and two Steeples with seven Galleries one over another The Banks of the said River are all rais'd of Free-Stone at the end the Water is also stopp'd with a Stone Dam over which they hale the Vessels into a larger Channel In the little City Cuky are two Bridges one with Stone Supporters and great Pieces of Timber three hundred Rods long another which is very high and all of Stone stands on three Arches The tenth County call'd Taicheufu being a great Tract of Land verges Eastward with the Sea Southward with Vencheufu Westward with Kinhoafâ—… Northward with Xaohingfu and Ningpofu In the time of the Kings this Countrey belong'd to V. afterwards to Iue but was at last by the Family Cyn brought under the Territory of Minching The Family Han gave it the Name of Changan Tang of Haicheu and soon after that of Taicheu which it retains to this day This Countrey comprehends six Cities viz. Taicheu Hoanguien Tientai Cienkiu Ninghai Taiping This City Taicheu is situate on a Hill lying on the East side of the River San. The eleventh call'd Veucheufu conterminates in the East at the Sea in the South with the Territory of Fokien in the West at Cucheufu in the North at Taicheufu This Countrey is for the most part very mountainous but hath in the South before you approach the Hills of Fokien a large and spacious Plain Formerly this Countrey belong'd to the Kings of Iue afterwards to those of V. King Loang gave it the Name of Iungkia and was by the House of Tang first call'd Tunkia and soon after Voucheu by Sung Xuigan and lastly by the Taimingian Veucheu This Province Veucheu possesses six Cities viz. Veucheu Xuigan Locing Ping Yang and Taixium The City of Veucheu seated on the River Iungkia because it is also like the Metropolis Hangcheu standing on a Morass Soil and adorn'd with many fair Edifices is by the Inhabitants call'd Little Hancheu The City is very populous and a Residence for many Merchants whose Ships find good and safe Harbors in the great River Iungkia the Sea ebbing and flowing up to the City Walls Near the Sea-shore in this Territory are fifteen Garisons built against the Incursions of the Iapanners and safeguard of the Sea viz. in Veucheufu Nan Ningtung Sining Huigan Tunchi Cumen Puohin Xetic in Taicheufu Sinho Cioki Ninghai in Ningpofu onely Tinghai in Kiahinfu Hiacing Kinexan and Chincam Several Isles neighbor this Countrey inhabited by Husband-men and Fisher-men of which Cheuxan is the greatest the next are Chanque Chaopao besides several other lesser Cheuxan lies directly East from the Metropolis Hancheu opposite to the River Cientang in thirty one and thirty two Degrees Northern Latitude thirteen Leagues from the Main Land and hath in length from North to South sixteen and in breadth eight Leagues When antiently the Chinese King Lui worsted by the Tartars and flying with his scatter'd Forces to this Isle from all Parts many of the Chineses flock'd thither so that ever since what was before inconsiderable hath been a populous and well planted Isle for they number in this small Isle above seventy Towns and Villages most of them verging the Sea in such Places where Inlets and Bays make convenient Harbors neither wants their King a considerable Fleet which keep his Coast safe from the Incursions and Landing of the Tartars Horse wherein they are most formidable And the Tartars as much in awe of the Islanders keep continual Guard in the Fort of Tinghay rais'd on the Main Land with a Fleet of Crusing Chineses Before the Province Taicheufu near the Garison Cioki lies an Island call'd Ychoan which is Precious Circle so call'd for its convenient Havens the whole being in a manner so surrounded with Mountains it breaks off all Winds leaving onely a Gap or Entrance for Ships to come in at The whole Province of Chekiang is every where cut through with Rivers Rivulets and murmuring Streams some brought in by Art others of their own accord Most of the Channels of those Rivers which run Southward fall in such order as if Nature on purpose had contriv'd their Course so that the Traveller may pass through the whole Territory either by Land or Water which way he will still supply'd with all conveniencies The River Che from whence this Countrey hath its Name runs from the South to the North and divides it exactly in the middle in an Eastern and Western Canton but it changeth its Name at Hangcheu and there is call'd Cientang and again where it takes its original out of the Mountains in the Province Hoeicheufu they name it Singan The eighteenth day of the eighth Moon which is our October a prodigigious Spring-tyde happens worthy of admiration for it is onely on that day and begins to flow exactly at four a Clock in the Afternoon and comes with a Head at the first appearance high and strangely mounted above the Waters and suddenly turns Topsi-turvy what ever either by neglect or carelesness lies in the Way roaring extremely in his ascent beyond the loud murmur of Cataracts or Water-breaches to which as a wonderful spectacle where they have secure places the Magistrates Strangers and a great number of People resort to see though horrid the annual Spectacle The River Ho takes its Original near Cinijuw the third substitute City to the seventh Province Chucheufu and from thence follows by the Metropolis Kuihoa
which at this Place they were to provide themselves quite to Peking The thirtieth in the Forenoon the Conbon sent the Ambassador by one of his Mandarins ten Picols of Hay for a Present which since none could be bought for Money was accepted with many thanks and a reward to the Mandarin that brought it In the Afternoon a Grand Mandarin who had the Command over the Militia and the Emperors Wardrobe in this City came to Complement and Welcom the Ambassador who having presented him with a Glass of Wine and shewed him the Horses and Oxen took his leave The one and thirtieth in the Morning being furnish'd with all Necessaries they left Siucheu and were Tow'd along a digg'd Channel which reaches from Siucheu Eastward of the Lake Tai to the City Chinkiang and disembogues it self into the great River Kiang Having stay'd eight days for new Vessels to Embarque themselves in and yet not able to get enough were forc'd to keep four of their Hanksieu Barques two for the Horses and two for the Presents The two Masters of the Havens sent by the General of Hanksieu to conduct the Netherlanders took their leave at the North Suburb of Siucheu where leaving the Ambassador they intended to Sail again to Hanksieu Van Hoorn for their care which they had over the Vessels gave each of them a Piece of Perpetuana and also with this opportunity sent the following Letter to the General of Hanksieu and the Conbon GRatitude is accounted the greatest Vertue amongst the Hollanders The Ambassador cannot forget the many Favors which the generousness and Civility of Talavja had conferr'd on him The Ambassador cannot find words to express his hearty thanks but hopes at his Return from Peking and for the future to manifest by Deeds how much the Realm of Holland and the Ambassador are oblig'd to Talavja The whole City Siucheu hath its Situation on the Banks of a great standing River which cuts through the City cross-ways and is Navigable both for small and great Vessels The Walls of the City according to the Chinese Geographers are forty Chinese Furlongs in circumference and with the Suburbs above a hundred As the Netherlanders were inform'd the City covers a Spot of three Leagues in circumference Without and within are many stately Bridges of Stone resting on several Arches It is but thinly built and the Houses are erected on Pine-tree Masts many of them being very sleight Siucheu because of its nearness to the Sea and the River Kiang is a Place of great Trade and hath many Ships belonging to it nay the Netherlanders saw so many Boats in all Places that there was scarce room to get through them Much Amber is us'd in this City for the Hollanders passing through several Streets saw none but Workers of Amber All things not onely for the subsistence of Man but also for pleasure may be had here in great plenty It is one of the famousest Places in all China because all the Portuguese Indian Iapan and other Commodities that come from foreign Countreys are brought thither not onely by Strangers but the Chineses themselves There also come many Merchants from Nanking and other Places to Trade which makes that from year to year there is a continual Trade here and Ships going from hence to other Provinces and Cities and because the Ships should not be in danger when they Sail cross the neighboring Lake Tai there is a Channel made on the North side of the Lake which runs from the City Sucheu to that of Chinkiang so that it discharges its Waters in the River Kiang but yet the Course of it is stopp'd up there by a Sluce which is drawn up or let down when they please But as they travel from Sucheu to Ukiang or from Ukiang to Sucheu is a Stone Bridge resting on three hundred Arches by which the Channel is divided from the Lake Tai. On this Bridge they draw their Vessels along by a Line it being built for that purpose that they need not lie still there with their Ships Without the Walls of the City stands a Custom-house where they pay no Custom for Goods but for the Ships according to their Burthen and it is said that this Custom comes Annually to ten hundred thousand Ducats or five hundred thousand Pound Sterling whereby it may easily be judg'd how many Ships go constantly up and down this River whereas all the Emperor's Vessels or those that carry any thing to the Court pay nothing Many of the Emperor's greatest Barques call'd Lunchyven past by whilst the Hollanders Rid at Anchor there The City is Govern'd by a Conbon or Governor who at that time was a Leaohing Chinese and highly belov'd by all Persons After the Netherlanders were gone about a League from the City they pass'd by Xuciquan a large Village and in the Afternoon saw two hundred of the Emperor 's great Barques lying at Anchor In the Evening they arriv'd at the South-East side of the Suburb Usie having that day with Sailing and Towing pass'd six Leagues in several Courses Usie the second substitute City to the fifth Metropolis Changcheu signifies Wanting of Tin for formerly on Mount Sie near Fusie the Chineses found a great deal of that Metal but in the beginning of the Reign of the Imperial Family of Han most of the Mines were exhausted for which reason the City receiv'd that Denomination Here the Hollanders found many Stone Ovens in which they Bake or harden with Heat to that purpose all manner of Stone In the Morning being the first of April they proceeded on their Journey and Sailing about a Musquet-shot from the Walls of Usie which leaving on their Lar-board they arriv'd at the North-Suburb where having stay'd some time for Coelies or Men to Tow them they went forward again About Noon they Sail'd through Unquouw a Village situate on both sides of the Channel where they saw divers Vessels full of Indigo which the Masters of them said was to be had at Sinchian and Sucheu and towards the Evening arriv'd at the Village Gongling where they stay'd all that Night having that day Sail'd three Leagues and a half in a Northerly Course The second in the Morning leaving the Village Gongling and after half a Leagues Towing through the Village Syksiovyem they dropp'd Anchor in the Evening on the North side of the City Siucheuw otherwise call'd Cbangcheu that there they might furnish themselves with fresh Coelies but none being to be had there so suddenly they were forc'd to stay that Night having not gain'd above two Leagues in a North-West Course all that day The reason why they made no greater speed was because the Channel was very full of the Emperor's Barques which by reason of their Bulk and deep Lading made but little way and the Channel so narrow that they could not pass them The sides of this Channel near the City are rais'd with much braver Stone than the other parts The third
in the Morning going on farther and passing through the Village Laytschem they arriv'd at Luesinga in the Evening where dropping Anchor they stay'd all Night to get fresh Coelies to Tow their Vessels with which they came that day but three Leagues because of the slow progress of the Emperor's Barques The fourth leaving Luesinga they came after they had been Tow'd through the Village call'd Sucouw to the City Tanyang in the Afternoon Sailing along the Walls thereof to the East Suburb where they stay'd that Night to get new Coelies having that day Sail'd and been Tow'd in a Northerly Course three Leagues The fifth in the Morning they set forth again with fresh Coelies and leaving the City Tanyang pass'd by a Lake which by three Sluces empties her Waters into this Channel In the Afternoon they came to a little Village call'd Hongunpek where they spent some time in resting themselves being much tir'd by slippery Ways and the Wind being against the Vessels whose high building had the greater force of them So soon as they had eaten they went away again and in the Evening arriv'd at the Village Singfon where they were forced by tempestuous Weather to drop Anchor having that day by several Courses been Tow'd two Leagues and a half The sixth in the Morning leaving Singhfon they saw several Stone Ovens about Noon passing by the Walls of the City Sinkiang or Chinkiang they dropt Anchor at the North Suburb to make preparation for their going up the Nanking Stream or River Kiang and likewise as their Mandarine Guides said to exchange some Barques having this day been Tow'd about two Leagues The seventh in the Morning several Tartar Mandarins came to Complement the Ambassador and bid him welcom whilst he entertain'd them with a Glass of Wine One of them after his departure sent the the Ambassador a Porker a Goat and some Fruit which he thankfully receiv'd and in return sent him some counterfeit Pearls which he would else have bought The Ambassador was also by a Mandarin invited to Dinner with the Governor of that Place whither he went in the Afternoon another Mandarin coming from the foremention'd Governor with Horses to fetch him with Putmans the Secretary and all his Retinue except Nobel who could not go because of his indisposition and coming to the Governor they were courteously receiv'd and welcom'd This Lord gaz'd so exceedingly upon the Netherland Ambassador and his Retinue that he forgot his Eating and Drinking by which means also no Discourse hapned amongst them of any remark so that the Netherlanders after a civil Entertainment took their leave In the Evening the Interpreters Ienko and Liulako came to tell the Ambassador that they had a second time been sent for to the fore-mention'd Governor who ask'd them for the number and quality of the Emperor's Presents which as far as they knew they had given him an account of in Writing whereat he was exceedingly amaz'd saying That without doubt they would be very acceptable Moreover he ask'd them if the Ambassador had no Blood-Coral Pistols Sword-blades counterfeit Pearls and the like because he would willingly buy some of them and therefore desir'd that they would please to speak to the Ambassador Which being consider'd by the Netherlanders and observ'd that this was a Tartar and a Man of great Quality who in and about the City bore the Command over a great number of Soldiers and that he might do much for their advantage at Peking they judg'd it convenient in the Morning to send and present him with five Ells and a half of Stammel five of Sky-colour'd Cloth a Perspective Glass two Pieces of Linnen one String of Amber Beads and some counterfeit Pearls and with them were sent a Complementing Letter to this effect THe Ambassador is extreamly satisfi'd with and oblig'd for Talavja's or his Lordships Civilities and desires him to accept of these small Gifts as a token of Friendship and in so doing will farther oblige the Hollanders Captain Putmans was order'd to carry the Governor the fore-mention'd Presents and Letter that Morning but saw him come early Riding towards the Barques so that it was thought fit to stay till his Return Mean while the Ambassador's Son went with the Pilot and Interpreter Maurice a Fowling on the Banks of the River Kiang The Governor returning in the Afternoon came with four of his chiefest Lords to see the Oxen and Horses and also to visit the Ambassador protesting he could not avoid waiting on him being so much pleas'd with his Conversation Whereupon the Ambassador call'd for his Musick with the pleasure of which he seem'd even ravish'd After which being entertain'd with Spanish Wine and Sweet-meats he departed The Gifts design'd for the Governor were now ready to be presented but he modestly refus'd them saying He could not accept of them as yet giving him many thanks in the mean time Then asking Genko and Liulako the Interpreters who were there present if the Geueral of Hanksieu and Conbon of Seucheu had receiv'd any Presents of the Ambassador To which they answer'd That the General of Hanksieu had not but the Conbon of Sucheu was pleas'd to cull out a couple of Swords Whereupon he a second time refus'd the Gifts but adding That if any Swords had been mention'd in the Note he would have been glad of them Wherefore the Ambassador after his departure chose a Sword from a peculiar Parcel for they had but few and in stead of a Pistol of which also they had no great store for all the enquiring was for those two sorts of Arms added a Carbine to the Presents Which done Putmans went a second time to the Governor with them The Swords Carbine Sky-colour'd Cloth and counterfeit Pearl he receiv'd but the rest he sent back when several of the Generals Children coming to see the Ambassador in his Barque were in respect to their Parents presented with Amber Necklaces and other Trifles After the Netherlanders had stay'd till towards the Evening waiting for Vessels to Ferry them over the River Kiang for there were none but a great Boat which the Mandarin Guide Hiulavja kept for himself under pretence that that which he came in was grown leaky they went with all their Vessels to the Mouth of the Haven before a Pagode where they stay'd all that Night whilst the Guide Mandarins offer'd a Goat and a Swine to their Deity before which as they say they durst not Sail up the River The chiefest of them went into the Pagode or Temple carrying the slain Sacrifice to lay it on the Altar when the Priest at their approach fell devoutly upon his Knees and began to Mutter and Pray to himself In the Temple being Painted Red hung several Lamps which burnt Night and Day for the Deceas'd Souls On one side of the Altar stood a Trough wherein they laid the Victim and on the other a Rush Box with small pieces of Canes which were the Sortes or Lots cast by
before a Flood-gate having that day been Tow'd but three quarters of a League it was very difficult too for the great Vessels to get through these Sluces which were in a manner quite dry on the North side and on the South side not above three Foot and a half of Water which being let out there would not remain a Foot and a quarter when as the great Barges drew two Foot and a half so that the Water must at least be a Foot higher before they could get through wherefore they lay still two days viz. the seventeenth and eighteenth but on the nineteenth they got through and after a little Sailing coming to the Village Gihaatsysy they dropp'd Anchor before a Water gate having this half day been Tow'd somewhat more than a League The twentieth in the Morning they went through the Sluce and at Noon another and also by the Village Zoatiajeen In the Afternoon arriving at Lieghayway they Anchor'd before a Water-gate having gain'd two Leagues this day The one and twentieth in the Morning having shot the last Sluce they arriv'd about nine a Clock at the South Suburb of Tungjanfoe otherwise call'd Tungchang the third City of eminency in the Province of Xantung This little City of Tungchang stands in a Valley built square and about an hours walking in circumference with defensive Walls In it are two eminent Streets which run cross through the Town in the middle of which stands a Triumphal Arch or a high Structure with four Vaulted Posterns and as many Roofs one above another The Gates are very strong and have on each side four Bulwarks which they can when Storm'd clear and make good On the North side is a Bridge of a hundred and thirty Paces long leading cross a Water that incircles the City On the South is a very populous Suburb of great Trade On the East stands an Iron Pillar four Fathom and a half thick and about twenty Foot high Engraven at the bottom with several Chinese Characters which according to their Relation was set up there seven hundred years before as a Monument under which lay the Body of an Heroe famous for his valorous Atchievements and good Service done his Countrey The two and twentieth in the Morning they left the South Suburb of Tunghang having gotten fresh Toers for which they stay'd and Sailing a Musquet Shot Eastward by the City came about Noon to Sinsia where they Anchor'd before a Sluce having Sail'd above a League this half day Here they were forc'd to lie all the Afternoon and the next day before they could get through for want of Water The twenty fourth in the Morning they shot the fore-mention'd Sluces and about Noon another and also pass'd by Xoesu Liancotsue Liancotza In the Afternoon they came to Toetsao where they Anchor'd before a Water-gate having been Tow'd above a League that day The twenty fifth setting forth again they pass'd another Sluce and about Noon they came to Woersjavaan where taking fresh Toers they went away immediately with hopes to reach the City of Linsing that day but being past Ooetsjaven Taykiasa and Tayhiaven they saw that the Channel lay full of the Emperor's Vessels laden with Tributary Goods which by reason of its narrowness and sholeness in some places they could not pass by which forc'd them though but half a League from Linsing to stay till the Water grew higher having that day gain'd three Leagues The twenty sixth in the Morning they went forward again and about nine a Clock they arriv'd at Linsing into which they went with their Barges for the Channel runs through the middle of it till they came before a Flood-gate through which they were to pass having this Morning been Tow'd half a League in a Northerly Course All Places hereabouts lay full of the Emperors Barges The Governor of this Place as the Mandarin Guides related was depos'd and a new one expected in two or three days from Tungchianfoe for which reason they could not pass the Sluce before which they lay it being lock'd up with Iron Chains The twenty seventh and twenty eighth nothing hapned of remark The twenty ninth being Whitsunday the Ambassador was told that the Governor of Tungchanfoe was come and had taken possession of his Place so that he thought fit the thirtieth in the Morning for the hastening of his Journey to write the following Letter to him THe Holland Ambassador is come from remote Countries and hath staid here at Linsing above four days The Chinkon hath been a long time a coming and by that means subject to be spoil'd therefore the Ambassador desires that they may with all speed go to Peking and to that purpose the Sluces may be open'd which will be serviceable to the Emperor and a great kindness to the Ambassador Nobel carrying this Letter related at his return that he had been with the new Governor who in answer to the Ambassador's Letter had told him That he was sensible how far a Journey the Netherlanders were come and that he knew having two years since been at Emuy and Quemuy what service they had done for the Emperor therefore he would not detain them but send a Mandarin to search the Barges because there being a Custom-house no Goods but the Emperors were to pass through without paying in which the Emperors Goods were to see if any other private Commodities were in them or not which should no sooner be done but he would give them leave to be gone and accordingly a Mandarin was forthwith sent who at first was very earnest about searching of the Goods But when the Ambassador answer'd him that he might do it and begin at his Vessel but he would permit no Chests nor Cases to be open'd he went away without looking upon them being first presented by the Ambassador with two Pieces of Linnen which was all he aim'd at The next Morning about Day-break passing the Sluce with all the Vessels they went through the City of Linsing till they came to the River Guei or Geu which comes from the South to another part of the City Thus they left the Channel Iun in which they had past through forty seven Sluces or Flood-Gates not without great trouble and Expence of two and thirty days time yet according to the Chineses saying they were gotten happily and speedily out of it because some years since there was so little Water in that Channel that the ordinary Vessels had been forty five and fifty days coming from Tunchiangfoe and Linching which places are not above six Leagues distant one from another In the Afternoon they got beyond Linsing which exceeds all other Cities in this County for Populousness fair Buildings though on the West side it is much decay'd and Traffique nay it need not give place to any City in the whole Empire for it stands at the end of the Channel Iun where the foremention'd Channel and the River Guei commix their Waters by which means there is extraordinary Conveniencies
Xanso This Mark the Mandarins keep with great care for upon the loss of it they are not onely put out of their Employments but severely punish'd wherefore when e're they go out they carry it with them in a Box or Cabinet Lockt up and Seal'd which they never suffer to be out of their sights There is an excellent harmony as Trigaut witnesseth betwixt the superior and inferior Magistrates and between the Governors and Privy-Council and other Grandees and the Emperor which they not onely manifest by their readiness in obeying him but also by outward appearance for they never neglect their usual Visits at certain times nor the Ceremony of Presenting Neither do the meaner Magistrates speak with the higher before the Bench or elsewhere but upon their bended Knees and with peculiar Reverence The same Ceremony the Subjects use to the Governors of their Cities notwithstanding they know that they never took their Degrees in Learning and before their entrance to be Magistrates were chosen from amongst the meanest of the Commonalty All Chineses if they follow any honorable Employment though they are Mandarins put on the Bonnet of their Office when they will speak shew Reverence or appear before any of a higher Quality for to come without would be accounted uncivil The Mandarins Stools are round like Chirurgeons Chairs the Back and Arms thereof cover'd with a Tygers Skin or some other Beast Their Beards are also set after the same manner as may appear in the Sculp wearing them very thin and letting them grow down without either Clipping or Shaving their Mustacho's hanging downwards they also shoot forth close by their Ears but grow not down to their Lips nor under their Chin but most frequently with three Whiskers on each side and one underneath The Mandarins and other Grandees nay the Emperor himself let their Nails grow long which they account no small sign of Gentility and Ornament Some Ladies because they would not break them wear little Cases over them None of the Magistrates Officiate above three years in a publick Employment except he be new Commission'd by the Emperor but is generally promoted to a higher Dignity This is done because none should get too many Friends or gain too much upon the Hearts of the People in dependency of which he might practise against the State as it hath often hapned The chiefest Governors of the Provinces Counties and Cities as the Pucinfu Naganzafu Cifu Ciceu Cihien and the like must every three years according to the Emperor's Order appear at the Court in Peking and there shew Reverence and Obeisance to the Emperor At the same time a general Muster is made at the Court of all the Magistrates which through the whole Realm are plac'd in the several Provinces as well of those that are there present as of those that are absent where a strict Enquiry is made of their Behavior From which Enquiry they conclude whom to depose whom to promote and whom to punish without regarding or respecting of Persons and the Emperor himself cannot alter any thing resolv'd on by the fore-mention'd Judges in this general Scrutiny Those that are to be punish'd are not the meanest nor the fewest but sometimes to the number of four thousand whose Names are set down in a Book which is afterwards Printed and publish'd to the whole Empire Moreover the Condemned are according to Trigaut divided into five Parties or according to Semedo the chiefest Misdemeanors for which the Mandarins are punish'd are chiefly seven The first contains the Covetous which have violated the Law by Bribes and defrauded the Commonalty and appropriated the Lands Goods or Chattels of their Subjects unjustly to themselves for which Offence they are not onely bereav'd of their Employments for ever but also all the Marks and Priviledges of Magistracy Amongst the second are reckon'd such as have not punish'd the Criminals according to their desert but conniv'd for favor or affection these are also bereav'd of their Places Liveries and Priviledges The third are very aged People and those that are too negligent and slothful in their Offices for which they lose their Employments yet not their Marks and Priviledges Amongst the fourth are reckon'd those which are heedless and hasty pronouncing Sentence without any consideration and go unadvisedly about publick Affairs these are put into meaner Offices or else sent to such Places in the Realm which are suppos'd to be of a more easie Government Amongst the last are those which Govern others and their own Families indiscreetly and live debauch'd contrary to the gravity of Magistrates these are bereav'd of their Office and Quality for ever The same Examination is also perform'd with the Magistrate at the Court but once every year And after the same manner and at the same time with great strictness the Officers of the Soldiers are likewise Muster'd None in the whole Realm is Commission'd to Rule in that Province wherein he was born except onely Military Officers This is done because the first should not favor their Friends or Relations but the last out of a love to their native Countrey should defend it more carefully When any Lord Serves as Magistrate none of his Sons or Servants may go out of the House make Visits Converse with any Persons or Treat about any Business for fear they should be suspected to take Bribes but he is attended by Servants given to all Magistrates upon the publick Account When he goes out himself he Seals the Doors either of publick or private Houses wherein Justice is administred with a Seal that none of the Houshold can come out without his knowledge The whole Realm in the time of the Chineses was Govern'd by Philosophers to whom all the Soldiers and Commanders shew'd great Reverence and a peculiar Ceremony and Respect Of these Philosophers consisted the chief Council of War their Designs and Contrivances being better respected by the Emperor than those of the Militia Officers which seldom or never were call'd to Council Wherefore none that were of a noble Mind and respected concern'd themselves about Warlike Affairs but rather endeavor'd to have the least Degree in the Council of Philosophers than to be the greatest Commander in Martial Concerns the Philosophers enjoying the greater Estates and being held in much higher esteem by the People But since the Tartars Conquest of China the Military Affairs are in greater Request and the Chineses exercise themselves so much in Arms with the Tartars that they lay aside their Learning Very strictly they observe the Governors and Commanders for besides the Tauli and Quauli which according to their Offices take cognisance of all Transactions and inform the Emperor thereof Every Province hath a peculiar Visitor which is to punish or accuse Offenders Above on the left side of Hoaquan appears a Dragon as it were flying out from the Clouds besides all manner of horrid Representations stand either at the Entrance of the Temple or behind the Images Another Idol call'd Vitek
of Musick and use several Instruments on which account they are invited to Funerals and publick Solemnities and serve the Emperor and Mandarins in making their Offerings They boast themselves to be Soothsayers and promise to procure Rain and clear Houses haunted by Spirits All the Chineses are strangely inclin'd to Superstition but especially the Followers of this second Sect and give great credit to Sorcery and Predictions of future things The Emperor's Astronomers according to Semedo do not a little uphold this Superstition because they foreshew ensuing Events from the colour of the Heavens and tempestuous Weather Thunder out of Season by several aspects of the Sun which they reckon to be twenty two and from sixteen other Appearances with all which they acquaint the Emperor And they chiefly employ their time in foretelling either Peace or War as also Sicknesses Death Changes Insurrections and the like to which purpose they make Almanacks or yearly Prognostications which are divided into Moons and the Moons again into Days the Days into fortunate or unfortunate Hours either to undertake any thing or let it alone as to go a Journey remove out of a House Marry bury the Dead build Houses and the like By this manner of Cheating the Chineses are so deluded and so strictly do they follow these Observations that they govern themselves wholly thereby for if the Almanack commands to do any thing on such a Day though all the Elements were against it they will not neglect it These Astronomers according to a very ancient Custom are punish'd with Death if they through neglect do not foretell the Eclipse of the Sun and Moon or accidentally commit any mistakes in their Prognostication for the Chineses account it a deadly sin not to assist the Sun or Moon when they are darkned with Offerings and beating of Drums and other noise fearing else they would be devour'd by a Dog or Dragon wherefore the Emperor inform'd by People experienc'd in the Course of the Heavens of the approaching Darkness immediately sends Messengers Post through all the Cities of the Empire to give notice of the Day and Hour on which the Eclipse will happen whereupon the Magistrates and Citizens carefully watch for the time and prevent the threatning danger by beating on divers tinkling and Copper Basons They have Temples that are drawn or Carriages made for that purpose in which the Women deliver out their Almanacks wherein a Receipt is written how they may Conceive Trigaut saith that no superstitious Custom hath spread it self so far through the whole Empire as that in the observation of fortunate and unfortunate Days and Hours so that the Chineses in all their Actions observe the time exactly To which purpose two sorts of Almanacks are Printed every year which upon the Emperor's Command are dispersed through the whole Empire which makes the Fallacy the more believ'd These annual Prognostications are sold in such abundance that most Houses have them In them they find what they too punctually observe not onely the critical Days but the precise Hours and Minutes at what time they shall begin or desist in any Negotiation or Business whatsoever Besides these Writers of the annual Predictions go higher Composing for their profit Books more puzling and mysterious with large Comments on the good and evil Days with more accurate Directions especially concerning Buildings Marriages or Travel and the like Business of consequence and though it often happens that the Weather fall out tempestuous let it Thunder and Lighten Blow or Rain yet they will begin though they make never so little progress Nasirodin a Persian Author who flourish'd Anno 1265. tells us that the Chineses by him call'd Katayans have a Circle of twelve Days which according to the Instruction of the Astronomers they use in chusing the time to undertake or delay any Business of consequenc These twelve Days are by the Chineses call'd as followeth Ching that is Perfecting Xeu that is Receiving Cai that is Opening Pi that is Locking Ting that is Affirming Che that is Serving. Po that is Breaking Vi that is Running danger Kin that is Raising Chu that is Dividing Muen that is Exchanging Ping that is Making even Four of these twelve Days are call'd He that is Black and are accounted unfortunate four Hoang that is Yellow which are lucky and promise some good two Hoen that is Brown and Dark and esteem'd ominous The Romans and Greeks agreed herein with the Chineses and most of it is at this day us'd amongst them one thing there is which may properly be said to be the Chineses it consists in the chusing of Land to build private or publick Structures upon or bury the Dead in chusing it by the likeness of the Head Tail and Feet of several Dragons which they suppose to live under Ground and believe that on them the welfare not onely of Families but also of Cities Provinces and the whole Empire depends The Chineses account one Dragon whom they call Lung for the greatest fore-runner of good Luck Before the time of the Family of Hia nay the Emperor Fohi who began his Reign Anno 2952. before the Birth of Christ it is said That a Dragon was seen flying from a Pool and to make the Business seem of greater consequence and consideration they added That they had observ'd sixty four Marks or Characters on his Back which according to their Sages have mysterious significations The Chineses in a manner ascribe all things to a Dragon and believe that not onely all humane Fortune but also Rain Hail Thunder and Lightning are as that Monster orders They also affirm That there is a Dragon under the Earth but chiefly under the Mountains and this is the reason why with such great Care and Charge they observe the parts of the Dragon in the making of their Graves for according to the goodness of the Earth they value the Riches and Fortune of the whole Family just as the Astronomers from the Conjunction of several Planets prognosticate future Events For this reason also the Chinese Emperors bear a Dragon in their Arms as the Romans an Eagle nay the Emperor's Apparel is Embroider'd with Dragons and likewise on all the Furniture for his Table and whole House is Engraven the same nay the whole Court is every where full of painted Dragons But above all it is to be admir'd that the Chineses paint five Claws at the Feet of the Emperor's Dragons None but those who are of Imperial Blood or peculiar Favourites of the Emperor may bear a Dragon in his Coat of Arms yet if others do use this same Bearing they must on pain of Death not give above four Claws They say that the Foam of a Dragon impregnated one of the Emperor Ie's Concubines without the use of a Man which Fable the Chineses thus relate In the time of the Family of Hia say they a Dragon was seen which vanish'd on a sudden and left a Froth on the Earth This Froth being of
Mountain is call'd Tienmuen that is Heaven Gate then running by Chinkiang at last disembogues it self through a great Bay into the Ocean wherein lies in a small Isle the City Cinkiang Garrison'd with Soldiers and Fortifi'd with Ships on both sides the Shores are for the most part built with great and small Cities Villages and Hamlets Before its fall from the City Kieukiam into the Sea a Tract of above a hundred Leagues the Kiang glides so gently that the Ships may Sail up the same with or against the Wind and some Tides especially Spring-Tides a strange thing to relate the Water running up so far in the Countrey that Sea-Fish are there taken In this Stream lie several Isles as Pequey that is of the white Tortel in the third County Hoangcheufu of the Province of Huquang In this County Kincheufu of the Province of Huquang a little Island call'd Peli which signifies An hundred Furlongs lies near the City Chikiang in the River Kiang In ancient times as the Chineses write it was nine small Isles which afterwards by the falling of the Waters and increase of Sands became one intire Island On the South-side of the City Kiangning lies an Island call'd Pelu famous because not far from it the Armies of the Southern Provinces were in the time of the Family Sung beaten and utterly routed Near the City Kiang lieth the Isle Chancung and on the South-West side another call'd Tengxu The Yellow River the second in Magnitude and most famous in all China and by them nam'd Hoang is so call'd from the colour of the Water occasion'd by the Yellow Mud or Clay Earth which from the Spring to the Sea it glides over It is always disturb'd and made thick by a Yellow Soil which it carries along because this Mud which gives the denomination and doth not as in other clear Waters shine from the Ground but discolours being rais'd by the swift and strong Current of the Water after the manner of Rivulets which swell by Rains the whole River as hath often been found by experience for when its Water is for a little while put into a Vessel or Glass the sediment sinks so fast down to the bottom that it makes almost a third part and indeed this River at the first sight seems to be a Pool or flowing Mud but the swift Current of its Waters manifests the contrary Those that frequent this River make the Water clear by casting in Allom which drives the Lees to the Ground and fills the fourth part of the Vessel It is a great wonder from whence such abundance of Clay or Mud proceeds considering it hath never been seen clear or bright nay the Chineses say That its Water cannot be clear in the time of a thousand Years insomuch that they have a Proverb from thence amongst them viz. when they speak of things that are never like to happen as altogether impossible they say When the Yellow River shall be bright Moreover the Hoang as a Foraigner entering from without into China takes Original out of the Southern Amasian Mountains otherwise call'd Quonlun and by the Inhabitants Otunlao which lie not far from the great Mogul's second Court nam'd Laor or from the Kingdom of Tibet Nay the situation of the places shew that the River Ganges in Bengale the Meson in Laor and other famous Rivers which moisten the Countries of Siam and Pegu have their Originals from these Mountains before-mention'd for the Chineses also manifest that many great Rivers have their head Springs and Fountains there leaving these Mountains it runs by Sifan and Tanyu a Tract of above 300 Leagues with abundance of Water to the North-East from whence descending to the East it approaches China near the County of Linyaofu in the Province of Xensi at the West end of the Great Wall along which it rushes and passes on through a part of the Kingdom of Tanyu between the Desart Karacatay otherwise Samo afterwards through the Desart it self with a swift Course and several Branches to the East and North a Tract of two thousand Furlongs from whence it turns South-West to China and in forty Degrees and eighteen Minutes Northern-Latitude runs through the Gate Se in the Great Wall of China and shoots along between the Province of Xansi and that of Xensi and in the Latitude of thirty six Degrees enters into the Province of Honan and out of that into the Province of Xantung near the City Cao from whence it runs towards the South-East and passes on through the Northern part of the Province of Nanking and discharges it self at last with great violence into the Sea in thirty two Degrees and a half Northern-Latitude The Hoang generally falls with such an incredible swiftness that no Boats can Row against it but are forc'd up with a far greater number of Toers than in the River Kiang In some places it is above half a League and others more and extending it self in length above eight hundred Leagues oftentimes rises above its Banks and covers all the neighboring Countreys with Water and Mud. The Chineses describe the Hoang in these or the like words The original of the River Hoang is between the Southern Mountains of Quonlun or Amasian Hills by the Inhabitants call'd Otunlao The Water which makes this River springs from above a hundred Fountains which makes the Lake call'd Singcieu which is forty Furlongs wide the Water running out of it along a Channel makes another lesser Lake from whence the Hoang runs Northward through a little towards the East and soon after washes the Province of Xensi and runs direct East then passing on Northward by the Sandy Fields or Wildernesses from whence it streams Southward into China and through the Province of Xantung discharges it self into the Sea Thus far the Chinese Writer In former times this River us'd also to run through the Province of Peking and Xantung but its Course is since by the art and labor of the Chineses led another way thereby to prevent the overflowing the fore-mention'd Countreys which by reason of their Champain Lands that extend themselves a great way in breadth and length should not be subject to its often inundating Streams yet nevertheless the Chineses have left a little Branch thereof as a testimony of its ancient Course thither After having given you an account of the two famous Rivers the Kiang and Hoang take a brief Relation of all the particular Streams both small and great which distinctly water every Province in the Empire of China THe River Io takes its original out of the Lake Si lying Westward of the Mountain Iociven in the County of Pekingfu from whence it passes through the Emperor's Palace and gliding through it with many artificial Trenches and meandring Inlets waters the Gardens and also makes several Lakes The Stream Lukeu which is call'd Sangean takes its beginning in the County of Taitungfu in the Province of Xansi out of the Mountain Iueny from whence it runs North-East and
into the Yellow River near the City Puching in the County of Siganfa The River King spreads it self with several Branches as the Streams Kin and Haoting through the County Pingleangfu from whence it goes on Eastward leaving the City King to the West afterwards Southerly poures its Waters East from the chief City Sigan into the River Guei The Stream Yao which takes original out of Sifan otherwise call'd Prester-Iohns Countrey or Tibet descends Southward through the County of Linyaofu and with great abundance of Water roaring like Thunder rowls along Northerly by the City Linyao and at last enlarg'd with the Stream Tahia falls into the Yellow River near the Mountain Ciexe The Stream Hoan another besides the fore-mention'd great River Hoang springs up in the Mountains Taise or Ulum in the County of Kingyangfu from whence gliding towards the South by the City Hoang and near the City Fungiven in the County Siganfu unites it self with the River Kiang The Yung Guei Puon Ring and U. are Rivers which glides through the County Fungyangfu all of them contributing their Waters into the River Guei The Han or Tungchan a Stream which begins in the County of Cungchangfu in the Mountains Cheuchi through which falling Eastward afterwards winds Southward then enters the County of Hanchungfu through which it cuts especially with two Branches one Eastern which begins about the City Fung the other Western which comes out of the Mountains about the City Mincheu then both these Branches uniting glides enrich'd with Water Navigable for Ships by the Name of Tan South-East and pass through the County of Cingyangfu into the Province of Huquang From thence the Han runs through the Counties of Siangyanfu and Chintienfu and at last after a long Course poures its Waters into the Lake Yeuchi and the River Kiang near the City Hanyang Several Rivulets discharge their Waters into this Stream into which the River Guei glides out of the Mountains Io through the Counties of Siganfu and Hanchungfu The River Vuting runs out of the Mountains near the City Ganting through the County of Ienganfu Southward by the City Cingkien and poures its Waters united with the Stream Kiemo into the Yellow River It is generally by the Chineses call'd The Unconstant because in its Course amongst the Sands it is sometimes shallow and sometimes deep The Stream Kiemo passes through the same County from the South to the North and begins in the Mountains Kicinu and gliding Westward by the Cities Paogan and Iengan and with the Vuting falls into the Yellow River The Water of this Stream is said to be so thin and aerial that no pieces of Timber nor wooden Vessels can swim upon it but sink like Iron The River Io runs to the South by the Garrison Xaucheu towards the East and unites it self Southward of the Fort Culang with the River Hoanting which comes out of Tibet and running both through one Mouth fall into the Yellow River How far this River Io glides Westward is not mention'd by the Chineses THe Stream Yo runs by the City Chaoykieu in the County of Cinanfu and takes its original out of the neighboring Mountain Hosien The River Ci takes its beginning in the Stream Sun in the County of Yencheufu and passes North-Eastward through the County of Cinanfu beyond which it divides it self into two Branches the one call'd The Northern and the other The Southern Cing and both discharge their Waters in the Xangen Bay at the dividing it receives the River Mingto which glides Westward out of the Mountain Minxe The Stream Ven which passes through the County Vencheufu begins near the City Taigan from whence gliding by the Cities Ningyang and Vengang disembogues near the City Cinning Westward of the Lake Nanuang in the Channel Iun. The River Si begins near the City Suxui from whence running Westward divides its self into two Arms the Eastern whereof is call'd Tang between which the City Kooheu lieth like an Island both these Arms uniting themselves again and enrich'd with the Water of the River Io fall through one Mouth into the same Channel Iun. The Pelang a River which springs out of the Mountains near the City Sintai in the County of Cinanfu passes Northward through the Territory of Cincheufu and gliding by the Cities Changlo and Xeuquan discharges its Waters into the Bay of Xang on the way the Rivers Hoaoquei and Chi flow into the same 〈◊〉 the West side and on the East the River Si. The Stream Kiao runs from the South to the North through the middle of the County of Lucheufu beyond the City Pinghtie and poures its Waters Westward of the Fort Haicolang into the Cangang Bay Kiao signifies Mudstream because of the thickness of the Water The River Vi begins in the County Cincheufu Northward of the City Mung in the Mountain Tapico from whence it descends Northward through the County of Laichenfu beyond the City Camie and disembogues into the Bay of Xang This River being stopt in its Course by one Zansin when his Countrey was invaded with Bags fill'd with Sand which drowning the Champain defeated his Enemies The Y or Su begins in the Mountains Westward of the City Kiu belonging to the County of Cincheufu and Southward from the City Mungin from whence gliding South by the East-side of the City Y it enters the Province of Nanking and then falls into the Channel Nun Northward from the Yellow River The Stream Hucu springs in the West from the Mountain Lie Northward from the City Po in the County of Tungchanfu from whence gliding Eastward it unites with the Channel Iun Southward from the City Iangco in the County of Iencheufu Eastward from the City Kao the Si flows out of the Lake Lui and runs towards the South into the Yellow River THe Streams Kinxui Iu Xeleang Pien Cu Quei and the Yellow River cut through the County of Caifungfu The River Kinxui which comes out of the Mountain Xeyang in the County of Honanfu goes Eastward through Caifungfu into the River Pien which takes its beginning out of the Yellow River in the County of Caifungfu Westward of the City Hoin and glides East by the South side of the Kity Caifung from whence running on to the South-East through the County of Queitefu it passes by the West side of the City Ningling then passes on through the County of Fungyangfu in the Province of Nanking and by the City Lingpi unites it self again with the Yellow River The Stream Quei divides the County of Caifungfu with several Branches and seems to take its original out of the Lake Si Westward from the City Hiu from whence it passes East and afterwards South through the same County and by the West side of the Cities Hiangching and Xinkian then passing through the County of Fungyangfu in the Province of Nanking where changing its Name and taking up that of Ing at last falls Southerly into the Hoai The River Cin which begins in the County
of Caifungfu and the Mountains Iuling North from the City Iu runs East to the City Ienling then gliding Southward unites with the Stream Quei The River Iu takes Original out of the Lake Quanching lyeth West from the City Iu where it joyns it self with the River Scenal and from thence flows through the County Iu afterwards East through the North part of the County Nanyangfu and at last turning its course through the County Iunningfu towards the South it falls into the River Hoai near the City Quang The Xoleang whose Head is in the County Honanfu Southward from the Mountains Xeyang flows from thence Southerly to the West side of the County Caifungfu and unites its self at the entrance into the County Iuningfu with the River Iu. Through the County Queitefu flows the Streams Pien describ'd before the Cin and Hoang or Yellow River The River Ciu begins in the County Caifungfu Westward from the City Chinglieu and runs Southward through the County Queitefu by the South-side of the City Queite afterwards East and again South by the Mountain Tang and enters near the City Tangxan into the Province of Nanking and soon after into the Yellow River The Rivers Lo and Ganyang otherwise call'd Von pass by the City Liu where they loose themselves under-ground several Furlongs but soon after appear again The Ki which divides the County Hoaikingfu comes out of the Mountain Vanno where falling under-ground soon after makes the Lake Taye from whence gliding Eastward into the Yellow River is call'd the Ci. Through the County Honanfu the Rivers Chan Kien Ko or Lo and Y The River Y begins near the City Luxi in the Mountain Lu and gliding Eastward unites with the Co or Lo near the City Honan The Lo or Co an excellent River comes out of the County Siganfu from the Mountain Lo in the Province of Xensi from whence it passes North North-East by the East side of the City Iunning where it receives the River Hivenhu and unites it self at last near the City Hanan with the River Y with which it glides from thence into the Yellow River The Stream Kien which begins in Mount Pexe to the Southward of the Yellow River runs Eastward into the River Y and Eastward from the City Honan the River Chan glides to the North. The Rivers Yo or Pe Tan Pie and Hoai through the Territory Nanyangfu The Pe or Yo beginning in the North of this County in the Mountain Yu from whence it runs South and passes through the Territory Cingyangfu into the Province of Huquang gliding Eastward by the City Quanghoa and immediately after into the River Tunghan The Pie which begins Westward from the City Yu runs Southward and unites with the Stream Pe on the Borders of the Province of Huquang The Tan begins at the West side of the City Nuihiang and shoots from thence South-East by the South part of the Towns Checheuen and Sinye and at last falls into the Pe. The Palu which begins on the Northern Borders of the Province of Huquang glides North-East into the River Hoai East from the City Quang The Sienul springs out of the Mountain Ri near the City Tenfung in the County Honangfu from whence it glides South-West into the Territory Iu Eastward from the Lake Quangching The Chu which begins in the County Chintufu Southward from the City Ginxeu passes South through the same and towards the West by the City Ninkiang unites with the Stream Yoyung which coming out of the County Tungchuen receives another River near the Mountain Loking which hath its Original in the Territory Chintufu The Chu thus inrich'd with Water glides to the South and takes the Name of Chung and so passes on through the County Sincheufu and at last towards the East through the County of the City Lincheu and disembogues Southward of the City Hokiang into the River Kiang The Kiang which from North to South runs through the whole County of Chingtufu under the Name of Takiang runs Southward by the West side of the City Muen and receives on the East the River Yolung after which it divides near the City Sinfung into several Branches which about and near the City Chingtu joyn together and surrounding the City and adjacent Countrey make it an Isle One of these Branches which run to the Southward of the City is call'd Kin and generally also Damask River because its Water gives a great Gloss to Silk if it be wash'd therein Another more towards the West is call'd Chia or Hoanglang that is Yellow Dragon for it is said that in the time of the Family Han a Yellow Dragon was seen in the same but glides towards the South through the County of the City Muicheu and Kiating and falls at last near the City Muicheu into Kiang or Taking The Lungchoa running out of the County of the City Muicheu to the South-West and North by the City Gueiyven discharges its Water in the Che or Cin. The Cin which begins in the Mountains Cinsing in the Territory Yacheufu falls Southward through the same County by the East side of the City Yacheu afterward through that of Kiating and at last Westward by the City Kiating where it unites with the River To or Tatu The River Chocung which hath its Original in the Territory of Kiungchoa in the Mountain Gomui passes through the Southern parts thereof and through the County of Kiating into the Stream Takiang or Kiang This River is eminent amongst the Chineses for a wonderful accident that happen'd to a Woman who walking along its Bank saw a great Cane standing on the Water from which hearing a noise and pulling up the Cane found a Child inclos'd therein which she carry'd home with her who breeding it up not long after became a great Conqueror and was call'd Yelang and first on the West side of this River Planted the Kingdom of Yeleang The To or Tatu which runs towards the Kingdom of Sifan is a Branch led from the River Kiang cut by Command of the Emperor Yu to prevent the over-flowing of the River Kiang The Chexu washes the South-West side of the Province Suchuen from whence it glides North-East and falls on the West side into the Lake Mahu Somewhat Northerly the River Lu takes the same course and so ends The Pa taking Original in the Northern Mountains of the County Paoningfu moistens the same and runs Eastward by the City Pa to which it gives denomination and afterwards passes Southward through the County Xunkingfu and near the Mountain Iohoan receives the River Chai near the City Tacho the River Lin near the City Riu the Stream Yu and unites it self in the County Chungkingfu near the Mountain Tu with the River Sihan or Sung and Feu which all of them with their conjoyn'd Streams fall into the River Kiang Southward from the City Chungking The Pa a River which is so call'd because with its Meandring Reaches it represents the Chinese Character call'd Pa which
Xeu and to the Southward of the City Siatang falls into the River Siang This River is call'd Lofeu because of its excellency and for the abundance of Lampreys that breed in the same The Gu which begins in the Mountains near the City Vucang glides from the South to the North through the County Paokinfu and passes over many Rocky Falls and receives on its West side Southward from the City Paoking the River Tuleang and in the Territory Xincheufu near the City Xopu another Rivulet call'd Xo from whence it passes along the West side of the County of Changxafu where it is nam'd Taohoa and winding towards the East joyns at last near the City Siangyn with the River Siang This River in the County of Paotingfu hath forty eight very troublesom and difficult places for Vessels to pass and most of all on the North side of the City Paoting where there are so many head-strong Falls from broken Rocks that the Chineses have set up a Copper Pillar there to make fast their Vessels to till such time as they have furnish'd themselves with all manner of Necessaries for their Voyage for it would be impossible else to get up their Boats by so many Rocks against the Stream The Ching which passes from the Mountains Eastward from the City Paoking glides to the North by the City Hencheu where soon after it falls into the Siang The U begins in the Mountain near the City Iung and runs by the City Changning The Lang otherwise call'd Yvon and Kiu takes original in the Province of Queicheu Southward from the Garrison Taping where it is call'd Tiechung and passes from thence Northward through the County Sintienfu then Eastward through the Territories Chinyvenfu and Sucheufu and enters into the Province of Huquang near the City Yveni from whence gliding North-East through the Counties Xincheufu and Chatefu it falls at last into the Lake Tungting The Xin passing by the East side of the City Xincheu falls into the Iuen On the South side of the City Lui are five Rivulets viz. Hiung Yeu Yuen Xin and Muon besides one of the same denomination which runs by the City Cienkiang and disembogues in the Tan. By the City Kingling glides the River Y which falls also into the fore-mention'd Tan. The Lungmuen passes by the East side of the City Chingyang having its original in a Mountain of the like Name Westward from the City Choxan begins the River Câ—…ngyang and runs Northward by the City Fang then by the Name of Tanghia bends Eastward and discharges its Waters also in the Tan. The Water of this River suddenly takes all Spots out of Garments and hardens the Edge of Iron and Steel By the City Choxan rushes also the Xangyang which hath a very great Water-fall If any one throw a Stone into it there immediately as they say arises a Thunder Shower The Hiung grows from the conjunction of nine Rivulets in the little County Cincheufu viz. Lang Vry Hiung Xin Lung Sui Quei Vu and Hiung from whence it glides along one Channel through the County of Xincheufu to increase the River Yven The Y or Cing which begins Westward of the Garrison'd City Xi passes Northward and going through the County of Kingcheufu falls into the Kiang The Can runs Westward by the City Nanchang into the Lake Poyang as the River Licufan to the East THe Cau or Chan which runs through the middle of the Province of Kiangfu from the South to the North takes its original in the County Cancheufu Eastward from the City Xuiking from whence it glides South ward by the City Hoeichang and afterwards takes its Course Northerly where not far from the City Cancheu to which it gives denomination it receives the River Chang. This River begins in the County of Nanganfu Westward from the City Nangan on the joint Borders of the Provinces of Kiangsi and Huquang Both these Rivers commixing their Waters make a great Channel on the North side of the City and divide almost the whole Province of Kiangsi then gliding Northward first through the County Cancheufu afterwards through that of Kiegan Eastward from the City Kiegan it self lastly passing through Linkiangfu and Nanchangfu fall Westward from the City Nanchang into the Lake Poyang By the way the Can receives several Streams and Rivers which all have their original in the Province of Kiangsi viz. To the East in the Territory Cancheufu the River U hath its beginning near the City Utu the Kien and Cang near the City Cancheu as in Kieganfu the Stream Lu near the City Kiexui towards the West the Rivers Tao Sui Xoin and Sengting in the County of Linkiangfu Westward the River Yven in Nanchangfu the Hoayang and Xo by the City Kiegan in the Stream Can begins the dangerous Rock call'd Xotapan for from this City the going down this River is very Craggy and dreaded also for the many Vessels that have perish'd there on its Sands and Shelves over which the Water hastes with great swiftness There are eighteen Places where they say the most danger is from whence the Name Xopatan which signifies Eighteen Water-falls is derived Most Vessels take an experienc'd Pilot with them from the City Kiegan to carry them through the fore-mention'd Places The greatest danger is at the City Hoangcung The River Yven or Yu springs in the Mountain Yangchi Northward from the City Iuencheu and in the County of Linkiangfu falls into the Chan. The Lu which begins in the Mountain near the City Iungfung runs not far from the City Kiexui and receives near the Walls of the City two Rivers viz. the Xanglu and Hialu then gliding towards the West bends afterwards a little to the North-West and alters its Name first into that of Luyuen then into that of Lap and disembogues into that of Chan. The River Kie or Ven passes through the Jurisdiction of the City Kiexui and with its winding Course makes almost the Chinese Letter Kie that is Happiness from whence also the City hath the Name Kiexui which is Happy in Waters Out of the Mountains near the City Iungsin springs the Rivulet Senting which signifies Whistle because its Waters gliding swiftly through the Rocks and Stones make a pleasant noise like that of a Flajulet The River Xo otherwise call'd Kin springs near the City Vanca in the County of Iuencheusu from whence it glides Westward by the City Xancao and unites with the River Hoayang near the City Kuicheu which both run into the Can. Its Water according to the common Relation of the Chineses is good against many Distempers The Lungki which springs out of the Mountain Pochang in the County of Nanchangfu glides North-East by the West-side of the City Fungsin afterwards through the Territory Nankangfu and poures its Waters at last near the City Gang into the Lake Poyang The River Sieu which running out of the County Iuencheufu Northward from the Mountain Kinki glides Eastward into the Territory Nanchangfu by the South side of the
where it terminates it receives many Rivolets and Streams as on the East the Tung on the West the Kiao Kieukio Cu and Siki on the South the Rivers Ionki Min and Tachang or Nantai The Tung which comes out of the Mountain Vanche in the County of Kienningfu falls Southward of the City Kienning into the Min. The Kiao which passes through the Territory of Focheufu rises out of the Mountain Siuefung shoots from thence Eastward to the North of the River Min by the South side of the City Lienkiang and at last discharges its Waters into the Ocean The Brook Kieukio which begins in the Mountain Vuy in the County of Kienningfu runs from thence South-West and unites with the Brook Hochung which hath its original in the Hill Ukiun in the Territory of Xaounfu from whence it passes South by the City Kienyang and at last falls with its Waters into the River Min near the City Kienning The Cu which begins in the Mountain Ukiun in the County of Xaounfu glides from thence first Southward then Eastward by the East side of the City Xaonu then bending to the South in the County Ienpingfu it faâ—…s into the River Si near the City Sianglo from whence both these Streaâ—… run through one Mouth Easterly then Southward and poure their Wateâ—… united with the River Situ Westward from the City Ienping into the Min. The Siki springs Northward in the Territory of Tingcheufu out of the Lake Kiao then runs Southward so East and enters into the County â—…enpingfu and to the North by the City Lunggan and by the City Xu wheâ—… it receives the Brook Taisu and unites it self at last with the River Cu. In the Siki along which they Sail down to the City Ienping â—…e many Water-falls and dangerous Shoals two especially near the City Cingâ—… namely Kieulung and Chancung in the passing by the Sea-men to prevenâ—… the danger of Shipwreck therein tie Trusses or Bundles of Straw beforâ—… the Bowe of the Ship which bear off the violence of the blow and keep her back The River Yeuki which rises in the County of Ienpingfu out of the Mountain Yucuang takes its Course Eastward by the North side of the City Yeuki and turning to the North falls into the Min. The Rivolet Tachang begins West from the City Iungfo and râ—…ning East by the City Focheu finishes Northward by the Name of Nantai into â—…e Min. The Chang which hath its original Northward from the Ciâ—… Lungnien in the County of Changcheufu runs East by the North side of the â—…es Changping and Changtui then from the East part of the City Chancheu which is also in the South it falls at last Southward into the Sea with two Arms. More to the South in the same County glides the Xeching from the West to the East and loseth it self Northward of the Garrison Tungxan into the Sea The Kieu directing its Course from North to South through the County of Civencheu discharges its Waters Southward into the Sea The Brook Lan and River Si which run from North to South through the Territory of Foningfu fall both into the Sea the first towards the West breaks forth in the Mountain beyond the City Fogan the other comes out of the Mountain Lan. The Ting hath its beginning in the Territory of Tingcheufu Northward from the City Tingcheu and receiving Southward of the same the Brook Ven proceeds by the City Xanghang then entering the County of Chaocheufu in the Province of Quantung receives near the City Chingiang the River Ching with which at last it loseth it self Southward in the Sea THe Brook Iokio begins with a Branch in the Mountain Ho in the County of Hoeicheufu and with another out of the Territory of Chaocheufu Northward from the City Pingquen both joyning near the City Kieyang run Southward by the East part of the City Chaocheu and at last dividing into two Arms fall into the Sea which on the East side of the City is call'd Go. The River Ly rises in the Mountain Northward from the City Changlo and Westward of the City Haifung shoots it self into the Sea opposite to the Island of Ciexing The Tung takes its original in the Mountains in the County Cancheu in the Province of Kiangsi tends on Southward into the Province of Quantung through the County of Hoeicheufu and at last terminates in the Sea Another River call'd Ceng shoots out of the fore-mention'd Tung above the City Hoeicheu and runs Southward through this and the County of Quangcheufu and gliding through the Lake Go dischargeth it self Northward from the City of Sâ—…an into the Sea The Siang also call'd Kio springs from the Rivers Chin and Vu Southward of the City â—…ocheu and bends its Course into the County of Quangcheufu where near the City Cingyven it receives the River Talo coming out of the Lake Quen and falls at last Westward from the City Quancheu or Ranton into the River Ta. The Chin springs out of the Mountain Muilin beyond the City Nanhiung the Vu out of the Mountain Chang in the County Haocheufu The Rivers Chin and Siang run â—…oth quite through whole Province of Quantung The Tao flows out of the Lake Quen Southward through the County of Quancheufu and falls near the City Cingyven into the River Siang Tao signifies a Peach from the abundance of that sort of Fruit growing on its Banks By the way the Tao takes in the River Hoang The Brook Yuâ—… which hath its source beyond the City Cunhoa in the County Quancheufu runs South-West and thence Eastward from the City Canton The River Xangu passing through the County of Lotingfu is receiv'd by the River Ta. The River Mekiang glides through the Territory of Nanhiungfu Mekiang signifies A River of Ink because its Water is as black as Ink notwithstanding which the â—…sh is not the worse esteem'd The River King appearing first on the Boundaries of the Provinces of Quangsi and Quantung passes on from the North to the South but through the last Eastward by the City King to which it gives that Name and opens a wide Mouth into the Sea The River Lungmuen takes its source in the Western Mountains about the City King in the County of Liencheufu and from thence passing through the Kingdom of Tungching loseth its self in the Sea The River Lien springs out of the Mountains near the City Linkan and Southward by the East side of the City Liencheu descends into the Sea through the same County the Sanya which hath its Original in the Mountains Northward of the City Suiki in the County Liucheufu resigns to the Sea The River Tunglui shoots from the North to the South through the County Caocheufu the Xo likewise though more Eastward glides to the West by the City Xaocheu where it receives the Stream Hencang THe River Ly otherwise call'd Quei takes its Original on the Boundaries of the Provinces of Huquang from whence it passes through the County Queilingfu Westward in the
South it receives the River Iung and runs through the Territory Chaokingfu into the Province of Quantung glides Southward by the City Chaoting and Loting and Southward from the City Quancheu or Canton looseth it self The River Kinxa takes its Original in the Province of Iunnan out of the South side of the Lake Tien or Quienning bends its Course Northward through the County Iunnanfu in like manner through Vutingfu and in twenty seven Degrees and thirty Minutes North-Latitude enters on the South into the Province of Suchuen Westward from the Garrison Le and at last falls East from the Lake Mahu into the River Mahu Another Branch also call'd Kinxa runs by the City Tinghuen of the Province of Suchuen and Westward from the Mountain Ulang finisheth its Course Another River likewise call'd Kinxa issues out of the Kingdom of Sifan and enters the Province of Iunnan through the Territory Likiangfu on the East side of the City Linsi proceeds Northward by the City Likiang then through the River Ciokingfu from thence Eastward by the North side of the City Pexing where it sends forth a Branch towards the South through the North part of the County Yagon having its Channel inlarg'd from the several Rivers which it receives in the Province of Suchuen near the Confines of the Province of Queicheu and joyns with the River Kinxa which comes out of the Province Iunnan Another River passes more Northward out of the Kingdom of Sifan also call'd Kinxa and sometimes Lekie it passes by the Mountain Luyni into the Province Iunnan thence through the County Iungningfu from West to East by the North part of the City Iungning and through the Lake Lacu where it receives the Stream Loye which comes out of the South and falling last into the Province of Suchuen mixes with that Kinxa which flows out of the Province of Iunnan Southward from the Mountain Ulung Kingxa signifies Gold-Dust so call'd from its plenty of Gold Thus far of the Rivers and Brooks which Water the Empire of China in several places to its great fertility and make it Navigable almost through the whole Empire nay in such manner that several Counties and Provinces divided and surrounded by them lie like Islands separated from one another by the Streams that flow between them There are also many deep-cut Channels besides Lakes Pools and Springs abounding in Fish Standing waters or Channels THe Countrey of China is cut thorow in many places with Moats or Artificial Channels for the conveniency of Navigation from one City to another Among many others one of these Channels call'd Iun deserves no small admiration being with an incredible Charge digg'd from the Province of Nanking through that of Xantung to the Metropolis of Peking by means of which from most places in the Empire all sorts of Goods are brought in Ships to Peking It begins on the Northern Borders of the Province of Nanking in the County Hoaiganfu Northward from the City Socien near the Northern Shore of the Yellow River out of which Ships from all parts of the Empire are brought into it from thence it extends North-West through the second Territory Iencheufu of the Province of Xantung to the City Cining Southward from the Lake Nanyang then through that of Tungchangfu and the Lake Nanyang from whence at last at the end of the County near the City Lincing beyond the Lake Cang it falls into the River Guei But because the Water in this Channel is too shallow in many places for great Ships therefore there are above twenty Sluces or Water-gates in the same in the Chinese Tongue call'd Tungpa very strong and firm of square Stone Every Sluce hath a Gate or opening lock'd with great Planks to keep out the Water being by means of a Wheel and an Engine drawn up with little trouble to give way for the Water and Ships till you come to the second Gate where they do the like and so likewise at all the rest But half way before you come to the City Cining they tap as much Water through a great Water-gate out of the Lake Cang as they need then Locking up the Gates again keep the Water from running out too much and so leaving the Ground bare for the Water in the Lake is higher than the adjacent Countrey so that in a small Tract of Land they reckon above eight Water-gates which resist the force and power of the Water When the Ships are come to the Lake Cang it self they cross not the same but with much more ease pass along a Channel made by the sides of the Lake with brave Banks on each side At every Water-gate are People which Toe the Ships by a Line through the Sluces for a small reward In this manner the Ships go out of the Yellow River to Peking Certainly should the best Builders or Surveyors of Europe come and behold the length of this Channel or thickness and heighth of the Banks on each side and the ornament of the Sluces which are all of hewn Stone they would justly wonder at the wisdom of the Chineses and their Industry in undergoing that labor which scarce any other People would be able to perform In the Province of Peking in the County of Pekingfu near the City Cho there is also a very long Channel call'd Tocang another in the eighth County Xaohingfu in the Province of Chekiang describ'd before besides many more which would be too tedious to mention Lakes and Pools IN the County of Pekingfu Westward from the Metropolis lies on the Mountain Iociven a Lake call'd Lis which is ten Furlongs in Circumference On the South side of the Mountain Tienxu Northward from the chief City is a Lake made by the confluence of several Springs wherefore it is call'd Kienlung that is Of nine Springs which number because the Chineses account it Fortunate hath much increas'd their Superstitious Belief concerning the Emperor's Tombs that are there On the South-West side of the City Paoting close by the City Moat is a small but very pleasant Lake call'd Lienhoa that is Lien-Flower whereon the Citizens and Neighboring People make great Feasts and Entertainments in Pleasure-Boats built for that purpose In the County Hokienfu near the City Hie is a very deep Lake nam'd Vo the Water of which at the throwing of a Stone therein becomes of the Colour of Blood If the Leaves of the adjacent Trees chance to fall into it in a short time Swallows flie out of it insomuch that the Leaves seem to turn into Birds as is related of the Scotch Barnacles or Soland Geese In the Territory Sintivyfu Northward of the City Nangsin begins a great Lake call'd Talo and extends as far as the City Kiulo in the County Xuntefu Nor far from the little City Hanping is another lesser Lake made by two Springs the one with very hot and the other very cold Water though they lie both close together In the County Tamingfu near the City Niuhoang lies a Lake call'd Luece
eighty Furlongs in compass near the City Taming the Pool Caoki and another bigger call'd Chanfung or Moma both brackish Westward from the Mountain Feukieu is a Lake that proceeded there from the sinking of a City call'd Siun In the County Iungpingfu near the City Changlei lies a Lake of thirty Furlongs call'd In it is Oval and extends almost to the Sea IN the Territory Pingyangfu at the Foot of the Mountain Xevyang is a Lake of a considerable bigness on which the ancient Emperor Xun as the Chineses write us'd to Fish Near the City Kiang begins the Lake Iu that is Brackish for all the Water thereof is as Salt as that of the Sea and stretches from thence to the Jurisdiction of the City Ganye it is in Circumference a hundred and forty Furlongs In the County Taitungfu Westward from the City Taitung lies the small Lake Kiuncu that is Honest Man because hereabouts liv'd one that would never accept Gold when offer'd it is made by the River He. On the Mountain Yenking near the City So is a deep Lake of a Furlong in Circumference In the Territory Taiyvenfu Westward from the City Che lies the Lake Tien IN the County Siganfu on the South side of the chief City is a considerable large Lake call'd Fan which is made by the uniting of two Rivers another on the North-East side not natural but cut by Command of the Emperor Hiaou serves for a place of Recreation It is moreover adorn'd with a stately Palace to which belong pleasant Woods and Flowry Meadows whereon the Emperor also to Recreate himself caus'd Plays and other Pastimes to be Presented to him The same Emperor also Commanded a Lake to be digg'd on the South-West side of the same City calling it Queming on which he oftentimes caus'd his Soldiers in Vessels to make Sea-Fights thereby to make them experienc'd therein for intending to invade the Southern Provinces which abounded with Ships he instructed them by this Jesting Exercise how to behave themselves in real Engagements On the South side the Emperor made a third Lake and near it a pleasant Court call'd Silen to solace himself in after the end of those pretended Fights He plac'd also in this Lake a great Stone Fish rais'd and fasten'd in the bottom of the Water like a Rock that the Sea men Sailing by the same might learn to shun Rocks and Shelves Against Rainy weather as the Chineses say this Fish makes a hideous noise the force whereof is imagin'd to be much advantag'd by a Neighboring Eccho Moreover the Chineses relate that this Emperor on a certain time Dreamt That this Fish being gotten with a Hook in his Presence crav'd his Aid and that he the next day really taking a Fish in the Lake remember'd his Dream and freed the Fish whereupon throwing his Net in again he found two inestimable Pearls which the Chineses call Mingyven that is Stones of a clear Moon because on the Increase and Decrease of the Moon they grow dimmer or brighter as is generally reported of the Moon-Stones Moreover there are some that affirm that such like Stones are yet in China and being kept in the Emperor's Palace are accounted unvaluable and that when the Emperor took up the foremention'd Pearls he said Certainly this is the Gift of that grateful Fish which I set at liberty WIthin the City Cinan in the County Cinanfu on the West side is the Lake Taiming out of which runs a Channel to the Lake Coyng which is also within the Walls of the said City Out of both which Lakes there run through the whole City convenient Navigable Moats This Lake Taiming also extends towards the Lake Cioxan which is on the North-side without the City Near the City Changkieu is the great Lake call'd Peyun which abounds in Fish and inricheth the adjacent Grounds with excellent Fruit Linko and Lien-Flowers In the County Yencheufu are five Lakes namely Nanuang South from the City Ven Toxan and Fauly near the City Tingtao Leangxan near the City Tungping and Lui which in the Chinese Language signifies Thunder because in the middle thereof is a Stone whose Body resembles that of a Dragon and the Head a Mans and is by the Chineses call'd The Spirit of Thunder they affirming that by striking on its Belly they hear a noise or voice There are likewise in this County many other Lakes but of less note In the County Tengcheufu near the City Laiyang is the Lake Hiyang and in Tungchanfu the Lake Ho. IN the County Kaifungfu lies Westward from the little City Hiu the small Lake Si and another near Iengling two other Lakes call'd Lieu from the abundance of Willows which grow on their Banks lie one near the City Chin and the other by Sincheu On the West side of the City stands the Lake Kiuming made by the Imperial Family Sung for a place wherein to Exercise the Naval Militia and represent Sea-Fights This Lake is exceeding pleasant being built round about with many stately Palaces and Pagods and also Marble Columns Inscrib'd with Verses extolling the Lake There are also other lesser Lakes amongst which is one call'd Tungmuen near the City Chin which is exceeding clear and without any Weeds In the County Queitefu on the South side of the City Queite is the Lake Nan over which lies a Stone-Bridge with many Arches Westward from the City Ciu is the Lake Si and in the same County a very small Lake call'd Chokin about which many Silk-Weavers have their Habitations invited thither by the goodness of the Water from which the Silk receives an excellent Gloss and thereupon the Lake takes its Name The word Chokin signifying A Washing place for Silk Damask Eastward from the City Iuching stands the Lake Menchu In the County Hoakingfu Northward from the City Ciyven is the Lake Tay which is made by the River Ki. In the Territory Iunningfu Westward from the City Iunning is the Lake Si yielding a very pleasant Prospect as being surrounded with many Buildings for the Entertainment and Recreation of the Citizens Westward from the small City Iu lieth a Lake of a hundred Furlongs in the City of Iu to the North stands the Lake Quanching ON the Mountain Tienchi near the City Mien in the County Chingtufu in the Province of Suchien there is a Lake which by Rain is not observ'd to increase nor in dry Seasons to decrease On the South-East side of the City Chingtu is a Pool call'd Yolung which the Emperor Sui caus'd to be made for the exercising his Marriners and Souldiers in Ships of War when he resolv'd to invade King Chin. Vansui is a Lake of four hundred Furlongs digg'd like a Moat round about the City Chingtu but broadest on the North side of the Earth which was digg'd out of the same the Walls of the City were made Southward from the City Cai in the County Queicheufu stands the Lake Cingyven a hundred Furlongs square
Xang united on the North with the Lake Cienli In the Territory Yangcheufu stands the Lake Piexe Northward from the City Kaoyeu where a digg'd Channel runs into it In the County Hoaiganfu on the East side of the City Hoaigan lies the Lake or rather a great Pool call'd Hing full of Canes In the Territory Luchenfu is the great Lake Cao and another less nam'd Pe which joyn near the City Lukiang In the first lies the Mountain Ci that is to say Orphan because it stands alone In the County Taipingfu on the South-East side of the City Taiping begins the Lake Tanyang by the Chineses reckon'd to be three hundred Furlongs large and extends from thence to the City Liexui In the little Territory wherein is the City Cheucheu near the City Civenciao begins the Lake U and reaches to the City Laigan The little County Siucheu boasts of the Lake Ta near which they say a Countrey Maid afterwards Mother to the Emperor Lieupang Conceiv'd by a Spirit and brought forth the chief of the Family of Han. In the County Hancheufu near the City Changhoa on the Mountain Cienking is a Lake of two hundred Paces in bigness famous for its Golden-colour'd Fishes which the Chineses from thence call Kinyu In the Territory Hangcheu Westward from the City of the same Name is the famous Lake Si between which and the Wall is onely a Stone Street of seven Furlongs for a convenient Walking-place The Lake whose Water for its pleasantness is much esteem'd both by Natives and Strangers containeth forty Furlongs in circumference and is surrounded with Hills in manner like a Theatre round about the Hills out of which flow many Brooks and Rivolets distinguish'd by several Channels are Pagodes Palaces Cloysters Colledges Groves Tombs and very delightful Gardens On its Shore are broad Ways Pav'd with Free-Stone and across the Lake lie Bridges of Ships over which they pass from one side to another and in the passage take a view of the whole Lake The Ways are all along shaded with Willow Trees planted direct in a Line and ever now and then Seats or Arbors with Benches for Passengers to rest on insomuch that it is a question which of the two are here most to be admir'd the workmanship of Nature or the artificial Adornments of the Place The Water is clear as Crystal the least Stone being seen in the bottom but near the Shores the Water being low is over-grown with the Flower Lien This Lake hath no way for the Ships to go out or in at for the Water is onely let out in time of great Rains through little Rivolets or through a Sluce which is Northward from the City yet nevertheless there are many Ships built on its Banks which may justly be call'd Golden Palaces for their being so richly Gilded and Painted with various Colours In these Pleasure-Boats they make Feasts Plays and other Entertainments wherein the Chineses have all things that can be invented to recreat the Mind The Vessels thus stor'd with all manner of Necessaries for delight Sail to and again in the Lake without fear or danger of Shipwrack so that it is no wonder why they call this Place and City A delightful Garden or Earthly Paradice In the County Kiucheu near the City Kaihoa lies the little Lake Pehiai so call'd from the white Crabs which it produces for Pehiai signifies a White Crab. In the Territory Ningpofu near the City Tunghoa is a little Pool but very deep call'd Yapoi whose Water as the Chineses say grows exceeding clear when the City hath a pious and good Governor but when a bad one muddy and thick In the County Tingcheufu near the City Vuping lies the Lake Loxui that is Green Water so call'd from its green colour with which this Water is so deeply Dy'd that it makes all things green which are wash'd in the same On the East side of the City Tingcheu is a Pool call'd Cingcao of one Furlong but very deep near which grow Trees whose Leaves are continually green In the County Hoeicheufu Westward from the City Hoeicheu is the Lake Fung ten Furlongs in circumference in the middle of it are two Isles built with Banquetting-houses wherein the Citizens Caress one another This Lake is surrounded with a Stone Wall and a Bridge also which not onely leads from one side to the other but also from one Island to another The Shore is planted with shading Trees and built with Colledges In the County Liencheufu five little Lakes call'd U surround the City King In the Territory Tincheufu lies the Lake Kiao THe Lake So lies in the County Queilingfu in the Province of Kiangsi on the West side of the City Queiling being seventy Furlongs in compass and in it a Hill call'd In makes a little Island In the Territory Gucheufu on the East side of the City Gucheu is a small Lake call'd Go in which King Pegao is reported of old to have fed ten tame Crocodiles feasting them onely with Criminals and Malefactors Within the Wall of the Garrison Cinping is a Lake call'd Ciseng out of which the Inhabitants fetch their Water the hard and stony Ground thereabouts not yielding them any Pits or Wells In the County Tuchufu on the West side of the City Pingcheu is a Lake which bears the same Name with the City In the Territory Iunnanfu on the South side of the chief City Iunnan is the Lake Tien otherwise call'd Quinming which extends Westward and is five hundred Furlongs in circumference It receives increase of Water out of the Puon which descends out of the Mountain Kaoming into this Lake and on the South side makes the River Kinxa which runs Northward In the County Talifu Eastward from the City Tali is a very long Lake call'd Siul which abounds in Fish it begins Southward near the City Tali and ends Northward at the City Leankiang This Lake makes nine Creeks or Inlets and hath three Isles which rise up into Hills besides four others very low and fruitful The Mosale also takes its original out of this Lake which after having run through this whole Countrey falls into the Province of Tungking where augmenting its Stream it makes the Channel which carries Ships of great Burthen to the Court of Tunking In the County Linganfu near the City Xeping lies the Lake Ylung above a hundred and fifty Furlongs in circumference and hath three Isles in the midst of it Another call'd Tungha appears Westward from the City Tunghai eighty Furlongs about its beginning is near the City Hosi In the Territory Chinkiangfu Southward from the City Chinkiang is a great Lake call'd Fusien a hundred thousand Paces over and another lesser nam'd Ming lies near the City Yangcung In the County Iungningfu on the East side of the City Iungning is a great Lake with three Isles of equal bigness each having a rising Mount about two hundred Rods high In the County Kioungfu near the City Koleang at the Foot of the Mountain
Kiechiung is a Lake or Pool call'd Changyen In the Territory Kioungfu near the City Kienchuen lies the Lake Kien which is sixty Furlongs in circumference Out of it flow three Brooks call'd Chuen which represented by these Chinese Characters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifie Water from whence the City hath also receiv'd its denomination In the County Vutingfu on the North-West side of the City Vuting is the Lake Hoeineao which word signifies Breeding Birds because the Leaves of a certain Tree which fall into it turn into a sort of Birds so black that the Inhabitants look upon them as little Devils or Spirits In the County Cintienfu between two Mountains Westward from the City is a great Lake call'd Che otherwise The Sea Cingxui into which certain little Rivolets descend out of the Mountains In the County Iunchangfu on the East side of the City Iungchang is the Lake Chinghoa wholly cover'd with Lien-Flowers On the South side of the City Pexing lies the Lake call'd Chin which broke out from the Ruins of a great City which as they say through the wickedness of the Inhabitants was swallow'd up in the Earth with all the People onely one Child by sitting on a piece of Timber in the Water escap'd that general Destruction It s chiefest Inhabitants were said to be of the House of Chin from whence the Lake hath its denomination It is also call'd The Starry Sea from the Weeds which shap'd like Stars drive upon the Water Springs IN the County Fuencheufu in the Province of Peking near the City Hiaoy are many hot and boyling Springs almost like the sulphurous Waters in Italy If the Chineses observ'd and minded these things sufficiently they might perhaps easily discover the same if not greater Operations in them than are found in any of ours in Europe for having peculiar Tastes and Colours they may probably also have in them no less Vertue and Efficacy in Medicine Near the City Lo in the County Chungpingfu is a very pleasant Spring remarkable onely for the clearness of its Water Another like this in the Territory Kingyangfu is call'd Xingxui In the County Cinanfu in the Province of Xuntung they reckon above seventy two Springs on the South side of the City Cinan amongst which one call'd Kiuti exceeds all the other in excellency of Water In the County Yoncheufu of the same Province near the City Ningyang is the the Spring Tao of which because the word signifies Robber the famous Philosopher Confut though he was exceeding thirsty refus'd to drink so much he abhorr'd the very Name of Vice In the Territory Tencheufu in the same Province near the City Chaoyiven is a Spring call'd Hanuen a Monster of Nature out of which at the same time flows Water both cold and hot wherefore it hath that Name for Hanuen signifies Cold and Hot. THere is a delightful Spring nam'd Ping in the Province of Honan at the South side of the City of the same Name near which stands an Ascent of Stone for those that please to stand upon and behold the Fountain In the Territory Nanyangfu in the Province before-mention'd near the City Nuihan is a Spring whose Water is highly esteem'd of by the Chineses who believe it to have an Operation effectual to the prolongation of humane Life On the South-West side of the City Iu is a Fountain which for the hotness of its Water is call'd Ven that is to say Hot. In the Territory Chintufu in the Province of Suchuen near the City Nuikiang is a Spring whose Water is observ'd to ebb and flow at the same time with the Sea though very remote from thence On the West side of the City Xunking rises a Spring call'd Tieyu that is to say Milky from the sweetness of its Water NEar the City Kixui in the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang is the Spring Loyu whose Water is particularly famous for making of good Tee On the Mountain Kingmuen appears the Fountain Sinlo whose Water is esteem'd of great Vertue WEstward from the City Nankang in the Province of Kiangsi is the Spring Lien whose Water in its fall glitters like Cloth of Silver producing thirty Rivolets In the County Vucheufu in the same Province near the City Kinki is another pleasant Fountain and another call'd Puensin within the Walls of the City Xuicheu IN the County Sinkiangfu in the Province of Nanking within the City Xanghiu is a Fountain of pure Water call'd Iung in the midst of a Temple Out of the Mountain Kin lying in the River Kiang in the County Chinkiangfu issues a Fountain call'd Chungleang IN the Territory Choaking in the Province of Quantung near the City Singing on the Mountain Tienlu is a Spring or Pool from which upon the throwing of a Stone into the same a noise is heard like Thunder soon after which the Skie overcasting poureth down Rain wherefore it is call'd The Dragons Pool THe County Pinglofu in the Province of Quangsi hath two Springs one Northward from the City Pinglo call'd Caning and the other near the City Xo call'd Yoxan On the South-East side of the City Queiyang a Fountain of very sweet and clear Water falls into a Pool which is never perceived either to increase or decrease how much Water soever is drawn out of or let into it Near the City Pingtin in the County Tungginfu is a strange Spring call'd Cankeng out of which through one onely Mouth flows two several sorts of Water the one clear and bright and the other thick and muddy which after having forsaken their Spring go each a contrary way as if at enmity one against another On the East side of the City Chinning is a Fountain of exceeding cold Water notwithstanding the adjacent Earth is heated by a Fire which continually burns under Ground Near the Garrison Picie is a Fountain of very pleasant Water call'd Tro. NOrthward from the chief City Iunnan on the Mountain Xang is a cold Spring counted good to strengthen the Joynts or Limbs On the South-East side of the City Cioking in the County Ciokingfu rises a Fountain of warm Water which cures by Bath those that are troubled with Swellings proceeding from redundant Humors There is yet another Spring in this County call'd Hiangxui that is to say Sweet-smelling Water because of its fragrancy especially in Lent at which time the Inhabitants make Offerings to this Fountain and drink the Water mix'd with their Liquor made of Rice Mountains Hills and Valleys THe Empire of China is in many places flank'd with rows of Mountains to a vast length not far from which are situate some or other of their chief Cities The Chineses hold all great Mountains in such high veneration that there is nothing which they adore with a more superstitious zeal and as our Astrologers make their Prognostications from the observation of the Course of the Heavens so they from the Mountains first from their situation and shape then from the
out of which they dig Iron In the County Yencheufu near the City Kioheu is the Mountain Fang famous for the Tombs of the Ancient Philosopher Kungfuti's Parents Hing is a Hill near the City Nungyang so call'd from the abundance of Armenian Plums which grow on the same By the City Cou is the Mountain Chaugping on which some say Kungni was Born in a City of the same name whereof the Ruins are yet to be seen By the City Ie is the Mountain Ie Crown'd with divers Villages Near the City Tunping a Mountain nam'd Fung is so interlac'd with Woods and Fields that it makes a most delightful Landskip The Chineses compare it to Damask Silk In the County Tungchangfu not far from the City Kaotang lies a Mountain call'd Minxe which signifies A Sounding Stone for that on the top of this Mountain stands a very high Pillar which on the least touch with the Finger makes a noise like a Drum In the County Chingcheufu near the City Chusing lies a great Mountain call'd Langsie which extends East from thence to the Sea On it are many Villages built the first when the Emperor Xi Encamp'd thereabout with thirty thousand Men. By the City Yxui is the Mountain Tapien having a flat top of ninety Furlongs In the Territory Tencheufu Northward from the chief City Tengcheu lies the Mountain Tengheng noted for the Defeat which Hansiu gave to King Si. By the City Foxan is the Mountain Chifeu which with a Promontory runs into the Sea There is also another Mountain call'd Cheuy from whence a round Stone runs into the Sea which by the Chineses is call'd Cheu that signifies Pearls In the County Laicheufu lies the Mountain Hoang so call'd from a certain Virgin who had here a Temple Consecrated to Her On the Shore near the City Siene is the Mountain Lao. WIthin the Walls of the City Kaifung is a Hill call'd Y full of Gardens and stately Palaces Near the City Siangching is the Mountain Xeu being in great Veneration among the Chineses for its Fortunate shape and position and is the first mention'd in the Books of Tiungxu which Treats of that kind of Divination which they deduce from the observation of the Mountains By the City Siuching is the Mountain Kicu in which is a stately Grotto made by the Emperor Hoangti for his Summers Recess North-West from the City Cu is the Mountain Cu on which King Si having hid much Treasure afterwards put to Death all those that were privy to the burying thereof that so he might keep it secret Nevertheless his Son though then very young taking notice of the Action when he came to the Crown caus'd all the Gold to be taken up In the County Gueichoeifu near the City Ki lies the Mountain Cinivien out of which runs a Brook whose Water both washes and shaves at once that is when apply'd makes bare all Hairy parts of the Body In the Territory Hoaikingfu Northward from the chief City Hoaiking is the Mountain Tai which in former Ages Vomiting Fire rent asunder making a Gap of thirty Rods from whence flows now a slimy unctious Water serving for many uses in stead of Oil and being not unpleasing to the Taste Towards the South-West is a double Mountain call'd Iquan between which as through a Gate the River In hath its Course About the City Hiang towards the South lies the Mountain King out of which the Emperor Hoangti is Recorded to have all the Copper which he us'd both for his Weapons of War and his Houshold Utensils In the County Nanyangfu on the North side of the chief City Nanyang is the Mountain Yu on which thirty six Pearls are constantly found never either more or less About the City Niuhang towards the North-East begins the Mountain Taipe and extends South-East to the City Chechuen There lies also the Mountain Tienchi and upon it a Lake whose Water is held for a great Cordial In the County Iunningfu is the Mountain Tienchung which they call The Center of the World By the City Simang is a very high and pleasant Mountain whose top if cover'd with a Cloud the Chineses immediately after expect Rain like the Table-Mountain at the Cape of Good Hope and the Wrekin in Shropshire The other Mountains of this Province are in the County of Changtifu by Tangin the Hill Simeu out of which runs the River Tang West of the City Lin the steep Mountain Yang In the Territory Hoaikinfu North of the City Liyven the Wooddy Mountain Voangae In the County Hananfu near the City Hanan the great Mountain Pemang In the County Nanyangfu South of the City Quanxan the Mountain Huy In the County of In near the City Luxa a Mountain of the same name IN the Province of Suchuen Westward from the City Quan begins the Mountain Cinching spreading above a thousand Furlongs and hath the fifth place of Esteem among the Chineses who hold that those which they call Xensiens or Immortal People meet often there By the City Gan towards the East lies the Mountain Lunggan Crown'd with pleasant Woods and Fountains There are also the Ruins of a Palace built by the Kings of Cho. Near the City Chungking is the Mountain call'd Toyung swarming with Apes and Monkies Not far from the City Xefang towards the North is a Mountain call'd Tafung whose Head pierces the Clouds and sends forth from the top a River which running down very steep makes a great noise in the fall from the top of this being reckon'd sixty Furlongs Perpendicular you may take a Prospect over all the other Mountains and see the City Chingtu it extends from the utmost Western Borders of the Province of Suchuen to Prester Iohn's Countrey or Sifan and in a continu'd Ridge reaches to the City Guei Out of these Mountains the great River Kiang takes its first Original By the City Cangki towards the North is the Mountain Iuntai which for its heighth is call'd The Throne of Clouds Near the City Pa lies to the North-East the Mountain Iu out of which though craggy and difficult to ascend Precious Stones are digg'd Not far from thence towards the West lies the Mountain Pingleang on whose top is a delightful Plain surrounded with other higher Mountains of the County By the City Sike lies the great Mountain Nannim which rises aloft with twelve high Spiring Heads upon nine whereof are Salt-pits In the County Chungkingfu Northward from the chief City Chungking on the Shore of the River Feu is a Mountain which for its shape is much Idoliz'd by the Chineses by reason it represents at least they imagine so the Idol call'd Fe who is Figur'd sitting with his Legs a cross and his Hands on his Bosom a cross This Mountain-Image which whether Natural or made by Art the Chineses themselves have not under Record may be judg'd by his Eyes Nose Mouth and Ears which are seen at half a Mile distance A more particular Description is given by Athanasius
the City Pingkiang lies the Mountain Tiengo five hundred Furlongs in circumference and is in the Book of Tausu accounted the twenty fifth amongst the famousest Mountains and is likewise famous amongst the Chinese Physicians for the producing of many Physical Herbs By the City Gaukiang towards the South is the Mountain Hoang that is Yellow for the Earth and Stones about it are of a yellow colour wherefore it is call'd also Kinhoa that is Golden Flower In the County Changxafu Westward from the City Changxa lies the Mountain Iamo so call'd from the Muscovy Glass which is digg'd out of it in great abundance Westward from the City Ninghiang towards the South-West lies the biggest Mountain Taihiu which rises with three Spires the middlemost whereof hath on the top of it a great and fathomless Lake There is likewise the Mountain Xepi and upon it a Lake of forty Furlongs call'd Pexa out of which flow four Rivolets the one nam'd Lieu the rest glide towards the Stream Iuping At the same place is the Mountain Tungyang the third in order amongst the famous Mountains describ'd in the Book of Tausu By the City Xeu lies the Mountain Sucung which hath a Spring of hot Water and thirty six rising Piques besides many other large Mountains In the County Paokingfu East from the chief City Paoking the Mountain Lung riseth with four Spires which are of such an equal heighth that they seem every where to be one intire Head in the middle of them is a Lake out of which run two Rivolets the one nam'd Lien which glides to the City Siangkiang and the other the Chao In the Jurisdiction of the City Vuchang Easterly lies the Mountain Changmo which extending a great way and having very inaccessible Ways is inhabited by wild People which are not under the Dominion of the Chineses but live safe and secure amongst themselves In the County Hengcheufu Westward from the chif City Hengcheu appears the Mountain Taceu where according to the Chinese Writers Silver Mines have been open'd in former Ages By the City Hengcan begins the Mountain Heng which extends eighty Furlongs with seventy two Spiry Hillocks ten great Valleys thirty eight Springs and twenty five Brooks By the City Queiyang is the Mountain Xejen sometime call'd The Stone-Swallow because after Rain Stones are found upon it exactly resembling Swallows which Physicians by their several colours distinguish into Males and Females and use them in Physick The Mountain Hoayn pleasant to the Eye and for its fair Prospect call'd The Flower rises up in the Jurisdiction of the Cities Linuu and Lanxan By the City Taoyven towards the West lies the Mountain Lolo the forty seond in order in the Book of Tausu On the North-West side of the City Changte over a great Valley call'd Lungmuen a Bridge leads from one Hill to another under which is a Rivulet In the County Xincheufu North-West from the City Xincheu is the Mountain Tayeu the twenty sixth in order in the Books of Tansu There is also the Mountain Siaoye whereon a thousand Books were found which they say were hid there in the time when the Emperor Xi commanded all the Books in China to be burnt By the City Kiuyang is the Mountain Locung on which they say breeds a Bird that never Sings but before Rain upon it is a Lake which takes up the compass of about a thousand Acres In the County Iungcheufu Westward from the City Iungcheu is the Mountain Kiungyo observable for the abundance of brave Cypress Trees which grow on it In the Territory Chingtien near the City Kingmuen is a Mountain of the same Name which formerly serv'd for a Wall and Boundary between the Northern Provinces and the Kingdom of Cu. By the City Tangyung lies the Mountain Cucai the thirtieth in order in the Book of Tansu upon it are Trees and Stones of a red colour and a Rivulet of sweet-smelling Water In the County Chingyangfu North-West from the City Chingyang is the Mountain Tiensin which hath a plain of a hundred Furlongs on its top which is surrounded with other rising Hillocks in stead of Walls The Physicians highly esteem this Mountain for the abundance of soveraign Herbs which they have from it By the City Chinxan is the Mountain Canglo on which they say a Countrey-man for several years gathering Chesnuts against an approaching Famine which he foresaw thereby preserv'd himself and his Neighbors from perishing with Hunger Not far from thence is the Mountain Nuiqua so call'd from a Woman so Nam'd whom the Chineses adore as a Goddess for some great and publick Action done by her in her Life-time Southward from the City Tungtao begins the Mountain Fecu and serves for a Boundary between the Province of Huquang and that of Queicheu To these may be added in the Territory Hangcheufu North of the City Hoangcheu the Mountain Pui North of the City Machin the wooddy Mountain Molin near the City Ling the large spreading Mountain Vanyang in the Territory Changtefu West of the City Changte the Mountain Lo by the City Tang the high Mountain Suvang in the County Chincheufu South of the City Chincheu the Mountain Hoanycung by the City Iunghing the high and steep Mountain Pipa North of the City Songing the high and cold Mountain Kelyng South of the City Nanquei the fruitful and pleasant high Mountain Tuting and some others EAstward by the City Funghing lies the Mountain Xifung the thirty ninth in the Books of Tansu In the County Iaocheufu Eastward from the City Iaocheu is the Mountain Macie the fifty second in the Book of Tansu By the City Yukan lies the Mountain Xehung that is Stone Rain-bowe because the Water falling from the same represents a Rain-bowe In the County Quangsinfu Northward from the City Quangsin the wooddy Mountain Ling the thirty second in order in the Book of Tausu produces great variety of Flowers and Herbs and also excellent Crystal By the City Yeyang the Mountain Paofung hath on its Summitie a Stone-House built which pierceth into the Clouds Southward from the City Queili the Siang a high and broad Mountain distinguish'd by the many Meadows Woods and Villages which are upon it affords a delightful Prospect Westward lies the Mountain Lunghu the thirty second in order in the Book of Tausu it rises with two Spiry Tops which because they seem to oppress one another the uppermost of them is call'd Lung that is Dragon and the unmost Hu that is Tyger In the County Nankanfu North-West from the City Nankan the Mountain Quangliu the ninth in order in the Book of Tausu spreads it self five hundred Furlongs and is inhabited by many Orders of Religious Persons in their Way By the City Tuchang lies the Mountain Iuenxin the fifty second in order amongst the famous Mountains describ'd in the Books of Tausu and more Northerly the Hill Xepie Northward from the City Tegan is the Mountain Quenlun on which is a Stone of that bigness that a hundred Men may
Drum all of one piece yet every Representation of a particular colour but by whom erected is not known In the County Vutingfu on the East side of the City Vuting is the large Mountain Umong rising with twelve Spiry Heads About the City Lokiven Northward lies the Mountain Hinkieu which is barren and craggy yet plain on the top and ascended onely by a long and narrow Path just broad enough for one Man so that it affords a safe refuge for the Inhabitants in the time of War By the City Hokio lies the Mountain Sokien which is commonly call'd The continual Spring because it feels none of the alterations which usually attend the several Seasons of the year On its West side is a great Cavern like a deep Pit in which stand two Images one of a Man the other of some kind of Beast The Chineses write That if any one chancing to come near these Images speaks aloud there follows immediately Thunder and tempestuous Weather In the County Cintienfu on the North side of the City Cintien is the Mountain Iuecu fifty Furlongs in circumference and on the North-West side the Mountain Into the Air whereof is so very pure and wholsom that those who inhabit there live very long and free from all Diseases nor are ever troubled with that excessive Heat with which in the Dog-days other places are infested By the City Kiucin is the Mountain Kiusna so call'd from the divers-colour'd Stones thereon being in the form of a Horse In the Territory Likiangfu on the North-West side of the City Likiang which looks towards the Kingdom of Tibet lies the Mountain Sieu so call'd from the Snow which never melting is always found upon it In the County Iuenkiangfu on the North-East side of the City Iuenkiang is the pleasant Mountain Lecekia signifying Fair Tower On the East side the great Mountain Iotai with twenty five Spiry Tops In the County Iunchangfu on the East side of the City Iungchiang is the Mountain Gailo or Ganlo upon which is a deep Pond from which the Husbandmen take Observations whether the approaching Year will be fruitful or not by taking notice in the Spring-time whether its Water falls or rises There is also a Stone which representing a Mans Nose sends forth out of the Nostrils two Fountains one with cold and the other with warm Water Near the City Laye lies the Kaoli a great and high Mountain By the City Iunping lies the Mountain Ponan very troublesom and dangerous to ascend Near Xintien is the Mountain Mocang one of whose Tops seems to kiss the Skies The Mountain Funko which lies Westward from the City Ienping hath a Fort of the same Denomination These are the most remarkable Mountains of this Province besides which there are North of the City Caoming the high Mountain Sieucao By the City Synning the Golden Mountain Kiuma South of Queniang the Pecio North of the same City the Mountains Yleang and Kocing South of the City Lyngan the high Mountain Puonchang North of the chief City of the County Kingtungfu the high and far stretching Mountain Munglo And not far from thence the Garrison'd Mountain Pingtai North of Quangsi in the County Quangsifu the Mountain Fiaco Within the Walls of the same City the Mountain Chungfien About the City Mile the Mountain Siaolung By the City Cheneye the Woody Mountain Xingan By the City Loleang the Mountain Xemuon through which runs a Road ten Furlongs broad By the City Yeco the Mountain Yceng Near the City Malnug the high topt Mountain Quenfo West of the chief City in the County Yaoganfu the Mountain Kienlien On the East of the same City the Mountain Tung o'respread with pleasant Groves On the North of the Mountain Lolo and by the City Zayao the Mountain Luki South of the City Pexing the high Mountain Rieulung On the East side the Mountain Tung on the West the Utung On the North-West side of the City Sinhon the Mountain Talung On the North side the Checung on which is a warm Spring By the Garrison Chelo the Mountain Munglo By the Garrison Taheu the steep Mountain Olun By the Garrison'd City Mangxi the high Stony and Cavernous Mountain Singxe By the Garrison Mengyang the high Mountain Queikive so full of Holes that it is said to have been Undermin'd by Evil Spirits As to what concerns the Temperature of the Air and Quality of the Soil in the several Countries of China in particular having heretofore spoken of it in general we find in the Chinese Books of Geography this account given The Temperature of the Air and Quality of the Soil IN the first little County wherein stands the City Chin in the Province of Xensi the Air in regard of the Countrey lies very high and is much colder than in other places but in most parts of the Province of Xensi the Air is pleasant and temperate It Rains very seldom in the Province of Xantung In divers places of rhe Province of Honan the Air is very Temperate and consequently Healthful as likewise in the County Houiking The Air of the Province of Fokien is generally hot but clear and Healthful except in the County Tincheufu The Southern part of the Province of Quangsi is under a warm Climate The Air of the Province of Iunnan is much hotter than that of the other Provinces as being nearer to the Line and for the most part agreeing with that of India The Soil of the Province of Peking is in most places Barren and Sandy though Champain but in the second County Paotingfu very pleasant and Fruitful of all things and so likewise in the seventh Territory Tamingfu In the eighth County of this Province grows the Root Gingten In the Jurisdiction of the City Yenking the first of the three Cities without the bounds of the Province of Peking are store of Vines yet the Inhabitants know not how or rather which is most probable will not make Wine of Grapes but content themselves with Liquors made of Rice which are exceeding good and so well approv'd of by the Jesuits who went thither from Europe that they us'd no Liquor else except at Mass. The Province of Xansi produces Vineyards and Grapes much sweeter than in other parts in China so that the Chineses if they would might make excellent Wine in great abundance but in stead thereof they have a way of drying their Grapes like Raisins which when so order'd are Vended in all parts of China The Fathers which Promulgated the Gospel in this Province took a convenient course to Press their Wine themselves which they use at Mass and furnish'd others of their Fraternity in the Neighboring Provinces therewith whereas formerly with great trouble and charge they sent for their Wine from the City Makao The second County Pingyangfu of the Province of Xansi is partly Champain and partly Mountainous but of the Champain which is very Fruitful not an Acre lies Untill'd The fourth County Luganfu of the same Province is very Pleasant and
is call'd Munghao that is Flower of Sleep The County Nanchangfu the first of the Province of Kiangfi having every where a fruitful and fat Soil is Till'd in most places In like manner the second Territory Iaocheufu is made very pregnant by several Rivers that run through it The Chineses also esteem the fourth County Nankangfu for its affording them all kind of Necessaries the low Grounds yielding plenty of Rice Corn and Shell-Fruit the Mountains store of Wood for Fuel The sixth County Kienchangfu is though Mountainous a Pleasant and Fertile Countrey as likewise the seventh Vuchenfu through which run many Rivers it yields store of Gold-colour'd Apples nor is it wanting in all sorts of Fruit and other Provisions No less Pleasant and Fruitful is the eighth County Lingkiangfu esteem'd by the Chineses as also the ninth Kieganfu though Hilly and Mountainous But above all the tenth Territory Xuicheufu abounds in Rice-Fields as appears by its paying three thousand Bags of Rice for Custom Yearly when as it contains onely three Cities of which the chief at this day call'd Xuicheu was in the time of the Family Tang nam'd Micheu that is City of Rice Not much short of this in plenty is the eleventh County Iuencheufu The fourth County Sunkiangfu of the Province of Kiangnan though small is not to be left out of the Fruitful Countries The fifth Changcheufu being a plain Countrey and Water'd by several Rivers exceeds many other Territories in the goodness of its Soil producing an excellent kind of Grain The seventh Yancheufu hath also a delightful and fertile Soyl. The ninth County Lucheufu being water'd by the Lake Cao possesses in most parts thereof very luxuriant Plains In like manner doth the eleventh Taipingfu The Province of Chekiang by reason of the many Brooks Rivers and Lakes which wash the same is a rich Magazine of Plenty And though Chokiang hath many Mountains on its South and West parts yet they are all Till'd except those which are stony and they also afford Timber fit for the building of Ships or Houses In most parts are store of Mulberry Trees which are Prun'd yearly like our Vines thereby the better to provide Food for the Silk-Worms for the Chineses suffer them not to grow too high having by the experience of many years learn'd that the Leaves of the Orange-Trees and those that are most kept down yield the best Silk In the County Hucheufu the third of the Province of Chekiang grows Cha which is call'd Riaicha In the fifth Territory Kinhaofu grows a sort of great Plumbs which being dry'd are sent from thence to most parts of China The whole County of Ningpofu in the Province of Chekiang hath a fertile Soil except where it is full of Rocks and Mountains The eleventh County Vencheufu flourishes all along till you come to the Mountains in the Province of Fokien which extend themselves a vast way The Province of Fokien is for the most part over spread with Mountains which in many places are cover'd with pleasant Woods especially on steep Ascents The Timber is good for the building of Ships Houses and the like That part also which is plain is for the most part Sandy and unfit for Tillage but to supply that defect the Water is led thither in little Channels whereby those places that are barren by Nature are rendred productive by the Art and Industry of Man The sixth County Tingcheufu hath abundance of all things requisite for the subsistance of Mankind notwithstanding it is very Mountainous The seventh Territory Hinghoafu in the Province of Fokien is the fertilest and pleasantest in the whole Countrey and especially abounding in Rice as appears by its paying seventy two thousand Bags of Tribute whereas it onely contains two Cities The little Territory of the City Foning hath also plenty of Provision notwithstanding it is every where full of Mountains The Province of Quantung is a rich Store-house of Plenty The Fields are so bountiful in the production of Rice and Wheat that they are Sown twice a year each Harvest yielding the Husband-man a most plentiful Crop by reason the whole Province feels neither Frost nor Snow insomuch that the Chineses have a Proverb concerning it viz. That in the Province of Quantung are three unusual things The Skie without Snow The Trees always green and The Inhabitants continually spitting Blood that is to say a red-colour'd Spittle occasion'd by the continual chewing the Leaves of Betel with Faufel or Araka a Composition made of burnt Oyster-shells In the same Province also are every where many excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Grapes Pears Chesnuts Indian Figs Indian Nuts Anana's Lichin Lunggon Ieucu or Muskmelons Apples and all sorts of Citrons The fifth Territory Iaocheufu in the Province of Quantung hath a fertile Soyl except in some places where it is oppress'd with Rocks The sixth Chaokingfu yields store of sweet Wood and amongst the rest that which the Portuguese name Pao de Rosa that is Rose-Wood The ninth County Luicheufu exceeds in many things all the other Territories in the Province of Quantung In most parts of this Countrey grows a Twig which the Chineses call Teng and the Portuguese Rosa. The Province of Quangsi is not altogether so delightful as that of Quantung yet in some measure is supply'd with Provisions The whole Province is full of Hills except the South part which reaches to the Shore where it is all Till'd and Manur'd The third County Kingyvenfu is a Craggy and Mountainous Countrey yet produces Araka little Indian Nuts and the Fruit Lichias The sixth Territory Cincheufu is a pleasant Place and not so barren as the former The Province of Queicheu is the craggiest and unfertilest Place in all China being nothing but a continu'd and inaccessible Ridge of Mountains In the fourth Territory Chinyvenfu grow a sort of Flowers highly esteem'd by the Chineses Granates and Golden Apples The first County Iunnanfu in the Province of Iunnan is a very pleasant Countrey having plenty of all things and rises in some places in Hills and high Mountains and in others extends a vast way on plain and Champain Grounds It produces Rose-Wood In the second County Talifu in the Province of Iunnan grow European Figs which the Chineses call Vuhoaquo that is Fruit without Flowers because they grow without ever having any Blossoms for Vu signifies Without Hoa Flower and Quo A Blossom There likewise grows Cha or Tee The third County Langanfu yields Rice Wheat Honey and Wax and also all sorts of Fruits which grow in India It is partly Champain and partly Mountainous The fourth Territory Cuihungfu is a plain Countrey flourishing with Corn-Fields brave Meadows and Pastures for Cattel The whole County Kingtungfu produces chiefly and therefore in great abundance Rice The Territory Quangnangfu is by the Chineses for its excellent fertility call'd The Golden Land In the fifth Territory Iunnanfu where stands the Garrison'd City Cioking are store of Pine-Apples as likewise in the sixth The seventh
bigness and much more in beauty but is in scent rather worse than better We should call this Flower The great Lilie because it differs not much in fashion especially when it opens its Leaves To this Plont belongs also a sort of Fruit like a Ninepin which is above a Span lang and a Hand thick The top or point of this Fruit is fast to the Stalk on which the Flower hung before the Cod stands upright and hath several Partitions fill'd with Fruits bigger than Hazle-Nuts or French Beans each Fruit is without cover'd with a green Rind and within fill'd up with a white Kernel or Pith of a delightful taste whether fresh or dry'd This Fruit is by the Chinese Physicians highly esteem'd and accounted an excellent Food wherefore they are generally given to sick Persons that are upon their recovery The Leaves of this Plant are very big sometimes two Handfuls broad and for the most part round They lie and drive on the Water like those of our Water-Lilies and joyn by long Stalks to the Root The Root which is thicker than a Mans Arm sends forth a very fine Stalk two or three Ells long distinguish'd with Joynts like a Cane The outward Shell is firm and whole but the Flesh is parted and in several divisions The dry'd Leaves are by Grocers and other Tradesmen us'd in stead of Paper to wrap or wind their Wares in The Root also is very excellent and esteem'd a Dainty of great value in the Summer when it is taken to cool and expel Heat so that nothing belongs to this Plant but what is useful In China are whole Lakes a pleasant thing to behold overgrown with Flowers not wild but produc'd by Art by throwing once a year the Seed into the Water Moreover divers Persons of Quality keep great Earthen Vessels fill'd with Slime and Water in their Gardens wherein they Sowe the foremention'd Flowers In the Lake Hung on the East side of the City Hoaigan in the Province of Kiangnan grows a kind of high Reed which by the Inhabitants of the whole County are burnt in stead of Wood very few Trees growing in that Countrey In all parts of the County Kiahingfu in the Province of Chekiang in standing Water grows a Fruit call'd Peci which is no bigger than a Chesnut and hath a Kernel cover'd with a dark-colour'd Skin white within full of Juice and of a pleasing taste harder than an ordinary Apple and somewhat sowerer This Fruit is said to be of such a Nature that the Juice of it softens Copper to that degree that it may be chew'd in the Mouth In the County Kinhoafu in the Province of Chekiang grows a small Tree with one Flower which the Portuguese in India call Mogorin It is very white like a Iessamin Flower yet fuller of Leaves and of a sweeter smell insomuch that a few of them put in any Room perfumes the whole House wherefore it is not undeservedly held in great esteem amongst the Chineses and the Tree thereof preserv'd with great care in the Winter in Earthen Pots In the same County grows also a Tree call'd Kieuyen which produces a kind of fat substance like Tallow of which pure white Candles are made and are not subject to grease the Fingers though often handled like those which are of Tallow The Tree hath pretty big Leaves somewhat like those of our Pear-Tree with white Blossoms like our Cherry-Trees after the Blossom follows a round Cod as big as a Cherry cover'd with a blackish thin Skin which incloses a white Pith appearing through the Skin which cracks when the Cod is grown ripe The Cods thus ripe are pull'd off and boyl'd in Water by which means the Flesh melting becomes perfect Tallow when grown cold again then the remaining Kernel being press'd produces store of Oyl which they use not in Sallets but burn in Lamps In the Winter the Leaves are quite red like Copper which is pleasant to behold for they appear at a distance like Red-woods At last the Leaves falling off afford excellent Feeding by reason of their fatness for Sheep and other Cattel which so Fed grow exceeding fat On the Mountain Loseu by the City Polo in the Province of Quantung grows a very long and thick Cane the Body thereof being ten Handfulls in circumference On the Mountain Chang by the City Lochang in the same Province grows a black Cane of which the Chineses make their Pipes and many other things which seem as if made of Ebony Wood. On the Shore of the River Kinxe near the City Kinhao grows abundance of thick Canes which the Inhabitants beating into thin Shreds Weave and make Clothes of them The Shore of the River Tao in the County Xaocheufu in the Province of Quantung is all Planted with Peach-Trees from whence it hath its Denomination for Tao signifies A Peach In the County Chaokingfu in the same Province grow divers sorts of sweet Wood and amongst others Rose-Wood by the Portuguese call'd Pao de Rosa of which they make Cabinets Stools Tables and the like It is exceeding good Wood of a dark Red with several Veins and looks naturally as if Painted It grows also in the County Iunnanfu in the Province of Iunnan In most parts of the Province of Quantung and on the Island Aynan grows a kind of Plant by the Chineses call'd Teng and by the Portuguese Rota which seems like a Rope naturally twisted together for it runs along the Ground and over the Mountains like a Rope it is full of Prickles and hath long green Leaves and though scarce a Finger thick extends it self a whole Furlong in length and in such abundance over the Mountains that it makes the Way by its twining and twisting together unpassable It is an exceeding tough Plant and cannot be broke wherefore the Chineses make Cables and Tackling for their Ships of it and slitting it into thin Twigs make Baskets Hurdles and the like of them but most of all exceeding fine Mats on which the Chineses from the meanest Person to the Emperor himself sleep or repose themselves they being very cool in the Summer and by the Chineses long Custom of sleeping in that manner are judg'd very easie notwithstanding they are spread on the bare Floor Of the same Plant they make Quilts and Bolsters for their Beds which they fill with divers sorts of Perfumes The whole Isle of Ainan is overgrown with it especially with the white which is the best In most parts of China grows a Flower call'd Quei but no where in such abundance as in the Province of Quangsi especially in the County Quelingfu from whence the chief City Quelin hath its Denomination for Quelin signifies Flowry Green This Flower grows upon a high Tree whose Leaves are not unlike those of the Laurel or Cinamon-Tree It being very small and of a yellow Colour smells very odoriferously When display'd it hangs a considerable time on the Tree without withering when it falls off
add that all the Birds about the latter end of Harvest meet on the same and there bewail the death of their Phenix The Inhabitants observe also that time and climb up the Hill in the Night with Lights to catch Birds and return from thence loaden with their purchase Moreover according to Bontius on the Island Iava breed ordinary Bats in the Woods which are as big as Pigeons which the Iavans eat for a great Dainty They often come into the Houses at Night if the Windows or Doors chance to be left open in the Day and fastning themselves like Leeches to the Feet of those whom they find asleep suck great abundance of Blood from them which more amazes than hurts them when they awake Fishes BEcause of the many Rivers Pools and Lakes the Countrey of China abounds with variety of Fish especially the Province of Xantung which by reason of its Neighborhood to the Sea hath besides the Fish taken in Rivers and Lakes great store which are got in the Sea in such abundance that for the value of a Peny they purchase ten Pound weight of Fish Also there is incredible store of Fish in the Province of Huquang and likewise in that of Kiangsi especially Salmon In the River Kiang about the City Kieukyang though some Leagues from the Sea store of Fish is caught as Cod Dolphins and Salmon In the River Lofeu by the City Xeu in the Province of Huquang are excellent Lamprees in abundance The Yellow River amongst the rest breeds a Fish nam'd Xehon that is Marbled Flower so call'd from the Marble Spots on its Skin It is caught in no other place but near the City Paote in the Province of Xansi and is in great esteem amongst such as take upon them to understand Eating They are taken chiefly in the Province of Fokien near the City Hunghoa The River Tan which glides close by the chief City Nanyang in the Province of Honan hath Fish of a perfect red colour which are onely seen and caught in the beginning of Summer for the remaining time of the year they hide themselves The Chineses ridiculously believe and some have written to that effect If any one besmears his Feet with the Blood of this Fish he may walk on the Water as well as on the Land They add moreover That if the Water be stirr'd at that time it immediately turns red together with all the Fish which at that present appear wherefore it hath the Name of Tan that is Red. The County of Ningpofu in the Province of Chekiang lying near the Sea is well provided with Sea-Fish which they dry in the Sun as Oysters Crabs and Lobsters with which they furnish most parts of China In the beginning of Summer is caught a Fish nam'd Hoang that is to say Yellow because of its yellow colour This Fish is of such a Nature that it will not last one hour good after it is taken out of the Water but it is exceedingly valu'd amongst the Chineses they put it into Vessels with Ice and so bring it to Market for which purpose they preserve Ice in the Winter to keep the fore-mention'd Fish in in the Summer In a Lake of the compass of two hundred Acres lying on the Mountain Cienking in the County Hancheufu in the Province of Chekiang they catch Fish of a Golden colour from which they are call'd Kinyu for Kin signifies Gold and Yu a Fish having a Scale which shines as if sprinkled with Gold They scarce ever exceed a Fingers length yet have Tails split into two or three parts sometimes intire and broad which make them appear fair to the Eye They are by the Chineses kept with great care alive in their Houses or Gardens in neat Vessels made for that purpose The Grandees often with their own Hands catch this Fish which on the other side as if it knew who was its Lord and what pleasure it did him comes as it were on purpose with his Companion and plays just above the Water One of these Fishes if it be perfect and sound costs sometimes three or four Crowns In the watry Valley on the Mountain Haiyang near the City Queiling in the Province of Quangsi are Four-footed and Horn'd Fish In the River Siang in the County Changxafu in the Province of Huquang and in the great River Kiang where it runs through the Province of Nanking are a sort of Fish by the Chineses from the Portuguese corruptly call'd Xanel A great quantity of this Fish pack'd up alive in Ice in peculiar Vessels is sent to the Emperor to Peking every Week two Ships Lading of them as long as the time of Fishing continues and though it be above two hundred Leagues by Water yet in eight or ten days they finish their Journey for Night and Day the Vessels are Toed by a Line and new Toers taken so soon as the old ones begin to be tir'd which at appointed places like our Stages stand ready for by a Letter sent before they acquaint them with the Hour when they shall be there and if any neglect happen herein the Governors forfeit their Lives No Cost nor Charges are spar'd to procure the Emperor this excellent Fish of which he gives some to his Council of State The County Chinkiangfu in the Province of Iunnan hath many Rivers Pools and Lakes abounding with Fish and amongst others one out of which the Physicians draw an excellent Medicine against all kind of Scurf and Scabs In the same County by the City Yangcung in the Lake Ming is a black colour'd Fish nam'd Cing which is said to be good against many Diseases In the County Fungciangfu in the Province of Xensi near the City Pingyang they take a Fish call'd Xe that is Stone which being dry'd and beaten to Powder keeps Moths out of Clothes if strow'd on the same In the Sea before the County Taicheufu in the Province of Chekiang the Chineses catch many Haions or Seals whose Skins they send to Iapan to make Scabbards for Swords and through all parts of China making great profit of them as the said Skin is us'd amongst us for the making Cases for Watches and Handles for Knives Serpents and creeping Animals IN the County Fungchiangfu in the Province of Xensi is a sort of black Serpent of which the Chineses make a Medicine to expel Poyson and cure many Distempers In the County Nanyangfu in the Province of Honan are Serpents whose Skin is generally full of white Spots The Wine in which they have been steep'd is an excellent Remedy against Stiffness of the Joynts or Limbs In the County Hoangcheufu in the Province of Huquang are Serpents which heal the Leprosie and Scabbiness On the Mountain Citien by the City Caihoa in the Province of Chekiang are very great Serpents which have no manner of Poyson In the County Gucheufu in the Province of Quangsi are as the Chineses write Serpents several Rods in length no wonder then if they are
is of the ould Summer Leaves and it is onely the change of Food as the young and old Leaves which makes the difference in the Silk This is perhaps the reason why the Silk which is made in Europe is courser than that made by the Chineses The Prices of the first and second Spinning also differs amongst the Chineses whenas most Silk-Throsters in Europe make no difference therein The best Silk is Spun in March the coursest in Iune yet both in one year The breeding of the Worms is all one and requires as much trouble and care as in some places in Europe therefore it is plainly false and a Romance That all the Silk in China is produc'd by the Silk-Worms on the Trees without care or labour Martinius tells us That the breeding of Silk-Worms and making of Cotton and Silk is an ancient Invention of the Chineses for the Wife of the Emperor Ya who Reign'd Anno 2357. before the Navity of Christ is said to have been the first Inventress and Teacher thereof to her Subjects for though the breeding of Silk-Worms was not unknown to the Chineses at that time yet they were ignorant in the Art of making Clothes of the same as it generally happens in the beginning of all things To the Chineses justly belongs the honour that from them originally the Art of making Silk was translated to other Countreys of Asia and Europe In the Province of Xantung the Silk Threds are Spun on Trees and in the Fields not by tame Silk-Worms but another kind of Worm like a Caterpiller which Spin not their Silk in manner of a Ball or Egg but in long Threds of a white colour which are blown to and again by the Wind on Trees and Houses from whence the Inhabitants fetch them almost after the same manner as our long Spider-Threds in Cobwebs which flye up and down in Summer Of this Silk they also make Silk-Stuffs as well as of that Spun by Silk-Worms and much stronger though somewhat courser Divers Animals in the Greek Tongue call'd 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or Creatures which live in the Water as well as on the Shore are in several places of China In the County Hoeicheufu in the Province of Quantung breeds a Monster of Nature by the Chineses call'd Hoangcioyu that is Yellow-Bird Fish for it is neither Bird nor Fish but both that is to say all the Summer it is a Bird of a Saffron colour and flyes in the Mountains but at the end of Harvest it betakes it self to the Sea and becomes a Fish and being caught in Winter is as the Chineses say very sweet and good Meat In the County Chaocheufu in the same Province are many Crocodiles in the River Zo which oftentimes hurt the neighboring People On the East side of the chief City Gucheu in the Province of Quangsi is a little Lake nam'd Go in which King Pegao in ancient times kept ten Crocodiles to which he threw Malefactors to be devour'd by them those which were guiltless or innocent being as the Chineses say found untouch'd were taken out again and releas'd In the Province of Huquang in the River Siang is a Beast which chiefly resembles a Horse but with Scales on its Body and Claws like a Tyger It is of a cruel Nature and seizes on Man and Beast especially in Harvest for then it often comes out of the Water and runs all over the Countrey In the River Iun in the same County Chaokingfu in the Province of Quantung breeds a Fish by the Chineses call'd The Swimming Cow because it often comes out of the Water and engages with its Horns the tame Cow but if it stays long out of the Water its Horns turn yellow and lose their hardness by which means it is forc'd to return to the Water where it becomes a Fish again and the Horns obtain their former hardness In the County Changtefu in the Province of Honan breeds a Fish in the Rivers by the Chineses nam'd Hagul that is Child because when caught it cries like a Child In shape this Fish differs little from a Crocodile hath a long Tail and goes on four Feet The Fat thereof once set on fire cannot be quench'd either by Water or any other means In China also are many Land and Sea-Tortoises or Turtles call'd Quei especially in the County Chunkingfu in the Province of Suchuen and in the Island Pequei that is Isle of Turtles lying in the River Kiang and the Province of Huquang some of them are very big and others small and handsom which the Inhabitants keep in their Houses some are no bigger than a small Bird. The Chineses relate of a strange accident that happen'd there to a Soldier who being accidentally by his Enemies thrown into the River was by a Tortoise which it is likely he had formerly fed and set at liberty carry'd like an Arion on a Dolphins back to the opposite Shore In the fourth County Hoeicheufu in the Province of Quantung are seen at Sea Turtles of such a vast bigness that afar off they seem to be Rocks some having Shrubs and other Plants growing on their Shells In some Provinces of China and especially in Honan are flying Turtles with green and others with blue Wings on their Feet by the spreading out of which they push themselves forward leaping after the manner of Grashoppers The Feet of these Turtles are for the Rarity thereof in great esteem among the Chineses those that have green Wing'd Feet are call'd Lo Mae Quey Quey signifying A Tortoise Lo Green and Mae Wings In all places near the Sea are plenty of Oysters almost as good as our Colchester-Oysters especially in the County Tencheufu in the Province of Xantung In the eleventh County Vencheufu of the Province of Chikiang are small Oysters of which it is reported that from the Powder of them dry'd and stamp'd and Sown like Seed along the Fields in Marsh Ground there grow Oysters of a very sweet Rellish most of the Sea-bordering places abound also with Crabs and Lobsters Minerals Stones and Earths THrough all China are an innumerable company of Mines which abound in all sorts of Mettal and in particular Gold and Silver in great store though there be an Edict in China not to Dig for them because as the Chineses say Men are generally kill'd in the Mines by the dangerous Damps and Vapours that arise from the Earth But to gather Gold on the Shores of Rivers is free for every Man after which manner they get great store and Gold is rather a Commodity or Merchandize it self amongst the Chineses than a Purchaser of other Commodities In the Province of Iunnan they gather great quantities of Gold out of the cleans'd Sand but if the Mines might be open'd the Chineses could not expect greater abundance of Gold or Silver from any other place from whence there is a Proverb amongst them wherein those that are seen to spend their Estates in Riot and Prodigality are ask'd Whither their Fathers be
forty thousand were chosen to Watch by the Grave during the whole time of the Funeral Ceremonies VI. All the Streets from the Palace to the Grave must be Rail'd in that there may be a free Passage on each side to prevent crowding and likewise at the end of every twenty Paces must stand Baskets with yellow Sand to damp the Dust from rising in those Places through which the Corps was to be carry'd besides Tents and Pavilions for the convenience of those that follow'd the Horse VII The Commanders of the Treasury had Order to provide Money to pay the Mandarins Relations Commanders Soldiers and all those that attended the Funeral VIII That three days before the Burial they should renew their Mourning shewing Reverence and making Offerings as they had done at the beginning All things thus prepar'd the Emperor and the Prince his Son went with all his Officers to the Temple of their Predecessors which is in the Imperial Palace where the Emperor in close Mourning shew'd Reverence to the first raiser of his Family and Offer'd many Silk Coats and Wine to the Deceased Then he caus'd a Book to be read which had been written in the praise of them which being with many other Ceremonies perform'd they return'd to the Palace whilst by the Emperor's Order Coats and other Ornamentals were thrown into the Fire and burnt During the eight days which were yet remaining they Offer'd to the Heavens Earth Planets Mountains and Streams Then Reverence was also shewn by the Emperor's Order to the Spiritual Protectors of the nine Palace Gates through which the Corps was to be carry'd The like also was done to the six Bridges of the River which runs before the Palace Offering at all those Places Beasts Wine and Perfumes The Coffin with the Corps was plac'd on a triumphal Arch richly wrought and hung with Silk interwoven with Gold and in many places Plated with Gold Engraven with Lyons Dragons and the like about it stood a great many Torches and Vessels with Perfumes The fifth day appointed by the Magician to carry out the Corps the Emperor appear'd with his Wives Children and Allies at the Place where the Chariot stood Having cry'd for the Deceased he Offer'd to their God of the Spirits so to conduct her that she might have a happy Journey to the Enjoyments of Peace and Quietness Those that were commanded to attend the Corps in the Name and Place of the Emperor and to make Offerings at the appointed Places were all in a readiness under the first Gate where they no sooner receiv'd the Herse but they began to walk in such a handsom Order State and Silence as was wonderful to behold Getting that day no farther than without the Walls where stopping at the appointed Place they put the Corps under a Pavilion made Offerings on Tables plac'd for that purpose burnt Perfumes and perform'd all other Ceremonies which no sooner done but a Messenger was sent to the Emperor to inform him that they were got thither and had perform'd their Duties The following day they began with those Ceremonies with which they had ended the last Night and then proceeded on their Journey which lasted thirteen days because of the Offerings and stops which they made by the Way to the Mount where the Emperors Tombs are The concourse of People from all Places was so great that they were past number When the whole Train was come thither the Corps was taken off from the Chariot and plac'd upon another stately and triumphal one no less costly than the first Then they offer'd a Steer which they sprinkled with Wine besides Coats and Perfumes to the honor of the Earth with Prayers to the God of the Spirits that he would receive the Corps At the same time nine Mandarins sent from the Emperor observ'd the like Ceremonies and Offer'd to all the Emperor's Predecessors that lay in that Place On the Funeral day being the fifteenth day of the sixth Moon they made several Offerings to conclude their Ceremonies of which and what they had done by the Way they gave an Account to the Emperor who shew'd his bounty to those that had been careful in the observing of them and express'd his Affection to his Mother in shewing Reverence to her after her Death and for her sake released all Prisoners that had committed but small Crimes It was also Order'd that those Provinces which were too highly Tax'd should have an Abatement He took off likewise many Impositions laid upon Imported Goods and distributed with his own Hands many thousands of Ducats wrapp'd up in Paper according to the Custom of the Countrey being all in honor to the Soul of the Deceased With the same Ceremonies a Chinese Emperor's Funeral was solemniz'd When an Emperor lies on his Death-bed and that the Physicians begin to despair of his Recovery the Colaos or chief Relations and the prime Controller of the Palace call'd Suikien come to visit him and to know his will and pleasure from his own Mouth and the Contents of his Testament Then they privately go to the Prince which is Heir to the Crown and consult with him that they may do nothing against his will who is ready to enter on the Throne Being thus inform'd of the one thing and the other they write down the Will and bring it to the Emperor that he may approve and allow of it from thence they go and shew it to the prime Councellor call'd Hanhyuen who ingrosses all the Emperor's Business which being done the Will is Seal'd with the Imperial Seal and kept in the Star-Chamber belonging to the Emperorâ—… Council so long as the Emperor lives after his Decease they shew it to the Court of Judicatory that they may proclaim it in all Places of the Empire and observe it punctually Most of the Inhabitants in the Province of Iunnan by reason of their Neighborhood with the Indians lay the dead Corps on Heaps of Wood and burn it but those that study the Chinese Philosophy observe the Customs of the other Chineses and use Coffins But though they burn their Dead yet they consume not living Persons with them as the Indians do for the Chineses account it barbarous and not to be admitted amongst the Laws of civiliz'd Men. The Inhabitants of the City Sintien in the Province of Queicheu express great sorrow for either Father or Mothers Death by cutting off the Hair of their Heads The Chineses as Martinius witnesseth are no less curious than superstitious in chusing the Ground for their Graves judging that all their Fortune and Happiness depends upon it because of a Being for the Dragon to whom they ascribe their Salvation wherefore they observe the shapes of the Hills on which they intend to make their Graves and Dig up the Ground not sparing either Cost or Charge hoping to find the Head Heart or Tail of a Dragon for they believe that thereby all Happiness and good Fortune will attend the Deceased's Successors Many
at the City Hoaigin receives the River He which makes the Lake Kiuncun and thence proceeding on its Course enters Northward of the Fort Guei into the Province of Peking where enlarged by the Stream Guei which hath its original in the same County Taitingfu out of the Mountains near the City Quangchang it divides the whole Territory Pekingfu and gliding Southward by the City Paogan with a broader Channel passes under a large Stone Bridge and receives the Stream Caoleang which out of the Yellow Kiver through the Great Wall falls into the Province of Peking from thence passing towards the South-East rowls along South-West by the Metropolis Peking where a Stone Bridge with many Arches lies over the same then bending Southerly passes East by the Cities of Fungan and Iungein where after having receiv'd the Rivers Yo and Pe disembogues it self at last in the Bay of Sang. The River Kiuto hath its original in the Province of Xansi out of the Mountain Cinhi from whence it glides Eastward by the Cities Tai and Kicchi and aftewards Southerly receives by the way the Stream Linsui with which to the Northward of the City Henping it enters into the Province of Peking which it almost cuts through the Counties Chintingfu Paotungfu and Pekingfu and at last near the Garrison of Tiencin discharges its Waters being joyn'd with the River Guei into the Sea It receives by the way several Brooks and Rivulets as in the County Chinting near the City Lingxui that of Quei more Eastward the Stream Fi near the City Tuilo the Ta in the County Paoting by the City Poye the Kinguen afterwards the Channel call'd In which out of the Mountain Yekon stretching from the North to the West glides round about within the City and with its winding Arms makes the Island Pehoa and at last the Streams Ye and Fan. The River Ye divides Northward the County Paotingfu beginning Westward in the Mountain Culeang reaches towards the South by the City Ye and receives by the way in the County Xuntienfu the Fan glides Eastward between the Mountain Non and Southward by the City Paoting where it unites its Waters with the River Kiuto The Chokiang hath its beginning in the Province of Xansi out of the Mountain Kieu lying near the City Sin from whence it runs Eastward through the utmost Northern Point of the Province of Honan to the North by the City Xe and passing through the Counties Xuntefu and Quangpingfu enters the Province of Peking from whence it glides through the Lake Talo into the County Chintingfu and at last poures its Waters into the River Guei in the Territory of Hokienfu near the Mountain Si and the City Sing This Stream Chekiang receives several Rivulets by the way The River Guei which rises in the Province of Honan in the County Gueichoeifu on the West side of the City runs along to the North by the same from thence entring the Province of Peking glides to the North-East between the Borders of the Province of Peking and that of Xantung receives near the City Lincing in the Province of Xantung the Water of the Channel Iun and in the County of Hokienfu the River Chaohang and at last with the Kiuto disembogues it self near the Garrison Tieucin into the Bay of Sang. The Water of this River hath a peculiar property at the place where it receives the artificial Channel Iun as the Netherlanders in their Embassies to the Emperor of China have twice observ'd that is Throw nine Sticks of an equal length into the River and six of them after a little lying still will move to the South and three to the North. This River in its Course receives several Rivulets as the Si Chang Ki Ming and Fu The Si takes its beginning in the Mountain Cu Northward of the same City in the County Chungtefu and Province of Honan and passes through the County Quangpingfu Southward to the City Quangping and Eastward to the Guei The Chang which hath its original near the City Lugan in the neighboring Mountain Sin in the Province of Xansi runs from thence through the Province of Honan Northward of the City Changte and accordingly into the Guei and in the way thither by the City Luching receives a small Rivulet which hath its original in the Mountain call'd Lin. The Ming a Stream whose Fountain Head is Northward of the City Quangping takes its Course South-East towards the Guei The Fu which begins in the Province of Honan in the County of Luganfu Northward from the City Liching runs through the Province of Honan into the Guei The River Ki takes original with several Branches in the County Guehoei of the Province of Honan especially in the Mountains Sumei and Choayang from whence one Branch runs by the City Ki and then glides North-East into the Guei The Hoei belongs properly to the Province of Pingyangfu and springs from the Mountain Vanquo near the City Ieching from whence passing Westward glides by the South-side of the Cities Hia Vanciven Lincin and Pu where it falls into the Yellow River and by the way Northward receives the Kiang The Sin which waters the Ce a City in the Province of Xansi almost surrounding the same hath his Fountain in the County of Pingyangfu Northward from the Mountain Mien from whence it passes Southward into the County of Hoaikingfu Eastward from the City Vucheu and joyns with the Yellow River The River Tan which cuts through a part of the little County Ce in the Province of Xansi beings to the Northward from the City Caoping and runs Eastward in the Province of Honan where it unites with the River Ki. Tan signifies Red for the Water thereof is of a bloody colour notwithstanding as the Chineses relate it hath been clear formerly but hath receiv'd that colour from the Blood of a Loyal Governor call'd Pe who was his own Executioner on the Banks of the fore-mention'd River The Streams Iang and Io begin Northward in the Mountains of the County of Ienping and pass through the same to the South but at the City Vunning unite themselves into one Body which Eastward of the Garrison Yu discharges its Waters into the Bay of Cang Through the same County run also two other Rivers viz. the Y and Cie the first begins above the County Pekingfu from the Mountain Petam the other out of the East-Tartary without the Great Wall where it divides it self into two Arms the one call'd Hing and the other Hoang The Rivers Y and Cie make one Channel near the City Lo and disembogue themselves in the Bay of Cang The Guei a pleasant River in the Province of Peking in the Western part of the Province of Xensi in the County Linyaofu near the City Gueiyven and runs from thence winding to the South-East through the Counties of Cungchangfu Fungciangfu and Siganfu to the North by the chief City Sigan where it receives the River King and poures at last its clear Waters