Canon from the Flanks But the Besieged planted so many upon the Faces of the Bastions the Rampart of which was very low that they ruin'd those of the Besiegers For which reason the Duke was constrain'd to raise Shoulderings to hide his Batteries and cover the Faces of the Bastions By which means his Canon got the Mastery and the Besiegers labour'd with more security to perfect their Bridge Then Bamberg found that it would not be in his Power to hinder the Mâ—at from being fill'd up and therefore knowing his Garrison to be but weak he thought it not convenient to stay till the Miners were set to work in hopes before that to make a more Advantageous Capitulation Thereupon he beat a Parley Hostages were given on both sides and the Garrison march'd out the twelfth of September to the number of five Hundred Men with two Pieces of Canon The Duke put Persan's Regiment into the Town and made Espenan Governour The winning of this Place tho more easie then the Prince foreâ—saw or expected gave great Reputaâ—ion to the Arms of France insomuch that several Cities sent their Deputiesâ— Nor did 〈◊〉 till D'Aumont summon'd 'em but sent Commissioners with their Keys to the D. who receiv'd 'em Honourably and after he had confirm'd their Priviledges sent 'em back with Order to dismiss the Imperialists and receive a French Garrison which a' Aumont had Instructions to put into the Town But the Duke could not reap himself the Fruits of the taking of Philipsburgh nor could he remove from thence before he had repair'd the Fortifications For the Enemy was at hand his Men were much lessen'd and weary'd his Canon had made great Ruins which were to be repair'd nor was the Prince in a Condition to stand Mercy who had both refresh'd and recruited his Army since his retreat from Friburgh So that all the Duke could do was to settle his Quarters in the Places along the Rhine in such a manner that the Enemy could neither regain what he had won nor force him to a General Battel He had the River on the one side the City on the other the Fort of Rhine before him and the Mersh and the Woods behind him His Army being thus Advantageously Posted he detach'd Turenne to go and attack Wormes This City is not Inferiour either in Dignity or number of Inhabitants to any of the Cities of Germany being Seated upon the Bâ—nks of the Rhine and fortifid as much as the Largeness and Situation of it would permit Duke Charles of Lorrain kept Garrison there and since the Loss of his Territories he had hardly any other Place of Retreat but that Turenne sent away the Foot his Canon and all other things necessary for his Design by Water Which done he march'd through the Palatinate with two thousand Horse and defeated six hundred Mâ—n which General Beck had sent to Frankendale The Inhabitants of Wormes also open'd their Gates and sent away the Lorrainers Thereupon Turenne continu'd his March toward Mayence and detach'd away Roze to take in Oppenheim a little City seated in a Pain ill fortifi'd but defended with a very good Castle Roze found no Resistance there and Turenne at the same time presented himself before Mayence and Lodging himself in the Subburbs sent a Trumpeâ— to those that commanded in the City with Offers of Honourable Conditions Mâ—yâ—nce is the Seat of an Archbishop who is one of the Electors and one of the Principal Cities of Germany besides that it is Large Populous and well Built considering that it lyes in a Country where good Architecture was never much known or practis'd The Situation renders it considerable being seated just opposite to the mouth of the Mein which washes one part of the Walls On the Land side it is defended by a Citadel with four Bastions But as it is usual in great Cities the Fortifications had been long neglected so that the Principal defence of the Town consisted in the number of Inhabitants not in the strength of the Ramparts At the lower end of the City upon the Bank of the Rhine stâ—nâ—s a Magnificent Câ—stle which is the Residence of the Elector In the time that this City was under the Power of the Swedes the King had caus'd a Fort of six Bastions call'd Gustawburgh to be built in that part where the two Rivers meet But the Imperialists having at length retaken Mayence the Fort was quitted by the Swedes and the Electors let it run to ruine When Vicount Turenne enter'd the Subburbs there was in thâ— Town an Imperial Garrison of eight Hundred Men Nevertheless the Elector not believing he could remain there in safety was retir'd to Hermestein so that the Chapter which has all the Authority of the Government in the Absence of the Arch-bishop caus'd all the Bodies of the City to meet together and after several Deliberations they resolv'd to send their Commissioners to the Duke of Enguien and to present the Keys of the Town to himself to make their Capitulation the more Honourable by the Quality of the Person that receiv'd ' em Turenne sent this Answer to the Duke who lay still with his Army near to Philipsburgh who thereupon departed with a Convoy of four Hundred Horse and came to Mayence in a day and a half And while both sides were drawing up the Articles of the Surrender Mercy lay posted upon the Hills between Hailbrun and Neckersulm leaving the Necker before him Hailbrume is not above fourteen Leagues from Philipsburgh and Mâ—rcy pretended from thence to put a stop to the Progress of the Duke To which purpose he detach'd Wolfs a famous Collonel among the Bavarians with two hunder'd Horse and five Hunder'd Drâ—goons to put himself into Mayence tho Wolfs could not get thither above a quarter of an hour before the Duke of Enguien So that the Trumpet which the Duke sent to give the City notice of his coming found Wolfs harangâ—ing the Townsmen and encouraging them to stand upon their own defence offering the Reinforcement which he had lefâ— on the other side of the Rhine as also the Assistance of the whole Bavarian Army which would follow him in a little time But the Inhabitants who knew the Duke was in their Subburbs stood to their Word which they had given to Turenne and after they had dismiss'd Wolfs out of the City sent their Deputies to the Duke to conclude their Treaty of Capitulation The Chapter also oblig'd themselves to send out the Garrison which they kept in Binghen a small City and to admit the French The Duke gave thâ— Government of Mayence to the Count of Courval and put a strong Garrison into the Town with all things necessary to repair the old Fortifications and make new ones Turenne likewise took Creussnack in his March and d' Aumont invested Landau with twelve hundred Foot and fifteen hundred Horse This is a City seated in a Plain four Leagues from Philipsburgh well Peopl'd and having a Rampart flank'd by two
that the Duke of Espernon came to fall upon 'em in their Quarters at what time Bouillon and Rochefoucault were return'd to Bourdeaux leaving Chambon to Command the Forces in their Absence which were much inferior to Espernon's Nevertheless tho' they could not defend the Entrance into their Quarters the Marshes and Canals which environ'd one part of 'em gave 'em the opportunity without being broken to save both their Men and their Baggage Upon the noise of this Combat Bouillon and Rochefoucault set forward out of Bourdeaux with a good number of the Citizens and having joyn'd their own men advanc'd toward Espernon with a resolution to Fight him but the same Canal already mentioned prevented their coming to blows Only some skirmishes happen'd wherein Espernon lost a great many Officers and Soldiers of the Bourdelois very few were kill'd and Mr. Guitault the Prince of Conde's Chamberlain was Wounded After which time Meilleray and Espernon being join'd kept Bourdeaux block'd up tho at some distance and they retook the Island of St. George about four Leagues above the City in the Garon where the two Dukes had begun some Fortifications It had been defended for two or three Days with vigour enough because they got in a fresh Regiment every day and Valette being there Wounded dy'd of his Wounds within a few days But at length the Boat that brought 'em Reliefs and carry'd back those that were reliev'd being sunk by a Battery which Meilleray had rais'd upon the Rivers side it struck such a Terrour as well into the Officers as Soldiers that they surrender'd all Prisoners of War So that the Bourdelois lost the Island and Twelve hunder'd of their best men at one time This ill success and the Arrival of the King at Liburn who also caus'd the Castle of Vaire to be attack'd lying about two Leagues from Paris caus'd a great consternation in the City Upon this the Parliament and the Citizens perceiving the City ready to be Besieg'd by the King and finding themselves in want of all things necessary for their Defence and no Succors coming from Spain made a Decree to desire a Peace upon what conditions the King pleas'd to impose upon 'em at what time News was brought 'em that Vaire was tak'n and that the Governor named Richon who surrender'd at discretion was Hang'd This severity by which the Cardinal thought to have stricken a terror and discord among the Bourdelois wrought a quite contrary effect Bouillon and Rochefoucault understood so well to make their best advantage of it that by this means he resettl'd the minds of those that waver'd and were astonishd before causing the Governor of the Island of St. George who surrender'd at Dicretion to be Hang'd And to the end that the Parliament and People might be concern'd with the Generals which was no less requisite then bold and daring they caus'd the Commander to be Try'd by a Council of War where the Princess and the Duke of Enguien Presided and which was compos'd not only of the Military Officers but of two Commissioners from the Parliament and Thirty six Captains of the City Who all unanimously Condemn'd the poor Commander who was a Gentleman and guilty of no other Crime then of being Unfortunate The People also who were enrag'd above measure would hardly give him time to be Executed but would have torn him Limb from Limb and cut him to Peices This Action astonishd the Court gave new vigour to the Bourdelois and made such an alteration in the City that they resolv'd to abide a Siege and to defend themselves Couragiously the Citizens relying upon their own strength and the Promises of the Spaniards who put 'em in hopes of a powerful and speedy Succor In the mean while they hasten'd the Raising of a Fort of Four Bastions at Bastide which lyes over-against Bourdeaux on the other side of the River They also carry'd on with great heat and diligence the other Fortifications of the City But in regard that several of the Citizens had Houses in the Suburbs of St. Surin they would not permit 'em to be burnt or pull'd down tho it were made out That that Suburb would be the first that would be attack'd and that it was large enough to lodge all the King's Infantry All they could obtain was only to intercept the Avenues and to lay the Houses open For it was impossible to defend so large a place as that with only the Inhabitants and a few men that did not amount to above Seven or eight hundred Foot and three hundred Horse Nevertheless the Place requir'd a numerous Guard the access being open to it on every side and the City Gate which was next it in a very bad condition having nothing to defend it and for that the Enemy might approach it under Covert So that they could have wish'd they could have â—â—cur'd that Gate with a Half Moon but in regard they wanted every thing that was necessary they made riâ—e of a small Muckhill that lay before the Gate and which being cut sloping like a Half Moon without Parapet or Moat was one of the greatest defences of â—he City The King stâ—ying at Bourg Mazarin camâ— to the Royal Camp which consisted of about 8000 Foot and Three thousand Horse And it was resolv'd that the Suburb of St. Surin should be attack'd which was a work so much the more easie for that having the Avenues only Guarded the Houses might be gain'd without any danger by which means they might enter into the City cut off those that defended the Barricado's and the Church and prevent their retreat into the City Moreover they thought that because the Half-Moon was not tenable they might lodge themselves betimes at the Gate of Dijos Meilleray therefore caus'd the Houses and Barricado's to be attack'd both at the same time and Pallâ—au had Orders to enter through the Palais Galien and to slip between the Suburbs and the City directly to the Half-Moon But Meilleray falling on before Palluau arriv'd he found hotter work then he expected For the Skirmish began so soon as the King's Troops approach'd and the Citizens had plac'd their small shot in the Hedges and Vineyards which cover'd the Suburbs which put a stop to the King's men with great loss of the Assaylantsâ— Bouillon was in St. Surin's Church yard with what Citizens he could get out along with him to relieve the Posts and Rochefoucault was at the Barricade where the King's men made their Principal Attack and carry'd it Both sides fir'd with extream fury so that of the Citizens abouâ— sixscore were slain and about seven or eight hundred on the King's side Nevertheless the Suburb was taken Afâ—â—â— which they resolv'd to open their Trenches 〈…〉 the Half-Moon and to make an Attack througâ— the Wâ—lks belonging to the Archbishoprick 〈◊〉 in â—egard the Halâ—-Moon had no Moat the Citiâ—â—â—â— woâ—ld not undertake to guard it but contented thâ—â—selâ—es â—ith shooting from behind their Walls The Besiegers therefore attack'd
next Morning to see the Bavarian Entrenching themselves upon the Mountain next to Friburgh the Camp deserted and the Fort quitted The Duke seeing that Turenne's Men had spread â—hemselves over the Plain came down with his Army but no sooner had he a near view of the â—everal Places but the thundring from the Bavaâ—iâ—ns new Camp gave him to understand that they â—ad wholly possess'd themselves of the Mountain â—djoining to Friburgh Thereupon the D. not a little â—exed to have miss'd in his Enterprise order'd his Army to be drawn up in Battalia notwithstandâ—ng it had Rained hard all that Night But finding his Men wearyd with their hard Duty the day before and the bad Weather he deferr'd driving the Enemy from their new Entreâ—chments till the next day Soâ— that the Army had all that day and the next night to rest themselves Upon the Right Hand of Friburgh coming from â—â—isack lies a Mountain which is not so extreamly rugged for above the third part of the Highth but afterwards becomes very steep Yet when you come to the Top there is a wide space of level Ground sufficient for the drawing up Three or Four Thoâ—sand Men in good Order of Battel At the end of this little Plain stood also certain Ruins of a Tower at the Foot of which the Highest Mountain of the Black Forest rises insensibly But in regard that as it rises it runs very far backward the Highest part of it commands but very little over the Plain Mercy had posted the greatest part of his Infantry in the Parts adjoining to the Tower the rest was Encamp'd behind a Wood approaching to Friburgh His Cavalry was planted all along from the Wood to the Walls of the City In short that General had as well managd the Advantages of his Ground in that Place as the former He had also added for the Defence of it all the Inventions which the Art of War and the Conveniâ—â—cies of the Wood could afford him in so little time The Lines which he had cast up during thâ— Siege serv'd him in part to enclose his new Camâ— so that he had no need of â—ortifying any more 〈◊〉 that part which lookt toward the Vally where 〈◊〉 layd rows of Trees with their Bows entangleâ— one within another and his choicest Infantry laâ— behind this Entrenchment supported by his Cavalrâ— the Squadrons of which possess'd all the Ground beâ—tween the Row of Trees and the City So soon as it was Day the Duke advanc'd to thâ— Foot of the Mountain where Mercy lay entrench'd and in his March took in some Redoubts which were still guarded in the Vally by the Enemies Dragoons Turenne's Army had the Vanguard that day and was to make the greatest Onset D' 〈◊〉 Lieutenant General commanded the Infantryâ— L' Eschelâ—e march'd at the Head of all the rest with a Thousand Musketeers drawn out of both Armies and his Buâ—iness it was to attack the entrance that cover'd the biggest Body of the Bavarian Footâ— next the ruin'd Tower which was the place most easie of Access to get at ' em For which reasonâ— Turenne caus'd all the Canon of the Weymarians to be drawn on that side The Dukes Body of Infantry commanded by Espenan was commanded to force the Trees Between these two Attacks also there was a false Assault to be made with a few Men only to favour the real Onset Marshal Grammont had likewise Orders to keep himself drawn up in Battel array in the Plain with the Cavalry to act as the Success should direct him The Bavarians Camp afforded 'em great Advantages whither it were to defend themselves or attack the Enemy One of their Wings was supported by the Canon and Small-Shot of the Cityâ— the other was posted upon a Mountain the Heighthâ— of which alone was sufficient to secure the Forces â—â—at poâ—sess'd it But they had too large an exâ—â—nt of Entrenchment to defend that the Infantry â—â—ch weakn'd by the Hardships of the Siege and 〈◊〉 preceding Combats was not sufficient to guard 〈◊〉 Camp â— ' Eschelle began already to play with the Artiâ—â—â—â— of his Attack never staying for the Arrival 〈◊〉 the Rear-â—uard or the Signal of Battel tho 〈◊〉 Duke had commanded that all the Attacks and â—nsets should be given together Besides that â— ' Eschelle had Orders not to March up to the Eneâ—y till he heard the noise of the Musquets toward â—â—e Treâ—s and toward the false Attack in the midle But an Accident not to be fore-seen as freâ—uently it happens in the best consulted Contriâ—ances of Warâ— overturned all the Dukes Orders â—nd sav'd the Bavarians from a Total Defeat For while the Rear-guard was expected which â—ould not come up so soon by reason of the badâ—ess of the ways the Duke attended by Turenne â—nd Gâ—aâ—ment was got up to the top of the highest â—ountain to discover the Rear of the Enemies â—rmy and observe their Order of Battel In his â—bsence Espenan detach'd some men to make a â—alse Attack upon a small Redoubt that lay in hâ—s â—ay to the Enemy And tho he sent but very few â—en at first both sides were insensibly engag'd in a â—oody â—ight while the Bavarians seconded those â—hat defended the Fort and Espenan reliev'd those â—hat attack'd it insomuch that it came to a very 〈◊〉 Câ—nflict in that part Upon the noise of which â— ' Eschelle thought it high time for him to begin his â—ssault and his Errour ranvers'd all the Designs of â—he Day The Duke beholding the Enemies firing from the â—op of the Mountain rightly judgd that Espenan â—nd L' Eschelle had made a mistake and that his â—rders had not been obey'd So that he ran into the very thickest of the Engagement where 〈◊〉 found L'Eschelle slain and his men neither darinâ— to fight nor retreat â—or remedy of this Disorder he commanded Tournon to put himself at the 〈◊〉 of the astonish'd Souldiers and to assuâ—e â—em thaâ— he himself would second 'em with a Powerfâ—â— Succour Thus the Preâ—ence of the Prince giving new Lifâ— to the Souldiers the Baâ—â—rian Infantry began 〈◊〉 totter two Battallions and that which defendeâ— the Entrenchment began to Face about with theiâ— Colours and giâ—e all the marks of men that weâ—â— just ready to beâ—â—ke themselves to their Heels Buâ— they that were next the Line fir'd so furioâ—sly thâ—â— the Frâ—nch Infantry were quiâ—e dishearten'd they that were farâ—hest off began to retreat the 〈◊〉 were in a terrible fright and the Officers also began to give ground In vain the Generals told 'em of the Disorder which they beheld in the Bavarian Camp they press 'em threaten 'em and drag 'em back to the Fight But when a panick dread has once seiz'd upon a Souldier he neither seeâ— nor hears any longer either the Example or the Orders of his Generalâ— so that the Duke was forc'd to give over the Attack and draw off his Men and in this Action the Prinâ—e and all that attended him were in very great danger
prepar'd themselves for a stout Defence but they were constraiâ—d to give way to the Vigorous Onsets of the Besâ—egers and surrender'd upon Composition While Erlac made these lesser Progresses Turenne acted with Success against the Imperialists 'T is true that the Advantages which he won at the beginning of the Campaigne were attended with a sad Event for in regard he thought he had no reason to fear his being attack'd by those he had so vigorously driven before him and that he thought 'em a great way off he was all of a suddain assail'd by Mercy who was one of the most experienc'd most vigilant most piercing and most politick Captains that ever were Mercy then surprisâ—d Marshal Turenne near Mariendal where the Kingâ—s Quarters were and the Marshal was beaten before he could joyâ—n his Men. But certain it is that if Turenne committed a fault in suffering himself to be surpriz'd he made amends for it with as much Honour as it was possible For by that presence of Mind which made him find out Remedies in Conjunctures more difficult and more imminent Dangers he made a very Honourable Retreat still defending himself with a Heroick Bravery and Conduct till he got to the Passage of the Rhine and fighting rather like a Victor then Vanquishd But the loss which France sustaind by that Ill Success was more Advantageously repair'd by the D. of Enguien who was sent into Germany in Iune The Prince's Presence gave new Confidence to the French who were something terrifi'd and infus'dâ— into 'em that Courage that Boldness and Resolution as prepar'd 'em for the most difficult Undertakings and put 'em into the greatest Hopes So soon as he arriv'd he possess'd himself of several Places which gave a free Passage over the Rhine and made himself Master of Wimphen a little City seated upon the Necker And at this time it was that he fought the Battel of Norling according to the following Account The Loss which the French had sustain'd by the Battel of Mariendal was soon repair'd by the Duke of Enguien who was sent into Germany a little while after The Presence of the Young Prince who had won so many Victories not only enlivend the Courage of the French but so hotly alarum'd the Imperialists that at first they knew not what Course to take and the Prince made the best of the Terrâ—ur which he had struck into the Enemy Immediately he seiz'd upon the most considerable Places upon the Rhine and cast the Enemy into a perfect Consternation by the taking of Wimphen and Roâ—tambuâ—gh But in regard he design'd a Nobler Expeditionâ— to make himself Master of Heilbrun he thought it behov'd him to do all he could to weaken the Bavarian Army which would â—e still opposing his Enterprises So that without consulting any farther after he had prepard every thing ready he fell upon the Enemy who lay Encamp'd upâ—n several Hillocks between Wending and Norling Marshal Grammont commanded the Right Wing where was the French Cavalry with Arnaut Camp-Master General of the Carbines Turenne leâ— the Left Wing where was all the German Cavalry Beltenâ—ve Marsin and the Marquiss of Castelâ—aâ— commanded the Foot between the Wings Major General Geis and â—câ—in commanded the Second Line compos'd of two Regiments of Turenne's six of Foot and twelve of Horse that were all Hessians which were reunited with the Dukes And the Body of the Reserve was commanded by Chabot The Bavarians who as I have already said were Posted upon several rising Grounds no sooner perceiv'd the Approach of the D's Army but they placed themselves very advantageously under a Mountain for on the one side they had a Village that stood in the Plain and on the other a Castle where they had already put their Canon and some Infantry Now in regard that from the Village to the Mountain there was an easie Ascent for an Army embattell'd the Duke had a Design in the first place to make himself Master of that Post as soon as an opportunity should present it self Nevertheless the Enterprise was not so easie for there was a necessity of passing between the three Flanks of the Mountain the Castle and the Village which he design'd to take But being resolv'd upon it whatsoever Risco he ran he undertook to make an Onset with the Infanâ—ry only to the end that as he drave the Enemy from the Place he had an Eye upon the two Wings which march'd towards their Cavalry might receive no Annoyance from the Bavarians but that on the other side they might advance under the Favour of their own Men's Firing There was also another Inconvenience which was to be remedy'd for there was a necessity of assayâ—ing the Village in Flank and it was to be fear'd leaâ—t the Men who made the Onset should be beaâ—en by those that stood at the top of the Mountain of the Bavarians so that they push'd forward into the Plain and were going to fall upon the French Baggage when a German Regiment not only 〈◊〉 'em but gaveâ— em chase The French also were in a kind of Disorder iâ—somuch that 't was greatly to be fear'd tâ—ey 〈◊〉 loose the Victory The Right Wing was uâ—terâ—y broken in regard they had made no Resâ—stâ—â—â— being vanquish'd almost without striking a 〈◊〉 But Turenne with the first Line of the Lâ—ft Winâ— which he commanded broke into the â—irst â—iâ—e of the Enemies Right Wing tho much more nâ—â—erous then his which had been extremely 〈◊〉 by the continual firing of the Bavâ—riâ—n Inâ—anâ—ry and by that means he made amends in some sort â—or the Cowardice of the French Souldiers The sâ—coâ—â— Line of the Enemies put themselves at the saâ—â— Instant in a Condition to second their â—irâ—t aâ—â— chargd some Squadrons in the Flank but aâ—â—â—his nothing terrifid Turenne In the mean time 〈◊〉 Enemies began to make their best of some little Advantage which they might have had if Tureâ—ne hâ—d been left to himself But the Duke having spyd him in that Condition advanc'd all of a suddain with his second Line and having rally'd the â—irst with all the speed imaginable He and Turenne charg'd the Enâ—my both at the same time and having broken soâ—e of their Squadrons put all their Troops in Disordeâ—â— Here the Duke having perform'd all the Dâ—ties of a private Souldier as well as of a great Captainâ— was shot in the Elbow with a Pistol Bâ—llet which however did not hinder him from actâ—ng It may be said that till then there had been only some slight Skirmishes tho there had already beeâ— a great deal of Blood spilt and a great many Oâ—â—icers of Note Slain on both Sides But because they found it necessary to come to a General Battelâ— the Bavarians having brought down their Body of Reserve and the Troops which had broken the Right Wing that Turenne seconded the Duke order'd the Heâ—sians to advance together with his own Infantry and Cavalry and march'd himself at the Head of 'em â—â—ainst the Enemy The
high that the rising of the Hills does not hinder it from being seen out at Sea and from the Platform at the top you may discover in a serene day the Mouâ—tains of Dover and the Coast of Englanâ— â— At first Dunkirk was only a poor Hamlet compos'd of Fishermens Hutts erected for the conveniency of the Haven Afterwards Antiquity and Carelessness having spoil'd the Harbour of Mardike famous at that time it became considerable by the Ruine of that Port. Baldwin Count of Flanders Sirnamd the Young made a City of it in the Year nine hundred four score and sixteen Afterwards it was peopled by the Favour of Philip of Vermandois who endowing it with several Immunities drew great numbers of Inhabitants to it It would require a particular History to relate how often it has changd Masters how often it fell in Partition to Robert de Cassel how it past to Robert de Barr â— who by the Marriage of his Daughter he fix'd it into the Family of St. Pol how it fell afterwards to the Families of Vendosm and Bourbon afterwards under the Dominion of the Spaniards It would be also no less Delightful to understand the various Misfortunes it has undergone how the English burnt it in the Year 1388. how it was surpriz'd by the French a long time after under the Marshal Termes what are the Priviledges of the Lords of it what are the Laws it is govern'd by what is the Trade which it drives what is the Supream Marine Council which is there settl'd what is their Herring-fishing and the great vâ—nt they have for that Commodity and what the Priviledges wherewith the Emperor Charles the V. endowd â—em But in regard our Design is only to write the Siege of this place without intending any other Divertisement for the Reader we shall only give an account of the State of the City at the time when the Prince's Army sate down before it 〈…〉 divided into two Cities the old and 〈…〉 The old is seated upon the Sea-shore en 〈…〉 hick Wall after the ancient man 〈…〉 a great many large Towers sup 〈…〉 a spâ—cious Rampart accompany'd with 〈…〉 with Brick above 26 foot wide and 〈…〉 Colme Water which swells in that 〈…〉 Tides are higher or lower On Mardike 〈…〉 Sea runs up into the Land and extending 〈…〉 the Wall of the old City forms a Ha 〈…〉 to contain 200 great Ships however 〈…〉 it is very narrow and dangerous by 〈◊〉 of the Shelves and Sands that lye full in the 〈…〉 it Within the Canal which is no less 〈◊〉 then the Haven above a hundred Vessels may â—ide 〈◊〉 safety Out of this Haven sayl'd the 〈…〉 blockd up the mouths of our Rivers and were â—â—câ—me so formidable upon all the Westeâ—◠〈…〉 France Antiquity never knew Men 〈…〉 pon the Sea then the Dunkirkers And indeed iâ— iâ—â— thing hardly to be believ'd that this Câ—â—y aloâ—e should have almost spoil'd the Trade of 〈…〉 potent Kingdoms of Europe and 〈…〉 Dâ—tch Fleets that Sail to the New World ◠〈…〉 from the Spaniards whole Provinces 〈…〉 were not our Merchants Losses as Fa 〈…〉 Scandalous Testimony of their Fury and â—alour Oâ— that side next to France from the 〈…〉 against the Walls of the old City the Hâ—veâ— is defended by the Fort de Leon built upon the 〈◊〉 and by consequence ill flank'd by reaso◠〈◊〉 the Inconvenience of the Place otherwise small but strongly Pallisadâ—'d and furnish'd with a 〈◊〉 of great Canon On the other side of the Haven rises â— Causey which running 5 or 600 Paces 〈◊〉 the Sea covers it on Flanders side and juts upon a small wooden Fort planted with some Canon The new City joyns to Fort Leon and enclosing the rest of the Harbour afterwards enlarges and extends it self about the Old one beyond the way that leads to Newport It is environ'd with an enclosure of 12 Bastions of Earth with a Moat full of Water and a Counterscarp and two Hornworks fill up the whole space that remains between the hind most Bastion and the Causey that shoots into the Sea Toward the South three large Canals run out of Dunkirk and afford the advantage and convenience of transporting in their Beelands these Commodities which they vend up and down the Country These Canals fall into the Haven and serve either to cleanse it or to drown the Parts adjoyning to the City as they pull up or let down their Sluces The first leads to Bergâ—â—n the second to Honsâ—otte the third to Furnâ—s Newport and then to Brugeâ— The Magistrates having begun this latter in the year 1640. and having finish'd it the next year gave it the name of the New River the other two are very Ancient Dunkirk was guarded within with two thousand six hundred Foot in a 11 Regiments and without by the Armies of Caracena and Lamboy In those Regiments the number of Officers equall'd almost that of the Souldiers There were also in the Town 300 Horse and 2000 Seamen accustom'd to Sea Fights the fury of which makes 'em contemn all other dangers the Fortifications were well provided with Artillery and as we have said already there was nothing wanting in the City that might serve for the defence of it So soon as the Army came before the City the Prince assign'd the Quarters and resolv'd to dispose of his Men in such a manner that if the Enemy should attempt to raise the Siege they could not be able either to succour the Town nor force his Camp On the East side of him there was a space of Ground which separates the New River from the Sea This space of Ground is cover'd in part with unequal Hills or Downs both in regard of their Situaâ—ion and Heighth and perfectly extends it self into a Plain which is water'd by the New River and then runs on as far as the Canal of Honscotte From this Canal going to Mardike there are two Mershes which are cut out of the Canal of Berguin and some other Rivers To the West you meet with a Plain opposite to the former other Downs and then the Sea Shoar These laâ—ter Places seem'd sufficiently defended by the Canals and the Mershes which made the Access very difficult to those that were not Masters of 'em as also by the Neighbourhood of Mardike and Berguen which secur'd â—em The greatest danger was toward the East for that the Enemy setting fâ—rward from Newport which is but â—5 Miles from Dunkirk might come to the Camp in a few Hours without any Molestation which obligâ—d the Prince to make sure of that place To which purpose he caus'd Gassion to encamp with his Brigade from the Sea Shore to the middle of the Downsâ— the rest he took up himself and all the Plain as far as the New River There he lodg'd the Men which he himself lead and that he might wholly fill up the Place that remain'd void along thâ— Caâ—al of Furnes he joyn'd to his own Men ten Companies of French Gendarmes and
of Bouillon's callâ—d Rochfort the Duke of 〈…〉 and he march'd against de la Valeâ—â—e 〈…〉 the Forces they had rais'd and six hundred 〈◊〉 men their Friends They overtook him a◠〈◊〉 in Perâ—gord But he gave ground not darâ—â—g to fight and retreated through the Woods to Bergerac with the loss of all his Baggage After which the Princess set forward for Bourdeaux without meeting any opposition in her passage There remain'd nothing more behind but to surmount the Difficulties which they met with in the City which was divided into several Cabals The Duke of Espernon's Creatures and they that follow'd the new Sentiments of which the D. of St. Simon had also gotten a smack after he had receivâ—d some Letters from the Court and had heard of the taking of Bâ—llegarde join'd themselves with those that serv'd the Court and among the rest with de la Vie Advocate-General in the Parliament of Bourdeaux a Man both subtle and Ambitious They us'd all their Endeavours to cause the Gates to be shut against the Princess Nevertheless so soon as it was known that she was arriv'd at Lormond near the City with the Young Duke her Son all people gave public Testimonies of their Joy They throng'd out of the City in heaps they strew'd the High-way with Flowers and the Barge that carry'd 'em was attended by all the Boats in the River the Ships in the Port discharg'd all their Guns and they enter'd into Bourdeaux notwithstanding all the underhand Efforts of their Enemies to have hinder'd ' em 'T is true that neither the Parliament nor the Jurats went to visit 'em in a Body but there was hardly any who in private did not give 'em assurances of their faithful Service In the mean while the Court's Cabal and Espernon's together hinder'd the Duke of Bâ—â—illon and the Duke of Rochefoucault from being let into the City for the first three or four days so that they were forced to lie in the Suburbs of the Chaâ—â—reuâ— where all people went to see 'em and offer'd to bring 'em in by force But they refus'd their Civility contenting themselves to be admitted two days after the Princess and that in the Evening too to prevent any Tumult The King at that time had no other Forces 〈…〉 but those under La Valette which 〈…〉 The Dukes of Bouillon and Rouche 〈…〉 〈◊〉 consisted in five or six hundred Gen 〈…〉 friends aâ—d some Foot which they 〈…〉 pon their own Lands Now in regard 〈…〉 disciplin'd Soldiers 't was impossible to 〈…〉 ogeâ—her so that they all began to think of 〈◊〉 home For this Reason 't was thought 〈…〉 â— That they should try before the Gentleâ—â—◠〈◊〉 whether they could meet Valette and 〈◊〉 that Resolution away the Dukes march'd diâ—â—â—â—â—â— foâ— Liburne But he having intelligence of it 〈◊〉 aâ—d avoided fâ—ghting a second time in 〈◊〉 the â—â—â—ntry would be speedily retuâ—ning home 〈…〉 if he forbore fightingâ— he should be certainly 〈◊〉 oâ—â—he Field At the same time Marshal de la Meilleray had Orders â—o maâ—ch toward Bourdeaux through the Country between the two Seas and the King advanc'd toâ—â—â—d Lâ—bâ—uâ—ne Of which when Bouillon and Rochefoâ—caulâ— had noticeâ— they hasten'd their Levies notwithstâ—nding the Obstacles they met with both for wâ—nt of Money and the great number of persons 〈◊〉 in the Parliament and City that underâ—and crosâ—d their Designs And things were come to that 〈◊〉 which had like to have caus'd great Disorâ—â—â—â— Fâ—â— a Spanish Officer being come to wait upon the Princess of Conde from the King of Spain and having brought along with him 20000 Crowns for the â—eliâ—f of her present Necessities the Parliament who â—ill then had suffer'd her to reside in the City with her Sâ—n the Duke of Engâ—ien and had never openly declâ—â—'d for her as the people had done believd that 〈◊〉 opposing the Spanish Envoy's being receiv'd into Boâ—â—deâ—â—x â— would suffice by that single Act to justiâ—y all their past Conduct seeing that by depriving the Prince's Party of that Relief which they expected â—rom Spain his Friends would be reduc'd to a necessity of receiving such Laws as the Court would impose upon ' em The Parliament therefore being assembled order'd that the Spaniard should depart Bourdeaux forthwith but the people understandiâ—g what would be the Consequences of that Decree betook themselves to their Armsâ— invested the Palace and threaten'd to fire it if they did not repeal their Order At first they thought to have easily dispers'd the Tumult upon the appearance of the Jurats that were sent for but the Disorder increasing upon the delay of the Repeal the Parliament sent notice to the Dukes of Bouillon and Rochefoucauâ—â— of the Mutiny and desiâ—'d them to appease it nor were they sorry that the Parliament stood in need of 'em upon this Occasion But in regard it was of great importance toward laying the foundations of their Party that the people should get the Decree recall'd before they left the Palace and afraid besides lest if they should go about to regulate the Disorder they should be taken for the Ringleaders of it they forbore for some time to answer the Expectations of the Parliament But perceiving at length that things began to grow to that degree of heat that without losing any more time they flew to the Palace with their Guards and thrusting themselves in among the Enrag'd Multitude to the great danger of their persons they stopp'd their Fury and undertook to mediate between Them and the Parliament Thus the Spanish Envoy had all the liberty he could desire Afterwards the Generals thought it requisite to make a general Mâ—ster of the Inhabitants that they might be able to know their strengthâ— and prepare 'em by degrees to sustain a Siege They drew 'em up themselves in order of Battel tho they had receiv'd Advices from several hands that there was a design on fooâ— to Assassinate ' em Nevertheless among the continual Volleys that were discharg'd by no less then Twelve thousand men no unlucky Accident happen'd After this they began to raise some Outworks about the City but in regard that Mony came but slowly from Spain they could not bring any of their Works to perfection And certain it is that during all this War they never receiv'd of the Spaniards above Two hundred and twenty thousand livres the rest having been taken up upon the Credit of the Princess the Dukes or M. Laisne However in a little time they made a shift to raise Three thousand Foot and Seven or eight hundred Horse with which they took Castellan within four Leagues of Bourdeaux and would have extended themselves farther but that they heard of Meilleray's approach and that Espernoon was joyn'd with Valeâ—â—â— Upon this advice Bouillon and Rochefoucault dispatch'd away Sillery into Spain to hasten away the promis'd Relief However they left a Garison in Castelnau and retreated with the rest of their Forces to Blanquefort within two Leagues of Bourdeaux And there it was
the Seine Without doubt he would not have done it had he followed his own Inclination and it had been much safer and much easier to leave the River Seine on the left hand and to march by Meudon and Vaugirard to Encamp under the Fauxbourg St. Germans where perhaps he should not have been attack'd for fear of Engaging the Parisians in his Defence But the Duke of Orleance would by no means consent to it not only as was represented to him out of fear of a Combat he might see from the Windows of his Palace of Luxemburg but also because some perswaded him that the King's Artillery would make a continual Fire against it to force him to quit it Thus the Opinion of an imaginary Peril made the Duke of Orleance expose the Prince of Conde â—s Life to the greatest danger he had ever been in He caus'd his Army to march at the beginning of the Night on the first of Iuly and expecting to reach Charenton before his Enemies could come up to him he march'd through the Cours of the Queen-Mother and round about the City from the Gate of St. Honoré to the Gate of St. Anthony in order to â—arch from thence to Charenton He did not desire leave to March through Paris for fear of a denial which at that time would have discover'd the ill Condition of his Affairs Besides he was afraid that having obtain'd it his Forces would disperse themselves in the City and that it would be difficult to force them out of it in case of Necessity The Court soon receiv'd Intelligence of his March and the Marshal of Turenne follow'd him immediately with what Forces he had in order to stop him until Marshal de la Ferté who â—ollow'd with is Army could come up to him In the mean time the King was sent to Charonne to behold from that place as from a Theatre that Action which according to appearances was like to prove the absolute Overthrow of the Prince and the end of the Civil War but in Effect that which prov'd one of the boldest and most perillous Occasions that ever was seen in War and that in which the Prince of Conde's great Endowments appear'd to the best Advantage Fortune it self seem'd to be reconcil'd to him in that Occasion and would have a share in a Success of which both Parties have imputed the Glory to his Valour and Conduct For he was attac'd precisely at a time in which he could make use of the Retrenchments the Inhabitants of the Suburb of St. Anthony had made to secure themselves from being pillag'd by the Duke oâ— Lorrain's Forces and it was the only place in all the March he design'd that had any Retrenchments and in which he could avoid being absolutely defeaâ—ed nay even some Squadrons of his Rear were charg'd in the Suburb of St. Martin by some Men the Marshal of Turenne had detach'd to amuse him they retir'd in disorder in the Retrenchment of the Suburb of St. Anthony in which he had plac'd himself in Battalia He had but just so much time as was necessary to that end and to garnish those Posts through which he could be attack'd with Foot and Horse He was forc'd to place the Baggage of the Army upon the side of the Ditch of St. Anthony because the Parisians had refus'd to receive it Moreover some Carriages had been plunder'd and those of the Court-Party had contriv'd Affairs so that the Event of that Business should be seen from thence as from a Neuter place The Prince of Conde preserv'd about him such of his Attendants as happen'd to be there and such Persons of Quality as had no Command the number of which amounted to about Thirty or Forty The Marshal of Turenne dispos'd his Attacks with all the Diligence and Confidence of a Man who thinks himself certain of Victory His detach'd Men being come within 30 Yards of the Retrenchment the Prince came out upon them with the Squadron I have mention'd and charging them with Sword in hand defeated their Battalion absolutely took some Officers Prisoners carry'd away their Colours and retir'd to his Retrenchment On the other hand the Marquess of St. Mesgrin attack'd the Post that was defended by Count de Tavannes Lieutenant-General and Languais Mareschal de Camp who made so brave a Resistance that the Marquess of St. Mesgrin finding that his Infantry flinch'd being hurry'd on by Heat and Anger advanc'd with the King's Troop of Chevaux Legers in a Street shut up with Barricado's where he was kill'd with the Marquess of Nantouillet Le Fouilloux and some others Mancini Cardinal Mazarin's Nephew was wounded and dy'd of his Wounds some time after The Attacks were continu'd on all sides with great Vigour and the Prince of Conde charg'd the Enemies a second time with an equal Success to the first he appear'd every where in the middle of the Fire and Combat and gave his Orders with that calmness of Mind which is so necessary and yet so seldom met with on those Occasions Finally the King's Forces having forc'd the last Barricado of the Street call'd du Cours which leads to Vincennes they entred in Order of Battle as far as the Market-place of the Suburb of St. Anthony whereupon the Prince ran thither charg'd them and destroying whatever oppos'd him regain'd that Poâ—â— and forc'd the Enemies out of it Nevertheless they were Masters of a second Barricado which was in the Street that goes to Câ—arenton the which was Forty Yards beyond a very large Square adjoyning to the said Street The Marquess of â—oâ—illes had made himself Master of it and in order to keep it the better he had caus'd the Houses to be pierc'd through and had plac'd Musquetiers in all those before which they were oblig'd to pass to come up to the said Barricado The Prince of Conde did design to go with some Infantry to cause other Houses to be pierc'd to force them to retire by a greater Fire which indeed was the best way but the Duke of Beaufort who chanc'd not to be near the Prince at the beginning of the Attack being somewhat Jealous at the Duke of Nemours having been there all along press'd the Prince to cause the said Barricado to be attack'd by Infantry that was already tyr'd and discourag'd the which instead of going up to the Enemy kept close to the Houses and would not Advance At the same time a Squadron of the Forces from Flanders that had been posted in a Street which butted in one of the corners of the Square on that side where the Houses were being no longer able to â—arry there for fear of being surrounded as soon as the Houses thereabouts should be taken came back into the Square and the Duke of Beaufort believing that they were Enemies propos'd to the Dâ—kes de la Rochefoucault and Nemours who arriv'd there at that time to Charge them and they being follow'd by all the Persons of Quality and Voluntiers they march'd up to
the Country the said Duke on such Occasions using whatâ—ver precautions may be necessary for the Security of the said City and Citadel And in case the said Duke should be wanting in the performance of those things he obliges himself to as well not to alienate as not to put any Garrison in the said City and Citadel but of his own Forces or should refuse a passage to his Catholick Majesty's Forces they paying for it The said Lord most Christian King promises upon the Faith and Word of a King neither to assist the said Duke with Men or Money nor in any other ways either by himself or others to defend the said Insruction but on the contrary shall send his own Forces if necessary for the Accomplishment of the Premises The Peace being Concluded the Prince of Conde returned into France he entred it by the way of La Capelle and passed through Soissons where he refused to receive any Harangues or Visits from the Corporations of the City protesting that he would receive none until he had first had the Honour of seeing the King He went from Soissons the next day being accompany'd with three more in his Coach viz. the Duke d' Enguien Messieurs de Houteville and Guitant He went to Meaux and from thence to Coulomiers at the Duke of â—â—â—â—â—â—ville's from whence he went to meet the 〈◊〉 who was at that time in Provence in exâ—â—â—â—â—â—ion of the Accomplishment of his Marriage 〈◊〉 the Infanta of Spain which was as it were 〈◊〉 first Fruit of the Peace The King who had made a Progress to Toulouse 〈◊〉 the Queen Monsieur and Mademoiselle where 〈◊〉 Cardinal also repair'd about the beginning of â—â—â—â—ary 1660. arrived on the 12 th of the said Mâ—nth at Arles and the 17 th at Aix where the Prince came two Days after Cardinal Mazarin presented him to the King who receiv'd him with great Demonstration of Kindness and reiterated Assurances that he would forget all that was paâ—â— He follow'd the Court and assisted at the magnificent Entry their Majesties made into Paris on the 26 th of August of the following Year The King had long been desirous to acknowledge the Services of some Persons who were distinguish'd by their Birth by honouring them with the Colar of the Order of the Holy Ghost The Length of the War had been an Obstacle to it till then But the Peace being settled he put that Design in execution and made Sixty Knights and Eight Commanders The Ceremony was perform'd in the Church of the Great Augustin's at Paris with great Magnificence on the last of December 1661. The Order was conâ—eâ—r'd first oâ— the Prelates and after the Service the King perform'd the Ceremony for the Lay-Knights beginning with the Prince of Conde and continuing with the Duke d' Enguien the Prince of Conti and the Duke of Verneuil Philip the 4 th King of Spain died on the 17 th of Septâ—mber 1665. When the Negotiations of Peace were begun and the Marriage of the King of France with the Infanta first talk of the Spaâ—iardâ— oppos'd it at first for fear of being troubled by the French at some time or other about the Rights of that Princess and it fell out accordingly The King of France pretending that the Dutchy of Brabant and the Annexions thereof belong'd to the Queen by Right of Devolution after the Death of Prince Balthazar her Brother who died on 9 th of October 1649. he caus'd the said Country to be demanded from the Queen of Spain Those Pretensions were laugh'd at at Madrid and upon that refusal which was expected France wag'd War into the Low Countries having first publish'd a Manifesto by which that Crown endeavour'd to prove that in taking possession of a Country that belong'd to the Queen they did not in the least Infringe the last Treaty that had been made with Spain The King departed from St. Germains on the 14 th of May and entred the Fields on the 24 th he made choice of Marshal de Turenne for his Lieutenant-General and sent Marshal d' Aumont towards Dunkirk there to Command a Body of 7 or 8000 Men. The Marquess of Crequi who had liv'd from the Court for five or six Years last past was recall'd and sent upon the Frontiers towards Luxemburgh with 3 or 4000 Men. But the Prince of Conde had no Imployment She Spaniards were constantly beaten during all that Campagn and lost Bergue Furnes Tournay Douay Couâ—traâ— and L' Isle The King of France not being satisfy'd with his Progresses in Flanders resolv'd to fall upon the Franche Comte and to make himself Master of it He did not stay for the Spring to undertake that Conquest The Prince of Conde who had tarried in his Governments without Action while Monsieur de Turenne had so many occasions to distinguish himself in the Low Countries was sent before 〈◊〉 on the 7 th of February of the following 〈◊〉 The King who had left Paris to assist at 〈◊〉 Expedition arrivâ—d at Dison the following day The same day the Prince of Conde Summon'd the 〈◊〉 to surrender The Inhabitants of that City 〈◊〉 had been surpriz'd and were not able to 〈◊〉 any resistance resolv'd immediately to â—urâ—â—â—der saying That they were willing to submit to 〈◊〉 King of France and to receive him but as in 〈◊〉 Imperial City However the Prince having giâ—â—â— them to understand that their City had ceas'd 〈◊〉 an Imperial City by the Treaty of Munster and that in case they obey'd without delay all 〈◊〉 Priviledges should be preserv'd they surrendeâ—'d innocently without any further Conditions 〈◊〉 opened their Gates The Duke of Luxemburg enter'd Salins at the same time and Dole was inâ—â—sted on the 9 th The King and the Prince of Câ—nde being agreed about the Measures that were to be taken in order to reduce that City with as much ease as Bezancon and Salins Count Chamilly one of the Major-Generals of the Army was ordeâ—'d to summon the Inhabitants to surrender and 〈◊〉 promise them that all their Rights should be preserv'd in case they would submit voluntarily â—nd to threaten them at the same time that no Quarter should be given them if they made the leâ—st Resistance Monsieur de Chamilly receiv'd no favourable Answer whereupon it was resolv'd to take it by force and three Attacks were made 〈◊〉 the 13 th in which the Prince expos'd himself extreamly The Besieged defended themselves â—nd some considerable Officers were kill'd in that occasion The King seeing the Resistance that was made by those who govern'd in the place sent Count Grammont the next day to represent to the Parliament the Neceâ—sity they lay under of Surrendring or of being expos'd to the Fury of an Army Commanded by a King in Person and by the Prince of Conde who was every where attended with Victory He show'd them not only that there was a great deal of Rashness in resisting such powerful Forces commanded by
The Spanish Infantry was quite Ruin'd terrour and dread had seiz'd the Enemies Forces the greatest part of the Cities of â—landers were in no Condition to hold out long and a General might do what ere he pleasd with good Success and the Duke of Orleance had taken upon himself to manage the War in those Parts In Germany the Service was not so easie for after the Duke of Enguien had led a Reinforcement thither the Marshal de Guebriant was Slain before Rowil and the Army had no other Chieftains but Ranzan and Roze Ranzan was a Person of great Courage and Wit he was also endâ—'d with a certain Natural Eloquence which was very perswasive in Councils of War and which drew others to be of his Opinion but his Conduct did not always answer his Elegant Discourses for Wine causd him to commit great Errors and many times put him out of being in a Condition to Command He had Quarter'd the Foot at Tutlinghen without taking any Care to prevent their being Surprizd and he had embroyl'd himself with all the German Princes So that the Bavarians and Lorrainers fell upon him before he had the least Intelligence of their March and Iohn de Wert having enforc'd him to Surrender with all his Men all the Officers were Prisoners of War The German Cavalry being dispiers'd into several Parts retir'd toward Brisack under the Command of Raze and took up their Winter Quarters in Lorrain and Alsatia As soon as the News of this arriv'd at Court Turenne had Orders to rally together the shatter'd Remnants of that Army and take upon him the Command of it and he spent all the Winter in bringing it into better Order but notwithstanding all his Care it was not in a Condition to oppose the Bavarians whose Army was become more Numerous after Ranzan's Defeat Mercy therefore who commanded it seeing himself Master of the Field invested Friburgh which was not in a Condition to hold out a long Siege The Duke of Enguien had Intelligence of it at Amblemont near Mouzon and receiv'd Orders from the Court to joyn the German Army and endeavour the Relief of the Town To that purpose he March'd the 20 tith of Iuly to Mets where his Forces past the Moselle and left their heavy Baggage Which done in thirteen Days he marchd threescore Leagues and came to Brisack with Six thousand Foot and Four thousand Horse By the way the Prince understood that Friburgh was Surrender'd to the Bavarians that Turenne was Encamp'd not far from em and that Mercy made no shew of having any design to change his Station Upon this Advice he March'd toward Tâ—renne with Marshal Grammont and gave Orders to Martin to cross the Rhine at Brisack with the Army which he did the 13 th of August The Duke stayâ—d no longer in Turenne's Camp then to observe the Post where the Bavarians lay and to consider where to attack ' em So that he returnd to his Army the same day that it crossâ—d the Rhine and the next day he March'd to put in Execution the Enterprize which he and Turâ—nne had consulted and contriv'd together Friburgh is Seated at the Fort of the Mountains of the Black Forest. They enlarge and open themselves in this part of the Country in the Form of a Crescent and in the middle of this space you may discover near to Friburg a Plain bounded on the Right Hand by very high Mountains and surrounded on the Left by a Boggy Wood. This Plain is watered with a Râ—volet which glides along by the Wood and afterwards falls upon the Left of Friburgh into the Hollow of a Narrow Valleyâ— interâ—nt with Woods and Marshes They that Travel from Brisack cannot enter into this Plain but through narrow Lanes and close Passes at the Foot of a Mountain almost inaccessible which commands it on every side and the other ways that lead into it are much more difficult Merâ—y was Posted in a place thus Advantageous and in regard he was one of the greatest Captains of his time he had omitted nothing to make the best of the Situation His Army consisted of Eight thousand Foot and Six thousand Horse He had extended his Camp all along the Rivolet but besides that Defence and the Advantage of the Woods and Boggs he had fortifi'd it toward the Plain with a large Entrenchment Nor was there any way to get at him but by the road that leads from Brisack to Friburgh and by consequence there was a necessity of passing by the Foot of that Mountain which defended the best part of his men And for that reason this great General had employ'd all his Industry to secure that part of his Camp from being forc'd Upon the sloping of the Mountain toward the Plain he had rais'd a Fort with Pallisadoes wherein he had put Six hundred Men together with his Artillery by which means he assur'd himself of that part of the Mountain which was most easie of Access From thence he carry'd on a Line a long a Wood of Firr-Trees still ascending to the top where it was impossible to be past This Line was defended by Redoubts at the distance of two hundred Paces one from the other and to give those that design'd to molest him still more trouble he had laid all the whole length of the Line a great Number of Fir-Trees the Branches of which were half cut and inter-twisted one within another and were as Effectual for the same use as Friesland Horses Between this Mountain which the French Army met with upon the Right Hand and another that lay nearer Friburgh there was a Hollowness which gave entrance into the Bavarian Camp but to come at it there was a necessity of going a great way about and to pass through Places which had never been view'd This part was naturally fortifi'd by a large and deep Innundation of Water and Mercy thought it sufficient to cut down a great number of Trees and lay athwart that Inundation In short never was an Army Encamp'd in a stronger Situation and better Entrenchd Nevertheless the Duke of Enguien was resolv'd to drive Mercy out of it and he prepar'd for his Attack in this manner He march'd with all his Army against the Line at the top of the Mountain that ran along the Wood of Firr-Trees leaving the Fort upon the Left hand and making it his sole business to carry the Redoubts that defended it to the end that having gain'd the top which commanded all the rest he might make himself Master of the Fort and so descend in Battel Array into the Bavarian Camp Turenne was to make his Onset where the Trees lay that defended the Vally and provided that both Onsets were made at the same time there was great Hopes that the Enemy being busied in two Places at once would be hard put to it to defend themselves and that if they should happen to be forc'd on that side next the Water the Duke coming down from the High
September Tides that swell'd high 't would be a hard thing to hinder the Barks from Newport or Ostend from creeping along the Shoar and getting with the Tyde of Flood himself confirm'd in his desire to aâ—tack it by this that the Enemies Generals would hardly hazard the event of a Battel so long as it appearâ—d to them uncertain for which reason he might the more daringly undertake what he pleas'd and that there was no fear of those whom their own Interests held to be half vanquish'd already Thus then the desire of the publick Benefit join'd with the hope of more then ordinary honour having made him resolve to fall upon Dunkirk he determin'd to vanquish all manner of Obstacles and to overcome Nature her self that oppos'd his great Design Nevertheless to testifie his Moderation in an Action of so great Importance and to avoid as much as in him lay the effects of envy the inseparable Companion always of great Atchievements he caus'd the Opinions which had been debated in Council to be written out and without imparting his mind publickly to any Body sent away La Moussaye to Court to inform Ann of Austria who during the Minority of Lewis the XIV her Son successfully govern'd our Empire in Expectation of her Orders with a Submission so much the more acceptable to her that he might have Permission to act without consulting the rest of the great Ministers Now in regard he had so order'd his Message that he made no question but that the Queen would leave all things to his Management and that she would permit his Prudence to take the Liberty of his choice he resolv'd while he stay'd for her Approbation to employ his time in getting all things which he thought necessary in such a Readiness that when the Answer came from Court there was nothing to retard his going forward Four things chiefly put him to a great deal of Trouble the bad condition of his Men that lessen'd every day and which however he design'd for new hardships greater then those they had already undergone the barrenness of the Place whither he was to lead 'em the difficulty of hindring the Dunkirkers from communicating with Ostend and Newport and the weakness of Furnes which left him expos'd to the Enemy if he drew off his Army After he had for some time debated with himself the mâ—ans to remedy these Inconveniencies his Prudence at last furnishd him with such as prov'd effectual La Ferte Seneterre remain'd upon the Lis with a volant Camp of eight hunder'd Horse and fifteen hunder'd Foot with a design to secure the French Conquests and if the Enemy made any Diversion to march where necessity calld him The Prince also gave him Directions with all speed to fortifie those Places which the French held in those Quarters and to put â—em into such a Condition that if he sent for him he might have 'em well secur'd He wrote likewise to the Vidame of Amiens the King's Lieutenant in Picardy to draw out of the Frontier Garrisons as many Men as possibly he could and to bring 'em to the Camp He sent Villequien into Boulonnois to rally the Milâ—tia of the Country that were return'd home after the taking of Mardike And foreseeing that the French Infantry which had follow'd Grammont into Holland and which were to return into France in two of the States Vessels might Land at Mardike a little before he marchd for Dunkirk he designd to make use of those Men and order'd that as soon as they Landed they should be distributed into Mardike Bourbourgh and Berghen to the end they might refresh themselves a little after the Inconveniencies of the Sea and be ready so soon as there should be any occasion for 'em at the Siege He order'd also the Polish Regiments of Priamski and Cabree to take some rest in the Neighbourhood to Calais Those Foreigners were above seventeen hundred in all and were newly come into France under the Leading of Sicot After he had taken those just Measures that he might bring together when he pleas'd as many Men as were sufficient to fight the Enemy should they resolve to fall upon him rather then suffer the Town to fall into his hands and to carry on all the Labours of the Siege his next care was to provide for their Subsistence To which purpose he dispatch'd the Intendant Champestrâ—ux to Callais to make Provision of Ammunition and Victuals and told him which way he would have 'em brought notwithstanding the Inconveniency of the Season and the deepness of the Roads remitting to him the performance in general of what he orderd him in particular Now tho that the Dutch Admiral Trump a Man famous for Sea Affairs and whose valour had rais'd his Fortune was come by the States Order with ten Men of War to an Anchor in Dunkirk Road and that number were sufficient to block up the Port while the French Navy found the Spaniards Employment in the Mediterranean nevertheless in regard the small Vessels of the Enemy might creep along the Coast and slip into the Place the Prince thought it convenient to send for some few Frigates from the French Ports So that Montigny sent away twelve from Dieppe Villequier two from Bologne which were join'd by one from Calais together with some Beelanders which they pickt up upon the Coast. Beelands are small Vessels longer and narrower then Hoys which they very much resemble and much in use among the Flemings for the conveniency of their Trade and all these small Vessels were under the command of Andonville There was nothing more now to be done but to put Furnes in a Condition to stop the Enemy while Dunkirk was taken and to furnish it with Forrage for the Subsistance of the Horse which the Prince took care of in Person to the end his presence might make 'em more diligent to hasten their work and to see that they spent no more time then what was necessary in finishing the Fortifications and supplying the Magazines Furnes is seated between Newport and Dunkirk at some distance from the Sea tho it may be conjectur'd that formerly it was very near it when the Ocean driven by the violence of the North Winds overflow'd all the Land about it if not stopp'd by the Mounds that lye in the way For Fueren or Wueren as the Flemings now pronounce it signifies to Navigate and Naeâ—wueren to arrive in Port as if Furnes had formerly been a Haven for Ships and that it had deriv'd the name of it from thence And as a mark of this the Vicount of Furnes holds the first Rank among the Castellâ—ns of Flanders who are call'd Riverians in regard it was their Business to guard the Coasts A great number of Churches and considerable Edifices render the City very beautiful There is the Chamber still to be seen where Lewis the XI kept himself close when being Daâ—phin he retir'd to Charles the VII and that the D. of Burgundy protected him from the
Anger of his Father and that Chamber is still adorn'd with the Arms of France and Burgundy The Country about Furnes is pleasant in Summer chiefly that which extends to the East and South by reason of the Meadows and Woods but the Mershes render it very noysome at other Seasons 'T is true that this Inconvenience is amply recompenc'd by the fertility of the Pasturages which is the reason that in several places they neglect all the care of good Husbandry and by the great number of Canals which are infinitely advantageous for Trade Nevertheless there is good store of Plough'd Land which bears plenty of Corn and in a word the Riches of these Parts is such that Charles the V. was wont to say That if the rest of Flanders were but like that corner of the World it would be more worth then the Indies The Foundation of it is very ancient for we find in the year 958. Baldwin Count of Flanders fortifi'd it with out-works of Earth against the Invasions of the Normans After that notwithstanding it â—ad been several times ruin'd by Fire by Domesticâ— Seditions Civil Wars and the funy of the French Arms â—nder Robert of Arraâ— and Philip de 〈◊〉 yet still it has recover'd it self after so many Disasters and was then in a flourishing condition when the French took it So that besides the necessity the French had of it in order to their design upon Dâ—nkirk they had reason to preserve it for the sake of it self So that the Prince after he had consider'd the Situation and the nature of the Place resolv'd to environ it with several Half-Moons a Hornwork and a Counterscarp having no other defence at that time then a Wall flankd with Towers and a Moat full of Water To this purpose he distributed the Foot into those places where he intended to break Ground divided and appointed the Quarters of the Regiments orderd a Camp-Master to every Quarter to take care of the Work settl'd the Hours of Rest nam'd the Bodies which were to relieve one another and methodizd all things with so much equality that there might always be a good number of Souldiers at work all day long In the mean time the Cavalry were order'd to cut Wood and every Troop brought Piles to make Palisadoes and Stakes for the Use of the Fortifications He had also before this commanded the Magistrates of Furnes to order the Peasants through the whole extent of their Jurisdiction to gather Foâ—age and bring it into the City He sent for Boats from all parts to facilitate the Transportation of it and appointed an Officer to receive it as they hundled it up and store it up in the Magazines Never was seen so much Diligence and so much Order both at the same time The Fortifications were rais'd the City furnish'd with Provisions the Cavalry Infantry Burgesses Peasants Sea-men every Body quick and without Confusion in the performance of what was enjoin'd ' em All this while the Prince was every where giving Directions and shewing that he had a perfect Understanding of Military Oeconomy Which to me seemd so much the more worthy of Applause because Valour is common to the meanest private Souldier whereas Fore-sight and Knowledge in the Art of War are the distinguishing Qualities of Great Men. So that it appear'd in a short time how much the Prâ—sence and Ability of a General puts all things in forwardness For in the space of 14 days the Fortifications were fiâ—ishd and the Magazines well filld Now these great Preparations not being unknown to the Spaniards for the Flemmings spurr'd on with that Affâ—ction which People reserve a little while for the Masters they have lost gave them continual Intelligence they readily câ—njecturd that the French had a design to attack Dunkirk Caracena who lay nearest to the French was the first who dispatch'd away advice of it to Castle Rodrigo Governour of the Low Countries at Brussels He sent him Information of what he learnt day by day and by redoubld Couriers deâ—ir'd his Counsel and Assistance in a Matter of so high Importance as this The chief Commanders of the Flemmish Armies after they had shar'd among 'em the defence of these Countries were at that time seaprated in Posts remote from one another Their Generalissimâ— Charles of Lorrain was drinking Waters at the Spaw and his Men lay quarterd upon the Frontiers of Holland as was also Beck with his Body of Flemmings and Walloons Picolomini with the principâ—l strength of the Country was encampâ—d upon the Scheldt near Dendermonde Curacena lay at Newport commanding the Royal Army of Spaniards and Italians as also the Germans and the Liedigeois which the Emperour had sent at the beginning of the Campaigne while Lamboy General of those Forces constrain'd by Sickness to quit the Service for some time was gone for the Recovery of his Health to one of his Houses in the County of Liege This Disposal of the Spanish Forces seem'd absolutely necessary to Castiâ—rodridgo for the security of the Provinces which he govern'd and upon the sole conjecture of Appearances usually false frequently fraudulent he durst not disfurnish those Places which they possess'd for fear of exposing 'em to the Armies of the French or Hollanders But tho there were not so much reason to be afraid of the Hollanders for that they carry'd on the War more remissly since their Plenipotentiaries had begun a Negotiation of a Truce with the K. of Spain in the Assembly at Munster where the Ministers of the Christian Princes met to settle Peace over Europe yet it was plain that tho both the Armies of Flanders should have joyn'd there was no likelyhood they would come to encamp near Dunkirk so long as the French lay at Furnes for that being depriv'd both by Sea and Land of all Communication with Newport it would have been their visible ruine and to have been expos'd an easie Prey to the French all Flanders being depriv'd of their Veterane Bands which till then had hinder'd 'em from hastning their Destruction Thus Castelrodridge being â—â—opt by these Considerations and the slow manner of acting customary to that Nation who wait upon time which they often loose in hopes that either the Season or the Places would either hinder or ruine the French deemd it suâ—ficient to keep in a Readiness what he thought necessary for the Relief of Dunkirk when the Town should be Besieg'd To the end therefore that nothing might be omitted which he thought might be serviceable to him in this important necessity he resolv'd to try whither he could excite the Parliament of England against the French in regard they seem'd to look upon it as their Interest not to let Dunkirk fall into their Hands To this purpose after he had imparted his Resolutions to the Generals he dispatch'd an Express to the Spanish Ambassadour at London to the end he might be inform'd of his Designs and make use of his Credit which was very great with the Republicans at that
mounted the two Trenches and resolvd together whatever it cost 'em to make themselves Master of the Counterscarp To which purpose Laval Commanded the Regiments of Eng. and Conty with some Polanders He divided to the Right and Left the Officers Soldiers which he resolv'd should begin the attack taking the mâ—ddle with those which he had had maâ—e choice of for himself and fell on pell mell upon three Places at once Presently there was nothing to be seen but Fire and Smoake and the Counterscarp of the Bastion was gain'dâ— but when they began to cover themselves Laval himself working hard among the Soldiers as he was placing a Barrel he was lay'd upon the Ground with a Musquet Bullet that took him in the Head and dy'd some few days after of his Wound His loss was generally lamented by the whole Army and the Prince in particular was deeply sorrowful for his Death He was a Young Gentleman of an Illustrious Family ambitious of Honour and capable to have advanc'd and vex'd to the Soul to see Dunkirk lost before their Eyes that they might omiâ— nothing which was to be done resolv'd notwithstanding the Wind was still against â—em to try what they could do by Sea and by the meâ—ns of several small Boats which they had got ready knowing that the Seamen were perfectly acquainted with the Coast to put in a considerable Succour by Water whiâ—h design if it succeeded they were in hopes that the bad weather and the Inconveniencies of the Encampment would constrain the French to raise the Siege or at least that by ruining their Men the taking of the City would cost 'em their Army To this purpose they hir'd 30 Beelands at Newport which they fill'd with their bravest Commandâ—rs and stoutest Souldiers and which they set to Sea under the Conduct of their most experieâ—c'd Pilots This Fleet put to Sea in stormy weather every Body being resolv'd to surmount all difficulties partly ambitions of Honour partly covetuous of Reward and spurr'd on by all those other Incitements that usually inspire Men with Contempt of Danger However the Success no way answerd their fruitless promises and the joy of the Dunkirkerâ— thaâ— from the top of their Walls beheldâ— the Beelanders coming soon turn'd to sorrow For so soon as the Spaniardâ— saw that they were discover'd by the Hollanders and that the Sea-men perceiv'd that Trump was preparing tâ— make up to 'em whither it were that fear depriv'd 'em of their Judgement or that they could not withstand the Wind and the Sea as afterwards they said they betook themselves to flight and without making the least Effort to weather the Storme they made all the speed they could to Newport whither Aâ—donville chasd 'em with the French Frigates All Men well skill'd in Sea Affairs unanimously agreed that tho many of the Beelands might have been taken or sunk yet had they ventur'd some might have escap'd and got into the Place but it had been to litâ—le purpose For the Town was then so sorely press'd thaâ— it mâ—st have been a very considerable Succour that could have preservd it The Mine that had been a delving under the Horn-work aâ—l Night and all the next Morning was found to be 15 Fâ—ot deep and there was no douâ—t but the effect of it would be very great in a place so proper as that was By consequence the Horn-work could hold out no longer and after the loss of tâ—aâ— Fortiâ—ication the Dunkirkers securd only by the Walls of their old City and being incapable of defending themsâ—lves would be constrain'd to Surrender And Fortâ—nâ— in this seconded the common Opinion and soon reduc'd the Bâ—sieg'd to the utmost Extremity For abâ—ut two of the Clock in the Afternoon the Mine was sprâ—ng and such was the violence of the Powder that of a suddain it carryd away the Earth and the Wall â—hat were next the Mine and leâ—t a great breach in one of the sides of the Hornwork Some lazie Souldiers surpriz'd by the Fury of it wâ—re blown up into the Ayr and fell down half dismember'd overwhelm'd with Stones and wrapt up in Dust and Smoak Preâ—ently Clanleu orderd Molondine's Swisses to the Breach who finding it without any defenâ—e began a Lodgement And they had already plac'd 40 Barrels when the Besieged powring out from behind two Traverâ—es where they had retir'd till the Mine was sprung â—inding there was nothing more to be afraid of then the ordinary Risco's of War fell on desperately and mangre all the Resistance of the Besiegers drave 'em from the top of the Hornwork where they had entâ—ench'd themselves The Switzers full of Indignation retuâ—nâ—d to the Charge and continud fighting a long time with dubious Fortuneâ— At length they fell to Handy-strokes which prov'd a cruel and desperate Conflâ—ct the Besieged having been accustom'd to Victory and 〈…〉 knowing themselves lost if they lost 〈…〉 All the while the Smoak of the 〈…〉 from the Trenches and the Town 〈…〉 and noise occasion'd by the Conflict having darkend the day and depriv'd the Combataâ—â—s of the knowledge of one another all of a suddain both Parties that believâ—d being each in the same Confusion that their Enemy had the Advantage retreated on both sides and left the Lodgement in the middle between 'em quite abandon'dâ— and this great Disorder lasted for two hours But at length the Skie being clear and all things in a Calm the Besiegers first began to recover themselves Clanleu then led 'em on again to the Breach where that he might act with more security and have his Orders eâ—ecuted without Confusion he was willing they should regaâ—n the top of the Lodgement Barrel after Barrelâ— and step by step And thus he spent the rest of the day the Enemy not daring to disturb him till Miossans reliev'd him and found the Lodgement almost brought to Perfectionâ— In this Encounter the Besiegers lost a Captain two Lieutenants were wounded and fiftyâ— Souldiers either slain or disabl'd the loss of the besieged being equalâ— Nor must we omit the Death of Semur the more to be pityâ—d for the oddness of the accident and for that his Generosity prov'd fatal to him while he lost his own to preserve the Life of his Friend Belloy and he did the Duty of Serjeants of Battel and with their Pikes in their hands sustainâ—d the fury of the Enemies Sally They had both an Esteem for each other and there was no less Emulation between ' em Neither of â—em would be first that fled from danger nor be the first that â—orsook his Companion Honour and Courage stopt â—em in the midst of Peril In this Noble Contest Belloy was struck down with a Stone Semur â— never minding his own Preservation but running to help him up again receivd a Musket shot in his Thigâ—â— of which â—e dy'd sometime after But Belloy return'd to the Fight and the next day was in a Condition to do Service At the same time that they so warmly engag'd at
incens'd Lasâ—ly one of the principal Causes of the Cardinalâ—s Disgâ—st against the Prince and which inspir'd hâ—m wiâ—h a Design to ruin him was the constant oppoâ—â—â—ion of the Prince to the raising of the Cardinal 's Fiâ—â—ly which I shall thus make out Some time before the Troubles Mazarine desirous to support his Fortune in France by considerable Alliances had cast his eyes upon the Duke of Merâ—eur as a â—it person to Marry his Niece Mancini and to confer upon him at the same time the Employment of Lord High Admiral This Project was interrupted by the War and reassâ—m'd some time after the Peace when the Court was at Compiegne and where there was nothing talk'd of but Festivals and Rejoicings The Queen spoke of it to the Prince who durst not oppose itâ— whether he slighted the business or did not foresee the Consequences of it or raâ—her because he was afraid of the Noise it would make should he gain-say it However it were notwithstanding his silence at that time he afterwards most vehemently oppos'd it and never minded observing any Decorum with the Cardinal For he spar'd no manner of Raillery or nipping Inâ—ectives against his Person This cut the Cardinal to the heart and did not a little trouble the Queen But that which absolutely render'd the Prince suspected at Courtâ— was his obstructing another Match which the Cardinal was eager to make between one of his Nieces and the Duke of Candale at what time Guienne was in Arms through the Misunderstanding between the D. of Esâ—ernon his Father and the Parliament of Bourdeaux which had join'd as also had that of Provâ—nce with the Parliament of Paris against Mazarine Foâ— the Prince foreseeing that the Maâ—ch could not be made without assuring the Government of Guyen to Candale whom the Parliament and People would be sure to expel he made use of the Affection of the Bourdelois to hinder the Marriage and openly declar'd for 'em in the Council that he might encourage 'em the more to demand another Governor The Prince's so openly declaring for the Parliament and Revolters of Guyenne put it positively beyond all doubt that he held a Correspondence with 'em and consequently that he was in Confederacy with all the Factions And that which augmented the Confusion and Jealousie of the Court was the Demand which Guyenne made to have the Prince to be Governor of that Province instead of the Duke of Espernon But new Troubles arose at Paris occasion'd by the â—â—â—ts of the Town-House which caus'd the Prince to shew his Zeal in a more violent manner then ever for the Support of the King's Authority and a second time to contemn all the Solicitations and Applications of the Slingers which somewhat reâ—â—x'd him at Court and caus'd 'em to alter or at least suspend the Resolutions they had taken against his Person But while he thus became serviceable to the Crown he was always careful not to suffer the Cardinal to have any Command over him To which purpose he diligently set himself to destroy whatever might be 〈…〉 to his Elevation So that understanding that the Cardinal had a design to marry one of his Nieces with the Duke of Richlieu he continually 〈◊〉 that Match as he had disappointed the rest and engaged the young Lord to marry the Marquess 〈…〉 's Widow and carry'd 'em in his own Coach to 〈◊〉 a House belonging to the Duke of Longueâ—â—â—â— where they were marry'd This Action render'd him more suspected at Court then if he had attempted any thing against the King's Authority And the Cardinal and his Adherents 〈◊〉 insinuated that he had procur'd that Match only to magnifie his own Reputation and to draw the D. of Richlieu to his Party because he was 〈…〉 of Havre and they took an occasion from thence to hast'n his Imprisonment But before we come to the Prince's being imprison'd 〈◊〉 will be material to give an account of certain important Passages which happen'd after the Peace This Peace not having been publish'd the Court did not deem it convenient for the Welfare of the State as well in reference to Affairs at Home as Abroad that the King should return immediately to his Capital City For the Ministers did not think it safe to envelop themselves among an enrag'd Populacy whom they had so lately besieg'd and in regard the Campaign drew near 't was a plausible pretence for taking a Progress towards the Frontiers upon some considerable Employment Moreover they were in hopes that time would calm their minds and bury the Remembrance of things past As for the Prince he thought it was for his Interest and his Honour to shew himself to a people that had so often loaded him with Imprecations For which reason he went to Paris and shew'd himself alone in his Coach which drew upon him the Respect and Fear of the people but abated their Resentments The greatest part of the Parliament and the principal of the Frondeurs Party made him Visits for five or six days together after which he return'd to Court where the Cardinal 's great Joy that he had open'd the way to Paris was allay'd by his Jealousie of the smallest Actions of that great Prince whose Valour had drawn upon him the Awe and Veneration of those very persons whom his Courage had offended Upon his arrival the Cardinal desirous to remove so dangerous a Competitor propos'd to him the Command of the Army in Flanders But the Prince refus'd to accept it whether it were that he saw the Cardinal's Aim and Intention through the Proposal and that he took delight to mortifie him or that it was more grateful to him to rule the Cabinet 'T is true that he had a design to have gone to his Government of Burgundy with an intention to pacifie the Troubles of Guyen and Provence that were in Arms through the Misunderstandings between the Governors and the Parliaments But the Cardinal and the Abbot de lâ— Bâ—viere had frustrated his Intermediation to whose Authority the persons concern'd had referr'd 〈◊〉 differences for they were afraid lest his Umâ—â—â—â—ge should augment his Reputation and his Power However he would not give over the Journey and whâ—n he departed from Compeigne the Cardinal took his Leâ—ve of him with a strong Guard as if he durst not trust his Life with the person who had so often ventur'd his own Life for his preservation At parting the Prince desir'd the Commander de Souvie Le Tellâ—â— and other the Cardinal's Confidents and charged Marhille his Domestick Servant to tell him That he could be none of his Friends if he thought of marrying his Niece to the Duke of Mercoeur All this while the Court had a powerful Army on Foot commanded by Count d' Hareourt who had Orders to sit down before Cambray For the Cardinal was in hope to refix himself in his Ancient Splendor by such a glorious Conquest as that with which he â—â—ckl'd his Fancy so much the more because the Duke had no
it three times with tâ—â—ir bâ—sts men but were repuls'd by Rochefoucault whâ— had brought thither the Prince of Conde's Guâ—â—ds and his own at the same time that the Citiâ—â—nâ— dâ—â—ertâ—d it The Besieg'd also made three or â—oâ—r Sallies in every one of which they clear'd the Tâ—â—nchesâ— and burnt the Enemies Lodgments insoâ—â—â—h that in Thirteen days after the Trenches were 〈◊〉 they were no fâ—rther advanc'd then at first But iâ—â—egard the Bourdelois had not Infantry enough to believe the Guards of the Gates attack'd and for that those who were neither kill'd nor wounded were 〈◊〉 for service by reason of their being weari'd with thirâ—â—en days hard service together Bouillon and Rochefâ—â—caâ—lt found a way to relieve 'em by causing the â—avalry to serve a foot and they stay'd there themselves the four or five last days without stirring 〈◊〉 their Poâ—â—s to encourage the Soldiers by their Eâ—â—mple Before I go any farther 't is requisite for the keepâ—â—g iâ— memory the just and distinct Ideas of so many 〈◊〉 Accidents to let you know That the Remotâ—ness of the Court and the King's Army now buâ—â—â—â—â—â—ploy'd in Guyenne gave Turenne leisure to make great Progresses He therefore taking advantage oâ— the opâ—ortunity took in Caâ—elet La Chapelle Chatâ—â—â— Porâ—ien and Rhetel and made a shew of marching toward Paris to release the Princes who were at â—incennes The news of his March struck a Terror into the Capital City and made 'em think of a secuâ—eâ— Pâ—ison wherein to confiâ—e the Princes Thereupon they all agreed That it was absolutely necessary that they should be remov'd from Vincennes But the difficulty was to agree upon the place where they might be more in safety Madam Chevreuse and the Keeper of the Seals could not determine the point for there was more in it then only to remove the Princes from Vincennesâ— Tellier Secretary of State and others of the Cardinal's Friends propos'd Havre according as Mazarine had design'd The Coadjutor thought they were safe enough where they wereâ— or if they must be remov'd no better place then the Bastile Beaufort was of the same opinion and stifly maintain'd That to put 'em in any other place would be to deliver 'em up to the Cardinal and give him an opportunity to make use of 'em when he pleas'd against his Royal Highness himself That rather then suffer it he would expose himself to the greatest dangers That he made no question but that he should be upheld by the people and that with their support he would undertake any thing The Duke of Orlâ—ance was a long time before he could resolve what to do but at length his fears augmenting upon the news of Turenne's March he began to think it high time to resolve upon something However the diversity of opinions and particularly Beaufort's Threatnings put him to a stand besides that the Castles of Pontoise and St. Germans en Laye were propos'd to him But being beset with difficulties on every side he bethought himself of Marcoussy enclos'd between two Rivers surrounded with Moats full of water and strong enough to oppose as well the Enemies of the State as the Prince's Friends The principal Friends which the Prince had at Paris were the Duke of Nemours and the Count of Tavanes the first was his Rival for they both lov'd Madam de Chatillon which made it a wonder at first that the Duke should be so much concern'd for the Prince In short after the Princes were caâ—ry'd to 〈◊〉 the Dutchess of Chatillon had link'd her seâ—â— with the Princess Dowager of Conde and had so 〈…〉 her business that she had brought over 〈◊〉 to the Prince's Interest for whom in truth she had 〈◊〉 so great a kindness as for the Duke but lov'd him however well knowing he had a great 〈◊〉 for her 'T is true that it might be very probable that 〈…〉 not believe that the Dutchess of Chatillon acâ—ed for the Prince out of any principle of Love And perhaps it might be likewise true that the Dutchess did not solely act by that principle but thâ—t the Obâ—â—gations for which she was indebted to the Princeâ— thâ— Community of â—nterests and the 〈◊〉 she had to be ally'd to the first Prince of the 〈◊〉 might be stronger Motives to induce her to engage 〈◊〉 to take the Prince's side For the underâ—â—â—nâ—ing of which 't is necessary you should know That the Dutchess of Chatillon Daughter of 〈…〉 who lost his â—ead for fighting a Duel coâ—traâ—y to the Edicts of Lewiâ— XIII was marry'd to Gâ—spar Duke of Chatillon by the â—ntermediation and Câ—â—dit of the Prince tho he were himself in Love with heâ— before But because Gaspar de Coligny afterwardâ— Duke of Chaâ—illâ—n upon the Dâ—ath of his Father and his eldest Brotheâ— was in Love with Madam de Bâ—utteviâ—e Coligny besought the Duke to quit his pretension alledging â—hat he had a Design to 〈◊〉 her The Prince who was both a Friend and Kâ—nsman of Coligny's and one who had no other then a â—are design of Courtship upon the Lady besides that his Passion was but newly kindl'd made up scruple to resign his Amours and promis'd him that he would not only banish 'em from his thoughts but 〈◊〉 him against the Marshal his Father and his Kindred that oppos'd the Match In short notwithstanding all the Decrees of Parliament and all Obstacles that the Marshal laid in his way the Prince assisted Coligny so well that he caus'd him to carry away Madam de Boutteville by Force and lent him Twenty thousand Franks for his Subsistence Coligni carry'd his Mistress to Chesteau-Thierry where the Marriage being consummated the new-marry'd Couple retir'd to Stenay a place of Security which the Prince to whom it belong'd had lent 'em for their Residence Coligni's not being of Age when he married rendring the Marriage void yet being of Age upon his return to Paris there was a Contract of Marriage drawn up at Conde-House before the Lady's Relations and then they were marry'd again at Nostre-Dame by the Coadjutor Some time after Madam de Chatillon not finding her self well went to the Waters of Bourbon where the Duke of Nemours met her and fell in Love with her After which they lov'd each other with an extraordinary Passion insomuch thaâ— Nemours could refuse nothing that Madam de Chatillon demanded of him But to return to the Series of our History Nemours whom Love had engag'd on the Prince's side and â—avanes who was return'd incognito to Paris after the Surrender of Bellegarde made it their business to make Friendsâ— and upon the report of the Prince's being to be remov'd from Vincennes had got together all the Friends that possibly they could with Instructions to be ready to mount along with 'em upon the first call But when the Princes were remov'd from Vincennes to Marcoussy they were attended by such a numerous Guard that Nemours and Tavanes did not think it convenient to appear and so dismiss'd all those persons that
bore his Naâ—â— or to the 〈◊〉 of thosâ— that had wound themselves into hiâ— favoâ—â— to obtain diâ—â—â—dgments that several have been câ—â—strain'd to quâ—â— their Habitations and retire into the Countries round about adjoining With what woâ—ds 〈◊〉 we seâ— forth the Affair of Hâ—â—re and the 〈◊〉 ways which he made use of to make himself 〈◊〉 of that Place one of the most Impoâ—â—ant in the Kâ—ngdom for the sâ—itâ—ation of it and without contrâ—dâ—â—tiâ—â— the best for the strength of it After he 〈…〉 use of several Artificeâ— to seduce the Youth 〈…〉 Cousin the Duke of Richliâ—â— on purpose to 〈◊〉 him marâ—y clâ—ndestinly a Woman who for mâ—â—â—â—â—spects is â—ntirely at his devotion not contented 〈◊〉 â—ensibly offended us by promoting together with the Prince of Conti and the Dutchess of Lâ—ngâ—evâ—llâ— hiâ— Sister the Match of a Duke and Peer prefâ—â—â—'d 〈◊〉 one of the Principal Offices of State withoâ—◠〈◊〉 Knowledge and Permission and authorising 〈…〉 presence a Contract prohibited by the Laws oâ—â—he Kingdom as if it had not been enough by this uâ—â—â—wful means to have made himself master of the pâ—â—son of a Young Man he caus'd him to depart upon his Wedding-night gave him for his Counsellor and Conductor the person of all his Creatures that ha◠〈◊〉 employ'd to debaush him and made him throw â—â—mself with all speed into Haâ—re to the end he might make himself Master of that Place which being seated at the Mouth of the Seine might afford him the means to master Rouen and Paris and keep under his subjection all the Trade of those two Cities enable him to admit Foreign Assistance and introduce their Forces into the Kingdom whenever for his particular Ends he had a desire to trouble the States And for that he judg'd it convenient at the same time that there should be a good number of Couriers dispatch'd toward the said Duke of Richlieu to let him understand Our Interest and his own at that Conjuncture he dispatch'd several at the same instant to sâ—op others upon the Road thereby violating to the highest degree imaginable the Respect Fidelity and Obedience which he owes us After which more desperately daring the Queen having sent her self a Person expresly to carry her Orders to St. Maure the Governor of Haâ—re upon an Accident of so high Consequence and to let him understand how much he was oblig'd to preserve the Place without suffering any change the Prince was no sooner advertis'd of it but he dispatch'd away another Courier and commanded that if any person should come thither with Orders from the Queen they should throw him into the Sea with a stone about his neck and this with so much presumption so much scorn of Our Authority that he is the first who could ever boast of iâ— Lastly that he might wholly by divers ways deprive us of the disposal of that Place he sent away in all haste the Lady her self who had so lately been beholding to him for her Match furnish'd her with Money to enable her more and more to gain upon the Affection of the Young Duke and conveys by other means still more Money for the payment of the Garison thereby to gain the good-will of the Officers and Soldiers And that he might have moreover other People more at his devotion and well known to him he order'd the Lady to be guarded by a good number 〈…〉 who put themselves into the Place giving 〈◊〉 thaâ— there was a Design laid to seize her upon the 〈◊〉 So many Attempts upon the Royal Power of â—hich this last alone of Havre deserves a most rigâ—â—â—â—â— punishment has not left us any reason to â—â—ubt of the pernicious Designs of Our said Cousin 〈…〉 then of his boldness to put 'em in execution 〈◊〉 we not in time apply'd a Remedy proportionable to â—he violence of the Distemper However To the â—â—d you may be likewise inform'd of the new ways whâ—ch 〈◊〉 study'd to push on his Design and of the worâ— which he had cut out for us and which we have prevented by his detention we shall tell you 〈◊〉 was under deep Consultation in the last place He â—reâ—ted with the Ambassador of Mantua for the purchase of the Town and Principality of 〈◊〉 not only without Our Leave but câ—â—â—â—ary also to what we had expresly always refus'd him to meddle with And because we had warily 〈◊〉 some difficulties about the Price the Sieur 〈◊〉 â—â—clar'd a little while since to the said Embassadoâ— Thâ—â— his Master would within a few days send away a Person expresly to Mantua to conclude the â—usineâ—â— with the Duke himself Upon some obstructâ—â—â— that â—ose about the Enjoyment of Clermonâ— and the dâ—mesnes adjoining tho easie to have been sâ—â—mâ—â—nâ—ed as appears since he was already given 〈◊〉 understand that if he were disturb'd in his posâ—â—ssion there 't was but just that Sedan should be given hâ—m and all the Demesnes belonging to it which we had given our Cousin the Duke of Bouilâ—on uâ—on the payment of many Millions upon which some of his Creatures presently set a foot a Negotiation with the Siâ—ur d' Aiguebere for the purchase of the Goâ—eâ—nment of Mount Olympus which he made account to pay with his own Mony that so the Governâ—â—â—â— might fall in the hands of some of his own Freinds to the end there might be no place in Bâ—rgundy but what should he at his Command except Câ—alâ—ns He pressed us to purchase of the Sieure d' Pressis Bezanson â— at our own charges the Governmenâ—â— of the City aâ—d Citâ—adel of the City of Autune for one of his Creatures He had also redoubl'd his extraordinary diligence but a little beforeâ— to marry the Marquiss de la Moussaye with the Daughter of the Sieur d' Erlack Governour of Brissaâ— to the end he might have that important Place also at his Devotion although as well in that as in all other things we have reason to commend the Conduct and Fidelity of the said Sieur d' Erlack We have been also inform'd from other parts that he set a foot some other matches by that means to bring under his devotion the Principal Officers of the Kingdom and the greatest number of the most considerable strong Holds He had sent for up to Court notwithstanding all his Infirmities our Cousin the Marshal of Breze â— to the end they might joyn together to demand the Employment of Chief and Superintendent of Metz to the which though neither the one not the other could have the least imaginary shadow of any Claim yet the said Prince had been already twice paid and the said Marshal had been gratify'd upon that consideration after his Son's death with 30000 Livres chargd upon the Rights of Ancorage which are the clearest and most ready Mony belonging to that Employment And moreover though the Marshal had some Months before got by our favour and permission a hunder'd and ten thousand Crowns for his Resignation of the Government of Anjou and â—haâ— all the
Interests and were firmly united for their Liberty should continue to be earnest for their being taken out of Prison his Eminency was resolved to go to Havre in order to set the Princes at Liberty himself without any Conditions thereby to engage the Prince of Conde to afford him his Protection and to engage him in his Interests by those good Offices to prevent the Perils that threatned him and to render all the Secret Treaties that had been made vain and useless as well as the Endeavours of those who only pursued his Liberty upon very disadvantageous Terms on his side particularly one which depriv'd him of his Governments until the King's Majority Monsieur still persisted in not going to the Palace Royal notwithstanding the Cardinal 's being remov'd from thence and all the Promoters of the Princes Liberty redoubled their Cares and Entreaties in order to obtain it The last Assembly that was held upon that Subject was at the Palace of Orleance It was composed of Monsieur and Madame de Chevreuse the Lord-Keeper the Marshal of Villeroy Monsieur Le Tellier the Duke de la Rochefoucault the President Viole Monsieur Arnaud the Duke of Beaufort and the Coadjutor After some contestations they finally agreed upon the Conditions of the Treaty and at the same time resolv'd that the Duke de la Rochefoucault the President Viole Monsieur Arnaud and Monsieur de la Villiere Secretary of State should go to Havre with a Signet Letter Sign'd by the Queen and Monsieur to put the Princes at Liberty The Cardinal being inform'd with the Resolution of that Assembly which was held immediately after Dinner he set strait forward towards Havre in order if possible to prevent the Deputies and travelled all Night he arrived there on the 13 th of February in the Morning As soon as he entred the Cittadel he deliver'd a Letter from the Queen to De Bar who commanded there whereby he was ordered to do whatever his Eminency should desire for the Liberty of the Princes After this he waited upon the Prince whom he salutedâ— telling him Sir I come from Her Majesty to restore you your Liberty Forget your Prison love the King and believe me ever your Servant The Prince answered That he thank'd the Queen for the Justice she did him that he would forget what was past and that he would still continue to maintain and promote as he had ever done the Interest of the King and State After this the Cardinal had a Conference with the Princes which lasted above an hour The only Account we have of it is That the Cardinal endeavour'd at first to Justifie himself telling them the Reasons that had induc'd him to secure them And that in the next place he desired their Friendship adding haughtily that they were free to grant it or refuse it and that upon any Terms they might go out of Havre that very moment and repair where ever they pleas'd Apparently the Princes promis'd him whatever he desir'd He din'd with them about Ten a Clock and after a short Repast he had a private Conference with the Prince to whom he said after some other Discourse that the Duke of Orleance had contributed much to his Imprisonment at the Coadjutor's Sollicitation and that therefore the safest way for his Highness was to joyn entirely with the King and Queen in order to ruin the Faction of the Frondeurs That all the good Places that were in his Friends Possession should be his provided he would be for Their Majesties and that as to what related to the Government his Highness might Discourse with Monsieur de Lionne about it to whom he had imparted all his Secrets The Cardinal attended him to his Coach and in presence of the Princes of Conty and Longueville who were got into it before he humbled himself to embrace his Knees and to beg his Protection with Tears in his Eyes against his Enemies After this the Princes went away accompany'd by the Marshal de Gramont and lay Three Leagues off at a House called Grosmenil in the way from Havre to Roans where the Deputies afore-mentioned arrived a moment after them with Orders from the Court who could not come sooner by reason of a Difference between Monsieur de la Urilliere and Monsieur Le Tellier Monsieur Le Tellier was desirous to have the Commission of going to Havre in order to make his Court to the Prince and to enter into his Favour again and the other likewise pretended to it because Normandy was within his District The Difference was adjudg'd in favour of the last The Princes departed next Morning from Grosmenil for Paris where they arrived on the 16 th at Night It is impossible to express the general Joy that appear'd in that great City at their Arrival The best part of the Souldiers and Inhabitants wept for Joy at sight of the Prince of Conde and all strove to out-do each other in their different expressions of iâ— He receiv'd proofs of that Publick Joy even at Pontoise where abundance of Persons of the greatest Quality met him He was met by a great many more at St. Dennis all the way was so throngd with Coaches and People that one could not sufficiently admire how such a general Joy could be occasion'd by the Liberty of a Man whose Imprisonment but thirteen or fourteen Months before had been so agreeable to every body The Duke of Orleance met the Princes between La Chapelle and St. Dennis and by the precipitation wherewith he ran to embrace the Prince he discovered the reality of the Complement he made him which was that he had never been so transported with Joy as he was at that moment nor had ever done any Action with so much Satisfaction The Prince made him an Answer as to the Authoâ— of his Liberty Monsieur having in the next place embrac'd the Prince of Conty and the Duke of Longueville presented the Duke of Beaufort and the Coadjutor whom he had brought along with him to the Prince of Conde who received them very kindly after which the Prince got into the Duke of Orleance's Coach together with the Prince of Conty the Duke of Longueville the Duke of Beaufort the Coadjutor the Marshal de la Motte and the Prince of Guimene They lighted at the Palais Royal amidst all the Acclamations of the People Monsieur presented the Princes to the King and Queen whom he had not visited himself until the day before There appeared more Complements and Civilities at that first Interview than Tenderness and real Reconciliation They found the Queen upon her Bed with whom they tarry'd but little after having return'd her Thanks for the Justice she had done them in â—estoring them to their Liberty Monsieur return'd to his own Palace of Luxemburg and the Prince went to make a Visit to the Duke of Nemours and that very Evening he waited upon the Dutchess of Orleance and express'd a great deal of Obligation to her
the Government of Stenay which was vacant by the Death of la Moussaie So that this Action of Marsin may bear two very different Construâ—tions Those who will consider him abandoning â— Province the King had entrusted him with will find him very disloyal and those who will look upon him running after most pressing and almost indispensible Obligations will believe him a very worthy Gentleman Few Persons of sense will dare to say that he is Guilty or declare him Innocent In fine both those that are against him and those that favour him will agree in pitying of him the one for a Fault he was necessitated to commit the others for having acquitted himself of what he ow'd by a fault The Court was at that time at Poitiers as I have said and Monsieur de Chateauneuf possess'd in appearance the first Place in Affairs altho' the Cardinal still possess'd it in Effect Nevertheless this Old Man's firm decisive familiar way of proceeding directly opposite to the Cardinal 's began to give a relish to his Ministry and even began to please the Queen The Cardinal was too well inform'd thereof to suffer him to gain any more ground and it is very probable that he judg'd his return absolutely necessary to remedy the Evil he dreaded in his own particular since otherwise he little consulted the Interest of the State in so much that thereby he afforded the Duke of Orleance and the Parliament of Paris a Pretence to declare against the Court. The Marshal d' Hoquincourt was order'd to receive Cardinal Mazarin upon the Frontiers Luxemburg with 2000 Horse and to attend 〈◊〉 where the King should be He cross'd the Kinâ—â—dom without the least molestation and arriv'd Poitiers as much Master of the Court as he had 〈◊〉 been They affected to give Monsieur de Chaâ—eaâ—neuf little share in this Return but still withoâ—â— altering any thing in the rest as to the exâ—eâ—iouâ— oâ— giving him the least mark of disfavour Thâ— Cardinal himself made some advances to him buâ— he being unwilling to expose himself and conâ—â—â—dering that it was neither safe nor honourable foâ— a Man of his Age and Experience to continue 〈◊〉 the management of Affairs under his Enemy anâ— that he should undoubtedly continually be expos'â— to whatever Mortifications he should be pleas'd tâ— impose upon him he took this Pretence to retire that whereas by his Advice it had been resolv'â— that the King should remove to Angouléme thaâ— Design was alter'd without having communicated it to him and at the same time the Siege of Anâ—gers resolv'd upon contrary to his Sentiments Iâ— so much that having taken his Leave of the King he retir'd to Tours The Court departed soon after to go to Anger 's where the Duke de la Rochefoucault had made the People rise and that Province had declar'd it self for the Prince at the very time that the Duke of Orleance and the Paâ—liament of Paris joyn'd with him against the Court. All France seem'd in suspence in expectation of the Event of that Siege which might have produc'd great Consequences had the Defence of it prov'd long enough or vigorous enough to stop the King For besides that the Prince thereby might have secur'd the best Places and best Neighbouring Provinces it is most certain that the Example of the Duke of Orleance and of the Parliament of Paris would have been follow'd by the most considerable part of the Kingdom In effect had the Court been forc'd to raise that Siege it would have been reduc'd to great Extreams and the King's Person had been expos'd to great dangersâ— had it happen'd at the time the Duke of Nemours entred France with the Army from Flanders and the Prince's Old Troops without meeting any Resistance This Army pass'd the River Seine at Mâ—nte where the Duke of Beaufort who commanded the Duke of Orleance's Forces joyn'd the said Duke of Nemours and together march'd with an Army of 7000 Foot and 3000 Horse towards the River Loire where they were certain of Blois and Orleance But whether Anger 's were not in a Condition to hold out a Siege by the Division of the Inhabitants or whether the Duke de Rohan was unwilling to venture his Life and Fortune in confiding in People that seem'd wavering and astonish'd he deliver'd up the place to the King without much Resistance and was allow'd to retire to the Duke of Orleance at Paris Things were in this condition when the Prince remov'd from La Bergerie where he had remain'd three Weeks without Count d' Harcourt's who was on the other side of the River at Tonay Charante and Master of the Bridge of Boats having undertaken any thing against him Nevertheless as the Number and Goodness of his Forces was very much inferiour to the King's Army he avoided the occasions of being constrain'd to so unequal a Combat To that end he march'd to la Bernette three Leagues distant from the King's Army in order to have more time to consider in case they should march up to him He remain'd there some time without any considerable Action on either side But finding that far from making any Progress in that Country he was not able to remain there in sight of Count d' Harcourt he turn'd all his thoughts to the preservation of Guienne and to Fortifie the Cities that were in his Party To that end he resolvd to march thither with his Army and believ'd himself capable to maintain Saintonge for some time in leaving on the one side the Count du Doignon in the Garrisons the Spaniards at Talmont and the Prince of Tarente in Saintes and Taillebourg to hasten their Fortifications Having thus given his Orders he caus'd his Infantry and his Baggage to march to Talmont in order to be Transported by Sea to Bourdeaux and after a long march with his Cavalry the first day he stopt the second at St. Andras within four Leagues of Bourdeaux believing himself without the Enemy's reach But Count d' Harcourt who had follow'd him close arriv'd within sight of his Quarter when he least suspected it and would certainly have forc'd it had his foremost Troops entred it without hesitation whereas they plac'd themselves in Battalia over against St. Andras whilst the others attack'd the Quarter of Baltazar who repuls'd them with Vigour and came to joyn the Prince who got on Horse back at the very first noise They remain'd some time in sight but the Night proving very dark there was no Combat and the Prince retir'd without any loss being more oblig'd to the Enemies over-great precaution for his Safety than to his own Count d' Harcourt follow'd him no farther and the Prince persisting in the Design of going to Bergerac in order to Fortifie it pass'd at Libourne of which the Count of Maure was Governour and left Orders with him for the continuation of some Out-works The Marshal de la Force arriv'd at Bergerac just as he did with his Son the Marquess of Castelnau who commanded
a strong Garrison And therefore he resolv'd to throw the Regiment of Foot of Conty into it and to take possession of one of the Gates of the City in order to oblige the People to receive a Garrison But whereas this Design was not kept secret it was soon rumour'd throughout the City Upon which the Inhabitants immediately betook themselves to their Arms and made Barricadoes The Prince of Conde being inform'd therewith got on Horse-back to stop the Tumult by his Presence and to remain Master of the Gate of Grave until the aforesaid Regiment had taken possession of it But the arrival of the Souldiers increas'd the Disorder instead of appeasing it They entred and made a halt in the first Street and tho' the Prince of Conde the Prince of Conty and all the Officers endeav'd to appease the Disorder they could not hinder the Streets from being barricado'd in a moment However the People still preserv'd their Respect towards the Prince of Conde and towards all the General Officers but at the same time the Animosity increas'd in all places where his Presence was wanting It was impossible that things should remain long in that condition the Souldiers as I have already related had taken Possession of the Gate of Grave and half the adjoyning Street The People were in Arms all the Streets were barricado'd and Corps â—e Guards plac'd every where Night drew on which would have increas'd the Disorder and the Prince of Conde found himself necessitated either to quit the Town shamefully or cause it to be pâ—ilag'd and burnt either of which apparently would have ruin'd his Affairs For if he quitted the Town the King's Forces would be receivd into it and if he burnt it it would occasion the Revolt of the whole Province against him Those Reasons induc'd him to endeavour an Accommodation which in appearance might save his Authority and serve for a pretence to Pardon the Inhabitants of Agen. The Duke de la Rochefoucault spoke to some of the most considerable Citizens and prevail'd with them to go to the Town-Hall there to Depute some among them to the Prince to beg his Pardon and to intreat him to come to their Assembly there to prescribe the means to preserve Agen in the Submission and Loyalty they had sworn to him The Prince accordingly went thither and told them that it had always been his Intention to preserve their Freedom entire and that the only end for which he had sent Souldiers thither was to ease them and help them to Guard the City but that since they did not desire it he was willing to remove them provided the City would raise a Regiment of Foot at their own Charge and give him the Names of the Officers These Conditions were easily agreed to the Barricado's were remov'd the Souldiers march'd out again and the City remain'd in appearance as quiet and full of Submission as it was before the Sedition The Prince of Conde who could not confide in those Appearances remain'd some time in Agen to put the City in its former state again at which time he receiv'd the News that the Army from Flanders Commanded by the Duke of Nemours and the Duke of Orleance's Forces Commanded by the Duke of Beaufort were joyn'd and on their March towards the River Loire This Joy was notwithstanding mix'd with some Disquiet On the one hand he saw an Army from Spain he had so long expected in the middle of the Kingdom which might come to the Relief of Montroâ—d or to joyn with him in Guienne But at the same time he was also inform'd that the Dukes of Nemours and of Beaufort could no ways agree and that their Division was grown to a very dangerous pitch Their Armies being separate it was impossible for them to keep the Field before the King's Army Commanded by the Marshals of Turenne and Hoquincourt reinforc'd by the Troops â—he Cardinal had brought along with him besides the Neighbourhood of the Court The Duke of Nemours's Orders were to cross the River of Loire in order to relieve Montrond and to March immediately towards Guienne whereas the Orders the Duke of Beaufort daily receiv'd from the Duke of Orleance were directly opposite Monsieur could not consent that the Army should march away so far from Paris fearing lest the People or the Parliament should alter their minds seeing the Duke of Nemours's Army march into Guienne while the King 's remain'd in their Neighbourhood The Coadjutor of Paris in whom Monsieur confided most at that time seconded this Advice and augmented the fear and Natural Iâ—resolutions of that Prince By keeping the Army on this side the River Loire he made it of no use to the Prince of Conde whose Enemy he was and made himself more considerable at Court by shewing that being Master of Monsieur's Conduct it was in his power to advance or keep back the Progress of the Army and thus omitted no means to obtain a Cardinal's Cap. Chavigny on his side harbour'd as great Designs he expected to govern Monsieur by making him senâ—â—â—le that â—e govern'd the Prince and flatter'd himâ—â—â—â— to become Master of the Prince's Conduct by shewing him he was Master of Monsieur's His Projects did not stop there from the very beginning of the War he had taken his Measures to become â— Negotiator of Peace and had united himself to the Duke of Roâ—an believing that he might be equally useful to him with Monsieur and with the Prince He likewise thought he had taken all necessary precautions towards the Cardinal by means of Fabret Governour of Sedan and whereas he â—ut no Bounds to his Ambition and his Hopes he did not question but in making a particular Peace he should be chosen with the Cardinal to conclude the General Peace He fancy'd moreover that making use of the Credit the Prince of Conde could give him among the Spaniards he should have all the Credit of the Good Successes and the Cardinal on the contrary all the Shame and blame of â—he ill Events And that thus he should enter into the Ministry of Affairs again either with the Glory of having concluded the Peace or with the Advantage of laying the blame of it on Mazarin in case it should not be effected In order thereunto he writ several times to the Prince to press him to quit Guienne he represented to him how necessary his Presence was in the Army that in suffering it to be destroy'd he would lose his last Stake but that in making Progresses in the heart of the Kingdom and in the King's sight he would not only immediately retrieve his Affairs in Guienne but all the rest of his Party The Prince of Conde suffer'd himself easily to be perswaded by Chavigny's Reasons but the principal Motive which induc'd him to it was his desire of quitting Guienne at a time when the weakness of his Army oblig'd him continually to fly before Count d' Harcourt He communicated his Design to the Duke de la Rochefoucault
them with three Gentlemen and they arriv'd together at Chastillon without any danger The Prince of Conde receiv'd Tidings there of the Army he was going to joyn and was inform'd that it lay towards Lory near the Forest of Orleance within Eight Leagues of Chastillon he heard moreover that Ten or Twelve Chevaux-Legers of the King's Guard together with some Officers were at that time at Chastillon whereupon he resolv'd to remove from thence about Midnight with speed with a Guide for Lory This Guide had like to have occasion'd his Ruin for after a long March he found that he was but within a short League of Gien in so much that going about to quit that Road to tuâ—n towards Lory the Prince pass'd within Thirty Yards of the place where St. Maure lay in wait for him But whether he did not know him or durst not Charge him nothing oppos'd his Passage and he arriv'd at Lory where he heard certain News of his Army which was but two Leagues distant from them Althoâ— he conceal'd himself with the same precautions he had us'd elsewhere both he and the Duke de la Rochefoucaulâ— were discover'd by several Inhabitants of the place of which many were the King 's and the Duke of Orleance's Servants But this prov'd an Advantage instead of a Prejudice to him for some of them got on Horse-back with him and accompany'd him to the Army He met the Vanguard at the entrance of the Forest of Orleance some Troopers coming up to him and he having discover'd himself to them the whole Army was surpriz'd with an excess of Joy that cannot be express'd His Presence had never been so necessary as it was at that time and had never been less expected The Animosity between the Dukes of Nemours and Beaufort daily increas'd and thereby the sole Prop of the Party daily perish'd through the Division of the Chiefs at a time when the Presence of the King and his Army should have oblig'd them most to prefer the Publick Good to their particular Quarrels The Prince was too much concern'd to put an end to those Differences not to endeavour it with all the earnestness imaginable which he effected the more easily by reason that his Arrival taking the Command from them at the same time it remov'd the main cause of their Jealousie and Hatred Affairs standing in this Condition the Army march'd to Lory where they rested a day three or four days more were employ'd in going to Montargis which surrender'd without any Resistance The Army soon quitted that place by reason that it was stor'd with Corn and Wine which might be of use upon occasion as also to shâ—w an Example of Mildness which might prove advantageous to his Party in the other Cities The Army march'd from Montargis and went to Chateau-renard Gourville arriv'd there at the same time from Paris to give the Prince an account of his Friends Sâ—ntiments about his Conduct towards Monsieur and towards the Parliament Their Advices prov'd very different for some counsel'd him to remain with the Army by reason that the Resoâ—â—â—ions of the Duke of Orleance and of the Parliament would always depend on the Event of that War and that while he should be at the Head of a Victorious Army the Kingâ—s Power would reside in his hands Whereas in going to Paris he took away from his Forces the Reputation which his Presence had given them since he was necessitated to leave the Command thereof to the same Persons whose Division and Incapacity had been like to produce such great Disorders Chavigny on the contrary assur'd the Prince that his Presence was absolutely necessary in Paris That the Cabals of â—he Court and of the Cardinal of Rets daily increas'd in the Parliament and that finally they would infallibly engage the Duke of Orleance on their side unless the Prince came in Person to free him from his dependency on them and to put the Duke of Rohan and Chavigny in possession of a place they could no longer dispute with the Cardinal of Râ—ts without him They all in general agreed preferably to all other things to undertake some considerable Action against the King's Army all depending on a Successful Event At that very time the Prince of Conde receiv'd Intelligence that the Marshal of Hoquincourt's Brigade lay still in separate Quarters pretty near Chateauâ—Renard and that the next day it was to joyn again with Marshal de Turenne's Whereupon he resolv'd immediately to March up with all his Army to Marshal d' Hoquincourt's before he could have time to assemble his Forces to retire towards Marshal de Turenne and the Success answeâ—'d his Expectation He entred first into two Quarters which alarm'd the rest bâ—t that did not hinder him from taking five of them one after another The four first hardly made any resistance but the Mâ—rshal d' Hoquincourt having plac'd himself in Battalia with 800 Horse upon the border of a Brook which could only be cross'd one Man of a Breast upon a very narrow decay'd Bank seem'd resolv'd to dispuâ—e that Passage yet noâ—withstanding the Duke of Nemours had no sooner past this Defile with three or four Men but the Marshal who judg'd that all the Army was there retir'd behind that Quarter and suffer'd it to be pillag'd placing himself in Battle again in hopâ—s of an Opportunity to Charge them during the Plâ—nder This Quarter made no more Resistance than the others but whereas those Houses were cover'd with Thatch they being set on fire the Marshal d' Hoquincourt soon discover'd by that Light the Number of the Forces that were past and finding that there was not above One Hundred Horse he advanc'd to Charge them with above 800. The Pâ—ince of Conde observing this Cavalry that was falling upon him strait form'd a Squadron of what Men he had about him and march'd up to his Eâ—emy with so unequal a Number that iâ— seem'd as if Chance had assembled all the General Officers of his Army in that place to make him sâ—nsible what a Loss he might have sustain'd by an ill Event The fiâ—st Rank in which he fought himself was compos'd of the Dukes of Nemours of Beaufort and de la Rochefoucault the Prince of Marsillac the Marquess of Clinchant who commanded the Spanish Forces Count Tavannes Lieutenant-General of Guitault Gaucourt and some other Officers Both the Squadrons fir'd at a small distance and yet neither of them gave ground but two others having soon after charg'd the Prince's the Duke of Nemours was shot through the Body with a Pistol and his Horse kill'd under him The Prince of Conde's Squadron not being able to sustain two Charges so close to one another â—etird an Hundred steps in disorder towards the Quarter that was on fire but the Prince and the General Oflicers who were with him riding up to the said Squadron stopt it The Enemies contented themselves with having 〈◊〉 it give ground without breaking it Some Officers and a few Troopers only
since And being moreover very much sollicited by his Friends to abandon the Prince's Party he was glad to meet the Occasion I have related and embrac'd it with Joy The Prince having heard those words of Tavannes I have mention'd quitted that Count abruptly and told him with some Anger that he ought to think more than once on what he was going to do And when the said Count persisting still in his Resolution came to take his leave of his Highness Well Monsieur de Tavannes said the Prince to him you are then resolvd not to suffer a Companion to Command my Forces with me and that Pretence makes you run after the fair hopes which call you back to the Act of Grace Go then and give Mazarin the Satisfaction of having snatch'd my Right Arm from me to employ it against my self Count de Tavannes was calld at Paris The Prince's Right Arm. I find by what your Highness tells me reply'd the Count that you know me ill for the time I have had the Honour to serve you Is it possible that having seen me abandon all and sacrifice my Interest to that Honour only you should think my Heart base enough at present to suffer my self to be govern'd by the Passion of Interest I find by that that I am only your Right Arm because I am not on the side of your Heart But to â—ndeceive your Highness who thinks Interest capable to make me court the Friendship of that Minister I Protest and engage my Word to you that I will neither appear at Court or take any Employment until I have the Satisfaction of bâ—holding your Highness there in possession of the 〈◊〉 that is due to you Count Tâ—vannes having made this Generous Proâ—â—â—â—â—tion took his leave of the Prince and retir'd 〈◊〉 his Estate of Pailly near Langres where he â—â—â—ain'd ever since without any Employment 〈◊〉 the Court and without Gratitude from the Prince Whereas the King had only consented to Cardinal Mazarin's Absence in order to remove all Pâ—â—tences of continuing the Civil War and to re-establish Peace in his Kingdom he recall'd him as soon as the state of his Affairs did permit him This Minister who kept at no great distance and who did not cease to Act for His Majesty's Interests had no sooner deliver'd Picardy from the Exâ—â—rsions of the Enemies but he return'd to Court He arriv'd at Paris on the 3 d. of February with as much Pomp and as many Acclamations as if he had never quitted the Kingdom for the Reasons above mention'd The remembrance of all that was past seem'd to be bury'd or that it was design'd to brave the Prince of Conde's Absence The King went to meet the Cardinal and receiv'd him in the most obliging manner that could be As soon as Cardinal Mazarin found himself absolutely restor'd he apply'd his Mind to strengthen his Power by Considerable Alliances And being sensible that the Prince of Conty had no inclination to lead a Church-Life though he was design'd for iâ— he propos'd one of his Nieces to him Daughter to a Gentleman of Rome Beautiful and endow'd with all manner of Vertues The Marriage was concluded to the Satisfaction of all those that were concern'd While Paris and the Court was employ'd about Marriage and Divertisements Burgundy and Guienne persisted in their Revolt but that Rebellion did not last long The City of Bellegarde was the only one in all Burgundy that persisâ—â—d in the Prince's Party The Duke d' Espernon who was Governour of that Province besieg'd it and made himself Master of it after a brave and obstinate Resistance by Count Boutteville who Commanded there Marshal de la Ferté Senneterre Governour of Lorrain being inform'd that the Prince of Conde's Forces were not far from him attack'd them near Varennes and defeated them absolutely After which that Marshal Invested the Castle of Orne in the Verdunois the which surrender'd at the approach of Canon The Reduction of that Castle wasâ— follow'd by that of Sorbec At first the Governour refus'd to surrender but when he saw that the Canon advanc'd he offer'd to Capitulate but the Marshal de la Ferté Senneterre refus'd to give him Quarter and caus'd him to be hang'd at the Gate This Example of Severity terrify'd the Governours of the other Places to that degree that they submitted all without expecting a Siege After this the Marshal de la Ferté went to joyn Marshal de Turenne and they march'd together towards Champayne in order to quiet that Province and to reduce those Towns that held the Prince of Conde's Party They besieg'd Rhetel which was Commanded by the Marquess de Persan and having taken the Out-works they oblig'd that Governour to Surrender Count de Brinon who Commanded the King's Forces in Lorrain besieg'd Commercy the taking of which seem'd very difficult by reason of the Fortifications the Enemies had made there But the Governour 's Absence and the Vigour wherewith the Siege was carry'd on oblig'd the besieg'd to Capitulate 〈◊〉 the Reduction of those Places there was â—â—â—son â—o believe that the Rebels would soon re 〈…〉 their Allegiance And indeed the Revolt 〈◊〉 no where considerably but in Guienne 〈◊〉 Duâ—e of Candalâ— was sent to Command the King's Aâ—my there He immediately took the Casâ—le oâ— Poujols and then made himself Master oâ— â—guillon and Marmande after which he defeated the Forces Marsin sent to the Mount of Marsan â—here to take their Winter Quarters Whereby he dissipâ—â—ed the most considerable part of the Factions that subsisted still Several Cities of Limousin and 〈◊〉 were at that time powerfully sollicited to a Râ—volâ— but some of them return'd of themsâ—lvâ—â—â—o the peaceable Domination of their Lawâ—ul Soveraign and the others were constrain'd to it by force of Arms and absolutely to abandon the Prince of Conde's Party The City of Bordeaux was the only one that persisted in the Rebellion That Faction which was call'd L' Hormes was still very busie and was in hopes of Considerable Succours by Sea from Englâ—nd and from Spain In order to hinder them â—â—om receiving the Succours they expected the Dâ—ke of Vendâ—me High Admiral was order'd to approach with his Ships and to raise a Naval Armyâ— The Duke having brought his Ships near câ—us'd two Forts to be built upon the Garonne in order to make himself Master of that River He likewise seiz'd several Towns that stood upon the Boâ—ders thereof and landed some Forces to joyn to those of the Duke of Candale The Citizens of Bordeaux who were well affeâ—ted look'd with Grief upon the Continuation of the Revolt But whereas the Number of the Factious exceeded theirs they durst nor resist them Nevertheless when they beheld the King's Forces they form'd the Design of stifling the Rebellion absolutely To that end they assembled at the Town-House to conclude a General Peace They woâ—e white Ribbons and fix'd Standards of the same colour on the top of their
any other foreign Kings Potentates or Princes or any other persons whatever both within and out of the Kingdom of France with promise never to take or receive for the future from the said foreign Kings and Potentates any Pensions Establishments or Favours obliging him to have a dependency on them nor any Engagements to any King or Potentate besides His Majesty his Soveraign Lord on pain in case of Contravention to the said Writing of forfeiting from that moment the Re-habilitation and Re-establishment that is granted him by the present Treaty and to return to the same condition he was in on the 1 st day of March of the present year 4. Thirdly That the said Prince in performance of what has been before agreed upon between the said Lord-Kings shall really and in Fact deliver into his Most Christian Majesty's Hands the Cities of Rocroy Le Chaâ—elet and Linchamp at the time and day hereafter mention'd in another Article of this said Treaty 5. The Premisses being perform'd as abovesaid his most Christian Majesty in contemplation of the Peace and in consideration of his Catholick Majesty's Mediation making use of his Royal Clemency will sincerely and heartily receive the said Prince in his Favour and will with the same Sincerity forget whatever he has done or undertaken for the time past against his Service either within or out of the Kingdom and will allow his Return not only into France but even at his Majesty's Court. After which his Majesty will restore the said Prince in Reality and Fact to the free possession and enjoyment of all the Estates Honours Dâ—gnities and Priviledges belonging to the first Prince of the Blood Provided still that as to what relates to the said Estates of whatever Nature they be the said Prince shall never pretend any thing for the time past towards the Restitution of the Income or Use of the said Estates whatever persons may have enjoy'd them by His Majesty's Orders nor to the payment or restitution of his Pensions Sallaries or other Rents and Revenues he had upon the Demains Farms or General Receipts of the said Lord King nor yet upon the Account or pretence of what he might pretend to be due to him by His Majesty before his going out of the Kingdom nor for the Demolitions Degradations or Damages done by His Majesty's Orders or otherwise in any manner whatever in his Estate Cities Places fortify'd or not fortify'd Lordships Chastellenies Lands and Houses of the said Prince 6. And as to what relates to the Garrisons Governments of Provinces or Places the said Prince enjoy'd and possess'd before his going out of France his Most Christian Majesty did for a long while constantly refuse to restore them to him until his being mov'd by the proceeding and Submission of the said Prince above-mention'd when he did fully resign his Interests to his pleasure and disposition without the least Pretensions together with whatever was offer'd him by his Catholick Majesty to indemnifie him His said Most Christian Majesty did at last condescend to grant him what followeth upon certain Conditions hereafter specify'd which the said Lord Kings have agreed upon and thus granted viz. That provided his Catholick Majesty on his part instead of what he design'd to give the said Prince to Indemnifie him shall draw out the Spanish Garrison which lyes in the City Fort and Citadel of Juliers to leave the said place and Citadel free from the said Garrison to the Duke of Newburg on the Conditions and in the manner that shall be specify'd hereafter in one of the Articles of the present Treaty Aâ— also provided that his said Catholick Majesty besides the removal of the Spanish Garrison out of the City and Citadel of Juliers shall deliver to his Most Christian Majesty the City of Avennes situate between the Sambre and the Meuse with the Appurtenances Dependencies Annexations and Demains thereof in the manner his said Catholick Majesty has engag'd above by an Article of the said present Treaty the which place of Avennes his said Majesty likewise design'd among other things to give to the said Prince In Consideration of which as above-mention'd that is in Compensation of the delivery and yielding of one of the said places to the Most Christian King to be united and for ever annexed to the Crown of France and the removal of the Spanish Garrison out of the other in favour of a Prince who is a Friend and Ally to his Most Christian Majesty who is desirous to Oblige him by vertue of the said Treaty of Alliance His said most Christian Majesty for all things whatever in general that may relate to the Places and Governments the said Prince had possess'd or might reasonably be expected by those that belong'd to him without excepting any will give to the said Prince the Government of the Province of Burgundy and Bresse under which are compriz'd the Countries of Bugey Gex and Veromey As also the particular Governments of the Castle of Dijon and of the City of St. John de Laune And to the Duke of Enguien his Son the place of Lord High Steward of the Kingdom and Houshold together with Brevâ—ats of Assurance to the said Prince to preserve it in case the said Duke of Enguien should dye before him 7. His said Majesty shall grant a full Pardon by his Letters Patent in dâ—e form for whatever the said Prince his Relations Creatures Friends Adherents and Servants either Church-men or Lay-men have or may have done or undertaken for the time past against his Service in so much that it may never hurt or prejudice him or them at any time nor their Heirs Successors Administrators or Assigns as if the thing had never been Neither shall his said Majesty at any time make any Enquiry in relation to the said Prince his Relations Creatures Friends Adherents and Servants whether Ecclesiasticks or Lay-men about the Money he or they have taken out of the general or particular Receits or out of the Audits of his Farms And shall not oblige them to make any Restitution of the said Money or Sums nor of all the Levies or Gatherings Contributions Impositions Exactions impos'd upon the people or Acts of Hostility committed in France in any wise whatever Which shall be explain'd more at large in the said Pardon or Letters Patent for the entire Security of the said Prince and of those that have follow'd him in order that they may never be prosecuted troubled or molested about it 8. That as soon as the said Prince shall have perform'd on his part what is contain'd in the three Articles 2.3 4. of this present Treaty all Dutchies Counties Lands Lordships and Demains even those of Clermont Stenay and Dun as he enjoy'd them before his going out of France and that of Jamets also in case he did enjoy it the which heretofore belong'd to the said Prince Together with all and every his other Estates Moveables or Immoveables of any kind whatever in the manner
a way to dye well In the mean time the Duke and Dutchess as well as the Prince of Conty begg'd his leave to see him once more to which he consented on Condition they should retire immediately They withdrew immediately having seen him but he was not long without thinking on them For within half an hour he desired a Jesuit to go to them from him to bid them a last Farewel After which Monsieur de Marege who belongs to the Prince of Conty being come into his Chamber he received him in that obliging manner he was wont to receive every body especially those he loved and esteemed as he did that Gentleman He told him You have always served your Master 〈…〉 well Continue so to do and never do anyâ—â—ing â—erogatory to the Honour you have of belonging to 〈◊〉 He confides in you You may tell him from me 〈…〉 present more sensible of than ever I wasâ— â—hat â— man must be Iust and Good during his Life and that there is nothing else solid After which he remain'd for some time silent But then resuming â—he Discourse again and giving some new Orders a Divine venturing to tell him that he lived like a Great Man and that he ought to dye in the same manner but especially like a good Christian he took him by the Hand and said You praise me and I do now deserve it From that moment he did nothing singular and expir'd so quietly that it was hardly observed Thus dyed that great Prince on the Eleventh of December 1686. after having lived Sixty Five Years Three Months and Three Days While the Prince of Conde lay a Dying at Fontainebleau the King caus'd that Great Man's Letter to be read at Versailles Those who observed the three Tenses of his Letter how slightly he pass'd over his Services at the beginning and at the end of his Life and how sincere an Acknowledgment he made of his Faults about the middle were extreamly mov'd by his Modesty and the King himself could not refrain Tears saying That he lost a great Prince these were his own words And when that part of the Letter was read where the Prince return'd his Thanks and declar'd that he dyed Contented and too Happy since he had so much Life left as to express his Gratitude his Devotion and if he might say so his Tenderness to the King every body did him the Justice to say that he had Written sincerely That very day the Duke wrote three Lines to the King to â—â—quaint him with the Prince his Father's Death The Duke went to Versailles on the 15 th of December to pay his Respects to the King who received him with all the Kindness imaginable And His Majesty express'd to him on the Occasion the Obliging Sentiments he preserved for him and for his Father He had taken the Prince of Conty along with him whom he presented to the King who made him sensible by his Reception that he did not repent the Pardon he had granted him three days before out of Respect to the Prince and at the Intreaty of the Duke The Duke did not tarry long at Versailles and return'd soon to Paris He received sufficient Testimonies both at Court and in the City that the Prince his Father's Death had made a deep Impression in the Hearts and Minds of all People In the mean time the Order that had been given for carrying the Prince's Body to Valery were put in execution All things being ready the Duke went away before any body on the 21 st of December and tarry'd at Fontainebleau for the Prince of Conty who came thither from the King The Princ's Body was carry'd to Valery on the 22 th and his Heart to the Church of the Professed House of the Jesâ—its at Paris on the 24 th being Christmas-Eve This Ceremony was perform'd with great Magnificence And the Duke who appeared in every thing omitted none of the Duties his Good Nature and Gratitude exacted from him After which the most Eloquent Persons in the Kingdom were employ'd in making Funeral Orations in the Praise and Honour of the Prince of Conde The King having mourn'd the loss of that great Prince and often declar'd in the middle of the Court sighing that he had lost the greatest Man of his Kingdom assembled the greatest Persons of his Kingdom in Notre Dame of Paris on the â—â— th of March there to pay in Pâ—blick what was â—ue to the Memory of that Princeâ— and Ordered the Bishop of Meaux to speak the Funeral Oration That Oration is very fine and worthy its Author and the Prince in honour of whom it was spoken The 26th of Aprill Father Bourdaloüe who about three Years and a half before had spoken in the Church of the Professors House of his Society in presence of the Prince the Funeral Elogy of Henry of Bourbon his Father spoke a Funeral Oraâ—ion in the said Church in Praise of that great Prince whose Memoirs I am finishing That Oration is very Elegant and most Magnificent especially that part of it where Father Bourdaloüe speaks without Dissimulation and at large upon the Prince of Conde's behaviour in the Civil War is incomparable Never was so skilful and so happy a boldness known And that kind of daring in an Orator if I may use the Expression seems to revive in our Minds that Bravery and Heroick Fierceness the Prince of Conde used to shew in Battles and in the greatest Perils the which was follow'd with so much Success The Abbot du Iarry likewise spoke a Funeral Oration in Honour of the said Prince in the Church of Maubuisson before the Princess Palatine who was Abbess of that Religious House whom we have mention'd several times in theâ—e Memoirs There are Master-strokes in this last Funeral Elogy Several other Orations were made in several Provinces of the Kingdom But whereas in those kind of Discourses iâ— is usual to insist upon the Vertues of those for whom they are spoken and that commonly tho nothing it said in them but what really is yet many things are omitted by reason that those things are suppress'd which deserve no Praise and that those things are disguised which cannot be conceal'd and that by a false Light in which the Orator's skill knows how to place his Hero's dress with cunning he covers and paâ—â—es slightly over those Parts that are defective It is necessary to have recourse to History to be fully instructed of every thing and that to a faithful History like unto this I am now going to draw the Prince of Condâ—'s Picture with the same Fidelity I have observ'd throughout this Work Lew of Bourbon second of the Name first Prince of the Blood Duke of Bourbon of Chateaurex of Montmorency and Bellegarte Governour of Burgundy and Bresse first Peer Lord High Steward of France Count of Clermont Stenay Dun and Iamets Knight of the Holy Ghost and General of the King's Armies was Tall
and well Shap'd his Hair Curl'd lively Eyes a Roman close Nose his Cheeks Hollow and Lean a long Face and a very Noble and Haughty Physiognomy his Teeth ill set and uncleanly a careless Air taking little care of his Person He was of a sanguin Constitution Cholerick and Strong he lov'd Hunting Gaming Joy Pleasures and Divertisements He likewise lov'd Women but without any particular Engagements having never had any real Affection but for Madame de Chastillon In his Youth he abandon'd himself sometimes to small Debauches and at that time made very pretty diverting Verses upon any Subject that occur'd they were Extempores no Poet could equal He had a great Vivacity a clear Wit and very good Judgment and express'd himself with a great deal of Ease He had much Probity and Honour in great Actions he was not Liberal neither was he Covetous he Laugh'd much but disagreeably he was very free and very offensive in Railleries He kept no measures with any Body He was of a Rough uneasy Impetuous Passionate Temper and thereby he ruin'd all the advantages Nature and Fortune had bestow'd upon him frustrated the Extraordinary qualifications he was Endow'd with which were such that he would have obsur'd the Glory of the greatest Men in past Ages had mildness and Complaisance been Joyn'd to their lively Virtues that shin'd in him and to that Supream Valour which rais'd an Admiration in all the World He had an admirable Genius for War and particularly for Battles He was Born for military Expeditions insomuch that he wanted no Prenticeship to form him The Superiority of his Genius serv'd him instead of Art and Experience and he began by that which the most famous Conquerors would have been proud to end He had a Martial heat which made him dare and undertake all a Fire which in the execution render'd all things possible and easie to him and a firmness of Soul which no Obstacle could stop or any Peril could frighten which no Resistance could tire or discourage a Vigilancy which could not be surpriz'd a Judgment wherewith even in the most dangerous Occasions he fore-saw whatever might obstruct or favour the Event of things a great quickness in Resolving the quickness of his Action not allowing â—ime to cross it He knew incomparably well how to improve those Conjunctures and swift Moments on which Victory depends Nothing could equal his Activity which in a day of Battle made him dividing himself as it were to appear in all places Supplying all Rallying all and Maintaining all In so much that he was both General and Souldier at once and by his Presence inspir'd his Courage and Valour into a whole Army even to the vilest Members thereof And yet he preserv'd a great Presence of Mind in the heat of a Combat and a Calmness he was never so certain of as in a Engagement and in the horror of the Tumult In the Fire in the Onâ—et in the first Moâ—â—on something appear'd in him all on the sudden so clear so settled so lively so brisk so mild and so agreeable for his own Men and so â—â—erce and so thâ—eatning for his Enemies that no body could imagine from whence that mixture of such opposite Qualities could proceed How great anâ— glorious soever his Actions were he never applauded them The Court that prepar'd those Applauses for him against his return which he deserv'd aâ—mir'd his Modesty in receiving them Whenever he spoke of his Victories it was with a Modesty which neither his Complaisance for those that hearkâ—n'd to him noâ— their Curiosity could overcome When he related the gain of a Battle People would have thought he had had no share in it he only spoke in praise of those who had behav'd themselves bravely in itâ— to give them the Glory of it and to make them known at Court he never was more Eloquent or more officious than when he did them that Justice and never more wary than when any body design'd to surprize or force his Modesty to make him speak of what related personally to himself When â—ny presum'd to praise him he took their Praises for an Offence and could not endure Flattery he dreaded even the very Shadow of it He held it for a Maxim that in great Actioâ—s one should have no other end than to do well and so let Glory follow Vertue He was as sucâ—essful in Sieges as in Battles He daily invented new means to advance the taking of Towns He expos'd his Men extreamly but yet no more than his own Person and he was really persuaded that he spared his Men in abridging the time of danger by the vigour of his Attacks It is most certain that as a General he seldoâ— follow'd the common Maxiâ—â— of Warâ— his impetuous Humour which was Eâ—emy to Measure and Precaution made him neglectâ— Military Discipline and inclin'd him to act Boldly always to tempt his Fortune and even to brave it and to â—elieve that in Fighting he must be victorious and that Victory should not as it were dare to â—zeitate to declare in his Favour insomuch that no Man ever was so like Alexander nor less like Caesar excepting only Courage and Valour And therefore it was a common Saying about him That he was a great Prince by his Birth a great Man by his Fortune and a great Captain by his Courage He thought he might Command among the Ministers and behave himself in the same manner aâ— Court and in the City as he us'd to do in War which occasion'd all his Misfortunes For want of following the Rules of true Policy and of acting with Mildness and Cunning he did not sucâ—eed was guilty of several capital Faults and run on to Extreams which were attended with mortal Displeasure In his Retirement he grew sensible of his Defects and Fauâ—ts which made him sigh and by his wise Reflections he became a new Man He became a great Politician Prudent Mild Civil and Obliging He made his Court to those that were in Favour He consented with all the Signs of Satisfaction and Joy to all the Alliances the King seem'd to desire He was a Pattern of Application of Devotion of Submission and of Obedience to that Monarch All Courtiers learnt to make their Court of him In his private Life he quitted all those quick Sallies those harsh Words stinging Railleries and â—ree Expressions he had been us'd to he was altogether Mild and Civil his Expressions modest and edifying Nay moreoverâ— he commanded all his Servants to acquit themselves of those Duties to which the Profession of Christianity oblig'd them and order'd all such to be turn'd out with Remission who by their Debauches or Discourse should cause the least Scandalâ— His Conversation was free and easie and no body was perplex'd or constrainâ—d by the Respect that was due to him tho' every body was very sensible of itâ— He took care to temper that Respect in making himself familiar with some and descending to others being free with and confiding
Trenches on that side where he lay soon after lodg'd himself upon the Counterscarp of the Half-Moon which he attack'd The extream facility that he met with was the reason that he only made a brisk Onset without any Formality His Enterprize prov'd successful and was so much the more applauded because it made him Master of what he deâ—â—â—'d much sooner then if he had gone regularly to wâ—â—k However because the Trench was pearc'd thorough and not supported with any â—â—dgâ—ments â— Traverses or places of Armes and for that the â—oâ—gment which he had made upon the Half-Moon was not well secur'd it was three times regain'd and the French were driven out with great loss Nevertheless nothing but bare necessity restrain'd the Coâ—rage of the D. of Enguien His desire to repair his loss by main force had like several times to have transported him beyond his Judgment and made him abandon himself wholly to his Valour But this same Prince who as valiant as he was was no less Judicious then Brave gave ear to reason and prefâ—â—â—'d the security of formal Approaches before his boyling Indignation and the troublesome delays which the Maxims of besieging taught him before an irregular Daring And now Lorrain being joynd by the Marquiss of Caracena there happen'd some Skirmishes between the French and Spaniards â— The Besieged likewise who still expected Succour made continual Salliesâ— and moreover they rely'd upon their Garrison which was very numerous and the strength of the Fortifications For it was surrounded with a good Wall flankd with Towers with a Rampart and a Moat supply'd with water by the River But Delponâ—â— finding that he could not hope to be reliev'd that all the Half-Moons were taken and that the Besiegers began to fill up the Moate fix their Miners upon the 28 resolv'd to beate a Parley and had very honourable Articles granted him After the taking of this Place the French Army rested a while in their Camp and for sixteen days did nothing else but repair the Breaches of the City Level some part of their Lines and Fortifie the weakest places with five or six Half-Moons So soon as the French had rested they began to think of New Conquests For the Dutch Army to which the D. of Oâ—leince had sent a Reinforcement of six thousand Men were pass'd the Sheldt and the French and Dutch Armies being joyn'd Orleance advanc'd toward Berguen St. Winox which is a large City seated upon the River Colme which about a hundred Paces below falls into the Canal of Dunkirk with a resolution to Attack that place To which purpose Orleance with Ranzaus Brigade posted himself along the Colme on that side next Sanberkhenâ— Enguien fix'd himself from his left Hand as far as the Fort of Ventismulâ—r so that they had invested the City on both sides the River Gassion took his Post from the Fort of Ventisâ—â—â— beyond the Colme as far as the Grand Canal from Berghen to Dunkirk and farther to the Banks of Colme where he joyn'd to Orleance's Camp The Place was no sooner invested but Berghen and Dunkirk pull'd up all their Sluces but the French had posted themselves upon two Rising Grounds and opend two Trenches one in the Duke of Orleance's the other in the D. of Enguien's Quarter So that the Besieged seeing the French advance so furiously with their Approaches and that the Cannon from Enguiens Attack had already broken down their Walls and that they lay naked to the Shot demanded to Capitulate Which being concluded the Garrison marchd out the 31. of Iuly in very good order and was conducted to Dunkirk So soon as they were Master of Berguen a design was laid for the besieging of Mardicke To which purpose Messengers were sent into Holland to sollicit Admiral Trump to lye with his Men of War before the Place But the Marquiss of Caracena judging rightly by the March of the French Troops of the design which Orleance and Enguien had form'd sent away forthwith to Fernando de Solis â— who was Governour of Mardicke two thousand Foot and a hundred Horse with all other things necessary for the defence of the Place The Circumvallation was finish'd in three Days and upon the 8 â—h of August at Night Orleance open'd two Trenches and Enguen one The besieged on the other side made several Sallys and that which was the least advantageous and made upon Enguien â—s Trench provd to be the most Fatal to the French for the Prince upon the first noise of the Sally flew upon the Enemy with a great number of Volunteers and the Horse Guard of his Attack brake through all that oppos'd him and put all to the Sword hardly one escaping back But the Besieged â—â—â—d so furiously that their Shot from the Counterscarp the Hornwork the Half-Moons and the Bastions was fatal to a considerable number of the French The Counts of Flaiz and Rocheguyon were both slain with the Chevalier de Fiesque The D. of Nemours was wounded in the Leg with a Musquet Bullet and the D. of Eng. scorcht in the Face with a Fire-post Thus the Besieged continu'd their Sallys till the 23 d. But all their Canon being dismounted and the French pressing upon 'em with an unresistable Fury they thought it their best course to Capitulate which they did the 24 th and by their Articles they were all made Prisoners of War to the number of two thousand five hunder'd Common Soulders two Collonels and Forty Captains Some days after the Surrender of Mardicke the Duke of Orleance return'd to Court leaving the General Command of the Army to the Duke of Enguien who after he was cur'd of his Wounds pursu'd his Conquests with the same Vigour as before The Post before Mardicke was too inconvenient for the Army to make any long stay in those parts The Prince therefore dislodgd two days after and pass'd the Colme But at the same time that Mardicke I am apt to think that the Dignity of this Historyâ— may raise my mind to that pitch as to 〈◊〉 to hope without wounding my Modesty that the Recital will deserve to be suffer'd among the Learned if it may not deserve their Applause All people thought that the Campaign in Flanders during the Year 1646. would have ended with the taking of Mardicke The Season was far spent our hardships had been extream and our Victories highly Honourable Gaston Duke of Orleance after he had Commanded our Armies was recall'd to Court and all things laid together made people believe that the Army would have been laid up in their Winterâ—Quarters and that the War would not have been renew'd again till the Spring Never the less Lewis Prince of Conde never accustom'd to end his Campaignes without the having perform'd some great Exploit above the Common rate of Courage did not find his Honour yet satisfi'd And tho that after the departure of the Duke of Orleance who left him General he had in two days passd several Rivers repuls'd the Armies of
Lamboy and Caracena and taken the City of Furnes he could not consent to retreate the Winter being yet at some distanceâ— but form'd designs befitting his Reputation and his Fortune For so long as the Spaniards who knew that the loss of a General Battle would be the total Ruine of Flanders refus'd to put it to the venture and that there was no other way to continue the War but by Seiges the Prince resolv'd to undertake one more this Year and to that purpose calld his Council together to consult which place he should fall upon and all opinions were reducd to two either Menene or Dunkirk Menene is a Town seated upon the Lis between Armentiers and Courtray in a Fertil and Pleasant Country famous for the Trade it drove formerly in Coâ—â— and â—eer and which boasts her Original 〈…〉 and we had fortunately won 〈…〉 Gassion afterwards thought fit to 〈…〉 and by his care it was put into a Condition able to â—â—stain the Siege of a great Army when Câ—â—â—cena surprizd it rather through the weakness of the Garrison then for any defect of the Place They who were for regaining it alledg'd That was absolâ—tely necessary to joyn those places which we held uâ—on the Lisâ— That Menene being in the Enemies hands 〈◊〉 Convoys to Courtray could never go saâ—e that it woâ—ld râ—quire a whole Army to bridle that one City On the other side that if we had it in our own hands Provisioâ—s might be â—arryd up the River with little danger and expenceâ— that we should be in a condition to make farther Proposalsâ— without leaving any thing behind to give us annoyance that Armentieres and Courtray would facilitâ—te the conveâ—iâ—ncies of the Siege that it was not fitting to suffer an Enemy in the midst of our strong Holds and lastly that it was for the Honour of the Nation to preserve by our Armsâ— what our Arms had acquir'd us These Reasons were plausible and solid in appearance but they who did not approve 'em argu'd after this manner That the Siege of Menene requir'd the crossing of several Countries and to undertake a hasty march to prevent the Enemies Diligence and to be at leisure to entrench themselves before the whole Army could joyn which appear'd the less feasible because their Forces encamp'd about Newport near Furnes they were always restless to know our designs and that they were ready to follow us which way soever we bent our march Moreover the Siege of Courtray accomplishd in view of the Enemy with continâ—â—l hardships the Succours sent away to the Hollanders during a violent heat beyond the Nature of the Climate in a Country open and without water unless that of Câ—nals and stinking Mershes bitter and noysome our qâ—ick march toward the Sea Coast the taking of Berguen the Siege of Mardike the Expedition against Furnes had almost render'd the Army unfit for Service On the other side the Enemy having undertaken no Siege keeping themselves the best part of the Summer under the shelter of their City abounding in all sorts of conveniencies and Provisions were as fresh as when they first quitted their Garrisons and were in a condition rather to get before us to Menene then to follow us but tho we were assur'd of getting there before 'em and putting our Lines in a posture of defence yet the River of Lis running round the Place would oblige us not only to make a large Circumvallation but moreover to divide our Army into two parts and this Army would be so lâ—ssen'd as it happens alwâ—ys at the end of a Campaign where the Souldiers have suffer'd great Hardships that we shall not have Souldiers anow to defend our vast Entrenchments much less sufficient to carry on the Siege On the other side the Enemy will have the Advantage with all his Forces to assail the half of ours and afterwards to defeat the remaindeâ— if their fiâ—st attempts succeed More especially since the Return of the Infantry which had repassd the Sea would not admit 'em the least hopes of any Diversion from the Hollanders tho the Prince had sent Tourville to 'em to perswade 'em if he could to sit down before some Town were it only to divide the Spainsh Forces consequently to dream of taking Menene considering the Condition they were in was visibly to hazard for a Town of small Importance the Honour of so many Victories the Reputation of the Prince and the Loss of the Army Add to this that after the Siege of Mardike the first Advice was to regain Menene which tho then it seem'd good nevertheless the Surrender of Furnes which was as it were a Blockade upon Dunkirk and opend a way to that nobler Expedition ought to make 'em alter their Counselâ— and therefore that of the two designs they were to make choice of that which promis'd most Profit most Honour These Considerations having made 'em lay aside that Enterprize which few People contested after the taking of Furnes they fell to examine the Attempt upon Dunkirk where they could not expect to meet with fewer Difficulties For tho the Situation render'd the Circumvallation more easie and that it were but a small March for the Army yet there were so many Obstacles to obstruct the Design that it was morally impossible to surmount There is a necessity said they that one part of the Army must Encamp upon some Hills and the other among standing Pools and muddy Grounds There was no Wood in all the Neighbourhood nor any Straw for the Souldiers Hutts no convâ—nience for Lodging the Cavalry no Forrage for their Subsistance One part of the Country desert and untilldâ— the War had ruin'd the rest So that there was no likelyhood that the Army could subsist there one day much less continue a Siege The trouble of procuring Victuals was also as great which could be brought no way but by Calais or by Sea But the Dunkirkers might easily drown so much Ground as to deprive 'em of any Communicatâ—â—n by Lâ—nd and the way by Sea was no less hazardous because of the Flaâ—s and Shoals and want of Ports and altogether impossible in stormy weather So that if it should happen to be bad weather and that chance to continue but a little we must either famish or be forc'd to raise the Siege with the Ignominy of having attempted it without foresight Moreover as it was a most difficult thing to force Dunkirkâ— so long as her Port was open so there was no probability that the great Dutch Ships that had lain in the Road ever since the taking of Mardike could be able to come to an Anchor near the Shoare if the Winds began to blow so furiously as they had done more especially in the Engl. Channel where the Waves are short and the Sea runs high in bad weather And when the Dutch are forc'd to keep out at Sea the Enemy with their small Vessels will run all hazards to fetch Relief for the Besieged They farther observ'd that during the