value erected by the Senators which for their Grandure are fit to lodge and entertain any Prince in Christendom most of which are seated on the Grand Canal Also the Royal and proud Palace of the Duke deserves a particular description which for its largness beauty and riches as well in its fabrick without as in its Pictures and Statues within exceeds all others then the Tribunals or Courts of Justice the Senate-house or great Hall Its Arsenal or Magazine of War being about two miles in circuit encompassed with high Walls and the Sea having but one place or Gate for entrance and only one Channel for Ships to pass in and out at and here is kept always in readiness about two hundred Gallies with all things fit for a Voyage or fight also here are kept a thousand Coats of Plate garnished with Gold and covered with Velvet but above all its Church of St. Mark which for its exteriour and interiour beauty and richness of its Ornaments have deservedly made this City famous and in this Church according to report lyeth the body of St. Mark the Patron of this City which was brought hither from Alexandria In this City are seventeen rich Hospitals 56 Tribunals 67 Parish Churches 26 Monasteries of Nuns 54 Convents of Fryars 18 Chappels and six Free-Schools for the increase of Learning It s Piazza or broad place of St. Mark adorned with sumptuous Fabricks Statues c. is a place much frequented by the Gentry This City is the only place where Policy Warfare and Merchandize have embraced one another the Gentry are here held in such esteem that it is held for the greatest honour they can bestow upon the best deserver to make him a Gentleman of this City and from them the Sonatours are chosen and out of them the Duke who in a manner is only titular not having the Regal power his Salary which is paid him out of the Common Treasury is forty thousand Duccals yearly In this Estate are two Patriarchs and 34 Bishops Dukedom of Mantoua The Dukedom of MANTOVA seated Northwards of the Estates of Venice It s chief City is so called a place of good strength encompassed on the sides with Water about a quarter of a mile broad and on the other side with a Wall it is seated on a River which emptieth it self into the Po. In this City Virgil that famous Poet was born Dukedom of Modena The Dukedom of MODENA formerly joyned to that of Mantoua hath for its chief City Modena famous for the Battle between Anthony and Augustus where Hirtius and Pansa the two Consults were slain and Anthony lost the day This place is the residence of its Dukes as Mantoua is of hers Dukedoms of Parma and Placentia The Dukedom of PARMA and PLACENTIA Northwards of Mantoua hath for its chief place Parma seated in a fruitful Plain five miles from the Appenuines It is about four miles in circuit adorned with many rich and stately Structures is very populous and well inhabited by Gentry who are much addicted to Learning and Arms it hath a fair and spacious Campagnia which feeds abundance of Sheep and here the Duke hath his Palace which is a place of great delight and state This Country boasts of its Parmasan-Cheese so much esteemed by some The chief place of Placenza is so called it is seated on the Po comodious for Traffick and famous for its Fairs in Exchanges here quarterly kept which are much resorted unto it is about five miles in compass a place of good strength and beauty being adorned with many fair and rich Structures and Churches Bishoprick of Trent The Bishoprick of TRENT whose chief City bears its names it is seated in a Plain and surrounded with Mountains of an excessive height being always covered with Snow by reason of which it is more fit for Wines than Corn. The City is not large but indifferent strong its Houses are fair and stately its Streets large its Churches beautiful and richly adorned and its Royal Palace sumptuous and stately This City is famous for the general Council there held for the establishment of the Roman Catholick Religion ITALY particularly so called The second part of Italy according to our method will contain the Estates of the CHVRCH and TOSCANE which may again be subdivided into others which are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of which in order Territory of Ferraresse The Territory of FERRARESSE about 160 miles in length and 50 in breadth had once Dukes of its own but now belongs to the Pope its chief place is Ferrara so called from the Iron-Mines about it it is seated on the Po which serves as a Rampire to defend it on the one side as doth a strong Wall well fortified with a spacious Mote on the other side it is about five miles in compass beautifully built and adorned with superb Edifices and is accounted one of the pleasantest Cities in Italy having in the midst thereof a spacious Green into which doth open about 20 Streets most of which are about half a mile in length and so even and uniform that from thence the utmost ends of each may be easily discovered It is well inhabited rich and dignified with an Vniversity Province of Bolognois The Province of BOLOGNOIS Eastwards of Modena hath for its chief place Bologna once the head of 12 Cities it is seated on the River Aposa and in a large and fertil Territory for Corn Wine Fruits and Olives it is about five miles in circuit and begirt with a Wall This City is adorned with many fair and proud Buildings in which they observe a uniformity amongst which is the Pope's Palace for his retirement which for grandure and statelyness is fit to give entertainment to any Prince in Christendom It is dignified with the chief Vniversity of Italy famous for the study of the Civil Law it is proudly built having spacious Courts Province of Romandiola ROMANDIOLA or ROMAGNE Eastwards of Bolognese hath for its chief places 1. Ravenna seated on the Adriatick and once a place of good account having one of the fairest Havens in the World which is now choaked up This City was the seat of the Emperour Honorius and his Successors then of the Gothish Kings and lastly of its Patriarch but now as its Haven is choaked up so is the Land covered with water which makes it become useless 2. Rimini seated on the mouth of the River Rubicon 3. Cervia seated on the Adriatick Sea a place where so great quantity of Salt is made that the Popes part is valued yearly at 60000 Crowns and 4. Faenza Dukedom of urbin The Dutchy or Dukedom of VRBIN not long since fallen to the Holy Seat it lying in the midst of his Territories It s chief places are 1. Vrbin seated at the bottom of the Appennine formed like a Miter 2. Belfort seated in the Midland 3. Fano a Sea-port Town to Vrbin where the English do
mounting towards the North Aggerhus whose chief place or Castle is so called to which these Towns following are subject 1. Opslow or Asloya dignified with an Episcopal See as also with the Courts of Judicature 2. Schou of good account for its Copper and Iron-Mines and 3. Frederickstad BERGENHVS or BERGEN whose chief place is so called Bergenhus dignified with an Episcopal See and the residence of the Governour once a famous City of Trade and one of the ancient Mart-Towns of Europe yet still by reason of its scituation at the bottom of a deep Arm of the Ocean called by them Carmefunt where it hath a commodious Port is well frequented by Merchants who bring them Corn Bread Wine Beer Aquaâ—vitae and the like Commodities to supply their wants and in exchange take Stock-fish Furs Deals Firrs Cordage Pitch Masts c. TRONTHEINHVS or TRONDENHVS Trontheinhus whose chief place and Castle where the Governour resideth is so called it is dignified with the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of all Norway once a fair City as being the Seat of their Kings till the Danes became Masters of this Country who have reduced this City to a small Town WARDHVS seated beyond Cape Nort Wardhus which is the most Northern point of Europe It s chief place and Castle where the Governour resideth except during the absence of the Sun which is for about three Months in the year is so called This Town is serviceable to the King because it was the Luppians their Neighbours as also commandeth the Natives and profitable because all the Ships going to Moscovy must of necessity touch here To the Norwegian King do belong divers Lands and Isles in the Northern Sea and in America Artick the chief of which are Groenland Izland Farre c. which I shall treat of in the Description of America SWEDEN THe Estates of the Swede are all on the Baltick Sea and take up all those Regions which are on the West East and North of this Sea and is Southwards of Poland Germany and Denmark The Estates of the Swede are bounded on the West and North by the Estates of Denmark The Bounds of Sweden with its parts on the East by those of Moscovy and on the South by the Black Sea Poland and Denmark they comprehend six principal Regions viz. Sweden Lapland Gothland Finland Ingra and Livonie SWEDEN Sweden particularly so called is divided into the parts of Sueonie and Norland in both which are several Provinces which are taken notice of in the Geographical Table of Sweden It is bounded on the East with Sinus Bodicus on the West the Dofrine Hills and on the South Gothland The Country is very fruitful and delicious unless in some places occasioned by the cragginess of the Mountaine the great Marishes yet undrain'd and the vast Woods yet standing The places of most note in this part are 1. Stockholm seated in a watry Marish in part upon the Lake Meller and in part on the East Sea out of which the great Trade for Shipping to this City doth come its Port being capacious and safe which is defended by two powerful Forts as also the City by an impregnable Castle well furnished with Ammunition This City being the residence of the King as the Metropolitan City whose Palace is more renowned for its Antiquity than Magnificence makes it to be a place of a considerable Trade and well frequented 2. Vpsal seated not far from the Bay of Bodner dignified with a See of an Archbishop as also with an Vniversity and beautified with a Cathedral Church no less large than fair formerly the Burial place of the Swedish Kings 3. Nikoping a Maritim Town of good strength 4. Copordel famous for its abundance of Brass 5. Westeras or Arosia of note for its rich Mines of Silver which are exceeding profitable to the King 6. Hudwickswalde seated on the Sea or Gulph of Botnie 7. Orebrog 8. Gevala 9. Indal 10. Hernosand and 11. Torne LAPLAND is the most Northern part of Scandinavia the People are barbarous Lapland rude void of Arts or Letters great Idolaters Sarcerers and Witches for which the place is famous or rather infamous of stature they are low but strong and active expert in the Bow with which they kill their wild Beasts in hunting eating the Flesh and clothing themselves with the Skins which they tie about them to preserve them from the pinching Cold. Lapland is divided into five parts viz. Vina-Lapmarck Pita-Lapmarck Luna-Lapmark Torne-Lapmarck and Kimi-Lapmarck and these parts are but thinly beset with Towns contenting themselves with Sheds and Cabins which they remove from place to place as occasion serveth It s chief places I have set down in the Geographical Table of Sweden GOTHLAND is divided into Ostro-Gothland and Westro-Gothland that is Gothland the Land of the Eastern and Western Goths and these two parts are subdivided into several Provinces viz. Ostro-Gothland Smalandie and Oelald in the first part and Westro-Gothland Dalie and Vermeland in the other part This is the richest and best Province of the North and very fertil in Corn and Cattle in it is the famous Lake Wenir or Werett which receiving 24 Rivers disburthens it self at one Mouth and with such noise and fury that it beareth the name of the Devils-head The places of most note in Ostro-Gothland are 1. Wadstein seated on a Lake 2. Calmar on the confines of Denmark seated on the Baltick Sea a large City enjoying a good Trade having a commodious Port defended by a strong and beautiful Castle 3. Linkoping and 4. Vexio both Episcopal Sees 5. Westerwick commodiously seated on the Baltick Sea In Westro-Gothland are the places of 1. Gotheburg or Lodusia a Town of great Trade by reason of its fair and commodious Haven 2. Scara an Episcopal Sea 3. Daleburg a fair Town well fortified with a strong Castle and 4. Carolstad FINLAND hath on the East Sinus Finicus Finland on the South the Baltick Sea on the West Sinus Bodicus and on the North Bodinus The Inhabitants according to Tacitus are very barbarous and poor being destitute of Arms except Bow and Arrows Horse and Houshold-goods contenting themselves with Herbs for their food the Skins of Beasts for their clothing and the Ground for their Bed yet it is said to be very populous in Towns and Families the chief amongst which are 1. Abo seated at the bottom of the Bay of Finland which separates this Province from Livonia dignified with the See of a Bishop 2. Bienborg 3. Raumo 4. Hadhendal and 5. Castleholm in the Isle of Aland United Provinces to Finland Provinces united to Finland are 1. CAJANIE whose chief places are Vla Wassa and Cajaneborg 2. SAVOLAX whose chief place is Nislot 3. TAVASTE which hath for its chief place Tavasthus 4. NYLAND whose chief places are Borgo a place of great strength near to which within the confines of Moscovy are the two strong Frontier Towns of Viburg and Rivallia the keeping
inclining to cold than heat yet by reason of the famous Cities of Constantinople Adrianople and others here seated renders it the chief and best inhabited of all Greece It s chief places are Adrianople so called by the Emperour Hadrian who repaired it it was added to the Kingdom of the Turks by Bajazet Anno 1362 and continued the Seat of their Kings till Mahomet the Great took Constantinople from Constantine Palaeologus the last of the Eastern Emperours about 90 years after Blunt in his Voyage to the Levant in his description of this City saith That it is seated on three low Hills of which that in the midst is the largest and fairest on the top of which is a stately and magnificent Mosque and in the Churchyard are about 30 or 40 Cocks under a stately Fountain for People to wash before Divine Service as also at the bottom of this Building on the North and South sides are 20 Conduits with Cocks and on the East side are the Priests Lodgings and Gardens and round the Church-yard are Baths Cloysters and a Colledge for the Priests with other useful Offices all covered with Lead In this City are several Besestines or Exchanges some of good account as likewise many fair Hanes To this City are four stately and lofty Bridges of Freestone which make a pleasant shew and is a fair large and well composed City 2. Gallipoli seated near the Hellespont but within the Sea of Marinora This was the first City that the Turks possessed in Europe it being surprized by Solyman Son to Orchanes in Anno 1358. Here the Beglerbegh of the Sea hath his residence A little below Gallipoli is the streightest passage of the Hellespont a place formerly famous for Xerxes his Bridge but especially for the two Castles of Sesto on the European side and Abydo opposite to it on the Asian shoar of note for the Loves of Hero and Leander which Castles are now called the Dardanelli and command the passage and are the security or Bulwark of Constantinople on this as those on the Thracian Bosphorus are on the other 3. Caridia seated on the Thracian Chersonese opposite to the Isle of Lemnos as also to Troas in Asia and therefore now called St. George's Arm. 4. Abdera the Birth-place of Democritus who spent his time in Laughing 5. Pera a Town of the Genoueses opposite to Constantinople 6. Galata also opposite to Constantinople from which it is parted by a River wherein is found a good Harbour for Shipping and here all the Western Christians as English French Dutch and Venetian Merchants have their common residence intermixed with Jews Grecians Armenians and some few Turks And lastly Constantinople the now Metropolitan City of all Greece the Seat of the Grand Signior and formerly of the Emperours of the East first built by Pausanias a LÃ cedemonian Captain about 660 years before the Birth of Christ It is a City very commodiously seated for an Universal Empire overlooking Europe and Asia commanding the Euxine or Black Sea the Hellespont and Sea of Marinara or Propontis on the upper part of which and near the Thracian Bosphorus it is seated where it hath a Haven so deep and capacious that the Turks for its excellency call it the Port of the World so that for strength plenty and commodity no place can compare to it This City is in form Triangular its Walls are composed of Stone and Brick equally intermixed to which it hath 24 Gates for entrance whereof 5 regard the Land and 19 the Water being about 16 miles in compass and supposed with Pera and Galata adjoyning to it and Scutari on the Asian side to contain about 700000 living Souls good part of which are Christians and Jews and it would be far more populous were it not for the Plague which like a Tertian Ague here reigneth every third year and sometimes oftner This City is adorned with many magnificent Buildings both publick and private as also with curious Statues and other such like Ornaments which were brought out of Rome and other parts There is no City in the World makes so stately a shew if beheld from the Sea or adjoyning Mountains as this doth whose lofty and beautiful Cypress Trees are so intermixed with the Buildings that it seemeth to represent a City in a Wood whose seven aspiring Heads for on so many Hills it is seated are most of them crowned with magnificent Mosques all of white Marble in form round and coupled above being finished at the top with guilded Spires some having two some four and some six adjoyning Turrets of a great height and very slender so that there is no City in the World hath a more promising Object and being entred so much deceiveth the expectation having many vacant places several rows of Buildings consisting only of Shops the Houses not fair lofty nor uniform the Streets exceeding narrow and ill contrived yet here are many stately Houses where the Great persons reside also many Canns for Merchants and abundance of Mosques amongst which that of Sancta Sophia is the chief once a Christian Temple To every one of the principal Mosques doth belong publick Bagâ—io's Hospitals with Lodgings Santons and Ecclesiastical Persons which are endowed with competent Revenues the inferiour Mosques for the most part are built square many of them Pent-houses with oper Galleries where on extraordinary times they pray The number of Mosques of all sorts including Scutara Para Galata and the Buildings that border the Bosphorus are said to be about 8000. This Temple of St. Sophia is almost every Friday which is their Sabbath visited by the Grand Signior by reason of its being so near his Seraglia which is divided from the rest of the City by a lofty Wall containing in circuit about three miles wherein are stately Groves of Cypresses intermixed with delightful Gardens artificial Fountains variety of Fruits and curious Plains The Buildings are low but rich and stately with several fair Courts one within another and to the South-side doth joyn the Grand Signiors Palace in which are also several large Courts and stately Structures On the left hand of one of the Courts the Divano is kept where the Bassa's of the Port administer Justice out of the second Court is a passage into a third into which Christians are not permitted entrance but upon great favour on the North-side stands the Grand Signiors Cabinet in form of a stately Summer-house having a private passage from his Seraglio and from this place he takes Barge to delight himself on the Water Not far from the Palace is a spacious place encompassed with Houses called the Hippodrom by the Ancients and by the Turks Almidan where every Friday the Spachies of the Court play at Giocho di Canni that is they are mounted on Horses and ride after one another throwing Darts at each other which they endeavour to avoid by their hasty turning The Black Sea is distant from Constantinople about 15 miles it is much troubled with
FRANCE viz. In the Estates of the CATHO LICK KING to wit In SPAIN as The County of Rousillon where are Perpignan Elne Collioure Salces c. The County of Cerdagne Puy Cerda c. The Principality of Catalogne and County of Barcelone where are Barcelona Girona Vich Solsona Urgel Manressa Cardona Cadegues c. In the LOW COUNTRY as Part of the County of Flanders Gravelines Wasten Part of the County of Artois Arras Hesdin Bappaumes Part of the County of Haynaut Landrochy Part of the Dutchy of Luxenbourg Thionville Damvillers In the FRENCH COUNTY as Part of the Balliages of Gray Vesoul Lure c. Part of the Balliages of Salins Arbois Poligny Bletterans St. Amour Joux c. In divers Lands and Principalities the most part of which are esteemed in the Empire of GERMANY to wit In the Estate of LORRAIN as The Dutchy of Barrois Barle Duc Ligny St. Michael Pont a Moosson The Dutchy of Lorrain Nancy Mirecourt Newchasted on the Meuse Dieuze Sirke c. The Bishoprick of Metz Vic Moyen-Vic Marsal St. Avold Alberstrof Espernay About LORRAIN as The Principality of Sedan The Principality of Arches or Charleville Clermont Stenay Jametz The County of Biche In and about the PALATINATE of the RHINE as Part of the Palatinate of the Rhine Bacharach Creutznach Altzheim Oppenheim Neustat Landau Cermosheim c. Part of the Archbishoprick of Mayence Mayence Bingen c. Part of the Bishoprick of Wormes Wormes Part of the Bishoprick of Spire Spire Udenheim or Philipsbourâ— Part of the Estate of Bade Baden Durlach Pfortzheim c. In ALSACE or ALSATIA as Low Alsace Haguenau Saverne c. Higher Alsace Colmar Schlestat Brisach Newbourg c. County of Pfirt or Ferrette and Country of Sungou Ferrette Tannes Befo rt Blome Landseror c. About ALSACE as The County of Monbeliard c. The Bishoprick of Basle Porentru St. Uâ—sand Dalsperg or Delmont c. The County of Reinfield Reinfield Lanffenbourg Waldshout In the Dutchy of Wirtenberg Hohen-Wiel In Piedmont Pignerol c. In ITALY In the Estates of the Duke of SAVOY to wit In the Principality of Piedmont Turin Suze Avigliane Chivas Santja Ast Quierascq Coni Caours c. In the Marquisate of Saluces Carmagnole Demont In the Estates of MONFERRAT viz. In the Dukedom of Savoy Trin c. In the Dukedom of Mantoua Casal Aqui. On the River of GENES The Principality of Monaco or Morgues Rt. Worshipfull Sr. Iustinian 〈◊〉 of Lamport in Northamptoâ—shire Baronet 〈◊〉 Mapp is Humbly DD. by R. Blome GENERALL MAPP of the KINGDOM of FRANCE Designed by Monsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King FRANCE FRANCE is esteemed the most fertil and powerful Kingdom in Europe and the best next to England that can subsist without the help of others It is seated about the 45th degrees of Latitude It s Scituation which is in the midst of the Temperate Zone It is washed on the East with the Rhine together with an imaginary line drawn from Strasburgh to Calais on the South by the Mediterranean Seas and opens a passage to the Northern Ocean on the West by the Aquitain Sea and on the North by the British Ocean Its Bounds It extends it self from the 42 degrees of Latitude unto the 51 and from the 15th of Longitude to the 29th which makes its length and breadth to be above 200 French Leagues It is contiguous to the Low Countries on the North to Germany and Italy on the East and to Spain on the South It s Soil and Commodities It is of an extraordinary fertil Soil affording three excellent and useful Commodities in great plenty viz. Corn Wine and Salt also Oil Almonds Paper Canvass Linnen both fine and course Oade Corral Skins Nuts Stuffs and several Manufactures Toies and Curiosities It is very plentiful in all Provisions It s People It is exceeding populous and crouded with Towns and Cities once numbring 100000 Parishes which are now reduced to a less number The People are well proportionate and indifferent handsom especially the Men they are of a ready and Mercurial wit of a courteous Behaviour of a hot Brain and soon moved to Broils they are very active and given to Exercises in weighty Affairs both Civil and Martial they are not over subtle their first attempt being like thunder and their end like smoak In matters of Religion they generally follow the Church of Rome in which they are not over strict It would be too tedious to observe all the different Orders and Governments in this Kingdom we will content our selves to say that in the Assemblies of the General Estates where the Nobility Clergy and third Estate have their Seats it is divided into twelve several Government of which four are on this side or if you please Northwards of the Loire four upon and about the Loire and four beyond the South of the Loire The four on this side are Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champaigne the four about the Loire are Bretaigne Orleance or Orlenois Bourgogne or Burgundy and Lionois and the four beyond the Loire are Guienne and Gascoigne Languedoc Dauphin and Provence In each Government are several Parts or Countries which are taken notice of in the Geographical Tables of the Kingdom of which in order Goverment of Picardy PICARDY is divided into the Higher and Lower in both of which are divers good Towns in the Lower are 1. Calais called by Coesar Portus Iccius held by the English near 200 years and was then esteemed the Key of the Kingdom it is esteemed one of the best Ports in Picardy seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about eight Leagues once a place of great Trade as being the Staple of English Wools now only of note for its being the receipt of Passengers from this Kingdom to England to and fro 2. Bulloigne a strong Frontier Town towards the Sea 3. Abbeville also a strong Frontier Town In the higher Picardy are 1. Amiens a Frontier City towards Flanaers well fortified and famous for the sudden loss and as sudden and brave regaining it by Henry the Fourth 2. St. Quintin a strong Frontier Town Dukedom of Normandy NORMANDY well watered with Rivers amongst which are the Seine Anon and Orne It is well garnished with Cities and Towns many of which are commodiously seated for Trade by reason of their vicinity to the British Ocean the chief of which are 1. Roan its Metropolis seated in the higher Normandy on the banks of the Seine over which there is a famous Bridge of Boats Here is held one of the Parliaments of France and it is a place of as great Trade as any in France being one of the three principal Towns where Exchanges are used Here the English have a publick Hall allowed them for the sale of English Woolen cloth to which place at certain days they are constrained to expose them to sale 2. Havre de Grace or Now Haven the strongest
place in all Normandy 3. Dieppe also a City of some Trade being a common landing-Landing-place for the English in their passage into France 4. Caen famous for its long resistance of Henry the Fifth of England 5. Fabais once a strong Town here it was that Duke Robert passing through saw some Maids a dancing amongst which was one Arlet a Skinners Daughter who so nimbly footed it that his desires were to enjoy her thinking she would be as active in the Bed whereupon he sent for her and obtained his desires in which she so plensed him that he begat on her William the Bastard King of England in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots 6. Charenton famous for the Preaching of that eminent Divine Peter du Moulin and 7. Constance Isle of France The Isle of FRANCE made so by the circlings and confluences of the Seine and other little Brooks It lieth in the heart of all France where we shall find not only its particular glory but that of all the Kingdom to wit Paris City of Paris which for its Riches Power and number of Inhabitants may justly contend with any in Europe It is about 12 miles in circuit if all the Suburbs are reckoned and in form rather round than oval seated on the Seine and in a Soil so fertil that not many Cities know so great plenty It is of no great strength nor of much consequence in matter of Trade only contenting themselves with enough to serve the Inhabitants and Court yet in matter of Coin it giveth rule to all Cities in France and is another of the three Cities where Exchanges are placed a convenience for the Nobility Gentry and Courtiers as also for Strangers The chief ornaments of it are the Palace of the Louvre so much famoused abroad besides so many Palaces of the Nobility amongst the rest that of Luxembourgh its Palace-Royal its Church of Nostre Dame its Vniversity formed by Charlemain in Anno 800 esteemed the first in Europe containing 55 Colledges and particularly the Colledge of the Sorbona also the Halls of Justice or Courts of Parliament being as our Courts of Judicature are all remarkable Next to this City may be reckoned 1. St. Dennis about three miles from Paris famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings 2. Pont-oyse 3. Meaux 4. Beauvais and 5. Soissons In this Province is the beautiful House and Forest of Fontaine Bleau built by Henry the Fourth esteemed not only one of the fairest Palaces in all France but of Christendom here is also seated the Royal Mansion of St. Germains and Boys de Vincennes where the puissant Henry the Fifth finished his days In this Province is the Dukedom of Valois whose chief places are Luzarch and Sen-lis This Country abounds in Vineyards which yields the sharp Wine called Vin de Paris Province of Champaigne CHAMPAIGNE so called from being a Champain Country its chief places are 1. Rheims famous for being the place where the Kings of France are usually Crowned and anointed with an Oil here kept which they say came down from Heaven and never decreaseth and here is a Colledge for English Jesuits 2. Chaaloons 3. Langres 4. Sens and 5. Troyes all places of some account Province of Britany BRETAIGNE or Britanny whose chief Port-Towns are Brest Blavet and St. Malos and within Land the Cities of 1. Nantes seated on the Loire 2. Rennes where the Parliament for this Province is held 3. Vennes seated on the South-Sea 4. Breine and 5. Morlaix of note for its great store of Paper so called Under the Government of ORLEANS or ORLEANOIS we comprehend divers Provinces on this side upon and beyond the Loire viz. Province of Maine MAINE whose chief places are 1. Maine seated on the River Magenue which dischargeth it self into the Loire 2. Mayenne 3. Laval and 4. Domfront Province of Perche PERCHE on the borders of Normandy hath for its chief places Nogent le Retrou Mortaigne and Vernevil which by some are esteemed in Normandy Province of la Beauce LA BEAVCE hath for its principal places 1. Chartes seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City dignified with an Vniversity for the study of the Civil Laws 2. Estampes 3. Chà steau Dun and 4. Vendosme Province of Gastenois GASTENOIS hath for its principal place Montargis Province of Nivernois NIVERNOIS or BVRBON well watered by the Loire and Allier its chief places are 1. Nerves of some account for its pretty Glass-works and is dignified with an ancient Dukedom 2. La Charite 3. Clamecy and 4. Donzy Province of Orleanois ORLEANOIS whose chief City is Orleans from whence the Government or Province took its name a City if Paris excepted may contend with any in France having once been the Seat of a King of its own It s pleasant scituation on the Loire makes it extream delightful and although of no considerable Trade yet is a great Thorough-fair for such Commodities as pass to Lions and other places in the heart of the Kingdom Province of Blasois BLASOIS hath for its chief place Blois where by the command of Henry the Third the Duke of Guise the first stirrer up of the Civil Wars in France as also the great contriver and promoter of the grievous Massacre at Paris was slain in the Senate-house Province of Touraine TOVRAINE hath for its chief places 1. Tours where the Protestants first began and from one of whose Gates called Hugo's-Gate they were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens and slew of them about 370000. 2. Amboise 3. Loches and 4. Chinon Province of Anjou ANJOV adjoyning to Maine a small Province but exceeding fertil and affords the best Wines in France It s chief places are 1. Angiers dignified with an Vniversity 2. Saumur a Town delightfully seated on the Loire and dignified with the only Protestant Vniversity in France and 3. la Fleche Province of Poictou POICTOV a large and populous Province numbring about 1200 Parishes and dignified with three Bishopricks its principal places are 1. Poictiers seated on the River Clavius famous for the study of the Civil Laws and in greatness esteemed next to Paris but of small account as to matter of Trade 2. Maillezais 3. Luson 4. Chastelleroud 5. Niort 6. Lusignan and 7. Touars This Country is very fertil especially in good Vineyards and in these Fields were sought that memorable Battle between John of France and Edward the Black Prince who contrary to all expectation gained the day Province of Aunis AVNIS South of Poictou hath for its chief City Rochel commodiously seated on the Aquitain Ocean by reason of which it enjoyeth a great Trade it is a place of great strength as may appear by the resistance the Protestants there inhabiting made against the powerful Army of the French King
Parish Churches and is traded unto by 12 Market Towns Leicester delightfully seated in a healthful Air rich Soil Leicester and on the Banks of the Stour over which it hath two Bridges It is a place of more antiquity than beauty being said to be built by King Leir and called Caer-Lerion wherein Authors say he placed a High-Priest to serve in the Temple of Janus which he caused to be built and wherein he was buried This Town was also had in great request in the time of the Romans also Ethelred King of the Mercians erected here an Episcopal See which he soon translated elsewhere to its great impoverishment but the noble Lady Edelfled not only repaired it but also encompassed it with a strong Wall and much added to its Riches so that it soon became a place of a great Trade which glory and riches it lost by the Spoils it sustained by Rob. Bossu the Crouch-back Earl of this Shire As to its present state it is a Borough and Town Corporate governed by a Major Aldermen and sub-Officers is dignified with the title of an Earldom is well inhabited hath indifferent good Buildings sendeth two Representatives to Parliament containeth 3 Parish Churches and its Market on Saturdays is well served with Corn Provisions and Country commodities From this Town Crouch-back Richard set forth with great strength and pomp to Redmore near Bosworth where on the 22 of August 1485 in a bloody Battle there fought for the deciding the differences betwixt the Houses of York and Lancaster he was slain yielding both himself and the victory to Henry of Richmond who was proclaimed King in the field and the next day the body of the said Richard was disgracefully brought back torn and naked and as meanly buried in the Gray-Friars of Leicester in a Stone-chest which now is made use of in an Inn for a Drinking-trough for Horses Loughborough Loughborough delightfully seated on the banks of the Sour over which it hath a Bridge amongst fertil Meadows and near Charwood Forrest It is a handsom Town beautified with fair Buildings and a large Church and hath a very considerable Market for Corn Cattle Sheep and Provisions on Thursdays Melton-Mowbray Melton-Mowbray well seated in a fertil Soil and on the banks of the Eye which almost encircleth it over which are two fair Stone-bridges It is an indifferent large and well built Town and hath a very considerable Market on Tuesdays for Corn Cattle Hogs Sheep Provisions c. Lutterworth Lutterworth seated on the Swift and in a good Soil an indifferent Country Town beautified with a large and fair Church which hath a lofty spired Steeple and its Market on Thursdays is well served with Corn and Country commodities Near this Town is a Spring so cold that in a short time it turns Straws and small Sticks into Stone LINCOLNSHIRE County of Lincoln described a County of a large extent and doth divide its form bounds and division into Hundreds The Soil is of a different temperature the Western and Northern parts being very pleasant and grateful to the Husbandman both for Corn and rich Pastures which feed great store of Cattle and the Eastern and Southern parts are fenny barren and unfit for Corn but in recompence hath great plenty of Fish and Fowl The Air upon the South and East parts is thick and foggy occasioned through the Fenny grounds but the other parts good and healthful It is well watered with Rivers as the Humber Trent Idell Dane Wash Witham Welland c. which lose themselves in the Sea The chief Commodities that this County produceth are Corn Cattle Fish Fowl Flax Wool Alablaster c. This County is severed into 3 principal Divisions or Parts viz Lindsey Holland and Kesteven which are divided into 30 Hundreds in which are numbred 631 Parish Churches and is traded unto by 31 Market Towns Lincoln Lincoln a City of great antiquity and hath been far more magnificent and spacious than now it is whose ruinous places doth witness the same being said to have had 50 Churches which now are reduced to 15 besides its Cathedral or Minster said to be one of the finest loftiest and stateliest structures in England This City in the time of the Britains was of great strength and fame containing 1070 Mansions and 900 Burgesses with 12 Lage-men having Sac and Soc and in the time of the Normans it was esteemed one of the best peopled Cities in the Isle and enjoyed a great Trade both by Sea and Land insomuch that King Edward the Third ordained here his Staple for the Mart of Wools Leather and Lead But it s pristine glory has been much eclipsed by the several shocks of ill Fortune it hath met with nevertheless it is a place well inhabited and frequented enjoyeth a good Trade and its Markets on Fridays is well served with Provisions and its Shops furnished with Commodities It is pleasantly seated on the side of a Hill and on the River Witham which divideth it self into several streams and waters in the lower part of the City over which are divers Bridges for the accommodation of the Inhabitants in their passage to and sro It is dignified with an Episcopai See where the Bishop hath his Palace and whose Diocess is the greatest of any in England numbring within its Jurisdiction 1255 Parishes of which 577 are Impropriations The civil Government of this City is committed to the care of a Major 2 Sheriffs 12 Aldermen who are clothed in Scarlet besides a Recorder Town Clerk 4 Chamberlains a Sword-bearer 4 Serjeants at Mace c. It enjoyeth ample Immunities sendeth two Representatives to Parliament and is a County within it self whose Liberties extends about 20 miles in compass and is called the County and City of Lincoln The Isle of Axholme made so by the Rivers Trent Dun Idel Isle of Axholms and others It is a large tract of ground in which are seated several Towns the flat and lower part of the Isle towards the Rivers is Moorish and yieldeth a sweet Shrub called by the Inhabitants Gall. In this part have been great and tall Fir-trees digged up And the middle part which is a rising ground is fertil and produceth great store of Flax. Barton seated on the Humber Barton where there is a considerable Ferry into Yorkshire which doth much advantage the Town which is large and stragling yet hath but an indifferent Market on Saturdays Grimsby Magna seated near the Humber or rather the Sea Grimsby Magna and in a flat and Marshy rich ground This Town was formerly very large having two Parish Churches enjoyed a good Trade but its Harbour which was then commodious being choaked up hath much eclipsed its trade and grandure having now but one Church which for largeness giveth place to few Cathedrals Here was formerly a Castle an Abby a Nunnery 2 Priories and 2 Chantries which time hath reduced to ruins and in their places are erected Houses It
Benjans there is another sort of Pagans whom they call the Parsis who for the most part reside by the Sea-coast addicting themselves to Trades and Commerce they believe that there is one God preserver of the Universe who acts alone and immediately in all things but he hath as they fancy about 30 several Servants to whom he giveth an absolute power over the things which he hath entrusted them with but withall they are obliged to give an account unto him and for these Servants they have a great veneration who have each their particular charge as one having the Government of the Earth another of Fruits another of Beasts another of Military affairs Others who have influences on men some giving understanding others wealth c. Another who takes the possession of the Souls departed which conducts them to the Judges where they are examined and according to their good or evil deeds receive their Sentence and are carried by the good or bad Angels who attend the Judges to Paradise or Hell where they think they shall abide until the end of the world which will be 1000 years after which time they shall enter into other Bodies and lead a better life then they did before Another hath the goverment of Waters another of Metals another of Fire which they hold Sacred c. They have no Mosques or publick places for their Devotion they have a very great esteem of their Teachers and Doctors allowing them a plentiful Estate Their Widows are suffered to marry a second time Adultery and Fornication they severely punish They are forbidden the eating of any thing that hath life Drunkenness they likewise strictly punish These People are much given to Avarice and circumventing those they deal withal The Mahomitans or Mogolls that here inhabit are of a good stature have their Hair black and flaggy but are of a clearer Complexion then the other sort of People aforementioned Their habit behaviour They habit themselves something like the Persians their Garments about their Waists are close to their Bodies but downwards wide they use Girdles and their Shoos and the Covering of their Head is much the same with those of the Turks And they are likewise distinguished by their Glothes which according to the degree and quality and the person doth exceed in richness They are very civil ingenious and reserved yet are expensive in their Appareb Feastings and great lovers of Women And so much for the Mogolls Countrey The Peninsula of INDIA without the Ganges Its bounds THe Peninsula without the Ganges is between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances from the East of the Great Mogoll unto the eighth degree of Latitude on this side the Aequator The Ocean or Indian Sea washes it on three sides to wit the Gulf of Bengala once Gangeticus Sinus on the East the Gulph of Cambaya anciently Barigazenus Sinus and the Sea which regards Arabia on the West towards the South that which regards Cylan on one side and the Maldives on the other We will divide this Peninsula into four principal parts which shall be Decan Golconda Narsingue or Bisnagar and Malabar The three first Its parts and the greatest have each their King or if there be more they depend and hold of one alone The fourth and last part hath likewise formerly been a Kingdom alone at present is many but which hold one of another DECAN THe Kingdom of DECAN is washed on the West by the Indian Ocean the Gulf of Cambaya It is divided into three others Kingdom of Decan which they call Decan Cunkan and Balaguate the two first on the Coast Balaguate is Eastward of the other two up in the Land and composed of Vallies which are below and between the Mountains of Gate beyond which are the Kingdoms of Golconda and Narsingue or Bisnagar In the particular Decan are the Cities of Amedanagar Chaul Dabul c. In Cunkan are the Cities of Visapor Soliapor Goa Paranda Pagode It s chief places c. Likewise in Balaguate Lispor Beder Doltabad Hamedanager Visapor and Beder are the principal Cities and those where the Dealcan or Idalcan makes his residence but none more considerable then Goa though they are fair well built large and populous Goa is a City as fair rich and of as great Traffick as any in the East being situated in an Island of the same name which the Rivers of Mandova and Guari make at their falling into the Sea Alphonso Albuquerque took it in the year 1510. and since the Portugals have established themselves so powerfully that their Vice-Roy a Bishop and their Council for the East-Indies have here their Residence The Commodities found in this City being the Staple of the Commodities of this part of the Indies as also of Persia Arabia China Armenia c. are Precious Stones Gold Silver Pearls Silk raw and wrought Cotton of which they make several Manufactures also Spices Druggs Fruits Corn Iron Steel with divers others which the said Countreys afford but the Natural Commodities of Goa are not considerable Besides their great Traffick with several Nations their Riches and Policy which they observe Its riches beauty c. Vincent Blanc makes account that its Hospital is the fairest the best accommodated and served and the richest of any making it exceed that of the Holy Spirit at Rome and the Infermerica at Malta which are the best of all Christendom Their Streets large their Houses fair especially their Palaces and Publick Buildings which are very magnificent Their Churches are stately and richly adorned their Windows are beautified with Mother of Pearl and Shells of Tortoises of divers colours which are ingeniously cut in neat Works This City is in compass above 15 miles and though it is without Gates or Walls yet by reason of its Castle Forts and the strength it receiveth from the Island is a place of great strength and force It hath a great and good Haven It s strength which they make their Harbor for their Indian Fleet by which they command the Seas there abouts The Portugals here live in all manner of delight and pleasure and with a pride and presumption so great that the least and most beggerly among them take to themselves the titles of Gentlemen of the House and Chamber of the King Knights Esquires c. being very highly conceited of themselves and exceeding proud and stately but withal very civil and courteous no person of quality walks the Streets a-foot but are carried by their Slaves in a Palanquin or ride on Horses and the Women seldom go abroad publickly Both Sexes are extreamly given to Venery by reason of which the Pox is very frequent among them of which abundance dies Their Women have an excessive love to white Men and will use their uttermost endeavours to enjoy them The Men are so jealous of their Wives that they will scarce suffer their nearest Relations to see them by reason they are so much desirous
of the enjoyment of Men and they so much of them In their Apparel as also in the furniture of their Houses they are very costly The Women are here delivered without pain and not having the use of a Midwife or any one but her self and no sooner is she delivered but she is about her occasions not observing the custom among us in keeping their Chamber a month together Most of them live to the age of 100 years and that in perfect health but these are not the Portugals but are the Natives which are Pagans and Benjans To this City do resort Merchants from Arabia Persia Armenia Cambaya Bengala Siam Pegu China Java Malacca and from several other Countries it being the Staple of all Indian Commodities In the heart of the City is a Street where every morning from seven to nine not only the Merchants meet for the vending and buying of Commodities which are here set forth for sale like our Fairs but also the Gentry of the City meet as well to hear news as to satisfie their fancies in the sight of the Commodities And besides this Street every Trade hath its particular Street one Trade not intermixing with another Besides Goa the Land of the Bardes the Islles of Salsette of Coran of Divar and some other Lands about Goa are the Portugals As likewise the City of Chaul on the Coast where they have a great Trade of Silk and from these places they have their provision brought them and that at very easie rates for the Island of it self is so barren that it will scarce produce any thing Decan taken altogether hath one King alone which they call Idolcan or Dialcan The Great Mogoll hath taken from him some places in the particular Decan and the Portugals Goa Chaul and some other places on the Coast This Prince is yet powerful at least in regard of the Indians He hath taken Dabul from the Portugals and ruined it He once besieged Chaul and divers times Goa leading in his Armies near 200000 men In fine he made Peace with the Portugals the Vice-Roy of the East-Indies for the Crown of Portugal having always an Ambassador at the Idolcans Court and the Idolcan having one at Goa with the Vice-Roy And though this Prince is so powerful in men and so well provided with Ammunition and his Artillery greater and better then any Prince about him yet is he become Tributary to the Great Mogoll Its Commodities All the Country is good fruitful watered with several Rivers hath store of precious Stones of Cotton and Silk of which they make divers Manufactures of Pepper of Fruits and other Commodities The Inhabitants or Natives of the Country are Pagans and for the most part Benjans but eat any kind of Flesh except that of an Ox Cow Buffe Swine or Wild-Bore A Swine they abhor but have a great veneration for a Cow or an Ox. But as to the manner of their life as in their Marrriages Interments Purifications and other Ceremonies in their Religion as also in their Habits and Houses which are very mean their Houses being made of Straw and withal small and low having no light but what enters in at the door which is not so high as a mans Waist In which their chiefest furniture and houshold-stuffs are Mats to lie upon in the night on which they also eat their Meat their Dishes Drinking-cups c. are made of Fig-leaves which they daub and plaister together In these and the like Ceremonies and Customs they imitate the Benjans aforementioned The rest of the people which here inhabit are Mahometans and Jews which here enjoy the freedom of their Religion but the Subjects of the King of Portugal are Catholicks those of the English Protestants GOLCONDA The Kingdom of Golconda its bounds and extent THe name of GOLCONDA hath been known but for few years nevertheless this is a powerful and rich Kingdom but which hath been confounded with the name of Orixa It is upon the Gulph of Bengala which it regards towards the East and South neighbouring on the Mogolls and the Kingdom of Bengala towards the North. It stretches 200 Leagues on the Coast in length and near 100 up in the Land in breadth It yields 20 Millions of yearly Revenue is very well peopled and its People addicted to all sorts of Manufactures They make Cotton Pintado's so artificially and with such lively colours that it is esteemed better than Silk They build great Ships trade to Mecca Aquem Bengala Pegu and throughout all the Indies It s chief places or Fortresses There are in this Estate 66 Castles and Fortresses where the ordinary Garrisons are kept and these Castles are on inaccessible Rocks which they call Conda Golconda which the Persians call Hidrabrand is the chief and residence of the King it is distant from the Port of Musulipatan about 60 Leagues which is a fair City seated on an Arm of the Sea adjoyning to the Kingdom of Bisnagar and not far from Cape Guadavari Hath its Air pleasant its Soil fruitful of about 5 or 6 Leagues circuit nor doth its King yield much to the Great Mogoll in Riches precious Stones in store of Elephants or all sorts of magnificence But his Estates being much less and his People less warlike constraineth him to send him every year 400000 Pagodes in form of Tribute The Country rich in Diamonds and Precious Stones This Country moreover hath no Mines of Gold Silver or Copper some it hath of Iron and Steel but many of Diamonds and other precious Stones so rich and abundant that in 1622 the King caused it to be shut up and the labour to cease fearing lest the too great quantity should make them neglected Others say for fear it should draw the Great Mogoll into his Estates Condapoli its chief Fortress is so great that in circumference it contains six others and these six are one above the other each having Wood Fruits and Land sufficient to maintain the Garrisons destined for their defence which amount to 12000 Men. Candavara is another Fortress 15 or 16 Leagues from Condapoli and thence at certain intervals there are Towers on which with certain Lights they give signal of all that passes in the Country On the Sea-Coast or Gulph of Bengala are seated several Towns some of which are well known by Merchants as Guadavari which gives name to a Cape on which it is seated Vixaopatan Narsingapatan Pulacate Palhor Manicapatan Calecote Caregara on the Cape Segogora or Das Palmas Polarin Contiripatan and others The Portugals have a Fortress at Masulipatan which is one of the best Ports of the Country the City is not walled and belong to the Prince The Air and fertility of the Country The Air is every where healthful the Soil fertil producing twice or thrice a year Grains Fruits c. almost all different from ours Their Seasons are distinguished in three manners they have very great heats in March April May and June and that is
best Provinces of China The pleasant Rivers which run through it and the many good Ports with its Isles it hath on the Coast doth facilitate the utterance of its Merchandizes and particularly both Raw Silk and prepared in Thred and in Stuffs which it distributes to the other Provinces of China and throughout all the World the other Provinces of China not having enough for their use Of this Silk there is one sort which is reserved to be employed in divers works mixed with Gold with great art and curiosity and those are only for the Kings Palace This Province hath about seventy Cities It s chief places of which six are of considerable note as 1 Quinsay now called Hamceu once the Metropolis of China 2 Liampo a fair City seated on the Sea 3 Aucheo also commodiously seated on the Sea 4 Scanutanu an In-land City 5 Chequian also an In-land City but fair well built and frequented and 6 Succu seated on the Sea and about 25 Leagues from the City of Nanquin All which are fair strong well built and very populous Cities but not comparable to Quinsay of which a word or two The City of Quinsay described Quinsay or Hamceu as I said before was once the Metropolis of China being if we may give credit to Authors 100 miles in circuit and having in the midst thereof a Lake of about 30 miles in compass in which are two fair Islands and in them two stately Palaces adorned with all necessaries either for Majesty or Conveniency the City having variety of stately Palaces Its Houses as well private as publick are fair and well built having abundance of Pagodes the Streets large well ordered and paved with Free-stone To this City are said to belong about 10000 Sail of great and small Vessels which are inhabited by People who there negotiate their affairs and remove from one place and City to another as their occasions serve them There are said to be in this City about 15000 Priests and besides the vast number of Inhabitants there are about 60000 persons which are employed in working of Silk But this City since Pequin and Fanquin are become the Residence of the King and Court hath much-lost its former splendor This Province is observed to have a great number of Temples magnificently built and the Lake Sibu bordered with stately Palaces and encompassed with Hills covered with Trees and rare Plants A place so pleasant and delightful that the greatest and richest of the Province pass here their time and expend their goods There are also in this Province whole Forests of Mulberry-trees by reason of which they have the greatest product of Silk of any Province in China which they furnish several Kindoms with as well in Europe as in Asia Along the Coast of this Province are seated several Isles some of which are very considerable as Mochosa and Sunkiam which is about 25 Leagues broad and as many long high to the shore of which ly several others but of a lesser bigness It s other Isles are 1. Suan 2. Olepio 3. Avarella and 4 the Isles of Chaposi which are a body of several small Isles The Province of Fuquien Its Commodities and chief places The Province of FVQVIEN is not so fertile as Chequin and Canton between which it is situated Its Inhabitants endeavour to repair that default by their Trade with Strangers and principally with Japan the Philippines Fermosa or Fair Island which is directly opposite to their Coast The Earth produceth Gold Iron Steel Sugar Calamba Spices Drugs Quicksilver Precious Stones Fruits Grains and Cattle also Silk and Cotton of which they make divers Manufactures as also they make all sorts of Paper There are in this Province several Cities of note but its chief are 1 Fochen seated on a fair River not above 17 Leagues from the Sea 2 Chincheo also commodiously seated on a fair River or Arm of the Rea from which it is distant about 10 Leagues 3 Yenping 4 Chining and 5 Hinghoa The Inhabitants of Fermosa are almost all Savages the Spaniards have built one Fortress on the East side and the Hollanders another on the West side and towards the Continent which they call Zealand The Air is temperate and healthful which makes the Province become very populous and along the Coast are seated several Isles as Lanquin Baboxin c. The Province of Canton its Fertility commodities c. The Province of CANTON or QVANTVNG though one of the least Provinces of China in extent yet by the reason of the goodness of its Soyl and the conveniency of its situation being the first that presents its self to those of Europe Africa and Asia which come to China it abounds in Wheat Rice and other Grains Sugar Gold Precions Stones Pearis Steel Quick-silver Silk Salt-Peter Calamback-wood and Copper Iron and Tin of which they make curious Vessels which they varnish with Charam and which are brought to Europe They make also the Barrels of their Guns in that nature that though they are never so much laden yet they do not break Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants are very civil industrious and ingenious but they are better in imitation then invention being in the first so great masters that there is no rarity or manufacture whatsoever that comes to their sight but they will exactly pattern as well as the Europeans and in all manner of Goldsmiths work they far exceed them Three things noted in this Province In this Province are observed to be three things which are not in the other Provinces that is Men which spit Blood continually Mountains without Snow and Trees always green It s chief places In this Province are about 80 Cities both small and great the chief whereof are 1 Quangchen or Canton under which I shall include the Trade of China as being the chiefest place of Traffick It is well built of great Traffick rich and very populous to which the Portugals have a great Trade being commodiously seated on an Arm of the Sea The Isle and City of Amacao and its Trade 2. The Island and City of AMACAO is seated opposite to the City of Canton on the North side of a Bay which is at the mouth of the great River of Canton which issueth out of the Lake of Quancy This place is inhabited by the Portugals intermixed with the natural Chinois their particular Trade is with the City of Canton which may be counted the Staple of all the China Commodities whether they are permitted to come twice a year at which time there are Fairs kept for the vending of their Commodities which they carry to Malacta Gon and so into several parts of Europe But though they are admitted the liberty of Trade yet are they denied the freedom of lying in the City at nights neither to enter the Walls without setting down their names in Books which are kept by persons at each Gate for the same purpose which when they depart at night
must be great by reason of the rich Commodities that are found here He is so powerful that in 1616 he put to Sea 60000 Men of War in 200 Ships and 60 Galleys with store of Cannons and Ammunition to make War against the Portugals in Malacca and he alone drove them from the Fort which they had in Pacem and hindred them from taking footing in Sumatra The Fertility Commodities c. of these Isles The Air by reason of the great heats is very unhealthful but withal is very fertile abounding in Rice Millet Oyl Beefs Goats Sheep Fowls Fish store of Fruits also it is rich in Gold though of a lower alloy in Silver Copper Iron Tin in Precious Stones in Silks in several Spices as long and common Pepper Ginger Cinnamon Cloves Nutmegs also in Medicinal Drugs in Wax Honey Camphire Cassia Bezar Lignum Musk Civet Amber Alloes whole Woods of white Sandale abundance of Cotton c. The Hollanders are in good intelligence with the people and Kings of Sumatra and particularly with him of Achem They have no place or Fortress in the Isle but at Jambay a Kingdom City and River of the same name in one degree and fifty minutes beyond the Equator They have built on this River and 25 Leagues from the Coast a House to accommodate their Traffick with the Islanders Their Trade is for the most part Pepper which they send from this House to the Sea by Canoes The Inhabitants are many of them good Artificers and expert Mariners they are for the most part Gentiles yet of late Mahometism hath crept in amongst them They are of an Olive colour Complexion flat-faced but indifferent well proportioned and content themselves with a mean habit The Isle of Borneo its situation and fertility The Island of BORNEO like to Sumatra is part on this side and part beyond the Equator but it reaches on this side unto the seventeenth degree of North Latitude and beyond only to the fourth of South Latitude It s Form is almost round having only 250 Leagues from North to South and little less from West to East containing in its Continent more than Sumatra or any other Isle we have knowledge of in Asia but it is not so well inhabited nor of so great Trade as Sumatra yet more fertile and besides the same Commodites hath quantity of Myrabolans Its Forests are full of Trees which bear the most excellent Camphire in the World which is uttered in the Indies being too dear to be brought farther That which comes to us from China is so falsified and of so little value in respect of that which comes pure from Borneo that one hundred pounds of the one is not worth one pound of the other It hath also plenty of Provision Borneo Bendarmissin Lave and Hormeta are the fairest Cities or at least the best known of the Isle for we yet know nothing of the Eastern Coast Borneo is on a Salt Lake or rather at the bottom of the Gulf of the Sea as Venice is and is on the North-West of the Island Its Houses are built of Wood and upon Piles and are accounted to be 20 or 25000. Through every Street runneth a Channel or River of Water the Palace of the King and the Houses of the principal Lords are of Stone and on the firm Land Bendarmassin and Lave are towards the South regarding the great Java and both belong to the same King They build many Juncos at Bendarmassin The River of Succadan and the Neighbouring Forrests furnish them easily with Wood and all that is necessary for the building of those Vessels Lave is near a River of the same name and this River as Succadan yields Diamonds Hormeta is described by the Hollanders on the Coast Westwards of the Isle and they esteem it to have 2 or 3000 Houses Its Inhabitants The Inhabitants are great of an Olive colour of a good countenance their Women brown and chaste a thing very rare in the Neighbouring Islands They trade little to distant places being more inclined to Theft and Piracy then to Trade exercising this only with their Neighbours the others with strangers far off They are expert in all sorts of Arms of good Wits and capable of Arts. Their Apparel is much the same with the Indians which is a Linnen Cloth about their privy Parts and on their Heads Turbets In their Religion they are either Mahometants or Gentiles Several small Isles About Borneo are a great quantity of little Isles Bonquerano 3 Degrees St. John 4. Jolo or Zolo 5. Tagyma 6. and Combahan 8 Degrees of Latitude This last is on the North of the Gulph and City of Borneo near that Gulph is Pulogitgan c. all these Islands belong to the King or Kings of Borneo Isles of Java Major and Minor their situation length and breadth The two Islands of JAVA Major and Minor are to the South of Borneo however there is much dispute about the seat of the little one the greater lies from the sixth unto the eighth ninth or tenth Degree of South Latitude for we know not its certain breadth And from the 145 Meridian beyond the 155 this length being 250 Leagues and its breadth little less We have scarce knowledge of any but the North-coast of this Island none at all of its Southern The City of Bantam described with its great trade Along the North-Coast of Bantam where is one of the greatest Trades of all the East-Indies and where the Merchants of the East-India Company of England have their residence and where once there was a like Company for the Hollanders which they have transported to Jacatra or Batavia Bantam is at the foot of a Hill from which descend three Rivers of which one passes through the middle the others long and on the two sides of the City communicating by divers Channels convenient for the Mahometans who believe themselves purged from their sins as often as they wash but all too shallow for Ships to sail in the Walls of the City are of Brick of no great strength as also are their Gates which makes them have the greater care in guarding them The City is indifferent great yet have they but three principal Streets and these all but upon the Castle at every corner of the Streets there stands a guard and at Sunset they make fast all passage Boats so that in the night there is no stirring in the Streets The Houses are but meanly built either of Reeds or Straw and covered with Coco leaves but for preservation of Goods they have Store-houses made of Stone they have several places or Markets for the sale of Commodities as also an Exchange where Merchants meet Its Commodities The Commodities of Bantam are these of the Isle as all sorts of Druggs Pepper Sugar Preserved Ginger and all sorts of Sweet-meats both wet and dry Rice Honey c. Also in this City is found several good Commodities which are the product of other
the Negroes the Mona's or Mani that is Kings of Congo Monotapa and Emugi and the Soba of Angola in the Lower Ethiopia he of Adel in the Coast of Ajan besides which there are many Xeques of the Arabs many free and vagabond People who for the most part live without Chiess Faith or Law The Kings of Castile and Portugal hold many places on the Coasts of Africa those of Castile hold some on the Mediterranean Sea those of Portugal hold a great number on all parts of the Ocean which encompasses Africa but the Hollanders have taken some from them and others are delivered to the English Languages or Tongues spoken in Africa Amongst a great number of different Tongues that are in Africa the three or four principal and most general ones are the Beribere or African which comes from the Ancient Punick the Arabick and Ethiopian The African and Arabick extend themselves through all Barbary Billedulgerid Egypt and Saara according as the People of these Countries descend from the Africans or Arabs The Ethiopian is in the greatest part of Ethiopia if it be not on the Coast where the commerce and confluence of Strangers hath long since changed the Tongue But the Negroes seem to have a particular Language These Tongues have divers Idioms and very different the one from the other all or at least the three first descending from the Hebrew or Tongues derived from it Their Religions The Religions which have course in Africa may be reduced to four Mahometism Paganism Christianity and Judaism Mohometism possesses Barbary Billedulgerid Egypt Zaara or the Desart part of the Negroes and a good part of the Coast of Zanguebar Paganism holds part of the Negroes and Nubia Guinny and almost all the Lower Ethiopia I comprehend the Cafres with the Pagans part of Zanguebar and some mixture otherwhere Christianity holds in Africa almost the whole Empire of the Abissines part of Egypt but the most part Schismaticks and along all the Coasts of Africa where the Portugals are the strongest they have introduced Christianity as in Congo Angola and some Coasts of the Cafres and Zanguebar As for Judaism it is scattered in many Cities on the Coast of Barbary as at Morocco Fez Algier c. Likewise in Egypt and on the confines of the Abissines and the Negroes they have the Kingdom of Ximen tributary to the Abissines but the Jews are but a small number in Africa in comparison of the others I make account that Africa being divided into 16 equal parts Mahometism would possess 5 or 6 Paganism 6 or 7 Christianity 3 and Judaism only one It s division into Parts as at this day known AFRICA as it is at this day known may be divided into these 8 parts following viz. 1. Barbary in which is found the Kingdoms of Morocco Fez Algier Telensin Tunis Tripoli and Braca 2. Billedulgerid or Numidia 3. Egypt 4. Zaara or Libya Interiour in which is comprehended the Country of the Negroes Guinny with some certain Isles 5. Nubia 6. The Empire of the Abissines or the higher or greater Ethiopia in which I comprehend Zanguebar 7. Ethiopia the Lower in which are found the Kingdoms of Congo the Empire of the Monomotapa the Land of Cafres And 8. and lastly the Isles of Africa And of these in order Under the Name of BARBARY are comprehended several Kingdoms to wit The Kingdom of MOROCCO wherein are several Provinces and which may be considered as they lie On the Sea as Susa Taradante Messa Tagavostum Tojouta Gartguessemum Hea Tednest Teculethum Goza Tefethna Within Land as Guzula Guzula Morocco Morocco Agmer Elguimha Temella Hascora Elmadina Tagodaft Teldes Teiza Tedza Ducala Azamor El Medina Asafi The Kingdom of FEZ with its several Provinces which may be considered as they lie On the Ocean as Temesne Anfa Almansor Rabatt Adendum Fez Fez Mahmora Salla or Sally Asgar Cafar-el-Cabir Lharais On the Streight of Gibraltar Habar Arzila Tangier Tettinguina On the Mediterranean Sea as Errif Gomer Bedia Garret Mellila Fetis Up within Land as Chaus Teza Dubdu Gaâ—sis The Kingdom of ALGIER with its Provinces which may be considered as they lie On the West as Telensin with its Quarters Telesin Telesin Oran Marsalquibiâ— Hanghad Guagida Beni-Rafid Batha Tenez Tenesa Sersela Meliana In the Middle as Algier Algier Temendfufta Taddeles On the East as Bugia Bugia Chollum Gergelum Steffa Constantina Constantina Bona Tabarca Tebessa The Kingdom of TUNIS with its Governments and which may be considered as they lie On the Sea and are Maritim as Benserta Benserta Goletta Tunis Goletta Sousa Susa Hammmetha El-Media or Africa El-Media Within Land as Beija or Bege Beija Urbs Urbs Arbes Musti Marmagena Cayroan Cayroan Cafsa Hama The Kingdom or Province of TRIPOLI whose chief Maritim places are those of Capes Et-Hamma Tripolis the New Lepeda Tripolis the Old The Country of BARCA or LIBYA which may be divided into The Kingdom of BARCA as it regards the Sea and makes the most Eastern Coast of BARBARY whose chief places are Camera Bernichum Torachara Tolometa Zadra Barca Cayroan Boni-Andreas Musolomarus Albertonus Roxâ— Ripaealba The Desart of BARCA within Land more Southward and under the Tropick of Cancer whose chief places are Ammon Gorham Angela Alguechet Erner Sertâ— Ascor Ebâ—ida and Couzza A GENERALL MAPP OF THE COAST OF BARBARIE WHERE IN ARE THE KINGDOMS AND ESTATES OF MOROCCO FEZ ALGIER TUNIS AND TRIPOLIS ALSO THE KINGDOMS ESTATES AND DESERTS OF BARCA EGIPT LIBYA BILEDULGERID SEGELMESSE AND DARHA With the Circumjacent Counteries By Mounsieur Sanson Geographer to the French King and Rendred into English and Illustrated By Richard Blome By his Majesties Especiall Command London Printed for Ric Blome Aº 1667. Francis Lamb Sculpit MOROCCO Kingdom of Morocco its bounds THE Kingdom of MOROCCO is the most Western part of Barbary bounded by the Ocean the River Sus Mount Atlas and the River Ommiraby The Ocean washes it on the West the River Sus separates it from Tesset on the South Mount Atlas divides it from Darrha and Segelmesse on the East and the Ommiraby from the Kingdom of Fez on the North. In Provinces It is divided into 7 Provinces those of Sus Hea Guzula and Morocco are between the Rivers of Sus and Tensift the two first on the Sea and the other within Land The Provinces of Teldes Hascora and Ducala are between Tensift and Ommiraby the two first up in the Land the other on the Ocean and these three last stretch towards the North and East the four first towards the South and West Province of Sus its chief places c. 1. The Province of Sus is about the River Sus and is sometimes extended as far as Cape de Non. Taradante not far from Atlas is esteemed the chief City of this Province its Governours and Kings having here made their residence much enriched of late by the English and French Merchants who have here a Staple for their Sugars The Town is
Cordovants and of their Hair plain and watered Chamlets also store of Cattle Grains excellent Fruit amongst others their Grapes as big as Pullets-eggs they have plenty of Fowl The fertility Commodities and their Rivers breed store of Fish Province of Ducala Ducala the most Northern part of Morocco and possesses that which is between the River Tensift and Ommiraby a Land fruitful for Grains It s best Cities are 1. Azamor where the Ommiraby enlarges and forms a Gulph to disburthen it self into the Sea which before the Portugals became masters of it had above 5000 Houses It sell again into the hands of the Moors and entirely restored having a strong Garrison 2. Elmadine towards the Sea and in a fair Plain hath been esteemed the Capital of the Country 3. Magrizena-Sanut which they have fortified and on the same Coast have dismantled Tite the easier to fetch in Tribute thence and from the Neighboring places 4. Asafi or Satfy not far from Tensift is strong and hath a good Trade where the French hath a Consul Kingdom of Morocco The Kingdom of Morocco hath suffered great changes within these few Centuries of years having been often united and as often separated from that of Fez. And sometimes likewise its South parts Sus and Gurula have made a Kingdom apart It s principal Ports are those of Messa Azafi It s chief Ports Promontories and Rivers Mazagan and Azamor Its Promontories those of Guer Ocem Cantin and Carvos Its Rivers the Sus which waters its Southern parts Tensift which divides the Estate in 2 equal parts and Ommiraby which separates it from the Kingdom of Fez. It s Air Fertility and Commodities The Air of the Plains and Fields of Morocco is much hotter then in Europe that of the Mountains according to their height is more or less cold In general this Kingdom is provided with all things necessary for mans life they have Grains and Pulse in abundance as also Fruits which are excellent especially their Grapes They have likewise Flax Hemp Honey Wax Sugar Gold Silver Iron Copper Marble Cordovants Amber Chamlets and many good Manufactures The Kingdom of FEZ Kingdom of Fez. THe Kingdom of FEZ lies between that of Morocco and the Mediterranean and between the Ocean and the Kingdom of Telensin or Argiers Its Provinces are Temesne Fez and Azgar on the Ocean Its Provinces Habat on the Streight Errife and Garret on the Mediterranean Sea and Chaus all up in the Land Province of Temesne Temesne extends its self from Mount Atlas unto the Ocean hath formerly been so flourishing that it numbred 40 Great Cities more then 100 middle sized and 300 little ones besides an infinite number of Villages Besides the Intestine Wars of the Country the Portugals have divers times level'd and ruined the fairest Cities of the Coast as Anfa and Al-Mansor in 1468. and afterwards Rabatt likewise suffered their Incursions and Plunders Rabatt and its Fortress are on a Rising ground between the River of Buragrag and the Seâ— King Mansor caused it to be built after the Modell of Morocco but much less and made it one of the most considerable places of all Barbary erecting many Palaces Temples Hospitals Colledges Baines Shops c. and without the South Gate a Tower as high as that of Morocco it was very populous and of a good Trade And because the Waters round about were salt he made an Aquaeduct as beautiful as those about Rome But at present these fair Edifices are almost ruined it being possessed with not above 500 families and much souldiery because of the Neighbourhood of the Portugals most of the ground within the Walls being turned into Gardens Vineyards and Meadows Anfa on the Coast and in a delightful Plain hath been one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals but its being addicted to Pyracy was the cause of its ruine as of that of Al-mansor on the River Guir Within the Land Muchaila on the Guir and in the Road from Morocco to Rabat hath been rich well built with a great Territory and fruitful in Grain It was ruined by the Kings of Morocco and is not known at present but for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts whom they esteem a Saint and where the Country people lay in pledg their Ploughs and Instruments of labour which no persons dare touch They have another Morabut near Thagia whom they believe to work Miracles and to preserve them when they are met by Lions a place much frequented by those of Fez as being the Sepulcher of one of their Prophets to which they go in exceeding great numbers in Pilgrimage Adendum towards the Sea well walled and fenced on one side by a Lake or Pool Tegeget above the Ommiraby hath store of Grains where the Arabs have a Toll once of great note The Ornament of this Province and of the whole Kingdom nay we may say of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call the Court of the West It is 100 Thousand paces from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean It s form is a long square of which the middle is in a Plain the two ends on Hills and without several Suburbs some of 500 some 1000 and others of 2000 Houses This City bears the name of Fez from the abundance of Gold which was found in the digging the Foundation thereof It hath 12 principal Quarters or Regions 62 great places for Trade and much frequented by Merchants of divers Nations who are allowed a publick meeting place for their Commerce and lodging for their residence and also Store-Houses for their Commodities this place may rather be called a Court than an Exchange it being inclosed within a strong Wall in which are 15 fair Streets for several Nations to meet and reside for the better negotiating of their affairs to this inclosure there are 12 Gates which every night are shut up and kept guarded at the Cities charge for the security of their Goods and Persons Its Houses are well built hath abundance of Temples amongst which about 50 are well built and beautiful The greatest and most sumptuous of all is seated in the heart of the City containing about a Mile in Circuit hath 31 great high Gates and round about are several Porches containing 40 yards in length and 30 in breadth under which are the publick Store-houses of the City The Tower is sustained by 35 Arches in length and by 20 in breadth All the Temple hath 900 and almost all these pieces enriced with Marble It s Revenue is 200 Duckats a day others say 400 which are either 75 or 150 thousand Duckats yearly Within and without the City there are above 200 Hospitals of which 25 are for the sick people of the Country among which one can daily provide for 2000 Persons others are for strangers but their Revenues are much squandred and they give nothing but the Bed and Coverlet but in some
Natives and others that work in the Mines It is seated below the Mountain which bears the same name from whence they have their Silver A City esteemed free because of its large and ample priviledges the Officers for the Treasure of the Province residing here being also much frequented by Merchants which come hither to trade for their Silver bringing them several Commodities in exchange that they have need of so that I may say it is plentifully furnished with all Commodities as well for delight as necessity The other Cities are Neuestra Sennora de la Pax or Villanueva Oropesa and Chicuito a City of Indians Then Sancta Crux de la Sierra and in Tucuman St. Jago del Estera Neuestra Sennora de Talavera and St. Michael or Tucuman This Province rich in Mines of Silver That which is most observable in this Province are the Silver Mines de la Plata de Porco and above all those of Potossi being the most famous in the world though yielding nothing but Silver It is observed of this Mine that it hath four principal veins the first which is called the rich was Registred the 21 of April 1545. and the others in little time after These Enregisters are made to take notice of the time granted to those which discover the Mines to whom they belong defraying the charge and paying to the King the right of a fifth part It is said that the rich Mine had its Metal out of the Earth in fashion of a Rock or like a Chrest of 300 Foot long 12 or 15 broad and 10 or 12 deep And that which is likewise observable is that all these Veins are towards the Sun rising and not one towards its setting they have now exhausted all that was the best and easiest to take away and the Miners are descended into the Earth some to 500 others to 10 or 1200 Degrees of depth The Rich vein yielded the moiety of good Silver but now scarce will Quintal of Ore yield two Ounces of pure Silver yet some will say that the Catholick King receives for his fifth part near two millions of Crowns yearly Account is made of 20000 men working in these Mines and of 50000 Indians which go and come to the City of Potossi to trade SANCTA CRVX DE LA SIERRA or the Holy Cross of the chief Mountain of its little Province is East of Potossi but inclosed with many barbarous Nations on the West and South among others the Chirigudgues which are a sort of People not to be reduced to order though between La Sierra and Tucuman The Country is hot but sometimes oppressed with cold and sharp winds the Land hath Grains Mayz Wine and feeds much Venison The riches of the Ynca's of Peru. Their Policy Their Forces The Ynca Garcilasso de la Vega hath given us a very fine History of Peru of its Ynca's or Kings with their Riches great Revenues Policies and Forces as to their Wealth it was shewed by the vast Treasures which the Spaniards became Masters of all their moveables besides Rooms full of several sorts of Images being of Gold and Silver together with several Rooms filled with Treasure Their Policy was shewed in the management of their Affairs and enlargement of their Territories treating their Subjects kindly and lovingly and allowing them share in the spoils of other Countries meerly to endear them and gain their affections and by these and the like means they were much reverenced and faithfully served by their Subjects And lastly as to their Forces we may conclude them to have been great if we look back upon their great and many victories they have gained as also of the Civil Wars maintained between the first Spanish Chiefs that Conquered this great Empire though with no small pains Its Inhabitants expences and loss of men The People are said to be of a strong and healthy constitution couragious and warlike great Dissemblers ignorant of Letters much given to Drink were formerly so barbarous that they adored only Beasts or those inanimate things which they might make use of or which they feared might hurt them sacrificing not only Fruits and Beasts but likewise Men and Women taken in War and sometimes their own Children Two rare Plants worthy of note Among the rarities of this Country here is a Plant which if put into the hands of a Sick person will immediately discover whether he shall die or recover for if he at the putting it to his hand look of a chearful countenance then it is a sign of his recovery but if sad and troubled a sure sign of death They have another Plant of which the North-part regarding the Mountains beareth its Fruits only in Summer and the Southern-parts towards the Sea in the Winter season only CHILI Chili bounded It s length and breadth CHILI is between Peru which is North of it and the Patagons which are on its South towards the Streight of Magellan and between Paragua and the Magellanick-Land which are on the East of it and the Mer del Sud which washes it on the West its length from North to South extends from the 26 Degree of Latitude unto the 46 and reaches 500 Leagues It s breadth from West to East is between the 296 and 302 and sometimes 305 306 307 Degrees of Latitude and sometimes likewise stretches 500 Leagues But the Andes bounding it almost all along the East these Mountains in some places advance so near the Sea that they leave it but a small breadth Chili divided into three quarters which are subdivided into 13 Jurisdictions Chili is divined into three Quarters and these Quarters into thirteen Jurisdictions one of the three Quarters retains the name of Chili and contains the Jurisdictions of Serena Quillata and St. Jago de Chili extending it self from the River of Copiapo unto that of Maule where are on the Coast the Ports of Copiapo of Guasco of Coquimbo where Sir Francis Drake was repulsed and of Valpayraso where he surprised a Vessel laden with 25000 Pezo's of Gold of Valdivia and a great quantity of Wines The second Quarter advances from the River of Maule unto that of Gallegos and is called the Imperial from one of its principal Cities The Jurisdictions of this part are those of Conception of Ongol or de los Infantos of the Imperial of Villarica of Valdivia of Osorno and of Chilva The Conception Valdivia and Chilva have their Ports of the same name that of Canten serves for the Imperial These two Quarters of Chili and the Imperial are between the Mer del Sud and the Andes Beyond these Mountains in the last Quarter Chicuito or Cuyo where are the Jurisdictions of Mendoza and St. Juan de la Frontera All these Jurisdictions take their Names from the principal Cities besides which they have some others But a word or two of some of the chief Cities in Chili It s chief Cities described and first of Copiapo seated in a Fertil
Province of Misne The Province of MISNE hath for its chief places 1. Dresden seated on the Albis the residence of the Duke and Prince Elector of Saxony it is a place of great strength having on its Walls and Bulwarks 150 Peeces of Ordnance being the Dukes Magazin for Arms and Men where upon a days warning he can make ready 30000 Horse and Foot 2. Dipsick seated in a fruitful Plain for Corn a fair Town graced with large Streets and beautified with many lofty Buildings of Freestone and is of some account for its University for the study of Philosophy and it is observed that these Philosophers amongst other Secrets in nature find Beer so good that the Duke gains by the Custom thereof drunk by them and the Inhabitants who follow their steps about 20000 l. per annum sterling Dutchy of Voitland The Dutchy of VOITLAND is of no large extent and of as little note its chief places are Altembourg and Zuickaw Province of Turinge The Province of TVRINGE about 120 miles in length and breadth is divided into several parts and hath for its chief places 1. Erdford a fair and large City 2. Jeve an University of Physitians 3. Smalcald famous for the Lutheran League here made in Anno 1530 by the German Princes which in a short time was propogated over all Christendom 4. Cobourg 5. Quedelimberg 6. Salsfeldt 7. Mulhausen and 8. Northausen which two last are Imperial Cities The Principality of ANHALT hath for its chief places Dessau and Bernebourg Anhalt Marquisate of Brandenbourg The Marquisate of BRANDENBOVRG East of Poland is in compass about 520 miles is separated into the parts of Altmark Mittle Mittlemarck Marche and Newmarck its chief places are 1. Havelberg scituate on the River Havel the Seat of a Bishop 2. Brandenbourg which communicates its name to the Country 3. Berlin seated on the River Spre the ordinary residence of the Marquiss 3. Francfort seated on the Oder to distinguish it from the other on the Meine and in a fertil Soil for Corn and Wine it is dignified with an Vniversity and a great Mart Town but not comparable to the other Francfort and 5. Landsberg Province of Pomerania The Province of POMERANIA South of Brandenbourg is divided into nine Dutchies whose names are set down in the Geographical Table It s chief places are 1. Stettin the residence of the Prince which from a poor Fisher Town is now become the chief of the Country 2. Walgast once a famous Mart Town where the Russians Vandals Danes and Saxons had their particular Streets of abode for Trade but now it is lost and from thence removed to Lubeck 3. Gripsvald an University 4. Straelsond 5. Bergen 6. Stargart 7. Colberg 8. Stolpe and 9. Lowenbourg That part of the Country about Stettin belong to the Swede and that towards Colberg to the Marquisate of Brandenbourg Lower Saxony with its parts The Lower SAXONY is divided into the Archbishopricks Bishopricks divers Dutchies with some Imperial Cities the names of all which are set down in the Geographical Table of Saxony In this Lower Saxony are divers good Towns and Cities the chief of which are 1. Magdebourg a City which gives name to its Territory 2. Breme which also gives name to its Territory or Archbishoprick is one of the Hans-Towns so called from the freedom of Traffick here used it is commodiously seated on the Visurge which runneth through the City and at five miles distance falleth into the Sea 3. Ferden 4. Hiddelshein 5. Halberstat which three last are all Cities which give name to their Territories or Bishopricks The several Dutchies are HOLSTEIN or HOLSATIA where are the Cities of Kyell Segelberg and Gluckstad Dutchy of Lunebourg The Dutchy of LVNEBOVRG hath for its chief places 1. Lunebourg said to be so called from the Moon which the ancient Inhabitants worshipped it is an Imperial and Free City of good strength being well fortified with thick Mud-walls and deep Ditches and its Buildings are fair a place well known for its salt â—â—untain here found over which is built a spacious House containing 52 Rooms in every one of which are placed eight Chaldrons of Lead in each of which are boiled a Tun of Salt every day the profit of which is divided into three parts one to the Duke another to the City and the other to the Monastery and some adjoyning Earldoms And 2. Celle the Seat of the Duke of Lunebourg Dutchy of Brunswick c. The Dutchy of BRVNSWICK hath for its chief places 1. Brunswick seated in a fertil Soil for Corn a free Imperial City strongly fenced about with Walls besides the River of Ancor which encompasseth it this place is famous for its Mum which the Inhabitants are so much addicted unto that they commonly spend the Forenoons about their Affairs and the Afternoons in good Fellowship 2. Wolfenbutten the Seat of the Dukes of Brunswick The Dutchy of GRVBENHAGEN whose chief place is Limbeck The Dutchy of GOTTINGEN whose chief place is Gottingue The Dutchy of LAWENBOVRG whose chief places are Lawenbonrg and Hadler The Dutchy of MECKLENBOVRG West of Pomerania hath for its chief places 1. Wismar so named from Wisamarus a King of the Vandals Father of Rhadaguse who with Alarick the Goth sacked Rome 2. Rostock an University and 3. Scierin Amongst the Imperial Free Cities or Hans-Towns which are about 72 most of which are seated on the Sea-shoar or navigable Rivers enjoying large Immunities and able to put to Sea about 100 Sail of Ships these following are of most note 1. Lubeck seated on the Trane which on the North-side divides Germany from Denmark and on a spacious Hill on the top whereof is a beautiful Church from whence lead Streets to all the Gates of the City besides which there are nine other Churches it is encompassed with a double Wall one of Brick and the other of Earth and in some parts deep Ditches where Ships of about 1000 Tuns are brought up to Winter from Tremuren its Maritim-Port seated on the Baltick Sea from which it is about a miles distance The Buildings of this City are of Brick and very beautiful to which they have many pleasant Gardens and the Inhabitants are to be commended for their civility to Strangers as also for their strictness in the execution of their Justice 2. Hambourg seated on a large and Sandy plain and on the banks of the Albis where it divides Germany from Denmark it is a strong City encompassed with a deep Ditch and on the East and North-sides with a double Ditch and Wall and hath six Gates for entrance the Haven being shut up with Iron-Chains and strictly guarded It is adorned with many fair buildings as the Senate-house the Exchange c. hath nine Churches for Divine Worship and its private Houses are for the most part neatly built it is very populous well Inhabited and frequented by Merchants especially by the English who have here a Factory
for Woolen-Cloth In this City there hath been observed to be 777 Brewers 40 Bakers one Lawyer and one Physitian the reason of this great disproportion as one wittily observed was that a Cup of Nimis is the best Vomiting potion and their Controversies were sooner composed over a Pot of Drink than by order of Law 3. Stoad commodiously seated for Traffick on the Elve about five miles distance from Hambourg once a place of a better Trade than now it is These Cities are called Free from their great Prerogatives in coyning Money and ruling by their own Laws and Imperial as knowing no Lord or Protector but the Emperour to whom they pay two Thirds of such Contributions as are assessed in the Assemblies Germany is a spacious Country and very populous the People are of a strong Constitution and good Complexion are very ingenious and stout much given to drink but of a generous disposition the Poorer sort great Pains-takers and the Nobles which are many for the Title of the Father descends to all their Children are either good Scholars or stout Souldiers so that a Son of a Duke is a Duke a thing which the Italians hold so vain and foolish that in derision they say That the Dukes and Earls of Germany the Dons of Spain the Nobility of Hungaria the Bishops of Italy the Lairds of Scotland the Monsieurs of France and the younger Brethren of England make a poor Company There are so many inferiour yet free Princes in this Country that in a days Journey a Traveller may meet with many Laws and as many sorts of Coin every Prince making use of his own Laws and Coins whose Laws the Emperours are sworn to keep which made one say that the Emperour is King of Kings the King of Spain King of Men and the King of France King of Asses as bearing his heavy Taxes The fertility and Commoditles of Germany The Country is generally fertil and temperate being scituate under the Temperate Zone Here are many Mines of Silver and other Inferiour Mettals it hath store of Corn and Wine which they transport to forreign Countries as likewise Linnen Laces Woollen and divers Manufactures also Quicksilver Alom Arms of all sorts and other Iron-works and its Ponds Lakes and Rivers are well stored with Fish It s chief Rivers The chief Rivers of Germany are the Rhine the Weser the Elbe and the Oder for the Danube having but a small course in this Country shall be elsewhere spoken of The Commodities and Trade of Belgium That part which we call BELGIVM or the Low Countries is of a large extent seated in the North Temperate Zone under the 8 and 9th Climates the longest day being 17 hours the Air by reason of the industry of the Inhabitants in draining the Marishes and turning the standing-Waters into running-Streams is now very healthful as being purged from those gross Vapours which did thence arise the Country lieth exceeding low and therefore subject to Inundations The Commodities that these Countries yield are Linnens Yarn Thread Sayes Silks Velvets Tapestries Pictures Prints Blades Sope Butter Cheese Fish Pots Bottles Ropes Cables Armour several Manufactures c. besides the Commodities of India Persia China Turkey and other parts which are here had in great plenty by reason of the vast Trade they drive in all parts The Estates of the Crown of POLAND are POLAND under the name of which is comprized The Kingdom of POLAND as it is divided into the Higher or Little POLAND where are the Palatinates of Cracou with its Castlewicks of Cracou Vounicz Sandecz Biecz Sandomirie with its Castlewicks of Sandomitz Vislicz Radom Zawichost Zaroâ—w Malogocz Czeschow Lublin with its Castle Lublin Lower or Great POLAND where are the Palatinates of Posna where are the Castlewicks of Posna Meseritz Ragozno Sremck Brzesti Crimn Sandock Kalisch with its Castlewicks of Kalisch Kamin Gnesna Landa Nackel Biechow Sirad with its Castlewicks of Sirad Wielâ—n Rozpirz Lencini with its Castlewicks of Lencici Bressini Inowlocz Dobrzin with its Castlewicks of Dobizin Rippin Stouck Ploczk with its Castlewicks of Ploczk Rasuntz Sceps Rava with its Castlewicks of Rava Sochaczow Gostiny Cowal Divers Dutchies with their Castlewicks to wit RUSSIA NOIRE which is esteemed in the Higher Poland where are the Palatinates of Leowenborg or Leopolis with its Castlewicks of Leowenborg Halicz Drzemist Zamoscie Belz with its Castlewicks of Beln Chelm CUJAVIA which is esteemed in the Lower Poland where are the Palatinates of Brzesti with its Castlewicks of Brzesti Krusnick Cowal Uladislau with its Castlewicks of Uladislau Bidgost MAZOVIA also esteemed in the Lower Poland where are the Palatinates of Czersk with its Castlewicks of Warzaw Liw Czersk Wissegrod Zakrotzim Ciechanow Wilna PRUSSIA or PRUSSE as it is divided in POLAQUIE PRUSSIA ROYALE where are the Palatinates of Dantzick with its Castlewicks of Dantzick Elbing with its Castlewicks of Elbing Marienburg with its Castlewicks of Marienburg Culm with its Castlewicks of Culm PRUSSIA DUCALE with its Palatinate and Castlewick of Koningsberg with its Palatinate of Bielsk with its Castlewick of Bielsk And divers other Estates Dutchies c. united or subject to the Crown of POLAND viz. Dutchy of LITHUANIA under the name of which are comprised LITHUANIA where are the Palatinates of Wilna with its Castlewicks of Wilna Osmiana Wilkomirs Braslaw with its Castlewicks Braslaw Misdzial Troki with its Castlewicks Troki Kowno Grodno Lida Minsk with its Castlewicks of Minsk Borissow Robaczow Rzeczica Mary Minsk with its Castlewicks of Mscislnw Mohilow Orssa Novogrodeck with its Castlewicks of Novogrodeck Slonim Woskowiska Polosczk with its Castlew of Polosczk Vitepsk with its Castlew of Vitepsk POLESIE where is Breâ—siici with its Castlew of Bressici SAMOGITIE with its Palatinate and Castlewick of Rosienie Dutchy of VOLHYNIE as it is divided in the Higher VOLHYNIE with its Palarinate of Lusuc with its Castlewicks of Lusuc Wolodomiers Krzemienec Lower VOLHYNIE with its Palatinate of Kiovia with its Castlewicks of Kiovia Owrucze Zitomirz PODOLIE with its Palat. of the Higher PODOLIE as Kamieniec with its Castlew of Kamieniec Lower PODOLIE as Braclaw with its Castlewick of Braclaw Part of MOSCOVIA where are The Dutchies of Smolensko with its Castlew of Smolensko Novogrodeck with its Cast of Novogrodeck POLAND Poland and its parts THE Estates of the Crown of Poland ought to be considered in two sorts the one called the Estates of POLAND and the other of LITHVANIA these two having heretofore had their Kings and Dukes apart and not having been united till within about 270 years The Estates of Poland shall be Poland which we will divide into the Higher and Lower or Lesser and Greater and into the Dutchies of Russia Noire Cajavia Mazovia and Prussia The Estates of Lithuania may be divided into Lithuania Volhinia Podolia c. all Dutchies but Lithuania much the greater wherefore he who possesseth them is entituled the Great Duke of Lithuania It s extent All these Estates of Poland and Lithuania taken