country_n but_o here_o the_o citizen_n in_o prussia_n be_v except_v for_o they_o may_v possess_v land_n of_o what_o extent_n soever_o out_o of_o their_o city_n also_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o cracow_n may_v purchase_v and_o enjoy_v land_n in_o any_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n likewise_o the_o magistrate_n of_o vilna_n have_v a_o power_n to_o possess_v land_n and_o the_o city_n of_o leopol_n in_o like_a manner_n have_v a_o privilege_n for_o its_o private_a citizen_n to_o hold_v land_n privilege_n a_o nobleman_n gentleman_z or_o one_o that_o be_v freeborn_a of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v the_o same_o thing_n every_o gentleman_n have_v his_o coat_n of_o arm_n grant_v he_o by_o the_o republic_n but_o then_o either_o he_o or_o some_o of_o his_o family_n must_v have_v possession_n in_o land_n there_o he_o can_v pretend_v to_o all_o the_o great_a employment_n and_o office_n in_o the_o kingdom_n and_o buy_v land_n where_o he_o please_v all_o over_o the_o dominion_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n he_o have_v moreover_o a_o right_n to_o the_o crown_n if_o his_o credit_n and_o interest_n can_v procure_v it_o every_o gentleman_n be_v a_o sovereign_a lord_n and_o master_n in_o his_o own_o land_n for_o he_o have_v the_o power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n over_o his_o tenant_n or_o as_o the_o pole_n term_v they_o his_o subject_n though_o i_o may_v better_o call_v they_o his_o slave_n for_o they_o have_v neither_o privilege_n nor_o law_n to_o protect_v they_o but_o be_v to_o be_v govern_v absolute_o by_o the_o will_n and_o pleasure_n of_o their_o lord_n they_o dare_v not_o leave_v his_o land_n to_o go_v to_o another_o under_o pain_n of_o death_n unless_o he_o sell_v they_o to_o his_o neighbour_n as_o he_o have_v the_o power_n to_o do_v or_o have_v violate_v or_o ravish_v their_o wife_n or_o daughter_n insomuch_o that_o i_o have_v hear_v that_o some_o have_v wish_v to_o have_v have_v a_o fine_a wife_n or_o daughter_n that_o their_o lord_n may_v thereby_o have_v give_v they_o occasion_n to_o get_v rid_v of_o he_o convict_v if_o a_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o gentleman_n slave_n he_o be_v neither_o to_o be_v try_v nor_o punish_v for_o it_o and_o be_v only_o oblige_v to_o give_v that_o gentleman_n another_o slave_n in_o the_o room_n of_o he_o or_o as_o much_o money_n as_o will_v buy_v one_o and_o beside_o to_o maintain_v the_o family_n of_o the_o person_n that_o he_o have_v kill_v likewise_o if_o he_o kill_v one_o of_o his_o own_o slave_n he_o only_o pay_v a_o matter_n of_o fifty_o livre_n to_o be_v quit_v nay_o if_o one_o gentleman_n kill_v another_o he_o can_v be_v apprehend_v nor_o clap_v into_o prison_n for_o his_o crime_n nisi_fw-la jure_fw-la victus_fw-la unless_o a_o court_n of_o justice_n have_v first_o convict_v he_o which_o common_o give_v he_o time_n enough_o to_o escape_v for_o he_o must_v first_o be_v cite_v to_o appear_v and_o upon_o his_o neglect_n he_o be_v declare_v contumacious_a and_o consequent_o convict_v but_o it_o may_v very_o well_o be_v suppose_v that_o he_o who_o know_v himself_o guilty_a will_v not_o run_v the_o hazard_n of_o appear_v nor_o venture_v the_o lose_n of_o his_o head_n this_o honour_n the_o pole_n likewise_o bestow_v on_o the_o common_a people_n hang_v being_n not_o the_o usual_a way_n of_o execution_n in_o their_o country_n exception_n however_o hartknoch_n have_v these_o exception_n from_o this_o privilege_n for_o say_v he_o if_o a_o nobleman_n be_v take_v in_o the_o very_a act_n of_o ravish_v burn_v of_o house_n theft_n robbery_n or_o the_o like_a he_o may_v be_v apprehend_v by_o the_o law_n likewise_o if_o he_o will_v not_o give_v sufficient_a caution_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o his_o offence_n or_o last_o if_o he_o be_v find_v in_o the_o register_n to_o have_v be_v thrice_o convict_v before_o notwithstanding_o this_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n say_v hauteville_n i_o have_v know_v one_o instance_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o those_o who_o assassinate_v gonczenski_n petty_a general_n of_o lithuania_n be_v seize_v without_o any_o formality_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n to_o elbing_n and_o be_v afterward_o condemn_v to_o be_v behead_v at_o the_o general_a diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1664._o but_o then_o this_o crime_n of_o they_o be_v so_o notorious_a that_o the_o nobility_n may_v well_o have_v wave_v their_o privilege_n for_o these_o villain_n take_v that_o gentleman_n out_o of_o his_o bed_n at_o vilna_n and_o put_v he_o into_o a_o coach_n with_o a_o confessor_n carry_v he_o out_o of_o the_o city_n where_o they_o scarce_o allow_v he_o time_n to_o say_v his_o prayer_n before_o they_o shoot_v he_o dead_a with_o pistol_n consent_n a_o polish_v nobleman_n though_o he_o be_v proscribe_v and_o cite_v and_o find_v guilty_a can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n knowledge_n and_o consent_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o the_o case_n of_o samuel_n zborowski_n who_o though_o he_o have_v be_v proscribe_v and_o condemn_v by_o the_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n of_o the_o army_n zamoiski_n yet_o will_v he_o not_o presume_v to_o behead_v he_o till_o he_o have_v know_v king_n stephen_n pleasure_n therein_o soldier_n the_o polish_v gentry_n also_o have_v another_o privilege_n which_o be_v that_o no_o soldier_n or_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n can_v be_v quarter_v upon_o they_o for_o if_o any_o one_o shall_v presume_v to_o attempt_v such_o a_o thing_n the_o diet_n will_v either_o condemn_v he_o to_o death_n or_o pronounce_v he_o infamous_a whereby_o he_o will_v be_v deprive_v of_o the_o power_n of_o give_v his_o vote_n in_o all_o assembly_n and_o moreover_o be_v render_v incapable_a of_o enjoy_v any_o office_n or_o employment_n in_o the_o state_n and_o this_o be_v as_o be_v degrade_v from_o his_o nobility_n whereupon_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o passage_n that_o happen_v at_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n of_o john_n iii_o and_o which_o do_v not_o a_o little_a contribute_v towards_o his_o be_v choose_v the_o palatin_n of_o smolensko_n son_n go_v and_o quarter_v at_o the_o house_n of_o wiesnowiski_n without_o his_o leave_n as_o be_v report_v by_o order_n of_o the_o grand_a general_n patz_n which_o occasion_v the_o marshal_n who_o be_v judge_n in_o these_o case_n two_o day_n before_o the_o break_n up_o of_o the_o diet_n to_o deprive_v this_o palatin_n of_o his_o vote_n in_o the_o election_n whereby_o sobieski_n be_v free_v from_o a_o declare_a enemy_n and_o the_o austrian_a faction_n lose_v a_o profess_a friend_n gentry_n the_o king_n likewise_o can_v now_o lodge_v in_o any_o nobleman_n house_n against_o his_o will_n as_o he_o can_v before_o the_o year_n 1433._o also_o wherever_o any_o foreigner_n die_v without_o heir_n his_o estate_n escheat_n to_o the_o lord_n of_o those_o land_n where_o he_o die_v and_o not_o to_o the_o king_n and_o where_o any_o polish_v gentleman_n die_v without_o heir_n the_o king_n can_v seize_v upon_o his_o estate_n by_o right_a of_o escheat_n if_o he_o have_v a_o relation_n leave_v of_o the_o eight_o degree_n inclusive_o the_o gentry_n also_o may_v have_v house_n in_o the_o king_n city_n and_o town_n but_o then_o they_o must_v not_o let_v such_o trade_n inhabit_v they_o as_o may_v prove_v obnoxious_a or_o a_o nuisance_n to_o the_o citizen_n and_o likewise_o these_o house_n ought_v to_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o however_o be_v seldom_o or_o never_o observe_v the_o house_n of_o a_o nobleman_n moreover_o be_v a_o kind_a of_o asylum_n for_o though_o delinquent_n may_v be_v arrest_v there_o with_o his_o consent_n yet_o can_v they_o be_v take_v thence_o by_o force_n diet._n not_o less_o be_v a_o nobleman_n privilege_n as_o to_o custom_n and_o tax_n for_o if_o he_o will_v swear_v his_o good_n be_v not_o buy_v but_o arise_v from_o his_o land_n he_o may_v send_v they_o any_o where_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o be_v sell_v without_o pay_v duty_n and_o where_o he_o have_v once_o so_o swear_v his_o testimonial_n alone_o for_o the_o future_a will_v suffice_v to_o exempt_v they_o also_o his_o subject_n will_v have_v the_o same_o privilege_n wherever_o they_o trade_n in_o prussia_n the_o noble_n be_v not_o only_o free_a from_o custom_n but_o likewise_o all_o the_o other_o inhabitant_n by_o the_o magna_fw-la charta_fw-la of_o culm_n but_o although_o the_o polish_v nobility_n be_v thus_o say_v to_o be_v free_a from_o tax_n yet_o upon_o emergent_a occasion_n and_o exigency_n the_o diet_n usual_o oblige_v they_o to_o pay_v they_o for_o a_o certain_a time_n preemption_n the_o nobility_n also_o have_v a_o privilege_n of_o preemption_n of_o salt_n for_o in_o the_o staple_n for_o that_o commodity_n there_o must_v be_v at_o least_o a_o month_n notice_n before_o any_o can_v be_v sell_v to_o any_o body_n else_o notwithstanding_o after_o all_o these_o privilege_n the_o polish_v nobility_n
the_o church_n and_o the_o civil_a magistrate_n be_v oblige_v to_o be_v assist_v to_o they_o in_o the_o execution_n of_o their_o sentence_n as_o often_o as_o they_o shall_v be_v so_o require_v nunciature_n to_o the_o ecclesiastical_a court_n belong_v the_o court_n of_o nunciature_n hold_v by_o the_o pope_n nuncio_n for_o that_o purpose_n always_o reside_v in_o poland_n however_o before_o he_o can_v have_v any_o jurisdiction_n he_o must_v have_v present_v the_o king_n and_o the_o principal_a minister_n of_o state_n with_o the_o apostolic_a brief_n of_o his_o nunciature_n court_n the_o civil_a jurisdiction_n be_v divide_v among_o divers_a sort_n of_o judge_n and_o belong_v to_o the_o commonalty_n as_o well_o as_o gentry_n some_o of_o these_o determine_v cause_n exempt_a from_o appeal_n and_o other_o can_v tribunal_n those_o from_o who_o there_o lie_v no_o appeal_n be_v the_o three_o hightribunal_n institute_v by_o stephen_n batori_n the_o judge_n whereof_o be_v all_o gentry_n two_o of_o these_o tribunal_n be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o one_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n those_o for_o the_o kingdom_n keep_v their_o session_n six_o month_n at_o petricovia_n in_o low_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o six_o at_o lublin_n in_o high_a poland_n that_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n be_v alternative_o one_o year_n at_o vilna_n and_o another_o either_o at_o novogrodec_n or_o minski_n they_o all_o consist_v of_o so_o many_o judge_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o civil_a choose_v out_o of_o every_o palatinate_n the_o former_a once_o in_o four_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a once_o in_o two_o judgement_n be_v pronounce_v here_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n but_o where_o matter_n be_v pure_o ecclesiastical_a there_o ought_v to_o be_v as_o many_o of_o the_o clergy_n as_o the_o laity_n the_o cause_n here_o be_v hear_v in_o order_n for_o three_o day_n be_v allow_v to_o enter_v all_o that_o come_v and_o whatever_o be_v not_o enter_v within_o that_o time_n can_v be_v adjudge_v that_o sit_v a_o man_n that_o have_v a_o trial_n in_o these_o court_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v all_o the_o nation_n for_o his_o judge_n deputy_n both_o ecclesiastical_a and_o temporal_a be_v send_v thither_o for_o that_o purpose_n from_o all_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n green-cloth_n the_o senate_n also_o judge_n of_o civil_a or_o criminal_a matter_n without_o appeal_n as_o do_v likewise_o the_o great_a marshal_n in_o all_o case_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n officer_n and_o the_o great_a chancellor_n in_o matter_n of_o appeal_n to_o the_o court_n which_o they_o have_v only_a cognisance_n of_o but_o the_o marshal_n jurisdiction_n extend_v over_o all_o merchant_n and_o stranger_n both_o who_o find_v but_o little_a justice_n do_v they_o in_o poland_n when_o they_o have_v occasion_n for_o it_o court_v also_o there_o be_v two_o exchequer_n court_v for_o the_o revenue_n one_o hold_v at_o radom_n in_o high_a poland_n and_o the_o other_o at_o vilna_n these_o court_n seldom_o sit_v above_o a_o fortnight_n or_o three_o week_n appeal_n those_o that_o be_v not_o exempt_a from_o appeal_n be_v the_o court_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o commonalty_n in_o every_o palatinate_n which_o be_v by_o no_o mean_n to_o have_v any_o of_o the_o clergy_n for_o judge_n those_o for_o the_o gentry_n be_v either_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n or_o those_o of_o the_o starostas_n and_o be_v more_o or_o few_o in_o number_n according_a to_o the_o extent_n of_o the_o palatinate_n where_o they_o be_v hold_v judge_n the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n have_v one_o judge_n a_o associate_n and_o a_o natory_n or_o head-clerk_n to_o try_v cause_n and_o administer_v all_o civil_a justice_n in_o some_o place_n four_o in_o other_o six_o time_n a_o year_n and_o in_o other_o once_o a_o month._n the_o courseof_o these_o court_n can_v only_o be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o death_n of_o any_o of_o their_o judge_n by_o the_o diet_n or_o by_o the_o general_a meeting_n of_o the_o palatine_n and_o magistrate_n which_o last_o be_v every_o autumn_n to_o hear_v appeal_n from_o inferior_a court_n the_o town_n where_o the_o gentry_n sit_v be_v in_o great_a number_n and_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o none_o who_o have_v land_n or_o good_n within_o each_o jurisdiction_n can_v be_v make_v to_o appear_v at_o a_o court_n where_o they_o have_v none_o court_n the_o immediate_a appeal_n from_o these_o court_n be_v to_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n of_o the_o palatinate_n who_o either_o by_o himself_o or_o his_o deputy_n the_o chamberlain_n of_o that_o district_n restore_v all_o that_o have_v be_v dispossess_v and_o ascertain_v all_o bound_n and_o limit_n of_o land_n this_o be_v as_o it_o be_v his_o whole_a jurisdiction_n but_o where_o there_o be_v any_o contest_v between_o the_o king_n and_o any_o of_o the_o gentry_n in_o this_o kind_a then_o at_o their_o request_n appeal_n commissioner_n be_v appoint_v out_o of_o the_o senate_n to_o inspect_v the_o matter_n dispute_v and_o to_o do_v justice_n therein_o likewise_o where_o the_o difference_n be_v between_o the_o king_n and_o a_o clergyman_n commissioner_n be_v order_v but_o there_o the_o bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n claim_v the_o nomination_n of_o one_o or_o more_o of_o they_o when_o any_o of_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n of_o land-judicature_n die_v the_o king_n can_v name_v other_o till_o the_o district_n to_o which_o they_o belong_v have_v choose_v four_o out_o of_o the_o housekeeper_n but_o then_o he_o may_v pitch_v upon_o one_o for_o each_o election_n this_o office_n be_v once_o obtain_v it_o can_v be_v forfeit_v but_o by_o a_o high_a promotion_n or_o male_a administration_n court_n the_o other_o court_n for_o the_o gentry_n be_v those_o that_o take_v cognizance_n of_o criminal_a case_n whereof_o there_o be_v one_o only_o in_o every_o starostaship_n call_v sudy_a grodskie_n where_o either_o the_o starosta_n himself_o or_o his_o lieutenant-criminal_a administer_v justice_n in_o his_o castle_n or_o some_o other_o public_a place_n at_o least_o every_o six_o week_n he_o likewise_o have_v cognisance_n of_o civil_a cause_n between_o such_o as_o have_v no_o land_n and_o such_o foreigner_n as_o come_v to_o trade_n here_o process_n in_o criminal_a case_n be_v to_o be_v serve_v here_o a_o fortnight_n and_o in_o civil_a a_o week_n before_o the_o court_n sit_v office_n he_o be_v also_o the_o executive_a minister_n of_o all_o sentence_n pronounce_v and_o likewise_o a_o sole_a conservator_n of_o the_o peace_n within_o his_o territory_n he_o be_v oblige_v by_o himself_o or_o his_o officer_n to_o see_v all_o public_a execution_n perform_v the_o court_n of_o the_o commonalty_n be_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n city_n in_o city_n justice_n be_v administer_v by_o the_o scabin_n town-hall_n or_o judg-advocate_n the_o scabin_n have_v cognisance_n of_o all_o capital_a offence_n and_o criminal_a matter_n the_o town-hall_n of_o all_o civil_a case_n to_o which_o likewise_o the_o gentry_n be_v subject_a and_o the_o judg-advocate_n of_o offence_n commit_v by_o soldier_n civil_a matter_n of_o small_a moment_n be_v determine_v sole_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n but_o which_o be_v subject_a to_o appeal_v to_o the_o town-hall_n and_o thence_o to_o the_o king_n village_n in_o village_n the_o commonalty_n be_v subject_a to_o scabin_n be_v the_o king_n officer_n and_o to_o scultet_n or_o peculiar_a lord_n from_o which_o last_o lie_v no_o appeal_n here_o justice_n be_v almost_o arbitrary_a except_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o scultet_n be_v hereditary_a judge_n the_o execution_n of_o all_o sentence_n in_o city_n and_o town_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o its_o own_o magistrate_n though_o in_o some_o case_n they_o be_v force_v to_o beg_v assistance_n from_o the_o starostas_fw-la court_v the_o officer_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o plebeian_n court_n be_v some_o name_v by_o their_o peculiar_a lord_n and_o some_o elect_v by_o their_o fellow_n citizen_n except_o in_o cracow_n only_o where_o the_o palatine_a have_v a_o right_a of_o choose_v the_o magistrate_n though_o he_o have_v not_o the_o same_o power_n to_o dis-place_n they_o after_o they_o be_v once_o choose_v for_o they_o be_v to_o continue_v their_o office_n for_o life_n unless_o they_o forfeit_v it_o by_o infamy_n or_o inability_n out_o of_o the_o xxiv_o compose_v the_o council_n or_o senate_n of_o cracow_n the_o palatine_a every_o year_n depute_v eight_o with_o the_o title_n and_o power_n of_o president_n he_o also_o name_v the_o judge_n and_o scabins_n by_o the_o magdeburg_n law_n though_o these_o in_o other_o city_n be_v choose_v by_o the_o council_n the_o scultet_n or_o hereditary_a judge_n can_v be_v remove_v but_o in_o extraordinary_a case_n profit_n the_o profit_n of_o all_o office_n be_v but_o very_o small_a and_o scarce_o any_o certain_a the_o pole_n esteem_v the_o honour_n of_o enjoy_v they_o sufficient_a recompense_n nevertheless_o they_o have_v all_o salary_n and_o perquisites_n though_o inconsiderable_a jurisdiction_n the_o military_a
have_v one_o very_o great_a grievance_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o pospolite_n ruszanie_n or_o general_n muster_v of_o the_o militia_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n privilege_n how_o the_o polish_v gentry_n come_v by_o all_o these_o privilege_n it_o may_v not_o be_v here_o improper_a to_o inquire_v since_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o former_o they_o be_v not_o much_o better_a than_o slave_n for_o to_o pass_v by_o many_o other_o example_n cromerus_n say_v they_o be_v once_o oblige_v to_o keep_v the_o king_n dog_n the_o first_o glimpse_n of_o their_o liberty_n may_v reasonable_o be_v ascribe_v to_o the_o privilege_n grant_v the_o clergy_n by_o boleslaus_n the_o chaste_a but_o afterward_o when_o poland_n begin_v to_o be_v harass_v by_o civil_a war_n the_o gentry_n obtain_v many_o large_a privilege_n from_o their_o king_n and_o which_o they_o have_v since_o always_o take_v care_n to_o get_v augment_v at_o every_o new_a election_n honour_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n be_v equal_a by_o birth_n notwithstanding_o some_o of_o the_o mean_a sort_v send_v their_o child_n to_o serve_v the_o great_a man_n as_o other_o servant_n and_o this_o principal_o to_o learn_v breed_n and_o to_o be_v keep_v in_o awe_n yet_o may_v that_o very_a same_o servant_n have_v as_o good_a a_o vote_n in_o the_o diet_n as_o his_o master_n they_o neither_o value_n nor_o care_n for_o title_n of_o honour_n for_o they_o think_v the_o great_a they_o can_v have_v be_v to_o be_v a_o noble_a pole_n or_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n neither_o the_o king_n nor_o republic_n give_v any_o title_n of_o prince_n duke_z marquess_z count_z viscount_n baron_n or_o knight_n to_o any_o of_o the_o freeborn_a of_o the_o nation_n think_v i_o suppose_v that_o none_o can_v be_v any_o way_n raise_v above_o another_o by_o a_o bare_a exterior_a denomination_n which_o argue_v more_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o prince_n than_o merit_n of_o the_o person_n prefer_v but_o rather_o by_o their_o service_n in_o the_o office_n and_o employment_n which_o they_o enjoy_v despise_v there_o be_v no_o prince_n of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o those_o which_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n for_o although_o some_o of_o the_o pole_n have_v be_v make_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o prince_n lubomirski_n etc._n etc._n yet_o it_o give_v they_o no_o precedence_n in_o poland_n but_o rather_o render_v they_o odious_a and_o despise_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n who_o can_v endure_v that_o any_o shall_v pretend_v to_o any_o superiority_n among_o they_o especial_o by_o a_o title_n which_o be_v not_o annex_v to_o some_o employment_n in_o the_o nation_n undervalue_v king_n sigismond_n iii_o thought_n of_o establish_v a_o order_n of_o knighthood_n of_o the_o immaculate_a conception_n in_o poland_n and_o have_v effectual_o create_v several_a knight_n thereof_o allow_v they_o certain_a privilege_n and_o a_o superiority_n above_o other_o but_o these_o be_v so_o despise_v and_o undervalue_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o gentry_n that_o scarce_o any_o one_o afterward_o care_v for_o that_o upstart_a honour_n whereupon_o that_o order_n soon_o dwindle_v into_o nothing_o the_o pole_n have_v a_o proverb_n to_o prove_v their_o equality_n which_o be_v that_o they_o be_v measure_v like_o a_o bushel_n of_o corn_n that_o be_v whenever_o any_o one_o pretend_v to_o rise_v but_o a_o grain_n above_o the_o level_n he_o be_v immediate_o strike_v off_o and_o ridicule_v poland_n there_o be_v some_o gentleman_n in_o poland_n that_o have_v have_v dutchy_n time_n out_o of_o mind_n annex_v to_o their_o estate_n as_o duke_n radzivil_n in_o lithuania_n etc._n etc._n but_o there_o be_v no_o dutchy_n or_o county_n create_v by_o the_o king_n travel_v though_o the_o pole_n in_o their_o own_o country_n have_v no_o honorary_a title_n above_o a_o gentleman_n yet_o several_a have_v be_v know_v to_o have_v usurp_v they_o when_o they_o have_v travel_v into_o france_n italy_n and_o germany_n for_o they_o there_o frequent_o assume_v those_o of_o count_n to_o themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o german_n in_o foreign_a country_n do_v those_o of_o baron_n for_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o monsieur_n le_fw-fr conte_n malakowski_n il_fw-fr signior_n conde_n potoski_n mynheer_n graff_n jablonowski_n etc._n etc._n and_o this_o they_o do_v to_o be_v the_o more_o easy_o admit_v into_o company_n especial_o in_o germany_n where_o it_o be_v scarce_o think_v that_o any_o body_n can_v be_v a_o gentleman_n under_o a_o baron_n and_o consequent_o not_o fit_a for_o conversation_n dr._n connor_n likewise_o say_v he_o have_v know_v some_o of_o our_o english_a gentry_n in_o these_o country_n that_o have_v not_o scrupule_v to_o call_v themselves_o lord_n to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n since_o they_o see_v that_o the_o title_n of_o gentleman_n alone_o be_v not_o regard_v there_o gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o poland_n make_v and_o defend_v their_o own_o law_n and_o liberty_n elect_v their_o king_n with_o all_o manner_n of_o freedom_n give_v he_o the_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n appoint_v minister_n to_o counsel_n and_o instruct_v he_o and_o their_o number_n far_o exceed_v that_o of_o the_o senate_n they_o easy_o keep_v the_o king_n and_o senator_n in_o their_o duty_n and_o threaten_v both_o very_a often_o especial_o in_o the_o diet_n where_o each_o member_n have_v a_o liberty_n to_o speak_v what_o he_o think_v and_o to_o think_v what_o he_o please_v it_o be_v they_o that_o despute_v the_o nuncios_fw-la out_o of_o themselves_o for_o every_o province_n to_o meet_v and_o sit_v in_o the_o general_n diet_n with_o full_a instruction_n and_o absolute_a power_n not_o to_o consent_v to_o any_o proceed_n which_o shall_v in_o the_o least_o entrench_v on_o their_o privilege_n or_o if_o such_o deputy_n shall_v happen_v to_o be_v bribe_v to_o act_v contrary_a to_o their_o instruction_n then_o have_v the_o gentry_n of_o the_o province_n whence_o they_o be_v send_v a_o free_a authority_n to_o punish_v they_o for_o so_o do_v great_a not_o only_o these_o excessive_a privilege_n make_v the_o polish_v gentry_n powerful_a and_o great_a but_o likewise_o the_o vast_a territory_n which_o a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o enjoy_v with_o a_o despotic_a power_n over_o their_o subject_n for_o some_o possess_v five_o some_o ten_o some_o fifteen_o some_o twenty_o nay_o some_o thirty_o league_n of_o land_n out_o right_a whereon_o they_o have_v always_o their_o several_a pod-starostas_a or_o gentlemen-steward_n reside_v who_o be_v to_o take_v account_n of_o their_o revenue_n to_o sell_v some_o thing_n and_o to_o send_v the_o rest_n to_o their_o master_n house_n to_o defray_v the_o exigency_n of_o the_o family_n some_o also_o be_v hereditary_a sovereign_n of_o city_n which_o the_o king_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o and_o one_o of_o the_o prince_n lubomirski_n possess_v above_o four_o thousand_o city_n town_n and_o village_n moreover_o some_o can_v raise_v a_o army_n of_o five_o six_o eight_o and_o ten_o thousand_o man_n and_o maintain_v they_o at_o their_o own_o charge_n when_o they_o have_v do_v dr._n connor_n say_v prince_n lubomirski_n have_v actual_o seven_o thousand_o horse_n foot_n and_o dragoon_n in_o pay_n when_o he_o be_v in_o poland_n magnificence_n all_o the_o gentry_n of_o note_n live_v most_o splendid_o they_o have_v all_o their_o horse_n and_o foot_n guard_n which_o keep_v sentry_n night_n and_o day_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o their_o house_n they_o call_v they_o court_v and_o in_o their_o antichamber_n these_o guard_n go_v before_o and_o after_o their_o master_n coach_n in_o the_o street_n but_o above_o all_o these_o nobleman_n make_v a_o extraordinary_a figure_n at_o the_o general_a diet_n where_o some_o have_v three_o hundred_o some_o five_o and_o some_o a_o thousand_o guard_n always_o attend_v they_o nay_o hauteville_n say_v that_o former_o some_o great_a person_n have_v be_v know_v to_o come_v to_o the_o diet_n with_o above_o ten_o thousand_o men._n they_o esteem_v themselves_o not_o only_o equal_a but_o also_o above_o the_o prince_n of_o germany_n especial_o such_o among_o they_o as_o be_v senator_n it_o be_v certain_a they_o want_v nothing_o to_o be_v as_o so_o many_o sovereign_a prince_n except_o the_o liberty_n of_o coin_v money_n which_o the_o republic_n have_v reserve_v whole_o to_o itself_o the_o doctor_n say_v he_o have_v no_o where_o see_v subject_n live_v with_o such_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o splendour_n for_o these_o great_a man_n when_o they_o go_v to_o dinner_n or_o supper_n have_v always_o their_o trumpet_n sound_v and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o gentry_n to_o wait_v on_o they_o at_o table_n some_o whereof_o carve_v some_o give_v to_o drink_v other_o reach_v plate_n and_o all_o serve_v with_o extraordinary_a respect_n and_o submission_n for_o though_o all_o the_o gentry_n in_o poland_n be_v equal_a and_o have_v all_o their_o free_a vote_n in_o the_o diet_n yet_o
one_o in_o the_o suburb_n religion_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n and_o suburb_n be_v general_o germane_a and_o compute_v to_o be_v upward_o of_o two_o hundred_o thousand_o soul_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n have_v adhere_v to_o the_o auspurg_n confession_n ever_o since_o the_o year_n 1525._o and_o the_o lutheran_n alone_o be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n in_o the_o government_n yet_o all_o other_o sect_n be_v tolerate_v and_o allow_v a_o free_a exercise_n of_o their_o religion_n church_n the_o public_a building_n of_o this_o city_n be_v first_o their_o church_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o very_a famous_a viz._n st._n mary_n and_o st._n peter_n the_o former_a of_o which_o be_v by_o much_o the_o stately_a fabric_n in_o all_o prussia_n be_v very_o highvaulted_a and_o have_v in_o it_o exceed_o fine_a organ_n beside_o it_o be_v say_v to_o have_v 48_o altar_n 3722_o window_n and_o a_o font_n make_v at_o antwerp_n which_o cost_v 24000_o rixdollar_n or_o 5400_o pound_n sterling_a town-house_n next_o there_o be_v the_o town-house_n where_o the_o magistrate_n sit_v this_o be_v a_o very_a magnificent_a fabric_n with_o a_o exceed_a high_a spire_n it_o have_v abundance_n of_o noble_a inscription_n in_o several_a room_n into_o which_o it_o be_v divide_v the_o court_n of_o judicature_n here_o be_v very_o fine_a be_v all_o build_v with_o freestone_n and_o name_v arlus-house_n from_o its_o founder_n magazine_n in_o this_o city_n be_v three_o magazine_n whereof_o one_o be_v very_o considerable_a and_o plentiful_o provide_v with_o all_o kind_n of_o store_n and_o ammunition_n for_o land-force_n etc._n here_o be_v no_o university_n but_o however_o a_o very_a famous_a college_n with_o professor_n of_o all_o faculty_n yet_o who_o do_v not_o give_v the_o degree_n of_o doctor_n here_o be_v likewise_o a_o tolerable_a exchange_n for_o merchant_n to_o meet_v in_o the_o palace_n of_o st._n dominick_n a_o beautiful_a edifice_n a_o college_n for_o jesuit_n etc._n etc._n government_n the_o jurisdiction_n of_o dantzic_n extend_v to_o above_o 40_o english_a mile_n circumference_n it_o send_v two_o deputy_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o poland_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o in_o the_o first_o volume_n of_o this_o book_n the_o absolute_a government_n of_o it_o be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o thirty_o senator_n elder_n or_o magistrate_n whereof_o the_o great_a part_n be_v person_n of_o learning_n though_o some_o few_o be_v merchant_n but_o of_o no_o other_o trade_n none_o of_o the_o clergy_n can_v be_v of_o this_o magistracy_n though_o any_o foreigner_n may_v yet_o none_o of_o any_o other_o religion_n but_o the_o lutheran_n except_o the_o calvinist_n whereof_o there_o must_v always_o be_v four_o in_o the_o whole_a senate_n division_n the_o senator_n when_o once_o create_v continue_v the_o same_o for_o life_n the_o first_o and_o chief_a among_o they_o be_v the_o four_o burgomaster_n or_o as_o they_o call_v they_o proconsul_n out_o of_o which_o a_o precedent_n be_v choose_v every_o year_n under_o these_o there_o be_v thirteen_o consul_n who_o choose_v the_o aforesaid_a burgomaster_n out_o of_o their_o body_n as_o often_o as_o they_o die_v away_o they_o likewise_o have_v the_o choose_v of_o all_o other_o officer_n belong_v as_o well_o to_o the_o old_a as_o the_o new_a city_n syndic_n there_o be_v twelve_o scabin_n or_o judge_n for_o all_o manner_n of_o process_n from_o who_o there_o lie_v appeal_n to_o the_o thirteen_o consul_n and_o four_o burgomaster_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n the_o thirty_o senator_n be_v their_o syndic_n or_o orator_n who_o be_v like_o a_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o receive_v and_o compliment_v any_o foreign_a minister_n or_o agent_n he_o take_v place_n of_o all_o the_o scabin_n as_o the_o consul_n and_o burgomaster_n do_v of_o he_o king_n the_o king_n nominate_v every_o year_n out_o of_o the_o consul_n or_o burgomaster_n a_o burgrave_n to_o represent_v his_o person_n in_o the_o senate_n and_o all_o sentence_n of_o death_n must_v be_v sign_v by_o he_o in_o the_o king_n name_n for_o no_o body_n can_v be_v execute_v here_o without_o such_o sign_v i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o excellency_n that_o there_o be_v a_o distinction_n in_o execute_v criminal_n of_o this_o city_n for_o native_n must_v always_o be_v execute_v before_o arlus-house_n and_o foreigner_n near_o one_o of_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n where_o the_o prison_n lie_v all_o that_o be_v execute_v in_o the_o city_n be_v behead_v but_o all_o thief_n and_o robber_n be_v to_o be_v hang_v about_o two_o mile_n out_o of_o town_n at_o a_o famous_a gallow_n support_v by_o four_o pillar_n of_o brick_n power_n to_o represent_v the_o grievance_n of_o the_o people_n and_o to_o maintain_v their_o privilege_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o burgher_n choose_v to_o inspect_v the_o conduct_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v likewise_o a_o vote_n in_o elect_v the_o clergy_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o senate_n within_o this_o city_n and_o its_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v no_o bishop_n but_o only_o a_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n who_o have_v no_o power_n except_o to_o examine_v such_o as_o be_v design_v to_o be_v elect_v priest_n by_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n the_o manner_n of_o who_o election_n be_v this_o priest_n the_o candidate_n first_o make_v his_o application_n to_o the_o clergy_n to_o examine_v he_o which_o do_v they_o give_v he_o a_o certificate_n that_o they_o think_v he_o capable_a and_o allow_v he_o a_o liberty_n to_o preach_v after_o which_o the_o people_n or_o congregation_n of_o some_o parish_n present_v he_o to_o the_o senate_n and_o centumviri_n desire_v he_o may_v be_v elect_v for_o their_o minister_n when_o by_o plurality_n of_o voice_n he_o be_v elect_v according_o and_o thereupon_o send_v back_o to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o clergy_n to_o be_v ordain_v which_o be_v perform_v by_o imposition_n of_o hand_n read_v of_o prayer_n and_o some_o other_o ceremony_n this_o be_v likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v the_o clergy_n in_o most_o lutheran_n country_n church_n in_o this_o city_n there_o be_v four_o roman-catholick_n church_n whereof_o one_o be_v the_o king_n chapel_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v for_o monk_n there_o be_v also_o two_o for_o calvinist_n where_o the_o senate_n have_v no_o power_n to_o nominate_v the_o clergy_n i_o may_v here_o observe_v to_o your_o excellency_n that_o in_o dantzic_n there_o be_v a_o particular_a custom_n relate_v to_o marriage_n which_o be_v that_o there_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n official_a a_o priest_n who_o by_o his_o power_n can_v oblige_v any_o person_n to_o marry_v a_o woman_n that_o he_o have_v but_o promise_v or_o give_v any_o present_n to_o whatsoever_o though_o the_o party_n never_o mean_v any_o such_o thing_n which_o occasion_n a_o great_a deal_n of_o confusion_n and_o disorder_n here_o as_o for_o the_o king_n power_n in_o this_o city_n he_o can_v save_v any_o body_n life_n that_o he_o please_v though_o condemn_v to_o die_v by_o the_o magistrate_n to_o he_o half_o the_o port-custom_n come_v and_o one_o mill_n bring_v he_o in_o every_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o night_n 24_o gold_n ducat_n this_o mill_n be_v move_v by_o the_o rodawn_n which_o run_v through_o the_o city_n it_o grind_v such_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o corn_n all_o the_o year_n round_o that_o its_o revenue_n amount_v to_o 4320_o pound_n sterling_a to_o the_o state_n and_o the_o king_n beside_o the_o profit_n make_v by_o the_o proprietor_n the_o city_n be_v oblige_v to_o put_v the_o king_n effigy_n on_o one_o side_n of_o their_o coin_n though_o they_o common_o have_v their_o own_o arm_n on_o the_o other_o when_o the_o king_n come_v thither_o they_o be_v to_o treat_v he_o and_o his_o court_n for_o three_o day_n together_o but_o however_o he_o can_v bring_v but_o a_o few_o of_o his_o guard_n into_o the_o city_n the_o dantzicker_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v always_o a_o secretary_n at_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n who_o as_o dr._n connor_n say_v in_o his_o time_n be_v one_o mr._n alberti_n a_o ingenious_a gentleman_n now_o or_o late_o syndic_n of_o dantzic_n privilege_n as_o for_o the_o city-privilege_n they_o can_v coin_v their_o own_o money_n without_o the_o king_n leave_n choose_v their_o magistrate_n make_v their_o own_o law_n and_o determine_v absolute_o in_o matter_n of_o debt_n to_o the_o value_n of_o 500_o guilder_n but_o where_o the_o action_n exceed_v that_o sum_n a_o appeal_n lie_v to_o the_o tribunal_n of_o poland_n yet_o in_o such_o case_n the_o appellant_n be_v oblige_v to_o lay_v down_o 100_o guilder_n in_o the_o townhouse_n before_o he_o can_v proceed_v and_o this_o be_v to_o deter_v people_n from_o make_v such_o appeal_v for_o the_o dantzicker_n do_v not_o much_o care_n that_o any_o of_o their_o money_n shall_v get_v into_o poland_n but_o where_o they_o can_v help_v it_o sea_n this_o
england_n and_o curland_n or_o the_o port_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n war._n moreover_o for_o the_o acknowledgement_n that_o the_o say_a duke_n of_o curland_n do_v hold_v and_o enjoy_v the_o say_a island_n of_o tobago_n from_o and_o under_o his_o say_a majesty_n it_o be_v further_o provide_v and_o agree_v that_o when_o and_o as_o often_o as_o the_o say_a lord_n the_o king_n his_o heir_n or_o successor_n shall_v so_o require_v it_o or_o when_o he_o or_o they_o be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n against_o another_o king_n prince_n or_o state_n except_o only_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o curland_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n at_o their_o own_o proper_a cost_v and_o charge_n from_o time_n to_o time_n shall_v bring_v or_o cause_n to_o be_v bring_v one_o good_a man_n of_o war_n furnish_v with_o 40_o great_a iron_n gun_n to_o such_o port_n station_n or_o place_n which_o his_o say_a majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v name_n into_o which_o ship_n his_o majesty_n his_o heir_n and_o successor_n shall_v put_v commander_n and_o seaman_n and_o supply_v they_o with_o food_n and_o wage_n under_o the_o conduct_n and_o at_o the_o expense_n of_o the_o say_a king_n so_o long_o as_o the_o say_a ship_n shall_v abide_v in_o his_o or_o their_o service_n which_o at_o one_o time_n shall_v never_o exceed_v the_o limit_n of_o a_o year_n for_o the_o testimony_n and_o undoubted_a confirmation_n whereof_o the_o abovesaid_a party_n namely_o the_o most_o serene_a and_o most_o potent_a king_n of_o great_a britain_n and_o the_o most_o illustrious_a duke_n of_o curland_n have_v set_v their_o hand_n interchangeable_o to_o the_o mutual_a agreement_n contain_v and_o explain_v in_o these_o present_n and_o moreover_o have_v apply_v their_o great_a seal_n for_o the_o establishment_n thereof_o effect_n hereupon_o at_o the_o instance_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n minister_n his_o majesty_n king_n charles_n ii_o scent_n a_o letter_n to_o the_o states-general_n to_o acquaint_v they_o with_o this_o his_o grant_n and_o to_o recommend_v to_o their_o consideration_n the_o just_a pretension_n of_o the_o say_a duke_n to_o this_o island_n but_o notwithstanding_o the_o state_n incline_v to_o favour_v the_o lambson_n interest_n who_o have_v the_o impudence_n to_o call_v this_o a_o sham-grant_a affirm_v that_o his_o majesty_n can_v not_o give_v that_o which_o be_v none_o of_o he_o to_o dispose_v of_o the_o say_v royal_a letter_n have_v little_a or_o no_o effect_n till_o it_o happen_v that_o count_n d'_fw-fr etree_n the_o french_a admiral_n take_v the_o island_n and_o make_v there_o a_o miserable_a slaughter_n and_o extirpation_n of_o the_o dutch_a but_o who_o think_v fit_a to_o quit_v the_o possession_n of_o it_o soon_o after_o king_n notwithstanding_o several_a of_o the_o french_a gentry_n and_o merchant_n have_v a_o prospect_n of_o benefit_n before_o their_o eye_n afterward_o solicit_v their_o king_n to_o grant_v the_o say_v conquer_a island_n to_o they_o but_o which_o he_o generous_o refuse_v declare_v that_o it_o belong_v to_o a_o neutral_a prince_n who_o do_v no_o body_n any_o harm_n charles_n hereupon_o the_o duke_n without_o further_a loss_n of_o time_n prepare_v to_o send_v ship_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o his_o right_n and_o upon_o his_o request_n king_n charles_n be_v please_v to_o favour_v he_o with_o his_o second_o royal_a letter_n to_o the_o government_n of_o barbadoes_n direct_v to_o the_o then_o governor_n sir_n jonathan_n atkins_n and_o date_v the_o 19_o of_o january_n 1680_o whereby_o that_o governor_n be_v order_v not_o only_o to_o permit_v and_o suffer_v the_o commander_n and_o officer_n of_o the_o say_a ship_n to_o provide_v and_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o what_o they_o may_v stand_v in_o need_n of_o but_o likewise_o to_o be_v aid_v and_o assist_v to_o they_o with_o his_o authority_n wherever_o there_o shall_v be_v find_v occasion_n intercept_v the_o like_a letter_n be_v some_o time_n before_o dispatch_v from_o king_n charles_n to_o the_o say_a government_n by_o one_o of_o the_o duke_n ship_n call_v the_o flowerpot_n but_o which_o together_o with_o the_o ship_n be_v betray_v to_o the_o pirate_n of_o algiers_n by_o one_o captain_n nagel_n the_o commander_n governor_n upon_o the_o governor_n of_o berbadoes_n receipt_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a royal_a letter_n the_o duke_n be_v encourage_v to_o send_v a_o governor_n to_o tobago_n and_o soon_o after_o several_a other_o from_o time_n to_o time_n to_o keep_v possession_n thereof_o till_o by_o assistance_n of_o the_o english_a he_o may_v be_v able_a to_o establish_v a_o colony_n there_o captain_n in_o 1681_o the_o duke_n enter_v into_o a_o contract_n with_o captain_n pointz_n grant_v 120000_o acre_n of_o the_o say_a island_n to_o he_o and_o company_n upon_o very_o advantageous_a term_n tobago_n this_o island_n lie_v very_o commodious_o among_o the_o caribbee_n or_o antilles_n have_v many_o excellent_a havens_n and_o rivers_n and_o afford_v divers_a good_a product_n and_o will_v be_v of_o very_o dangerous_a consequence_n to_o the_o english_a either_o in_o french_a or_o dutch_a hand_n for_o hand_n first_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1664_o 1665_o and_o 1666_o it_o be_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o the_o dutch_a they_o take_v in_o the_o war_n several_a hundred_o sail_n of_o ship_n belong_v to_o the_o subject_n of_o england_n either_o go_v or_o come_v from_o the_o plantation_n and_o bring_v they_o to_o tobago_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_a be_v it_o in_o the_o english_a hand_n under_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n their_o allegiance_n will_v prevent_v for_o the_o future_a the_o like_a damage_n second_o in_o the_o say_a war_n both_o french_a and_o dutch_a make_v up_o their_o fleet_n at_o the_o say_a island_n and_o take_v and_o plunder_v st._n christopher_n mountserat_fw-la antegoa_n berbudas_n etc._n etc._n to_o the_o great_a damage_n of_o the_o english_a three_o king_n charles_n be_v at_o excessive_a charge_n in_o fit_v out_o a_o fleet_n to_o preserve_v mevis_n from_o be_v take_v by_o the_o dutch_a in_o the_o say_a war_n and_o four_o the_o say_a island_n be_v accommodate_v with_o harbour_n and_o road_n beyond_o any_o other_o of_o the_o caribbee_n may_v probable_o shelter_v enemy_n to_o the_o english_a crown_n when_o if_o it_o be_v in_o their_o hand_n that_o inconveniency_n will_v be_v prevent_v call_v much_o more_o may_v be_v add_v concern_v this_o island_n but_o for_o brevity_n sake_n it_o be_v omit_v only_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n that_o a_o french_a geographer_n suppose_v that_o either_o tobacco_n have_v take_v its_o name_n from_o this_o island_n or_o this_o island_n have_v be_v so_o call_v from_o that_o weed_n issue_n this_o duke_n james_n upon_o his_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n be_v marry_v to_o chariotte_n the_o daughter_n of_o george_n william_n elector_n of_o brandenburg_n the_o last_o elector_n frederic_n william_n sister_n who_o die_v in_o 1676_o by_o who_o he_o have_v the_o late_a duke_n frederic_n casimir_n prince_n ferdinand_n lieutenant-general_n in_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n army_n and_o prince_n alexander_n who_o be_v wound_v by_o a_o cannon-ball_n at_o the_o siege_n of_o buda_n and_o who_o die_v in_o his_o way_n to_o vienna_n and_o three_o princess_n whereof_o lovis_n elizabeth_n marry_v frederic_n landtgrave_n of_o hesse_n of_o the_o line_n of_o hambourg_n marry_o amalia_n marry_v may_n 21_o 1673_o charles_n landtgrave_n of_o hesse_n of_o the_o line_n of_o cassel_n and_o the_o three_o charlotte_n live_v still_o unmarried_a in_o the_o king_n of_o sueden_n court._n duke_n james_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o elder_a son_n 1683._o frederic_n casimir_n but_o now_o late_o decease_v who_o while_o he_o be_v prince_n serve_v under_o our_o present_a king_n in_o holland_n in_o the_o first_o french_a war_n bring_v several_a regiment_n of_o horse_n and_o dragoon_n along_o with_o he_o and_o there_o marry_v princess_n sophia_n amalia_n of_o nassau-siegen_n who_o die_v in_o childbed_n on_o the_o 25_o of_o december_n 1688_o by_o this_o duchess_n he_o have_v three_o princess_n alive_a he_o be_v a_o second_o time_n marry_v at_o berlin_n in_o the_o year_n 1691_o to_o the_o princess_n elizabeth_n sophia_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburgh_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v two_o or_o more_o son_n this_o duke_n die_v at_o mittaw_n about_o the_o begin_n of_o february_n 1698_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o elder_a son_n 1698._o frederic_n casimir_n ii_o the_o present_a duke_n be_v a_o child_n not_o above_o six_o year_n of_o age._n poland_n the_o duke_n of_o curland_n be_v vassal_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o elector_n be_v to_o the_o emperor_n for_o when_o any_o new_a king_n be_v elect_v there_o this_o duke_n be_v oblige_v to_o send_v his_o envoy_n to_o receive_v investiture_n by_o have_v a_o standard_n deliver_v with_o the_o arm_n of_o poland_n on_o one_o side_n
to_o the_o people_n knight_v next_o day_n the_o king_n go_v on_o horseback_n rich_o attire_v and_o in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n some_o of_o the_o senators_z carrying_z the_o regalia_z before_o he_o the_o order_n of_o march_n be_v the_o bishop_n behind_o and_o the_o lay_n senator_n before_o and_o then_o the_o other_o officer_n nuncios_fw-la etc._n etc._n before_o they_o while_o he_o be_v in_o procession_n the_o great_a treasurer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n scatter_v among_o the_o people_n a_o great_a number_n both_o of_o gold_n and_o silver_n medal_n more_o from_o the_o castle_n to_o the_o town-house_n here_o he_o be_v habit_v anew_o with_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o seat_v in_o a_o splendid_a throne_n erect_v on_o purpose_n when_o the_o senate_n sit_v in_o a_o inferior_a degree_n on_o each_o hand_n of_o he_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n come_v to_o pay_v he_o their_o homage_n and_o to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o loyalty_n present_v he_o again_o with_o the_o key_n of_o every_o of_o their_o gate_n gild_v and_o lay_v in_o a_o silver_n plate_n which_o do_v the_o chancellor_n assure_v they_o of_o the_o king_n favour_n and_o then_o read_v aloud_o the_o oath_n of_o fealty_n to_o they_o which_o they_o then_o take_v on_o their_o knee_n hold_v up_o their_o hand_n all_o the_o while_n have_v thus_o swear_v the_o magistrate_n present_v he_o with_o a_o purse_n of_o gold_n and_o then_o receive_v their_o key_n back_o after_o which_o the_o king_n have_v deliver_v the_o sceptre_n and_o globe_n to_o some_o of_o the_o senator_n stand_v about_o he_o he_o receive_v a_o naked_a sword_n from_o the_o great_a sword-bearer_n which_o rise_v up_o and_o flourish_v over_o his_o head_n towards_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n he_o sit_v down_o again_o and_o by_o a_o light_n strike_v of_o the_o blade_n on_o the_o shoulder_n of_o some_o of_o the_o burgher_n create_v they_o knight_n this_o do_v the_o great_a treasurer_n in_o the_o king_n be_v return_v back_o to_o the_o castle_n scatters_z some_o more_o medal_n among_o the_o people_n whilst_o the_o canon_n proclaim_v their_o joy_n and_o if_o it_o be_v night_n as_o general_o it_o be_v by_o that_o time_n all_o these_o ceremony_n be_v over_o the_o firework_n be_v light_v and_o various_a proof_n of_o satisfaction_n be_v every_o where_o both_o to_o be_v see_v and_o hear_v proclaim_v the_o king_n be_v thus_o establish_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n sit_v where_o first_o the_o primate_n lay_v down_o his_o authority_n of_o inter-rex_a and_o then_o every_o individual_a member_n of_o the_o senate_n and_o diet_n take_v a_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n and_o supremacy_n to_o the_o king_n after_o which_o his_o majesty_n be_v invest_v with_o the_o plenary_a regal_a authority_n he_o give_v new_a seal_n to_o the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o marshal_n bear_v their_o staff_n erect_v before_o he_o then_o he_o issue_v out_o his_o royal_a proclamation_n command_v all_o magistrate_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n great_a duchy_n and_o annex_v province_n to_o cause_v his_o coronation_n and_o confirmation_n of_o the_o people_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n to_o be_v proclaim_v on_o the_o first_o public_a day_n in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n and_o afterward_o to_o be_v register_v in_o their_o journal_o also_o by_o the_o same_o proclamation_n he_o give_v liberty_n to_o all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n to_o proceed_v after_o their_o usual_a manner_n and_o then_o confirm_v aâ—_n the_o act_n and_o constitution_n which_o have_v pass_v in_o the_o diet_n during_o the_o inter-regnum_fw-la not_o as_o to_o what_o relate_v to_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n coronation_n we_o must_v first_o observe_v that_o she_o can_v be_v crown_v unless_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n a_o instance_n whereof_o we_o may_v see_v in_o helena_n wife_n to_o king_n alexander_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a persuasion_n and_o not_o care_v to_o reform_v be_v not_o crown_v also_o we_o may_v read_v in_o history_n that_o queen_n have_v either_o be_v crown_v with_o their_o husband_n or_o without_o with_o their_o husband_n when_o they_o be_v either_o marry_v to_o they_o before_o or_o at_o the_o time_n of_o their_o coronation_n and_o without_o when_o they_o be_v marry_v afterward_o with_o consent_n of_o the_o diet_n for_o it_o have_v always_o be_v think_v so_o very_o necessary_a to_o have_v their_o consent_n that_o it_o be_v insert_v among_o the_o article_n of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la likewise_o the_o king_n can_v be_v divorce_v from_o his_o queen_n without_o the_o approbation_n of_o the_o diet_n neither_o can_v he_o crown_v she_o if_o she_o be_v marry_v to_o he_o after_o his_o coronation_n without_o their_o consent_n but_o if_o she_o be_v marry_v before_o he_o may_v coronation_n the_o place_n of_o the_o queen_n coronation_n be_v general_o cracow_n although_o there_o have_v be_v some_o example_n to_o the_o contrary_a for_o vladislaus_n vii_o cause_v his_o queen_n cecilia_n renata_n to_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n and_o king_n michael_n his_o queen_n eleonora_n in_o the_o same_o city_n but_o however_o this_o last_o be_v with_o leave_n of_o the_o diet_n though_o at_o the_o same_o time_n they_o forbid_v it_o to_o go_v for_o a_o precedent_n for_o the_o future_a what_o have_v be_v say_v about_o a_o queen_n be_v not_o be_v to_o be_v crown_v if_o a_o dowager_n survive_v be_v not_o so_o as_o may_v appear_v by_o several_a example_n it_o as_o for_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o queen_n coronation_n alone_o it_o must_v be_v with_o the_o king_n consent_n he_o must_v request_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n he_o must_v lead_v his_o queen_n into_o the_o church_n and_o he_o must_v present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n or_o other_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o crown_v she_o anoint_v she_o with_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o to_o put_v a_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o globe_n into_o she_o left_a the_o king_n likewise_o be_v to_o carry_v his_o queen_n to_o the_o townhouse_n but_o she_o be_v to_o receive_v no_o homage_n there_o have_v thus_o my_o lord_n amass_v the_o several_a particular_n intend_v for_o your_o lordship_n perusal_n i_o have_v nothing_o leave_v to_o do_v but_o humble_o to_o acknowledge_v my_o presumption_n and_o to_o have_v recourse_n to_o your_o candour_n and_o goodness_n for_o pardon_n and_o protection_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o lordship_n be_v most_o humble_a and_o most_o devote_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n v._n to_o the_o most_o honourable_a john_n lord_n marquess_z of_o normanby_n of_o the_o power_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o slavery_n of_o the_o commonalty_n in_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o custom_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n of_o that_o kingdom_n as_o likewise_o of_o some_o peculiarly_a relate_n to_o particular_a country_n my_o lord_n to_o approach_n so_o great_a a_o person_n as_o your_o lordship_n on_o so_o trifle_v a_o account_n as_o the_o subject_a of_o this_o letter_n i_o be_v conscious_a to_o myself_o be_v no_o way_n suitable_a on_o one_o hand_n your_o know_a ability_n may_v reasonable_o deter_v my_o presumption_n and_o on_o the_o other_o your_o elate_a quality_n check_v my_o ambition_n yet_o consider_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o sometime_o the_o great_a genius_n and_o person_n have_v stoop_v to_o be_v entertain_v with_o the_o folly_n and_o transaction_n of_o the_o crowd_n i_o hope_v among_o the_o rest_n i_o may_v not_o offend_v if_o i_o address_v this_o letter_n to_o you_o and_o the_o rather_o because_o it_o be_v first_o design_v for_o the_o entertainment_n of_o your_o lordship_n leisure_n hour_n my_o lord_n preferment_n the_o three_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v that_o of_o the_o nobility_n out_o of_o which_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o all_o other_o officer_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a be_v take_v for_o no_o body_n else_o that_o be_v not_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n though_o he_o be_v never_o so_o noble_a in_o his_o own_o country_n can_v be_v capable_a of_o any_o preferment_n here_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o inconsiderable_a post_n in_o the_o army_n the_o high_a whereof_o be_v a_o colonel_n or_o at_o most_o a_o major-general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o a_o brigadeer_n in_o our_o army_n so_o that_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o encouragement_n for_o person_n of_o foreign_a country_n of_o what_o merit_n or_o degree_n soever_o to_o go_v to_o serve_v this_o republic_n which_o prove_v no_o small_a inconvenience_n and_o prejudice_n to_o their_o state_n few_o as_o for_o the_o citizen_n and_o peasant_n they_o be_v exclude_v from_o all_o preferment_n and_o can_v have_v no_o possession_n unless_o they_o be_v a_o few_o house_n in_o a_o city_n or_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o land_n about_o a_o league_n off_o in_o the_o
crown_n but_o they_o be_v wear_v only_o at_o diet_n and_o descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n the_o fashion_n the_o woman_n use_v come_v near_a to_o that_o of_o the_o man_n than_o in_o most_o country_n lithuania_n in_o lithuania_n the_o mean_a sort_n make_v shoe_n of_o bark_n of_o tree_n which_o they_o wrap_v about_o and_o put_v under_o the_o sole_n of_o their_o foot_n these_o shoe_n they_o call_v chodakys_o of_o the_o tender_a bark_n also_o they_o make_v stocking_n turn_v and_o wind_v it_o about_o the_o calf_n of_o their_o leg_n before_o they_o come_v into_o any_o town_n they_o always_o take_v care_n to_o put_v on_o fresh_a chodaky_n these_o every_o countryman_n almost_o make_v so_o that_o it_o be_v common_o use_v as_o a_o jest_n in_o poland_n that_o there_o be_v more_o shoemaker_n in_o lithuania_n than_o in_o all_o europe_n beside_o the_o same_o people_n likewise_o wear_v a_o sort_n of_o habit_n with_o sleeve_n weave_v all_o of_o a_o piece_n this_o they_o call_v samodzialka_n it_o be_v common_o grey_a and_o very_a thick_a and_o wear_v equal_o by_o man_n and_o woman_n among_o the_o rustic_n mode_n some_o few_o of_o the_o pole_n imitate_v the_o french_a fashion_n and_o wear_v linen_n lace_n point_n peruke_n and_o sword_n for_o those_o who_o retain_v the_o polish_v habit_n have_v no_o other_o linen_n but_o shirt_n and_o drawer_n and_o some_o of_o they_o sock_n the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o gentry_n and_o even_o some_o of_o the_o great_a man_n put_v sift_v chaff_n into_o their_o boot_n which_o serve_v they_o instead_o of_o sock_n when_o i_o speak_v of_o the_o pole_n wear_v linen_n i_o mean_v only_o the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n for_o the_o peasant_n wear_v none_o at_o all_o unless_o some_o by_o chance_n happen_v to_o have_v shirt_n of_o course_n cloth_n fashion_n the_o woman_n former_o have_v only_a garland_n on_o their_o head_n compose_v of_o gold_n gem_n flower_n silk_n and_o the_o like_a but_o now_o they_o wear_v silk_n cap_n line_v with_o furr_n like_o the_o men._n they_o also_o former_o imitate_v the_o woman_n of_o foreign_a country_n and_o in_o the_o late_a reign_n all_o the_o woman_n of_o quality_n particular_o those_o that_o reside_v at_o court_n follow_v the_o french_a mode_n king_n john_n iii_n queen_n be_v of_o that_o nation_n never_o do_v the_o price_n hinder_v their_o have_v fine_a thing_n for_o they_o suffer_v themselves_o to_o be_v bubble_v by_o foreign_a merchant_n especial_o french_a at_o a_o ridiculous_a rate_n extravagance_n both_o woman_n and_o man_n be_v extravagant_a to_o a_o infinite_a degree_n insomuch_o that_o some_o among_o they_o will_v have_v fifty_o suit_n of_o clothes_n at_o once_o all_o as_o rich_a as_o possible_a but_o what_o show_v their_o prodigality_n yet_o more_o be_v that_o they_o will_v almost_o have_v their_o servant_n go_v as_o well_o dress_v as_o themselves_o whereby_o they_o general_o soon_o spend_v their_o estate_n and_o be_v reduce_v in_o a_o short_a time_n to_o the_o extreme_a want_n but_o this_o prodigality_n of_o they_o do_v not_o only_o extend_v to_o their_o habit_n but_o likewise_o to_o their_o building_n equipage_n and_o other_o custom_n in_o their_o modern_a building_n many_o of_o they_o imitate_v the_o italian_n though_o general_o speak_v indeed_o their_o house_n be_v small_a and_o low_a especial_o in_o the_o country_n house_n they_o never_o live_v above_o stair_n and_o their_o house_n be_v not_o unite_v the_o kitchen_n be_v on_o one_o side_n the_o stable_a on_o another_o the_o house_n on_o another_o and_o the_o gate_n in_o the_o front_n all_o which_o make_v a_o court_n either_o square_a or_o round_a these_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o wood_n though_o the_o other_o sort_n be_v both_o of_o brick_n and_o stone_n furniture_n the_o inside_n of_o their_o house_n be_v general_o hang_v with_o tapestry_n or_o arras_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o householdstuff_n and_o utensil_n proportionable_o suitable_a yet_o towards_o tartary_n they_o do_v not_o much_o care_n to_o have_v any_o furniture_n extraordinary_a for_o fear_n of_o the_o incursion_n of_o that_o barbarous_a people_n therefore_o in_o that_o part_n of_o poland_n the_o gentry_n content_v themselves_o with_o a_o few_o small_a bed_n with_o taffata_n curtain_n just_a enough_o to_o serve_v their_o family_n for_o if_o any_o go_v to_o lodge_v at_o their_o house_n they_o general_o carry_v their_o bed_n along_o with_o they_o orchard_n the_o polish_v gentry_n have_v seldom_o any_o garden_n or_o orchard_n to_o their_o house_n though_o their_o country_n be_v very_o proper_a for_o fruit-tree_n whereby_o they_o may_v save_v the_o expense_n of_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o corn_n which_o they_o consume_v in_o beer_n by_o make_v of_o cider_n and_o perry_n effect_n although_o it_o be_v extreme_a cold_n in_o poland_n yet_o will_v the_o polish_v gentry_n have_v almost_o every_o one_o a_o bagnio_fw-it in_o his_o house_n in_o which_o the_o woman_n have_v their_o apartment_n separate_v from_o the_o men._n there_o be_v likewise_o public_a bath_n in_o every_o city_n and_o town_n for_o the_o use_n of_o the_o common_a people_n which_o they_o frequent_v not_o only_o in_o summer_n but_o also_o in_o winter_n from_o their_o frequent_a use_n of_o bath_n probable_o come_v the_o reason_n that_o the_o polish_v child_n be_v seldom_o scabby_a either_o in_o head_n or_o face_n it_o may_v be_v here_o also_o observe_v that_o the_o child_n in_o poland_n be_v seldom_o distort_v crooked_a or_o ill-shaped_a as_o it_o often_o happen_v in_o other_o country_n because_o here_o they_o do_v not_o swath_n their_o child_n but_o only_o wrap_v they_o loose_v in_o linen_n clouts_n show_n the_o pole_n be_v general_o so_o great_a admirer_n of_o splendour_n and_o show_n that_o their_o woman_n seldom_o stir_v out_o of_o door_n without_o a_o coach_n and_o six_o though_o it_o be_v only_o cross_v the_o way_n either_o to_o church_n or_o to_o visit_v a_o neighbour_n but_o the_o man_n for_o the_o most_o part_n go_v on_o horseback_n and_o rare_o on_o foot_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o to_o be_v very_o ignoble_a attendant_n both_o man_n and_o woman_n be_v always_o attend_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o servant_n of_o both_o sex_n the_o woman_n to_o wait_v on_o the_o woman_n and_o the_o man_n on_o the_o men._n the_o principal_a senator_n always_o ride_v or_o walk_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o their_o retinue_n put_v the_o best_a clothe_v of_o their_o servant_n before_o they_o when_o the_o gentry_n of_o either_o sex_n go_v abroad_o a_o night_n they_o have_v twenty_o four_o or_o more_o whitewax_n flambeaux_fw-fr carry_v before_o their_o coach_n woman_n of_o quality_n general_o have_v their_o train_n bear_v up_o by_o he_o or_o she-dwarf_n these_o lady_n have_v also_o with_o they_o a_o old_a woman_n which_o they_o call_v their_o governante_n and_o a_o old_a gentleman_n for_o their_o gentleman-usher_n who_o office_n be_v to_o follow_v their_o coach_n on_o foot_n and_o to_o help_v they_o out_o of_o it_o when_o they_o alight_v it_o may_v be_v remark_v that_o their_o coach_n go_v always_o very_o slow_a and_o grave_o modest_a the_o reason_n of_o these_o two_o old_a people_n wait_v on_o the_o lady_n be_v not_o because_o their_o husband_n be_v jealous_a as_o in_o most_o of_o the_o eastern_a country_n for_o the_o polish_v lady_n be_v general_o very_o modest_a and_o do_v not_o at_o all_o abuse_n the_o great_a liberty_n allow_v they_o exception_n but_o this_o rule_n do_v not_o hold_v among_o the_o common_a people_n for_o maid_n with_o they_o never_o think_v themselves_o awhit_o the_o worse_a for_o be_v unmarried_a mother_n nor_o be_v their_o frailty_n any_o hindrance_n to_o their_o fortune_n for_o they_o soon_o marry_v again_o and_o thereby_o repair_v the_o scandal_n these_o sort_n of_o grass-widdow_n most_o common_o serve_v for_o nurse_n for_o a_o virtuous_a marry_v woman_n though_o she_o be_v never_o so_o poor_a will_v hardly_o ever_o nurse_n any_o child_n but_o her_o own_o restrain_v it_o may_v be_v observe_v notwithstanding_o all_o these_o honour_n do_v the_o woman_n in_o poland_n that_o they_o do_v neither_o keep_v the_o purse_n nor_o wear_v the_o breeches_n for_o when_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o have_v any_o thing_n they_o be_v oblige_v to_o ask_v their_o husband_n for_o it_o by_o kneel_v embrace_v his_o knee_n and_o call_v he_o their_o benefactor_n except_o some_o few_o trifle_n of_o course_n allow_v they_o as_o butter_n and_o egg_n after_o the_o house_n be_v serve_v and_o flax_n ready_a hitchel_v by_o the_o peasant_n all_o which_o indeed_o they_o may_v dispose_v of_o without_o their_o husband_n privity_n but_o as_o to_o other_o thing_n they_o can_v for_o the_o man_n be_v the_o sole_a manager_n of_o all_o thing_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o woman_n have_v little_a more_o to_o do_v than_o to_o eat_v drink_v and_o divert_v themselves_o temper_v as_o the_o pole_n
reflect_v on_o those_o state_n that_o have_v a_o great_a many_o fortification_n we_o shall_v find_v that_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o but_o one_o battle_n they_o have_v be_v in_o a_o manner_n ruin_v for_o the_o enemy_n be_v once_o get_v into_o their_o stronghold_n be_v not_o easy_o force_v out_o of_o they_o when_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o pole_n always_o rally_v in_o a_o field-battle_n and_o have_v no_o place_n to_o retire_v to_o either_o for_o themselves_o or_o their_o enemy_n never_o give_v out_o till_o they_o have_v total_o exclude_v their_o invader_n beside_o the_o pole_n look_v upon_o garrison_n to_o be_v the_o promoter_n of_o effeminacy_n and_o softness_n by_o the_o example_n of_o several_a hero_n of_o antiquity_n for_o the_o courage_n of_o alexander_n and_o hannibal_n be_v altogether_o enervate_v by_o their_o revel_n at_o persepolis_n and_o capua_n and_o boleslaus_n bury_v as_o it_o be_v in_o his_o debauch_n at_o kiovia_n duration_n next_o i_o must_v proceed_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o general_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n as_o i_o have_v observe_v before_o he_o that_o be_v for_o the_o kingdom_n be_v style_v hetman_n wielki_n koronni_n and_o he_o for_o the_o duchy_n hetman_n wielki_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n these_o as_o i_o have_v say_v before_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o the_o king_n whilst_o they_o continue_v in_o the_o field_n over_o their_o respective_a army_n for_o their_o authority_n be_v altogether_o independent_a on_o each_o other_o this_o dignity_n do_v not_o entitle_v they_o to_o sit_v in_o the_o senate_n yet_o for_o the_o most_o part_n they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n and_o that_o to_o procure_v they_o the_o great_a respect_n and_o sometime_o they_o have_v at_o the_o same_o time_n be_v the_o high_a officer_n in_o the_o kingdom_n as_o great_a marshal_n great_a chancellor_n etc._n etc._n for_o john_n zamoski_n be_v both_o great_a chancellor_n and_o general_n at_o once_o yet_o this_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a and_o now_o the_o office_n of_o general_n or_o lieutenant_n general_n be_v usual_o confer_v either_o upon_o the_o palatine_n or_o castellan_n who_o although_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n superior_a to_o the_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o sit_v in_o the_o diet_n when_o the_o other_o be_v to_o stand_v about_o the_o king_n yet_o they_o be_v not_o presume_v to_o have_v so_o great_a a_o power_n in_o the_o republic_n this_o office_n be_v not_o long_o since_o perpetual_a but_o now_o by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1666._o it_o be_v to_o expire_v at_o the_o end_n of_o three_o year_n power_n each_o of_o these_o general_n have_v his_o lieutenant_n general_n the_o office_n of_o these_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o letter_n to_o his_o grace_n the_o duke_n of_o norfolk_z and_o therefore_o need_v not_o be_v repeat_v here_o the_o title_n the_o pole_n give_v the_o former_a be_v hetman_n polny_n koronni_n and_o to_o the_o latter_a hetman_n polny_n w._n x._o litheuskiego_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n they_o have_v almost_o the_o same_o power_n with_o they_o and_o former_o have_v equal_a though_o the_o general_n be_v present_a but_o that_o be_v afterward_o abrogate_a they_o be_v choose_v out_o of_o the_o senatorian_a order_n in_o like_a manner_n as_o the_o general_n officer_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v the_o general_n of_o the_o frontier-guard_n which_o be_v independent_a on_o all_o but_o the_o king_n and_o diet_n likewise_o the_o general_n of_o the_o cosack_n who_o power_n be_v establish_v by_o the_o constitution_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o next_o may_v be_v reckon_v the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n in_o the_o camp_n who_o office_n have_v be_v describe_v already_o in_o the_o letter_n beforementioned_a next_o to_o these_o general-officer_n come_v the_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n whereof_o there_o be_v two_o one_o for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o another_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n their_o office_n be_v to_o take_v charge_n of_o and_o to_o provide_v the_o army_n with_o all_o sort_n of_o cannon_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o see_v the_o soldier_n want_v for_o no_o ammunition_n after_o these_o may_v be_v rank_v the_o pissarsz_n of_o the_o army_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o intendant_n the_o great_a ensign_n the_o camp-marshal_n the_o captain_n of_o the_o guard_n or_o watch_n and_o last_o the_o major_a general_n which_o be_v much_o the_o same_o with_o our_o brigadier_n army_n then_o come_v the_o colonel_n captain_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v two_o other_o sort_n of_o officer_n belong_v to_o the_o army_n which_o be_v the_o camp-notary_n and_o the_o roto-magistri_a the_o former_a be_v to_o take_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o soldier_n in_o the_o army_n every_o three_o month_n and_o to_o transmit_v a_o copy_n thereof_o to_o the_o great_a treasurer_n and_o another_o to_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n but_o in_o lithuania_n this_o be_v to_o be_v do_v every_o month_n and_o the_o nuncio-marshal_n copy_n be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o general_n the_o roto-magistri_a be_v as_o it_o be_v captains_z or_o centurious_a of_o the_o frontier-guard_n and_o who_o can_v by_o the_o constitution_n enjoy_v such_o a_o commission_n and_o be_v senator_n at_o the_o same_o time_n belli_n as_o to_o the_o law_n relate_v to_o arm_n your_o grace_n may_v first_o be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o though_o the_o king_n can_v proper_o be_v say_v to_o declare_v war_n without_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o diet_n yet_o in_o case_n of_o sudden_a incursion_n he_o may_v former_o with_o the_o approbation_n only_o of_o such_o of_o the_o senator_n as_o be_v then_o about_o he_o and_o under_o sigismond_n iii_o there_o be_v a_o council_n of_o war_n assign_v by_o the_o diet_n or_o elect_v by_o the_o little_a diet_n amount_v to_o a_o considerable_a number_n to_o attend_v and_o advise_v in_o those_o matter_n which_o council_n continue_v even_o at_o this_o day_n however_o with_o this_o restraint_n that_o what_o they_o do_v be_v not_o altogether_o valid_a till_o it_o have_v be_v confirm_v by_o the_o general_n diet_n but_o as_o to_o offensive_a war_n that_o belong_v peculiarly_a to_o the_o great_a diet_n to_o declare_v the_o king_n in_o like_a manner_n can_v either_o give_v to_o or_o receive_v assistance_n from_o any_o foreign_a prince_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o general_n diet_n neither_o can_v he_o place_v any_o foreigner_n in_o the_o custody_n of_o castle_n or_o fort_n without_o their_o approbation_n the_o pole_n have_v many_o other_o law_n concern_v martial_a discipline_n which_o i_o have_v not_o room_n here_o to_o insert_v only_o i_o may_v take_v notice_n to_o your_o grace_n that_o deserter_n be_v punish_v not_o only_o with_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o reputation_n but_o also_o whatever_o else_o they_o have_v in_o the_o world_n be_v consiscate_v to_o the_o sole_a use_n and_o benefit_n of_o the_o army_n by_o the_o law_n also_o no_o woman_n be_v suffer_v to_o follow_v the_o camp_n though_o too_o great_a a_o number_n of_o servant_n and_o useless_a rabble_n be_v allow_v of_o insomuch_o that_o in_o a_o army_n of_o but_o 10000_o man_n there_o will_v at_o least_o be_v 50000_o of_o that_o gang._n thus_o my_o lord_n i_o have_v presume_v to_o present_v your_o grace_n with_o what_o particular_n i_o can_v find_v as_o well_o in_o the_o best_a polish_v historian_n as_o in_o some_o private_a memoir_n relate_v to_o the_o military_a affair_n in_o poland_n and_o which_o i_o hope_v though_o not_o capable_a to_o afford_v what_o satisfaction_n may_v be_v expect_v may_v at_o least_o give_v no_o occasion_n of_o offence_n i_o be_o my_o lord_n your_o grace_n most_o humble_a and_o most_o obedient_a servant_n j._n s._n letter_n vii_o to_o his_o excellency_n mounseur_fw-fr de_fw-fr cleverskerk_n ambassador_n in_o ordinary_a to_o his_o majesty_n william_n iii_o from_o the_o state_n of_o holland_n of_o the_o trade_n coin_n and_o riches_n of_o poland_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n its_o manner_n privilege_n strength_n and_o revenue_n my_o lord_n trade_n have_v ever_o be_v just_o esteem_v so_o necessary_a towards_o the_o support_n and_o grandeur_n of_o any_o state_n that_o no_o nation_n in_o the_o world_n have_v hitherto_o be_v find_v so_o stupid_a as_o to_o be_v without_o it_o some_o country_n indeed_o have_v whole_o confine_v it_o to_o the_o limit_n of_o their_o own_o dominion_n but_o how_o much_o they_o have_v be_v in_o the_o wrong_n may_v appear_v from_o the_o vast_a advantage_n which_o foreign_a commerce_n have_v bring_v to_o other_o nation_n england_n and_o holland_n be_v sufficient_a demonstration_n of_o this_o assertion_n who_o during_o
kingdom_n have_v a_o right_n to_o any_o of_o these_o mine_n as_o likewise_o to_o those_o of_o any_o metal_n find_v upon_o their_o land_n there_o be_v by_o the_o constitution_n no_o royal_a mine_n in_o poland_n except_o those_o of_o white_a salt_n only_o which_o belong_v peculiar_o to_o the_o king_n papermill_n throughout_o all_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o corn_n and_o cachat-mill_n but_o scarce_o any_o for_o full_v or_o paper_n yet_o which_o they_o may_v very_o well_o have_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o great_a number_n of_o rapid_a stream_n in_o this_o and_o in_o other_o respect_n the_o pole_n be_v very_o negligent_a of_o their_o own_o interest_n be_v content_a to_o pay_v great_a rate_n for_o cloth_n and_o paper_n when_o they_o may_v easy_o have_v both_o of_o their_o own_o manufacture_n fish_n as_o for_o leather_n though_o no_o people_n use_v it_o more_o have_v almost_o all_o boot_n and_o chariot_n which_o they_o call_v ridevans_n yet_o do_v they_o not_o care_n to_o take_v the_o trouble_n of_o dress_v it_o themselves_o but_o suffer_v foreigner_n to_o do_v it_o for_o they_o and_o which_o common_o they_o pay_v very_o dear_a for_o when_o do_v the_o pole_n trade_n very_o much_o in_o fresh_a fish_n among_o themselves_o and_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o fish_n i_o imagine_v may_v not_o be_v unacceptable_a to_o your_o excellency_n have_v something_o peculiar_a in_o it_o fish_v their_o lake_n and_o fishpond_n in_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n be_v general_o so_o large_a that_o it_o will_v be_v almost_o impossible_a ever_o to_o drain_v they_o they_o usual_o choose_v to_o fish_v they_o in_o winter_n when_o they_o be_v all_o freeze_a up_o they_o first_o make_v a_o great_a hole_n in_o the_o ice_n to_o let_v down_o their_o net_n and_o afterward_o several_a little_a one_o from_o place_n to_o place_n that_o they_o may_v draw_v they_o along_o from_o hole_n to_o hole_n with_o a_o rope_n fasten_v to_o a_o long_a pole_n till_o they_o bring_v they_o back_o to_o the_o first_o large_a open_n when_o the_o two_o end_n of_o the_o net_n be_v bring_v together_o they_o pull_v they_o up_o and_o bring_v out_o with_o they_o all_o the_o fish_n that_o happen_v to_o be_v within_o the_o space_n of_o water_n through_o which_o the_o net_n be_v draw_v for_o they_o can_v possible_o leap_v over_o they_o because_o of_o the_o ice_n produce_v throughout_o all_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n there_o be_v huge_a quantity_n of_o honey_n to_o be_v find_v in_o the_o wood_n either_o in_o hollow_a tree_n hole_n of_o the_o ground_n or_o any_o where_o else_o that_o the_o bee_n can_v find_v to_o settle_v in_o of_o this_o honey_n as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o people_n make_v several_a sort_n of_o mead_n with_o which_o and_o the_o wax_n that_o come_v from_o it_o they_o trade_v very_o much_o into_o the_o neighbour_a country_n now_o be_v it_o not_o a_o great_a wonder_n that_o these_o bee_n can_v produce_v so_o great_a plenty_n of_o honey_n in_o so_o cold_a a_o climate_n but_o it_o seem_v they_o find_v something_o in_o the_o fir-tree_n whereof_o there_o be_v great_a number_n in_o every_o wood_n that_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o flower_n which_o they_o suck_v their_o material_n from_o in_o other_o country_n prussia_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v your_o excellency_n a_o description_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o dantzic_n i_o must_v take_v some_o cursory_a notice_n of_o the_o former_a trade_n of_o prussia_n before_o its_o inhabitant_n come_v to_o have_v the_o use_n of_o money_n in_o the_o xiiith_o century_n the_o teutonic_n knight_n come_v out_o of_o germany_n into_o prussia_n bring_v along_o with_o they_o the_o coin_n of_o their_o country_n for_o before_o that_o time_n the_o prussian_n only_o barter_v commodity_n with_o their_o neighbour_n their_o chief_a trade_n than_o lie_v in_o electrum_n or_o amber_n of_o the_o nature_n of_o which_o hartman_n a_o late_a german_a author_n give_v this_o account_n he_o say_v that_o since_o it_o can_v neither_o be_v melt_v down_o nor_o be_v malleable_a it_o be_v impossible_a it_o shall_v be_v metal_n and_o because_o it_o be_v too_o solid_a a_o body_n to_o come_v under_o the_o species_n of_o sulphur_n or_o bitumen_n it_o must_v necessary_o be_v rank_v among_o the_o precious_a stone_n this_o amber_n be_v of_o divers_a colour_n and_o notwithstanding_o hartman_n insinuate_v it_o to_o be_v always_o solid_a yet_o be_v it_o certain_a that_o sometime_o it_o be_v as_o liquid_a as_o oil_n there_o be_v a_o black_a sort_n of_o it_o which_o be_v no_o other_o than_o what_o we_o call_v jet_n a_o description_n of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n siâ—ate_a to_o come_v to_o the_o description_n of_o dantzic_n in_o latin_a dantiscum_n or_o gedanum_n your_o excellency_n may_v be_v please_v to_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v the_o capital_a and_o largest_n city_n in_o royal_a prussia_n and_o lie_v in_o 41_o degree_n and_o 30_o minute_n of_o longitude_n and_o in_o 54_o degree_n and_o 20_o minute_n of_o latitude_n it_o be_v situate_a in_o one_o of_o the_o three_o island_n of_o which_o regal_a prussia_n consist_v call_v by_o the_o germane_a der_fw-mi dantzicher_n werder_n the_o other_o two_o have_v the_o name_n of_o der_fw-mi marienbursche_n werder_n and_o der_fw-mi elbingsâ—her_n werder_n this_o name_n der_fw-mi werder_n imply_v proper_o so_o many_o piece_n of_o solid_a ground_n encompass_v by_o fen_n and_o bog_n call_v by_o who_o this_o city_n be_v first_o build_v remain_v as_o yet_o undetermined_a becanus_n will_v have_v the_o dane_n to_o have_v be_v the_o founder_n of_o it_o and_o from_o they_o to_o have_v be_v call_v danes-wick_n i._n e._n danes-town_n but_o this_o derivation_n seem_v to_o have_v too_o much_o dutch_a in_o it_o therefore_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a that_o to_o the_o word_n dan_fw-mi cdan_n or_o gdan_n be_v add_v the_o sclavonian_a term_n scke_n signify_v a_o town_n which_o make_v it_o danscke_o cdanscke_n or_o gdanscke_n and_o which_o may_v very_o reasonable_o be_v suppose_v afterward_o for_o better_a pronunciation_n sake_n to_o be_v change_v into_o dantzig_n or_o dantzic_n place_n it_o be_v distant_a about_o 80_o polish_v miles_n from_o cracow_n 40_o from_o posnan_n 50_o from_o warsaw_n 30_o from_o gnesna_n 22_o from_o throne_n 24_o from_o koningsberg_n 8_o from_o elbing_n 6_o from_o marienburg_n and_o near_o 4_o english_a mile_n from_o the_o baltic_a sea_n and_o be_v build_v on_o the_o border_n of_o the_o vistula_n on_o the_o north-west_n side_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a island_n strength_n the_o town_n itself_o be_v water_v by_o the_o river_n rodawn_n and_o motlaw_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o former_a into_o two_o part_n the_o old_a and_o the_o new_a on_o the_o southern_a and_o western_a side_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o high_a mountain_n and_o be_v well_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n against_o the_o incursion_n of_o the_o swede_n in_o the_o year_n 1656._o it_o have_v a_o large_a and_o high_a wall_n so_o broad_a that_o coach_n easy_o go_v round_a the_o rampart_n and_o so_o large_a in_o compass_n that_o it_o be_v three_o hour_n journey_n round_o which_o i_o may_v very_o well_o compute_v at_o six_o english_a mile_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o rodawn_n on_o the_o other_o side_n it_o have_v a_o strong_a fort_n wherein_o there_o be_v common_o keep_v a_o garrison_n of_o 1000_o soldier_n it_o be_v impossible_a this_o city_n shall_v be_v bombard_v from_o the_o sea_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o distance_n from_o it_o but_o from_o the_o neighbour_a hill_n it_o may_v and_o therefore_o some_o work_n be_v raise_v there_o and_o always_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o soldier_n with_o store_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n place_v in_o they_o for_o its_o great_a security_n town_n this_o city_n be_v at_o present_a a_o famous_a mart_n and_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a of_o the_o hanse-town_n be_v altogether_o govern_v by_o its_o own_o law_n though_o under_o protection_n of_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n from_o which_o it_o have_v a_o castellan_n appoint_v over_o it_o half_a of_o the_o suburb_n belong_v to_o that_o crown_n and_o the_o other_o half_a to_o the_o city_n for_o in_o some_o part_n the_o crown-land_n reach_v to_o the_o suburb_n but_o in_o other_o the_o city-land_n go_v several_a miles_n together_o into_o the_o country_n garden_n there_o be_v twenty_o parish_n in_o the_o city_n and_o the_o suburb_n the_o house_n be_v general_o of_o brick_n and_o the_o street_n most_o common_o very_o large_a and_o well_o pave_v though_o somewhat_o dirty_a in_o winter_n as_o most_o of_o the_o town_n in_o poland_n be_v the_o chief_a part_n of_o the_o city_n call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n die_v rechte_v stadt_n be_v build_v by_o conrade_n wallenrodt_n master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_n about_o the_o year_n 1388._o there_o be_v no_o garden_n in_o the_o city_n but_o nevertheless_o several_a very_a fine_a and_o large_a
and_o those_o of_o curland_n on_o the_o other_o after_o this_o the_o envoy_n be_v permit_v to_o sit_v down_o to_o cover_v his_o head_n and_o have_v great_a civility_n pay_v he_o power_n this_o duke_n have_v all_o the_o regalia_z that_o the_o german_a sovereign_a prince_n have_v he_o coin_n money_n in_o his_o own_o name_n and_o have_v high_a and_o low_a justice_n over_o the_o nobleman_n of_o his_o country_n only_o in_o some_o extraordinary_a case_n appeal_n may_v be_v make_v to_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n court_n he_o have_v great_a demesn_n of_o which_o his_o revenue_n chief_o consist_v and_o keep_v a_o very_a pretty_a court_n have_v all_o his_o great_a officer_n as_o other_o prince_n have_v the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v officer_n the_o landhoff-meist_a or_o chief_a minister_n the_o high_a chancellor_n the_o supreme_a marshal_n and_o the_o supreme_a burgrave_n these_o be_v the_o four_o great_a state_n officer_n the_o more_o inferior_a be_v the_o councillor_n of_o state_n which_o be_v the_o supreme_a starostas_n whereof_o two_o be_v for_o curland_n viz._n the_o supreme_a starostas_n of_o goldingen_n and_o tuczkon_n and_o two_o for_o semigallia_n viz._n the_o supreme_a starostas_n of_o mittaw_n and_o selburg_n stagostas_n these_o staâ—ostas_n ought_v all_o to_o be_v noble_a native_n and_o landed-man_n next_o follow_v the_o governor_n of_o place_n military-officer_n etc._n etc._n gentry_n the_o gentry_n of_o this_o country_n be_v very_o ancient_a and_o very_a free_a be_v exceed_o jealous_a of_o suffer_v any_o upstart_n nobleman_n to_o come_v among_o they_o esteem_v nothing_o so_o much_o as_o ancient_a family_n and_o creation_n order_n before_o i_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o far_a account_n of_o this_o country_n i_o must_v add_v a_o word_n or_o two_o more_o concern_v the_o livonian_a order_n and_o which_o i_o can_v not_o have_v do_v before_o unless_o i_o have_v break_v the_o chain_n of_o the_o connection_n choose_v the_o provincial_a master_n of_o this_o order_n be_v wont_a to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o great_a chapter_n of_o prussia_n whereupon_o when_o in_o the_o year_n 1439._o the_o livonian_a knight_n have_v elect_v one_o henry_n a_o bukenode_n for_o their_o master_n they_o be_v force_v to_o give_v a_o reason_n for_o their_o have_v so_o do_v and_o notwithstanding_o be_v afterward_o oblige_v to_o submit_v to_o a_o new_a election_n in_o prussia_n comendador_n next_o the_o provincial_a master_n of_o the_o livonian_a order_n be_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o order_n after_o who_o come_v the_o several_a commendador_n and_o the_o advocate_n the_o commendador_n be_v in_o number_n eleven_o whereof_o the_o two_o first_o be_v in_o curland_n and_o the_o three_o in_o semigallia_n order_n the_o advocate_n be_v nine_o two_o have_v be_v of_o curland_n and_o one_o of_o semigallia_n these_o knight_n have_v the_o title_n of_o the_o order_n of_o sword-bearer_n and_o their_o habit_n arm_n be_v a_o white_a mantle_n with_o a_o sword_n on_o the_o breast_n in_o pale_a and_o a_o star_n gules_a in_o chief_a but_o after_o their_o join_n with_o the_o teutonick_n order_n they_o have_v likewise_o their_o habit_n and_o cross_n curland_n for_o a_o geographical_a description_n of_o this_o country_n i_o must_v acquaint_v you_o sir_n that_o the_o two_o dutchy_n of_o curland_n and_o semigallia_n have_v these_o several_a principal_a city_n and_o town_n for_o i_o can_v meet_v with_o any_o sub-division_n into_o jalatinate_n or_o district_n as_o i_o have_v perform_v in_o poland_n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o curland_n be_v the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n of_o goldingen_n cap._n vinda_n bish_n pilten_n liba_n erdwalen_n angermund_n grubin_n tuczkon_v frawenburg_n vschwend_n talsen_n candaw_n durben_n hasenpot_n and_o oendange_v goldingen_n of_o all_o which_o the_o chief_a city_n be_v goldingen_n in_o latin_a goldinga_n a_o city_n that_o stand_v on_o the_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n weet_v about_o seven_o german_a mile_n from_o vinda_n or_o windaw_n to_o the_o west_n and_o near_o fifteen_o from_o mittaw_n in_o semigallia_n to_o the_o east_n this_o city_n have_v a_o large_a jurisdiction_n vinda_n vinda_n or_o windaw_n call_v by_o the_o pole_n kiescz_n be_v a_o city_n and_o palatinate_n it_o have_v a_o castle_n knight_n build_v on_o the_o seashore_n and_o which_o be_v former_o residence_n to_o the_o livonian_a knight_n as_o likewise_o the_o place_n where_o they_o convene_v their_o parliament_n or_o general_n assembly_n now_o it_o have_v usual_o a_o garrison_n of_o pole_n but_o which_o be_v nevertheless_o under_o command_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n this_o city_n be_v one_o of_o the_o seaport_n of_o curland_n the_o other_o be_v liba_n pilten_n pilten_a be_v a_o town_n and_o palatinate_n of_o this_o duchy_n who_o gentry_n be_v protestant_n and_o offer_v themselves_o to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n protection_n he_o endeavour_v to_o re-establish_a a_o popish_a bishop_n there_o this_o have_v former_o be_v a_o catholic_n bishopric_n who_o land_n they_o then_o possess_v whereupon_o they_o alter_v their_o resolution_n and_o forthwith_o submit_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n curland_n these_o be_v the_o rich_a gentry_n in_o this_o prince_n dominion_n whereof_o the_o principal_a family_n be_v those_o of_o maydel_n beher_n sacken_n mandevil_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o duchy_n of_o semigallia_n be_v the_o city_n and_o town_n of_o mittaw_n metropolis_n of_o these_o dominion_n bauske_n doblin_n selburg_n radziwiliski_n nithaw_n birze_n pozwole_v lunka_n dalen_n schudding_n pilkall_n beher_n nersten_a and_o salatt_n of_o all_o which_o the_o capital_a of_o this_o duchy_n and_o metropolis_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n dominion_n be_v mittaw_n mittaw_fw-mi in_o latin_a mittavia_n or_o mittovia_n the_o usual_a place_n of_o residence_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o curland_n this_o city_n be_v build_v on_o the_o river_n musza_n and_o be_v a_o pretty_a large_a place_n contain_v about_o twelve_o thousand_o inhabitant_n it_o have_v a_o weak_a wall_n though_o nevertheless_o a_o well_o castle_n fortify_v and_o stately_a castle_n with_o two_o bastion_n which_o be_v surround_v by_o marsh_n and_o defend_v by_o a_o strong_a and_o numerous_a garrison_n house_n the_o street_n of_o this_o city_n be_v not_o pave_v for_o want_v of_o stone_n and_o the_o citizen_n house_n be_v either_o of_o brick_n or_o timber_n as_o in_o poland_n place_n this_o place_n lie_v about_o seven_o polish_v miles_n from_o riga_n in_o regal_a livonia_n and_o only_o four_o from_o the_o prontier_n of_o samogitia_n conquer_a it_o have_v be_v twice_o take_v of_o late_a by_o the_o swede_n but_o have_v be_v since_o regain_v and_o be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o its_o duke_n bauske_n bauske_n another_o strong_a city_n in_o this_o duchy_n which_o have_v a_o well_o fortify_v castle_n and_o a_o numerous_a garrison_n curland_n the_o religion_n of_o this_o country_n be_v general_o lutheran_n though_o there_o be_v some_o few_o roman_a catholic_n and_o calvinist_n there_o church_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o first_o the_o late_a duke_n at_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n request_n give_v leave_v for_o the_o build_n of_o two_o roman_n catholic_n church_n one_o at_o mittaw_n and_o the_o other_o at_o goldingen_n the_o jesuit_n pretend_v to_o have_v buy_v this_o cureteship_n of_o mittaw_n and_o upon_o that_o account_n to_o have_v settle_v there_o but_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v frequent_o oppress_v and_o their_o college_n be_v break_v down_o not_o long_o since_o yet_o notwithstanding_o they_o still_o subsist_v mittaw_n the_o duchess_n of_o curland_n have_v be_v all_o hitherto_o calvinist_n have_v always_o have_v one_o church_n at_o mittaw_n set_v a_o part_n for_o they_o and_o their_o religion_n where_o the_o calvinist_n and_o protestant_n of_o livonia_n as_o likewise_o the_o english_a merchant_n of_o riga_n come_v to_o exercise_n their_o devotion_n there_o be_v no_o liberty_n of_o conscience_n allow_v throughout_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n except_o at_o stockholm_n only_o where_o the_o french_a huguenot_n have_v be_v permit_v to_o build_v a_o church_n curland_n as_o to_o the_o government_n of_o curland_n there_o be_v first_o parliament_n the_o parliament_n or_o general_a assembly_n of_o the_o state_n of_o this_o duteby_n which_o be_v convene_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o duke_n as_o often_o as_o any_o urgency_n of_o state_n so_o require_v it_o send_v out_o his_o letter_n of_o summons_n to_o all_o the_o starostas_fw-la of_o his_o dominion_n together_o with_o a_o schedule_n of_o the_o point_n propose_v to_o be_v debate_v on_o require_v they_o and_o every_o of_o they_o to_o cause_v deputy_n or_o representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n to_o be_v forth_o with_o elect_v in_o their_o respective_a jurisdiction_n whereupon_o they_o be_v soon_o elect_v according_o and_o furnish_v with_o instruction_n from_o their_o elector_n how_o they_o shall_v behave_v themselves_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o in_o poland_n these_o afterward_o meet_v at_o mittaw_n together_o with_o the_o four_o supreme_a counsellor_n consult_v
over_o his_o pretension_n 208._o etc._n etc._n cujavia_n territory_n division_n into_o palatinate_n 234._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n cracovia_n palatinate_n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 237._o city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o several_a description_n 238_o etc._n etc._n castellan_n power_n 248._o czentochova_n a_o town_n famous_a for_o a_o convent_n 244._o cruswick_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 235._o culm_n pal._n join_v by_o the_o territory_n of_o michalovia_n 260._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o several_a description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n culm_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 260._o caminiec_fw-la city_n it_o be_v description_n 275._o build_v 320._o chelm_fw-ge pal._n division_n into_o district_n 282._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n their_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n chelm_fw-ge city_n it_o be_v description_n 282._o crasnistaw_fw-mi town_n it_o be_v description_n 282._o d._n denmark_n it_o be_v king_n take_v prisoner_n ii_o dantzic_n make_v a_o city_n 39_o dantzicker_n reduce_v 89_o etc._n etc._n first_o allow_v a_o vote_n 120._o deputy_n first_o admit_v to_o the_o diet_n 65._o diet._n convened_a 85_o 101_o 119_o 124_o 140_o 154_o 205._o dobrina_n pal._n in_o what_o abound_v 289._o division_n into_o district_n ibid._n chief_a city_n and_o town_n 290._o their_o description_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n dobrina_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 290._o e._n election_n by_o horse-race_n 15._o peaceable_n 118._o of_o sigisimund_n de_fw-fr vasa_n 106._o of_o uladislaus_n vii_o 119._o of_o john_n casimir_n 124._o of_o michael_n wiesnowiski_n 144._o of_o john_n sobieski_n 155._o ambassador_n admit_v to_o audience_n 105_o 120_o 141_o 159._o elbing_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 263._o f._n family_n of_o lechus_n 11_o etc._n etc._n cracus_n from_o 12_o to_o 14._o leschus_n ii_o from_o 15_o to_o 17._o piastus_n from_o 21_o to_o 57_o jagello_n from_o 58_o to_o 82._o faction_n lutheran_n and_o catholic_n 102._o not_o to_o be_v unite_v 103._o the_o former_a mutiny_n ibid._n suppress_v ibid._n three_o faction_n 103._o lutheran_n policy_n 105._o frederic_n august_n king_n elect_v 207._o take_v possession_n of_o cracow_n ibid._n crown_n d_o ibid._n reason_n why_o he_o be_v likely_a to_o restore_v poland_n 209._o first_o german_n prince_n that_o have_v be_v king_n ibid._n g._n great_a poland_n province_n it_o be_v division_n 220._o palatinate_v 221._o their_o several_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n their_o arm_n 226_o etc._n etc._n gnesna_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 223._o great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n their_o several_a life_n from_o 310_o to_o 324._o grodno_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 329._o h._n henry_n i._n elect_v and_o dethrone_v 48._o appoint_v a_o successor_n in_o vain_a ibid._n hedwigis_fw-la queen_n come_v into_o poland_n 58_o be_v crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n have_v several_a suitor_n ibid._n marry_v jagello_n 59_o dies_z ibid._n henry_n of_o valois_n king_n send_v for_o by_o the_o diet_n 85._o agree_v to_o article_n and_o take_v a_o oath_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n be_v crown_v 86._o abdicate_v poland_n 87._o embassy_n send_v after_o he_o in_o vain_a ibid._n house_n of_o austria_n jealous_a of_o sigismond_n i_n greatness_n 71._o raise_v enemy_n against_o he_o ibid._n how_o come_v by_o hungary_n bohemia_n and_o silesia_n ibid._n habit_n of_o the_o pole_n 177._o heilsberg_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 263._o halicz_n town_n it_o be_v description_n 271._o i._o jagello_n great_a duke_n of_o lithuania_n become_v christian_a 59_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n and_o how_o long_o reign_v ibid._n convert_v the_o lithuanian_n ibid._n find_v the_o university_n of_o cracow_n ibid._n his_o war_n ibid._n death_n and_o issue_n 60._o john_n albert_n king_n his_o character_n 66._o policy_n and_o army_n defeat_v ibid._n make_v peace_n with_o the_o valachian_n and_o turk_n 67._o his_o death_n ibid._n john_n casimir_n king_n lead_v a_o religious_a life_n and_o make_v cardinal_n 124._o his_o character_n and_o travel_n 126._o like_a to_o be_v exclude_v ibid._n etc._n etc._n elect_v 128._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o war_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n suedish_n king_n invade_v poland_n 139._o wherefore_o 131._o motive_n and_o mean_n of_o casimir_n abdication_n 134._o his_o death_n 135._o his_o epitaph_n 136._o john_n basilowitz_n czar_n of_o muscovy_n be_v a_o great_a tyrant_n and_o his_o variety_n of_o torture_n 78._o john_n iii_o sobieski_n elect_v in_o the_o year_n 1674_o 163._o his_o father_n and_o mother_n ibid._n his_o travel_n 164._o his_o marriage_n ibid._n his_o generosity_n 165._o zeal_n to_o arm_n discourage_v 166._o war_n with_o the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n 167_o etc._n etc._n a_o battle_n 169._o his_o coronation_n 172._o he_o relieve_v vienna_n 173._o defeat_v the_o turk_n 174._o his_o entry_n through_o the_o breach_n 175._o pursue_v the_o enemy_n ibid._n take_v zytehin_n in_o hungary_n 176._o enter_v into_o a_o league_n against_o the_o turk_n 177._o be_v immoderate_o covetous_a ibid._n his_o person_n and_o dress_n ibid._n his_o character_n 179._o engage_v dr._n connor_n in_o a_o dispute_n ibid._n his_o building_n 184._o care_v of_o his_o child_n 185._o his_o great_a riches_n ibid._n fortune_n former_o and_o gradual_a promotion_n 150_o his_o sister_n 198_o what_o issue_n she_o leave_v 200._o account_v of_o the_o king_n distemper_n from_o the_o bishop_n of_o plosko_fw-mi 201_o etc._n etc._n the_o king_n death_n 204._o reflection_n on_o his_o disease_n ibid._n inter_fw-la regnum_fw-la before_o the_o present_a king_n election_n 205._o inowlocz_n pal._n division_n into_o district_n 235._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ibid._n k._n king_n of_o poland_n his_o policy_n 8._o the_o first_o 9_o 25._o four_o class_n of_o king_n 10._o title_n cease_v 30._o restore_v 48._o king_n of_o sueden_n enter_v into_o a_o league_n with_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n 132._o koningsberg_n in_o regal_a prussia_n build_v 45._o it_o be_v description_n 264._o kalisch_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 226._o kalisch_n pal._n its_o arm_n 227._o kiovia_n pal._n how_o bound_v 277._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 278._o their_o description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n kiow_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 278._o l._n law_n what_o former_o in_o poland_n 5._o lechus_n i._n 10._o find_v poland_n 5._o build_v posnan_n and_o gnesna_n 6._o occasion_n poland_n the_o name_n of_o lechia_n ib._n his_o posterity_n how_o long_o reign_v 11_o 12._o ii_o his_o banishment_n and_o death_n 13._o lescus_n i._n 14._o elect_v by_o a_o stratagem_n ib._n reign_n and_o death_n uncertain_a 15._o ii_o how_o elect_v 14._o his_o death_n 15._o iii_o his_o death_n uncertain_a 16._o iv._o his_o character_n and_o death_n 23._o v._o surname_v the_o white_a 39_o under_o guardian_n ib._n his_o war_n 40._o be_v dethrone_v ib._n restore_v ib._n dethrone_v again_o 41_o put_v by_o a_o election_n ib._n etc._n etc._n re-establish_v 42._o murder_a in_o a_o bath_n ib._n vi_o when_o elect_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 46._o his_o war_n ib._n insurrection_n against_o he_o ib._n retire_v into_o hungary_n 47._o return_v with_o success_n ib._n his_o death_n ib._n leave_v his_o kingdom_n in_o distraction_n ib._n lasconâ—gus_n vide_fw-la uladislaus_n iii_o locticus_n vide_fw-la uladislaus_n iu._n lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n when_o crown_v and_o how_o long_o reign_v 56._o oblige_a to_o take_v a_o oath_n ib_n return_v into_o hungary_n ib._n his_o war_n death_n and_o issue_n 57_o commendable_a example_n of_o he_o ib._n leopol_n city_n whence_o so_o call_v 46._o it_o be_v description_n 267._o luther_n doctrine_n when_o first_o know_v here_o 70._o very_o much_o propagate_v 78._o the_o occasion_n ib._n first_o person_n of_o note_n that_o embrace_v it_o ib._n lutheran_n contend_v for_o share_v in_o the_o government_n 101._o obtain_v perpetual_a liberty_n of_o conscience_n ib_n etc._n etc._n lutheran_n party_n dissent_v 107._o elect_v and_o proclaim_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n 〈◊〉_d 2_o pronounce_v traitor_n by_o the_o diet_n 108._o lithuanid_n tend_v towards_o a_o civil_a war_n 160._o how_o call_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n 302._o present_v bound_n ib._n ancient_a extent_n ib._n soil_n and_o product_n ib._n &c_n &c_n union_n with_o poland_n and_o privilege_n 303._o division_n ib._n its_o arm_n ib._n different_a opinion_n about_o its_o name_n 304._o its_o duke_n from_o 305_o to_o 310._o division_n into_o palatinate_n 324._o lithuanid_v proper_a province_n 325._o lesser-poland_n province_n its_o bound_n 236._o it_o be_v division_n into_o pal._n ib._n etc._n etc._n their_o several_a arm_n 249_o 254_o 257._o lowitz_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 231._o lanschet_fw-mi pal._n it_o be_v division_n into_o district_n 232_o chief_a city_n and_o town_n ib._n lanschet_fw-mi city_n it_o be_v description_n 232._o lublin_n pal._n join_v by_o the_o territory_n of_o lukovia_n 254._o chief_a city_n and_o town_n 255._o their_o several_a description_n ib._n etc._n etc._n lublin_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 255._o lutzk_n city_n it_o be_v description_n 295._o m._n
general_n of_o the_o clergy_n how_o often_o and_o where_o convene_v 115._o minor_a clergy_n admit_v by_o deputy_n ib._n court_n of_o justice_n the_o kaptur_n what_o and_o its_o power_n 115._o ecclesiastical_a 116._o of_o nunciature_n ib._n high_a tribunal_n ib._n etc._n etc._n senate_n and_o green-cloth_n 117._o exchequer-court_n ib._n of_o land-judicature_n with_o its_o judge_n 118._o of_o the_o vice-chamberlain_n ib._n gentry_n criminal_a court_n 119._o commonalty-court_n in_o city_n ib._n in_o village_n 120._o where_o court_v of_o justice_n cease_v 129._o exception_n ib._n relate_v to_o court_n of_o justice_n in_o lithuania_n 224_o former_a judge_n there_o 225._o candidate_n for_o election_n what_o qualification_n require_v in_o he_o 140_o etc._n etc._n ceremony_n of_o the_o king_n swear_v to_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la 149_o etc._n etc._n of_o his_o enter_v cracow_n 154._o the_o interment_n of_o a_o decease_a king_n 155._o obsequy_n and_o procession_n 154._o procession_n at_o the_o coronation_n 156._o ceremony_n thereat_o ib._n farther_n particular_n ib._n etc._n etc._n coronation-oath_n 157._o word_n at_o kiss_v the_o book_n 159._o unction_n etc._n etc._n ib._n etc._n etc._n how_o pronounce_v king_n 161._o feast_n thereupon_o ibid._n ceremony_n of_o creation_n of_o teutonic_n knight_n 71._o *_o coronation_n king_n appoint_v the_o day_n 153._o place_n fix_v ib._n exception_n ib._n by_o who_o perform_v 155._o manner_n of_o crown_v 160._o enthron_v ibid._n curland_n bishop_n of_o vide_fw-la samogitia_n bishop_n of_o curland_n duchy_n its_o bound_n and_o extent_n 99_o *_o soil_v and_o former_a state_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o when_o whole_o conquer_v 100_o *_o convert_v by_o degree_n ib._n *_n its_o duke_n 105_o etc._n etc._n *_o duke_n vassal_n to_o poland_n 115_o *_o his_o privilege_n and_o power_n 116_o *_o revenue_n and_o court_n ibid._n *_o chief_z officer_n ibid._n *_o condition_n of_o gentry_n ib._n 117_o *_o geographical_a description_n 118_o *_o government_n 121_o *_o degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n 122_o *_o ecclesiastical_a court_n 123_o *_o city-court_n ibid._n *_o ministerial_a officer_n ibid._n *_o trade_n of_o curland_n ibid._n *_o corn_n in_o great_a request_n ibid._n *_o when_o curland_n be_v to_o revert_v to_o poland_n ibid._n *_o d._n diet_n grand_a of_o poland_n how_o resemble_v the_o english_a parliament_n 5._o what_o it_o be_v 6_o 83._o it_o be_v power_n ib._n by_o who_o call_v and_o where_o and_o how_o often_o meet_v ib._n manner_n of_o call_v it_o and_o proceed_n thereupon_o 84._o divide_v into_o three_o nation_n 91._o proceed_n at_o the_o open_n 95._o after_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o speaker_n ib._n proceed_n in_o the_o low_a house_n 96._o conference_n between_o the_o two_o house_n 95._o upper_a house_n how_o employ_v 96._o committee_n ib._n manner_n of_o break_v up_o session_n in_o the_o low_a house_n ib._n both_o house_n join_v ib._n diet_n session_n limit_v and_o wherefore_o 98_o etc._n etc._n matter_n general_o treat_v of_o 99_o great_a concourse_n there_o 101._o provision_n not_o scarce_o ib._n dangerous_a to_o be_v out_o a_o night_n 102._o visit_n unacceptable_a ib._n order_n of_o session_n in_o the_o diet_n ibid._n etc._n etc._n cause_n of_o disunion_n here_o 105._o by_o who_o soment_v ib._n great_a freedom_n of_o speech_n 108._o policy_n of_o conclude_a matter_n by_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n 110._o diet_n of_o convocation_n how_o summon_v 126._o proceed_v in_o little_a diet_n ib._n first_o proceed_n in_o this_o diet_n 128._o diet_n of_o election_n where_o hold_v etc._n etc._n 131_o etc._n etc._n first_o proceed_n there_o 133._o exorbitancy_n examine_v 135._o diet_n proceed_v to_o election_n 137_o etc._n etc._n farther_n particular_n thereof_o 138_o etc._n etc._n great_a concourse_n there_o and_o policy_n to_o bias_n they_o 139_o etc._n etc._n rule_n observe_v in_o election_n 141._o poland_n why_o preserve_v elective_a 142_o etc._n etc._n diet_n little_a where_o meet_v 84._o qualification_n for_o and_o manner_n of_o vote_v there_o 89._o proceed_n 90._o deputy_n representative_n of_o the_o gentry_n elect_v only_o by_o the_o gentry_n 6._o assume_v great_a liberty_n in_o the_o diet_n 34_o etc._n etc._n who_o and_o how_o many_o choose_a with_o their_o instruction_n 90._o how_o choose_v 91._o their_o number_n ib._n can_v be_v senator_n ib._n their_o salary_n ib._n when_o first_o send_v ib._n their_o power_n 95._o confirm_v and_o encourage_v ib._n their_o privilege_n 95_o etc._n etc._n how_o long_o sit_v 96._o have_v great_a guard_n at_o the_o diet_n 102._o awe_o the_o king_n and_o senate_n 104._o their_o business_n after_o diet_n of_o convocation_n 131._o dantzic_n privilege_n 23_o *_o where_o situate_a by_o who_o build_v and_o whence_o so_o call_v 42_o *_o how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o division_n and_o strength_n 43_o *_o one_o of_o the_o hanse-town_n ib._n *_n parish_n building_n street_n and_o garden_n 44_o *_o inhabitant_n their_o number_n and_o religion_n ib._n *_n church_n and_o town-house_n ib._n *_n magazine_n college_n exchange_n etc._n etc._n 45._o *_o jurisdiction_n and_o government_n ib._n *_n senator_n and_o their_o division_n ib._n *_n scabin_n syndic_n and_o burgrave_n 46_o *_o centum-viri_a and_o their_o power_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o city_n power_n and_o privilege_n 48_o *_o force_v by_o land_n and_o sea_n 49_o *_o how_o often_o take_v and_o regain_v 50_o *_o admit_v to_o vote_n in_o election_n of_o polish_v king_n 51_o *_o dutchy_n what_o in_o poland_n 174._o descent_n nature_n of_o they_o in_o poland_n 180._o child_n support_v their_o family_n however_o 181._o divine_n polish_v how_o far_o their_o learning_n extend_v 78._o *_o their_o divinity_n 79._o *_o e._n escheator_n his_o power_n 77._o ambassador_n send_v to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n 129._o notify_v their_o arrival_n and_o how_o be_v receive_v ib._n etc._n etc._n 135_o etc._n etc._n other_o send_v from_o the_o republic_n 130._o caution_n to_o foreign_a minister_n ib._n etc._n etc._n what_o requisite_a in_o foreign_a minister_n 136._o what_o foreign_a ambassador_n be_v oblige_v to_o 179._o election_n decree_n of_o present_v the_o king_n 150._o exercise_n what_o practise_v in_o poland_n 202._o edibles_fw-fr what_o sort_v use_v among_o the_o pole_n 209._o odd_a dainty_n 210._o pottage_n and_o sauce_n 215._o crachat_n what_o and_o how_o make_v 216._o edibles_fw-fr among_o the_o rustic_n of_o lithuania_n 227._o meat_n and_o drink_n of_o the_o peasant_n in_o prussia_n 235._o f._n fast_n in_o poland_n how_o observe_v 51._o pole_n retain_v a_o rigid_a custom_n and_o wherefore_o 52._o faction_n foreign_a what_o promote_v they_o 106._o fashion_n present_v in_o poland_n 196._o what_o fur_n use_v ib._n some_o follow_v the_o french_a mode_n 197._o woman_n former_a and_o late_a fashion_n ib._n etc._n etc._n family_n polish_v what_o 202._o fowl_n sort_n in_o poland_n 211_o etc._n etc._n fish_n what_o kind_n the_o pole_n have_v 212._o feast_n custom_n thereat_o 216._o banquetting-hall_n ib._n etc._n etc._n particular_n of_o servant_n there_o 217._o feast_n make_v by_o turn_v 218._o foot_n polish_v what_o and_o how_o employ_v 13_o *_o hire_a and_o their_o condition_n ib._n etc._n etc._n *_o why_o so_o much_o use_v and_o arm_n and_o livery_n 14_o *_o hungarian_n when_o first_o hire_v 16_o *_o force_v polish_v cause_n that_o weaken_v it_o 18_o etc._n etc._n *_o other_o inconvenience_n that_o suppress_v it_o 21_o etc._n etc._n *_o mean_v to_o avoid_v these_o but_o overrule_v 24_o *_o g._n gentry_n polish_v court_v by_o european_a prince_n 3._o resolve_v thereupon_o 4._o equal_o noble_a 5._o seldom_o intermarry_v with_o commonalty_n ibid._n only_o capable_a of_o preferment_n 20_o 167._o have_v not_o equal_a claim_n to_o every_o preferment_n ib._n etc._n etc._n how_o keep_v in_o dependence_n on_o the_o king_n 22._o what_o prove_v equality_n among_o they_o 103._o no_o disgrace_n to_o be_v chastise_v 123._o their_o power_n and_o privilege_n 168._o can_v be_v apprehend_v till_o convict_v 168_o etc._n etc._n exception_n 169._o can_v be_v execute_v without_o the_o king_n consent_n 170._o need_v not_o quarter_v soldier_n ib._n etc._n etc._n other_o privilege_n 171._o need_v not_o pay_v tax_n till_o oblige_v by_o diet_n ib._n have_v pre-emption_a 172._o have_v one_o grievance_n ib._n how_o come_v by_o their_o privilege_n 172._o value_n no_o honour_n and_o why_o 173._o despise_v title_n of_o prince_n ib._n assume_v title_n when_o they_o travel_v 174._o further_a power_n 175._o what_o make_v they_o so_o great_a ib._n etc._n etc._n their_o excessive_a grandeur_n and_o magnificence_n 176._o gentry_n and_o citizen_n in_o lithuania_n 225._o gentry_n how_o far_o oblige_v to_o march_n 15_o *_o gentleman_n polish_v who_o 5._o gentlemen-pensioner_n 29._o a_o gentleman_n how_o make_v 188._o government_n mix_v establish_v in_o poland_n by_o what_o motive_n 6_o etc._n etc._n unhappy_a state_n of_o polish_v government_n 109._o a_o wonder_n how_o it_o can_v subsist_v 110._o
the_o gentry_n and_o citizen_n rustic_n and_o their_o condition_n work_v on_o sunday_n pay_v rigid_a duty_n etc._n etc._n their_o edible_n and_o custom_n at_o grind_a corn._n their_o habit_n carriage_n and_o how_o make_v house_n employment_n within_o and_o without_o door_n why_o little_a horse_n here_o qualification_n for_o marriage_n character_n of_o these_o rustic_n samogitia_n differ_v from_o lithuania_n sturdy_n drinker_n reward_v proof_n of_o great_a age._n people_z more_o robu_v here_o manner_n in_o husbandry_n strange_a way_n of_o prune_v tree_n peculiar_a manner_n of_o sow_v way_n of_o order_v corn._n peculiar_a custom_n in_o prusia_n habitation_n and_o furniture_n meat_n and_o drink_n the_o pospolite_n or_o polish_v militia_n who_o oblige_v to_o serve_v in_o the_o horse_n who_o in_o the_o foot_n and_o penalty_n for_o neglect_v in_o both_o who_o be_v excuse_v from_o serve_v the_o great_a number_n of_o the_o pospolife_o former_o and_o now_o the_o manner_n of_o their_o be_v raise_v and_o muster_v thing_n require_v in_o vain_a of_o the_o polish_v cavalry_n meet_v at_o the_o general_n rendezvous_n a_o division_n of_o the_o army_n and_o first_o of_o the_o horse_n heavy_a arm_v light_a horse_n a_o division_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o further_a account_n of_o the_o cosack_n proceed_n in_o their_o counsel_n of_o war_n way_n of_o fortify_v their_o camp_n and_o bo_n their_o power_n what_o the_o polish_v foot_n be_v and_o how_o employ_v hire_a foot_n and_o their_o condition_n why_o so_o much_o use_v and_o their_o arm_n and_o livery_n gentry_z how_o far_o oblige_v to_o march_n with_o other_o particular_n hungarian_a foot_n when_o first_o hire_v auxiliary_n what_o example_n quartarians_n what_o and_o whence_o so_o call_v volunteer_n what_o in_o poland_n example_n select_v out_o of_o the_o gentry_n cause_n that_o weaken_v the_o polish_v force_n four_o thing_n require_v to_o defend_v a_o state_n manner_n of_o pay_v the_o army_n the_o rokosz_n and_o its_o manner_n of_o proceed_v example_n other_o inconvenience_n which_o suppress_v the_o pole_n power_n mean_v propose_v to_o avoid_v these_o inconvenience_n but_o ever-ruâ—ed_a â—reat_a force_n of_o cavalry_n notwithstanding_o with_o example_n two_o quality_n necessary_a in_o war._n soldier_n pay_v from_o what_o it_o arise_v and_o how_o raise_v provision_n and_o ammunition_n what_o gun-founder_n foreign_a for_o fortification_n pretend_a advantage_n thereby_o general_n their_o power_n and_o duration_n lieutenant_z generals_z their_o power_n other_o general_n officer_n other_o officer_n of_o the_o army_n some_o few_o particular_n of_o the_o pole_n jus_fw-la belli_n pole_n not_o much_o incline_v to_o trade_n and_o why_o commidity_n export_v and_o import_v but_o little_a money_n and_o why_o coin_n most_o current_a in_o poland_n contribute_v to_o poverty_n other_o coin_n pole_n not_o very_o rich_a and_o why_o particular_n of_o trade_n concern_v salt_n no_o full_a or_o papermill_n concern_v leather_n and_o fish_n manner_n of_o fish_v honey_n and_o its_o produce_v former_a trade_n of_o prussia_n â—antzic_a here_o siâ—ate_a by_o who_o build_v and_o whence_o so_o call_v how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n it_o be_v division_n and_o strength_n one_o of_o the_o hanse_fw-mi town_n parish_n building_n street_n and_o garden_n inhabitant_n their_o number_n and_o religion_n church_n town-house_n three_o magazine_n a_o college_n exchange_n etc._n etc._n jurisdiction_n and_o government_n senator_n and_o their_o division_n the_o twelve_o scabin_n and_o syndic_n burgrave_n to_o represent_v the_o king_n centumviri_n their_o power_n manner_n of_o elect_v and_o ordain_v priest_n four_o roman_a catholic_n church_n king_n power_n and_o revenue_n here_o city-power_n and_o privilege_n force_v by_o land_n and_o sea_n first_o coin_n in_o prussia_n present_a coin_n in_o dantzic_n how_o often_o take_v and_o regain_v admit_v to_o vote_n in_o election_n of_o polish_v king_n origin_n of_o teutonic_n order_n who_o build_v their_o hospital_n of_o jerusalem_n their_o order_n confirm_v and_o by_o what_o title_n another_o hospital_n with_o their_o removal_n into_o germany_n and_o prussia_n marienburg_n build_v for_o sake_n prussia_n and_o wherefore_o their_o statute_n habit_n number_n and_o manner_n be_v much_o favour_v by_o several_a prince_n great_a master_n in_o prussia_n i_o great_a master_n 1190._o two_o great_a master_n 1200._o iii_o great_a master_n 1206._o iv_o great_a master_n 1210._o v_o great_a master_n 1240._o vi_o great_a master_n 1252._o vii_o great_a master_n 1263._o viii_o great_a master_n 1275._o ix_o great_a master_n 1283._o x_o great_a master_n 1290._o xi_o great_a master_n 1297._o xii_o great_a master_n 1307._o xiii_o great_a master_n 1309._o fourteen_o great_a master_n 1322._o xv_o great_a master_n 1325._o xvi_o great_a master_n 1329._o xvii_o great_a master_n 1339._o xviii_o great_a master_n 1342._o xix_o great_a master_n 1348._o xx_o great_a master_n 1379._o xxi_o great_a master_n 1388._o xxii_o great_a master_n 1394._o xxiii_o great_a master_n 1404._o xxiv_o great_a master_n 1406._o xxv_o great_a master_n 1414._o xxvi_o great_a master_n 1323._o xxvii_o great_a master_n 1432._o xxviii_o great_a master_n 1450._o xxix_o great_a master_n 1467._o xxx_o great_a master_n 1468._o xxxi_o great_a master_n 1480._o xxxii_o great_a master_n 1489._o xxxiii_o great_a master_n 1498._o xxxiv_o great_a master_n 1512._o dantzic_n b_o siege_v by_o albert._n siege_n raise_v by_o the_o pole_n albert_n submit_v to_o sigismond_n great_a master_n in_o germany_n xxxv_o great_a master_n 1531._o xxxvi_o great_a master_n 1543._o xxxvii_o great_a master_n 1566._o xxxviii_o great_a master_n 1572._o thirty-nine_o great_a master_n 1587._o xl_o great_a master_n 1619._o xli_o great_a master_n 1624._o xlii_o great_a master_n 1627._o xliii_o great_a master_n 1644._o xliv_o great_a master_n 1664._o a_o prince_n of_o neubourg_n elect_v of_o the_o order_n ceremony_n of_o creation_n elect_v likewise_o coadjutor_n present_a state_n of_o teutonic_n order_n in_o germany_n two_o university_n chief_z study_v there_o learn_v former_o oriental_a language_n disregard_v present_a language_n in_o poland_n polish_v hard_a to_o pronounce_v reason_n why_o the_o pole_n affect_v latin_n have_v no_o solid_a learning_n how_o far_o that_o of_o divine_n extend_v their_o divinity_n lawyer_n their_o number_n and_o study_v who_o seldom_o go_v to_o law_n a_o suppose_a judgement_n on_o a_o lawyer_n physician_n and_o their_o ability_n not_o allow_v to_o study_v till_o qualify_v discourge_v learning_n natural_a observable_n and_o rarity_n of_o wood_n and_o earth_n strange_a water_n and_o their_o effect_n monstrous_a fish_n fowl_n of_o odd_a quality_n beast_n of_o strange_a kind_n rarity_n communicate_v to_o dr._n connor_n argentum_fw-la fulminans_fw-la make_v by_o chance_n other_o experiment_n dr._n bernitz'_v chsâ—t_v of_o rarity_n manner_n of_o make_v glass_n odd_a method_n of_o cure_v wound_n practise_v of_o physic_n what_o medicine_n use_v disease_n what_o venereal_a how_o cure_a by_o a_o quack_n surprise_v particular_n disease_n peculiar_a to_o the_o pole_n and_o first_o the_o plica_fw-la it_o be_v description_n unaccountableness_n symptom_n neither_o bleed_v nor_o be_v painful_a say_a to_o be_v contagious_a and_o hereditary_a common_a to_o man_n and_o beast_n superstition_n concern_v it_o and_o other_o case_n where_o most_o common_a it_o be_v cure_n by_o a_o jew_n cause_n assert_v but_o question_v another_o account_n of_o the_o plica_fw-la hair_n canular_a the_o rose_n and_o its_o cure_n present_a bound_n and_o extent_n of_o curland_n it_o be_v soil_n and_o former_a state_n when_o whole_o conquer_a convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o degree_n i_o bishop_n in_o livonia_n 1180._o two_o bp_o &_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o iii_o abp_n of_o riga_n 1194._o i_o absolute_a master_n of_o livonian_a order_n 1205._o two_o absolute_a master_n 1223._o iii_o master_n 1238._o iv_o master_n 1240._o five_o master_n 1248._o vi_o master_n 1250._o vii_o master_n viii_o master_n ix_o master_n x_o master_n xi_o master_n xii_o master_n xiii_o master_n fourteen_o master_n xv_o mast_n r_o xvi_o master_n xvii_o master_n xviii_o master_n xix_o master_n 1488._o iii_o absclute_a master_n 1513._o iv._o abso-master_n v._o absolute_a master_n vi_o absolute_a master_n 1560._o residence_n of_o this_o order_n i._o duke_n of_o curland_n 1561._o ii_o duke_n 1587._o iii_o duke_n 1602._o iv._o duke_n 1639._o discover_v tobago_n and_o enjoy_v it_o be_v deprive_v of_o it_o proposes_n mean_v to_o recover_v it_o agreement_n between_o the_o k._n of_o england_n and_o d._n of_o curland_n grant_v of_o trade_n in_o africa_n upon_o what_o condition_n grant_v of_o the_o island_n tabago_n under_o what_o consideration_n duke_n oblige_v to_o aid_v the_o king_n in_o war._n a_o letter_n send_v hereupon_o but_o with_o little_a effect_n french_z beg_v the_o island_n of_o their_o king_n a_o second_o letter_n from_o k._n charles_n a_o letter_n intercept_v the_o duke_n send_v governor_n make_v a_o contract_n with_o a_o captain_n description_n of_o tobago_n why_o necessary_a to_o be_v english_a hand_n tobacco_n whence_o so_o call_v duke_n james_n marriage_n and_o issue_n vi_o duke_n his_o marriage_n and_o issue_n 1683._o vii_o duke_n 1698._o d._n of_o curland_n vassal_n to_o poland_n his_o privilege_n and_o power_n revenue_n and_o court_n chief_z officer_n qualification_n of_o supreme_a stagostas_n condition_n of_o gentry_n addition_n concern_v livonian_n order_n principal_a master_n how_o and_o where_o choose_v marshal_n of_o the_o order_n number_n of_o comendador_n number_n of_o advocates_n title_n habit_n and_o arm_n of_o this_o order_n geographical_a description_n of_o curland_n city_n and_o town_n of_o goldingen_n vinda_n residence_n of_o knight_n pilten_n rich_a gentry_n in_o curland_n mittaw_n it_o be_v castle_n street_n and_o house_n how_o distant_a from_o other_o place_n how_o often_o conquer_a bauske_n religion_n in_o curland_n two_o roman_a catholic_n church_n calvinâ—â—_n church_n at_o mittaw_n government_n of_o curland_n the_o parliament_n court_n of_o supreme_a councillor_n degree_n of_o demand_v justice_n ecclesiastical_a court_n city_n court_n ministerial_a officer_n trade_n of_o curland_n corn_n in_o great_a request_n and_o wherefore_o where_o curland_n be_v to_o rever_n to_o poland_n