but through it being environ'd with a Wall planted with Guns to defend it against the Portuguese who in the Year Fifteen hundred under the Command of Vasques de Gamma took this Fort with all the Turkish Gallies At the same time the City was also conquer'd by a People call'd Imbires living not far from the Cape of Good Hope by the aid of the Portuguese after a long Siege into which five hundred of them entring by Storm pull'd down the Walls Churches and a greatvaulted Castle to the ground and burn'd all the Ships in the Haven The King of Mombaza himself with all his Courtiers and great Officers fell into the hands of these Imbires which not onely put them to death but eat them up The City was once before in the Year Fifteen hundred and five ruin'd by one Francois Almede and some years afterwards again re-built by the King of Mombaza but it long held not up its head being again assaulted taken and plunder'd by another Portuguese call'd Nunno de Acunha who endeavouring to settle were forced to leave their Conquest and retire to the fore-mention'd Fort but were also at last dispossessed thereof by the same King in the Year Sixteen hundred thirty one The temperature of the Air gives no cause of complaint to such as dwell there Air. nor the barrenness of the Countrey any discouragement to Planters there being store of Mille Plants Rice many sweet and sowre Oranges and also some very large with sweet Rhinds like China-Oranges Citrons Pomegranates and Peaches without Stones They have many excellent Sheep Beasts Cows very large Goats and Hens The People are of a whitish-brown Colour Nature somewhat inclining to black more loving and courteous than those of the other Places lying near the Sea The Women are very richly Habited Apparel in Cloth of Gold and Silver after the Arabian manner Their common Food is Mille and Rice Food and their Drink either Areka made of boyl'd Rice or Wine of Honey which they keep in great Horns in stead of Casks cut in several fashions They have a King Government whom they honor like a God and say he Reigns only upon the Earth as the Portuguese do upon the Sea He is said to be so arrogant and self-conceited that at the falling of Rain against his pleasure or excessive Heat he breaks out into several exclamations against Heaven and out of madness draws his Bowe against the Sun In brief he calls himself the Emperor of all the World and imagines that he shall overcome the whole Earth He keeps commonly an Army of fourscore thousand Men in the Field and in their March observes this Order First he commands to go before him many Droves of Cattel next several persons carry Fire whereby he intends to declare that all those whom he Conquers must expect nothing else but to be Roasted and Eaten All the Towns and Villages he travels through of the Enemies he ruines and without distinguishing of Men from Beasts kills all he finds so that all stand in great fear of him and betake themselves to flight when they hear of his approach The King of Mombaza and all his Subjects were formerly Idolaters Religions but at present embrace Mahomet's Superstition introduced by their last King about the Year Sixteen hundred thirty one He was from his Infancy inclin'd to Christianity and Marry'd to a Christian Woman but being too highly affronted by the Governor of the Portuguese Fort fell off from it and then raged against them with horrible fury putting all to death that fell into his Hands and never ceased till he had expell'd them the Countrey This Seat was formerly for the conveniency of its Haven a Place of great Trade being much frequented by neighboring Merchants from Zanzibar Penda Araer and other parts of Africa The Kingdom of Melinde THe Kingdom of Melinde lying more to the North than that of Mombaza hath received its Name from the chief City Borders seated on the Shore of the Sea It lyeth in two Degrees and a half South-Latitude and reaches along the Sea-Coast of Mombaza to the River Quilmanzi and runs into the Countrey to the Place call'd Calice The chief City Melinde situate in a pleasant Plain The chief City and surrounded with several Gardens contains many Houses very neatly built of hew'n Stone with handsom Rooms and Painted Cielings Some will have it from the famous Arabian Physitian Avicen call'd Avicenne Mondelle from whence the black Aloe comes to be the same with Melinde The Haven lieth a little distant from the City by reason of sundry Rocks which makes the Landing-place very dangerous The Countrey is fat and fruitful and yields all necessary Provisions Plants except Bread in stead of which the Inhabitants use the Root Potatesen Some Rice and Barley grows there but inconsiderable nor have they any Wheat and Rye but what is brought from Kambaye There are several sorts of Fruits-Trees and above all very excellent and well tasted Melons in the Countrey Language call'd Dormous which the Inhabitants eat in the Summer time as a pleasant cooler There is all sorts of Venison and Fowl great and small Cattel Beasts chiefly Sheep much bigger than those in Europe with Tails of five and twenty and thirty Pound weight Hens Geese and all sorts of Flesh may be had here in great abundance The Inhabitants are some black Nature of the Inhabitants and some brown with Curl'd Hair but those which live by the River Quilmanzi are white as also most of the Women of Melinde The Women go very nobly apparell'd in Silks Apparel and wear Gold and Silver Chains with a Cloth before their Faces when they go abroad The Men go naked down to their Wastes but from thence wear Cotton or Silk Coats with a Linnen or Cotton Turbant on their Heads The principal Commodities for Trade are Gold Ivory Copper Quicksilver and Wax which the Mahumetan and Cambayan Merchants barter for Clothes and Stuffs For Arms they use Scimiters Arms. Shields Bowes and Arrows Some have reputed them the valiantest of all Africa yet those of Mombaza have often put them into fear and would have treated them very badly had they not obtain'd the Portuguese assistance The Subjects honour their King very highly Honor shown to the King carrying him on their Shoulders and at his going out in the Streets burning sweet Perfumes before him which also they use to do before all other Princes and Lords that come to visit them The King takes cognisance in Person of all Matters in debate Their manner of executing Justice although he hath appointed Officers and Judges to officiate in the administration of Justice And if any complain of another person to the King he must be sure to give a good account of the Matter or else he runs in danger of losing his Head however upon the Complaint he immediately sends for the person if the
dangerous the later more secure than convenient The City appears in the form of an * The form of the City like a Market-Cross oblong Cross and divided into the old and new Town which being three Miles in length incloseth two or three sandy Hills but Villamont makes the City four-square and saith that it is encompass'd with two old Walls of a large circuit The Walls after so many terrible shocks What manner of Walls it hath in part remain standing which Alexander himself rais'd strengthened with very many Turrets and beautified with ranks of stately Pillars The inserted Draught representing the antient state of the City to the life onely mentions one hundred and eighteen each of which is four Stories high and built more for ornament than strength yet some of them still spacious enough to receive some hundreds of Souldiers to quarter in In the Walls of the old City were four principal Gates The Gates of the City all fortified with strong Iron Bars One on the East side call'd Cairo-gate The second to the West leading towards the Wilderness of Barca The third named the Popes Gate on the South-side leads out to the great Sea of Elbucharia or Bouchaira The Sea Elbucharia formerly Mareotis and about half a Mile from the City shadowed round with Palm Trees in this Sea which is of a large extent lye several small Islands to which the Inhabitants for fear of the Enemy sometimes fly for shelter some name this Sea abounding with various kinds of Fish yielding a great yearly Revenue Antaca from another City near it The fourth is the Sea-gate opening to the Sea-side The new City appears somewhat pleasanter The New City having on its left side the Old Haven now Porto Vecchio and for its defence hath one Castle belonging to the old Town which though not of so good use because of the cumbersome passage into it yet affords a convenient Rode and Haven for the Turks Galleys and other small Vessels And if it were not for the Neighboring Sea it would without doubt be quite void of Inhabitants because of the bad Air And as it is the Buildings are mean and few inhabited by Jews Turks Moors Copties and Greeks who reside there onely for Merchandize little else inviting them thither This City hath been several times besieg'd and as often ruin'd The City often Ruin'd and Rebuilt but never so fatally as in the year 1624. when the Pyrats of Barbary who in great Multitudes ranged over the Mid-land Sea seizing and enslaving all persons without difference of Nations Sex or Religions lay'd it almost utterly waste falling on like Wolves whose implacable rage was never satisfy'd till 't was lay'd in ashes so that nothing could be seen but Walls decay'd and Streets buried under the rubbish of their demolish'd Buildings since which time 't was begun to be Re-built but so tediously that in the year after its Destruction there were onely four small Huts erected however not long after they proceeded with such vigor and diligence Turks encourage its Building that many new Fabricks were rais'd and by the Turks encouragement at length became a stately City And indeed the Turks endeavor to raise this place to the former lustre by continual additions of new Edifices but they take so little notice of the old that they let them fall down for want of repair which makes several Houses Churches and other Buildings there seem half destroy'd by their heaps of rubbish testifying their antient greatness and glory Agathias opinion refuted contrary to the opinion of Agathias who says that in his time the Buildings of Alexandria were neither firm nor large The Houses are not ridged with Gable ends Houses but flat like those of the East-Countrey for several conveniencies especially the pleasure of walking for the Inhabitants after Meals take great delight to expatiate there or take repose both Winter and Summer They all seem to be founded on great Arches and Marble Pillars with Vaults and Sluices underneath to receive the Nile water when it overflows which Flood-gates are so many and great that the whole City seems to stand on Arches and Pillars for a branch of the River from between Cairo and Rosetta runs thither through certain Drains or Common-Sewers under the City Walls to fill the Brooks This water when the muddy slime is sunk to the bottom becomes clear and is used by many Eminent Citizens and Gentlemen upon all occasions But that which is muddy and dirty the common people use and are content with because in all the City there is no publick Spring or Well to repair to There are three small Hills Three Hills resembling that named Testacio at Rome and where many Earthen Vessels Urnes Pots and old Medals are found Heretofore near the old Palace of Alexander were two * Two Obelisks Both these were erected by the Egyptian King Sothis about 1058. years after the Flood Dr. Brown Obelisks each an hundred foot high and eight broad of one entire Stone of Thebane Marble intermix'd and speckled with Veins of two other Colours One of these remains yet entire but sunk deep into the earth yet seems to exceed that of St. Peters at Rome but the other is quite ruin'd Upon a small Hillock about two hundred paces from the City surrounded with Palm Trees and from whence is a prospect both of the Buchairan Lake and Mid-land Sea * Perhaps from its being hem'd in with Palms stands Pompey's Pillar by the Arabians call'd Hemadussenar that is The Trees-Pillar though hewen out of one entire rough Stone the same with that of the Pyramids and of so exceeding height and thickness that to this day no Artificer could ever be found that would undertake to remove it thence to any other place The height and bigness of Pompey's Pillar It is a hundred and five and twenty foot high the Pedestal fifteen foot in compass remaining yet firm and whole why it is so call'd we can with no certainty affirm unless it were erected for a Remembrance of the Magnificence of * It is said to have been reared by Caesar as a Memorial of his Pompeyan victory Mr. Sandy's in his Travels Caesar or Pompey It is Fabled that a certain Egyptian King set it there to defend the City against Naval incursions having placed a Magical Burning-glass on the top that being uncover'd had power to set fire on all Ships sailing by In the Suburbs is a place where 't is reported St. Athanasius hid himself to escape the Arrian persecution Here also between three Columns of Porphiry is shewn the place where 't is said St. Catharine was Beheaded to whose Memory the Christians formerly erected a Church now by the Turks converted to a Mosque In the adjoyning Street is a Cross on the spot where they say the Evangelist St. Mark suffer'd Martyrdom to whose honour St. Mark 's Church the Patriarchal See a Church was built formerly
made under a good Horoscope and enabled by Art to preserve Cities wherein they are kept or set up in a victorious and impregnable condition And the Architect employ'd to place those Apples not onely used the like Arts but had by Magick set several Spirits for the constant keeping of them Many Kings have endeavour'd to take them down but still some mishap hath followed to prevent them The King of Morocco himself Anno 1500. boasted he would take and bestow them upon the Portugals as a Reward for their Service in the Defence of his State but the Commons withstood it alleadging they were the greatest Ornament of Morocco and next to the Kingdom they were fit to be preserv'd In this Palace are thirty Chambers and a Hall on all sides within and without furnish'd richly with all sorts of Imagery and appointed for places of Contemplation and Study In the midst of the whole stands a very goodly Fountain canopi'd and turrited with white Marble artificially Carved and Polished ¶ ABout half an hours Journey from the City The Garden or Montserat lieth a very stately and pleasant Orchard or Garden of the Kings call'd Montserat planted with above fifteen thousand common Trees the like number of Oranges and Dates and about thirty six thousand Olive-Trees besides many other sorts of Plants Flowers and wholesome Herbs A Rivulet cometh out of the Mountain and runs quite through it watering not onely the Plants but feeding many sorts of Fish In the midst of this lieth a four-square place wherein stands a Leopard of white Marble speckel'd with black Spots to the life at every corner and round about encompast with Marble Pillars upon each of which is a Lyon spouting clear water out of his mouth To this Garden adjoyns a Park A Park of Beasts wherein are inclosed a great number of Wilde Beasts as Elephants Lyons Deer and the like In the first Court of the Palace Moquet says appear three very stately Buildings after the Morish Fashion and adorned with Fountains The second Court hath Piazzaed Walks supported with white Marble Columns so artificially built that the best Architect may admire their Workmanship And on the ground stand many Marble Vessels with clear water where the Moors wash themselves before they go to their Sala Next this are the Habitations of the Jews The Jews Dwelling-place like a second City girt with strong Walls but having one onely Gate guarded by the Moors Many Agents or Embassadours from several Princes and States of Europe use to be here resident The ordinary Houses are low Their Houses small and slight raised up onely of Loam and Chalk but the Houses of great Persons are magnificent built with Stone and flat at the top to walk upon for coolness Most of the Mosques or Churches Churches which there are very numerous are entire Marble and cover'd with Lead The River Tenzift runs through the City whose Water the Citizens use on all occasions and serves also to drive Mills for grinding Corn. ¶ THis Province abounds with Flax The Fruitfulness of the Soil about Morocco Hemp Wheat and all sorts of Grain which it vents abroad into other parts in great quantities nor yields it a less store of Dates Figs Raisins Apples Pears Olives Nuts and the like Fruits besides Cattel which afford plenty of Milk Butter and Cheese But the tops of the Mountains lye many times covered with Snow being for the most part barren and cold and at best producing nothing but Barley Eight Leagues from Morocco Agmet upon the top of a Mountain stands Agmet in former times rich and populous containing about six thousand Families but at present decay'd and affording Wolves Foxes and other wilde Beasts and Fowl a burrow and resting place Elgiumuhe or Elgiemahe by the River Xeuxaue or Sochaiu Elgiumuhe about two Miles from Mount Atlas formerly a place well inhabited but now lieth almost waste and desolate Emigiagen or Umegiagen a City and Fort eight miles Southerly of Elgiemake Emigiagen surrounded with a stony Rock in stead of a Wall Tazarat or Tesrat or Terrasast lieth upon the Banks of Eciffelmel Tazarat five miles Westerly of Morocco and seven from Mount Atlas Teneze at the foot of Atlas call'd Guidimyve or Gedmeve Teneze three miles from the River Eciffelmel Gemaagidid call'd by some Delgumuhe Gemaagidit a fair City lying upon the high Mountain Sicsive five and twenty mile from Morocco containeth about a thousand or twelve hundred Houses The City Temelet call'd by some Temelle and Mehedie Temelet lying on a Mountain Imizimiz or Imismizi on the hanging of the Hill Guidimive Imizimiz hath below it a Road which runs cross Mount Atlas and is call'd Bureix which signifies Feathers because the Flakes of Snow oftentimes flye over this City like Doun Tamdegost or Tumeglast about five mile from Atlas Tamdegost Animmey a small City on the side of a Plain Animmey about three miles from Morocco Eastward ¶ HEre also are divers great Hills such are Nefuse or Nefise Derenders Hills of Morocco Nefuse Aden and Atron lying in the West and dividing it from Hea. Very barbarous people inhabit it who live hardly The Semmede begins at the foot of Nefuse Semmede and spreads Eastward seven miles in Length The Xauxave to the Southward of Semmede Xauxave gives name to a River rising there The Mountain Sicsive is very high Sicsive and the Hill Temelet boasts of a stately City call'd Temelet The Guidimive or Gedmeve begins at the Westerly Foot of Semmede Guidimive extending East about eight miles The Hantete is so high Hantete that at a distance it sheweth continually cover'd with the Clouds touching to the West on Guidimive and reaching Eastward about six miles to Animmey which also lifts it self up to a great heighth extending from hence Eastward to the River Tecouhin ¶ THe Constitution and Nature of the Inhabitants we will now give you a touch of as in the several places wherein they are seated The Constitution of the Inhabitants and begin with them of Morocco who are well featur'd and very white The Men delight much in Hunting and Hawking and therefore keep excellent Horses which according to their Custom they manage with good judgement They take great pleasure in keeping all sorts of Fowl which are brought to them from Mount Atlas They of Elgiumuhe are diligent in Husbandry but often plunder'd by the Arabs Those of Delgumube are extraordinary neat in their Habit proud bold-spirited but very jealous The Mountaineers are ill natur'd rough and deceitful coveting from Strangers what ever they have They go meanly Habited live as beasts and feed on Barley with a little Oyl of Olives Some few of them have Converse with Jews from whom they learn some Mechanick Arts wearing onely under their Feet artificial Soals to defend them from sharp Stones and Thorns And their best Habit is meerly a
Cloth about their Loins to keep off the violent beatings of the Snow All the aforemention'd Cities and Towns Strength and Riches of Morocco are by natural Scituation exceeding strong and the inhabitants Powerful and Rich so that if they were reduced under one Head by such a Union his Discretion and good Conduct might effect great matters HEA THe Jurisdiction of Hea Borders of the Territory of Hea. the most Westerly Part of the Moroccian Kingdom joyns to the Great Atlas which the Inhabitants call Aivakall conterminated on the West and North with the great Ocean on the South with Atlas and part of Sus and on the East with the River Eciffelmel which divideth it from Morocco The famousest Places lying in this Territory are Tedoest Tedoest heretofore the chief City of Hea was in the Year Fifteen hundred and fourteen totally ruin'd but is now rebuilt in part by the Jews who have erected there five hundred Houses Agobel Agobel a strong City on a Hill and surrounded with a Wall contains about three hundred and thirty Houses Alguel Alguel scituate also on a Hill hath tolerable Walls and the advantage of two small Rivers running through it Tekuleth Tekuleth a fair City on the side of a Hill eighteen Miles Westward of Tedoest close by the Fort Aguz at the mouth of the River Tekulet which Ptolomy call'd Diure Hadequis Hadequis lying on a Plain three Spanish Miles from Tekuleth before its Destruction by the Portugueze in the Year Fifteen hundred and eleven had Walls of Stone strengthened with Towers The Houses were of the like Materials amounting to twenty thousand but now is thinly inhabited by a few Jewish Merchants So also the next City Texevit Texevit though wall'd and water'd by a pretty large River falling from the neighbouring Hills between which it stands Lusugaguen Leusugaguen or Ilusugaguen a strong City built on a high Hill in manner of a Fort three Mile from Hadis Southward But amongst these Mountain-Cities Tesegdelt is imputed the chiefest four Miles from Texevit having a Wall of sharp Rocks it containeth about a thousand Houses and is moistned with a handsom River Tegteze Tegteze or Tagtesse stands on a high Hill five Miles from Tesegdelt the ascent to it going round the Hill as it were by winding stairs Eitdevet Eitdevet five Miles from Tegteze towards the South an antient City containing about Seven hundred Houses Kuleyhat Elmuhaidin Kuleyhat Elmuhaidin that is a Foundation for Scholars seven Miles from Eitdevet was first built in the Year Fifteen hundred and twenty by an Apostate Mahumetan named Homar Seyef who broached divers new Opinions as to matters of Religion drawing after him many Followers who did much mischief but at length after this Province of Hea had been miserably harrased and wasted he was slain by his Wife for his Incestuous living with his Daughter-in-law and all his Followers when his notorious Dissimulation and odious Debaucheries were discover'd driven out of the Countrey only his Nephew betook himself to a Fort which he defended a whole Year though strictly besieged but in the end surrendred on Articles but carried with him his malice which he wreaked on them in a perpetual enmity Tefethne or Teftane by Gramay call'd Bente but Tamusige by Ortelius Tefethue a strong City on the Coast of the Atlantick at the foot of Mount Atlas hath a Haven four Spanish Miles in length A little toward the West lyes another Gazole Tafalle Zebedech which Marmol supposes to be the same that Ptolomy calls Hercules-Road Then to the Southward Gazole Tafalle and Zebedech all places of small Importance which at last bring us to the Cape of Ozem Northward The Cape of Ozem Magador not far from which appears the Island Magador or Mongador about five Miles from the main Land Here is a strong Castle wherein the Kings of Morocco always keep a good Garrison for defence of his Gold and Silver Mines in the neighboring Mountains Goz or Gozen a safe Haven by some taken to be the Surige of Ptolomy Goz. Kurio descript Regus Morocco Engueleguingil Engueleguingil or according to Sanutus Ichillinghighil is a small City lying two Miles Southward of Eitdevet Those are all the remarkable Towns We will take a short view of the Mountains and so proceed ¶ THe first that lyes in our way is Aidvacal or rather Atlas Mountains of Hea. Aidvacal beginning at the Ocean and reaching along the Shore making a Boundary between Hea and Sus being about three days Journey in breadth Here are many populous Villages Demensere or Tensare begins where Aidvacal ends Demensere and reaches into the East about seven Miles to Nefise in the Province of Morocco it is very populous but hath no City nor inclosed Town but divers small ones and many Villages Mount Giubel el Hand or Gebel el Hadith that is Iron-Hill Giubel el Hand which Ortelius guesses to be the Fokre of Ptolomy begins toward the North near the Ocean and reaches Southward Tenzift running between Hea Morocco and Ducala but cometh not near Atlas This Countrey hath in it many small Rivers great Woods The Nature of the Territory of Hea. and pleasant Valleys yet the Inhabitants have little Corn which proceeds either from their sloth or unskilfulness in Husbandry as appears for that in several places are abundance of Fig-trees Peaches and Nuts Here is also great quantity of Honey which in part they sell but such is their stupidity that they throw away the Wax ¶ ASses Goats Oxen Sheep Deer Hares and Apes run here in great abundance so are the Horses but of a strange shape different from ours and so swift that they will run over the Mountains without Shooes catching hold like a Cat. ¶ THe usual Food of this Province is Barley-Meal unsifted Nature and Customs of the Inhabitants which they Bake with the Bran in an Earthen Pan and eat for Bread together with Elhasid that is Barley-Flower in Winter boyl'd in Water and Oyl put into it but in Summer boyl'd in Milk and sauced with Butter Other-while they eat boyl'd Flesh sometimes divers sorts of Meat together which they call Couscous ¶ THe most People wear only a piece of Woollen Apparel of the People of Hea. by them call'd Elchise made like a Sheet and ty'd about the Body so round about the Head with a piece of the same dy'd Black with the Bark of a Nut-tree But the Elder and such as are in any esteem for Learning wear round double Bonnets Their Matts which they sit on Furniture for their Houses are made of Hair platted thorow with Reeds so also are their Beds and cover'd with Hair-cloths from five to ten Yards long serving both for Blankets Sheets and Coverlid In Winter they put up their Hair under a Cap but let it hang down about their ears in the Summer They Plow their ground
of the Spaniards that one Muey Xek Governour of it surrendred it into the hands of the Marquess of St. Germain Generall of the King's Army ¶ A Great Morass spreads it self about it The Quality of the Place abounding both with Fish and Fowl and in the adjacent Woods are some Lyons The Countrey about Larache being Barren and Waste yields nothing but Cotton-Trees and Coal-Mines both affording sufficient Profit especially the last carrying them to Tangier and Arzille The Haven much frequented by Spanish and Italian Merchants is but a wild Road granting but small security to such as know not the safest Ridings The City prides it self in divers stately Erections of Stone encompassed with a strong Wall and defended by three large Castles It hath three Castles One of which since the Conquest of the City by the Spaniards is called by the name of S. Mary the second lying at the Mouth of the River St. Anthony and the third also dedicated to another Saint The Moors before the Spaniards possessed it maintained there a Garrison and the Spaniards at this time doe the same The Fort St. Mary hath a broad Graff and Bulwark to be entred at three Iron-Gates being maintained with sixty Brass and Iron Pieces of Ordnance In St. Anthony's Fort are planted thirty Pieces of Brass Cannon well supplied with all sorts of Ammunition The Spaniards have made up the Works about both the City and Castles esteeming it a place of very great Consequence for shelter and preservation of his Fleet having much improved the Haven Near to this lies the Mountainous People and Arabians In this very Territory appears also on the Sea-Coast the City Moximar Elgiumha according to Marmol Gemaa el Carvax a small City in a Plain thirty Miles from Fez at this day wholly Waste Kasar el Kabir or Alkazar el Quibir which signifies a large Border stands on the River Lakkus ten Miles from Arzylle containing near fifteen hundred Houses with many Mosques There were here several Cities of note all which lie buried in their own Ruines by the cruelty of the Wars ¶ THe Air of this Province is so pleasant and healthy The Condition and Constution of Azgar that the Kings of Fez in the Spring take their Progress thither not onely for their Refreshment but for their Game the Place yielding Field-Sports Hunting and Hawking From hence also Fez is furnished with Cattel and Horses The Soyl about the City Elgiumha and Kasar Elkabir yields great store of Grain Larache altogether barren abounds onely with Cotton and Fish two Miles in Circuit The City Kasar Elkabir boasts onely of curious Gardens and Orchards Planted with all variety of delicate Fruits but wants Springs so that the Citizens have no Water but what Dreyns from the Roofs of the Houses which in Barbary seems strange ¶ THe Inhabitants of this Territory commonly go neatly Clad The Customs of the Inhabitants but those of Kasar Elkabir wear onely Cotton-Garments in general they are a Mild and Quiet People rather Simple than Ingenious HABAT or EL HABAT HAbat The Borders of Habat or El Habat begins Southward at the River Guarga or Erguila and runs Northward to the Midland Sea bounded on the East with the Mountains of Gomere called Errif on the West with the Marishes of Agar being Twenty Miles long and Seventeen broad Towns on the Shore of the Atlantick Ocean are Taximus Arzylle Taximus then Arzille formerly called Zilia and by the Inhabitants Azella built by the Romans towards the West about Fourten Miles from the Mouth of the Straits and Forty Miles from Fez. This City was for some time subject to the Prince of Septa It s several Overthrows or Ceuta a Tributary to the Romans but afterwards subdued by the Goths which were driven out by the Mahometans who possessed it Two hundred and twenty years when the English took it by Storm and utterly wasted it by Fire and Sword so that Thirty years after it lay desolate but at length Repaired and Peopled by the Mahumetan Patriarch of Cordua It was vanquished by the Portugals But Alphonsus King of Portugal who for his eminent Atchievements in these Parts as a second Scipio gat the Surname of Africanus on a sudden surprised it and took Prisoners not onely all the Souldiery but also the King himself with his Sister about Seven years of Age whom he brought Captive to Portugal where they remained Seven years and then redeemed for a great sum of Money ARZYLLA of ARGILLE The CITTY of TANGER The Cape of Spartelli by the Spaniards called Cabo Esparta The Cape of Spartelli and by some taken for the Cottes of Pliny lieth between Arzille and Tangier shooting far into the Sea and the very Point guarded with a Rock On the Shore of the Great Ocean near the Straits of Gibraltar Tangier in the heighth of three and twenty Degrees and forty Minutes North Latitude stands the ancient City Tangier formerly Tingis by the Portugals Tanjar and by the Barbarians according to Strabo Tinga in the time of the Romans the Metropolis of Mauritania Tingitana It s Building and by them builded after the Conquest of Spain although the African Historiographers falsly attribute it to one Sedded Son of Had who they say was Emperour of the whole World Their Story is this That the Emperour having resolved to build a City of no less beauty then an Earthly Paradise he first encompassed it with Brazen-Walls and then covered the Roofs of the Houses with Gold and Silver which say they was not impossible for him to do in regard all the Cities in the World contributed to its building But to leave their fancies and return to the truth the History It stood while the Romans Lorded over Spain subjected to the Prince of Ceuta as we said before and continued very populous till the time of Alphonsus the Fifth King of Portugal who in the year Fourteen hundred sixty three making his third Expedition into Africa with thirty thousand Men easily became Master of the Place the Inhabitants terrified at his Power leaving it and with their chief Moveables flying to Fez. His Father King Edward in the year Fourteen hundred thirty and three had worn out his time fruitlesly in the African Wars and beleaguering of this City for he was compelled to break up the Siege and leave his Brother Ferdinand as a Pledge in the hands of Aben Sala the Emperour of Barbary till Septa should be re-delivered But the State of Portugal esteeming it dishonourable easily to surrender a place of such consequence took no notice of Ferdinand who continued there seven years in a miserable Captivity During this time they got also Tangier which with great expence and trouble having kept divers years at length finding the charge of defence to exceed the profit they absolutely assigned over their interest to our gracious Soveraign CHARLES the Second King of England Scotland France and Ireland in part
him good success the Blacks do him a kind of Homage lying down upon both Knees clapping their hands and kissing the King's Hand the Portuguese sit kneeling upon one Knee and so the Priests and Clergy by that humble posture acknowledging his Soveraignty After the eight days past the King appears in the Market and makes a Speech to the People expressing his readiness for the performing of that which was propounded to him with assurance to them that he will seek nothing more than the quiet and welfare of his Kingdoms and Subjects and the propagating of the Christian Faith The People of Congo take the Oath of Fidelity to their King like other Christians but forget it quickly Murdering him upon any sleight occasion either by Insurrections or Treason so that within these forty or fifty years they have had many Kings for if all things go not to their minds or if it Rains too much or too little or if any other accident happens the King bears the blame The Earl of Songo the most Potent in all Congo was subject to this King but considering the Woods of Findemguolla which surrounds his Countrey like a Bulwark he fortifi'd it and made it almost impregnable so casting off the Yoke he will not acknowledge the King of Congo for his Soveraign but onely as a Friend of Songo Formerly this Earl before the taking of the City Lovando St. Paulo by the Netherlanders in the Year Fifteen hundred forty and three by instigation of the Portuguese would have burnt their Ware-houses but that he was afterwards prevented and his anger aswaged This Province of Songo yields Copper There is Copper in Sougo much better than that of Congo and some Cotton but they Vend little of it In the Year sixteen hundred thirty six Wars between the King of Songo and the Earl of Souho the King of Congo Don Alvares the second of that Name for some cause given by the foremention'd Earl with a great Company of Men and the assistance of a Company of eighty Portuguese Soldiers of Lovando St. Paulo drew into the Field But the Songo's by a sudden Sallying out of the Wood The Overthrow of the King of Congo routed the King's Army and took him Prisoner so that for his release and restoration to his Kingdom he was forced to give to the Earl two Territories the one a Principality call'd Mokata a great Land of Tillage lying where the River Zair bordereth nearest to Songo Yet afterwards the Quarrel was renew'd and Forces on both sides drawn into the Field A second Overthrow and the Controversie coming to be decided by the Sword the King lost the Day and together with it many Slaves These two Victories exceedingly puffed up the Earl It was imputed to the King as a great miscarriage that this last he drew into the Field with a small Force whereas he hath innumerable People under his Command but this oversight he quickly amended and hath taken severe revenge of the Songo's for the Losses formerly received But this kept them not long quiet A new War for the old Earl being dead in the Year Sixteen hundred forty and one there arose a new and bloody War between the King and the Earl Don Daniel du Silva arising upon this ground When after the Decease of Don Michael who Rul'd about the Year Sixteen hundred and six his Son the foremention'd Don Daniel du Silva could not come to succeed because a Faction rais'd against him was too strong he fled to the Duke of Bamba in whose Court he remain'd a long time but at last by the help of his Confederates got the possession of his Inheritance and burning with revenge for his sufferings and disgrace he gave occasion of Quarrel by refusing to request of the King of Congo according to the old Custom the confirmation of his Possessions first accusing him as one that had a hand in his long Expulsion and therewithall adding that the Election of his Subjects did enough confirm him in his Government and therefore he needed no other The King of Congo enraged hereat and accounting it a great dis-reputation and diminution to his Royal Authority to be so Bearded as a manifestation of his high displeasure placed his Son the Prince Don Alphonso in the Principality of Makata formerly given as we have said to the Earl of Songo for releasing of the King Don Alvarez giving him in charge not onely to keep it but from thence to make War upon the Earl Hereupon Discontents daily growing on the King of Congo raised a great Army which he gave to Don Alphonso who therewith invaded Songo and using all the extremities of War both against his Countrey and Subjects But the Songo's a very Warlike People in the Year Sixteen hundred forty and five the nine and twentiteth of April in a Pitch'd Battel defeated and put to flight the King's Army and took the fore-mention'd Prince of Mokata together with many Grandees Prisoners and according to the Custom of the Countrey chopt off all their Heads onely he kept Alphonso Prisoner being his Cousin and would not suffer him to depart from him The King by this overthrow provoked more than ever to take revenge raised in the following Year so great a Force that he doubted not therewith to over-run the whole Earldom at once Of this Army consisting of almost all the Nobility together with three or four hundred Moulatto's the Duke of Bamba was made General and therewith drew near to the Borders of Songo but was unawares fall'n upon by an Ambuscade out of the Wood Emtinda Guola on the last of July and his Army not onely totally defeated A third Overthrow but the Duke himself necessitated to yield to the Earl some Places and Countreys The Duke of Bamba taken Prisoner before wrested from him for the release of Prince Alphonso his Son Who was no sooner come home in safety but the Congo's inclin'd to the old revenge and not being able to digest the disgrace began new Quarrels which quickly broke forth into a great flame During this War the King sent Ambassadors with Letters to Brazile to Grave Maurice Ambassadors sent both from Congo and Songo to Brazile who had the Government of that Countrey for the States of Holland together with many Slaves for a Present to the Council and two hundred more with a Gold Chain to Grave Maurice himself Not long after their arrival came thither also three Ambassadors from the Earl one of which was Shipt from thence to Holland to the States the two other required of Grave Maurice that he would give no Assistance to the King of Congo which in some manner he hearkned to and to that end wrote Letters to their Governors in Congo and Angola not to intermeddle in the Wars of these two Princes for that they were both in League with the Hollanders Afterwards the King and the Duke of Bamba the second time sent Ambassadors to Grave
all other sort of Meat it being a delicate Food pleasant and delightful of taste There are also many excellent Birds with black Feathers and black Flesh either boyl'd or raw yet accounted no unwholsom Food The Haven swarms with Fishes which the Inhabitants call Marraxos and the Portuguese Tintoreas they are very ravenous after Man's-flesh for so soon as they see a Man fall into the Water by chance or go to swim they will immediately catch and devour him The Inhabitants are a mixture of Mestiffs Mahumetans and absolute Heathens yet all subject to the Portuguese The Natives of this Island are black of Complexion The Nature of the Inhatants and low of Stature with short Curl'd Hair like Wool they smell very ranck when grown warm they are by nature barbarous cruel and revengeful but withall timorous Both Sexes go naked Apparel onely the Men have a small Clout before their Privacies and the Women cover their Bodies from their Breasts half way to their Knees with course Cotton-Clothes Their Ornaments consist in three or four Strings of white Omaments green blue and red Beads about their Necks and ten or twelve Copper or Tin Armlets about their Arms. They make holes in their Ears wherein in stead of Pendants they hang pieces of Copper or Lattin cutting and carving the rest of their Skin for an Ornament Their common Food is Fish Food and Rice boyl'd in Water with Honey Their Drink is Palm-Wine and Water and a sort of Liquor call'd Arak made of Rice Their Skiffs Boats or Canoos consists all in one Piece as we often mention'd They speak generaly a kind of broken Arabick Language There are a certain sort of handsom Mats Trade made by the Inhabitants which are sent to Goa The Portuguese drive a smart Trade here with Spanish-Wine Oyl Cotton Skiffs red Beads and such like notwithstanding they have a quick Market at Sena Makuno Sofala Quamma and other places Their Arms are Bowes Armâ— Arrows or Lances but of late they have begun to learn the use of Fire-Arms The Portuguese have many years ago built a Fort supposed the strongest they possess in those Parts consisting of four Bulwarks from whence with their mounted Artillery they can defend and make good the Haven against any ordinary attempts It hath strong and well designed Flankers fortifi'd and surrounded with three double Walls and a broad Trench made about it in the Year Sixteen hundred and thirteen Several vain Onsets have the Dutch made upon this Fort but chiefly in the Year Sixteen hundred and six when after a formal Siege of thirty two days they were compell'd to withdraw first as an effect of their malice having burn'd many Ships Canoos Houses and Churches those two especially of St. Gabriel and St. Domingo beforemention'd Some of the Inhabitants by reason of the Converse and Trade of the Arabians on this Coast are drawn to Mahumetanism others are Christians but the most part of them are Idolaters The Kingdom of QUILOA THe Kingdom of Quiloa derives the Name from an Island Situation Plgaf 2. b. 8. H. lying in eight Degrees and fifty Minutes South-Latitude at the Mouth of the River Kuavo said to spring out of the Lake Zambre and according to Peter Alvarez posited so near the Main Land as if joyn'd to it and hath a stately City by some taken for the Rapta of Ptolomy with lofty Houses after the Spanish fashion all adorn'd with stately Halls Chambers and other Apartments furnished with costly Housholdstuff and accommodated both for Pleasure and Profit with sweet and fertile Gardens There lies on the Main Land of Quiloa another City call'd Old Quiloa Sanut lib. 12. built about six hundred years since by one Haly Son of Hacem King of Cyrus in Persia but yields nothing so delightful a Prospect as that mention'd before This Kingdom before the coming of the Portuguese thither spread it self along the Sea-Coast above a hundred and fifty Dutch miles for he Reigned formerly over Sofalo Quamma Angos and Mozambike but when Francois Dulmanda in the Year One thousand five hundred and five put in for this Coast with the Portuguese Fleet the King though invited to Friendship prepared for a Warlike Defence whereupon seven hundred Portuguese went on Shore who quickly took the City and put him to flight Sanutus saith this Countrey hath such an antipathy to the nature of the Europeans that the Portuguese found themselves necessitated to forsake the same notwithstanding they had built a Fort there and made no doubt but to have been the Masters thereof But later Opinions hold the Air since that to have grown more temperate for that some good and wholsom Fruits have been found growing there Osorius praises it as being water'd with many Fountains so enriching the Soyl that it produces all sorts of Grain and Fruits with little labor especially Maiz Rice Oranges Citrons and Lemons They have great store of Oxen and sheep many Hens Pigeons Beasts Turtle-Doves and several other sorts of unknown Birds divers sorts of wild Beasts in the Woods and on the Sea-shore variety of Fish Some of the Inhabitants draw their Original from Arabia such are brown some black others white Pigafet affirms them to be all white whereas on the contrary Pedro Alvarez maintains them all black Their usual Food is Maiz Rice and other Grains Carrots Food and variety of wild Fruits a fit Diet for such poor People The Merchants and better sort of Men go Habited in Cloth of Gold Apparel Silk or Cotton with Turbants on their Heads The Women wear also stately Apparel with Gold and Silver Chains on the Arms and Legs and costly Pendants in their Ears In brief they go Clothed after the Arabian or rather Turkish Mode They commonly speak Arabick but understand other Languages Language by reason of their Trading with Outlandish Merchants The Riches of the Quiloan Merchants consists in Gold and Silver Riches Ambergreece Pearls and Musk. The Inhabitants are under a peculiar King whom Linschot makes a Vassal or Tributary to the King of Mommugi They are partly Mahumetans Religion and the rest Pagans The Kingdom of Mombaza TO the Northward of Quiloa Borders on the Sea-Coast you come to the Kingdom of Mombaza so call'd from an Island in four Degrees and five Minutes South-Latitude which Sanutus makes in its Circumference to be twelve Italian miles but Jarrik onely a League or thereabouts The City being of the same Name The City Membaza built after the Italian manner bears a considerable bulk being situate on a high Rock The extent of the whole Dominion not very big bordering on one side at the City of Orgaba seated on the Banks of the River Onchit which poures her Waters into the Nyle by the Mountain Amara where the Kingdom of Melinde begins The Turks had formerly thrown up a Fortification at the Shore of this River so that none could come into the City
and Mandihoka and here and there a Vine The Inhabitants are Portuguese but few in number being but about thirty or forty Mulato's Negro's and Slaves three thousand which work in the Sugar-Mills and plant Rice Tobacco Mille and other Fruits The Island of Anaboon or Anabon ANabon or Anaboon which signifieth New or Good Year so call'd perhaps by the Portuguese because discover'd on a New-years-day it lieth in one Degree and fifty Minutes South-Latitude or as others in one Degree and a half about five and twenty Miles from St. Thomas and five and forty from Cabo de Lopez Gonzalves on the Main Coast It takes in Circumference according to Pyrard about five or six French Miles and in length not above half a Mile The Harbor appears at the North-side but very dangerous by reason of the Shoals and Rocks This Island hath a wholsom Air many Fountains Springs and Brooks with fresh Water onely a little brackish at the New and Full-Moon by reason of the high flowing of the Sea It rises with Mountains whose aspiring tops seem to kiss the Clouds and are commonly cover'd with Snow The Hills and Dales prove fruitful in all sorts of Plants and affords the Eye a pleasant and delightful sight The Shores of the Brooks stand beset with Palm-Trees out of which the Inhabitants extract the often mention'd Palm-Wine Ignames Injames Potato's Banano's Ananassen Orange-Trees Tamarind-Trees Sugar-Canes and Cotton-Trees also Rice Maiz or Turkish Wheat several sorts of Turkish Beans black Physick-Nuts and many other Trees and Plants There are many wild Swine Stags Goats Hens Pigeons black and white Cranes and other Fowl The adjoyning Sea produces many sorts of Fishes and Oysters Mercator and some others make this Island waste and desolate contrary to the truth for 't is inhabited though but meanly there being some years ago a few Portuguese with fifty or sixty Blacks which all liv'd by tilling the Ground and Fishing The Netherlanders found in the Year Sixteen hundred and five in their Voyage to the East-Indies under the Admiral Matelief two hundred Blacks on this Island The Town stands surrounded with a Breast-work for Defence and contains about a hundred Houses built of Canes besides some few of Wood belonging to the Portuguese The Blacks go stark naked both Men and Women Clothes having onely a Cotton Cloth before their Privacies The Women carry their Children on their Backs and when they will give them Suck they throw their Breasts over their Shoulders for they have them very great The Portuguese have the Command of it who send thither a Vice-Roy Government All the Inhabitants both Blacks and others embrace the Christian Religion Religion converted by the endeavor of the Portuguese The Island of St. Thomas THe Island of St. Thomas in Portuguese St. Thomee because first of all discover'd on that Saints Day yet Thevet calls it Santas Honore and the Barqarians Ponkas it lieth in the Ethiopian Sea right under the Equinoctial Line which comes through the City and the great Church and therefore no Latitude hath been ascribed to it and not far from the Cape of Lopez Gonsalvez It bears an Oval form about thirty Miles in Circumference and in length and breadth twelve Miles The chief City call'd Pavosan or Pavaose through which run two small Rivers hath its situation on an even place on the North-side of the Bay somewhat more longer than round and about half a days walking in compass containing about fifteen hundred Houses every one ten Stories high On that side towards the Sea-coast defended with some Breast-works of Stone which the Portuguese Governor raised in the Year Sixteen hundred and seven commanding every one that passed backwards and forwards by the City to bring one Stone towards the Building The Houses are erected of white and hard Wood like Oak which grows there on the Spot before behind and also on the top cover'd with Planks made fast together There stand onely on the whole Island three Stone Houses in one of which the Governor dwelleth The City boasts of three Churches whereof the biggest is intitled Conceptio or The Church of the Conception of the Virgin Mary next the Church of Isabella whereto adjoyns an Hospital and the Church of St. Sebastian a small one standing by the Castle But several other Churches stand without the City as St. Anthonies two Musquets shot distant and somewhat nearer St. Johns then you may see the Church of Maitre de Dios or The Mother of God about a Mile from the City towards the South-east and about two Miles from it towards the East Trinitado or The holy Trinity and about three Miles towards the South-east the Church of St. Anna. The Castle of St. Sebastian Castle St. Sebastian seated on an out-lying Corner at the North-side of the City and of the Bay is a handsom Building of Stone to the heighth of twenty five Foot and both of it self and by the conveniency of the place whereon it stands seems almost impregnable The Garrison within consists of a hundred Soldiers well stor'd and provided with Ammunition and Victuals besides continual Supplies are and may be brought thither by Sea without hindrance The Ground is moistned by several Brooks and Rivers of clear and fresh Water to their great enriching On the middle of this Island rises a Woody Mountain continually cover'd with Snow whence divers Brooks and Streams draw their originals The Air is very hot and untemperate moist unwholsom inimical to the People of Europe who seldom attain there to the age of fifty years whereas the Natives a People that have but little Blood oftentimes arrive to above a hundred Some affirm that a young Man in his growth coming thither shall never grow bigger but always remain at his first Stature and that a dead Corps laid in the Ground will rot and decay in four and twenty hours The cause of this unwholsomness hath been imagin'd to proceed from the over-great Heats and damp Fogs Some have reported that this malign intemperature doth not spread over the whole but confin'd chiefly to the City and occasion'd by the low situation thereof for from the Rain-water which falls down abundantly from the Hills to the Valleys are exhal'd noysom Vapors which afterwards fall down in the Evenings and Mornings with an offensive influence whose fume or dewy stream receiv'd into the Body corrupts and irritates the Blood for the avoiding which direful hazards at those times the Portuguese there resident keep within their Houses But this Air loses some of these ill qualities in June July and August by reason of the South-east and South-west dry and cool Winds which blowing over from the Coast of Ethiopia refresh the Countrey and clear the Air to the great advantage of Strangers although the Natives receive detriment thereby These Islanders as all others under the Equinoctial have two Winters not in respect of Cold but onely of Moistures one in March and another in September at which
Jerusalem but after his decease the Knights and Templars govern'd it themselves under the Grand Master Godfrey Rat as Chief Commander About the year Twelve hundred twenty five these Knights overcame the City Damiata in Egypt under the Conduct of the Grand Master Guerin de Montaign In the Year twelve hundred and sixty under the Grand Master Haegues de Revel they took from the Saracens the Castle of Lebion whereupon the Sultan concluded to destroy and root out all the Hospitallers and to that end Besieged and took the Castle of Assur in the Year One thousand two hundred sixty five and the following year the Hospitallers and Templars were beaten by the City Ptolemais or Alkre or Acon three years afterwards they lost the Castle of Krak or Montreol In the Year Twelve hundred eighty two The Knights are drove out of the Holy-Land the Hospitallers obtain'd a great Victory under the Grand Master Nicholas de Orgui against the Turks Besieging the Castle of Margat their chiefest strength which yet was deliver'd up in the Year twelve hundred eighty five to the Sultan Melechsait from whence they went to the City Alkre but stay'd not there for by the loss of Tripoli in Syria and likewise of Sidon and Barut in the Year twelve hundred eighty nine and the before-nam'd Alkre in the Year Twelve hundred ninety one the eighteenth of May to the Sultan Melekseraf all the Christians and by consequence these Knights were utterly expell'd out of the Holy-Land after a possession of a hundred ninety one Years ten Moneths and three days since the winning thereof by Godfrey of Bouillon The Knights betook themselves from thence to the Island of Cyprus under the Grand Master Jan de Villices where the King gave him and the Templars the City and Haven of Timesso for their abode Pope Clement the First granted afterwards to this Order all the Goods and Lands which they took from the Infidels for which cause they gathered a strong Army under the Command of the Grand Master Foulques Villaret and took Rhodes from the Turks with several other adjacent Islands whereupon they remov'd from Cyprus to Rhodes and were since call'd The Knights of Rhodes About this time the Order of Knights Templars was suppress'd and their Goods conferr'd upon these Knights by the Pope A long time they defended Rhodes against the assaults of the mahumetans chiefly in the time of Habusar Sultan of Egypt who Besieg'd it five years and in the Year Fourteen hundred and eight the Grand-Seignior Mahomet or Mihammed attempted with an Army of Three hundred thousand Men but was necessitated to leave it with a great loss of Soldiers but at last the Bassa Ibrahim by the Command of Solyman the Magnificent overcame the City and the whole Island in the Year Fifteen hundred twenty two on the day of St. John Baptist having an Army of two hundred thousand men whereof the Siege devour'd above a hundred thousand whereas the Island was scarce furnish'd with six hundred Knights and five thousand Inhabitants After the loss of this Island they went away from it according to the Agreement made with the Turks and Landed first at Castro in Candia but went thence to Messina in Cicilia and from thence in the Year Fifteen hundred twenty three to Civita Vecchia thence again to Viterbo a City in Tuskani where the Pope entertain'd them a while they went from Viterbo in July in the Year Fifteen hundred twenty seven to Cornetto from thence to Franche and from Franche to Nize in Savoy out of this in the Year Fifteen hundred twenty nine they betook themselves to the City Auguste in Cicilia and from thence to Sarragoa where they remain'd by leave of the Emperor Charles the First who took a great content in them for their Valor which they manifested every where to the destroying of the Turks and Corsairs insomuch that Charles at last in the Year Fifteen hundred and thirty the four and twentieth of March out of a voluntary Donation transferr'd the Tenancy to the Knights of the Islands of Malta and Goza aforemention'd with a Proviso to give every year for an Acknowledgment a Falcon which the Grand Master should bring himself or send to the Vice-Roy of Sicily In the same Year The Knights take their abode in Malta the six and twentieth of October the Knights took possession thereof under the Grand Master Philip de Villiers and have since that been call'd The Knights of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in Malta or singly Knights of Malta The intention of instituting this Order in the beginning was to serve the Pilgrims which travell'd to Jerusalem and to assist them with all their Power to keep the Ways secure for such as travel'd to visit the Holy Sepulchres But at this day their chiefest business is against the Turk and all Infidels and to serve Christendom as a Buckler of Defence against them These Knights glory in themselves A Letter from the Grand Master Lackaris that they are an Order which hitherto hath had no other Foes than those that are Enemies to the Name of Christ being a renown'd as well as an admirable Institution without advantage or any other reward than that of Vertue their probity continually exercising it self in the prudent Education of its noble Posterity even with the hazard of their lives and wishing nothing else but to persevere in the shewing of their Valor in Fighting against the Wicked They manage great Wars against the Turks and all Infidells without joyning or confederating with any Party in the Quarrel of Christendome and are by all Christian Princes known to be impartial being indeed an Order consisting of the flower of the Nobility of all Europe establish'd in the defence of Christian Princes who by their glorious Enterprises of a renown'd and Holy War have five whole Ages approv'd themselves famous and honourable towards Christendom and at all times formidable to their Enemies They have in Services and Warlike Exploits so highly merited of the Roman Emperors Kings and other Christian Princes that they stand in a perpetual League with them and have been receiv'd into the Protection of the Roman Empire according to the purport of the Letters from the Emperor Charles the fifth given and granted at Antwerp the four and twentieth of May in the Year Fifteen hundred and forty where he saith The aforesaid Order many years since and even beyond imagination have been a continual Defence against the Turk that great Persecutor of our Faith and have most valiantly spent their Blood against him for the defence of Religion and performed many excellent Deeds whereupon our Predecessors Roman Emperors and Kings have receiv'd them into singular Protection and Favor The Popes who confirm'd the Institution of this Order held to be Temporal and Secular not onely in respect of their chiefest Employment but for that they stand exempted both in their Persons and Goods from the Power and Authority of the Clergy All
Grand Master and lastly Grand Master He erected a Castle on the Island Goze forsook the Castle of St. Angelo and went to the Borough of Malta which he valiantly defended in the year 1565. against all the Power of the Turk After the breaking up of the Siege he new fortifi'd the Island and begun the new City from his Name call'd Valette whereof he laid the first Stone the 28 of March in the year 1566 and proceeded in the building of it with permission of the Pope for the Labourers to work on Holidays He died the 21 of August being the day of his Election in the year 1561. Peter de Mont of Italy proceeded in the building of the new City wherein he setled the Residence of the Order and made his entrance into the same with all his Knights on the 18 of March 1571. and died the 17 of January in the year 1572. John Bishop of Cassiere in Provence but a Gascon born erected the great Church of St. John Baptist in Valette and gave a Revenue of a thousand Crowns with a Chappel adjoyning for the Interment of the Corps of the Grand Masters his Predecessors de novo He fell into hatred with many Knights and was summon'd to Rome In the mean time Pope Gregory the Eighth sending one Gaspar Vicomte to Malta to Govern the Order during his absence he died at Rome the 21 of December in the year 1585. aged 78 years Hugues de Loubenx Verdale of the Alberge of Provence but a Gasconer by birth was elected the 12 of January 1582. He had from his youth exercis'd himself in Letters and Arms amended or repair'd the Fortifications of the Island reform'd the Election of the Order caus'd a History to be written of their Acts by one Jaques Bosio to the Expence of the Order of more than two hundred thousand Crowns which they were indebted and therefore was accus'd by the Treasury-Chamber That he had imploy'd it ill He died at last in Malta the fourth of May in the year 1595. Martin Garcez of the Language of Arragon was Elected the eighth of May 1595. in the sixtieth year of his Age. He took off Customs and Impositions and Commanded That no Knight nor Grand Master himself should particularly for his own Advantage go and take Prizes of the Turks He died the seventh of February in the year 1601. Alof de Wignacourt a Frenchman had been formerly Grand Hospitaller of the Order and Captain of the New City He was Chosen the 10 of February in the year 1601. He furnish'd the City Valette with good Water from distant Springs and strengthned the Island with divers new Fortifications He died the fourth of September in the year 1622. Louys de Mendez of Vasconsales a Portuguese was Elected the 27 of September in the year 1622. and died the 17 of March in the following year 1623. Anthony de Paul of Provence but extracted from the House of Paul of Tholouse was Elected the 12 of March in the year 1623. and died in the year 1636. Johan Paulus Laskaris a Piedmontese of the Alberge of Provence was chosen the 12 of June 1636. at seventy years of age having been made Knight for his great Deserts the 24 of April in the year 1583. He died being 90 years old in the year 1657. After Laskaris follow'd Martinis de Rodin who died in the same year 1657. Then succeeded Annetus Clermon de Gissans who died in the year 1660. After him Raphael Cottener who deceas'd in the year 1663. and was succeeded by Nicolaus Cottener So that to conclude At Jerusalem Margat and Ptolomais have been four and twenty Grand Masters at Rhodes seventeen and at Malta nineteen In all sixty The Islands of Comin and Cominot THe small Islands of Comin and Cominot lying Westward between Malta and Gozo are both subject to the Commands of the Malteses Both at this day Inhabited but first Peopled by the diligent care of the Grand Master Wignacourt who for the better security thereof erected a Fort upon it Cluverius taketh Comin for the ancient Hefestia or Island of Vulcan being very small not above four English Miles in compass but exceeding full of Cattel To the Southward of this lieth Folfola or Forfora The Island of Goze or Gozo THis Island by the Italians call'd Goze by the Sicilians Gozo by the Inhabitants Gaudish and by the Arabians who sometimes possess'd it Gaudosh is taken for the Gaulos of Pliny and Mela and the Gaudos of Strabo but Mercator makes it to be the Isle by the Ancients dedicated to Juno It lieth about two Miles West-North-West from Malta containing about eight Miles in circumference three in length and one and a half in breadth so surrounded with Cliffs and Rocks that it is dangerous to come at it There are no great Towns but only small Villages and the Houses generally built at great Distances The chiefest are Scilendi Douere and Muggiare The Air is very healthful The Ground to admiration fertile with many easie and delighful Ascents every where water'd with innumerable Springs and producing Corn and Fruit sufficient not only to the Inhabitants but affording some to those of Malta There are a great many Sheep Hares Fowl and plenty of Honey Towards the side of Barbary riseth a natural Rock where brave Faulcons are taken whereof the Grand Master sends yearly to the King of Spain for an acknowledgment The Inhabitants in Nature resemble those of Malta and speak like them broken Arabick There are about five thousand Resiants whom the Turks invaded and miserably spoiled in the year Fifteen hundred fifty one There is a Castle seated on a Hill but small and of little consequence yet stored with a large number of Ordnance and underneath defended by a Fort newly strengthned in the year Sixteen hundred and eighteen with a Bulwark The Island is a Peculiar of the Grand Master of Malta who calls himself Prince of it and sends thither one with the Title of Governor every three Years The Inhabitants although they speak Arabick nevertheless embrace the Christian Religion The Island of Lampadouse THe Island of Lampadouse by the Italians call'd Lampedosa and by Ptolomy Lipadusa lieth about five and twenty Miles West-South-West from Malta in four and thirty Degrees North Latitude It remains desolate and without Inhabitants Ariosto in his Orlando Furioso represents this Island without Houses but Cruzius affirms That there are the Ruines seen of an old Castle Houses Walls and Towers of Cities but that none can remain there because of a Nootlot by which Word they seem to mean Apparitions of Spirits as the same Cruzius insinuates when he says The Place is every Night disturb'd and haunted with uncouth and mischievous Spectrums However this remains undoubtedly true That there is a Church call'd St. Mary of Lampadouse divided into two parts the one part dedicated to the Religious of the Christians and visited by Travellers which come to offer there Money Clothes Bread Gun-powder Bullets and many other things
others extend the Limits further Bulach by some supposed Babylon a Port belonging to Cairo on the East Bulach having formerly four thousand houses There dwell now Artificers and Tradesmen especially such as deal in Corn Oyl and Sugar The stately Churches and Palaces fronting the Nile yield a pleasant and delightful prospect although its beauty is much diminish'd and impair'd by the several Wars in which it had no mean share of Suffering Between Bulach and Grand Caire Lesbrechi lyeth a great place by the Inhabitants nam'd Lesbrechi frequently drown'd with the Nile which a little below Bulach divides into many branches whereof one runneth to Alexandria another to Damiata and others to several other places From Bulach to Grand Caire the Land is all flat and the way very pleasant being much frequented with Travellers but the most beautiful part is a place call'd Usbechia in the Suburbs near the City gate this Usbechia is a round piece of Land encompass'd about with Houses which yield a prospect infinitely pleasant not onely when the Fields are deck'd with Flowers but also when by the recess of Nile it seems like a drayn'd Pond full of various sorts of living Fishes Charaffa Charaffa otherwise Caraffar or Massar another part of the Suburbs lyes two Miles from Cairo it contained formerly two thousand Houses which extended seven Miles in circuit but long since this place where formerly the Sultans kept their Court hath lyen waste Here were many Monuments built with high and stately Arches and within adorn'd with several carv'd Images which the superstitious people worshipped as Consecrated Reliques of Saints covering the Floors with Tapestry Here also is a Custom-house whence the Wares which come from Sahid pay their Duties and there at this day Joseph's seven Granaries for Corn so suppos'd are shewed to Strangers Old Cairo stands conveniently towards the East Old Cairo but un-walled although Drusius bestows upon it a Wall of four and twenty Miles At this day as Belloon says there are scarce Houses enough to make a small Village which is inhabited by Greek Christians and Armenians Pet. de la Vall. This Old Cairo Peter de la Valla supposes to be the antient Egyptian Babylon now lying full of ruinous heaps the Houses few and standing every where at distance one from another wherein now some few Christians inhabit here were according to the same de la Valla several Churches whereof one dedicated to St. Barbara with some Reliques of her and other Saints St. Barbara's and St. Georges Churches another of St. George built upon a Hill so as it may be viewed both from the Old and New Cairo and the Countrey round about with great delight Another was heretofore probably the Church of the Coptists built upon the ruines of a small House wherein they say the Virgin Mary dwelt a long time while she was in Egypt The Reliques of this Holy House are yet to be seen under the great Altar of this Church in a deep dark place with some small Pillars whereupon the Altar rests and some remainders of pieces of Timber Besides these Suburbs lying without Grand Caire there are three other Suburbs as Beb-zuaila or Beb-zuila Gemethailon and Beb-elloch The Suburb Beb-zuaila The Suburb Beb-zuaila otherwise Missuletiffe or Miffruletich lyeth at the going out of the Gate bearing the same name containing about two thousand Houses and from West to South about a mile and a half and towards the North about a mile to the Suburb Beb-elloch Here are many Mosques and fair Halls for Guilds especially one built by Soldan Hesen as also a Castle of the Soldans at this day the Court of the Turkish Bassa's lying at the foot of the Fountain Mochattan surrounded with strong and great Walls The Palaces being many and large are pav'd with various-colour'd Marble and the Rooms rarely Painted and richly Gilt. The Windows curiously made with Painted glass of several colours and the Doors of excellent Wood carved and wrought with all sorts of Artificial work and gilded Here formerly resided the Soldans Wives Children Attendants Waiters and Life-guard And in times of Feasting they shew'd here their Magnificence at the State-Receipts and Entertainments given to Ambassadors when brought to Audience or otherwise admitted to more private Courtly invitations The great Suburb Gemethailon The Suburb Gemethailon reaching Westward to some decay'd places of Old Caire was founded before the erecting of Cairo it self by one Tailon a Subject to the Califfe or Governor of Bagdet a Commander in Egypt who left the old City and came to dwell in this Suburb where he built a Stately Palace and a Magnificent Mosque Here also dwell Tradesmen and Artificers who for the most part are Moors of Barbary The Suburb Beb-ellock which is none of the least Beb-ellock Suburb stands about a mile from Grand Caire having in it near three thousand Houses inhabited severally by Artificers of all sorts In a void and spacious part whereof is a great Palace with a Court of Justice founded by a Mammalucke nam'd Jasbach then one of the Sultans Councellors from whom it took the name Jasbachia The common people hereof after the Mahumetan Publick * The Turks Divine Service Sahala is ended give themselves up to all lasciviousness and Debaucheries and seeing of vain Sights and idle Shews for out of the City Stage-players Juglers and Morrice-Dancers present themselves shewing many Camels Asses and Dogs in a ridiculous manner Dancing to make sport Fencing Masters also and Singers who by their Gestures and Songs seem to act to the life Egypt Conquer'd by the Arabians Grand Caire lyeth very near the middle of Egypt The scituation of Grand Caire about two thousand paces to the Eastward of Nile between the ruines of Old Caire and the Circassiers-street upon a plain below the foot of the Hill Elmucattant or Moncatun where is a strong Castle giving to the City the repute of a most remarkable Fortification In this City are and reside persons of almost all Nations How inhabited coming thither to Trade and Merchandise But the principal inhabitants are Moors Turks Jews Coptists Grecians and Armenians At this day it is the prime of all the Egyptian Cities exceeding in bigness Rome Constantinople Villamont It s compass and most others by us accounted the greatest being in circuit according to Villamont two and twenty Leagues so that a Horseman in full speed can scarce ride about it in ten hours but Grand Caire Old Caire and the Suburbs are three Dutch Miles long but Villamont says Old and New Caire together with Bulach and Chatafat are thirty Leagues long and twenty broad The City is Walled round except on the side next Nile The form of it Villamont Belloon Villamont says the form of it is Oval but Belloon Triangular of which the Castle lying upon a Hill makes one Angle whence the Walls are the second and thence going to to the North shapes
wherein to Sow Barley and Rye to preserve it from their Pillage ¶ ORanges Lemmons Dates and such like Fruit grow here plentifully The Plants or Vegetables so also Olives for a mile round about the City which afford Oyl not onely for the Natives but Foreigners and their Wood they burn in stead of other Fewel Borbo produces Roses and other sweet-smelling Flowers The high Mountain Zagoan Barley and Honey Genslet yields Apples and St. Johns-Bread but Benitefren and Naifuse onely Barley and but little of that ¶ THe whole Countrey especially the Mountainous Parts Beasts are full of Lyons wild Bulls and Cows Ostriches Apes Camelions Neat allow-Deer Hares Phesants besides such abundance of Horses and Camels that they bear little or no price ¶ THe People of Tunis are Moors Turks Jews The Inhabitants and Slaves of several Nations taken by their Pyrates in the Mediterrane and brought thither Here are also a sort of Men that Laze up and down the Streets bare-headed and bare-footed with Stones in their Hands like Mad or Distracted Folks whose careless Madness hath won such a reputation upon the folly of the Vulgar that they not onely account them Saints but allow them a settled Maintenance at the Publick Charge ¶ THeir Cloathing is according to the best Fashion of their Countrey Their Cloathing each in his several Degree but all wear Turbans made and covered with Linnen or other Stuff after the Turkish manner Womens Habits especially of the better sort are very neat and richly adorn'd with Jewels when they go into the Street they cover their Faces with a great Cloth over which they cast another which they call Setfari these multifarious Coverings at a distance make them appear of a much larger Size than ordinary When they remain at home they spend the greatest part of their Time and Means in making Perfumes and other like Trifles not minding Huswifery or any other profitable Employments ¶ THeir Bread is for the most part made of Wheat Their Food though the vulgar use Barley which in stead of kneading with Hands they beat with Battoons The common Diet of Merchants Artificers and the like is but a course Food call'd Besis made of Barley-meal and Water like Pap or Pudding to which they give a Haut-goust with Oyl-Olive and Juice of Lemmons and Oranges which they buy in the Market appointed for the Sale thereof and nothing else Besides this they eat also Flesh especially that of Lambs but more than these another kind of Dish they have in the eating whereof they take great pleasure the common known Name is Lasis of which whoever eats two Ounces is so far from satisfying his Stomach therewith that it rather augments it to a kind of Caninus appetitus or unsatisfied voraciousness attended with a continual Laughing and other antick Gestures till at length they fall into the extravagancies of a lustful Passion ¶ IN this City are all manner of Handicrafts Their Employment but chiefly Linnen-Weavers whose skill in their Trade was such as made their Cloth of great repute both for strength and fineness The Mountaineers deal onely in Cattel living in Hutts which they draw together to the number of a hundred or two hundred wherewith they continually range about and change Places as their Cattel want fresh Pasture Those Hutt-Villages stand in order with ways and passages between all leading to a great Field in the midst where the Cattel feed On the out-sides they stand so close that they are like a Wall passable onely at two Entrances the one for the Cattel and the other for the Men and these in the Nights so secured with Trees Thorns and the like that they neither fear Lyons nor other wild Beasts ¶ THe King or Bashaw of Tunis receives Annually two hundred thousand Ducats Their Reverue besides the Custom upon Olives and Linnen Exported Wheat heretofore amounted to forty thousand Ducats more Others reckon that the Bashaw Letts the Lands and Customs for five hundred thousand Escues or French Crowns The whole Revenue seems to arise to more than two hundred thousand Ducats yearly Peter Dan says Peter Dan. that the Revenue of this Kingdom is but accidental and uncertain accrewing chiefly not from any standing In-come but onely from the Fishery which yields a Rent yearly of thirty thousand Ryalls of Eight and the Jews Poll-money all the rest raised out of the Prizes of the Ships taken by the Corsaires of Tunis in the Mediterrane from the Christians which yield Ten in the Hundred as also from the Tributes and Taxes which with Flying Parties they fetch from the Land of the Arabians and Moors ¶ THe Inhabitants are not Rich either in Banks or Stocks Their Riches because of the Dearness of all things especially Corn which they fetch from Urbs and Beggie ¶ THeir principal Merchandise is Their Merchandise as we said before Linnen-Cloth which is there made in great quantities and carried all over Africa so Oyl Olives Sheep Ostritches and Horses from which they raise great Gain ¶ THe Native Moorish Kings of the Countreys first stamped here Gold Sultanies or Ducats greater by a third part than our European Ducats Their Coyn. and worth four and twenty Carraks They have also a square silver Coyn call'd Nosara as also Aspers and Duble's and another call'd Borbas of Copper of the like value with those of Algier ¶ THe Government heretofore was Monarchical Their Government and long continued in the Line of Moorish Kings which were not by Election but an Hereditary Succession of the eldest Son of the deceased Kings or for want of Sons the next of Blood to the King took the Dominion But since their Expulsion by the Turks the State is wholly altered being at present Commanded by a Bashaw or Vice-Roy sent thither from Constantinople who Ruled with greater and more unlimited Authority than any other Bashaw of the Great Turk in Africa He is assisted with the Council or Divan of the Janizaries the Aga some chief Officers call'd Beniloukbassen and four Counsellors who wear upon their Heads a Hood with a Silver Horn. ¶ PEter Dan says this Bashaw is changed every three year Peter Dan. and another sent into his Place whose present Authority is much eclipsed in that he meddles with nothing but the Receipts of the Revenue that those of Tunis elect a chief Officer of their own with the Title of Dey to whose care the Government of the City is committed during his life unless which sometimes happens for miscarriages therein displaced and put to death Other inferior Officers for the better Administration of Justice are an upper Cadle that is a Marshal or rather a Sheriff who appoints under him many Substitutes who hear and determine all criminal Causes and such as relate to Life and Death but not without apparent testimony The occasions of these alterations and new settlements have proceeded from several grounds whereof we will give you
till Abu Bark Son of Hutmen the Second which was brought to an untimely end by his Nephew Yahaia as before is declared who was succeeded by Abdul Mumen as he by Zacharias who dyed in a short time Issueless so that the Tunissians chose for King Abukamen Nephew of Zacharias Abukamen King whose Tyranny caused many Rents and Divisions in his State and hazarded almost the whole yet partly by Policy partly by Force he so brought it to pass that Muly Mahomet his Son enjoy'd the Kingdom of Tunis after his death Muley Mahomet And his Son Muley Assez or Assan the last of this Stock after him till thereof by Barberossa bereav'd yet was he not so absolutely lost but that afterwards by the assistance of the Emperor Charles the Fifth again restored The manner this Muley Mahomet Father of Muley Assez had by several Wives many Sons among which this Muley Assez though the youngest was the most intirely beloved as being a most prudent and generous spirited person the eldest call'd Manon he absolutely disinherited and kept in Prison under strong Guard because of his unnatural disobedience Muley Assez declared King as having by Treachery endeavour'd to depose his Father and declared his Brother Muley Assez to be his Heir and Successor to the great satisfaction of most of his Subjects who greatly affected Muley Assez for his Endowments and shortly after Muley Mahomet died much lamented By this means Muley Assez became sole Master of this State to secure himself wherein and taking into consideration the former pretences of his imprison'd Brother Manon he caused him privately to be put to death Araxar his other Brother being inform'd thereof Araxar flyeth out of Tunis for fear of the like mischief fled to Numidia to Abdalor a mighty Xeque or Prince of Bixkara whose Daughter he there married and got a promise of Assistance for regaining the Crown to which he thought he had the best pretensions as being elder than his Brother Muley The News of Araxars withdrawing so inrag'd Muley Assez that he apprehended all that were of the Royal Blood The Rage of Muley Assez putting out all the Mens Eyes and keeping the Women in a strict and close Imprisonment This Savage Cruelty added wings to Araxar Araxar intends to besiege Tunis who by this time had taken the Field with an Army rais'd and furnisht by his Father-in-law and now marched forward with intent to besiege Tunis Muley Assez came out with a mighty Army against him but was soon defeated and necessitated in all haste to retreat to Tunis for Recruits so that Araxar fearing his own Strength not sufficient to subject the Countrey A subtle Invention of Barbaroussa to play the Knave with Araxar requested Assistance from the famous Pyrate Cheredin Barbarossa who at that time govern'd Algier in the Name of the Grand Seignior which was promis'd but yet with this Caution that it would be necessary the more happily to bring his Enterprize to pass to make a Journey to Constantinople wherein he the said Barbarossa would accompany him with assurance to procure from Sultan Soliman great Favour and Assistance Araxar deluded by these Flatteries went to Constantinople and was there very friendly receiv'd in outward appearance but Barbarossa now minding nothing less than what he had said and written underhand told Soliman that in regard Prince Araxar was young he had now a fit opportunity to annex the Crown of Tunis to his Empire Marvellous pleasing was this Advice to Soliman's ears who instantly prepar'd a Fleet which being ready to set Sail he puts Araxar under Guard telling him when Barbarossa had subdu'd Tunis and forc'd them to receive and acknowledge him for their lawful Prince he should be sent thither with an honorable Retinue and put in Possession In the interim he sent Barbaroussa without him upon his intended Design Upon the Approach of Barbarossa Muley Assez who knew himself too weak to stand a Siege against such a Force and believing Araxar to be in the Fleet added more Cruelty to his former so that hated by his Subjects he left the City and betook himself to his Uncle Dorat a man of great Power among the Arabians of Uled Aixa The Citizens thus forsaken by their Prince The Turk becometh Master of Tunis submitted to Barbarossa who forthwith proclaim'd Sultan Soliman their Prince Muley Assez on the other side to turn the Scales sent to the Emperor Charles the Fifth then in Spain and requir'd his Aid which the Emperor willingly hearkned to and the rather because it was confidently rumor'd that Barbarossa intended to harrase with a strong Fleet not onely the Coast of Italy as he had done the foregoing year but also against the next Summer would Ship over to Sicily an Army of Turks and Moors to invade the Kingdom of Naples Fired with this News and also instigated by Muley Assez he put to Sea with a strong Fleet Mann'd with Spaniards and Germans in the Year Fifteen hundred thirty seven on the Five and twentieth of June being St. James's Day with which coming under Tunis he took at the first Assault the Castle and strong Fort Goletta and not long after the City it self and with it the whole Kingdom Barbarossa foreseeing this Storm had withdrawn himself and committed the Defence of the City to Mustapha a courageous Souldier who yielded himself up into the hands of the Emperor Thus the Emperor Re-instated Muley Assez in his Kingdom Muley Asseâ— is Restored telling him that for all his Cost he would onely keep the Castle and Goletta in his own possession with a Garrison and that he Muley Assez should send yearly to him the Emperor and his Successors two Faulcons and two Numidian Race-Horses Other Articles were made between the said Princes to this effect That if Muley Assez did make a failer of this Agreement he should pay for a Forfeiture for the first Default five thousand Crowns for the second twice as much and for the third fall into Contempt and height of Displeasure That he should always hold a strict Alliance with the Emperor and be an Enemy to the Turks and a Friend to the Christians to whom he was to afford liberty of Religion That he should pay every year a thousand or twelve hundred Spanish Souldiers which the Emperor would keep in the Fort of Goletta And lastly That neither the Emperor nor his Successors should send any more Forces nor take into his hands any Places of the Kingdom of Tunis belonging to the aforementioned Muley Assez Goletta onely accepted And this Agreement was sworn to by both Princes with great Solemnity This Expedition thus happily performed the Emperor upon his return to keep up in memory so great an Action and to encourage the Valour of such as followed him therein instituted the Order of Knights of the Cross of Burgundie But Muley Assez did not long possess his Kingdom in Peace after his
Constantine thither containing but few Habitations yet ha's preserv'd her Walls firm and undefaced Hain Sammin built by the Kings of Tunis Hain Sammin about seven miles from Beggie Kasba or Kasbat a Roman Structure seated in the middle of a delightful Plain whose Walls are made of great hewen Stone yet stand whole and undefaced but void of Inhabitants by reason of the continual Invasive Rapines of the Arabs ¶ THe Soyl both about Urbs and Beggie fruitful The Conditino of the Kasba yieldeth Corn in great abundance The Arabs notwithstanding the best defence of the Inhabitants are half sharers of it without any recompence so that oftentimes a great part of the Countrey is never cultivated they rather chusing to run the risque of seeking Provision than to sweat and toyl to support the Villanies of such who study nothing more than their mischief Little more can be said of Hain Sammin and Kasba onely their fertility is accompanied with a most healthful serenity and sweetness of the Air excellent Springs of fresh Water and abundance of well-grown Cattel ¶ THe Inhabitants of Urbs have little Civility Their Manners being for the most part Labouring Hinds Those of Beggie have a great insight into Arts Sciences and Mathematick Trades living decently but they of Kasba are lazy and voluptuous chusing rather to die of Hunger than to take pains to Till their Ground SUSA Or SOUSA THis Province containeth the Cities of Sousa Hamameth or Mahometta Heraclia and Monaster Sousa Sousa or rather Susa stands about five and twenty miles on the East of Tunis formerly a great City but now inconsiderable though the chief City of this little Dominion by some taken for the Adrumetum of Ptolomy and by Marmol and others for the City Siagoll which is the more probable It was built by the Romans near the Mildland-Sea on a high Rock before the Cape of Bon or Point of Mercury that shoots out towards the Island of Sicily It may be divided into an upper and a lower City and hath Walls of hewen Stone neat Houses and many Mosques but one excelling all the rest This is the place against which Prince Philibert of Savoy in the Year Fifteen hundred and nineteen had a Design to get from the Turks but they getting some intelligence thereof prevented him with a great Slaughter of his People among which many Knights of Malta and forc'd him to a dishonorable Retreat In the Haven thereof the Pyrate Ships of Tunis generally lye as being convenient for them Hammameth Hammameth or Mahometa or rather Mahometa a Modern City built by the Turks near the Mediterranean by some taken for Ptolomy's Makadama as if raised out of its Ruines Heraclia is a small City upon a Hill Heraclia built by the Romans and destroy'd by the Arabians Monaster Monaster or Monester once a Roman Colony but since got the Name from a Cloyster of Augustine Monks built close by but now included within the Walls which are high and strong as the Houses are neat and commodious Neighbouring hereunto are the Islands Cumiliers The Islands of Kamiliers Querquene Gamelere as also Querquene and Gamelere distant two miles from the main Land Sanutus thinks that in former Ages these were all that one Island which Ptolomy call'd Cercine being so near to the main Land that they could go from the one to the other over a Bridge But Pliny contradicts this Cercine averring Cercine to be thirteen miles in length and three in breadth ¶ THe Soyl of Susa is properly fit for nothing but Barley The Soil yet they have Figs Olives Pears and Pomegranates besides abundance of excellent Grass wherein they feed great Herds of Cattel ¶ THe Inhabitants of Susa are active and industrious The Manners of the Inhabitants behaving themselves towards strangers with great humanity and inclining to Merchandising but such as love to be within the smoke of their own Chimneys are either Weavers Potters or Herdsmen Those of Hamameth are Fishermen Carriers Cole-burners Whitsters living poorly upon Barley Bread and Barley Meal mingled with Oyl and as meanly Habited But the Sussans are in a better condition driving a great Trade both into the Levant and Turky The Governor with a strong Life-guard of Janizaries keeps his Seat in this City from which alone he receives Annually twelve thousand Ducats besides the Tribute of the rest of the Cities and Countrey THE PROVINCE and CITY OF AFRICA Or MAHADIE THis City which the Europeans without distinction call Africa The Name some think was the Aphrodisium of Ptolomy but the Inhabitants Marmol says call it Mahadia or Mehedia Leo Africanus El Mahadia and bestowing on it strong Walls and Gates with a commodious Haven ¶ IT stands scituate on the Sea-Coast or rather encompassed with the Sea The Scituation except where joyned to the Continent by a Neck of Land two hundred Paces in length and that fortifi'd with a double Wall and a great and deep Trench and many Defensive Towers This Strait passed the City grows broader and receives the Sea on both sides afterwards Eastward it becometh narrower and at length runs to a Point so that the whole Place represents the shape of a Tongue And although on the Sea-Coast it 's not defended with such strong Walls as on the Land side yet is it secure enough from any Attempts to be made on it by Ships because of the many Shelves and Sands lying as Out-works before it The Gate of the City on the Land-side is exceedingly strong being fortifi'd with Turrets and Pallisado's but chiefly with several intricated and winding Arched Passages with Doors plated with Iron Plates which past they come to a narrow Vault or Cave seventy Foot long and so dark that it is terrible to Strangers seeming rather a Murdering Den than an Entrance into a City The Haven is very capacious and strongly Walled in whereinto the Entrance or Mouth is so narrow that a Galley Rowing can scarce come in but being once within there is room enough for fifty Galleys to ride with freedom and conveniency This City continued many years subject to the King of Tunis from whom wrested partly through Force and partly through Treachery by Assan Gerbin a Relation by Blood to Barbarossa who was again Outed from the possession thereof by Dorgut or Dragut a Turkish Corsaire and Bassa of Tripoli with the help of some Citizens in the Year fifteen hundred forty five ever since which time it has continued under the Jurisdiction of the Turk KAYRAOAN or KAYRAVAN THis Province contains onely the Cities of Kayravan Tobute and Astachus Kayraoan or Karure The City Kayravan or Karoen lieth seven or eight miles from the Mediterrane twenty from Tunis and eleven from Carthage Its first Builder was Hukba or Okkuba Ben Nasik an Arabian Commander sent out of Arabia Deserta by Hutman the third Mahumetan Kaliff into Barbary and Biledulgerid to pillage the Countrey during which time of his
hundred Families but in the adjacent Fields scatter'd about are at least twelve thousand ¶ THis Territory is full of Sandy Plains except in one Spot near the City in which grow many Dates Barley and Tares which the Inhabitants use for Food There are also a few Camels Horses and small Cattel ¶ THe Inhabitants are hard-favor'd very brown and much tann'd The Constitution of the Inhabitants but the Women are of clearer Complexions They drive a great Trade in Negro-Land and Guzule so that for the most part they reside out of their own Countrey They plow their Ground with a single Camel and one Horse which manner of Tillage is us'd through all Numidia They are a Rustick People and know nothing of Letters onely Women educate their Children yet as soon as they are of any Growth they turn them to Plough and so farewell all their Female Scholarship Some learn to read others Spin and Card and the rest spend their time altogether in Idleness Most of the Inhabitants are of mean Estates the Richest of them possess onely a few Cattel They are under the Contribution of the Arabians call'd Udaya or Uled Vodey which reside in the Lybian Wilderness Ifran or Ufaran THe Countrey of Ifran or Ufaran Ifran hath in the most Southerly part of it the Wide-spreading Sus four Fortifi'd Towns distant from each other half a mile near a small River which in Summer dries up This Province abounds with Dates and hath some Copper-Mines The People are Mahumetans yet Civil and commonly well Habited They Trade much with the Portuguese in the Haven Guarlguessen The Trade of the Inhabitants with the Portuguese where they Barter their In-land Wares for Cloth Woollen and Linnen which they carry to Tombut and Gualata They keep Weekly Markets in all their Towns where Corn is always very dear They have amongst them a Judge or Civil Magistrate Their Government who hears and decides all Causes inflicting no more punishment on the greatest Criminals than Drubbings on their Feet Aka THe Land of Aka hath three strong Villages Aka lying one by another on the Desart of Numidia in the Borders of Lybia they were formerly very populous but afterwards by the Civil Wars within the Countrey were left desolate yet in process of time by the Mahumetan Priests composing dome stick Broils and seeking Peace they were re-peopled again and so restored to their former Condition This Countrey yields nothing but Dates and their onely business is to gather them THE KINGDOM OF DARA THe Kingdom or Territory of Dara The Territory of Dara or Darha so call'd from the famous River Dara which runs cross through the Countrey contains part of the antient Caesarian or Imperial Mauritania or as Cluverius will have it the whole Caesarian Mauritania and is one of the most excellent and noble Parts of Numidia ¶ ITs Northern Border is Mount Atlas Borders the West the Territory Gezule and Sus the East that of Sugulmesse in Numidia and the South the Desart of Lybia where the Zanaga's inhabit The extent in length Length from Mount Atlas to Zanaga is about six and fifty miles but in its breadth very narrow It hath many strong Towns Villages and Cities Forts and Castles which stand in order pleasantly seated along the Banks of the River but most of them built of Datewood which is weak and yielding Their most eminent City is Banisbick or Mukabah Banisbick Not far from thence Quiteva defended by a Fortification The next Sizerie commanding and commanded by a Castle Tagumadert Next Tagumadert or Tigumedes famous for the Birth of the first Xeriff Tenzeda that succeeded the Kings of Morocco and Fez. Tenzeda and Tragadel the greatest of these reckons four thousand Houses and above four hundred Jewish Families Tenzulin and is well fortifi'd with a strong Castle Tenzulin also a great Town six miles from Taraglet is strengthened on the North-West side with a Fort. Tameguerut Tameguerut with a Fort and likewise Temerguit another special City on the Confines of Gezule well fortifi'd and peopled with above two thousand Families besides a Suburb of two hundred Houses Near Lybia is a good Fortress call'd Tabernast and next that Assa The Castle Tabernast both built there by the Xerifs All these standing in order now flourish on the pleasant Banks of Dara There also you may see the Ruines of Tefut which hath been the Residence of their Princes now desolate ¶ THey have not much Land for Tillage The Nature of the Soyl. yet it yields them a plentiful Harvest if the Dara which we may call their Nile overflows their Ground in April which failing they expect no Harvest and though a good and seasonable Year produceth a rich Crop of Wheat and Barley yet it serves not the Inhabitants but they are forc'd to be supply'd by bartering their Dates from Fez and other Countreys The Daran Countrey also yields store of Indigo the Banks of the River for many miles are shaded with excellent Date-Trees but as these excell they have also a meaner sort which they give their Horses and Camels and also with the Stones well pounded or ground they feed their Goats which fattens them much and suddenly and yet makes them better replenish the Milk-Pale Their Horses are few and their Camels many The Countrey breeds peculiar Ostriches ¶ THe People are of a very dusky Complexion Their Complexion and few Whites amongst them which happen by their commixing so much with Blacks so that we may well call them Demi-Negroes The Women are comely modest and well-body'd Their Women and inclining to be fat which seems to them a Beauty those of best Quality are well attended by Negro-Slaves ¶ THeir common Dish which they account very wholesome Their Food and they much use is a mixture of grinded Dates and Barley which made up and boil'd in a body like a Pudding or Dumpling is to them very savory Pure Bread they seldom or never taste but at Festivals and Weddings They also eat Camels Flesh and Horses when they grow unfit for Service and the Ostrich serves them for Pullin and Wilde-Fowl ¶ THey are Subjects to the King of Morocco Their Government to whom they pay Annual Tribute and are govern'd by several Lieutenants or Provincial Magistrates which the King according to his pleasure puts in and removes Some Places are govern'd by Commissaries THE KINGDOM OF TAFILET AND TERRITORY OF ITATA THe Realm of Tafilet Tafilet Marmâ—l lib. 7. c. 28. Diego de Tâ—rres Hister de los. Xeriffs c. 103. so call'd from its Metropolis Tafilet scituated in a Sandy Soyl near Zahara and the Daran Countrey is well fortifi'd with a strong Wall and defended by a Castle and hath above two thousand Families extracted from the Africanian Brebees call'd Filelis And from Zahara near the City a great River leads to and cuts through Mount Atlas The Territory of
many Cities Hamlets and Villages Leo p. 7. on that Plain where the King hath his Residence with his Army the chief City is Borno lying in eight and forty and a half Longitude and in seventeen Degrees and ten Minutes North Latittude ¶ THe Countrey is partly plain and partly rough and Hilly but fruitful The Condition of the Countrey the Highlands also producing Mille Corn Wheat and Tares and feed also many Beeves and Goats ¶ THose of the Plains are civilized understanding Order and Honesty The Constitution of the Inhabitants amongst whom reside Forreign Merchants both Blacks and Whites and there also the King keeps his Court and Camp but the Mountains are possessed with rough Herdsmen which go almost stark naked they are hard to be distinguished from their own Cattel going in Beasts skins with Hair in which they also sleep Their course of life seems void of all humanity for their Women and Children are not appropriated but in common none acknowledging either as his peculiar but pick where they please out of the Herd according to the manner of the antient Garamantes and like those of Mount Atlas have no proper Names to be distinguished by one from the other but every one hath his Nick-name or Denomination derived from the shape of his person whether deformed or comely for Tall they sur-name Long the Short Kort the Bunch-shoulder'd Crook-backs c. This King of Borno is said to be very rich for his Utensils both for Quirry Vessels of massie Gold Kitchen and Table are all of massie Gold These Natives are not superstitious neither Quarrel nor Dispute about Religion for having none at all Jews Christians and Mahumetans seeming to them all one stand alike in their esteem THE KINGDOM OF GAGO THe Kingdom of Gago The Kingdom of Gago thus call'd from its Metropolitan Gago hath in the East the Kingdom of Guber but is divided by a Desart The chief City Gago The chief City Gago standing by the River Zenega about a hundred miles from Tombut South-East in thirty five Longitude and eight and a half Latitude hath for the most part mean and ordinary Houses yet some of them shew well as among others the Kings Palace and Seraglio The rest of the inhabited places consist in Villages and Hamlets in which the Countreymen and People of meaner state have their abode The Countrey abounds in Corn Rice and Cattel but they have no Grapes nor other Fruits except Mellons Cucumbers and Citrons which are much used having more than an ordinary relish This City like others is not without an inconvenience being destitute of fresh Water which they are forced to fetch out of Pits forty or fifty miles from the Town yet this want is plentifully suppli'd by the abundance of Gold that is in this Kingdom which according to Meguet is fetch'd from thence by the Moroccoans The Countrey people are not Bookish taking no delight in Literature for not one in three days Journey is to be found that scarce knows one Letter of the Book yet the Citizens are much civiller and better taught than these Rusticks ¶ THe Barbary Merchants drive a successful Trade here in this City Their Trade vending all sorts of European Wares as Cloth and the like but that which goes off best and yields most profit is Salt These Morocco Merchants travelling thither go never less than two or three hundred in company and are six Moneths in their Journey of which they spend two in desolate and sandy Desarts directed in their course onely by the Sun Moon and Stars which if not well observed they are utterly lost perishing with Hunger especially Thirst Those that suffer there casually their Bodies decay not being dri'd by the parching heat of the Sand but become a kind of Mummy and sold in many places of Europe for the right ¶ THis Countrey is Governed by a King Their Government who pays Tribute to the King of Morocco since Muley Hanef in his Wars against the Negro's over-powering him with a great Army under the Command of Juder Bassa took by force the chief City Gago THE KINGDOM OF NUBIA THis Countrey Ptolomy calls Nubes or Nubiers and Strabo Nubea The Kingdom of Nubea which Stephanus places as a Neighbor to the Nyle which perhaps might cause Ptolomy to denominate the people Arabick Egyptians and Mela hath plac'd other Nubiers by the Bay of Aralites At this day all Geographers call it Nubie after the Moors who as Marmol says gave it the Name Neuba and some stile it Little Egypt It borders on the West on the Desart of Gaoga extending to the Nile The Borders which takes a long Course through this Kingdom dividing it in the middle On the East bounded partly by some people of Bagamedri call'd Belloes and partly by the Countreys of Dafila and Kanfila being Members of Barnagas a Territory in Abyssine in the South by the Desart of Gorhan and on the North by Egypt The Length is by the Inhabitants accounted two * That is 1800 English miles Moneths Journey The Length and somewhat more Pliny says the Chief City of Nubia was Tenupsus Antient chief City but the latter and more modern Writers give the Priority to Kondari Leo Africanus makes Dangala the Metropolis which he says containeth near ten thousand Houses but very meanly built and that all the rest are poor Villages and Hamlets scattered about the Nyle The Natives of this Countrey Nubian Geographers who have left us some Descriptions thereof affirm Nubia the Principal and the others pretending to any Eminency Nubie Kusa Ghalva Dankala Jalak and Sala Kusa lies under the Equinoctial six days Journey from the City Nubia Kusa Ghalva seated on the Nile below Dankala five days journey Jalak is ten days journey from Ghalva hither Shipping comes up the Nile Ghalva but they that will go from hence into Egypt must hard by unlade their Goods and carry them on Camels over Land by reason of the Cataracts of Nile ¶ THis Countrey like Egypt in many places once a year participates of the Benefits accrewing by the Overflux of that River The Nature of the Soyl. whereby it becomes exceeding fertile producing besides great store of Cattel and Sugar-Canes which the unskilfulness of the Inhabitants make little advantage of because in the boiling it becomes black and unpleasant in taste Here is found a very strong and deadly Poyson Mortal Poyson of which one Grain is enough to kill ten persons in a Quarter of an hour which they sell for fifty Ducats an Ounce and to Strangers onely whom upon delivery they oblige by Oath not to use in their Countrey Marmol says here is much fine Gold Speckled-Wood Civet and Ivory especially the last by reason of the great number of Elephants which breed in all parts of it ¶ THe Townsmen for the most part deal as Merchants Their Maintenance but the Countrey People live by Tillage
and a strong Fort Tintonas a Port-Town Rivers Mekingate Quiloa Towns Rapta a stately City old Quiloa Rivers Cuavo Mombaza Towns Mombaza and a Fort besides abundance of Villages Rivers Onchit Mountains Amara Melinde Towns Melinde a neat City with a good Haven Lambo Pate where a Castle possess'd by the Portuâ— guese and Ampaxa Rivers Quilmami Ajan Towns Ajan a Sea-Port Zoila Barbore Brava Madagaxo Barraboa Barramaâ— Ogabra Rivers Quilmanzi yielding Gold Oby Adel or Zeila Towns Ara Adel the Royal City Orgabra Migiate Sequeta Bali Mautra Doara Comezara Novecaru and Soceli Asuin Guardafuy Salir Barbara Methi Zeila Dalacha and Malacha Rivers Hoax Macli Socotora Island Towns Sicuthora Trogloditica Ercocco The Point of Phares Sette Pozzi Alkosser Haven Batrazan The Haven of the same name the Islands Mazula Dalaca and Bebâ—lmanâ—â—l Suachem and Fartaqâ—e NETHER ETHIOPIA HAving perform'd a serious Journey through Negroland Nether Ethopia we come of course in the next place to a large spreading Countrey by Geographers call'd Nether Ethiopia containing divers Kingdoms Countreys and People as amongst others those of Lovango Cakongo Goykongo Congo Angola the Region of the Caffers the Regal Commandries of Monomotaya and Monemugi and the Territory of Zanguebar with many other It begins Northward of the River Faire close by the Line and spreads it self broad to the East and South where it shoots into the Sea with the most famous Promontory in Portuguese call'd Cabo de bona Esperanca that is The Cape of good Hope This as to the extent wherein we shall more narrowly particularize as we come into the several Parts The first therefore presented to our view is The Kingdom of LOVANGO OR THE Countrey of the BRAMAS LOvango or as Pigafet and other Geographers call it Lovanga Borders of the Kingdom of Lovango and the Inhabitants at present Lovangas though formerly Bramas takes beginning below the Cape of St. Catherine and spreads South wardly to the small River Lovango Lonise in six degrees South Latitude by which divided from that of Cakongo upon the West wash'd by the Ethiopick Sea Or Spanish miles Others and touch'd in the East by the Countrey of Pombo about a hundred leagues from Lovango but Pigafet borders it on the South with the Cape of St. Catherine and spreads that Northerly to Cape Lope-Gonzalvez and near one hundred leagues up into the Countrey Samuel Bruno sets for Boundaries in the South the River Zair or Kongo and in the East the People Ambois and Anzikos This Kingdom contains many Provinces among which the four chiefest are Lovangiri Lovangiri Lovangomongo Chilongo and Piri Lovangiri hath the advantage of many small Rivers to water and refresh the Soyl and by that means very fruitful and exceeding full of People The Inhabitants use three manner of ways for their support viz. Fishing Weaving and the Wars That of Lovangomongo is a large and Hilly Countrey Lovangomongo but hath much Cattel and Palmito-Trees so that Palm-Oyl may be had cheap The Inhabitants are either Weavers or Merchants From this Province the Kings of Lovango drew their original but Time and the vicissitudes of Affairs hath almost deleated it but at last having fresh information and finding themselves more Potent in Arms they invaded them and reduced the Countrey to their subjection Chilongo exceeds all the other in bigness Chilongo being also very populous in some places Mountainous and in others Carpetted with verdant and delightful Plains and Valleys The People though naturally rude and clownish yet utter great store of Elephants-Teeth Trade The Countrey of Piri lies plain and even The Countrey of Piri full of Inhabitants well stor'd with Fruits and Woods and stock'd with great abundance of Cattel besides innumerable Poultry The Inhabitants are a quiet People averse from Wars and for their Carriage well belov'd by their King and surpassing all their Neighbors in richness of Commodities yet their chief Maintenance drawn from Pasturage and Hunting Lovango The antient division of the Countrey of Lovango according to the best intelligence that the Europeans can draw from the antientest and most experienc'd Blacks hath been divided into divers Territories as Majumba Chilongo Piri Wansi and Lovango each inhabited by several People and Rul'd by a particular Governor who with or without any respect The Manners of the old Inhabitants Warr'd upon his Neighbors In elder time the Natives were all wild and Man-eaters as yet the Jages are They us'd for Bread Bananos and for other Food that which they take in the Woods by Hunting as Elephants Buffles wild Boars Bucks and such like and likewise Fish which the In-landers catch in the Rivers and the Seacoasters out of the Sea When the aforemention'd Governors had these Mani signifies Prince as it were private Feuds Mani Lovango who boasted his Extract from Lerri in Kakongo politickly made Leagues with some who by their joynt force being subjected an occasion of Quarrel was soon pickt with the rest who all but Mani Wansa though with great hazard admitted the Yoke But much trouble he had with Mani Wansa and afterwards anew with Mani Piri Mani Chilongo by whom twice beaten but by his great Power at last made his Vassals Hereupon Mani Majumba who most depended on Mani Chilongo now seeing him enslaved would not expect the Conquerer in Arms but yielded himself to his Command after whose example all the Places lying Northerly as Docke Seere and others rather stooped under the Power of so successful and victorious a Lord than suffer by the force of his Arms followed the same course and timely submitted The City of Lovango DE STADT VAN LOUANGO Of which Piri the Inhabitants were call'd Mouvirisser or Mouviri Original of the Name of Lovangiri a compound Word of Moutsie and Piri Moutsie being a common Word signifying People so Moutsie Pir signifies People of Piri and for brevity pronounced Mouviri So likewise Lovangiri shews the contraction of Lovango and Piri which join'd together makes Lovangopiri and for quickness of speech Lovangiri Moreover the better to secure his new gotten State Mani Lovango setled his Brothers or Sisters in the greatest Cities or Towns about him viz. in Cape to have a vigilant eye over whatever might threaten danger from above and in Bocke Chilongo and Salaly to supervise and prevent any sudden Onslaught from below The chiefest Towns and Villages of Lovango are Cape Bocke Solansa Mokonda where the King's Mother lives Soku Catta the Residence of the King's Sisters Lovanga his own peculiar Cango Piri two Chilongo's Jamba Cotie Seny Gonmo Lanzy the chiefest Villages lie a days or a day and a halfs Journey from Lovango besides many small ones farther into the Countrey as Jamba Cango Cayt Bocke Piri Cotie and the Chilongo's The Metropolis and Imperial Chamber of this Kingdom The chief City of Lovango lying in four Degrees and a half South Latitude about a mile from the Sea hath
Company of fifty Soldiers that helpt him to harrase and spoil the Countrey Beyond the River Loze you pass to Lovato and Quintingo Lovato and Quintingo extending along the Sea-Coast and about thirty or forty miles into the Countrey as far as Sonho or Binda All these Dominions have in certain places their Boundaries and distinct Divisions strictly observed by the Sovasen or Lords The dividing of the Dominions which Limits for the most part are divers Mountains in the Kongoasch Tongue call'd Quibambis near which stand several Frontier Towns the usual Residences of the Sovasen by which means there seldom arise any differences among them concerning Bounds At the River Onza near the Sea-Coast stand three Villages Triangular-wise the first the South-side call'd Mongonendoin the second two miles more Inland Jagado and the third Lengo Not far distant from these appears Mussula or Mossola a Place of Trade frequented by the Hollanders The chief City bears the Name of Panga seated about five and twenty The Head City Panga or as some say six and thirty miles up into the Countrey six days Journey from Lovando St. Paulo in Angola and about the mid-way between the Dukedoms of Sonho and Pembo in the Mountains This Town takes up a great compass of Ground lying very straglingly built after the manner of Lovango and Cakongo and divided in the middle by two small Rivulets or Brooks This Dukedom hath the Command over many Villages Government and some pretence to the two Ondans lying to the Southward of Danda but it proves a bare Claim without any Possession This Lord of Bamba is very Puissant bearing the highest Command at the Congian Court being Captain General of all the Forces there yet holds the Place ad placitum Regis and is disposable by the Successor to whom he thinks fit The Inhabitants are Christians for the generality and keep among them for their Instruction and to perform sacred Offices divers Jesuits Mulatto's and Black Priests Songo The Teritory of Congo or Sonho the second Principality of Congo butts upon the River Zair and Lebunde on the South-side surrounded almost with a Wood call'd Findenguolla Some enlarge it from the River Ambois in seven Degrees and a half South Latitude to the red Mountains which border upon Lovango so that according to this last Description it conterminates in the North upon Ansiko in the South on the River Ambris and in the West upon the Sea This Territory comprehends many petty Lordships heretofore absolute but now made Tributaries to Congo The chief City Songo stands near a pretty large River A quarter of a mile distant forward comes the Village Pinde which the Duke hath lent the Portuguese for a Place to Trade in Sundo Sundo beginning about eight miles from St. Salvador the Metropolis of the whole Kingdom spreads it self beyond the Cataracts of Zair by both its Shores to Ansiko towards the North. On the East-side it runs to the place where Zair unites it self with Baranka and from thence to the Foot of the Crystal Mountains and in the South touches upon Pango The chief City also call'd Sundo the Residence of the Governor hath its Situation on the Borders of Pongo by the Water-falls of Zair The fourth Province stil'd Pango The Territory of Pango hath Sundo in the North Batta in the South Pombo the Dwelling-place of the King in the West and the Mountains of the Sun in the East The Head City seated on the Westerly Shore of the River Barbele was formerly call'd Panguelongos but at present Pango heretofore free but now acknowledging the King of Congo whose Protection they crav'd against the Incursions and Inroads of their Neighbors Batta The Territory of Batta formerly call'd Aghirimba to the North-East or rather full North of Pango about a hundred a Spanish Miles miles into the Countrey reaches Eastward above the River Barbele to the Mountains of the Sun and the Salt-Petre Hill and on the South dilates to the Burning Mountains by the Portuguese call'd Montes Quemados it 's eminentest City also Batta This Tract between Pango and Batta are fruitful and yield all sorts of Provision for the support of life All along the Way from St. Salvadore to Batta stand Huts the Dwelling-places of the Inhabitants About a hundred and fifty miles from Batta Easterly The Territory of Conde lieth the Territory of Conde or Pembo de Okango through which the strong-running and deep River Coango makes its way till meeting and intermingling with the larger Waters of Zair it loses both Name and Current This Countrey from the prevalency of an antient Custom always hath a Woman to Rule it who pays Tribute to Mani-Batta or The Prince of Batta who receives it in the Name of the King of Congo although he reap no benefit thereof To the East beyond the River Congo according to the relation of the Condians are found white People with long Hair but not altogether so white as the Europeans BANSA oste de Stadt SALVADOR Hoost-stadt van het Rijk CONGO BANSA or SASâ—â—DOR the Chief City of ye. Kingdom of CONGO The Lordship of Pembo stands as it were in the middle of the whole The Territory of Pembo encompassed by all the rest and contains the head City of the Kingdom formerly by the Blacks call'd Banza that is Head but at present by the Portuguese St. Salvadore and by Marmol Ambos Congo It stands about the middle of Congo on a very high Quarr-Mountain eight and thirty Dutch miles or as others Write fifty Italian miles from the Sea South-East from the Mouth of the River Zair and delightfully shaded with Palm Tamarinde Bakovens Kolas Lemons and Orange-Trees The top of the Mountain Otreiro yields a curious prospect of all the adjacent Places at great distance both to West and North without any interposing stop to the Eye This Town hath neither Inclosure nor Wall except a little on the South-side which the first King built and afterwards gave that part to the Portuguese to inhabit for their conveniency Here also his Royal Palace shews it self which he surrounded with Walls in such manner that between it and the Town remain'd a great Plain in the middle whereof they have erected a beautiful Church besides these Noble-mens Houses and others fill up the top of the Mountain for every Grandee settles his Dwelling as near the Court as he may be permitted and with his Retinue takes up as much Ground as an ordinary Town may be builded on The common Houses stand in good order and appear very uniform The King 's Court. most of them large well contriv'd and fenced about but generally Thatcht except a few belonging to the Portuguese The King's Palace is exceeding large surrounded with four Walls Houses whereof that towards the Portuguese part consists of Chalk and Stone but all the rest of Straw very neatly wrought the Lodgings Dining-Rooms Galleries and other
red Parakitoes Cranes Storks with red Bills and red Legs and half white and half black Feathers There are also Owls which they call Carjampemba that is Devils because their appearing presages ill luck This Region produces two sorts of Bees Bees one that Hive in the Woods in hollow Trees and the other in the Roofs of Houses The Pismires Pismires by them styl'd Ingingie are of four sorts the biggest have sharp stings with which they raise swellings upon men the other three are somewhat smaller Ensingie Eusingie is a little Beast with a Skin speckled black and grey The Entiengio a small Creature very curiously streak'd slender body'd with a fine Tail and Legs never comes upon the earth for the very touch thereof proves mortal to it therefore keeps in the Trees and hath always twenty black Hair'd Creatures call'd Embis attending that is ten before it and ten behind it This they take in Snares and when the ten first are taken the ten behind betake themselves to flight by which means the Animal bereav'd of its Life-guard at last is also taken The Skin of this little Beast bears such a value that the King onely may wear it unless perhaps by particular favour some great Lords may be admitted among which the Kings of Lovango Cakongo and Goy are taken in Some have reported In Congo are no Gold-Mines that about Saint Salvadore there are Gold-Mines but without any ground of probability because the Portuguese are greedy of Gold having convers'd so long in the Countrey would not have left them undiscover'd But they find many Copper-Mines in several places But of Copper especially in Pembo near the before-nam'd City whose Mettal shews so deep a tincture of yellow that reasonable Artists have mistaken for Gold but upon proof the errour becomes quickly rectifi'd The like Mines are found in Songo yielding better Copper than that of Pembo whereof in Lovando the Purple Armlets are commonly made which the Portuguese carry to Calabare Rio de Rey and other places In Bamba Silver-Mines and other saith Linschot there are Mines of Silver and other Mettals and in Sundo to the East-side of Crystal and Iron the last bearing the highest value because it makes Knives Swords and other Weapons Quarries of Stone they meet with frequently Stones as also Rocks of red Marble besides many precious Gemms as Jasper Porphirie Jacinth and the like The Inhabitants of Congo The kind of the Inhabitants known by the name of Macikongen are very black yet some few differ being onely a kind of Olive-Colour their Hair black curl'd their Bodies of a middle stature and well Set the whites of their Eyes of a Sea-green and their Lips not so thick as other Blacks wherein those of Congo differ from the other Blacks especially from those of Nubia and Guinee Although some of them be surly and proud Their condition yet in general they carry themselves very friendly towards strangers being of a mild conversation courteous affable and easie to be overcome with reason yet inclin'd to drink especially Spanish-Wine and Brandy Such as converse much with them discern a quickness of reason and understanding ordering their conceits and discourses so rationally that the most knowing Persons take great delight in their facetious humor In the Wars they shew little Courage for the most part going by the lose if the Portuguese give them no assistance for twenty Whites will put to flight a thousand Congoians These of Sango are a proud lazy and luxurious people but have a winning behavior and volubility of speech beyond those that dwell on the Northside of the River Zaire These of Bamba have the repute of the most Warlike and strongest of all in these parts for they are such men that can cut a Slave in two in the midst with a Sword or strike off the head of an Ox at a blow And which is more seeming incredible that one of their strongest men can with one Arm hold up a vessel of Wine which weighs three hundred and five and twenty pound weight till the Wine be drawn out at the Spigget They have all a native propensity to Stealing and what they so get They are inclin'd to stealing they drink out instantly with their best Companions in Wine one of which goes before the maker of this Feast and other Friends crying aloud Behold the King of Congo doing him that honour for the good Chear and Courtesie receiv'd from him that day In the ways from the Cities Saint Salvadore and Lovando Saint Paulo many discarded Noblemen fall'n into disfavor with the King keep in great Troops and Companies Robbing and Plundering all Travellers till restor'd again into the Princes Grace They much practice the villanous Art of Poysoning They are given to poyson one another whereby for the smallest trifle they execute a fatal revenge They are severely punish'd But those that use it had need have a care for if the Author or Contriver be detected he must die without mercy which severity they abate nothing of at present and for discovery so strict inquiry is made that it is very difficult to pass unknown by which means this inhumane Custom begins to decay Those of Sango wear Coats from the Navel to the Ankles and Mantles over the rest but the Women cover their Breasts They play at Cards for Pastime Their Play Staking little Horns or Shells reckon'd among them as current Money The Citizens of Congo maintain themselves chiefly by Merchandize Their maintainance but the Countrey people by Tilling of Land and keeping of Cattel Those about the River Zaire live by Fishing others by drawing of Tombe-Wine and some by Weaving When they travel from one place to another The Congoians do not ride on horseback but are carryed by men they ride not but are carry'd by men in Hammacks as the foregoing Plate sets forth or else sitting upon a kind of Biers made fast with a Cord to a Pole upon the shoulders of their Slaves or by hir'd people with an Umbrella overhead to prevent the scorching of the Sun wherefore those that will go speedily take with them many Slaves for their Journey that when the first grow weary he may be carry'd by the other They Marry and Betroth in Congo after the manner of the Christians but will not be circumscrib'd thereby from keeping every one as many Concubines as they can provide Clothes and Expences for When the young Maids in Congo dispose themselves for a double Estate they go into a dark house and Paint themselves red with Oyl and Takoel Wood of Majumba staying therein about a moneth and then chooseth out her eldest Free-man that hath been most diligent and serviceable to her and takes him to Husband When any Man or Woman among them dies they blame the Survivor The cause of the death of Man or Woman is laid upon the Survivor firmly believing such Persons cannot die by
sixty young men in stead of Husbands each of which may have as many Wives as they please with this proviso that if any of them be with Child themselves must kill the Infant as soon as born In the year Sixteen hundred forty eight the four and twentieth of June the third day after the New-Moon according to the relation of one Fuller a Commander in the Service of the Netherlanders who was appointed with sixty men to assist this Queen against the Portuguese and in that regard stay'd so long time with her that one of these her Gallants had a hundred and thirteen Wives without any offspring for that after the manner of their Devillish Superstition and Idolatry he cursedly made away or kill'd their Children The Queen us'd this very Custom at that time neither dare any of those selected young men own their Sex or mention hers And for the more orderly concealing thereof she clothes them in Womens Apparel according to her manner and goeth her self in Mans Habit giving out that they are Women and she a Man All these have Womens names but the Queen her self a Mans especially in the Army and will acknowledge no otherwise nay her Favorites dare not say the contrary upon the peril of their Heads and as a testimony herein of their obedience and constancy to her permits them to go freely among her women and if they fail in their obligations they seldom escape to tell further news In the year Sixteen hundred forty six she over-ran with her Army Ruin'd Oando and spoyl'd all the Villages of Oanda and made the Inhabitants Slaves But the Quisamens residing on the South-side of the River Quansa send every year Tribute to her for an acknowledgment both of their Friendship and Subjection After her death the Portuguese set another of her Family as King of Dongo Angola Sodesie is chosen King by name Angola Sodesie who always privately sent Presents to them in token of submission The King holds his residence a little above the City Massingan Dwelling placâ— of the Kings in a Stony Mountain above seven Leagues in compass inclosing within it many rich Pastures Fields and Meadows yielding a plentiful Provision for all his Retinue into which there is but one single passage and that according to their method well Fortifi'd so that he needs neither to fear any Enemies from the Queens side nor from the Jages The King here The King onely may keep Peacocks as he of Congo keeps a great many Peacocks a peculiar onely to the Royal Family and of so high esteem that if any one should adventure to come to take but one Feather from a Peacock with intention to detain it he should immediately be put to death or else be made a Slave with all his Generations This Kingdom stands divided into several Provinces The Dominions of Angola are govern'd by Senasea and every Province subdivided into inferior Lordships Commanded by a particular Sovas Every Sovas hath a certain number of Makottes or Councellors Their Command who in all addresses fall down on their Knees clapping their hands with whom he consults of all weighty Concerns These Sovasens live privately in Villages Their dwelling places inclos'd with thick Hedges and have onely some narrow ways for entrance and the Habitations cannot properly be term'd Houses but sleight Huts made of Rushes and Straw after the Countrey manner The Governors of all the Territories which the Portuguese hold in Angola by force of Arms The coâ—quer'd Sovasen must pay tribute to the Portuguese are bound to pay a Tribute of Slaves to them yearly and to do them other services under the Title of Vassals The Portuguese Governor of Lovando use to Farm this Tribute of the Sovasens to some of their own Nation who were not content with what was the setled Revenue of Slaves but oftentimes take as many more which made the Natives bear a mortal hatred to them The Sovasens moreover are bound to appoint Carriers for the Portuguese when they travel through the Countrey to bear them in Seats from one place to another For if a Portuguese be minded to travel from Lovando Saint Paulo to Massingan when he comes at Evening into a Village where he intends to Lodge he sends to the Sova to let him know he hath an occasion for so many of those Carriers who must not fail to provide them And this they do every Evening to have fresh Men for the next days Journey In the year Sixteen hundred forty one The City Lovando Sante Paulo overcome the Netherlanders under the Command of Cornelius Cornelisen Jol otherwise call'd Houtebeen took from the Portuguese the City of Lovando Saint Paulo upon this account and in this manner Grave Maurice of Nassaw For what reason it was undertaken by the Netherlanders or General of the Netherlanders in Brasil taking into consideration that the State of Brasil could not consist without many Blacks from the Coast of Africa not onely to work in the Sugar-Mills and to Plant the Cane-Fields and cleanse them of Weeds but also to Manure more Ground for the Planting of Mandihoka and all manner of Fruits and that this Work could not be done better by any than these African-Slaves And besides that there were not Slaves enough brought from the Coast of Arder Kalbarine Rio del Rey and other places thereabouts concluded on to set out a Fleet under the Conduct of the foremention'd Houtebeen and some Land-Forces under the Command of one James Hinderson to take Angola from the Portuguese The Fleet consisted of twenty Ships great and small Man'd with two thousand Souldiers nine hundred Seamen and two hundred Brasilians which set Sayl from Fernabuck the thirtieth day of May The Fleet set Sail from Fernabuck in the year Sixteen hundred forty one and after many oppositions to come about to the South the nineteenth of July in eight and twenty degrees South-Latitude the Fleet began to want fresh water The fifth of August the Fleet came to Cabo Negro in sixteen degrees They come to Cabo Negro from thence to Flies-Bay in fifteen degrees and on the one and twentieth day they overcame and took a Portuguese Carvill sailing along the Coast laden with Wines from the Maderas call'd the Jesu-Maria-Joseph the people of which serv'd them for Pilots to bring them into the Haven of St. Paulo The four and twentieth the Fleet came within sight of Land and Hinderson went the same day with his Souldiers set in order against the City ordering the Snap-hances to March in the Van. The Portuguese Governor Caesar de Meneses stood not far from thence on the Shore with nine hundred Whites and Arm'd Inhabitants and a great many of Blacks besides two Pieces of Ordnance in a Fighting Posture But so soon as the Netherlanders came near and began to fall on The enemy leaves the City the Blacks first betook themselves to flight afterwards the Portuguese and at last
split Quill at the end which being blowed yields a low sound Conney and Badger-Islands NOrthward of the Great Cape lie three Islands in the Sea viz. Conneys Badgers and Fransh Island The Conneys Island so called from the many Rabbits breeding in the Cliffs and on the Shore lieth before the Mouth of Table-Bay a League or thereabouts from the Land five Miles Southward from Badger-Isle It contains a Mile and a half in compass but more over-grown with Bushes than the Badger which receiv'd its name from the abundance of Rock-Badgers there found Neither of these have any fresh Water Spilber Voyage 1601. and although the Ground be sandy and full of Bushes yet they bear many good Herbs and Flowers and abound with Cattel The Conneys were first brought thither by the Dutch in the year One thousand six hundred and one The Sheep carried thither first by the English grow extraordinary fat and increase exceedingly so that some have been found whose Tails were five and twenty Inches thick and nineteen pound in weight with four and thirty pound of Swet about the Kidneys besides the Fat that came from their Flesh but the Meat gives no satisfaction in the eating by reason of the exceeding fatness There are many Pinguins and thousands of Meuwen and yet for all this plenty they both lie desolate and not inhabited A little Northerly lies the Fransh-Island equal in all things to the aforemention'd and as them without Inhabitants THE EMPIRE OF MONOMOTAPA THis Empire The Empire of Monomotapa by Joseph Barras call'd Benomotapa and by Sanutus Benomotaxa lies up within the Countrey before the Kingdom of Sofale near the Sea inclosed between Rio de Spirito Sancto or Magnice and the great River Quama both which by some are taken for two Branches of Zambere It spreads Southerly towards the Cape de Bona Esperanza Borders having in the North for Borders the Kingdom of Monimuge or Nimeamae and the River Quama in the East the Sea-coast of Sofala in the West and South the River Magnice and the neighboring Mountains Others Cluverius conterminates it in the East South and West with the great Ocean in the North with Congo the Abyssines and Zanguibar It s Length The bigness between the Lake Ro and the Ethiopick Sea together with the Mountains of the Moon Cluverius reckons to be four hundred Dutch Miles and the Breadth between the Head-Fountains of Nilus and the Cape of Good Hope three hundred Dutch Miles For all the little Kingdoms from the River Magnice to the Cape of Good Hope are said to acknowledge the Prince of Monomotapa for their Supreme Lord. But the whole Compass of this Countrey is accounted by many but seven hundred and thirty five French Miles The Imperial and Royal Court being the Chief City is call'd Banamatapa Chief City although by Vincent le Blank Madrogam lying six days Journey from a great House call'd Simbaoe or Zimbaoch and five Miles from Safale towards the West The Houses have almost sharp Roofs very large built of Wood or Earth Houses very finely and whited without and within The Palace of the Emperor carries a vast extent The Kings Palace having four Eminent Gates and very many large Chambers and other convenient Apartments guarded round about with Watch-Towers and within hung with Cotton Hangings of divers Colours wrought with Gold and richly Embossed as also overlaid with Tin gilt or as others say cover'd over with Plates of Gold and adorn'd with Ivory Candlesticks fastned with Silver Chains The Chairs gilt and painted with several Colours The four chiefest Gates of the Court richly Embossed and well defended by the Life-Guards of the Emperor whom they call Sequender The Emperor keeps a great Train of Servants who all attend in good order bowing of the Knee when they speak to him His Meat is serv'd up to his Table in Pourcelane round beset with Gold Branches Other Principal Cities are Zimbas a Mile and half from Sofale Tete where the Portuguese Jesuits have their Residence Sena c. Certain War-like Women like the ancient Amazons The Residence of the Amazones do possess a peculiar Territory appointed for them by the King although Sanutus appropriates to them a particular Kingdom upon the Borders of Damout and Gorage more towards the South Not far from Monomotapa is the Province of Chitambo The Kingdom of Chitambo wherein stands the City Tamburo This Kingdom hath the benefit of a temperate Air Air. and enrich'd with luxurious Valleys which though not Inhabited in all Places affords Provision of Cattel and Fruits sufficient to store both themselves and Neighbours nor is it destitute of pleasant Woods stor'd with variety of Fruit-Trees Plants and in some places abundance of Sugar-Canes that grow without Planting to the increase whereof the Rivers and Brooks that besprinkle the Countrey do not a little help The greatest Wealth of the Countrey consists in Oxen and Cowes Beasts with them more highly esteem'd than Gold or Silver They have no Horses nor other Beasts for Carriage besides Elephants which flock together by whole Herds in the Woods They shew a Beast call'd Alsinge resembling a Stag or Hart and Ostriches as big as Oxen. There grows upon Trees call'd Koskoma a Fruit of a Violet Colour and sweet in taste of which whoever eats plentifully it purges them so violently that a Bloody-Flux and at length Death follows upon it Here are found several Gold Mines in the Bowels of the Earth Gold Mines and also in some of their Rivers for which the Inhabitants dive in the Stream and take it up with the bottom from the Mud and so pick it out which Gold-diving they also practice in divers great Lakes spread far and near in this Kingdom for which cause the King of Monomotapa is not without reason call'd by the Portuguese The Golden King All the Inhabitants have short and black curl'd Hair The Constitution of the Inhabitants and as Linschot saith are of a middle Stature though Pigafet makes them a kind of Giants They are well set of a sound Body of Complexion black very apprehensive and quick of Understanding much addicted to War and apt to make Insurrections upon any trivial cause Their usual Food is salt Beef Milk and a little Verjuyce and Oyl of Sesamos Their Bread made of Rice Mille or of the Root Ignamees which they boyl in Basons The Drink of the Common People Milk but of the King and the Grandees Wine of Honey or Meath which they preserve in Ox-horns or Wine of Palm made delicious with Manna Amber and Musk. The King bestows every day in Perfumes two pound of Gold which certain Merchants furnish him with For the Torches and Lights which he uses are mix'd with sweet Odours which he causes to be born before him in the night being set in a richly Embroider'd Pavilion carry'd by four Noble-men follow'd by a great Train and cover'd over with a Canopy in
amongst the People who all cry'd Vive le Grand Valette that is Long live the Grand Valette The Charges to the Workmen amounted daily to the Sum of fifteen hundred or two thousand Crowns but to ease the Payment and to make good the Charges the Grand Master caus'd Copper Money to be made One Piece to the value of two Tarins on the one side with the Arms of the Order and the Grand Master and on the other side with the Mark or Ensign of his Dignity with these Words about the Border Non Aes sed Fides that is Not Coyn but Fidelity The Island of Pantalaree THis Island which Mercator holds to be the Cossyra of Ptolomy but others the Pacinia of the same Author lieth between Sicily and the Main Land of Africa or between Malta and Tunis two or three Miles from the City Mahometa right over against Susa a City in the Kingdom of Tunis in five and thirty Degrees North Latitude according to Hues It comprehends in Circuit about seven or eight Miles and in breadth three or four On the Sea-shore toward the North side lieth a City of the same Name with the Island Fortified with an unaccessible Castle built upon a steep and pointed Rock The most part of it appears Mountainous full of great Rocks and Cliffs yielding a glittering black Stone In the midst of the Island may be seen an Abyss or Bottomless-pit call'd Fossa The dryness of the Soil makes it uncapable to bring forth Rain But it affords variety of Pot-herbs abundance of Cotton Annise Capers Figs Melons and excellent Grapes There grow also little Trees by the Moors call'd Ver and by those of Sicily Sinko which bears a round sharp and red Fruit but becoming black in ripening of which the Inhabitants make Oyl useful not onely to burn in Lamps but to eat wherewith the Women anoint their Heads and Hair both for Ornament and to make it grow thicker There are no Horses but Oxen in great numbers with which they Till the Ground These Islanders live hardily and are dexterous in Swimming and although they use both the Arabick Habits and Language yet they have approv'd themselves to be good Christians Thus having penetrated the Center and Inmost Parts of Africa till of late altogether unknown and accurately set forth the Circumference and Coasts of its vast Dominions Describing exactly and by good Authority large Tracts of Land hitherto not so much as once heard of or in the least surveyed by the most Modern Authors Our next Voyage by Gods Conduct we intend for America hoping to receive that good Encouragement that shall enable us to lead you through that New and Golden World where you shall meet with the like or more Variety of Wonders than hitherto hath pierc'd any English Ear. FINIS Directions for placing the Maps and Sculps in AFRICA THe Map of Africa Fol. 2 Aegypt Fol. 35 Alexandria Fol. 55 Cairo Fol. 65 The Caravan Fol. 69 Balzom Boome c. Fol. 74 The Aegyptian Pyramids a whole Sheet Fol. 77 Another half Sheet of the Pyramids ibid. The inside of the great Pyramid ibid. A half Sheet of the Mummies Fol. 84 Datura Cassia Plants Fol. 101 The Map of Barbary Fol. 146 Fez and Morocco Fol. 158 The Royal Palace with part of the City Morocco Fol. 164 Salee Fol. 178 La Rache Fol. 195 Arzilla Fol. 196 Tangier Fol. 197 The Fight and Relation of it Fol. 219 Algier or Alzier ibid. Gigeri or Gigel Fol. 244 Tunis Fol. 251 Tripoli Fol. 273 Nigritarum Regio Fol. 315 Guinee Fol. 376 The Fort Tacaray Fol. 416 Castel del Mina Fol. 424 Castel del Mina as in the Portuguese time Fol. 425 Castle Cormantine Fol. 431 The City of Benyn Fol. 470 Aethiopia Inferior Fol. 489 The City of Lovango Fol. 491 Regna Congo Angola Fol. 522 Bansa or the City Salvador Fol. 524 Lovando St. Paulo Fol. 552 Cabo de Bona Esperanza Fol. 584 The Hottentots and their Clothing Fol. 590 Aethiopia Superior vel Interior Fol. 632 In the ISLANDS INsula St. Laurentii vulgo Madagascar Fol. 660 St. Hellena Fol. 727 Insula Promontorii Fol. 728 The Fort Orange and Nassau upon the Island Goree The Fort Nassau within Fol. 732 Insula Canaria Fol. 733 The Pico of Teneriff Fol. 736 Melete Insula vulg Malta Fol. 745 Disegno della Citta Valette Fol. 746 The half Sheets whereon are two Plates are to be plac'd according to the direction of the first