separate_v it_o from_o tartary_n and_o india_n the_o further_a extent_n of_o china_n take_v in_o the_o breadth_n begin_v in_o the_o south_n upon_o the_o island_n hainan_n extent_n which_o lie_v in_o 18_o degree_n northern_a latitude_n from_o thence_o it_o reach_v towards_o the_o north_n to_o 42_o degree_n insomuch_o that_o china_n in_o the_o breadth_n extend_v to_o 22_o degree_n mile_n that_o be_v 330_o dutch_a league_n it_o be_v length_n begin_v in_o the_o province_n of_o juunan_n at_o 120_o degree_n and_o end_n in_o the_o east_n at_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o town_n ningpo_n call_v by_o the_o portuguese_n nampo_n at_o 132_o degree_n mile_n so_o that_o this_o part_n consist_v of_o 450_o league_n in_o longitude_n china_n be_v not_o a_o little_a secure_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o adjacent_a kingdom_n and_o the_o natural_a and_o strong_a fort_n whereby_o this_o king_n realm_n stand_v so_o entire_o protect_v against_o all_o violence_n from_o without_o that_o the_o like_a be_v hardly_o to_o be_v see_v elsewhere_o neither_o be_v there_o any_o avenue_n find_v lead_v to_o this_o monarchy_n insomuch_o that_o it_o be_v so_o well_o provide_v and_o guard_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o world_n within_o itself_o and_o separate_v from_o all_o the_o rest_n as_o well_o towards_o the_o south_n as_o east_n and_o where_o the_o sea_n border_n it_o have_v so_o many_o island_n bank_n flat_n and_o blind_a rock_n that_o it_o be_v altogether_o unsafe_a to_o approach_v china_n on_o the_o side_n with_o any_o great_a ship_n of_o man_n of_o war._n on_o the_o west_n and_o somewhat_o towards_o the_o south_n lie_v the_o wood_n and_o hill_n of_o tamessus_fw-la which_o be_v so_o thick_a and_o high_a that_o it_o be_v altogether_o unpenetrable_a on_o that_o side_n and_o which_o separate_a china_n from_o the_o next_o border_v asia_n and_o the_o lesser_a neighbour_a kingdom_n all_o which_o add_v to_o the_o defence_n and_o protection_n of_o this_o empire_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o west_n it_o be_v also_o sufficient_o secure_v against_o all_o invasion_n by_o the_o sandy_a and_o dry_a flat_n of_o samo_n which_o endanger_v all_o vessel_n that_o attempt_v any_o land_n in_o those_o part_n last_o this_o kingdom_n have_v towards_o the_o north_n a_o great_a wall_n which_o the_o family_n and_o branch_n of_o cina_n build_v against_o the_o invasion_n of_o the_o tartar_n 215_o year_n before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ_n but_o in_o what_o condition_n this_o wall_n be_v at_o present_a and_o how_o far_o it_o extend_v we_o shall_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n in_o respect_v the_o sovereignty_n over_o the_o fifteen_o kingdom_n of_o this_o china_n belong_v at_o present_a to_o a_o monarch_n the_o great_a cham_n of_o tartary_n i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o all_o the_o great_a and_o little_a city_n situate_v in_o all_o these_o dominion_n first_o of_o all_o they_o sum_v up_o in_o this_o whole_a empire_n 145_o 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from_o the_o other_o for_o some_o of_o the_o small_a one_o exceed_v some_o other_o of_o the_o great_a and_o prime_a city_n both_o in_o largeness_n wealth_n and_o people_n but_o according_a to_o the_o worth_n and_o dignity_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o the_o privilege_n of_o the_o place_n she_o bear_v the_o precedency_n and_o be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a city_n no_o place_n must_v presume_v to_o take_v up_o the_o name_n of_o a_o city_n but_o what_o be_v wall_v in_o for_o every_o inferior_a town_n or_o situation_n subject_n to_o the_o next_o adjacent_a capital_a city_n most_o of_o the_o city_n in_o china_n be_v build_v after_o one_o fashion_n and_o form_n common_o foursquare_a with_o broad_a and_o high_a wall_n adorn_v with_o quadruple_a tower_n place_v at_o a_o equal_a distance_n round_o about_o which_o run_v a_o deep_a moat_n and_o that_o also_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o mud_n or_o earthen_a wall_n each_o city_n have_v a_o double_a gate_n and_o two_o double_a door_n whereof_o the_o first_o stand_v direct_o over_o against_o the_o second_o that_o there_o be_v no_o see_v through_o the_o last_o though_o you_o stand_v in_o the_o first_o betwixt_o these_o two_o gate_n open_v most_o common_o a_o large_a court_n where_o they_o discipline_n their_o militia_n upon_o the_o gate_n be_v likewise_o build_v great_a watch-tower_n where_o the_o soldier_n keep_v night-sentinel_n most_o of_o the_o city_n have_v great_a suburb_n belong_v to_o they_o which_o be_v as_o full_a of_o people_n as_o within_o the_o wall_n without_o the_o battlement_n each_o metropolis_n have_v a_o delightful_a plain_n curious_o adorn_v with_o tower_n tree_n and_o other_o embellishment_n most_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o country_n every_o where_o swarm_n with_o people_n so_o that_o wheresoever_o you_o travel_v you_o shall_v meet_v continual_o with_o crowd_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n as_o now_o these_o 15_o kingdom_n seem_v not_o only_o to_o exceed_v all_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n for_o the_o number_n of_o most_o rare_a edifice_n and_o rich_a city_n so_o they_o be_v likewise_o no_o less_o abound_v in_o people_n for_o the_o most_o populous_a country_n of_o all_o europe_n stand_v not_o in_o competition_n with_o this_o those_o that_o will_v take_v the_o pain_n to_o look_v into_o the_o chinese_n pole_n or_o register-book_n wherein_o be_v exact_o set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o each_o province_n except_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n will_v find_v that_o it_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o 58_o million_o 9_o hundred_o and_o 40_o thousand_o 2_o hundred_o and_o 84_o person_n neither_o need_v you_o wonder_v which_o way_n this_o can_v be_v make_v out_o for_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n be_v oblige_v upon_o a_o great_a penalty_n to_o hang_v out_o a_o little_a board_n over_o his_o door_n upon_o which_o he_o must_v set_v down_o the_o number_n of_o his_o household_n and_o their_o condition_n etc._n etc._n and_o to_o prevent_v all_o fraud_n one_o be_v appoint_v over_o every_o ten_o house_n who_o they_o call_v titang_n which_o signify_v the_o tenth-man_n or_o tyther_o his_o office_n consist_v in_o take_v a_o account_n of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o person_n upon_o the_o board_n and_o if_o the_o master_n of_o the_o family_n fail_v to_o make_v that_o know_v true_o he_o be_v to_o acquaint_v the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n with_o the_o abuse_n have_v speak_v thus_o much_o of_o the_o situation_n division_n and_o extent_n of_o china_n i_o shall_v add_v in_o short_a what_o these_o fifteen_o province_n pay_v annual_o in_o tax_n one_o with_o another_o as_o also_o how_o many_o capital_a great_a little_a and_o garrison_n city_n be_v in_o each_o of_o the_o ten_o and_o last_o what_o each_o province_n division_n or_o shire_n disburse_v yearly_o in_o tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n no_o man_n possess_v a_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o all_o this_o empire_n without_o pay_v to_o the_o emperor_n something_o out_o of_o it_o so_o that_o we_o need_v not_o wonder_n that_o over_o and_o above_o the_o common_a expense_n which_o be_v make_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o petty_a king_n vice-roys_n and_o military_a officer_n there_o be_v more_o than_o threescore_o million_o of_o crown_n bring_v yearly_a into_o the_o emperor_n coffer_n the_o whole_a sum_n amount_v to_o 150_o million_o of_o crown_n whereof_o he_o can_v dispose_v as_o he_o please_v but_o the_o money_n be_v bring_v into_o the_o treasury_n and_o if_o the_o king_n at_o any_o time_n desire_v a_o supply_n in_o write_v to_o the_o treasurer_n he_o be_v not_o to_o deny_v the_o payment_n of_o it_o the_o province_n bring_v in_o yearly_a in_o tax_n 32_o million_o 2_o hundred_o 7_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 47_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o one_o bag_n be_v enough_o to_o serve_v 100_o man_n for_o one_o day_n 40_o hundred_o 9_o thousand_o
river_n kiang_n call_v sanglo_n not_o far_o from_o tonglieu_n near_o the_o river_n side_n rises_z a_o mountain_n call_v kieuhoa_n or_o the_o nine-headed_n mountain_n much_o like_o the_o sun-flower_n when_o hang_v down_o the_o head_n two_o mile_n from_o this_o tonglieu_n we_o see_v in_o our_o passage_n the_o ten_o chief_a city_n gank_v the_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o this_o country_n which_o abound_v in_o wealth_n and_o trade_n because_o no_o good_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o other_o part_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nank_v but_o they_o must_v first_o pass_v by_o this_o the_o country_n though_o hilly_a yet_o abound_v with_o most_o sort_n of_o provision_n and_o be_v plentiful_o supply_v with_o what_o they_o want_v from_o the_o adjacent_a market_n by_o the_o river_n kiang_n towards_o the_o evening_n we_o come_v to_o tungling_n the_o three_o small_a city_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o metropolis_n chicheu_o which_o be_v situate_v most_o delightful_o be_v surround_v with_o variety_n of_o wood_n hill_n and_o dale_n this_o city_n though_o but_o little_a be_v well_o build_v and_o encompass_v with_o wall_n have_v in_o the_o front_n a_o land-locked_a harbour_n for_o vessel_n to_o shelter_v in_o stormy_a wether_n which_o very_o much_o enrich_v the_o place_n the_o corner_n of_o this_o port_n be_v guard_v with_o a_o strong_a castle_n which_o not_o only_o defend_v the_o city_n against_o any_o hostile_a invasion_n but_o also_o serve_v to_o protect_v the_o harbour_n and_o vessel_n that_o ride_v there_o whilst_o we_o be_v take_v a_o view_n of_o this_o place_n the_o inhabitant_n tell_v we_o that_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o on_o a_o hill_n be_v a_o very_a rare_a echo_n out_o of_o curiosity_n to_o hear_v this_o novelty_n we_o clamber_v up_o the_o hill_n and_o there_o sound_v our_o trumpet_n where_o we_o hear_v their_o note_n return_v most_o distinct_o to_o our_o great_a admiration_n near_o to_o this_o city_n rise_v the_o mountain_n hang_v so_o name_v from_o the_o apricock_n which_o grow_v thereupon_o in_o great_a abundance_n have_v satisfy_v our_o eye_n with_o the_o view_n of_o this_o place_n we_o set_v sail_v the_o next_o day_n and_o come_v on_o the_o three_o of_o may_n to_o a_o castle_n call_v upun_n near_o the_o river_n kiang_n not_o far_o from_o the_o follow_a city_n of_o ufu_n be_v build_v foursquare_a and_o begird_v with_o a_o large_a stone_n wall_n amid_o this_o fortress_n be_v a_o strong_a well-built_a temple_n with_o a_o high_a roof_n who_o inside_n be_v curious_o adorn_v with_o picture_n the_o same_o day_n we_o arrive_v at_o ufu_n the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o eleven_o metropolis_n call_v taip_v lie_v with_o our_o vessel_n close_o under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n this_o town_n be_v situate_a in_o a_o island_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n the_o suburb_n of_o it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o full_a of_o commerce_n upon_o each_o angle_n of_o this_o island_n be_v strong_a blockhouse_n but_o be_v neither_o man_v nor_o have_v any_o gun_n mount_v on_o they_o this_o city_n be_v cry_v up_o through_o all_o china_n for_o arm_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v most_o dexterous_a and_o exquisite_a in_o make_v all_o manner_n of_o military_a utensil_n they_o be_v likewise_o very_o skilful_a in_o make_v lamp_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o the_o four_o we_o pass_v by_o the_o three_o chief_a city_n call_v teytong_v which_o some_o also_o call_v taip_v lie_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n in_o a_o island_n there_o make_v by_o the_o same_o stream_n the_o country_n about_o this_o island_n be_v in_o some_o place_n very_o rocky_a and_o full_a of_o hill_n in_o other_o again_o as_o smooth_a but_o in_o both_o exceed_a fruitful_a on_o the_o southside_n of_o this_o city_n we_o see_v at_o a_o distance_n a_o high_a mountain_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v tienmuen_v which_o signify_v heaven_n gate_n because_o the_o river_n kiang_n run_v through_o here_o between_o two_o small_a hill_n of_o this_o mountain_n as_o through_o a_o gate_n sail_v forward_o we_o observe_v lie_v in_o the_o river_n over_o against_o this_o city_n another_o island_n call_v hiao_n all_o of_o one_o entire_a stone_n in_o this_o rock_n be_v several_a holes_n and_o concavity_n wherein_o breed_v abundance_n of_o night-bird_n the_o isle_n from_o thence_o denominate_v hiao_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o towards_o the_o southeast_n be_v a_o large_a lake_n or_o pool_n call_v tanyang_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o river_n kiang_n divide_v itself_o and_o water_n the_o whole_a country_n of_o this_o chief_a city_n which_o very_o much_o enrich_v the_o ground_n round_o about_o make_v they_o satisfy_v the_o greedy_a husbandman_n we_o understand_v by_o the_o chineses_n that_o this_o have_v be_v a_o stately_a city_n well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o trade_n but_o the_o tartar_n total_o ruin_v it_o in_o the_o last_o war_n three_o gallant_a tower_n we_o see_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n as_o we_o sail_v along_o by_o which_o we_o may_v understand_v in_o what_o a_o famous_a condition_n this_o country_n have_v former_o be_v upon_o the_o same_o day_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o that_o renown_a and_o royal_a city_n of_o nank_v which_o be_v just_o call_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v we_o come_v to_o anchor_v in_o the_o harbour_n and_o lay_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o the_o gate_n susimon_n which_o signify_v the_o water-gate_n the_o ambassador_n go_v the_o next_o day_n to_o visit_v the_o three_o governor_n of_o this_o city_n be_v carry_v in_o palakins_o or_o sedan_n and_o their_o follower_n wait_v upon_o they_o on_o horseback_n they_o be_v conduct_v thither_o in_o great_a state_n by_o the_o agent_n of_o the_o young_a viceroy_n of_o canton_n who_o reside_v in_o this_o city_n and_o by_o two_o mandorin_n who_o come_v from_o canton_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o pinxenton_n who_o lie_v still_o behind_o the_o chief_a governor_n show_v the_o ambassador_n his_o withdrawing-room_n and_o make_v they_o after_o accustomary_a compliment_n to_o sit_v down_o next_o to_o he_o he_o be_v a_o chinese_n bear_v in_o the_o city_n of_o leoatung_n but_o of_o a_o very_a civil_a behaviour_n the_o ambassador_n show_v he_o a_o letter_n of_o the_o present_n which_o be_v design_v for_o he_o but_o he_o will_v not_o receive_v they_o they_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v the_o emperor_n after_o they_o have_v discourse_v a_o while_n with_o this_o first_o governor_n they_o take_v leave_v and_o go_v to_o the_o second_o also_o a_o chinese_n and_o bear_v at_o leaotung_n who_o show_v himself_o no_o less_o courteous_a than_o the_o former_a he_o cause_v the_o ambassador_n to_o sit_v down_o with_o almost_o the_o same_o compliment_n and_o receive_v the_o letter_n with_o great_a civility_n from_o they_o which_o nominate_v his_o allot_v present_n but_o he_o be_v illiterate_a himself_o give_v it_o to_o one_o of_o his_o commander_n to_o read_v and_o on_o the_o former_a account_n refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o they_o from_o hence_o they_o go_v to_o the_o three_o who_o dwell_v in_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o old_a imperial_a palace_n he_o send_v for_o the_o ambassador_n who_o come_v to_o he_o in_o his_o chamber_n where_o his_o wife_n be_v with_o he_o the_o apartment_n be_v foursquare_a with_o bench_n round_o about_o cover_v with_o silk_n and_o a_o stove_n to_o warm_v the_o room_n in_o winter_n in_o which_o they_o burn_v reed_n wood_n be_v there_o very_o scarce_o this_o governor_n be_v by_o birth_n a_o tartar_n a_o young_a well-set_a man_n but_o understand_v not_o the_o chinese_n language_n therefore_o his_o son_n be_v interpreter_n his_o wife_n a_o proper_a and_o comely_a dame_n speak_v more_o than_o her_o husband_n and_o seem_v very_o inquisitive_a about_o holland_n she_o be_v not_o dismay_v at_o our_o strange_a arm_n but_o like_o a_o bold_a virago_n draw_v on_o it_o our_o sword_n and_o discharge_v our_o pistol_n which_o much_o delight_v she_o the_o room_n be_v present_o fill_v with_o tartar_a gentlewoman_n who_o belong_v to_o and_o wait_v upon_o this_o lady_n and_o bring_v a_o great_a silver_n kettle_n full_a of_o thea_fw-mi mingle_v with_o milk_n and_o salt_n place_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o chamber_n and_o serve_v it_o about_o with_o wooden_a ladle_n to_o all_o the_o company_n the_o thea_fw-mi thus_o mingle_v they_o drink_v in_o wood_n but_o the_o clear_a thea_fw-mi make_v only_o with_o water_n they_o drink_v in_o little_a china_n cup_n and_o other_o drink_n as_o chinese_n beer_n and_o zamsou_n make_v of_o rice_n in_o silver_n the_o ambassador_n after_o they_o have_v be_v thus_o civil_o receive_v and_o treat_v take_v leave_v and_o go_v with_o the_o canton_n agent_n to_o visit_v a_o tartar_n gentleman_n who_o be_v new_o arrive_v from_o peking_n he_o be_v a_o young_a lusty_a man_n and_o have_v his_o lodging_n in_o a_o old_a ruinous_a court_n which_o also_o
channel_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o wideness_n and_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o undertake_n and_o be_v make_v at_o the_o emperor_n charge_n be_v call_v the_o king_n water_n we_o then_o pass_v by_o this_o sluice_n and_o so_o come_v into_o the_o first_o royal_a channel_n and_o from_o thence_o we_o get_v into_o the_o yellow_a river_n well_o may_v this_o channel_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o the_o royal_a water_n since_o there_o be_v nothing_o more_o pleasant_a to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o the_o world_n both_o side_n of_o the_o aquaduct_n have_v not_o only_o smooth_a large_a bank_n but_o plant_v also_o with_o stately_a and_o shady_a tree_n on_o the_o west_n and_o east_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n for_o it_o reach_v from_o south_n to_o north_n we_o see_v rich_a pasture_n and_o delightful_a wood_n the_o like_v not_o to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o asia_n intermingle_v with_o abundance_n of_o wealthy_a town_n village_n pleasant_a seat_n and_o opulent_a and_o stately_a dwelling_n insomuch_o that_o nothing_o can_v be_v more_o delightful_a as_o if_o art_n and_o nature_n have_v strive_v to_o please_v the_o passenger_n upon_o his_o way_n through_o this_o famous_a channel_n on_o one_o side_n thereof_o stand_v a_o famous_a and_o renown_a image_n of_o the_o idol_n kinkang_v who_o be_v high_o adore_v by_o the_o chinese_n upon_o the_o 24._o we_o come_v to_o the_o brave_a city_n of_o jamcefu_n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o yaucqeu_n and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o seven_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o famous_a province_n of_o nank_v this_o city_n lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o jejenjeen_n be_v build_v foursquare_a and_o surround_v with_o wall_n and_o strong_a bulwark_n it_o be_v very_o large_a be_v at_o least_o five_o mile_n about_o exceed_v most_o city_n in_o china_n for_o wealth_n and_o trade_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o city_n deal_v in_o several_a commodity_n but_o that_o wherein_o their_o chief_a trade_n consist_v be_v salt_n transport_v from_o thence_o into_o most_o province_n of_o china_n this_o salt_n be_v make_v of_o sea-water_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o we_o in_o europe_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o city_n we_o see_v stand_v a_o great_a many_o salt-pans_n wherein_o they_o boil_v sea-liquor_n day_n and_o night_n this_o trade_n alone_o have_v so_o very_a much_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o town_n that_o they_o have_v rebuilt_a their_o city_n since_o the_o last_o destruction_n by_o the_o tartar_n erect_v it_o in_o as_o great_a splendour_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o no_o soon_o be_v we_o land_a in_o this_o city_n but_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n go_v in_o great_a state_n to_o salute_v and_o compliment_v the_o commissioner_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n and_o present_v he_o with_o four_o piece_n of_o red_a clothes_n in_o behalf_n of_o the_o ambassador_n the_o emperor_n have_v here_o a_o toll-house_n where_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v for_o all_o such_o ware_n as_o pass_v the_o city_n be_v well_o build_v and_o have_v several_a channel_n run_v through_o it_o over_o which_o be_v many_o stone_n bridges_n on_o the_o westside_n be_v very_o large_a suburb_n which_o be_v former_o full_a of_o goodly_a structure_n but_o be_v most_o of_o they_o destroy_v in_o the_o last_o tartar_n war_n yet_o have_v begin_v since_o to_o be_v re-edified_a there_o be_v also_o several_a temple_n curious_o build_v and_o most_o rich_o adorn_v near_o this_o city_n be_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n call_v heng._n next_o day_n be_v the_o 25._o we_o depart_v from_o this_o place_n and_o upon_o the_o verge_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n we_o see_v twelve_o stone_n oven_n and_o not_o far_o from_o thence_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o channel_n lie_v the_o famous_a burial-city_n of_o the_o great_a sultan_n much_o adore_v and_o worship_v by_o the_o chinese_n about_o noon_n we_o come_v to_o a_o village_n call_v saupoo_n where_o at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o chineses_n be_v celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o the_o new_a year_n on_o the_o new-year_n day_n be_v then_o also_o fullmoon_n great_a acclamation_n and_o expression_n of_o joy_n signify_v by_o their_o light_n of_o so_o many_o candle_n and_o bonfire_n as_o if_o the_o whole_a city_n have_v be_v in_o one_o great_a flame_n they_o run_v likewise_o up_o and_o down_o the_o street_n in_o their_o nocturnal_o like_v so_o many_o distract_a bacchanal_n with_o taper_n in_o their_o hand_n twist_v together_o in_o the_o form_n of_o dragon_n we_o be_v force_v to_o stay_v here_o a_o while_n till_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n and_o his_o lady_n also_o assist_v at_o the_o solemnity_n of_o this_o feast_n we_o find_v lie_v about_o this_o village_n in_o this_o royal_a channel_n a_o great_a number_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o strange_a build_v vessel_n but_o the_o most_o to_o be_v admire_v at_o be_v two_o bark_n or_o sloop_n which_o by_o the_o chinese_n be_v call_v longschon_n which_o signify_v a_o serpent-boat_n these_o two_o vessel_n be_v build_v after_o a_o particular_a fashion_n very_o curious_o paint_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o colour_n that_o they_o seem_v much_o to_o exceed_v those_o boat_n which_o carry_v the_o fish_n from_o nank_v to_o peking_n for_o the_o emperor_n use_n the_o mould_n or_o cast_v of_o this_o fair_a bottom_n be_v much_o like_o the_o form_n of_o our_o water-snake_n the_o stern_a hang_v full_a of_o strange_a serpent_n fasten_v with_o ribbon_n of_o several_a colour_n which_o make_v a_o gallant_a show_n at_o the_o stern_a of_o one_o of_o these_o vessel_n hang_v likewise_o two_o nimble_a boy_n who_o play_v trick_n and_o gambol_n to_o delight_v the_o spectator_n both_o above_o and_o by_o dive_v under_o water_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o each_o mast_n which_o be_v three_o in_o all_o stand_v a_o idol_n very_o curious_o adorn_v with_o silk_n flag_n and_o pennon_n in_o like_a manner_n stand_v on_o the_o poop_n a_o image_n dress_v with_o duck_n and_o drake_n the_o stern_a be_v also_o fill_v with_o standard_n set_v out_o with_o tassel_n of_o hair_n silk_n flag_n and_o long_a feather_n the_o boat_n cover_v round_o with_o silk_n under_o a_o upper_a high-raised_a desk_n full_a of_o flag_n and_o standard_n sit_v twelve_o lusty_a seaman_n with_o gild_a crown_n upon_o their_o head_n clothe_v in_o silk_n their_o arm_n naked_a these_o be_v so_o dexterous_a at_o row_v that_o the_o boat_n go_v at_o a_o extraordinary_a rate_n they_o come_v aboard_o of_o the_o ambassador_n and_o seem_v to_o be_v overjoy_v at_o their_o arrival_n the_o ambassador_n requite_v their_o kindness_n with_o a_o return_n of_o some_o present_n which_o they_o willing_o accept_v wish_v they_o good_a success_n in_o their_o voyage_n and_o a_o safe_a return_n into_o their_o own_o country_n near_o the_o duck_n stand_v a_o chinese_n with_o a_o fork_n in_o his_o hand_n and_o long_a feather_n in_o his_o cap_n who_o continual_o torture_v these_o poor_a creature_n put_v they_o in_o perpetual_a disquiet_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 26._o of_o may_n we_o come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o cajutsia_n which_o be_v also_o call_v by_o some_o caoyeu_n and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o four_o small_a city_n of_o the_o capital_a yancheu_fw-la this_o city_n we_o find_v lie_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o this_o royal_a water_n near_o a_o great_a pool_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v piexe_n out_o of_o which_o run_v plenty_n of_o water_n into_o this_o famous_a channel_n former_o all_o such_o vessel_n as_o come_v from_o nank_v bind_v for_o peking_n and_o the_o northern_a province_n be_v glad_a to_o pass_v over_o this_o pool_n to_o the_o great_a hindrance_n of_o commerce_n and_o navigation_n for_o oftentimes_o in_o a_o foul_a season_n they_o lay_v weather-bound_a before_o this_o city_n of_o caoyeu_n there_o be_v no_o venture_n over_o the_o pool_n till_o the_o wind_n be_v more_o silent_a and_o the_o swell_a billow_n more_o calm_a so_o that_o for_o the_o benefit_n of_o commerce_n and_o safety_n of_o their_o voyage_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o pool_n this_o navigable_a channel_n be_v make_v sixty_o fathom_n long_o wall_v in_o with_o white_a stone_n a_o work_n so_o noble_a and_o excellent_a that_o it_o be_v much_o to_o be_v admire_v especial_o consider_v the_o great_a quantity_n of_o white_a stone_n there_o use_v there_o be_v no_o such_o quarry_n in_o the_o adjacent_a part_n this_o caoyeu_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o have_v stately_a suburb_n build_v very_o close_o and_o full_a of_o great_a house_n the_o country_n round_o about_o produce_v great_a store_n of_o rice_n and_o be_v so_o full_a of_o building_n as_o if_o it_o be_v all_o but_o one_o continue_a village_n towards_o the_o west_n the_o country_n lie_v much_o under_o water_n but_o upon_o the_o side_n and_o banks_n grow_v store_n of_o reed_n which_o bring_v in_o a_o good_a revenue_n yearly_a to_o the_o public_a and_o be_v the_o only_o fire_v they_o have_v
carry_v thence_o to_o sell_v in_o other_o province_n the_o inhabitant_n be_v general_o very_o dull_a of_o understanding_n and_o few_o of_o they_o addict_v to_o learning_n but_o they_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n very_o strong_a body_v fit_a to_o undergo_v any_o labour_n the_o child_n do_v not_o only_o go_v naked_a in_o the_o winter_n but_o will_v leap_v into_o the_o cold_a water_n several_n of_o they_o live_v by_o theft_n and_o robbery_n and_o these_o company_n be_v oftentimes_o so_o numerous_a that_o they_o break_v through_o all_o opposition_n whatsoever_o when_o they_o make_v inroad_n to_o plunder_v the_o country_n which_o be_v already_o much_o ruin_v by_o the_o late_a invasion_n in_o this_o whole_a province_n of_o xantung_n lie_v six_o capital_a city_n twenty_o nine_o small_a city_n and_o thirteen_o carrison_n the_o six_o great_a city_n be_v cinan_n yencheu_o tungchang_n cingcheu_o tengcheâ—_n and_o laicheu_fw-la cinan_n command_v over_o thirty_o city_n as_o cinan_n changkieu_o ceup_a chagxan_n sinching_n ciho_n citung_n ciyang_n chihuen_n juch_v liâ—ye_n changce_v fich_a cingch_a ling_n taigan_n siniai_n laivu_o te_o tepe_v pingyven_v vute_v yangsin_n haifung_a lal_v xangho_n pin_n ljoin_n chenhoa_o and_o putahi_n yencheu_o command_v over_o 26_o city_n as_o yencheu_o kioheu_o nivyang_n ceu_fw-la teng_n you_o kiuhiang_n yutai_n tan_o chingvu_o cao_n tingtao_n cine_v kiaciang_n kivye_n kiunch_v tungp_a venxang_v tungpo_n pingyn_n jangco_n xeuchang_n why_o tanch_a fi_n and_o suxui_fw-la tungchang_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n as_o tungchang_n tangye_n popingay_v choangp_a kieu_o sin_n cingp_v ken_n lince_v quontao_n caotang_n gen_n hiacin_n vuce_v po_n fan_n quonching_n and_o chaoch_v cingcheu_o command_v over_o 14_o city_n as_o cingcheu_o linchi_n pohing_n caoyven_v logan_n xeuquang_n changlo_n linkiu_n gankiu_fw-la chuch_v mungin_n kiu_n yxui_fw-la and_o gechao_n tengcheu_o command_v over_o eight_o city_n as_o tengcheu_o hoang_n foxan_n leuhid_n chaoyven_v laiyang_n ninghai_n and_o vemeng_n laicheu_o command_v over_o seven_o city_n as_o laicheu_o pingtu_fw-la vi_n changye_n kiao_n caomi_n and_o gieme_n the_o thirteen_o garrison_n be_v nince_v cinghai_n chingxan_n gueihai_n sanxan_n kixan_n civenxan_n mavan_n siaoye_n haicang_v punglai_n cin_n and_o xechin_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v also_o several_a island_n among_o which_o these_o three_o be_v the_o chief_a as_o first_o feuxeu_o which_o lie_v towards_o the_o west_n be_v but_o small_a yet_o exceed_v well_o build_v the_o second_o be_v teuhang_v situate_v in_o the_o sea_n near_o to_o caomy_n this_o island_n be_v very_o famous_a by_o reason_n of_o a_o sad_a accident_n of_o five_o hundred_o chinese_n philosopher_n who_o drown_v themselves_o in_o the_o sea_n because_o the_o emperor_n xuis_n hate_v all_o learned_a man_n as_o mortal_a enemy_n the_o three_o island_n be_v xaumen_n the_o big_a and_o full_a of_o people_n the_o chinese_n accompt-book_n which_o comprehend_v the_o number_n of_o people_n in_o each_o place_n mention_n in_o this_o province_n seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o family_n sixty_o seven_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o fight_a men._n the_o yearly_a revenue_n of_o the_o province_n belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o twenty_o eight_o hundred_o twelve_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o bag_n of_o corn_n fifty_o four_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o roll_n of_o throw_v silk_n fifty_o two_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o forty_o nine_o pound_n of_o cotton_n and_o thirty_o eight_o hundred_o twenty_o four_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o nineteen_o truss_n of_o straw_n and_o hay_n for_o the_o emperor_n stable_n beside_o several_a toll_v pay_v upon_o the_o royal_a channel_n of_o jun_n which_o amount_v yearly_a to_o ten_o million_o of_o golden_a crown_n this_o village_n kiakia_a lie_v encompass_v with_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a field_n most_o delightful_a to_o behold_v and_o be_v very_o rich_a well_o build_v and_o handsome_o adorn_v with_o indifferent_a large_a structure_n the_o field_n round_o about_o be_v full_a of_o rosemary_n which_o be_v not_o only_o very_o pleasant_a to_o the_o eye_n but_o also_o cast_v a_o fragrant_a smell_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n before_o you_o come_v near_o they_o we_o see_v likewise_o not_o far_o from_o the_o city_n several_a herd_n of_o stag_n and_o buck_n and_o abundance_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fowl_n especial_o pheasant_n we_o take_v great_a delight_n in_o hunt_v the_o stag_n whereof_o we_o kill_v several_a with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v skilful_a at_o the_o game_n they_o be_v very_o much_o please_v with_o our_o way_n of_o shoot_v pheasant_n fly_v the_o flesh_n of_o these_o deer_n taste_v so_o much_o of_o rosemary_n as_o if_o the_o venison_n be_v season_v with_o the_o sprig_n we_o be_v three_o day_n upon_o this_o channel_n jun_n before_o we_o reach_v any_o other_o considerable_a place_n but_o upon_o the_o eleven_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o arrive_v at_o a_o famous_a village_n call_v jax-hinno_a situate_v upon_o the_o royal_a channel_n in_o and_o about_o this_o village_n stand_v 36_o stately_a tower_n build_v rare_o well_o on_o either_o side_n of_o the_o river_n here_o we_o lay_v all_o night_n but_o the_o next_o morning_n set_v sail_n by_o daybreak_n and_o that_o day_n and_o the_o next_o we_o see_v upon_o each_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n great_a store_n of_o good_a corn-ground_n towards_o the_o east_n of_o this_o royal_a channel_n lie_v several_a high_a and_o great_a hill_n whereof_o these_o follow_a be_v the_o chief_a near_o to_o taigan_n the_o sixteen_o small_a city_n of_o cinnan_n appear_v a_o mountain_n call_v tai_n which_o be_v very_o steep_a and_o broad_a the_o chinese_n geographer_n say_v that_o it_o be_v at_o least_o five_o mile_n in_o height_n from_o the_o basis_n to_o the_o crown_n upon_o this_o mountain_n be_v several_a temple_n to_o which_o belong_v great_a store_n of_o priest_n who_o live_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o calvisians_n in_o europe_n not_o far_o from_o laivu_o the_o eighteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o this_o place_n arise_v the_o mountain_n tax_n in_o which_o they_o find_v great_a store_n of_o iron_n near_o to_o ciohu_n the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n yengcheu_o be_v the_o mountain_n call_v fang_n very_o famous_a for_o the_o tomb_n where_o the_o ancestor_n of_o that_o learned_a chinese_n philosopher_n confutius_n lie_v inter_v not_o far_o from_o the_o four_o small_a city_n ceu_fw-la lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v changp_v upon_o which_o as_o the_o chineses_n report_n confutius_n be_v bear_v in_o a_o town_n also_o call_v changp_v the_o ruin_n whereof_o be_v still_o to_o be_v see_v near_o to_o tunp_v the_o eight_o small_a city_n of_o the_o say_v capital_a city_n stand_v a_o great_a mountain_n call_v fung_n full_a of_o wood_n and_o goodly_a pasture_n upon_o the_o thirteen_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o come_v to_o cinningsin_n or_o cine_v the_o fourteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n yengcheu_o in_o this_o cine_v the_o ambassador_n be_v noble_o treat_v in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o governor_n by_o the_o agent_n of_o the_o young_a canton_n viceroy_n he_o be_v go_v from_o home_n to_o order_v the_o make_n of_o a_o fence-work_n against_o the_o break_n in_o of_o the_o yellow_a river_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o city_n lie_v low_a and_o plashy_a be_v full_a of_o pool_n and_o river_n which_o abound_v with_o fish_n near_o to_o cao_n the_o twelve_o small_a city_n be_v a_o lake_n call_v lui_o which_o signify_v the_o thunder-pool_n in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o appear_v a_o stone_n represent_v a_o dragon_n with_o the_o head_n of_o a_o man._n the_o chineses_n call_v this_o the_o spirit_n of_o thunder_n and_o affirm_v that_o when_o any_o one_o strike_v upon_o the_o belly_n he_o draw_v a_o hideous_a sound_n from_o the_o monster_n like_o thunder_n near_o to_o the_o three_o small_a city_n nynyang_n which_o be_v likewise_o under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n yengcheu_o and_o about_o two_o mile_n from_o cine_v run_v a_o small_a river_n call_v tao_n out_o of_o which_o the_o chineses_n report_n that_o the_o great_a philosopher_n confutius_n refuse_v to_o drink_v though_o ready_a to_o die_v of_o thirst_n because_o it_o be_v call_v the_o water_n of_o thief_n so_o great_a a_o aversion_n have_v this_o ethnic_a philosopher_n to_o the_o very_a name_n of_o wicked_a villainy_n and_o robber_n all_o the_o inn_n and_o public_a victualling-house_n have_v their_o fiddler_n and_o comedian_n belong_v to_o they_o to_o recreate_v their_o guest_n at_o meal_n provision_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v very_o cheap_a in_o those_o part_n we_o pay_v but_o two_o shilling_n a_o piece_n for_o our_o dinner_n which_o consist_v of_o several_a dish_n out_o of_o which_o the_o player_n be_v
or_o perfume_a straw_n nor_o be_v their_o variety_n great_a in_o substance_n than_o their_o difference_n in_o fashion_n for_o some_o be_v round_o other_o foursquare_a &c_n &c_n such_o as_o be_v wear_v by_o the_o grandee_n be_v make_v of_o white_a paper_n gilt_n to_o open_v and_o shut_v at_o pleasure_n with_o one_o of_o which_o it_o be_v customary_a among_o they_o to_o present_v each_o other_o as_o a_o token_n of_o love_n and_o friendship_n these_o fan-maker_n also_o as_o aforesaid_a be_v employ_v much_o in_o the_o make_n of_o quittesole_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o fold_v canopy_n carry_v over_o the_o head_n of_o the_o grandee_n by_o their_o servant_n be_v make_v of_o the_o same_o stuff_n with_o fan_n and_o line_v with_o silk_n or_o linen_n the_o ruffian_n travel_v through_o all_o part_n of_o the_o country_n with_o woman_n in_o their_o company_n and_o where_o by_o chance_n they_o find_v any_o handsome_a young_a maid_n among_o the_o common_a sort_n of_o people_n they_o use_v all_o 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night_n lodging_n must_v receive_v she_o in_o the_o public_a manner_n hereafter_o describe_v viz._n she_o be_v set_v upon_o a_o ass_n and_o so_o conduct_v with_o a_o hood_n over_o her_o face_n to_o the_o house_n of_o he_o that_o send_v for_o she_o and_o when_o she_o be_v come_v to_o his_o house_n she_o cast_v aside_o her_o hood_n and_o then_o he_o receive_v and_o conduct_n she_o into_o the_o house_n there_o be_v also_o another_o sort_n of_o beggar_n here_o who_o set_v fire_n to_o a_o combustible_a kind_n of_o stuff_n upon_o their_o head_n which_o they_o suffer_v to_o burn_v there_o with_o such_o excessive_a pain_n and_o torment_n till_o they_o have_v extort_a some_o charity_n from_o the_o transient_a company_n with_o their_o howl_n and_o cry_v endure_v very_o great_a misery_n all_o that_o while_n and_o last_o upon_o every_o public_a market-day_n there_o be_v to_o be_v see_v whole_a troop_n of_o blind_a beggar_n in_o the_o several_a city_n and_o town_n who_o beat_v themselves_o upon_o 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they_o of_o a_o high_a speculation_n view_v humane_a vicissitude_n lament_v themselves_o that_o they_o can_v reject_v and_o shun_v these_o complimental_a formality_n although_o they_o do_v therein_o far_o exceed_v those_o of_o europe_n wherefore_o in_o this_o chapter_n i_o shall_v show_v in_o what_o manner_n they_o salute_v one_o another_o when_o they_o meet_v and_o afterward_o treat_v of_o some_o other_o manner_n and_o custom_n in_o use_n among_o they_o wherein_o they_o differ_v from_o other_o or_o among_o themselves_o it_o be_v hold_v for_o no_o point_n of_o civility_n among_o the_o chineses_n to_o take_v off_o the_o hat_n or_o to_o make_v leg_n as_o it_o be_v usual_o term_v much_o leâ—s_n to_o embrace_v any_o person_n or_o kiss_v his_o hand_n or_o make_v any_o outward_a show_n of_o compliment_n the_o most_o general_a and_o common_a way_n with_o they_o of_o show_v civility_n be_v do_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o carry_v their_o hand_n when_o they_o walk_v unless_o they_o be_v to_o 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the_o visitant_n be_v place_v on_o the_o left-hand_a oftentimes_o also_o after_o they_o have_v do_v bow_v they_o exchange_v place_n and_o go_v off_o from_o the_o left_a to_o the_o right-hand_a and_o from_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a which_o be_v do_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o so_o the_o party_n that_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o high_a place_n shall_v show_v some_o respect_n to_o the_o other_o again_o when_o this_o ceremony_n happen_v to_o be_v in_o the_o street_n both_o party_n turn_v themselves_o side_n to_o side_n towards_o the_o north_n and_o within_o door_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o hall_n for_o it_o be_v a_o old_a custom_n among_o they_o to_o lay_v the_o threshold_n of_o the_o palace_n temple_n and_o other_o edifice_n to_o the_o south_n so_o that_o in_o regard_n this_o ceremony_n be_v perform_v in_o the_o hall_n next_o to_o the_o threshold_n they_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o upper_a end_n and_o and_o then_o they_o look_v towards_o the_o north._n if_o so_o 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same_o mistake_n by_o which_o he_o call_v tiger_n lion_n notwithstanding_o here_o be_v none_o to_o be_v find_v nor_o almost_o in_o all_o asia_n except_o you_o will_v have_v he_o to_o be_v understand_v not_o only_o to_o comprehend_v the_o bridge_n that_o be_v both_o within_o the_o city_n and_o without_o in_o the_o suburb_n but_o also_o those_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o then_o indeed_o their_o number_n which_o otherwise_o will_v hardly_o gain_v credit_n among_o we_o may_v easy_o be_v augment_v there_o be_v so_o vast_a a_o abundance_n of_o bridge_n and_o triumphal_a arch_n every_o where_o to_o be_v find_v for_o the_o great_a confirmation_n of_o this_o matter_n there_o be_v a_o lake_n of_o forty_o italian_a mile_n which_o they_o call_v sihu_n which_o although_o it_o be_v not_o within_o the_o wall_n yet_o it_o do_v encompass_v it_o for_o a_o large_a space_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o south_n and_o many_o channel_n be_v draw_v from_o it_o into_o the_o city_n moreover_o the_o bank_n or_o shore_n of_o it_o on_o every_o side_n be_v so_o beset_v with_o temple_n monastery_n palace_n library_n and_o private_a edifice_n that_o you_o will_v suppose_v yourself_o to_o be_v within_o a_o most_o spacious_a city_n and_o not_o in_o the_o country_n the_o margin_n or_o bank_n of_o the_o lake_n be_v raise_v in_o every_o part_n with_o foursquare_a and_o cut_v stone_n and_o a_o convenient_a passage_n leave_v for_o traveller_n also_o some_o passage_n go_v clear_a through_o the_o lake_n furnish_v with_o many_o and_o those_o very_a high_a bridge_n under_o which_o ship_n may_v pass_v in_o pass_v over_o which_o they_o may_v to_o and_o fro_o encompass_v the_o lake_n whence_o these_o bridge_n may_v easy_o be_v reckon_v by_o venetus_n to_o belong_v to_o the_o city_n this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o have_v a_o mountain_n within_o its_o wall_n on_o the_o southside_n term_v chinghoang_v in_o which_o be_v that_o tower_n with_o a_o guard_n where_o they_o measure_v the_o hour_n by_o a_o 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which_o extend_v very_o far_o on_o every_o side_n whence_o you_o shall_v go_v over_o five_o hundred_o chinesian_a pace_n or_o stadiums_n by_o walk_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n or_o way_n from_o north_n to_o south_n through_o the_o most_o large_a and_o populous_a street_n in_o which_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o place_n destitute_a either_o of_o house_n or_o people_n you_o may_v perform_v the_o like_a journey_n almost_o from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north._n see_v therefore_o that_o according_a unto_o the_o chinesian_a history_n the_o name_n the_o description_n the_o magnitude_n and_o all_o other_o passage_n do_v demonstrate_v this_o to_o be_v the_o city_n quinsai_n we_o ought_v no_o long_o to_o question_n or_o doubt_v of_o the_o same_o thus_o father_n martinius_n martinii_n in_o the_o place_n cite_v sect_n i._o the_o voyage_n of_o benedict_n go_v of_o the_o society_n of_o jesus_n into_o cathay_n or_o china_n take_v out_o of_o father_n nicholas_n trigautius_n i_o shall_v therefore_o now_o brief_o show_v whence_o proceed_v that_o so_o great_a confusion_n of_o opinion_n concern_v the_o proper_a situation_n of_o cathay_n now_o it_o be_v know_v both_o from_o the_o history_n of_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n haytho_n the_o armenian_a and_o also_o from_o the_o chronology_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o the_o great_a cham_n emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o some_o call_v cublai_n other_o ulcam_v or_o uncam_fw-la anno_fw-la 1256._o make_v a_o breach_n or_o irruption_n through_o the_o wall_n gain_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o chinese_n which_o then_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o empire_n whereof_o the_o one_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v call_v cathay_n the_o other_o towards_o the_o south_n mangi_n whence_o as_o the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n with_o the_o other_o region_n without_o the_o wall_n be_v otherwise_o vulgar_o call_v cathay_n so_o also_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o the_o chineses_n be_v now_o possess_v the_o whole_a be_v call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cathay_n by_o the_o tartar_n and_o the_o adjoin_a saracen_n the_o name_n of_o the_o other_o circumjacent_a region_n without_o the_o wall_n be_v utter_o extinguish_v so_o that_o from_o that_o very_a time_n that_o only_a empire_n of_o the_o chineses_n that_o extend_v so_o far_o include_v within_o the_o wall_n be_v call_v cathay_n by_o as_o many_o as_o traffic_v or_o merchandize_v thither_o from_o indostan_n usbec_n camul_n and_o other_o mediterranean_a region_n as_o it_o be_v manifest_a from_o the_o voyage_n of_o our_o brother_n benedict_n go_v but_o because_o that_o be_v not_o only_o undertake_v and_o decree_v by_o the_o command_n and_o advice_n of_o the_o superior_n of_o our_o society_n cathay_n but_o also_o by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o viceroy_n of_o aria_n in_o india_n call_v saldagna_n yea_o also_o of_o the_o great_a acabar_n emperor_n of_o the_o mogor_n both_o to_o find_v out_o cathay_n and_o also_o to_o instruct_v in_o the_o christian_a religion_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o 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city_n of_o the_o mogor_n he_o travel_v towards_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n in_o the_o company_n of_o five_o hundred_o person_n which_o they_o call_v the_o caravan_n have_v with_o they_o a_o great_a multitude_n of_o beast_n of_o carriage_n camel_n and_o wagon_n in_o a_o month_n he_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n athec_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o mogor_n and_o have_v pass_v over_o the_o river_n indus_n at_o the_o end_n of_o two_o month_n more_o he_o come_v unto_o passaur_n where_o he_o be_v inform_v by_o a_o hermit_n that_o about_o two_o month_n journey_n far_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v the_o region_n caphurstan_n that_o be_v the_o land_n of_o infidel_n of_o which_o i_o shall_v treat_v anon_o that_o have_v many_o christian_n in_o it_o unto_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v hinder_v by_o the_o caravan_n he_o can_v not_o travel_v hence_o in_o the_o course_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o a_o city_n name_v ghideli_fw-la where_o he_o be_v in_o great_a danger_n of_o thief_n depart_v thence_o in_o twenty_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o city_n cabul_n a_o city_n yet_o subject_a to_o the_o mogor_n from_o whence_o he_o go_v unto_o chianacar_n a_o city_n abound_v with_o iron_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o ten_o day_n he_o arrive_v at_o a_o place_n call_v parvan_n the_o last_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o mogor_n after_o five_o day_n respite_n he_o come_v in_o the_o space_n of_o twenty_o day_n to_o a_o region_n name_v aâ—cheran_n have_v pass_v over_o exceed_v high_a mountain_n and_o in_o fifteen_o day_n more_o he_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n calcia_n and_o there_o have_v spend_v ten_o day_n he_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a place_n call_v gialalabeth_n famous_a for_o the_o portage_n or_o custom_n of_o the_o brahmin_n after_o fifteen_o day_n more_o he_o come_v to_o talhan_n and_o hence_o proceed_v forward_o to_o chaman_n he_o incur_v the_o
great_a hazard_n of_o robber_n who_o have_v shun_v at_o length_n he_o come_v to_o ciarciunor_n and_o after_o ten_o day_n pass_v through_o sarpanil_n a_o desert_a place_n he_o come_v to_o the_o province_n sarcil_n over_o a_o very_a high_a mountain_n and_o that_o in_o twenty_o day_n travel_v after_o two_o day_n more_o he_o come_v to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n cetialath_n in_o which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o multitude_n of_o snow_n many_o perish_a by_o the_o vehemency_n of_o the_o cold._n have_v travel_v six_o day_n through_o the_o snow_n he_o come_v to_o tamgheran_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n and_o after_o fifteen_o day_n to_o jaconich_n and_o after_o five_o to_o hiarcham_n the_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o cascar_n and_o the_o end_n of_o the_o region_n of_o cabul_n the_o whole_a region_n be_v follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o hence_o from_o hiarcham_n be_v the_o begin_n of_o the_o expedition_n by_o caravan_n into_o cathay_n and_o the_o negotiation_n of_o those_o that_o certain_o know_v they_o shall_v be_v admit_v into_o the_o kingdom_n whole_o consist_v as_o it_o be_v in_o fragment_n of_o precious_a jaspar_n which_o be_v find_v in_o great_a plenty_n in_o cathay_n that_o be_v in_o china_n and_o be_v of_o two_o kind_n the_o first_o sort_n be_v bring_v out_o of_o the_o river_n cotan_n not_o far_o from_o the_o regal_a city_n by_o fisherman_n like_v unto_o thick_a flint_n the_o other_o be_v dig_v out_o of_o the_o mountain_n be_v cleave_v into_o stony_a plate_n almost_o two_o ell_n long_o this_o mountain_n cansangui_n be_v distant_a from_o the_o imperial_a city_n twenty_o day_n journey_n and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o stony_a mountain_n note_v vulgar_o in_o geographical_a map_n hence_o therefore_o benedict_n after_o long_a stay_n again_o begin_v his_o voyage_n first_o he_o arrive_v at_o jolci_n the_o place_n of_o custom_n for_o the_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o pass_v over_o these_o follow_a place_n hancialix_n alceghet_n hagabathet_fw-la egriar_n mesetelec_n thalec_n horma_n thoantac_n mingieda_n capetalcol_n zilan_n sarognebetal_n cambasco_n aconsersec_n ciacor_n acsu_fw-la acsu_n be_v a_o town_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o cascar_n from_o which_o he_o pass_v by_o a_o laborious_a voyage_n through_o the_o desert_n caracatai_fw-fr that_o be_v black_a cataia_n unto_o oitograch_n gazo_n casciani_n dellai_n saregabadal_n ugan_n and_o at_o last_o he_o arrive_v at_o gruciam_fw-la depart_v hence_o in_o a_o voyage_n of_o twenty_o five_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o the_o city_n of_o cialis_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o dominion_n of_o the_o king_n of_o cascar_n where_o the_o saracen_n return_v in_o the_o caravan_n of_o the_o year_n before_o from_o cathay_n that_o be_v from_o pekin_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o china_n declare_v wonderful_a thing_n unto_o our_o benedict_n concern_v matthew_n riccius_fw-la and_o his_o companion_n and_o here_o our_o father_n wonder_v that_o he_o have_v find_v cathay_n in_o the_o chief_a place_n of_o the_o chinese_n from_o hence_o in_o twenty_o day_n he_o come_v unto_o pucia_n a_o town_n of_o the_o same_o kingdom_n and_o from_o hence_o to_o turpham_n and_o aramuth_n and_o at_o length_n arrive_v at_o camul_n a_o fortify_v city_n from_o camul_fw-la in_o nine_o day_n he_o come_v to_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o north_n part_n of_o china_n which_o he_o have_v so_o long_o desire_v unto_o a_o place_n call_v chaiaicum_fw-la where_o be_v admit_v within_o the_o wall_n by_o one_o day_n journey_n he_o come_v to_o the_o first_o city_n of_o china_n call_v socien_n and_o find_v no_o other_o cathay_n but_o china_n so_o that_o from_o thenceforward_o he_o lay_v aside_o all_o scruple_n of_o the_o proper_a and_o true_a situation_n of_o cathay_n which_o the_o saracen_n often_o confound_v with_o china_n note_v that_o this_o voyage_n be_v take_v or_o begin_v from_o laor_n towards_o the_o north_n when_o he_o may_v have_v come_v to_o his_o journey_n end_v from_o laor_n by_o a_o much_o near_a way_n but_o as_o this_o voyage_n or_o passage_n through_o the_o thebetick_a mountain_n be_v not_o yet_o discover_v so_o that_o also_o on_o the_o other_o side_n by_o usbeck_n and_o samarcande_v at_o that_o time_n be_v more_o use_v although_o that_o to_o conform_v himself_o unto_o the_o custom_n of_o merchant_n he_o be_v force_v to_o attempt_v to_o pass_v by_o this_o latter_a though_o it_o be_v very_o much_o out_o of_o the_o way_n by_o reason_n of_o its_o vast_a wind_n and_o and_o turn_n and_o also_o on_o every_o hand_n subject_n to_o robber_n the_o territory_n of_o usbec_n be_v extend_v by_o a_o large_a interval_n of_o region_n from_o the_o west_n to_o the_o north_n be_v make_v up_o of_o three_o very_a great_a kingdom_n whereof_o the_o first_o be_v samarcande_v famous_a for_o the_o birth_n of_o tamberlan_n the_o second_o tarphan_n and_o the_o three_o turphan_n all_o of_o they_o infamous_a for_o the_o religion_n of_o mahomet_n the_o inhabitant_n as_o historian_n relate_v of_o the_o scythian_n be_v cruel_a thief_n bloody_a and_o implacable_a enemy_n of_o the_o christian_n so_o that_o this_o kingdom_n be_v now_o altogether_o unpassable_a for_o the_o christian_n except_o such_o as_o will_v become_v denier_n of_o christ_n and_o profess_v themselves_o follower_n of_o the_o law_n of_o mahomet_n and_o this_o be_v the_o passage_n from_o usbec_n to_o cathay_n but_o the_o voyage_n undertake_v by_o father_n antonius_n andradas_n a_o portugese_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o thebet_n be_v after_o this_o manner_n first_o pass_v over_o ganges_n from_o laor_n he_o enter_v into_o scrinegar_n and_o ciapharanga_n most_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n and_o from_o these_o have_v pass_v over_o a_o most_o high_a mountain_n on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o he_o discover_v a_o vast_a lake_n the_o common_a receptacle_n of_o the_o water_n of_o the_o river_n indus_n ganges_n and_o the_o other_o great_a river_n of_o india_n and_o hence_o by_o a_o voyage_n of_o many_o day_n and_o that_o also_o through_o high_a mountain_n he_o arrive_v in_o the_o cold_a northern_a region_n redor_n and_o in_o a_o city_n of_o the_o same_o name_n from_o which_o pass_v through_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n and_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tanchut_n which_o belong_v unto_o the_o tartar_n in_o two_o month_n space_n he_o easy_o arrive_v at_o cathay_n that_o be_v china_n sect_n ii_o another_o voyage_n from_o china_n to_o the_o mogor_n perform_v by_o the_o father_n of_o our_o society_n father_n albert_n dorville_n and_o father_n john_n gruberus_n these_o father_n begin_v their_o voyage_n from_o pequin_n anno_fw-la 1661._o in_o the_o month_n of_o june_n from_o whence_o they_o arrive_v at_o siganfu_n and_o from_o hence_o after_o thirty_o day_n stay_v they_o depart_v to_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n in_o almost_o twice_o so_o many_o day_n have_v pass_v over_o the_o saffron_n river_n now_o sin_v or_o siningfu_n be_v a_o great_a and_o populous_a city_n build_v at_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n by_o or_o through_o the_o gate_n of_o which_o be_v the_o first_o entrance_n into_o cathay_n or_o china_n for_o those_o that_o trade_n thither_o from_o india_n and_o where_o also_o they_o be_v force_v to_o stay_v till_o they_o have_v a_o far_a admission_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o king_n the_o city_n be_v place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 36_o degree_n and_o 20_o minute_n from_o sin_v in_o three_o month_n space_n pass_v through_o the_o desert_n of_o kalmack_n in_o tartary_n they_o come_v unto_o the_o very_a entrance_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o lassa_n which_o the_o tartar_n also_o call_v barantola_n the_o desert_n be_v partly_o moutainous_a partly_o level_a and_o overspread_v with_o sand_n and_o dust_n altogether_o sterile_a and_o barren_a unto_o which_o notwithstanding_o nature_n be_v here_o and_o there_o in_o some_o place_n propitious_a by_o afford_v some_o small_a rivulet_n who_o bank_n yield_v a_o sufficient_a quantity_n of_o green_a herb_n and_o grass_n but_o as_o this_o desert_n derive_v its_o original_n from_o the_o innermost_a mediterranean_a part_n of_o india_n so_o be_v it_o also_o extend_v in_o a_o straight_a line_n from_o the_o south_n to_o the_o north_n and_o no_o person_n have_v yet_o unto_o this_o day_n be_v find_v who_o have_v discover_v its_o bound_n many_o suppose_v it_o to_o be_v extend_v even_o unto_o the_o freeze_a sea_n concern_v which_o i_o have_v treat_v at_o large_a in_o my_o book_n of_o the_o subterranean_a world_n now_o it_o have_v various_a name_n marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n call_v it_o lop_n infamous_a for_o diabolical_a delusion_n and_o a_o multitude_n of_o spectres_n or_o evil_a spirit_n that_o usual_o appear_v in_o it_o concern_v which_o notwithstanding_o our_o father_n relate_v nothing_o for_o the_o once_o or_o twice_o appear_v of_o these_o spirit_n do_v not_o prove_v the_o perpetual_a continuance_n of_o their_o
9_o hundred_o 49_o pound_n of_o raw_a silk_n 71_o hundred_o 2_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 36_o rowls_n of_o cloth_n make_v of_o hemp_n 36_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 70_o bales_n of_o cotton_n 1_o hundred_o 91_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 30_o rowls_n of_o wrought_a silk_n but_o the_o city_n of_o hucheu_fw-la buy_v off_o this_o tax_n yearly_a for_o the_o sum_n of_o 500_o thousand_o crown_n the_o province_n bring_v in_o likewise_o 1_o million_o 7_o hundred_o 94_o thousand_o 2_o hundred_o and_o 61_o weight_n of_o salt_n tax_n each_o weight_n be_v to_o be_v reckon_v at_o 1_o hundred_o 24_o pound_n amount_v in_o all_o to_o 1_o hundred_o 87_o million_o 6_o hundred_o 88_o thousand_o 3_o hundred_o 64_o pound_n 32_o million_o 4_o hundred_o 18_o thousand_o 6_o hundred_o 27_o truss_n of_o hay_n and_o straw_n for_o the_o king_n stable_n beside_o all_o other_o tax_n the_o other_o ten_o province_n of_o china_n i_o do_v not_o see_v in_o my_o journey_n yet_o however_o i_o shall_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o the_o tax_n which_o the_o great_a and_o lesser_a city_n thereof_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n their_o name_n be_v these_o zansi_fw-la the_o second_o province_n of_o the_o fifteen_o xensi_fw-la the_o three_o honan_n the_o five_o sucheu_o the_o six_o huquang_n the_o seven_o chekiang_n the_o ten_o fokien_n the_o eleven_o quangsi_n the_o thirteen_o quicheu_o the_o fourteen_o and_o immam_fw-la the_o fifteen_o the_o second_o kingdom_n of_o zansi_fw-la this_o province_n lie_v westward_o of_o peking_n zansi_fw-la and_o be_v neither_o so_o large_a nor_o populous_a but_o more_o fruitful_a and_o of_o more_o antiquity_n because_o if_o credit_n may_v be_v give_v to_o the_o historian_n of_o china_n the_o chinese_n derive_v from_o hence_o their_o first_o rise_n and_o original_a on_o the_o north_n this_o province_n have_v for_o confine_n the_o great_a wall_n which_o reach_v from_o east_n to_o west_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n behind_o which_o lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tamyn_n and_o the_o sandy_a wilderness_n of_o samo_n the_o west_n side_n of_o this_o province_n lie_v upon_o the_o yellow_a river_n which_o run_v from_o north_n to_o south_n and_o be_v separate_v by_o the_o same_o from_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la this_o province_n produce_v the_o sweet_a and_o fair_a grape_n of_o all_o asia_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o wine_n of_o they_o but_o only_o dry_v they_o and_o so_o bring_v they_o to_o the_o market_n through_o all_o china_n in_o this_o country_n of_o zansi_fw-la which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a and_o worthy_a of_o observation_n be_v through_o the_o whole_a country_n great_a store_n of_o fire-well_n even_o in_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o water-well_n be_v in_o europe_n which_o they_o use_v for_o the_o dress_n of_o meat_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o well_o be_v stop_v very_o close_o and_o only_o a_o place_n leave_v open_a to_o set_v the_o pot_n upon_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o pot_n boil_v without_o any_o trouble_n this_o province_n likewise_o produce_v good_a store_n of_o coal_n which_o they_o dig_v out_o of_o the_o hill_n as_o in_o england_n and_o at_o luyk_n in_o the_o netherlands_o which_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n for_o fuel_n who_o likewise_o use_v stove_n in_o their_o house_n make_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o those_o in_o holland_n in_o this_o country_n of_o zansi_fw-fr be_v 5_o capital_a city_n 92_o small_a city_n and_o several_a fort_n the_o 5_o capital_a city_n be_v taiyven_v pingiaen_n taitung_n lugan_n and_o fuencheu_fw-la 1._o taiyven_v command_v over_o 20_o city_n taiyven_v tayven_v jucu_n taco_n ki_n sinkin_n congyven_v ciaoch_v venxui_fw-la lope_v i_o tingsiang_n tai_n utai_n kiechi_n cofan_n fan_n hang_v paote_n and_o hiang_n 2._o pingiaen_n command_v over_o 31_o city_n as_o pingyaen_n siangling_fw-mi hungtung_n feuxan_n chaoch_v taip_a yoiang_n jech_v kioiao_n fuensi_fw-la pu_o lincin_n yungho_n yxi_n vancve_v hocin_n kiai_n ganye_n hia_n venhi_fw-la pinglo_n juiching_a kiang_n yuenkio_n ho_o kie_fw-mi hiangn_v cie_n taning_n xeleu_n and_o yangho_n among_o these_o pu_o kiai_n ho_o kie_fw-mi and_o cie_n be_v the_o chief_a 3._o taiâ—ung_a command_n over_o 11_o city_n taitung_n hoaigien_n hoenyven_v ing_n xanin_n so_o maye_n guei_n quangling_fw-mi quangchang_n and_o lingkieu_o whereof_o ing_n so_o and_o guei_n be_v the_o chief_a 4._o lugan_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n lugan_n caeneu_fw-fr timlieu_n siangheng_n luch_v hâ—quan_n liching_a and_o pingxun_v 5._o fuencheu_o command_n likewise_o over_o eight_o city_n fuencheu_o hiaoy_n pingiao_n kiakieu_o ningâ—iang_n lingxa_n inugn_v and_o lin._n beside_o these_o great_a city_n there_o be_v three_o other_o corporation_n in_o this_o city_n as_o sin_n laao_n and_o ca._n these_o town_n be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o the_o city_n and_o so_o esteem_v by_o the_o chinese_n but_o yet_o they_o be_v not_o prefer_v to_o that_o dignity_n of_o the_o city_n though_o they_o have_v a_o command_n over_o some_o lesser_a to_n for_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o way_n and_o defence_n of_o the_o great_a wall_n there_o be_v 14_o strong_a fort_n in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v surround_v with_o strong_a wall_n their_o name_n be_v these_o gueiguen_o jeuguei_fw-la coguei_fw-la maye_n vanglin_n janghon_n caoxon_n tiench_v chinlu_n cuigyven_v pinglin_n chungtun_n geutung_n and_o tungx_v the_o pole_n or_o register-book_n of_o this_o province_n reckon_v five_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o thoâ—sand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o family_n and_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o thousand_o fifteen_o fight_a men._n that_o which_o this_o country_n pay_v in_o tax_n yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o seventy_o four_o thousand_o and_o twenty_o two_o bag_n of_o rice_n fifty_o pound_n of_o fine_a linen_n four_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o silk-stuffs_a four_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o weight_n of_o salt_n and_o thirty_o five_o hundred_o forty_o four_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o bundle_n of_o hay_n beside_o several_a other_o tax_n the_o three_o kingdom_n of_o xensi_fw-la among_o the_o northern_a dominion_n be_v this_o xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la which_o be_v very_o great_a chief_o situate_v towards_o the_o west_n in_o 30_o degree_n and_o border_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o prester-iohn_n asia_n casker_n and_o tibet_n which_o be_v call_v by_o one_o name_n in_o the_o chinese_n tongue_n sifan_n westward_o the_o border_n extend_v beyond_o the_o tartar_n kingdom_n of_o taniju_n betwixt_o which_o and_o this_o country_n the_o great_a wall_n and_o some_o fort_n make_v a_o separation_n which_o do_v not_o run_v through_o all_o this_o country_n but_o only_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n the_o remain_a part_n of_o this_o country_n situate_v on_o the_o other_o bank_n of_o the_o river_n have_v no_o wall_n for_o its_o defence_n but_o dry_a and_o barren_a sandfield_n and_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o sufficient_a fortification_n eastward_o this_o xensi_fw-la be_v likewise_o bound_v with_o this_o yellow_a river_n which_o run_v through_o the_o country_n southward_o lie_v very_o high_a mountain_n which_o be_v as_o strong_a bulwark_n and_o separate_v this_o province_n from_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n sucheu_o and_o huquang_n want_v of_o rain_n make_v this_o country_n very_o dry_a but_o yet_o it_o produce_v great_a store_n of_o wheat_n barley_n and_o turkish_a corn_n but_o very_o little_a rice_n the_o beast_n feed_v all_o winter_n upon_o corn._n it_o abound_v with_o sheep_n and_o goat_n which_o they_o shear_v three_o time_n ayear_n in_o the_o spring_n in_o summer_n and_o in_o harvest_n and_o of_o the_o wool_n they_o make_v themselves_o clothes_n in_o this_o country_n they_o make_v great_a store_n of_o musk_n which_o grow_v in_o the_o navel_n of_o a_o beast_n not_o much_o unlike_a to_o a_o young_a hind_n the_o flesh_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n eat_v as_o other_o meat_n when_o this_o deer_n go_v to_o rut_v the_o cod_n swell_v like_o a_o boil_v that_o be_v full_a of_o matter_n which_o exuperation_n consist_v of_o a_o thin_a hairy_a purse_n be_v then_o take_v out_o with_o all_o its_o precious_a stuff_n by_o the_o native_n true_a it_o be_v that_o all_o the_o purse_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o we_o be_v not_o the_o right_a and_o pure_a navel_n for_o the_o cunning_a chineses_n know_v very_o well_o when_o they_o empty_v the_o purse_n how_o to_o fill_v up_o the_o same_o again_o with_o counterfeit_a musk._n there_o be_v likewise_o gold_n find_v in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v not_o fetch_v from_o the_o mine_n for_o those_o the_o emperor_n will_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v open_v there_o be_v both_o gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n but_o from_o the_o side_n of_o river_n and_o shallow_a water_n in_o this_o country_n be_v eight_o capital_a city_n a_o hundred_o and_o seven_o small_a city_n beside_o castle_n and_o fort_n the_o eight_o capital_a city_n be_v these_o
sigan_n fungciang_n hangchung_a pingleang_v cunchang_n linijao_n kingyang_n and_o jengan_n 1._o sigan_n command_v over_o 36_o city_n sigam_n hienyang_n hingp_v linchang_n kingijang_v caolong_v hu_o lantien_n livo_o xang_n chingan_n tung_n chaoye_n hoyang_n cheng_n pexuy_n hanching_n hoa_o hoyan_n gueinan_n puch_v conan_n hoxanijang_v xangnan_n yao_n sanyven_v tungquoa_o fupe_v kien_n fungcve_v vucung_n jungxeu_o fuen_n xunhoa_o xanxuy_n changvu_o 2._o fungciang_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n fungciang_n kixan_n paoki_n fufung_a muy_fw-es linieu_fw-fr lung_n and_o pingijang_v 3._o hanchung_a command_n over_o 15_o town_n hanchung_a paoch_a chingu_n yang_n sihiang_n fungmien_n niengkiang_n lioyang_n hinggan_n pingli_fw-la xecve_v sinijang_fw-mi haniju_fw-fr peho_o and_o cuijang_v 4._o pingleang_fw-mi command_v over_o ten_o city_n pingleang_v cungsin_n hoat_a chinyven_v kuyven_v knig_n lingtai_n choangleang_fw-mi limgte_n and_o congn_v 5._o cung_n change_n command_v over_o seventeen_o city_n chungchang_n gant_v hoein_v tunguei_n change_v ningyven_v fokiang_n siho_n ching_n cin_n cingan_n cingxui_n li_n kiai_n venus_n hoei_n leangtang_n 6._o linijao_n command_v over_o five_o city_n linijao_n gueoyven_v lan_n kin_n ho._n 7._o kingyang_n command_v over_o five_o town_n kingyang_n hoxi_n hoan_n ning_n and_o chuine_v 8._o jengan_n command_v over_o 19_o city_n jengan_n gansai_n cancve_v gant_v paogan_n yâ—huen_n jenchuen_fw-ge jenchang_n cingkien_n fen_n cochuen_n chungpu_n ykiun_n suit_n miche_n kia_n upao_n xinmo_n and_o fuco_fw-la beside_o these_o great_a and_o small_a city_n in_o this_o province_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a magazine_n which_o lie_v scatter_v up_o and_o down_o some_o within_o the_o great_a wall_n and_o some_o without_o the_o chief_a of_o these_o fort_n be_v these_o eight_o xacheu_o xancheu_o jungchang_n leangcheu_o choanglang_n sin_v chiny_z culang_n these_z following_z 14_o be_v small_a one_o hingnia_n ningniachung_a yaocheu_o nincheu_o hocheu_o cinglu_fw-la yulin_n chinfan_n xetu_n hantung_n pinglu_n mingxa_fw-la guei_fw-la and_o sengqui_n the_o chinese_n register_n reckon_v the_o number_n of_o family_n in_o this_o province_n to_o be_v no_o less_o than_o eight_o hundred_o thirty_o one_o thousand_o fifty_o one_o and_o thirty_o nine_o hundred_o thirty_o four_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o seventy_o six_o fight_a men._n the_o tax_n which_o this_o country_n pay_v be_v nineteen_o hundred_o twenty_o nine_o thousand_o and_o fifty_o seven_o bag_n of_o wheat_n three_o hundred_o sixty_o and_o five_o thousand_o weight_n of_o fine_a linen_n nine_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o eighteen_o pound_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o wrought_a silk_n seventeen_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o pound_n of_o cotton_n eight_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o pound_n of_o calico_n beside_o fifteen_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o forty_o nine_o truss_n of_o hay_n for_o the_o king_n stable_n the_o five_o province_n of_o honan_n the_o province_n of_o honan_n lie_v east_n and_o southeast_n with_o nank_v honan_n north_n and_o north-east_n with_o peking_n and_o some_o part_n of_o xantung_n and_o south_n south-west_n with_o hucang_n but_o westward_o it_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o sucheu_o and_o with_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o this_o five_o province_n we_o find_v eight_o great_a city_n a_o hundred_o small_a city_n beside_o fort_n and_o castle_n the_o eight_o great_a city_n be_v caifung_a queite_n shangte_n gueiheoi_fw-fr hoaik_v honan_n nanijang_v and_o june_v 1._o caifung_a bear_v the_o command_n over_o 30_o city_n caifung_a chinlieu_n ki_n tunghiu_o taik_v gueixi_n gueichuen_n jenlin_n fuken_n chungman_n jangvu_o juenvu_o fungkieu_o jencin_n laniang_n chin_n xangaxui_n sihoa_o hiangch_v jench_a chaggio_fw-mi in_o sinch_v mie_n sh_v jungiang_n jungee_n hoin_n suxi_fw-la isung_a 2._o queite_fw-mi govern_v over_o nine_o city_n queite_n ningling_n loye_v hiaye_v jungehing_n ciu_o juch_v hiahch_a and_o xech_v 3._o changte_n command_v over_o seven_o city_n changte_n tanchin_n linchang_n lin_n cuckoe_n vugan_n and_o xe._n 4._o gueihoei_n command_v over_o six_o city_n gueihoei_n coch_v sinchiang_n hoekia_n ki_n and_o hoei_n 5._o hoaikue_v command_v over_o six_o city_n hoaikue_v ciyven_v sievun_n vuche_fw-fr meng_n ven._n 6._o honan_n command'_v over_o 14_o city_n hovan_n jensu_fw-la cung_n mengciu_n yyang_n tenfung_a tungpe_n nanchao_n tengo_n nuihiahg_n sinije_fw-fr chechun_n thou_o vuxang_v and_o you_o 7._o kingyang_n command_v over_o five_o town_n kingyang_n hoxi_n hoan_n ning_n and_o chuine_v 8._o june_v command_v over_o 14_o city_n june_v hanchai_n sipnig_n sincai_n siup_v chinijang_v sinigang_n loxan_n kioxan_n quango_n quangxan_n cuxi_n sceva_n and_o xangch_v the_o great_a city_n in_o which_o though_o not_o prefer_v by_o the_o chinese_n to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o capital_a city_n yet_o however_o command_v over_o five_o small_a city_n as_o in_o luxan_n kia_n paofung_a and_o yyang_n the_o yearly_a revenue_n according_a to_o the_o toll-book_n of_o the_o emperor_n which_o this_o country_n bring_v in_o amoâ—nts_v to_o five_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o ninety_o six_o family_n and_o fifty_o one_o hundred_o six_o thousand_o two_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o fight_a men._n the_o income_n of_o the_o revenue_n amount_v yearly_a to_o twenty_o four_o hundred_o fourteen_o thousand_o four_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o seven_o bag_n of_o rice_n twenty_o three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o nine_o pound_n of_o unwrought_a linen_n nine_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o fifty_o nine_o pound_n of_o several_a sort_n of_o silk_n three_o hundred_o forty_o one_o pound_n of_o cotton_n which_o be_v very_o scarce_o in_o this_o county_n and_o last_o twenty_o two_o hundred_o fourscore_o and_o eight_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o forty_o four_o truss_n of_o hay_n for_o the_o king_n stable_n the_o six_o kingdom_n of_o sucheu_fw-la this_o territory_n of_o sucheu_fw-la be_v very_o large_a and_o fruitful_a sucheu_fw-la which_o eastward_o border_v upon_o huquang_n southward_o upon_o queicheu_o north-east_n and_o by_o north_n upon_o xensi_fw-la north-west_n upon_o prester-iohn_n country_n westward_o upon_o tiâ—et_n and_o southward_o upon_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n in_o this_o whole_a province_n be_v eight_o chief_a city_n a_o hundred_o twenty_o four_o great_a and_o little_a city_n four_o garrison_n city_n beside_o several_a other_o town_n and_o place_n the_o eight_o capital_a city_n be_v chingtu_n paon_v xungn_v siucheu_o chunk_v queicheu_o lunggan_n and_o mahu_n 1._o chingtu_fw-la command_v over_o 30_o little_a city_n chingtu_fw-la xaanglieu_n veukiang_n sinfan_n sinlu_n kintang_n ginxeu_o chingp_v pi_n cu_z nuikiang_n quou_a peug_n cuugn_v begin_v kien_n cuyang_n cungk_v sincin_n han_n xefan_n miencho_n teyang_n mien_n changn_v lokiang_n mieu_o vencheven_o guei_n and_o pao_n 2._o pagn_v command_v over_o 10_o city_n pagn_v cangki_n nanpu_n quangyven_v pa_n chaoboa_n tungkiang_n kien_n cutung_n and_o mankiang_n 3._o xunk_v have_v under_o its_o command_n 9_o city_n xunk_v such_fw-mi jungxan_n ylnug_n quanggan_n kin_n tacho_fw-it gochi_n and_o linxui_fw-la 4._o siucheu_o command_n likewise_o over_o 10_o city_n siucheu_o kingfu_n fuxun_n nanki_n hiuguen_n changn_v junlien_n cung_n cao_n and_o lukehang_v 5._o chungk_v command_v over_o 18_o city_n chungk_v kiangein_o changxeu_o taco_n juncheven_fw-mi kikiang_n nancheven_n kiukiang_n ho_o tungleang_v tingguen_n piexan_n chung_n fungtu_n tienkiang_n fen_n fulung_n and_o pinxui_fw-la 6._o queicheu_o command_v over_o 13_o city_n queicheu_o coxan_n tachang_n tame_v junyang_n vaughan_n caiazzo_n tai_n sin_v leangxan_n kieuzi_n tunchiang_n and_o taip_v 7._o lunggan_n command_v over_o three_o city_n lunggan_n kiangyeu_o and_o xecve_v and_o also_o over_o several_a fort_n 8._o mahu_n be_v alone_o without_o have_v any_o city_n under_o its_o command_n the_o great_a city_n be_v six_o tungcheven_o muicheu_o kiate_a kiung_a lincheu_o and_o yacheu_fw-la though_o these_o six_o great_a city_n may_v very_o well_o deserve_v the_o name_n and_o dignity_n of_o capital_a city_n in_o regard_n of_o their_o largeness_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n yet_o they_o do_v not_o enjoy_v that_o dignity_n because_o this_o province_n be_v to_o have_v no_o more_o capital_a city_n than_o peking_n and_o nank_v the_o first_o great_a city_n tungcheven_v command_v over_o 8_o other_o city_n the_o second_o muicheu_o over_o four_o the_o three_o kiate_v over_o seven_o the_o four_o kiung_a over_o three_o the_o five_o liucheu_o over_o four_o and_o the_o six_o yacheu_o command_n likewise_o over_o four_o the_o four_o chief_a garrison_n city_n be_v tinchnen_a uniung_a usa_fw-la and_o chinhiung_a beside_o which_o there_o be_v 35_o small_a garrison_n city_n and_o fort_n this_o province_n produce_v much_o silk_n and_o other_o rich_a commodity_n it_o be_v very_o large_a and_o fruitful_a have_v the_o great_a river_n of_o kiang_n run_v quite_o through_o it_o in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v mountainous_a but_o want_v neither_o for_o tree_n nor_o valley_n from_o hence_o only_o come_v the_o right_a radix-china_n or_o chinaroot_n for_o that_o which_o
silver_n and_o the_o feather_n of_o several_a bird_n very_o artificial_o mingle_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o colour_n none_o be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v any_o of_o these_o silk_n call_v dragon-silk_n but_o the_o emperor_n and_o his_o courtier_n this_o province_n furnish_v the_o court_n likewise_o with_o 80_o hundred_o 4_o thousand_o and_o 91_o truss_n of_o hay_n and_o with_o 4_o hundred_o 44_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 69_o weight_n of_o salt_n the_o whole_a revenue_n of_o this_o province_n be_v reckon_v by_o some_o to_o amount_v to_o 15_o million_o of_o crown_n the_o eleven_o province_n of_o fokien_n this_o province_n fokien_n which_o be_v the_o least_o of_o all_o the_o province_n lie_v towards_o the_o east_n southeast_n and_o south_n upon_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n towards_o the_o south-west_n it_o border_n upon_o quantung_n west_n and_o north-east_n upon_o kiansi_fw-la and_o the_o remain_a part_n upon_o the_o kingdom_n of_o chekiang_n in_o this_o province_n be_v eight_o chief_a city_n and_o 48_o small_a city_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o fort_n which_o be_v build_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o harbour_n the_o eight_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o focheu_o civencheu_o changcheu_o kienning_n jenp_a tincheu_o hiughoa_o and_o xaovu_o 1._o focheu_o command_v over_o eight_o city_n focheu_o cutien_n mince_a changlo_n lienkiang_n loyven_v jungfo_n and_o foce_n 2._o civencheu_o command_v over_o seven_o city_n civencheu_o nangan_n hoeigan_n tehoa_n ganki_n tungan_n and_o junchung_a 3._o changcheu_o command_v over_o 10_o city_n changcheu_o changpu_n lugnien_n nance_v changtai_n changp_v pingho_n caogan_n haicing_n and_o ningyang_n 4._o kien_v command_v over_o seven_o city_n kienning_n kieny_v cunggan_n puch_v chingho_n sungki_n and_o xeun_v 5._o jenp_v command_v over_o seven_o city_n jenp_v cianglo_n xa_n yenki_n xunchang_n janggan_n and_o tatien_n 6._o tingcheu_o command_v over_o eight_o city_n tingcheu_o ninghoa_o xanghang_fw-mi vupe_v cinglieu_n tiench_v queihoa_o and_o jungtung_n 7._o hinghoa_n command_v over_o two_o city_n hinghoa_o and_o sienlieu_n 8._o xaovu_o command_n over_o four_o city_n xaovu_o quangee_n tain_v and_o kienning_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v also_o a_o great_a city_n call_v fon_v which_o command_v three_o city_n fon_v fogan_n and_o ningte_v in_o this_o province_n be_v likewise_o several_a brave_a fort_n and_o town_n for_o trade_n as_o ganhai_n hiamuen_n pumuen_n fon_v tinghai_n muihoa_n xe_n haiku_n vangan_n chungxe_n tungxan_n hivenchung_a and_o jungt_v the_o island_n formosa_fw-la or_o the_o fair_a island_n do_v also_o belong_v to_o this_o province_n as_o likewise_o the_o near_a adjacent_a island_n call_v taiwan_n which_o the_o hollander_n possess_v who_o have_v build_v a_o fort_n there_o call_v new-zealand_n but_o of_o this_o island_n more_o hereafter_o the_o toll_n or_o register-book_n of_o these_o people_n mention_n no_o less_o in_o this_o province_n than_o 5_o hundred_o 9_o thousand_o and_o 2_o hundred_o family_n and_o 18_o hundred_o 2_o thousand_o 6_o hundred_o and_o 77_o fight_a men._n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o province_n consist_v of_o 8_o hundred_o 83_o thousand_o 1_o hundred_o and_o 15_o sack_n of_o salt_n 1_o hundred_o 94_o pound_n of_o fine_a linen_n and_o 6_o hundred_o rowls_n of_o wrought_a silk_n but_o the_o chief_a revenue_n consist_v of_o ship_n which_o pay_v according_a to_o their_o burden_n so_o much_o a_o tun._n the_o thirteen_o province_n of_o quangsi_n quangsi_n be_v the_o thirteen_o province_n quangsi_n and_o border_n towards_o the_o east_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n south-west_n upon_o tungk_v or_o ganan_n westward_o upon_o the_o country_n of_o junnan_n towards_o the_o north-west_n upon_o the_o country_n of_o queicheu_fw-la and_o the_o remain_a part_n upon_o huquang_n in_o this_o province_n be_v eleven_o capital_a city_n one_o chief_a garrison_n city_n and_o one_o principal_a city_n the_o 11_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o queilin_n lieucheu_o kingyven_v pinglo_n gucheu_o cincheu_o nanning_n taip_a sume_a chingen_n and_o tiencheu_fw-la 1._o queilin_n command_v over_o nine_o city_n queilin_n hinggan_n lingchuen_n yangso_n jungn_v jungfo_n yning_n cinen_n and_o quonyang_n 2._o lieucheu_o command_v over_o twelve_o city_n lieucheu_o coyung_a loch_a lieuch_v hoaiyven_v yung_n laipin_n siang_n vucve_v pin_n cienkiang_n and_o xangle_v 3._o kingyven_v command_v over_o nine_o city_n kingyven_v tienho_n sugen_n hochi_n hinch_a nanchuen_n lypo_n tunglan_n and_o pangti_n 4._o pinglo_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n pinglo_n cunch_v fuchueu_o ho_o lipu_n siengiu_n juggan_n and_o caop_v 5._o gucheu_o command_v over_o ten_o city_n gucheu_o teng_n yung_n cengki_n hoaicie_n yolin_n pope_n pelieu_n lochuen_n and_o hingye_n 6._o cincheu_o commannd_v over_o four_o city_n cincheu_o pingnan_n quei_z and_o vuce_v 7._o nan_v command_v over_o six_o city_n nanning_n lunggan_n heng_n yunhiang_n xangsu_n and_o sunning_n 8._o taip_v command_v over_o 22_o city_n taip_v gang_v yangli_fw-la vanching_n co_n civenm_v such_v chinyven_v sutung_v kielum_fw-la ming_v xanhia_n kiegan_n luge_v tukie_n cungxen_a junkang_fw-mi loyang_n toll_v lun_n kiang_n and_o lope_n 9_o sume_v command_v over_o five_o city_n sume_v xangxe_n hiaxe_n pingciang_n and_o chung_n 10._o chingan_n have_v no_o city_n under_o it_o command_v nor_o be_v subject_n to_o any_o other_o city_n 11._o tiencheu_o command_v over_o five_o city_n tiencheu_o xanglin_n lung_n queite_n and_o cohoa_n the_o garrison_n city_n be_v sugen_n and_o command_v over_o three_o city_n sugen_n vuyven_v and_o funghoa_n the_o great_a city_n which_o be_v not_o prefer_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o a_o principal_a city_n be_v such_v and_o command_v only_o over_o one_o city_n call_v ching_n there_o be_v some_o other_o city_n in_o this_o province_n as_o sucheu_o sipe_v fulao_n fukang_v funy_n li_n queixum_fw-la and_o hiangun_v the_o fort_n be_v only_o two_o zanglui_n and_o ganiung_a in_o the_o toll_n or_o register-book_n of_o this_o province_n be_v set_v down_o 1_o hundred_o 86_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 19_o family_n and_o 1_o million_o 54_o thousand_o 7_o hundred_o and_o 60_o fight_a men._n the_o revenue_n thereof_o consist_v of_o 4_o hundred_o 31_o thousand_o 3_o hundred_o and_o 59_o bag_n of_o rice_n the_o fourteen_o province_n of_o queicheu_fw-la this_o province_n of_o queicheu_fw-la border_n east_n and_o southeast_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n queicheu_fw-la north_n and_o north-west_n upon_o sucheu_fw-la towards_o the_o north-east_n it_o reach_v as_o far_o as_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n and_o the_o remain_a part_n border_n upon_o junnan_n former_o this_o province_n be_v not_o reckon_v among_o the_o fifteen_o but_o a_o part_n thereof_o belong_v to_o sucheu_fw-la another_o part_n to_o huquang_n and_o the_o neighbour_a province_n possess_v the_o rest_n at_o last_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n in_o regard_n ivena_n the_o forego_v branch_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v cause_v several_a castle_n and_o fort_n to_o be_v build_v therein_o make_v thereof_o a_o particular_a province_n in_o this_o queicheu_fw-la be_v 8_o chief_a city_n which_o be_v not_o very_o large_a 10_o small_a city_n four_o chief_a garrison_n city_n and_o four_o small_a garrison_n city_n beside_o castle_n and_o fort_n which_o be_v very_o many_o the_o eight_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o queiyang_n sucheu_o sunan_n chinyven_v xecien_n tunggin_n lipe_v and_o tucho_n 1._o queiyang_n command_v over_o 19_o fort_n in_o stead_n of_o city_n queiyang_n kiukiun_n moqua_n tahoa_n cingfan_n gueifan_n fangfan_n hungfan_n golung_n kingxe_n siaolung_n lofan_n talung_n siaoch_v xangua_n luxan_n lufan_n pingfa_n and_o mohiang_n 2._o sucheu_o command_v over_o four_o fort_n sucheu_o tuso_fw-la xiki_n and_o hoantao_n 3._o sunan_n command_v over_o two_o city_n and_o five_o fort_n sunan_n vuchuen_n inkiang_n xuite_o manii_n langki_n and_o jeuki_n 4._o chinyven_v command_v over_o one_o city_n and_o four_o fort_n chinyven_v xikien_n kinyung_a pienkyao_n inxui_n and_o taip_v 5._o xecien_n command_v over_o three_o fort_n xecien_n miaomin_v lungeve_v and_o coihang_v 6._o tunggin_n command_v over_o seven_o fort_n tunggin_n sengki_n tiki_n vaxan_n ulo_n pingten_n pingnan_n and_o pingchai_n 7._o lipe_v command_v over_o 4_o city_n and_o 11_o fort_n lipe_v juncung_n tanki_n pacheu_o hang_v caotie_n cuckoe_n sixau_n huul_a leangsai_n gevyang_n sinhoa_n chunglin_n cheki_n and_o lungli_fw-la 8._o tucho_n command_v over_o three_o city_n and_o nine_o fort_n tucho_n toxan_n maho_n cingpin_n panxui_fw-la pinglang_n pingcheu_o lotung_n hokiang_n lope_v pingt_v and_o tungn_v the_o four_o great_a city_n be_v pugan_n jungn_v chin_a and_o ganxun_v pugan_n be_v the_o key_n of_o the_o three_o province_n jungn_v command_v over_o three_o small_a fort_n jungn_v muyo_n and_o ting_v chin_a command_v over_o two_o fort_n kangco_n and_o xeul_n ganxun_v likewise_o command_v over_o two_o fort_n ningpo_n and_o sipeo_fw-la the_o four_o chief_a garrison_n city_n be_v putting_z sintien_n pingyve_n and_o lungli_fw-la 1._o put_v command_v over_o no_o
ornament_n to_o the_o place_n for_o from_o the_o water-gate_n go_v direct_o on_o to_o the_o king_n palace_n i_o tell_v in_o that_o line_n only_o no_o less_o than_o thirteen_o stately_a triumphal_a arch_n make_v of_o hew_a stone_n which_o be_v so_o set_v out_o with_o figure_n and_o inscription_n in_o carve_a work_n that_o all_o who_o behold_v they_o admire_v they_o as_o wonder_n and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o great_a and_o most_o considerable_a ornament_n wherewith_o the_o chineses_n adorn_v their_o city_n i_o have_v for_o the_o better_a demonstration_n of_o the_o workmanship_n set_v before_o you_o the_o follow_v print_v draught_n of_o one_o of_o they_o that_o you_o may_v take_v a_o full_a view_n of_o every_o part_n and_o so_o judge_v of_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v general_o build_v after_o one_o and_o the_o same_o fashion_n these_o arch_n be_v common_o build_v with_o three_o story_n so_o artificial_o that_o we_o may_v very_o well_o say_v that_o neither_o wit_n nor_o ingenuity_n be_v want_v in_o their_o contrivance_n round_o about_o the_o pillar_n and_o in_o other_o place_n be_v write_v several_a chinese_n character_n and_o also_o cut_v several_a flower_n beast_n bird_n and_o other_o curious_a ornament_n as_o i_o suppose_v emblematical_a that_o you_o may_v the_o better_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o most_o famous_a city_n i_o here_o present_a two_o draught_n the_o one_o the_o prospect_n as_o upon_o the_o water_n the_o other_o ichnographical_a of_o their_o street_n ground-plat_n temple_n wall_n castle_n house_n and_o whatsoever_o else_o they_o say_v this_o city_n before_o the_o last_o war_n be_v so_o wondrous_a populous_a and_o full_a of_o traffic_n that_o daily_o there_o be_v at_o least_o five_o or_o six_o man_n crowd_v to_o death_n in_o pass_v through_o the_o gate_n which_o will_v not_o seem_v altogether_o incredible_a if_o you_o consider_v the_o number_n of_o the_o adjacent_a village_n which_o abound_v with_o people_n constant_o resort_v thither_o this_o city_n have_v be_v twice_o subdue_v by_o arm_n and_o they_o say_v that_o in_o the_o last_o siege_n there_o be_v slay_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o men._n i_o shall_v relate_v to_o you_o in_o short_a what_o happen_v to_o canton_n during_o that_o terrible_a and_o bloody_a invasion_n after_o that_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o china_n except_o some_o few_o sea-town_n they_o fall_v with_o such_o a_o formidable_a army_n into_o this_o province_n of_o quantung_n that_o hardly_o any_o city_n how_o strong_a and_o populous_a soever_o dare_v withstand_v they_o but_o every_o one_o endeavour_v for_o prevention_n of_o her_o total_a ruin_n to_o receive_v the_o conqueror_n upon_o the_o best_a term_n they_o can_v this_o canton_n rely_v upon_o her_o invincible_a fort_n and_o castle_n only_o bid_v defiance_n to_o the_o tartar_n the_o strength_n of_o the_o place_n do_v not_o a_o little_a encourage_v the_o chinese_n inhabitant_n but_o that_o which_o chief_o give_v they_o a_o resolution_n to_o withstand_v the_o enemy_n be_v that_o they_o have_v one_o iquon_n on_o their_o side_n who_o command_v a_o powerful_a fleet_n whereby_o he_o daily_o furnish_v the_o city_n with_o all_o necessary_a provision_n which_o the_o tartar_n can_v not_o hinder_v want_v sea-force_n and_o be_v unskilful_a in_o maritime_a affair_n but_o the_o besieger_n be_v master_n of_o the_o field_n spare_v neither_o pain_n nor_o cost_n to_o reduce_v it_o by_o force_n they_o storm_v the_o city_n three_o time_n but_o be_v courageous_o beat_v off_o by_o the_o besiege_a with_o great_a loss_n of_o man_n and_o arms._n this_o brave_a defence_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v the_o siege_n to_o last_v a_o whole_a year_n and_o their_o strong_a garrison_n enable_v they_o to_o make_v so_o many_o sally_n upon_o the_o besieger_n that_o they_o at_o last_o find_v themselves_o necessitate_v either_o to_o make_v one_o general_a assault_n with_o their_o whole_a army_n or_o else_o as_o baffle_v to_o raise_v their_o leaguer_n the_o ground_n plat_v of_o kanton_a a_o a_o pagode_n temple_n b._n a_o fort_n c._n the_o land_n gate_n d_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n e_o the_o place_n where_o the_o tartar_n be_v exercise_v f_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o tartar_n g._n a_o fair_a chinese_n tower_n h._n the_o old_a king_n palace_n i._o the_o young_a king_n palace_n k._n the_o first_o watergate_n l_o second_o watergate_n m._n the_o ambassador_n house_n n._n artillery_n house_n o._n the_o plain_a where_o the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v p._n two_o water_n châ—tlas_n q._n the_o dutsh-ship_n the_o vice-roys_n who_o govern_v over_o this_o kingdom_n at_o that_o time_n when_o we_o be_v there_o have_v then_o the_o chief_a command_n over_o the_o tartar_n these_o endeavour_v to_o corrupt_v the_o governor_n of_o canton_n with_o great_a promise_n and_o sum_n of_o money_n signify_v withal_o unto_o he_o these_o word_n that_o he_o shall_v consider_v into_o what_o extreme_a danger_n he_o be_v bring_v and_o what_o disaster_n be_v hang_v over_o his_o head_n that_o if_o so_o be_v he_o either_o love_v himself_o or_o his_o relation_n he_o shall_v forthwith_o surrender_v the_o city_n and_o this_o his_o favour_n they_o promise_v to_o requite_v with_o eternal_a friendship_n high_a preferment_n and_o forty_o thousand_o toel_n of_o silver_n the_o pusillanimous_a and_o faithless_a chinese_n governor_n whether_o that_o his_o heart_n misgive_v he_o or_o the_o money_n and_o large_o promise_v tempt_v the_o man_n so_o it_o be_v that_o though_o he_o may_v very_o well_o have_v defend_v the_o city_n yet_o contrary_a to_o his_o oath_n and_o honour_n he_o make_v a_o promise_n to_o the_o same_o tartarian_a commander_n to_o set_v open_a a_o gate_n to_o the_o besieger_n at_o a_o appoint_a hour_n which_o according_o he_o perform_v it_o be_v upon_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n 1650._o when_o the_o tartar_n upon_o this_o advantage_n rush_v with_o their_o whole_a army_n into_o the_o city_n which_o be_v soon_o subdue_v by_o they_o the_o besiege_a not_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o make_v any_o resistance_n for_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o tartar_n horse_n get_v in_o but_o they_o ride_v with_o great_a swiftness_n through_o all_o the_o street_n to_o hinder_v the_o chinese_n from_o gather_v together_o and_o though_o the_o chineses_n be_v not_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o tartar_n yet_o they_o effect_v nothing_o be_v in_o disorder_n and_o surprise_v by_o the_o treachery_n of_o their_o governor_n so_o that_o the_o best_a course_n any_o can_v use_v be_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n the_o whole_a tartar_n army_n be_v get_v into_o the_o city_n the_o place_n be_v soon_o turn_v to_o a_o map_n of_o misery_n for_o every_o one_o begin_v to_o tear_v break_v and_o carry_v away_o whatsoever_o he_o can_v lay_v hand_n on_o the_o cry_n of_o woman_n child_n and_o age_a people_n be_v so_o great_a that_o it_o exceed_v all_o noise_n of_o such_o loud_a distraction_n so_o that_o from_o the_o 26._o of_o november_n to_o the_o 15._o of_o december_n there_o be_v hear_v no_o other_o cry_n in_o the_o street_n but_o strike_v kill_v and_o destroy_v the_o rebellious_a barbarian_n all_o place_n be_v full_a of_o woeful_a lamentation_n murder_n and_o rapine_n those_o that_o be_v able_a to_o ransom_n buy_v their_o life_n at_o dear_a rate_n and_o so_o escape_v the_o fury_n of_o these_o inhuman_a slaughterer_n at_o last_o the_o vice-roys_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n upon_o the_o six_o of_o winter-month_n do_v strict_o forbid_v any_o such_o cruel_a murder_n to_o be_v commit_v thenceforward_a i_o be_v credible_o inform_v that_o during_o the_o space_n of_o 80_o day_n above_o eight_o thousand_o be_v kill_v in_o cold_a blood_n by_o the_o tartar_n some_o among_o which_o the_o jesuit_n martinus_n be_v one_o in_o his_o book_n of_o the_o tartar_n war_n say_v that_o there_o be_v slay_v above_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o which_o be_v not_o altogether_o improbable_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a number_n there_o pen_v up_o but_o although_o this_o city_n be_v thus_o lamentable_o lay_v waste_n yet_o through_o the_o great_a care_n of_o the_o vice-roys_n it_o be_v in_o a_o few_o year_n after_o restore_v to_o its_o former_a lustre_n after_o that_o the_o ambassador_n have_v be_v three_o week_n aboard_o without_o come_v ashore_o all_o that_o while_n they_o have_v leave_v give_v to_o land_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n and_o be_v most_o noble_o receive_v in_o their_o former_a lodging_n but_o yet_o be_v so_o narrow_o guard_v by_o a_o great_a number_n of_o foot-soldier_n that_o they_o be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v into_o the_o street_n two_o day_n after_o there_o come_v a_o mandorin_n to_o they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o viceroy_n who_o propose_v to_o they_o that_o they_o to_o obtain_v their_o end_n in_o china_n can_v not_o present_a and_o give_v to_o the_o emperor_n council_n
they_o return_v and_o sit_v down_o as_o before_o and_o when_o all_o be_v take_v away_o every_o one_o draw_v out_o a_o piece_n of_o money_n which_o together_o be_v to_o be_v divide_v among_o the_o musician_n and_o attendant_n this_o collection_n or_o gather_v they_o lay_v at_o the_o governor_n foot_n to_o be_v by_o he_o dispose_v of_o the_o ambassador_n likewise_o present_v they_o with_o six_o toel_n of_o silver_n and_o some_o silk-stuffs_a which_o the_o governor_n at_o first_o refuse_v but_o at_o last_o at_o their_o entreaty_n accept_v it_o this_o city_n of_o namhun_n be_v very_o large_a well_o situate_v and_o fortify_v with_o wall_n and_o bulwark_n and_o divide_v by_o the_o river_n over_o which_o be_v a_o bridge_n for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o passage_n from_o one_o part_n to_o another_o it_o be_v also_o full_a of_o idol-temple_n and_o brave_a structure_n we_o see_v here_o several_a house_n who_o door_n be_v inscribe_v with_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o name_n of_o our_o saviour_n here_o be_v also_o the_o emperor_n be_v custom-house_n where_o they_o receive_v his_o due_n for_o all_o good_n export_v or_o import_v their_o bill_n of_o lade_n be_v usual_o accept_v on_o their_o word_n save_v the_o double_a diligence_n and_o charge_n of_o searcher_n and_o discompose_v their_o good_n as_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v no_o better_a mould_n in_o all_o china_n for_o the_o make_n of_o any_o earthen_a ware_n than_o be_v about_o this_o city_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o be_v a_o river_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v mekiang_n which_o signify_v ink-water_n who_o blackness_n it_o much_o resemble_v the_o chineses_n much_o esteem_n of_o the_o fish_n take_v in_o this_o river_n which_o be_v common_o very_o white_a consider_v the_o darkness_n of_o the_o water_n it_o be_v very_o troublesome_a travel_v by_o land_n in_o those_o part_n because_o of_o the_o high_a hill_n and_o rugged_a ascent_n but_o the_o most_o troublesome_a mountain_n of_o all_o to_o travel_v over_o be_v that_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v muglin_n which_o one_o of_o the_o governor_n level_v at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o be_v now_o very_o passable_a either_o for_o horse_n or_o foot_n for_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n erect_v to_o his_o honour_n a_o stately_a temple_n present_v rich_a offering_n and_o costly_a perfume_n to_o the_o idol_n there_o reside_v we_o be_v four_o day_n prepare_v for_o our_o journey_n from_o namhun_v to_o nangan_n because_o of_o the_o troublesome_a and_o almost_o inaccessible_a mountain_n at_o last_o have_v get_v all_o thing_n ready_a we_o set_v forward_o upon_o the_o eight_o instant_a with_o some_o of_o the_o emperor_n present_n but_o before_o we_o begin_v our_o journey_n we_o send_v the_o mandorin_n of_o the_o young_a viceroy_n of_o canton_n before_o to_o provide_v lodging_n and_o other_o necessary_n at_o nangan_n for_o their_o further_a journey_n and_o some_o of_o their_o follower_n be_v order_v to_o stay_v till_o next_o day_n to_o look_v to_o such_o good_n as_o can_v not_o be_v carry_v the_o day_n before_o with_o the_o ambassador_n there_o be_v likewise_o order_v give_v that_o each_o carriage_n shall_v have_v a_o yellow_a flag_n with_o the_o emperor_n and_o ambassador_n name_n write_v upon_o they_o to_o save_v stranger_n inquisition_n and_o for_o their_o great_a ease_n and_o accommodation_n they_o be_v carry_v over_o the_o mountain_n in_o horse-litter_n and_o in_o regard_n the_o way_n be_v dangerous_a and_o much_o molest_v with_o robber_n and_o highwayman_n the_o governor_n appoint_v they_o a_o lifeguard_n of_o 150_o horse_n to_o conduct_v they_o safe_a over_o the_o mountain_n so_o that_o what_o with_o those_o that_o carry_v the_o good_n and_o this_o guard_n we_o make_v a_o regiment_n of_o at_o least_o 600._o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o nine_o such_o as_o be_v leave_v behind_o at_o namhun_v set_v also_o forward_o the_o ambassador_n lodge_v upon_o these_o mountain_n in_o a_o village_n call_v susan_n about_o half_a way_n over_o but_o find_v no_o body_n in_o the_o place_n except_o a_o officer_n with_o some_o soldier_n that_o keep_v watch_n there_o who_o can_v hardly_o furnish_v we_o with_o a_o little_a rice_n hogs-flesh_n and_o strong_a drink_n the_o inhabitant_n have_v forsake_v their_o house_n fright_v by_o the_o hollander_n the_o next_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n they_o take_v horse_n and_o ride_v from_o thence_o and_o about_o noon_n come_v to_o that_o strange_a and_o narrow_a mountain_n which_o lie_v betwixt_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n and_o kiangsi_n and_o separate_v both_o these_o province_n from_o each_o other_o upon_o this_o mountain_n we_o see_v several_a fair_a idol-temple_n very_o curious_o build_v this_o mountain_n though_o no_o better_a than_o a_o wilderness_n yet_o be_v very_o delightful_a by_o reason_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o wood_n and_o valley_n we_o make_v so_o much_o haste_v that_o day_n that_o we_o get_v by_o night_n to_o nangan_n the_o thirteen_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o eight_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v i_o shall_v relate_v unto_o you_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a and_o small_a city_n and_o the_o conâ—dition_n quality_n and_o humour_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n towards_o the_o east_n and_o southeast_n this_o province_n have_v for_o frontier_n the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n and_o foke_v south_n and_o south-west_n quantung_v and_o quangsi_n towards_o the_o west_n fukang_v and_o towards_o the_o north_n nank_v towards_o the_o south_n appear_v in_o this_o province_n mighty_a broad_a and_o high_a hill_n for_o the_o mountain_n of_o three_o province_n as_o kiangsi_n quantung_n and_o fokien_n join_v and_o meet_v all_o in_o one_o here_o and_o upon_o these_o mountain_n live_v a_o wild_a and_o barbarous_a sort_n of_o people_n who_o maintain_v themselves_o most_o by_o plunder_v and_o steal_v from_o the_o chinese_n this_o part_n be_v full_a of_o gold_n silver_n lead_v iron_n and_o tin-mine_n and_o environ_v with_o very_o steep_a mountain_n replenish_v with_o several_a lake_n and_o run_a river_n it_o be_v a_o very_a fruitful_a soil_n and_o exceed_v populous_a insomuch_o that_o the_o province_n be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o contain_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o therefore_o many_o of_o they_o leave_v their_o native_a country_n and_o for_o want_v of_o convenient_a dwelling-place_n seat_v themselves_o in_o other_o part_n of_o china_n where_o they_o use_v some_o mean_a handicraft_n trade_n or_o else_o turn_v soothsayer_n or_o juggler_n to_o which_o they_o be_v natural_o much_o addict_v they_o be_v general_o possess_v with_o a_o belief_n of_o the_o pythagorean_n doctrine_n of_o the_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n for_o they_o hold_v it_o a_o mortal_a sin_n to_o kill_v any_o live_a creature_n or_o to_o eat_v any_o thing_n that_o be_v dead_a in_o this_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n be_v thirteen_o chief_a city_n which_o command_v over_o 67_o small_a one_o and_o through_o the_o midst_n of_o it_o from_o south_n to_o north_n run_v the_o river_n can_v from_o whence_o spring_n several_a navigable_a stream_n so_o that_o you_o may_v take_v ship_n from_o or_o to_o any_o part_n thereof_o the_o thirteen_o principal_a city_n be_v these_o nanchang_n jaocheu_o quanglin_n nankang_v kienkiang_n kienchang_n vucheu_o linkiang_n kiegan_n xuicheu_o juencheu_o cancheu_o and_o nangan_n 1._o nanchang_n command_v over_o seven_o less_o or_o inferior_a city_n as_o nanchang_n fungch_v cinhien_n fungcin_n cinggan_n ning_n and_o nune_v 2._o jaocheu_o command_n also_o over_o seven_o city_n as_o jaocheu_o yukan_n lope_v feuleang_v tehing_n gangin_n and_o vannien_n 3._o quanglin_n command_v likewise_o over_o seven_o city_n as_o quanglin_n joxan_n jeyang_n queiki_n jenxan_n junfung_a and_o hinggan_n 4._o nankang_fw-mi command_v over_o four_o city_n as_o nankang_v tuchang_n kienchang_n and_o gany_n 5._o kieukiang_n command_v over_o five_o city_n as_o kieukiang_n tegan_n xuichang_n hukeu_o and_o pengce_n 6._o kienchang_n command_v also_o over_o five_o city_n as_o kienchang_n sinch_v nanfung_a quanchang_n and_o luki_n 7._o vucheu_o command_v over_o six_o city_n as_o vucheu_o cunggin_n kinki_n yhoang_v logan_n and_o tunghiang_n 8._o linkiang_n command_v over_o four_o city_n as_o linkiang_n sinkin_n sinjin_n and_o hiakiang_n 9_o kiegan_n command_v over_o nine_o city_n as_o kiegan_v taiho_n kiexui_n jungfung_a ganfo_n lungcve_v vangan_n jungsin_n and_o jungn_v 10._o xuicheu_o command_v over_o three_o city_n as_o xuicheu_o xangcao_n and_o sincuang_n 11._o juencheu_o command_v over_o four_o city_n as_o juencheu_o fueny_v pinghiang_n and_o vancai_n 19_o chancheu_o command_v over_o twelve_o city_n as_o chancheu_o utu_fw-la sinfung_a hingque_fw-la hoeichang_n ganynen_n ningtu_fw-la xuikin_n lingnan_n xech_v changn_v and_o tingnan_n 13._o nangan_n command_v over_o four_o city_n as_o nangan_n nankang_v xangyen_n and_o cungy_a according_a to_o the_o chinese_n account_v there_o be_v in_o this_o province_n 1363629_o family_n and_o 6549500_o fight_a men._n thus_o much_o
concern_v the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o great_a and_o small_a city_n i_o shall_v now_o relate_v what_o happen_v in_o our_o travel_n through_o this_o province_n to_o that_o of_o nank_v no_o soon_o be_v the_o ambassador_n arrive_v at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nangan_n but_o a_o gentleman_n be_v immediate_o dispatch_v to_o compliment_v they_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o conduct_v they_o to_o those_o lodging_n which_o be_v provide_v for_o they_o a_o while_n after_o come_v the_o governor_n himself_o with_o some_o other_o person_n of_o great_a quality_n who_o after_o civility_n interchange_v fall_v into_o some_o discourse_n of_o small_a importance_n and_o have_v thus_o spend_v a_o hour_n they_o take_v their_o leaf_n and_o depart_v send_v a_o handsome_a treatment_n that_o night_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o city_n afterward_o come_v to_o we_o two_o tartar_a gentleman_n who_o be_v new_o arrive_v there_o from_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o after_o they_o have_v salute_v the_o ambassador_n they_o tell_v they_o that_o they_o be_v send_v to_o congratulate_v the_o vice-roys_n of_o canton_n upon_o their_o victory_n obtain_v the_o last_o year_n against_o the_o chinese_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n they_o than_o take_v their_o leaf_n and_o depart_v seem_v much_o to_o admire_v the_o large_a and_o tall_a stature_n of_o the_o hollander_n and_o that_o they_o shall_v come_v from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o world_n to_o salute_v their_o emperor_n add_v withal_o that_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n expect_v they_o with_o great_a impatience_n during_o our_o abode_n here_o we_o be_v often_o visit_v and_o receive_v the_o friendly_a salutation_n of_o the_o best_a and_o chief_a of_o the_o city_n the_o ambassador_n be_v here_o very_o much_o trouble_v to_o procure_v vessel_n to_o carry_v they_o to_o nank_v for_o though_o they_o do_v earnest_o insist_v to_o prosecute_v and_o hasten_v their_o journey_n yet_o the_o commissioner_n appoint_v to_o furnish_v they_o with_o boat_n can_v not_o get_v they_o ready_a so_o soon_o as_o he_o desire_v whereupon_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n rate_v he_o with_o such_o bitter_a expression_n that_o take_v it_o to_o heart_n he_o draw_v his_o knife_n and_o will_v certain_o have_v stab_v himself_o have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v by_o one_o of_o the_o mandorin_n servant_n the_o country_n about_o this_o city_n which_o be_v the_o far_a city_n of_o this_o province_n be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a surround_v with_o hill_n and_o mountain_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o fence_n to_o guard_n the_o country_n one_o of_o these_o mountain_n far_o exceed_v the_o rest_n for_o delightfulness_n be_v call_v sihoa_n which_o signify_v a_o place_n of_o pleasure_n this_o city_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o equal_a part_n by_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o river_n change_v which_o be_v situate_a on_o the_o stream_n cause_v great_a trade_n there_o for_o all_o the_o good_n and_o merchandise_n which_o be_v bring_v out_o of_o china_n and_o carry_v to_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n or_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o other_o place_n of_o trade_n which_o lie_v high_o up_o in_o the_o country_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n unlade_v in_o this_o city_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v carry_v to_o other_o part_n by_o land_n or_o water_n the_o south_n part_n of_o this_o city_n be_v close_o build_v with_o several_a goodly_a house_n and_o be_v full_a of_o commerce_n and_o people_n on_o the_o north_n side_n stand_v a_o idol-temple_n very_o curious_o build_v and_o so_o rich_o adorn_v that_o a_o second_o dedalus_n may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v show_v his_o art_n in_o the_o contrivance_n of_o this_o edifice_n however_o in_o bigness_n and_o strength_n this_o city_n stand_v not_o in_o competition_n with_o that_o of_o nanhung_a although_o the_o tartar_n in_o their_o last_o invasion_n be_v more_o favourable_a to_o this_o than_o to_o the_o other_o for_o in_o nangan_n they_o forbear_v to_o destroy_v such_o fabric_n as_o be_v of_o any_o note_n but_o in_o nanhung_a all_o be_v ruin_v beside_o the_o great_a commerce_n and_o traffic_n which_o have_v be_v of_o late_a year_n drive_v here_o have_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o enrich_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o who_o have_v continual_o contribute_v towards_o the_o re-edify_n of_o this_o city_n after_o four_o day_n abide_v in_o this_o city_n the_o ambassador_n embark_v themselves_o with_o all_o their_o follower_n to_o pursue_v their_o voyage_n to_o peking_n from_o the_o city_n of_o canton_n to_o nanhung_a we_o be_v tow_v all_o the_o way_n against_o the_o stream_n by_o track-man_n not_o without_o great_a danger_n of_o shipwreck_n by_o reason_n of_o many_o rock_n that_o lie_v hide_v under_o water_n but_o now_o we_o be_v carry_v down_o with_o the_o stream_n though_o yet_o not_o without_o great_a labour_n and_o danger_n of_o often_o lose_v both_o ship_n and_o good_n the_o river_n can_n run_v here_o as_o swift_a as_o a_o arrow_n from_o the_o bow_n and_o be_v full_a of_o bank_n sands_n and_o shoal_n which_o require_v much_o care_n and_o experience_n in_o the_o mariner_n it_o happen_v in_o this_o passage_n among_o other_o accident_n that_o the_o bark_n in_o which_o jacob_n the_o keizer_n one_o of_o the_o ambassador_n have_v embark_v himself_o with_o the_o present_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n fall_v into_o a_o whirl-pool_n and_o turn_v and_o wind_v among_o unsteady_a eddy_n drive_v at_o last_o on_o a_o hide_a sand_n where_o she_o stick_v fast_o and_o can_v not_o be_v get_v off_o until_o they_o have_v unlade_v she_o they_o than_o perceive_v that_o she_o have_v two_o great_a leak_n in_o her_o hull_n which_o they_o make_v shift_v to_o stop_v put_v the_o good_n aboard_o again_o and_o so_o we_o proceed_v on_o our_o journey_n the_o mandorin_n command_v the_o watermen_n to_o be_v severe_o lash_v with_o a_o thick_a leather_n whip_v and_o the_o master_n himself_o have_v not_o escape_v the_o same_o punishment_n for_o his_o neglect_n if_o the_o ambassador_n have_v not_o intercede_v for_o he_o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 14._o of_o april_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o second_o small_a city_n call_v nankang_v but_o do_v not_o land_n as_o we_o go_v but_o in_o our_o return_n put_v ashore_o this_o nankang_n lie_v upon_o the_o left_a side_n of_o the_o river_n change_v it_o be_v build_v foursquare_a be_v invest_v with_o a_o strong_a wall_n twenty_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o be_v former_o rich_a and_o famous_a for_o commerce_n it_o have_v four_o gate_n each_o about_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o mile_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o this_o city_n be_v total_o subvert_v by_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o last_o war._n on_o the_o river_n side_n stand_v a_o strong_a high_a tower_n the_o structure_n well_o build_v at_o our_o return_n we_o lie_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o nammon_n which_o signify_v the_o south-gate_n from_o whence_o a_o street_n lead_v to_o the_o house_n of_o the_o governor_n and_o at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o street_n stand_v a_o chinese_n triumphal_a arch_n a_o elaborate_a piece_n which_o the_o tartar_n leave_v without_o any_o demolishment_n at_o the_o end_n of_o this_o street_n be_v the_o marketplace_n to_o which_o be_v bring_v daily_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n as_o flesh_n fish_n and_o fruit_n of_o all_o sort_n in_o great_a abundance_n upon_o the_o 15._o we_o come_v to_o cancheu_o the_o twelve_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n where_o we_o take_v up_o our_o lodging_n for_o that_o night_n and_o be_v visit_v aboard_o our_o vessel_n by_o some_o great_a mandorin_n who_o welcome_v we_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o magistrate_n after_o which_o the_o ambassador_n address_v themselves_o to_o the_o great_a tutang_n of_o this_o city_n return_v he_o the_o like_a complimental_a civility_n who_o receive_v they_o with_o singular_a courtesy_n and_o seem_v affection_n and_o conduct_v they_o into_o his_o private_a apartment_n where_o he_o place_v they_o on_o his_o right_a hand_n then_o he_o ask_v they_o several_a question_n concern_v the_o constitution_n of_o holland_n viz._n of_o how_o many_o province_n it_o consist_v and_o how_o remote_a from_o portugal_n how_o long_o their_o present_a government_n have_v be_v establish_v when_o that_o power_n begin_v whether_o they_o be_v all_o of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o religion_n and_o whether_o they_o use_v bead_n in_o their_o ejaculation_n after_o the_o portugese_n manner_n to_o each_o of_o which_o particular_n the_o ambassador_n return_v they_o a_o brief_a and_o satisfactory_a answer_n by_o these_o question_n we_o guess_v what_o a_o near_a community_n and_o commerce_n there_o be_v between_o this_o lord_n and_o the_o portuguese_n and_o we_o be_v likewise_o afterward_o tell_v that_o his_o wife_n have_v be_v baptise_a by_o they_o whilst_o we_o be_v drink_v of_o thea_fw-mi in_o the_o withdrawing-room_n he_o desire_v to_o hear_v
idol_n which_o be_v much_o adore_v by_o the_o chinese_n the_o three_o building_n be_v also_o adorn_v with_o the_o like_a image_n at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o first_o of_o these_o edifice_n on_o the_o right_a side_n stands_z a_o well_o which_o be_v twelve_o pace_n in_o the_o square_a over_o and_o curious_o adorn_v with_o white_a stone_n and_o always_o brim_n full_a of_o water_n the_o chineses_n fancy_n to_o themselves_o wonderful_a story_n from_o this_o idol_n kouja_n and_o the_o well_o believe_v that_o former_o here_o he_o dwell_v and_o in_o his_o life_n be_v very_o charitable_a to_o all_o poor_a people_n dispence_v free_o what_o he_o have_v among_o they_o and_o his_o treasure_n be_v never_o to_o be_v exhaust_v because_o he_o be_v a_o great_a alchemist_n be_v possess_v of_o the_o elixir_n and_o convert_v all_o metal_n into_o gold_n likewise_o they_o imagine_v that_o this_o kouja_n through_o their_o god_n direction_n and_o power_n do_v once_o overcome_v a_o most_o hideous_a dragon_n which_o threaten_v the_o destruction_n of_o this_o city_n which_o he_o afterward_o bind_v to_o a_o iron_n pillar_n and_o fling_v into_o this_o well_o and_o so_o deliver_v the_o inhabitant_n from_o the_o grand_a destroyer_n as_o a_o second_o st._n george_n and_o that_o he_o at_o last_o with_o all_o his_o family_n be_v take_v up_o into_o heaven_n therefore_o these_o idolater_n who_o hold_v this_o for_o a_o good_a and_o holy_a deed_n erect_v this_o temple_n for_o he_o after_o his_o death_n many_o other_o story_n be_v tell_v we_o of_o this_o their_o deity_n most_o of_o the_o other_o rare_a building_n which_o have_v be_v former_o in_o this_o city_n be_v total_o destroy_v by_o the_o tartar_n only_o there_o be_v still_o leave_v stand_v one_o well-built_a tower_n the_o field_n about_o this_o city_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o well_o manure_v which_o furnish_v the_o city_n and_o town_n round_o about_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o provision_n and_o corn._n the_o great_a destruction_n which_o befall_v this_o city_n in_o the_o last_o war_n be_v occasion_v thus_o one_o kiun_n a_o famous_a commander_n bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n be_v make_v governor_n by_o the_o great_a tartar_n cham_n over_o this_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n for_o the_o tartar_n much_o trust_v the_o leaotunger_n because_o they_o lie_v next_o to_o tartary_n but_o this_o kiun_v revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n with_o this_o whole_a province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o own_a one_o junglieu_n for_o emperor_n upon_o the_o 25._o of_o april_n we_o come_v to_o a_o village_n famous_a for_o ship_n call_v ucienjen_n where_o lay_v great_a store_n of_o vessel_n of_o several_a sort_n and_o size_n which_o be_v come_v thither_o from_o all_o part_n of_o china_n to_o lade_v with_o china_n earthen_a ware_n great_a quantity_n whereof_o be_v sell_v in_o this_o village_n which_o lie_v near_o to_o the_o pool_n call_v poyang_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v and_o be_v above_o a_o mile_n long_o it_o be_v a_o place_n full_a of_o trade_n and_o very_o handsome_o build_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o a_o mountain_n near_o this_o place_n stand_v a_o well-built_a idol-temple_n behung_a with_o great_a and_o small_a image_n i_o find_v hang_v also_o in_o this_o temple_n a_o great_a many_o black_a lamp_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n keep_v continual_o burn_a day_n and_o night_n the_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n that_o at_o any_o time_n be_v to_o pass_v over_o this_o pool_n poyang_n offer_v up_o first_o some_o present_a or_o other_o to_o the_o idol_n of_o this_o temple_n for_o a_o safe_a and_o speedy_a passage_n the_o sacrifice_n which_o i_o see_v here_o be_v perform_v after_o this_o manner_n the_o ordinary_a sort_n of_o people_n take_v a_o cock_n but_o the_o rich_a a_o hog_n wherewith_o the_o country_n abound_v which_o they_o bring_v alive_a to_o the_o image_n which_o be_v picture_v in_o a_o most_o terrible_a posture_n and_o there_o they_o cut_v the_o throat_n of_o those_o creature_n and_o with_o the_o warm_a blood_n besprinkle_v the_o claw_n of_o the_o idol_n which_o general_o resemble_v the_o claw_n of_o griffin_n and_o some_o part_n of_o his_o body_n so_o that_o their_o idol_n be_v always_o bedaub_v with_o blood_n on_o purpose_n to_o make_v they_o look_v with_o a_o more_o grim_a aspect_n they_o offer_v up_o likewise_o to_o the_o idol_n the_o foot_n of_o the_o dead_a swine_n and_o the_o spur_n and_o comb_n of_o the_o cock_n the_o rest_n they_o reserve_v for_o themselves_o and_o make_v merry_a therewith_o feast_v in_o honour_n of_o this_o idol_n quite_o through_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o rich_a village_n run_v a_o broad_a street_n full_a of_o shop_n on_o both_o side_n where_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n be_v sell_v but_o the_o chief_a trade_n be_v in_o porcelain_n or_o china_n ware_n which_o be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o village_n tell_v we_o to_o our_o great_a admiration_n that_o there_o be_v no_o better_a porcelain_n make_v in_o all_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n than_o in_o the_o village_n sinktesuno_n which_o lie_v at_o least_o a_o hundred_o miles_n eastward_o from_o hence_o near_o to_o the_o city_n feuleang_v the_o four_o small_a city_n of_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n of_o joacheu_fw-la and_o they_o add_v withal_o which_o increase_v our_o wonder_n that_o they_o do_v not_o fetch_v the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o porcelain_n be_v make_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n wherein_o this_o village_n be_v situate_v but_o from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hoeicheu_fw-la in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v and_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n there_o be_v not_o able_a to_o make_v it_o though_o they_o dig_v the_o earth_n in_o great_a abundance_n because_o they_o know_v not_o how_o to_o temper_v it_o with_o the_o water_n which_o they_o allege_v to_o be_v the_o only_a reason_n why_o they_o can_v not_o attain_v to_o this_o art_n and_o though_o i_o see_v not_o these_o city_n hoiecheu_o and_o jaocheu_fw-la nor_o how_o they_o dig_v this_o soil_n in_o one_o place_n and_o make_v porcelain_n thereof_o in_o another_o yet_o i_o will_v brief_o relate_v to_o you_o what_o account_n be_v give_v i_o by_o person_n of_o credit_n resident_a in_o this_o village_n of_o ucienjen_n the_o earth_n whereof_o this_o porcelain_n be_v make_v be_v dig_v in_o great_a quantity_n out_o of_o the_o mountain_n situate_v near_o the_o chief_a city_n hoeicheu_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v from_o whence_o it_o be_v bring_v in_o foursquare_a clod_n to_o the_o abovementioned_a village_n which_o have_v the_o emperor_n arm_n stamp_v upon_o they_o to_o prevent_v all_o manner_n of_o deceit_n the_o earth_n be_v not_o fat_a like_a clay_n or_o chalk_n but_o like_a to_o our_o fine_a sand_n which_o they_o mingle_v with_o water_n and_o so_o make_v it_o into_o the_o forementioned_a clod_n they_o likewise_o beat_v into_o powder_n the_o break_a china_n dish_n and_o make_v new_a one_o of_o they_o but_o such_o as_o be_v make_v of_o break_a ware_n never_o take_v so_o fine_a a_o colour_n and_o gloss_n as_o those_o which_o be_v make_v of_o fresh_a mould_n the_o earthen_a clod_n which_o be_v thus_o bring_v from_o the_o mountain_n be_v afterward_o frame_v into_o what_o fashion_n they_o please_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o our_o potter_n in_o europe_n form_v their_o earthen_a ware_n upon_o the_o great_a sort_n of_o pot_n which_o be_v make_v of_o this_o earth_n they_o have_v a_o art_n to_o themselves_o to_o paint_v all_o manner_n of_o creature_n flower_n and_o tree_n which_o they_o do_v very_o curious_o only_o with_o indigo_n this_o art_n of_o paint_v upon_o the_o pot_n be_v keep_v so_o private_a and_o secret_a that_o they_o will_v not_o teach_v it_o to_o any_o but_o their_o child_n and_o near_a relation_n wherein_o the_o chineses_n be_v so_o dexterous_a that_o you_o can_v show_v they_o any_o thing_n but_o they_o will_v imitate_v it_o upon_o their_o pot_n and_o dish_n which_o be_v frame_v and_o make_v of_o this_o earth_n be_v first_o dry_v in_o the_o sun_n before_o they_o be_v bake_v in_o the_o oven_n and_o when_o they_o be_v thorough_o dry_v they_o be_v put_v into_o a_o oven_n and_o stop_v very_o close_o there_o bake_v for_o fifteen_o day_n together_o with_o a_o good_a fire_n underneath_o the_o time_n be_v expire_v they_o be_v continue_v in_o the_o oven_n fiften_v day_n more_o without_o any_o fire_n only_o the_o oven_n all_o that_o while_o be_v keep_v close_o stop_v and_o not_o open_v till_o it_o be_v quite_o cold_a for_o if_o they_o shall_v take_v the_o ware_n out_o red_a hot_a it_o will_v endanger_v not_o only_o the_o break_n of_o it_o but_o also_o the_o lose_n of_o the_o gloss._n after_o thirty_o day_n the_o furnace_n be_v open_v in_o the_o presence_n of_o a_o officer_n appoint_v by_o the_o emperor_n to_o take_v a_o
for_o no_o tree_n will_v grow_v in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n they_o boast_v likewise_o of_o store_n of_o windmill_n who_o sail_n be_v make_v of_o mat_n the_o great_a product_n of_o the_o country_n consist_v of_o rice_n which_o the_o peasant_n stand_v oblige_v to_o look_v after_o very_o narrow_o lest_o it_o perish_v upon_o the_o ground_n by_o too_o much_o moisture_n or_o too_o much_o heat_n and_o drought_n so_o that_o their_o eye_n be_v continual_o upon_o the_o crop_n otherwise_o it_o sudden_o wither_v to_o nothing_o or_o a_o small_a increase_n the_o windmill_n therefore_o be_v to_o draw_v out_o the_o water_n in_o a_o moist_a season_n or_o to_o let_v it_o in_o as_o they_o think_v fit_a to_o keep_v their_o hope_n from_o burn_v up_o in_o a_o dry_a and_o hot_a season_n so_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o chinese_n enjoy_v twice_o a_o year_n a_o plentiful_a harvest_n by_o the_o ruin_n of_o the_o wall_n and_o great_a edifice_n this_o city_n appear_v to_o have_v be_v former_o a_o very_a famous_a place_n rich_a and_o populous_a but_o be_v total_o destroy_v in_o the_o late_a war_n by_o the_o tartar_n among_o other_o edifice_n which_o be_v yet_o stand_v be_v a_o most_o famous_a idol-temple_n without_o the_o wall_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n build_v after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o royal_a channel_n run_v quite_o through_o the_o country_n up_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n by_o which_o mean_n they_o water_v their_o ground_n in_o a_o dry_a season_n this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n be_v also_o full_a of_o draining-mill_n to_o be_v use_v upon_o occasion_n upon_o the_o 28._o we_o come_v to_o the_o famous_a sea-town_n of_o hoaigan_n which_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o eight_o capital_a city_n of_o this_o province_n of_o nank_v it_o lie_v on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o royal_a river_n about_o thirty_o english_a mile_n from_o pancien_fw-fr in_o a_o flat_a and_o morish_a soil_n through_o the_o midst_n thereof_o run_v a_o wall_n seem_v to_o make_v two_o distinct_a town_n but_o another_o wall_n which_o surround_v both_o division_n take_v away_o the_o distinction_n and_o render_v it_o one_o entire_a city_n that_o part_n which_o lie_v towards_o the_o south_n be_v call_v hoaigan_n and_o the_o other_o towards_o the_o north-east_n yengehing_n the_o former_a of_o these_o have_v stately_a suburb_n well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o people_n on_o one_o side_n of_o this_o city_n we_o see_v the_o field_n full_a of_o tomb_n and_o grave-stone_n in_o this_o capital_a city_n the_o viceroy_n keep_v his_o court_n in_o great_a splendour_n and_o state_n he_o have_v full_a power_n over_o the_o seven_o southerly_a province_n and_o only_o own_v the_o emperor_n for_o his_o supreme_a head_n his_o office_n be_v to_o look_v after_o the_o grand_a cham_n revenue_n consist_v chief_o in_o provision_n of_o rice_n etc._n etc._n which_o when_o get_v in_o be_v afterward_o transport_v to_o peking_n in_o his_o majesty_n own_o vessel_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n we_o see_v three_o great_a torrent_n of_o water_n the_o first_o of_o which_o and_o near_o to_o the_o river_n hoai_fw-fr be_v very_o dangerous_a and_o by_o its_o inundation_n have_v often_o do_v great_a harm_n to_o prevent_v this_o river_n from_o overflow_a the_o adjacent_a country_n they_o have_v raise_v and_o make_v two_o great_a sluice_n with_o strong_a bank_n on_o both_o side_n which_o confine_v he_o in_o his_o high_a tide_n in_o the_o suburb_n of_o hoaigan_n stand_v two_o toll-house_n in_o the_o one_o the_o custom_n be_v pay_v of_o all_o good_n and_o merchandise_n which_o pass_v this_o way_n in_o the_o other_o of_o the_o ship_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o subject_n and_o with_o some_o part_n of_o this_o money_n they_o maintain_v their_o dikes_n and_o sluice_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n against_o the_o sudden_a and_o violent_a rupture_n of_o water_n though_o this_o city_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o morish_a ground_n yet_o the_o country_n about_o it_o be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o rice_n and_o corn_n the_o city_n be_v well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o wealthy_a citizen_n not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v a_o famous_a mountain_n which_o shoot_v to_o the_o sky_n by_o the_o chinese_n call_v yocheu_fw-la upon_o which_o stand_v a_o stately_a temple_n with_o cloister_n to_o lodge_v those_o who_o daily_o offer_v to_o the_o idol_n of_o the_o place_n the_o chineses_n come_v from_o several_a part_n with_o present_n to_o this_o their_o god_n suppose_v the_o protector_n and_o defender_n of_o their_o country_n this_o province_n of_o nank_v abound_v with_o strange_a mountain_n for_o in_o the_o country_n of_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n fungyang_n near_o the_o seven_o small_a city_n xeu_o upon_o a_o hill_n call_v cukin_n be_v find_v a_o great_a lump_n of_o massy_a gold_n say_v to_o be_v sovereign_a in_o several_a distemper_n some_o will_v have_v it_o because_o this_o gold_n cure_v so_o many_o disease_n that_o chemist_n make_v it_o in_o the_o same_o country_n near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o hintai_n there_o be_v a_o notable_a mountain_n call_v moyang_n and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o shepherdess_n hill_n because_o as_o they_o say_v a_o very_a fair_a virgin_n former_o keep_v her_o flock_n there_o the_o whole_a country_n of_o this_o hoaigan_n have_v several_a river_n run_v through_o it_o and_o be_v also_o replenish_v with_o many_o lake_n among_o other_o pool_n you_o have_v here_o the_o great_a pool_n of_o xeho_n which_o towards_o the_o north_n be_v situate_v next_o to_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n and_o water_n various_a part_n of_o this_o country_n which_o abound_v with_o fish_n towards_o the_o east_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n lie_v also_o a_o great_a pool_n call_v hang_v produce_v great_a store_n of_o reed_n which_o serve_v they_o for_o fire_v wood_n be_v very_o scarce_o through_o the_o whole_a province_n no_o soon_o be_v the_o ambassador_n arrive_v before_o this_o capital_a city_n but_o they_o send_v for_o horse_n palakins_o and_o litter_n to_o go_v and_o salute_v the_o viceroy_n and_o the_o magistrate_n but_o because_o the_o wether_n be_v foul_a the_o governor_n send_v a_o messenger_n to_o the_o ambassador_n to_o thank_v they_o for_o their_o intend_a visit_n desire_v to_o be_v excuse_v from_o give_v they_o the_o like_a trouble_n the_o mandorine_n pinxenton_n according_a to_o his_o wont_a custom_n give_v we_o a_o very_a noble_a dinner_n upon_o that_o day_n in_o the_o evening_n come_v father_n gascomer_n a_o jesuit_n who_o live_v in_o the_o city_n to_o salute_v the_o ambassador_n aboard_o their_o vessel_n and_o to_o bid_v they_o welcome_a into_o those_o part_n he_o be_v very_o pleasant_a and_o civil_a but_o do_v so_o admire_v at_o our_o arrival_n as_o if_o we_o have_v drop_v out_o of_o the_o sky_n be_v very_o inquisitive_a to_o know_v whither_o we_o be_v bind_v and_o upon_o what_o account_n we_o come_v thither_o the_o ambassador_n show_v themselves_o courteous_a and_o civil_a to_o he_o give_v he_o a_o handsome_a entertainment_n for_o his_o visit._n he_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o very_a open-hearted_n person_n and_o make_v protestation_n of_o a_o particular_a inclination_n and_o affection_n to_o our_o nation_n offer_v the_o ambassador_n his_o house_n if_o they_o please_v to_o accept_v thereof_o or_o any_o other_o service_n he_o can_v do_v they_o he_o give_v they_o likewise_o dark_o to_o understand_v that_o upon_o their_o request_n and_o desire_n of_o free_a trade_n in_o china_n or_o any_o thing_n else_o they_o will_v meet_v with_o great_a opposition_n at_o peking_n from_o the_o portuguese_n who_o will_v do_v their_o utmost_a to_o hinder_v it_o as_o we_o find_v afterward_o in_o the_o sequel_n of_o our_o business_n the_o ambassador_n be_v very_o thankful_a to_o this_o good_a father_n for_o his_o kind_n and_o faithful_a admonition_n who_o thereupon_o take_v leave_v wish_v we_o a_o prosperous_a voyage_n we_o stay_v not_o long_o in_o this_o city_n but_o depart_v the_o next_o day_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o in_o our_o passage_n we_o see_v on_o both_o side_n luxurious_a field_n well_o manure_v as_o likewise_o a_o great_a company_n of_o small_a boat_n lie_v up_o and_o down_o in_o this_o royal_a channel_n about_o sunset_n we_o come_v to_o a_o famous_a village_n call_v siampu_n at_o the_o entrance_n whereof_o lie_v a_o very_a great_a sluice_n through_o which_o we_o pass_v this_o village_n be_v situate_v betwixt_o the_o royal_a channel_n and_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o be_v of_o a_o very_a great_a length_n handsome_o adorn_v with_o temple_n and_o fair_a house_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o water_n it_o have_v some_o privilege_n belong_v to_o it_o as_o also_o a_o toll-house_n where_o the_o toll-master_n appoint_v by_o the_o emperor_n reside_v to_o receive_v toll_n of_o all_o such_o good_n and_o vessel_n which_o pass_v out_o
come_v aboard_o in_o great_a state_n to_o bid_v we_o welcome_n upon_o this_o their_o friendly_a reception_n and_o entertainment_n we_o go_v ashore_o where_o on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o city_n we_o see_v five_o old_a triumphal_a arch_n through_o which_o we_o pass_v the_o city_n be_v both_o handsome_o build_v and_o well_o people_v be_v also_o environ_v with_o a_o old_a high_a wall_n the_o governor_n lady_n send_v a_o soldier_n to_o i_o and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o follower_n desire_v we_o to_o come_v to_o she_o we_o be_v conduct_v into_o a_o very_a large_a parlour_n where_o she_o like_o a_o goddess_n be_v expect_v our_o come_n attend_v by_o several_a tartar_n lady_n in_o very_o rich_a habit_n but_o she_o exceed_v they_o all_o for_o beauty_n and_o gallantry_n on_o her_o left_a hand_n stand_v a_o stately_a alchove_n upon_o which_o she_o cause_v i_o to_o sit_v down_o and_o acquaint_v she_o with_o the_o character_n of_o holland_n concern_v which_o she_o ask_v i_o several_a question_n to_o all_o which_o i_o return_v my_o answer_n with_o much_o freedom_n wherewith_o she_o seem_v very_o well_o please_v the_o same_o day_n we_o depart_v from_o sanglo_n and_o come_v in_o the_o evening_n to_o the_o village_n of_o tonnau_n situate_v over_o against_o a_o strong_a castle_n guard_v by_o a_o great_a garrison_n of_o tartar_n the_o house_n of_o this_o place_n be_v build_v of_o mud_n and_o dirt_n fit_a for_o dog-kennel_n than_o for_o people_n to_o inhabit_v in_o yet_o fit_a enough_o for_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o be_v of_o a_o sordid_a nature_n and_o very_o loose_a and_o uncivil_a deserve_v no_o better_o they_o live_v by_o pilfer_v and_o steal_v from_o one_o another_o and_o none_o escape_v plunder_v that_o pass_v that_o way_n without_o a_o guard_n to_o defend_v themselves_o from_o their_o violence_n upon_o the_o three_o of_o july_n we_o come_v to_o the_o small_a city_n of_o sinkicien_n which_o for_o brevity_n some_o call_v ce_v the_o seven_o small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n hokien_n lie_v also_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n in_o a_o flat_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n and_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o sanglo_n this_o place_n be_v not_o very_o large_a yet_o full_a of_o people_n and_o trade_n as_o most_o of_o the_o city_n be_v which_o lie_n upon_o this_o river_n several_a famous_a edifice_n which_o be_v yet_o stand_v in_o and_o about_o this_o city_n clear_o evidence_n that_o this_o be_v former_o a_o most_o stately_a and_o magnificent_a place_n the_o country_n round_o about_o lie_v low_a and_o flat_a but_o very_o fruitful_a it_o abound_v with_o store_n of_o tame_a cattle_n and_o fish_n in_o respect_n of_o the_o several_a river_n which_o run_v through_o it_o there_o be_v very_o few_o hill_n in_o all_o this_o country_n of_o hokien_n to_o which_o this_o ce_n be_v subject_a only_o there_o be_v one_o not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n though_o the_o city_n itself_o lie_v upon_o a_o flat_a worthy_a the_o observation_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n si._n the_o top_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v a_o delightful_a plain_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fruitfulness_n they_o high_o esteem_v extend_v itself_o to_o a_o very_a great_a length_n upon_o which_o lie_v a_o small_a village_n inhabit_v only_o by_o cow-herd_n and_o husbandman_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o four_o of_o july_n we_o sail_v by_o the_o small_a city_n of_o sinkocien_n the_o eight_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o same_o chief_a city_n and_o situate_v about_o eight_o mile_n from_o sinkicien_n this_o be_v a_o small_a place_n but_o very_o strong_a have_v several_a watch-tower_n and_o bulwark_n for_o its_o defence_n it_o be_v not_o populous_a nor_o have_v any_o great_a trade_n though_o adorn_v with_o some_o brave_a building_n but_o most_o of_o the_o house_n belong_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v very_o mean_a and_o little_a within_o the_o wall_n be_v several_a temple_n which_o be_v a_o exceed_a ornament_n to_o the_o place_n but_o one_o which_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n in_o a_o open_a field_n exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o bigness_n beauty_n and_o art_n this_o building_n indeed_o be_v so_o rare_a a_o piece_n that_o we_o may_v well_o admire_v their_o wondrous_a skill_n in_o architecture_n which_o they_o boast_v of_o former_o the_o whole_a fabric_n consist_v of_o three_o round_n the_o low_a part_n whereof_o stand_v upon_o a_o pedestal_n of_o stone_n into_o which_o you_o ascend_v by_o step_n the_o first_o be_v adorn_v with_o great_a gate_n and_o each_o corner_n support_v with_o most_o curious_a column_n and_o pillar_n the_o second_o round_n have_v stately_a window_n and_o large_a pillar_n like_o the_o first_o by_o which_o the_o roof_n be_v also_o support_v the_o three_o be_v likewise_o beautify_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n the_o whole_a building_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v adorn_v with_o fretwork_n and_o at_o each_o corner_n hang_v little_a bell_n the_o inside_n of_o this_o fane_n seem_v not_o so_o beautiful_a as_o the_o outward_a decoration_n of_o the_o wall_n thereof_o be_v only_o hang_v with_o great_a and_o small_a image_n through_o the_o whole_a country_n as_o well_o temple_n as_o dwelling-house_n pay_v extraordinary_a great_a tax_n which_o do_v exceed_o lessen_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o priest_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o idolater_n here_o so_o far_o as_o we_o can_v by_o the_o outward_a show_n judge_n of_o they_o be_v nothing_o near_o so_o devout_a in_o the_o worship_n of_o image_n as_o those_o in_o other_o part_n for_o in_o some_o place_n we_o see_v their_o idol_n whole_o desert_v and_o leave_v quite_o naked_a without_o any_o ornament_n upon_o they_o other_o be_v only_o cover_v with_o mat_n and_o have_v straw_n hat_n upon_o their_o head_n so_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o injury_n of_o the_o wether_n and_o make_v they_o hold_v out_o and_o last_v the_o long_o towards_o night_n set_v sail_n we_o see_v a_o strange_a uproar_v among_o the_o people_n who_o be_v all_o up_o in_o arm_n and_o have_v divide_v themselves_o into_o several_a troop_n to_o defend_v their_o country_n against_o the_o grasshopper_n which_o occasion_n oftentimes_o a_o very_a great_a dearth_n and_o scarcity_n these_o creature_n come_v once_o a_o year_n about_o that_o time_n when_o we_o be_v there_o with_o a_o easterly_a wind_n in_o such_o mighty_a swarm_n or_o squadron_n that_o they_o devour_v all_o they_o meet_v with_o and_o that_o in_o a_o few_o hour_n leave_v the_o field_n utter_o dismantle_v to_o prevent_v these_o invader_n and_o sweep-clean_a plunderer_n the_o inhabitant_n march_v to_o and_o again_o through_o the_o field_n with_o their_o colour_n and_o ensign_n fly_v shout_a and_o hollow_v all_o the_o way_n they_o go_v by_o which_o mean_v these_o destroyer_n be_v keep_v from_o fix_v and_o do_v such_o execution_n upon_o their_o grain_n and_o thus_o the_o peasant_n continual_o endeavour_v to_o preserve_v their_o labour_n and_o product_n who_o otherwise_o will_v certain_o lose_v the_o whole_a benefit_n of_o their_o harvest_n for_o that_o year_n they_o never_o leave_v they_o when_o they_o see_v a_o party_n come_v till_o they_o have_v drive_v they_o into_o the_o sea_n or_o some_o river_n where_o they_o fall_v down_o and_o be_v drown_v and_o so_o it_o happen_v that_o they_o drive_v a_o fly_a regiment_n so_o long_o till_o they_o fall_v down_o upon_o our_o head_n and_o our_o vessel_n be_v cover_v with_o they_o which_o we_o afterward_o fling_v into_o the_o river_n the_o same_o day_n we_o arrive_v at_o the_o seaport_n of_o tiencienwey_n account_v for_o the_o most_o famous_a sea-town_n of_o all_o china_n their_o chief_a harbour_n be_v three_o the_o first_o be_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n or_o quancheu_fw-la situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n the_o second_o jejencien_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v and_o the_o three_o tiencienwey_n situate_a upon_o the_o utmost_a confine_v towards_o the_o east_n of_o this_o province_n of_o peking_n near_o to_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n cang_v in_o a_o corner_n where_o three_o river_n of_o this_o province_n meet_v and_o upon_o which_o stand_v a_o strong_a fortress_n the_o country_n round_o about_o be_v very_o low_a and_o marshy_a the_o city_n of_o tiencienwey_n itself_o lie_v thirty_o mile_n from_o singlo_n build_v also_o with_o strong_a wall_n twenty_o five_o foot_n high_a full_a of_o watch-tower_n and_o bulwark_n and_o the_o place_n much_o set_v forth_o with_o temple_n very_o populous_a and_o so_o full_a of_o trade_n that_o hardly_o the_o like_a commerce_n be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o city_n in_o all_o china_n for_o whatsoever_o vessel_n be_v bind_v for_o peking_n from_o any_o other_o part_n of_o china_n must_v touch_v here_o which_o occasion_n a_o extraordinary_a traffic_n to_o ship_n which_o lie_n continual_o before_o this_o city_n here_o be_v also_o the_o
make_v so_o much_o speed_v that_o day_n that_o before_o sunset_n we_o get_v beyond_o the_o eastern_a island_n of_o maccao_n upon_o the_o four_o instant_a we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o northern_a mountain_n of_o aynam_n which_o lie_v about_o six_o mile_n north-west_n from_o we_o upon_o the_o 21._o of_o march_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o island_n linga_fw-mi situate_v upon_o the_o coast_n of_o sumatra_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n we_o spy_v a_o sail_n whereupon_o we_o man_v out_o our_o boat_n to_o discover_v what_o she_o be_v and_o whence_o she_o come_v by_o who_o we_o understand_v that_o it_o be_v our_o bloemandael_n which_o have_v lose_v we_o by_o the_o way_n so_o we_o join_v together_o and_o steer_v our_o course_n south-west_n upon_o the_o 24._o we_o come_v into_o the_o straight_a banca_n between_o the_o great_a island_n borneo_n and_o sumatra_n and_o upon_o the_o 26._o we_o pass_v by_o the_o island_n lucipara_n and_o so_o through_o the_o abovementioned_a narrow_a on_o the_o last_o of_o march_n we_o arrive_v in_o our_o long-desired_a harbour_n of_o batavia_n after_o we_o have_v spend_v twenty_o month_n and_o six_o day_n in_o this_o tedious_a and_o expensive_a voyage_n the_o ambassador_n immediate_o go_v ashore_o to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o governor-general_n and_o the_o council_n of_o india_n of_o their_o transaction_n in_o this_o their_o voyage_n to_o and_o from_o peking_n and_o to_o inform_v they_o what_o ill_a success_n they_o have_v in_o their_o business_n with_o the_o emperor_n there_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o endeavour_n and_o the_o rich_a present_v they_o have_v give_v as_o well_o to_o the_o emperor_n himself_o as_o to_o the_o mandorin_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o grandee_n of_o his_o court_n the_o value_n of_o these_o present_v amount_v in_o the_o whole_a to_o 5555_o l._n 1_o s._n 7_o d._n sterling_n and_o the_o expense_n of_o our_o expedition_n forward_o and_o backward_o come_v to_o 4327_o l._n 10_o d._n sterling_n which_o together_o amount_v to_o the_o sum_n of_o 9882_o l._n 2_o s._n 5_o d._n sterling_n and_o for_o all_o these_o present_n and_o great_a trouble_n of_o so_o dangerous_a and_o long_o travel_v we_o effect_v nothing_o else_o but_o that_o the_o hollander_n be_v receive_v as_o friend_n by_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o may_v return_v eight_o year_n hence_o to_o salute_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n according_a to_o the_o content_n of_o the_o forementioned_a letter_n which_o the_o great_a cham_n write_v to_o the_o governor-general_n at_o batavia_n and_o though_o through_o the_o mean_n and_o design_n of_o the_o portuguese_a jesuit_n as_o have_v be_v often_o mention_v our_o business_n do_v not_o succeed_v with_o the_o emperor_n according_a to_o our_o wish_n yet_o we_o hope_v that_o in_o a_o short_a time_n and_o before_o the_o date_n of_o eight_o year_n shall_v be_v expire_v something_o will_v be_v do_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o our_o traffic_n by_o send_v a_o few_o more_o present_n to_o the_o emperor_n which_o several_a of_o the_o grandee_n of_o peking_n do_v more_o than_o hint_n to_o our_o ambassador_n beside_o the_o great_a cham_fw-mi have_v war_n with_o that_o arch-pyrate_n coxinga_fw-mi if_o we_o shall_v but_o propose_v to_o assist_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n with_o our_o ship_n for_o the_o subdue_a of_o the_o say_a pirate_n i_o make_v no_o doubt_n but_o he_o will_v quick_o consent_v to_o give_v we_o a_o free_a trade_n in_o his_o dominion_n among_o so_o many_o alteration_n happen_v since_o our_o departure_n we_o understand_v at_o our_o arrival_n with_o great_a joy_n that_o the_o strong_a city_n of_o columbo_n in_o the_o island_n of_o ceylon_n be_v fall_v into_o our_o hand_n by_o the_o conduct_n and_o courage_n of_o the_o general_n dirck_n hulft_v who_o command_v over_o those_o force_n that_o be_v send_v to_o subdue_v it_o this_o valiant_a commander_n be_v unfortunate_o slay_v in_o a_o assault_n make_v by_o he_o upon_o the_o say_a city_n which_o be_v perceive_v by_o his_o courageous_a soldier_n they_o fall_v on_o with_o so_o much_o fury_n that_o they_o will_v not_o be_v satisfy_v for_o the_o loss_n of_o their_o commander_n with_o any_o thing_n less_o than_o the_o take_n of_o the_o town_n which_o be_v soon_o after_o deliver_v up_o to_o they_o upon_o term_n how_o great_a a_o advantage_n this_o will_v prove_v to_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o east-india_n company_n any_o one_o may_v easy_o guess_v if_o they_o do_v but_o know_v that_o from_o this_o place_n come_v the_o best_a cinnamon_n we_o likewise_o understand_v that_o the_o troublesome_a and_o contentious_a business_n in_o amboyna_n which_o threaten_v this_o place_n with_o great_a danger_n be_v accommodate_v and_o reconcile_v through_o the_o wise_a management_n of_o arnold_n de_fw-mi ulaming_z so_o that_o one_o may_v live_v free_o and_o peaceable_o there_o and_o drive_v their_o trade_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n as_o former_o last_o we_o be_v inform_v that_o the_o bantam_n javaner_n be_v grow_v weary_a of_o the_o war_n and_o seek_v to_o live_v in_o peace_n with_o the_o hollander_n which_o will_v high_o make_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o our_o east-india_n company_n i_o have_v treat_v thus_o far_o in_o short_a concern_v what_o happen_v upon_o our_o travel_n forward_o and_o backward_o to_o the_o emperor_n court_n at_o peking_n wherein_o to_o my_o knowledge_n i_o have_v not_o in_o the_o least_o say_v any_o thing_n contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n and_o as_o i_o begin_v in_o give_v a_o description_n in_o short_a of_o the_o whole_a empire_n for_o as_o much_o as_o concern_v the_o country_n itself_o so_o i_o conceive_v it_o not_o improper_a for_o a_o more_o full_a and_o perfect_a knowledge_n of_o all_o china_n to_o continue_v my_o relation_n of_o the_o government_n letter_n learning_n manner_n custom_n fashion_n and_o modes_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n creature_n beast_n herb_n fruit_n war_n and_o peace_n in_o this_o vast_a dominion_n of_o china_n finis_fw-la a_o general_n description_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n chap._n i._n of_o the_o government_n and_o several_a chief_a officer_n in_o china_n our_o statist_n in_o europe_n and_o most_o else_o that_o follow_v science_n and_o literature_n be_v not_o ignorant_a in_o the_o least_o of_o the_o three_o form_n of_o government_n viz._n that_o of_o monarcy_n or_o the_o absolute_a power_n of_o a_o single_a person_n aristocracy_n be_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o noble_n and_o democracy_n the_o sway_n of_o the_o multitude_n now_o the_o kingdom_n or_o empire_n of_o china_n have_v be_v govern_v from_o age_n to_o age_n in_o a_o series_n or_o long_a prescription_n of_o time_n out_o of_o mind_n by_o a_o single_a person_n the_o supreme_a authority_n be_v always_o monarchical_a for_o both_o the_o power_n of_o the_o noble_n and_o that_o of_o the_o populacy_n be_v so_o altogether_o unknown_a to_o the_o chinese_n that_o we_o have_v a_o difficult_a task_n when_o we_o be_v at_o peking_n to_o make_v they_o understand_v what_o our_o government_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n be_v and_o what_o be_v our_o high_a and_o mighty_a lord_n the_o state_n general_n the_o emperor_n of_o china_n command_v over_o the_o life_n and_o estate_n of_o all_o his_o subject_n he_o alone_o be_v the_o supreme_a head_n and_o governor_n so_o that_o the_o chinese_n government_n be_v absolute_o monarchical_a the_o crown_n descend_v from_o father_n to_o son_n and_o for_o want_v of_o issue-male_n it_o come_v to_o the_o next_o of_o blood_n the_o elder_a son_n first_o resume_v the_o paternal_a throne_n only_o we_o read_v that_o two_o or_o three_o king_n in_o old_a time_n disinherit_v their_o child_n be_v hold_v unfit_a to_o govern_v and_o put_v the_o sceptre_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o stranger_n no_o way_n relate_v to_o they_o it_o have_v also_o often_o happen_v that_o the_o subject_n have_v by_o force_n wrest_v the_o government_n out_o of_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o lawful_a prince_n for_o be_v too_o severe_a harsh_a and_o cruel_a in_o his_o reign_n and_o confer_v it_o on_o one_o more_o agreeable_a to_o their_o humour_n who_o they_o have_v acknowledge_v for_o their_o lawful_a prince_n yet_o herein_o be_v the_o chineses_n to_o be_v commend_v that_o many_o among_o they_o have_v rather_o die_v honourable_o than_o sweat_n fidelity_n to_o any_o prince_n that_o get_v the_o crown_n by_o force_n of_o arm_n have_v no_o just_a title_n to_o the_o same_o for_o they_o have_v a_o proverb_n among_o they_o that_o a_o honest_a woman_n can_v marry_v two_o husband_n nor_o a_o faithful_a subject_n serve_v two_o lord_n when_o the_o heir_n which_o general_o be_v the_o elder_a son_n come_v to_o the_o crown_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o child_n be_v treat_v with_o royal_a dignity_n and_o honour_n but_o they_o must_v not_o use_v any_o regal_a authority_n the_o king_n allot_v to_o each_o of_o they_o a_o city_n with_o a_o royal_a palace_n where_o he_o
call_v chayven_v the_o first_o have_v a_o superintendent_n power_n over_o the_o other_o magistrate_n and_o subject_n command_v the_o soldiery_n and_o be_v concern_v in_o all_o the_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o reason_n whereof_o he_o be_v not_o inferior_a to_o the_o great_a vice-roys_n in_o europe_n either_o for_o power_n or_o pomp._n he_o continue_v three_o year_n in_o the_o employment_n and_o all_o that_o time_n have_v constant_o courier_n go_v to_o and_o come_v from_o court_n and_o this_o because_o he_o must_v daily_o give_v a_o account_n of_o what_o pass_v in_o his_o province_n at_o his_o first_o go_v from_o court_n several_a person_n of_o great_a quality_n who_o also_o be_v of_o his_o council_n be_v send_v to_o wait_v upon_o he_o to_o his_o palace_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o city_n and_o town_n through_o which_o he_o pass_v go_v out_o to_o meet_v he_o with_o great_a respect_n and_o accompany_v he_o good_a part_n of_o his_o way_n both_o on_o horseback_n and_o on_o foot_n with_o great_a honour_n and_o reverence_n at_o length_n when_o he_o be_v arrive_v within_o three_o mile_n of_o the_o capital_a city_n wherein_o he_o be_v to_o make_v his_o residence_n the_o garrison_n of_o the_o place_n excellent_o accommodate_v meet_v he_o to_o guard_v and_o conduct_v he_o after_o who_o follow_v the_o magistrate_n with_o the_o chief_a citizen_n the_o office_n of_o the_o second_o call_v chayven_v which_o signify_v a_o examiner_n be_v likewise_o a_o place_n of_o great_a trust_n and_o command_n but_o as_o be_v say_v expire_v with_o the_o year_n this_o officer_n receive_v so_o large_a a_o commission_n from_o the_o emperor_n that_o he_o may_v supervise_v and_o inspect_v all_o manner_n of_o affair_n as_o well_o civil_a as_o military_a and_o this_o he_o do_v give_v a_o account_n thereof_o to_o the_o emperor_n who_o thereupon_o immediate_o send_v he_o further_o order_n what_o to_o do_v therein_o he_o alone_o among_o all_o the_o magistrate_n cause_n the_o sentence_n 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be_v join_v two_o assistant_n who_o both_o reside_v in_o his_o palace_n and_o he_o have_v under_o he_o twenty_o six_o mandorin_n who_o be_v employ_v in_o several_a office_n he_o receive_v and_o take_v a_o account_n of_o all_o the_o toll_v imposition_n and_o royal_a tax_n take_v a_o special_a care_n of_o all_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o determine_v all_o cause_n and_o difference_n that_o arise_v about_o the_o emperor_n revenue_n he_o be_v the_o person_n that_o pay_v all_o salary_n wage_n and_o annuity_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o the_o magistrate_n the_o emperor_n kindred_n or_o soldier_n and_o likewise_o disburse_v all_o money_n to_o be_v lay_v out_o for_o repair_v of_o bridge_n street_n and_o common_a edifice_n such_o as_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o mandorin_n the_o four_o council_n be_v begin_v cha_n sci_n who_o business_n be_v to_o inflict_v or_o pass_v sentence_n for_o corporal_a punishment_n the_o fifth-council_n take_v care_n to_o improve_v and_o reward_v learning_n and_o knowledge_n and_o thus_o i_o have_v give_v you_o a_o account_n of_o the_o several_a sort_n of_o rix-council_n in_o china_n but_o before_o i_o conclude_v with_o their_o method_n of_o government_n it_o will_v be_v worth_a our_o labour_n to_o make_v some_o mention_n of_o the_o strange_a and_o unusual_a custom_n use_v among_o they_o which_o other_o nation_n have_v hardly_o hear_v of_o and_o first_o of_o all_o it_o be_v very_o observable_a that_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v sway_v by_o philosopher_n to_o who_o not_o only_o the_o people_n but_o the_o grandee_n of_o the_o court_n yield_v a_o awful_a reverence_n insomuch_o that_o they_o submit_v with_o all_o humility_n to_o receive_v correction_n from_o they_o as_o child_n from_o a_o master_n by_o these_o philosopher_n be_v all_o military_a affair_n order_v over_o which_o they_o be_v appoint_v as_o overseer_n and_o their_o counsel_n and_o opinion_n make_v great_a impression_n upon_o the_o emperor_n than_o all_o the_o most_o admirable_a 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present_n upon_o all_o occasion_n for_o the_o continuation_n of_o this_o so_o well_o knit_v correspondence_n and_o yet_o notwithstanding_o this_o constant_a and_o strict_a amity_n the_o inferior_a magistrate_n never_o speak_v to_o the_o chief_a minister_n of_o state_n but_o upon_o their_o knee_n and_o that_o with_o singular_a civility_n and_o profound_a respect_n with_o like_a respect_n and_o submissive_a carriage_n the_o subject_n behave_v themselves_o to_o the_o governor_n and_o ruler_n of_o city_n three_o no_o person_n continue_v in_o office_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n long_o than_o three_o year_n unless_o he_o be_v confirm_v anew_o by_o the_o emperor_n which_o happen_v very_o seldom_o because_o as_o every_o man_n merit_v by_o his_o upright_a carriage_n and_o deportment_n he_o be_v still_o advance_v to_o high_a and_o more_o noble_a promotion_n and_o certain_o this_o be_v do_v upon_o great_a and_o political_a reason_n of_o state_n as_o to_o prevent_v any_o such_o governor_n from_o contract_v near_o friendship_n with_o the_o inhabitant_n whereby_o to_o draw_v their_o affection_n to_o a_o by-interest_n on_o his_o part_n to_o undertake_v faction_n or_o novelty_n against_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n for_o the_o better_a bring_v to_o pass_v whereof_o all_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o province_n division_n and_o city_n be_v bind_v to_o appear_v every_o three_o year_n at_o the_o emperor_n court_n to_o do_v homage_n and_o obedience_n to_o he_o at_o which_o time_n a_o strict_a account_n be_v take_v of_o their_o carriage_n and_o behaviour_n in_o their_o several_a place_n and_o after_o a_o through_o examination_n of_o all_o matter_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n determine_v who_o be_v fit_a to_o be_v continue_v who_o to_o be_v cashier_v who_o to_o be_v prefer_v and_o last_o who_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o this_o without_o any_o respect_n of_o person_n likewise_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o power_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o make_v any_o alteration_n in_o what_o be_v conclude_v by_o the_o council_n and_o judge_n upon_o this_o examination_n which_o be_v so_o severe_a and_o impartial_a that_o for_o the_o most_o part_n only_o the_o great_a person_n offend_v be_v punish_v and_o to_o this_o purpose_n we_o read_v that_o in_o the_o year_n 1607._o so_o strict_a a_o examination_n be_v make_v that_o four_o thousand_o principal_a magistrate_n who_o have_v misbehave_v themselves_o receive_v reward_n just_o due_a to_o their_o demerit_n the_o person_n so_o condemn_v be_v divide_v according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o their_o crime_n into_o five_o rank_n under_o the_o first_o be_v comprehend_v such_o as_o take_v bribe_n and_o enrich_v themselves_o out_o of_o the_o emperor_n treasury_n these_o be_v turn_v out_o be_v for_o ever_o make_v incapable_a of_o bear_v any_o public_a office_n under_o the_o second_o rank_n be_v set_v down_o those_o who_o be_v too_o cruel_a in_o their_o punishment_n these_o be_v likewise_o turn_v out_o of_o their_o place_n and_o send_v home_o
but_o how_o ancient_a soever_o it_o be_v they_o use_v quite_o another_o manner_n and_o method_n therein_o than_o the_o european_n for_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o character_n they_o be_v enforce_v to_o cut_v they_o upon_o a_o smooth_a board_n make_v of_o pear-tree_n or_o appletree_n upon_o this_o board_n they_o paste_v the_o write_n that_o be_v to_o be_v print_v scrape_v the_o paper_n so_o long_o when_o it_o be_v dry_a till_o the_o character_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o thinness_n begin_v to_o appear_v through_o and_o last_o of_o all_o they_o bear_v the_o board_n with_o a_o iron_n that_o only_o the_o stroke_n of_o the_o character_n be_v leave_v stand_v this_o do_v they_o print_v with_o this_o board_n the_o write_n which_o stand_v already_o engrave_v upon_o it_o upon_o other_o clean_a sheet_n but_o with_o so_o much_o ease_n and_o quickness_n that_o one_o man_n be_v able_a to_o print_v five_o thousand_o sheet_n in_o a_o day_n and_o in_o the_o bore_v of_o the_o board_n 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notwithstanding_o which_o they_o brag_v very_o much_o of_o their_o sweet_a voice_n which_o haply_o to_o their_o ear_n accustom_a thereto_o may_v seem_v pleasant_a but_o sure_o i_o be_o to_o we_o they_o be_v both_o harsh_a and_o untuneable_a they_o have_v very_o few_o dial_n or_o justrument_n to_o show_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n and_o such_o as_o they_o have_v be_v make_v to_o operate_v by_o the_o mean_n of_o water_n or_o fire_n those_o which_o show_v the_o hour_n with_o water_n bear_v a_o kind_n of_o resemblance_n to_o some_o great_a hour-glass_n for_o their_o shape_n but_o such_o as_o show_v the_o hour_n by_o mean_n of_o fire_n be_v make_v of_o perfume_a ash_n they_o have_v some_o other_o kind_n of_o instrument_n among_o they_o to_o know_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n by_o somewhat_o like_o our_o clock_n with_o wheel_n and_o they_o be_v make_v to_o turn_v with_o sand_n as_o wheel_n of_o mill_n with_o water_n but_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v to_o our_o clock_n in_o 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eye_n and_o pull_v they_o out_o at_o their_o nose_n one_o i_o see_v creep_v into_o a_o narrow_a basket_n while_o his_o comrade_n run_v thereat_o with_o his_o sword_n so_o fierce_o that_o he_o pierce_v it_o through_o whereupon_o the_o blood_n run_v down_o as_o if_o the_o fellow_n therein_o have_v be_v wound_v in_o several_a place_n but_o immediate_o come_v forth_o it_o be_v evident_a he_o have_v receive_v no_o hurt_n at_o all_o the_o people_n of_o china_n be_v great_a lover_n of_o seal_n and_o coat_n of_o arm_n wherewith_o they_o not_o only_o seal_v their_o letter_n but_o make_v impression_n upon_o all_o manner_n of_o write_n verse_n picture_n and_o other_o thing_n but_o upon_o these_o seal_n be_v no_o device_n as_o among_o the_o gentry_n and_o nobility_n of_o europe_n neither_o any_o thing_n beside_o the_o name_n surname_n degree_n and_o quality_n of_o the_o proprietor_n and_o to_o make_v the_o impression_n they_o neither_o use_v wax_n nor_o any_o thing_n like_o it_o but_o only_o colour_v it_o with_o a_o certain_a red_a paint_n to_o which_o end_n the_o chief_a person_n in_o china_n have_v a_o box_n of_o these_o seal_n always_o stand_v upon_o a_o table_n upon_o which_o be_v engrave_v several_a name_n every_o chinese_n appropriate_v to_o himself_o divers_a denomination_n these_o sigil_n or_o signet_n be_v either_o engrave_v in_o the_o best_a and_o rich_a sort_n of_o wood_n or_o else_o in_o marble_n ebony_n copper_n crystal_n or_o the_o like_a for_o the_o perform_v thereof_o there_o be_v several_a engraver_n very_o skilful_a in_o this_o art_n who_o be_v much_o respect_v by_o the_o people_n among_o who_o they_o carry_v the_o repute_n of_o learned_a men._n there_o be_v not_o in_o this_o country_n any_o swarm_v of_o writer_n but_o such_o as_o do_v write_v be_v esteem_v artist_n of_o the_o best_a qualification_n their_o ink_n be_v make_v of_o certain_a hard_a cake_n which_o when_o they_o will_v make_v use_n of_o they_o rub_v upon_o a_o smooth_a marble_n stone_n with_o a_o few_o drop_n of_o water_n till_o the_o colour_n come_v off_o into_o which_o they_o dip_v their_o write_a pencil_n be_v make_v of_o hair_n and_o fair_o appropriate_v to_o the_o write_n of_o the_o chinese_n character_n and_o the_o make_n of_o these_o pencil_n but_o especial_o of_o the_o ink_n be_v among_o all_o there_o repute_v a_o particular_a and_o ingenious_a call_v other_o handicraft-trade_n there_o be_v in_o china_n among_o which_o the_o fan-maker_n be_v not_o of_o least_o use_n and_o credit_n these_o fan_n be_v of_o such_o general_a use_n to_o cool_v the_o face_n in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n that_o no_o person_n of_o what_o degree_n soever_o go_v abroad_o without_o they_o and_o of_o these_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n some_o be_v make_v of_o reed_n or_o wood_n other_o of_o ivory_n ebony_n silk_n paper_n
carrion_n either_o of_o a_o horse_n mule_n ass_n dog_n or_o any_o other_o creature_n they_o be_v likewise_o great_o delight_v with_o dry_a sweetmeat_n which_o they_o know_v very_o well_o how_o to_o order_v the_o mandorin_n have_v always_o comedian_n to_o act_n and_o music_n to_o play_n whilst_o they_o be_v at_o dinner_n to_o excite_v they_o to_o cheerfulness_n their_o ordinary_a drink_n be_v hot_a water_n wherein_o thea_fw-mi have_v be_v steep_v which_o as_o they_o do_v all_o other_o liquor_n they_o sip_v off_o warm_a but_o the_o best_a of_o their_o liquor_n be_v that_o which_o they_o call_v cia_n and_o be_v make_v after_o this_o manner_n they_o take_v half_a a_o handful_n of_o the_o herb_n cha_fw-mi and_o boil_v it_o in_o spring-water_n when_o it_o be_v well_o boil_a they_o put_v to_o it_o four_o time_n as_o much_o new_a milk_n with_o a_o little_a salt_n this_o liquor_n drink_v warm_a as_o they_o general_o believe_v have_v more_o virtue_n than_o the_o philosopher_n stone_n as_o to_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o civility_n manner_n and_o fashion_n they_o consist_v chief_o in_o the_o honour_n duty_n and_o obedience_n which_o be_v show_v to_o the_o emperor_n and_o that_o be_v extraordinary_a for_o he_o be_v obey_v honour_a and_o serve_v more_o than_o any_o spiritual_a or_o temporal_a prince_n in_o the_o whole_a world_n beside_o no_o person_n of_o what_o condition_n or_o quality_n soever_o may_v speak_v to_o he_o but_o only_o the_o gelubden_n who_o wait_v upon_o he_o in_o his_o chamber_n in_o the_o palace_n and_o his_o near_a kindred_n as_o his_o son_n and_o daughter_n that_o live_v with_o he_o in_o the_o same_o palace_n all_o the_o magistrate_n without_o the_o palace_n for_o the_o gelubden_n have_v their_o degree_n of_o order_n and_o preferment_n be_v only_o to_o speak_v to_o the_o king_n in_o write_v in_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o petition_n wherein_o their_o desire_n be_v set_v forth_o with_o the_o most_o humble_a expression_n imaginable_a when_o it_o be_v the_o new_a year_n which_o always_o begin_v with_o the_o new_a moon_n before_o or_o after_o the_o nine_o month_n of_o october_n at_o which_o time_n also_o they_o begin_v their_o lent_n a_o ambassador_n be_v send_v from_o every_o general_a province_n to_o salute_v the_o king_n this_o duty_n be_v perform_v every_o three_o year_n with_o great_a state_n and_o such_o humble_a submission_n that_o it_o seem_v in_o a_o manner_n a_o servile_a obedience_n so_o upon_o the_o first_o day_n of_o the_o new_a moon_n the_o magistrate_n every_o one_o in_o his_o own_o city_n meet_v and_o bow_v to_o the_o royal_a throne_n which_o be_v adorn_v with_o picture_n and_o image_n then_o with_o exalt_a voice_n pray_v that_o the_o king_n may_v live_v ten_o thousand_o year_n and_o this_o be_v loud_o second_v by_o the_o redouble_a echo_n of_o the_o people_n purposely_o meet_v together_o the_o same_o honour_n be_v do_v to_o the_o emperor_n upon_o his_o birthday_n through_o the_o whole_a empire_n and_o upon_o the_o same_o day_n the_o magistrate_n of_o peking_n and_o the_o ambassador_n which_o be_v send_v from_o other_o province_n as_o also_o the_o emperor_n near_a and_o chief_a friend_n come_v into_o the_o emperor_n presence_n to_o let_v he_o know_v what_o day_n it_o be_v and_o to_o confirm_v their_o good_a wish_n for_o his_o long_a life_n by_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o present_n which_o they_o then_o bring_v unto_o he_o all_o such_o as_o be_v prefer_v by_o the_o king_n to_o any_o place_n of_o magistracy_n or_o other_o office_n be_v summon_v to_o appear_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n before_o the_o king_n throne_n to_o return_v thanks_o for_o the_o favour_n show_v at_o which_o time_n they_o be_v clothe_v in_o red_a satin_n with_o silver-gilt_n turban_n upon_o their_o head_n in_o both_o hand_n they_o hold_v a_o ebony_n board_n four_o finger_n broad_a and_o a_o foot_n long_o which_o they_o put_v before_o their_o mouth_n as_o often_o as_o they_o speak_v before_o the_o emperor_n or_o his_o throne_n when_o former_o the_o emperor_n intend_v to_o appear_v upon_o his_o throne_n he_o show_v himself_o first_o out_o of_o a_o large_a window_n in_o the_o high_a room_n of_o the_o house_n hold_v a_o ebony_n board_n in_o his_o hand_n before_o his_o face_n and_o another_o over_o his_o head_n both_o which_o board_n be_v beset_v with_o so_o many_o precious_a stone_n and_o of_o that_o bigness_n that_o they_o cover_v his_o face_n and_o hinder_v any_o one_o from_o have_v a_o perfect_a sight_n of_o he_o but_o how_o the_o tartar_n cham_fw-mi appear_v in_o this_o age_n we_o have_v already_o relate_v it_o be_v only_o lawful_a for_o the_o emperor_n to_o be_v array_v in_o yellow_a that_o colour_n be_v forbid_v to_o all_o other_o his_o raiment_n be_v chief_o embroider_a with_o dragon_n and_o not_o only_o be_v these_o dragon_n upon_o his_o garment_n but_o likewise_o engrave_v upon_o the_o vessel_n of_o gold_n and_o other_o plate_n belong_v to_o the_o palace_n as_o also_o upon_o all_o the_o other_o furniture_n thereof_o insomuch_o that_o the_o very_o tyl_v of_o the_o palace_n be_v of_o a_o yellow_a colour_n figure_v with_o the_o shape_n of_o dragon_n which_o have_v give_v occasion_n for_o some_o to_o believe_v that_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o palace_n be_v either_o of_o gold_n or_o copper_n whereas_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v only_o cover_v with_o tile_n colour_v yellow_a in_o the_o bake_n and_o fasten_v with_o nail_n who_o head_n be_v gild_v that_o so_o every_o thing_n outward_o see_v may_v resemble_v the_o emperor_n apparel_n and_o if_o any_o person_n shall_v be_v so_o audacious_o presumptuous_a as_o to_o venture_v to_o wear_v this_o colour_n or_o the_o dragon_n unless_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n it_o will_v endanger_v the_o loss_n of_o his_o head_n such_o a_o offence_n be_v esteem_v criminal_a as_o treason_n and_o the_o offender_n will_v suffer_v as_o a_o traitor_n the_o royal_a palace_n have_v four_o gate_n towards_o the_o four_o quarter_n of_o the_o world_n all_o that_o pass_v by_o these_o gate_n be_v oblige_v to_o alight_v whether_o on_o horseback_n or_o in_o a_o chair_n and_o to_o go_v on_o foot_n till_o they_o be_v beyond_o they_o this_o be_v do_v by_o all_o the_o chinese_n in_o general_a but_o much_o more_o orderly_a and_o with_o great_a reverence_n by_o the_o grandee_n for_o they_o perform_v this_o ceremony_n while_o they_o be_v yet_o at_o a_o good_a distance_n from_o the_o court_n and_o this_o be_v due_o observe_v not_o only_o at_o peking_n the_o present_a imperial_a residence_n but_o also_o at_o nank_v the_o ancient_a seat_n of_o the_o emperor_n though_o of_o late_a year_n desert_v by_o the_o court._n the_o emperor_n oftentimes_o for_o some_o certain_a reason_n and_o cause_n best_o know_v to_o himself_o do_v confer_v title_n of_o honour_n upon_o the_o ancestor_n of_o the_o chief_a magistrate_n by_o a_o certain_a write_n formal_o draw_v up_o by_o his_o majesty_n philosopher_n they_o put_v a_o high_a value_n upon_o such_o a_o write_n and_o think_v nothing_o too_o much_o to_o give_v or_o do_v to_o purchase_v the_o same_o which_o once_o obtain_v they_o lie_v up_o careful_o for_o their_o posterity_n as_o a_o holy_a or_o sacred_a thing_n they_o likewise_o set_v a_o very_a high_a value_n and_o esteem_v upon_o other_o title_n which_o be_v express_v with_o two_o or_o three_o character_n and_o be_v grant_v by_o the_o emperor_n to_o widow_n that_o in_o their_o old_a age_n subject_n themselves_o again_o to_o matrimony_n or_o to_o any_o other_o extraordinary_a ancient_a people_n these_o mark_n of_o honour_n they_o hang_v over_o their_o door_n to_o be_v as_o a_o testimonial_a for_o they_o and_o when_o any_o magistrate_n have_v do_v their_o country_n good_a service_n statue_n of_o marble_n be_v erect_v in_o their_o honour_n at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o public_a whatsoever_o through_o the_o whole_a empire_n be_v rare_a of_o costly_a be_v send_v to_o the_o emperor_n at_o peking_n the_o magistrate_n whereof_o appear_v with_o far_o less_o state_n and_o magnificence_n abroad_o in_o the_o street_n than_o those_o of_o other_o place_n for_o unless_o it_o be_v some_o of_o the_o chief_a and_o more_o noble_a the_o rest_n must_v only_o ride_v on_o horseback_n and_o not_o be_v carry_v in_o chair_n and_o whosoever_o be_v permit_v to_o keep_v a_o chair_n must_v use_v no_o more_o than_o four_o chait-man_n to_o carry_v he_o without_o the_o imperial_a city_n the_o magistrate_n thereof_o may_v appear_v abroad_o in_o a_o more_o glorious_a grandeur_n but_o their_o lowly_a demeanour_n at_o peking_n be_v do_v in_o submission_n to_o their_o sovereign_n there_o resident_a every_o four_o year_n at_o four_o distinct_a time_n all_o the_o emperor_n council_n assemble_v at_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n and_o queen_n and_o there_o offer_v up_o rich_a and_o costly_a present_n with_o great_a humility_n
that_o it_o be_v hear_v some_o mile_n distant_a in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n hard_a by_o the_o chief_a city_n nanchange_n be_v the_o mountain_n pechang_n which_o signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o a_o hundred_o rod_n because_o the_o water_n there_o run_v so_o far_o with_o great_a impetuousness_n in_o the_o river_n chuem_fw-la which_o run_v near_o to_o xunk_v through_o steep_a and_o cragged_a rock_n be_v thirty_o six_o great_a water-falls_a which_o continual_o roar_v with_o a_o most_o hideous_a noise_n near_o to_o the_o ten_o principal_a city_n of_o this_o province_n be_v a_o river_n call_v xemuen_v or_o heng_n which_o run_v with_o great_a boisterousness_n from_o a_o water-shoot_a that_o fall_v into_o it_o the_o river_n yao_n in_o its_o passage_n by_o the_o city_n liniao_n make_v so_o great_a a_o noise_n as_o if_o it_o thunder_v from_o the_o mountain_n of_o taye_n be_v cataract_n that_o fall_v with_o great_a force_n at_o least_o four_o hundred_o rods._n near_o to_o the_o city_n tau_n be_v so_o plentiful_a a_o water-fall_a that_o it_o have_v cause_v a_o mere_a or_o lake_n near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o choxang_n be_v a_o river_n call_v xangyung_a wherein_o be_v so_o great_a a_o fall_n of_o the_o water_n that_o when_o at_o any_o time_n a_o stone_n be_v but_o fling_v into_o it_o it_o cause_v rain_n and_o thunder_n which_o may_v well_o be_v esteem_v a_o prodigy_n near_o to_o the_o city_n hoeicheu_o lie_v the_o river_n singan_n which_o have_v at_o least_o three_o hundred_o and_o sixty_o water-shoots_a fall_v into_o it_o between_o vale_n and_o rock_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n near_o the_o city_n tingcheu_o be_v a_o river_n which_o run_v to_o jenp_v which_o have_v many_o of_o these_o water-falls_a and_o dangerous_a sand_n and_o rock_n insomuch_o that_o when_o any_o vessel_n sail_v down_o with_o the_o stream_n the_o skipper_n to_o avoid_v shipwreck_n fling_v out_o great_a bundle_n of_o straw_n beforehand_o which_o stop_v against_o the_o rock_n preserve_v the_o vessel_n that_o strike_v against_o they_o from_o beat_v themselves_o in_o piece_n near_o to_o the_o city_n kiegan_n lie_v the_o river_n can_v where_o the_o dangerous_a rock_n call_v xetapan_n take_v their_o rise_n it_o be_v very_o hazardous_a to_o sail_v down_o the_o river_n from_o this_o city_n by_o reason_n of_o blind_a cliff_n and_o sand_n which_o have_v destroy_v many_o vessel_n for_o the_o sand_n be_v not_o easy_o discoverable_a the_o river_n run_v with_o great_a swiftness_n over_o they_o and_o therefore_o whatever_o skipper_n sail_v that_o way_n take_v with_o they_o always_o a_o expert_a pilot_n from_o this_o city_n near_o to_o the_o city_n ce_fw-fr lie_v the_o river_n tan_n which_o signify_v red_a because_o the_o water_n thereof_o look_v like_o blood_n they_o report_v that_o this_o water_n be_v former_o very_o clear_a and_o white_a but_o that_o it_o receive_v this_o colour_n by_o mean_n of_o one_o pei_n a_o very_a faithful_a governor_n of_o his_o country_n who_o for_o some_o reason_n unknown_a kill_v himself_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o this_o river_n and_o ever_o since_o the_o water_n have_v retain_v a_o bloody_a tincture_n there_o run_v a_o river_n before_o the_o small_a city_n cuckoe_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n call_v the_o river_n of_o pearl_n for_o that_o in_o the_o night_n it_o glitter_v and_o sparkle_v as_o if_o it_o be_v full_a of_o precious_a stone_n also_o before_o the_o city_n of_o jungcheu_fw-la run_v the_o river_n siang_n who_o water_n be_v of_o a_o crystal_n clearness_n so_o that_o though_o it_o be_v several_a fathom_n deep_a yet_o one_o may_v see_v plain_o any_o thing_n that_o lie_v at_o the_o bottom_n near_o to_o foam_v run_v a_o small_a river_n from_o the_o mountain_n talao_n the_o water_n whereof_o turn_v blue_a in_o harvest_n at_o which_o time_n the_o inhabitant_n wash_v their_o clothes_n in_o the_o same_o to_o give_v they_o that_o colour_n which_o it_o do_v with_o as_o good_a effect_n as_o any_o artificial_a dyer_n can_v do_v the_o river_n kiemo_n near_o to_o paogan_n be_v say_v to_o have_v such_o a_o occult_a quality_n that_o it_o will_v bear_v no_o vessel_n of_o wood_n but_o as_o soon_o as_o it_o come_v upon_o it_o it_o sink_v as_o sudden_o as_o if_o it_o vanish_v in_o the_o air._n the_o like_a be_v the_o river_n io_n near_o to_o kancheu_o which_o be_v therefore_o call_v the_o weak_a river_n because_o it_o will_v bear_v nothing_o that_o be_v heavy_a near_o to_o chingtien_n upon_o the_o mountain_n cucai_n be_v a_o small_a river_n who_o water_n be_v very_o sweet_a and_o well_o scent_v near_o to_o choxan_n be_v the_o river_n cungyang_n who_o water_n take_v spot_n and_o stain_n out_o of_o all_o sort_n of_o clothes_n and_o be_v so_o natural_o cool_v to_o the_o air_n that_o it_o temper_v the_o heat_n of_o summer_n and_o therefore_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n have_v build_v a_o palace_n over_o this_o river_n to_o which_o they_o frequent_o resort_v to_o avoid_v the_o extraordinary_a heat_n the_o river_n kinxa_n or_o the_o river_n of_o gold_n be_v so_o name_v because_o the_o inhabitant_n find_v great_a quantity_n thereof_o in_o the_o same_o near_o to_o the_o city_n pezan_n run_v the_o river_n vhe_fw-it but_o more_o peculiar_o call_v hoanglung_v that_o be_v the_o yellow_a dragon_n for_o the_o inhabitant_n fancy_n that_o they_o see_v a_o yellow_a dragon_n therein_o in_o the_o time_n of_o the_o race_n of_o hana_n the_o river_n siangyn_n which_o run_v before_o mielo_n be_v famous_a because_o it_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o the_o observation_n of_o the_o feast_n tuonu_n which_o be_v observe_v and_o keep_v through_o all_o china_n upon_o the_o five_o day_n of_o the_o five_o month_n in_o memory_n of_o a_o certain_a faithful_a governor_n who_o drown_v himself_o in_o this_o river_n to_o prevent_v some_o traitor_n that_o be_v plot_v to_o take_v away_o his_o life_n he_o be_v a_o man_n well_o belove_v by_o the_o people_n over_o who_o he_o rule_v they_o to_o this_o day_n as_o a_o honour_n to_o his_o posterity_n and_o to_o continue_v his_o fame_n make_v great_a entertainment_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o vucheu_fw-la run_v the_o river_n lieufan_n from_o whence_o the_o chineses_n fetch_v the_o water_n which_o they_o use_v in_o hour-glass_n in_o stead_n of_o sand_n because_o this_o water_n be_v of_o all_o other_o the_o least_o subject_a to_o alteration_n either_o of_o time_n or_o weather_n near_o to_o kiegan_n be_v a_o river_n call_v scent_v which_o signify_v a_o pipe_n or_o flute_n because_o the_o water_n run_v very_o swift_a through_o cliff_n and_o stony_a place_n make_v a_o very_a musical_a and_o delightful_a noise_n near_o to_o xincheu_fw-la be_v the_o river_n xo_o which_o do_v infallible_o cure_v several_a sort_n of_o disease_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n near_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la run_v a_o river_n which_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o course_n be_v call_v sometime_o i_o sometime_o cientang_n and_o in_o some_o place_n cingan_n this_o river_n cause_v upon_o the_o eighteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n such_o a_o very_a high_a tide_n before_o this_o city_n that_o it_o extreme_o puzzle_v the_o philosopher_n themselves_o to_o find_v out_o the_o meaning_n or_o give_v the_o reason_n thereof_o for_o upon_o that_o day_n the_o water_n rise_v high_a than_o at_o any_o other_o time_n of_o the_o year_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o so_o very_o famous_a be_v this_o day_n that_o the_o whole_a city_n about_o four_o a_o clock_n make_v towards_o the_o river_n to_o behold_v the_o wonderful_a operation_n of_o spring_n wells_n and_o fountain_n in_o chint_v the_o four_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n lie_v a_o mere_a which_o have_v its_o rise_n from_o two_o spring_n the_o water_n of_o the_o one_o be_v very_o hot_a the_o other_o cold_a and_o yet_o they_o lie_v but_o at_o a_o small_a distance_n asunder_o upon_o the_o hill_n ganlo_n near_o to_o the_o city_n jungchang_n be_v a_o stone_n in_o the_o form_n of_o a_o man_n nose_n and_o from_o his_o nostril_n arise_v two_o spring_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v warm_a the_o other_o cold_a in_o tengcheu_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n be_v a_o spring_n call_v hanuen_o which_o be_v a_o miracle_n in_o nature_n for_o it_o bubble_n forth_o water_v both_o hot_a and_o cold_a at_o the_o same_o time_n which_o separate_a and_o divide_v themselves_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o the_o city_n of_o lincheng_n be_v a_o fountain_n as_o clear_a as_o crystal_n be_v scarce_o five_o foot_n deep_a yet_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v very_o cold_a but_o the_o bottom_n so_o hot_a that_o there_o be_v no_o endure_v to_o touch_v it_o with_o one_o foot_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n be_v a_o spring_n the_o one_o half_n whereof_o be_v
be_v image_n cut_v out_o of_o one_o hard_a stone_n and_o make_v by_o the_o command_n of_o a_o king_n who_o live_v all_o his_o life_n here_o in_o solitariness_n near_o to_o vucheu_o upon_o the_o hill_n vangkiu_fw-mi stand_v a_o strange_a image_n in_o shape_n and_o proportion_n resemble_v a_o man_n but_o attend_v with_o this_o peculiarity_n that_o according_a to_o the_o several_a temper_n of_o the_o air_n it_o receive_v several_a colour_n by_o the_o change_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n know_v whether_o they_o shall_v have_v fair_a or_o foul_a wether_n the_o emperor_n xius_o employ_v five_o thousand_o man_n to_o dig_v a_o passage_n quite_o through_o the_o mountain_n fang_n for_o he_o have_v hear_v of_o the_o beforementioned_a deceitful_a mountain-gazer_n who_o promise_v to_o foretell_v every_o person_n destiny_n by_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o hill_n some_o of_o who_o have_v give_v out_o that_o they_o foresee_v by_o this_o hill_n shape_n that_o another_o emperor_n shall_v reign_v wherefore_o xius_o to_o frustrate_v his_o approach_a fate_n cause_v this_o hill_n to_o be_v cut_v through_o to_o alter_v its_o shape_n near_o to_o the_o city_n ce_v upon_o the_o mountain_n loyo_n stand_v the_o statue_n of_o a_o great_a lion_n out_o of_o who_o mouth_n gush_v water_n continual_o near_o to_o the_o city_n xeu_fw-fr in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v upon_o the_o hill_n cuke_v be_v find_v a_o great_a lump_n of_o gold_n which_o they_o say_v have_v the_o virtue_n of_o cure_v several_a disease_n the_o hill_n kieuquan_n be_v call_v the_o hill_n of_o seven_o palace_n because_o the_o son_n of_o king_n cyugan_n cause_v seven_o palace_n to_o be_v build_v upon_o it_o in_o which_o they_o reside_v and_o study_v several_a science_n the_o hill_n lin_n near_o to_o the_o city_n tauleu_n be_v very_o famous_a for_o the_o expert_a archery_n of_o one_o hevyus_fw-la who_o in_o this_o place_n shoot_v seven_o bird_n fly_v one_o after_o another_o near_o to_o the_o city_n ceu_fw-la be_v the_o mountain_n changp_v very_o much_o note_v for_o the_o birth_n of_o the_o great_a and_o admire_a philosopher_n confutius_n here_o also_o may_v be_v see_v the_o ruin_n of_o some_o city_n or_o town_n that_o former_o stand_v upon_o it_o near_o to_o the_o city_n kioheu_o lie_v the_o hill_n fang_n not_o a_o little_a frequent_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o tomb_n of_o the_o ancestor_n of_o confutius_n the_o hill_n kieuchin_n near_o to_o hanyang_n have_v its_o name_n from_o nine_o virgin_n that_o be_v sister_n and_o live_v thereon_o study_v chemistry_n near_o to_o the_o city_n cuckoe_n lie_v the_o mountain_n cuckoe_n where_o report_n say_v king_n ci_o bury_v much_o gold_n and_o afterward_o because_o he_o will_v not_o have_v it_o discover_v put_v to_o death_n all_o those_o that_o be_v employ_v in_o hide_v it_o but_o by_o chance_v a_o young_a son_n of_o one_o of_o the_o workman_n take_v notice_n of_o what_o his_o father_n be_v do_v and_o bear_v the_o same_o in_o mind_n when_o he_o come_v to_o year_n of_o discretion_n go_v and_o take_v it_o away_o with_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o father_n death_n felicitate_v his_o own_o life_n upon_o certain_a high_a hill_n of_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n where_o it_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n honan_n lie_v a_o kingdom_n call_v kiug_v absolute_a of_o itself_o and_o no_o way_n subject_a to_o the_o emperor_n be_v of_o china_n only_o upon_o the_o account_n of_o honour_n and_o the_o maintain_n of_o a_o good_a correspondence_n the_o king_n thereof_o receive_v from_o the_o chinese_n monarch_n his_o crown_n and_o sceptre_n these_o high-land_n people_n will_v in_o no_o wise_n suffer_v the_o chineses_n to_o come_v among_o they_o and_o very_o hardly_o to_o speak_v to_o they_o the_o people_n of_o this_o kingdom_n be_v the_o issue_n of_o they_o who_o flee_v out_o of_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n to_o avoid_v the_o outrage_n of_o the_o enemy_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cheva_n and_o betake_v themselves_o to_o these_o high_a mountain_n for_o safety_n where_o ever_o since_o their_o posterity_n have_v continue_v possess_v innumerable_a brave_a vale_n and_o incomparable_a good_a land_n which_o be_v secure_v against_o the_o invasion_n or_o inroad_n of_o any_o enemy_n upon_o some_o of_o the_o mountain_n in_o china_n be_v great_a store_n of_o wild_a people_n who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o narrow_a and_o difficult_a passage_n to_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v under_o subjection_n to_o the_o emperor_n notwithstanding_o great_a endeavour_n have_v be_v use_v to_o effect_v the_o same_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o mine_n of_o all_o sort_n as_o metal_n stone_n etc._n etc._n within_o the_o spacious_a continent_n of_o this_o empire_n and_o chief_o upon_o the_o mountain_n be_v find_v many_o rich_a mine_n as_o well_o of_o silver_n and_o gold_n as_o other_o metal_n in_o great_a abundance_n yet_o to_o dig_v for_o gold_n or_o silver_n out_o of_o any_o of_o they_o be_v forbid_v although_o it_o remain_v free_a for_o any_o person_n to_o seek_v for_o gold_n upon_o the_o side_n and_o bank_n of_o river_n where_o the_o same_o be_v also_o find_v in_o great_a quantity_n with_o which_o all_o the_o country_n drive_v their_o trade_n by_o barter_v and_o exchange_v it_o away_o for_o other_o commodity_n upon_o the_o mountain_n yocheu_fw-la be_v dig_v up_o a_o green_a stone_n which_o be_v beat_v to_o powder_n afford_v the_o painter_n a_o most_o delicate_a vert._n there_o be_v also_o several_a excellent_a stone_n quarry_n among_o which_o some_o of_o marble_n whereof_o they_o make_v table_n and_o other_o curious_a ornament_n for_o their_o house_n it_o have_v such_o strange_a yet_o natural_a vein_n that_o by_o their_o concentr_n the_o shape_n of_o hill_n water_n tree_n flower_n be_v so_o admirable_o figure_v upon_o the_o same_o as_o if_o the_o most_o exquisite_a artist_n of_o the_o world_n have_v depict_v they_o with_o his_o pencil_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n be_v find_v very_o clear_a white_a and_o red_a marble_n as_o also_o touchstone_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o stone_n which_o for_o colour_n and_o hardness_n be_v much_o value_v and_o upon_o the_o mountain_n xaitung_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la the_o jasper_n of_o several_a colour_n be_v find_v as_o also_o in_o xensi_fw-la upon_o the_o hill_n io_n be_v very_o clear_a stone_n which_o for_o their_o lustre_n and_o sparkle_a resemble_v diamond_n out_o of_o mount_n kiun_n be_v dig_v red_a marble_n in_o suchue_n on_o mount_n tiexe_n grow_v a_o stone_n which_o be_v burn_v in_o the_o fire_n yield_v iron_n very_o fit_a to_o make_v sword_n the_o hill_n cucay_n near_a chingtien_n bring_v forth_o tree_n and_o stone_n red_a of_o colour_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n all_o the_o product_n of_o the_o hill_n hoan_n which_o signify_v the_o yellow_a hill_n even_o to_o the_o earth_n and_o stone_n be_v of_o a_o gold_n colour_n there_o be_v several_a other_o hill_n which_o produce_v strange_a and_o precious_a stone_n as_o the_o hill_n xeyen_fw-mi so_o name_v because_o after_o rain_v there_o be_v find_v stone_n upon_o the_o same_o resemble_v swallow_n many_o other_o produce_v variety_n of_o stone_n hold_v in_o great_a esteem_n by_o reason_n of_o experiment_n which_o have_v be_v make_v of_o they_o in_o the_o cure_n of_o several_a disease_n as_o all_o sort_n of_o ague_n fever_n calenture_n etc._n etc._n and_o as_o in_o some_o place_n be_v such_o variety_n of_o rare_a and_o physical_a stone_n so_o in_o other_o be_v earth_n and_o medicinal_a drug_n namely_o in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n near_o to_o the_o city_n cincheu_o be_v dig_v up_o a_o certain_a yellow_a earth_n which_o be_v a_o powerful_a antidote_n against_o all_o manner_n of_o poison_n in_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o huquang_n there_o be_v several_a place_n where_o they_o gather_v great_a store_n of_o manna_n which_o the_o native_n take_v for_o freeze_a dew_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la upon_o the_o mountain_n tape_n they_o dig_v up_o a_o certain_a earth_n so_o red_a that_o they_o use_v it_o for_o vermilion_a to_o print_v their_o red_a seal_n whereas_o upon_o the_o mountain_n nieuxu_fw-la the_o earth_n be_v so_o white_a that_o it_o be_v use_v by_o the_o woman_n in_o stead_n of_o paint_n for_o be_v dissolve_v in_o water_n it_o strange_o embellish_v the_o face_n which_o be_v wash_v therewith_o here_o also_o they_o have_v mine_n of_o coal_n which_o be_v like_o those_o in_o europe_n there_o be_v also_o in_o divers_a place_n throughout_o the_o whole_a empire_n a_o certain_a sort_n of_o lime_n which_o they_o press_v from_o the_o bark_n of_o a_o tree_n be_v tough_a and_o stick_v like_o pitch_n of_o this_o which_o i_o suppose_v i_o may_v call_v a_o gum_n they_o make_v a_o certain_a sort_n of_o paint_n wherewith_o they_o colour_v all_o their_o ship_n house_n and_o householdstuff_n which_o make_v they_o to_o shine_v like_o glass_n and_o
horse_n after_o who_o follow_v those_o that_o carry_v the_o scaling-ladder_n at_o last_o march_v up_o the_o prime_n of_o his_o army_n which_o consist_v of_o the_o stout_a and_o able_a soldier_n of_o his_o kingdom_n have_v thus_o put_v his_o army_n in_o battle-array_n he_o fall_v upon_o the_o city_n immediate_o with_o a_o undaunted_a courage_n those_o within_o make_v very_o stout_a opposition_n at_o first_o but_o the_o tartar_n press_v upon_o they_o furious_o get_v the_o better_a and_o at_o last_o drive_v they_o from_o the_o wall_n to_o which_o fix_v their_o scaling-ladder_n they_o quick_o become_v master_n of_o the_o same_o such_o be_v their_o extraordinary_a nimbleness_n and_o courage_n and_o now_o the_o chinese_n find_v themselves_o unable_a any_o long_o to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n flee_v out_o of_o the_o city_n but_o the_o tartar_n kill_v a_o great_a number_n in_o the_o pursuit_n after_o the_o take_n of_o this_o city_n the_o tartar_n march_v on_o with_o his_o army_n without_o any_o stop_n or_o hindrance_n take_v by_o storm_n whatever_o other_o city_n oppose_v he_o but_o such_o as_o submit_v he_o command_v that_o none_o of_o the_o inhabitant_n shall_v suffer_v either_o in_o body_n or_o good_n when_o now_o the_o king_n of_o ninche_n have_v fill_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n with_o fear_n and_o dread_n of_o his_o army_n and_o have_v total_o conquer_a the_o same_o he_o march_v forward_o with_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n into_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n make_v no_o haste_n till_o he_o be_v come_v within_o seven_o mile_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n and_o there_o find_v several_a chinese_n army_n to_o lie_v round_o about_o he_o he_o pitch_v his_o camp_n in_o a_o very_a rich_a quarter_n not_o dare_v to_o advance_v any_o further_o up_o into_o the_o country_n whereas_o if_o he_o have_v march_v on_o he_o have_v in_o all_o probability_n carry_v all_o before_o he_o and_o may_v undoubted_o have_v take_v the_o imperial_a city_n the_o people_n be_v general_a consternate_v and_o their_o heart_n dead_a with_o fear_n insomuch_o that_o the_o emperor_n himself_o have_v already_o conclude_v to_o abandon_v the_o city_n of_o peking_n and_o with_o his_o whole_a family_n to_o retire_v towards_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o he_o be_v dissuade_v from_o it_o by_o his_o council_n yet_o notwithstanding_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o both_o these_o province_n be_v so_o fill_v with_o fear_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o tartar_n that_o they_o leave_v their_o habitation_n both_o in_o city_n and_o country_n and_o flee_v into_o the_o wood_n and_o mountain_n with_o what_o they_o can_v well_o carry_v with_o they_o the_o enemy_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n lay_v waste_n several_a famous_a city_n and_o put_v all_o to_o fire_n and_o sword_n where_o he_o come_v the_o ninchean_a king_n who_o as_o we_o say_v dare_v not_o adventure_v to_o march_v against_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n have_v get_v good_a store_n of_o riches_n out_o of_o the_o other_o conquer_a city_n retreat_v back_o with_o his_o army_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n which_o be_v a_o very_a goodly_a city_n before_o he_o take_v it_o both_o for_o strength_n situation_n and_o fairness_n of_o building_n but_o be_v tell_v by_o his_o soothsayer_n that_o to_o let_v the_o old_a wall_n stand_v after_o he_o have_v win_v the_o place_n can_v bode_v nought_o but_o misfortune_n he_o cause_v they_o thereupon_o to_o be_v raze_v to_o the_o ground_n and_o new_a one_o build_v there_o be_v but_o two_o great_a city_n in_o all_o this_o province_n which_o be_v leaoyang_n and_o ningyven_v the_o rest_n be_v of_o a_o small_a circuit_n yet_o be_v they_o both_o populous_a and_o rich_a but_o with_o place_n of_o strength_n which_o exceed_v some_o city_n for_o bigness_n it_o exceed_o abound_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o place_n be_v very_o dull_a of_o understanding_n and_o so_o altogether_o incapable_a of_o learn_v any_o art_n and_o science_n but_o very_o healthful_a of_o constitution_n and_o strong_a of_o body_n therein_o much_o exceed_v the_o other_o chineses_n and_o the_o cause_n may_v be_v for_o that_o they_o be_v breed_v from_o the_o cradle_n to_o war_n and_o hardship_n by_o reason_n of_o their_o vicinity_n to_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v perpetual_o make_v war_n upon_o they_o as_o to_o their_o manner_n and_o custom_n they_o resemble_v very_o much_o the_o tartar_n which_o come_v to_o pass_v by_o the_o great_a intercourse_n that_o â—s_v daily_o between_o they_o the_o country_n be_v in_o some_o place_n very_o hilly_a and_o mountainous_a and_o in_o other_o plain_a and_o even_o for_o many_o mile_n together_o yet_o every_o where_o very_o fruitful_a in_o the_o product_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o cattle_n both_o wild_a and_o tame_a as_o also_o in_o treeâ—_n and_o fruit_n of_o the_o field_n wholesome_a and_o medicinal_a both_o in_o their_o body_n leave_n fruit_n and_o root_n among_o other_o here_o grow_v that_o incomparable_a root_n gâ—â—seng_n whereof_o mention_n be_v make_v before_o there_o be_v also_o to_o be_v have_v store_n of_o rich_a fur_n as_o sable_n bever_n etc._n etc._n which_o they_o wear_v in_o winter_n to_o keep_v themselves_o warm_a and_o traffic_n with_o likewise_o into_o other_o province_n it_o also_o produce_v curious_a pine-apple_n excellent_a wheat_n and_o barley_n but_o no_o rice_n yet_o a_o great_a abundance_n of_o fig_n apple_n pear_n grape_n and_o several_a other_o sort_n of_o fruit_n which_o extraordinary_a plenty_n of_o all_o necessary_a thing_n of_o its_o own_o growth_n render_v it_o both_o pleasant_a and_o cheap_a to_o live_v in_o but_o much_o more_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o situation_n upon_o the_o sea_n from_o whence_o it_o be_v furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o commodity_n from_o other_o country_n their_o religion_n be_v very_o little_a different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o other_o chineses_n be_v great_a promoter_n of_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n out_o of_o one_o body_n into_o another_o thus_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v this_o place_n the_o seat_n of_o war_n whereby_o they_o can_v at_o pleasure_n invade_v the_o neighbour_a province_n the_o emperor_n and_o his_o council_n begin_v to_o consider_v which_o way_n be_v the_o most_o likely_a for_o they_o to_o drive_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o their_o territory_n and_o at_o last_o they_o conclude_v to_o raise_v a_o army_n of_o 600000_o man_n over_o and_o above_o who_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n send_v to_o their_o assistance_n 12000_o valiant_a bowman_n who_o be_v not_o inferior_a for_o skill_n to_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o ninchean_a king_n be_v not_o idle_a but_o draw_v out_o of_o his_o kingdom_n as_o many_o force_n as_o can_v possible_o be_v spare_v to_o join_v with_o he_o be_v thus_o prepare_v for_o war_n on_o both_o side_n the_o chineses_n in_o the_o year_n 1619_o march_v with_o that_o formidable_a army_n against_o the_o enemy_n who_o hear_v of_o their_o approach_n set_v forward_o from_o their_o camp_n to_o meet_v they_o which_o soon_o happen_v but_o then_o such_o be_v the_o inveterate_a malice_n of_o both_o party_n that_o as_o soon_o as_o they_o see_v each_o other_o the_o battle_n begin_v which_o be_v valiant_o fight_v for_o a_o long_a time_n by_o both_o army_n so_o that_o the_o victory_n hang_v in_o suspense_n nor_o can_v any_o judge_n who_o will_v have_v the_o better_a till_o at_o length_n the_o chineses_n run_v away_o in_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n the_o slaughter_n be_v very_o great_a among_o they_o both_o of_o commander_n and_o soldier_n upon_o the_o spot_n those_o that_o escape_v carry_v the_o news_n of_o the_o overthrow_n to_o the_o emperor_n this_o great_a victory_n the_o ninchean_a king_n pursue_v with_o that_o expedition_n that_o he_o take_v several_a city_n and_o town_n some_o whereof_o they_o lay_v in_o ash_n and_o put_v the_o inhabitant_n to_o the_o sword_n harrass_v and_o plunder_v up_o to_o the_o very_a wall_n of_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n though_o they_o dare_v not_o lay_v siege_n to_o it_o there_o be_v a_o garrison_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o man_n and_o and_o the_o place_n well_o fortify_v with_o great_a store_n of_o cannon_n upon_o the_o wall_n notwithstanding_o which_o provision_n such_o be_v the_o fear_n of_o the_o pekinger_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n have_v but_o attempt_v they_o may_v have_v be_v master_n of_o that_o great_a city_n without_o any_o very_a hazardous_a opposition_n for_o the_o emperor_n be_v again_o full_o resolve_v as_o before_o to_o quit_v it_o and_o to_o retire_v to_o the_o southern_a province_n but_o some_o of_o his_o council_n now_o too_o late_o grow_v wise_a alter_v his_o purpose_n by_o tell_v he_o that_o it_o will_v encourage_v the_o enemy_n and_o not_o only_o put_v the_o whole_a empire_n into_o confusion_n but_o hazard_v the_o ruin_n if_o not_o the_o
a_o embassy_n send_v by_o the_o east-india_a company_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n to_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi or_o emperor_n of_o china_n deliver_v at_o pekin_n by_o peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n and_o jacob_n de_fw-fr keyzer_n a_o o_fw-fr 1655._o w._n heller_n fecit_fw-la 1655._o a_o embassy_n from_o the_o east-india_n company_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n to_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi emperor_n of_o china_n deliver_v by_o their_o excellency_n peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n and_o jacob_n de_fw-fr keyzer_n at_o his_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n wherein_o the_o city_n town_n village_n port_n river_n etc._n etc._n in_o their_o passage_n from_o canton_n to_o peking_n be_v ingenious_o describe_v by_o m_n r_o john_n nieuhoff_n steward_n to_o the_o ambassador_n also_o a_o epistle_n of_o father_n john_n adam_n their_o antagonist_n concern_v the_o whole_a negotiation_n with_o a_o appendix_n of_o several_a remark_n take_v out_o of_o father_n athanasius_n kircher_n english_v and_o set_v forth_o with_o their_o several_a sculpture_n by_o john_n ogilby_n esq_n his_o majesty_n cosmographer_n geographick_n printer_n and_o master_n of_o the_o revel_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ireland_n the_o second_o edition_n london_n print_v by_o the_o author_n at_o his_o house_n in_o white-friar_n m.dc.lxxiii_o a_o description_n of_o china_n take_v by_o the_o author_n m._n john_n neuhoff_n in_o his_o journey_n with_o the_o batavian_n ambassador_n from_o canton_n to_o the_o emperor_n court_n at_o peking_n a_o exact_a relation_n of_o the_o embassy_n send_v by_o the_o east-india_n company_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n to_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi or_o emperor_n of_o china_n deliver_v at_o peking_n the_o imperial_a city_n etc._n etc._n the_o lacedaemonian_n be_v a_o people_n lacedaemonian_n who_o by_o their_o law_n and_o custom_n be_v strict_o prohibit_v from_o travel_v out_o of_o their_o own_o country_n lest_o so_o degenerate_v in_o manner_n as_o they_o suppose_v they_o may_v fall_v into_o a_o more_o loose_a and_o irregular_a course_n of_o life_n and_o by_o the_o acquaintance_n of_o the_o various_a modes_n of_o several_a foreign_a nation_n slight_a the_o strictness_n of_o their_o own_o severe_a establishment_n neither_o will_v they_o permit_v that_o any_o stranger_n shall_v reside_v among_o they_o lest_o they_o by_o conversation_n shall_v be_v imbue_v with_o their_o novelty_n and_o opinion_n which_o more_o to_o strengthen_v what_o citizen_n soever_o that_o do_v not_o educate_v his_o child_n according_a to_o their_o own_o settle_a law_n be_v immediate_o pronounce_v incapable_a of_o the_o privilege_n belong_v to_o his_o country_n so_o great_a a_o love_n have_v this_o nation_n to_o their_o native_a soil_n and_o such_o the_o aversion_n engraft_v in_o they_o from_o their_o very_a cradle_n to_o foreign_a part_n that_o a_o youth_n only_o once_o ask_v the_o way_n to_o pilea_fw-la by_o order_n of_o the_o magistracy_n suffer_v condign_a punishment_n present_o upon_o the_o spot_n but_o these_o severe_a way_n and_o starch_a formality_n be_v both_o by_o the_o other_o greek_n and_o the_o roman_n utter_o explode_v who_o know_v better_a thing_n ready_o indulge_v licence_n to_o travel_v where_o they_o may_v best_o improve_v their_o wealth_n literature_n or_o observation_n and_o also_o we_o find_v by_o their_o most_o ancient_a and_o accurate_a writer_n that_o they_o neither_o spare_v cost_v study_v nor_o pain_n to_o be_v replenish_v with_o remote_a and_o transmarine_a embellishment_n both_o of_o art_n science_n and_o industry_n when_o the_o emperor_n trajan_n after_o the_o parthian_a war_n busy_v himself_o in_o a_o philosophical_a inquisition_n concern_v the_o wonder_n of_o the_o deep_a and_o occult_a nature_n of_o the_o ocean_n a_o sudden_a storm_n happen_v hurry_v he_o from_o coast_v far_o into_o the_o offin_n where_o he_o behold_v a_o fleet_n stand_v in_o for_o india_n whereof_o be_v inform_v he_o fetch_v a_o deep_a sigh_n say_v ah_o that_o i_o be_v young_a again_o and_o can_v resume_v my_o former_a vigour_n then_o will_v i_o visit_v those_o distant_a region_n and_o penetrate_v the_o avenue_n of_o the_o oriental_a world_n king_n mithridates_n who_o after_o a_o long_o contest_v with_o the_o roman_n have_v resettled_a himself_o in_o his_o throne_n resolve_v not_o only_o upon_o the_o well_o manage_v of_o the_o affair_n at_o home_n but_o the_o enlarge_n his_o dominion_n abroad_o whereupon_o he_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o which_o not_o any_o prince_n have_v do_v before_o of_o the_o neighbour_a scythian_n who_o have_v never_o till_o then_o be_v absolute_o subdue_v this_o great_a work_n finish_v and_o so_o mighty_a a_o nation_n bring_v under_o he_o divert_v himself_o to_o travel_v not_o only_o to_o make_v a_o superficial_a view_n of_o city_n and_o situation_n vulgarity_n and_o various_a humour_n adherent_a to_o several_a nation_n but_o also_o of_o their_o scolastick_a knowledge_n and_o politic_a government_n on_o which_o account_n he_o pass_v through_o all_o pontus_n cappadocia_n and_o most_o part_n of_o asia_n tacitus_n the_o famous_a roman_a historian_n enumerate_v the_o many_o virtue_n of_o germanicus_n say_v that_o he_o greedy_a of_o knowledge_n especial_o of_o foreign_a transaction_n make_v his_o tour_n through_o greece_n thrace_n asia_n and_o armenia_n but_o thus_o much_o not_o satisfy_v the_o curiosity_n of_o this_o prince_n he_o voyage_v into_o egypt_n under_o pretence_n of_o settle_v the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n but_o rather_o of_o have_v a_o visual_a speculation_n of_o the_o antiquity_n report_v to_o be_v there_o democritus_n no_o less_o solicitous_a of_o make_v search_n beyond_o his_o own_o home_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n damasippus_n part_v with_o a_o no_o unplentiful_a patrimony_n for_o a_o scarce_o considerable_a sum_n to_o furnish_v out_o the_o expense_n of_o his_o outward-bound_a travel_n in_o quest_n of_o science_n he_o first_o address_v himself_o to_o the_o egyptian_a priest_n next_o the_o chaldaean_n after_o to_o the_o gymnosophist_n in_o india_n from_o who_o magazine_n and_o the_o then_o fountain_n of_o learning_n he_o return_v rich_a be_v freight_v with_o a_o full_a cargo_n both_o of_o divine_a and_o moral_a principle_n let_v plato_n prince_n of_o philosopher_n stand_v for_o all_o who_o in_o like_a manner_n penetrate_v the_o bowel_n of_o egypt_n and_o other_o more_o distant_a country_n return_v as_o plentiful_o furnish_v with_o their_o several_a observation_n a_o acquirement_n inclination_n no_o less_o vigorous_a have_v of_o late_o be_v observe_v in_o europe_n but_o with_o more_o success_n who_o not_o be_v bound_v by_o herculean_a bar_n pass_v so_o far_o through_o the_o till_o then_o unmeasured_a atlantic_a that_o they_o light_v upon_o a_o new_a world_n a_o flourish_a hesperide_n region_n who_o sand_n be_v gold_n earth_n plate_n and_o rivers_n silver_n a_o paradise_n extend_v to_o the_o arctic_a and_o antarctick_a circle_n with_o several_a other_o country_n and_o island_n that_o reach_v almost_o the_o utmost_a latitude_n of_o either_o pole_n outshine_v all_o the_o fable_n of_o antiquity_n and_o bold_a tale_n of_o their_o poetic_a dream_n so_o that_o the_o ancient_n be_v not_o to_o stand_v in_o competition_n with_o our_o modern_a discoverer_n who_o find_v out_o in_o less_o than_o one_o century_n more_o than_o they_o in_o their_o many_o thousand_o year_n whilst_o i_o contemplate_v the_o laudable_a action_n and_o great_a enterprise_n of_o famous_a navigator_n i_o conceive_v myself_o oblige_v to_o put_v in_o my_o mite_n and_o not_o to_o conceal_v some_o special_a remark_n be_v take_v by_o i_o with_o no_o small_a care_n and_o pain_n in_o a_o country_n as_o little_o know_v to_o europe_n as_o any_o after_o my_o return_n from_o the_o west-indies_n where_o i_o have_v sometime_o remain_v my_o occasion_n invite_v i_o from_o home_n a_o contrary_a course_n to_o the_o east-indies_n where_o not_o long_o after_o my_o arrival_n at_o batavia_n it_o be_v order_v by_o the_o general_n maatzuyker_n and_o the_o honourable_a council_n then_o reside_v there_o to_o send_v peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n and_o jacob_n keysar_n as_o ambassador_n with_o credential_n and_o a_o considerable_a train_n of_o attendant_n to_o peking_n in_o china_n to_o the_o grand_a cham_n of_o tartary_n the_o now_o emperor_n of_o china_n impower_v to_o negotiate_v concern_v a_o free_a and_o mutual_a commerce_n with_o they_o in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o territory_n whereupon_o receive_v also_o command_v to_o attend_v this_o embassy_n i_o have_v throw_v into_o my_o hand_n as_o i_o conceive_v fit_a opportunity_n to_o make_v a_o more_o exact_a discovery_n of_o the_o genius_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o people_n and_o custom_n of_o the_o place_n and_o country_n suppose_v by_o all_o geographer_n to_o be_v the_o rich_a in_o the_o world_n and_o where_o any_o stranger_n former_o dare_v never_o attempt_v and_o herein_o without_o breach_n of_o modesty_n i_o dare_v bold_o affirm_v that_o nothing_o considerable_a slip_v my_o observation_n relate_v to_o my_o
grow_v in_o other_o place_n of_o china_n be_v wild_a and_o good_a for_o nothing_o from_o hence_o come_v likewise_o that_o incomparable_a root_n call_v rhubarb_n which_o the_o people_n of_o tibet_n and_o mogar_n who_o drive_v the_o trade_n in_o this_o province_n send_v from_o thence_o into_o europe_n here_o be_v likewise_o find_v two_o sort_n of_o amber_n stone_n namely_o the_o red_a and_o yellow_a which_o last_o be_v find_v also_o upon_o other_o coast_n the_o people_n here_o be_v very_o cunning_a in_o counterfeit_v of_o amber_n which_o they_o do_v with_o so_o much_o skill_n that_o they_o sell_v it_o sometime_o for_o the_o right_n it_o be_v impossible_a to_o discern_v it_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a unto_o it_o either_o in_o sight_n or_o goodness_n iron_n tin_n and_o lead_v be_v likewise_o fetch_v from_o the_o mountain_n in_o great_a quantity_n among_o which_o the_o wonder_n be_v be_v great_a store_n of_o salt-pit_n that_o produce_v so_o much_o salt_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n know_v not_o how_o to_o spend_v one_o three_o part_n of_o it_o the_o toll-book_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o the_o country_n be_v set_v down_o mention_n no_o less_o than_o 4_o hundred_o 64_o thousand_o 1_o hundred_o 29_o family_n and_o 22_o hundred_o 4_o thousand_o 1_o hundred_o and_o 70_o fight_a man_n without_o reckon_v the_o soldier_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o the_o country_n that_o which_o this_o province_n pay_v in_o tax_n to_o the_o emperor_n yearly_a consist_v of_o 61_o hundred_o 6_o thousand_o 660_o bag_n of_o rice_n 6_o thousand_o 3_o hundred_o and_o 39_o pound_n of_o wrought_v and_o unwrought_a silk_n 74_o thousand_o 8_o hundred_o and_o 51_o pound_n of_o cotton_n 1_o hundred_o 49_o thousand_o 1_o hundred_o 77_o weight_n of_o salt_n beside_o other_o tax_n pay_v to_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n in_o some_o part_n of_o this_o province_n the_o seven_o kingdom_n of_o hucang_n the_o province_n of_o hucang_a border_n towards_o the_o north_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o honan_n hucang_n north-west_n upon_o xensi_fw-la westward_o upon_o sucheu_o towards_o the_o south_n upon_o quangsi_n south-west_n upon_o queicheu_fw-la eastward_o upon_o kiangsi_n and_o southeast_n upon_o quantung_n in_o this_o province_n be_v 15_o brave_a metropolis_n above_o a_o hundred_o small_a city_n and_o a_o world_n of_o village_n and_o cottage_n beside_o the_o garrison_n town_n and_o fort_n the_o 15_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o vuchang_n hanijang_v syangyang_n tegan_n hoangcheu_o kingcheu_o yocheu_o changxa_fw-la paok_v hengcheu_o changte_fw-la xincheu_o jungcheu_o chingtien_n chinchiang_n 1._o vuchang_n command_v over_o 10_o city_n whang_v vuchang_n kiayn_n puki_n hienning_n cungyang_n tungch_v hingque_n taye_n and_o tungxan_n 2._o hanijang_fw-mi command_v over_o two_o city_n hanijang_v and_o hanchuen_n 3._o siangyang_n command_v over_o seven_o city_n siangyang_n iching_a nanchang_n caoyang_n coch_v quanghoa_o and_o kiun_n 4._o tegan_n command_v over_o six_o city_n tegan_n jommung_a hiaocan_n ingch_v svi_fw-la and_o ingxan_n 5._o hoangcheu_o command_v over_o nine_o city_n hoangcheu_o lotien_n mach_n hoangpi_n hoanggan_n kixut_o ki_n hoangmui_fw-la and_o hoangâ—i_n 6._o kingcheu_o command_v over_o 13_o city_n kingcheu_o cunggan_n xexeu_o kienli_fw-la sungki_n chikiang_n il_v changyang_n itu_fw-la juengan_n quei_z hingxan_n patung_n 7._o yocheu_o command_v over_o eight_o city_n yocheu_o linsiang_n hoayung_a pingkiang_n fung_n xemuen_n culi_fw-la and_o ganhiang_n 8._o changxa_n command_v over_o 11_o city_n chanxa_n siangtan_n siangin_n ninghiang_n and_o lievyang_n lil_v jeyang_n sianghiang_n xeu_o ganhoa_o and_o chaling_n 9_o paok_v command_v over_o five_o city_n paok_v sinhoa_n chingpu_n vuchang_n and_o sin_v 10._o hengcheu_o command_v over_o nine_o city_n hengcheu_o hengxan_n luiyang_n changn_v gangin_n ling_n queiyang_n linnu_fw-fr and_o langxan_n 11._o changte_n command_v over_o four_o city_n changte_n taoyven_v lungyang_n and_o juenkiang_n 12._o xincheu_o command_v over_o seven_o city_n xincheu_o luki_n xinki_n xopu_n juen_v kivyang_n and_o mayang_n 13._o jungcheu_o command_v over_o seven_o city_n jungcheu_o kiyang_n tan_n tunggan_n ningyven_v jungn_v and_o kianghoa_n 14._o chingtien_n command_v over_o seven_o city_n chingtien_n kingxan_n cienkiang_n mienyang_n kingling_n kingmuen_n and_o tangyang_n 15._o chinchiang_n command_v over_o seven_o city_n cinchiang_n fang_n choxan_n xancin_n choki_n chingsi_n and_o paokang_v there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o province_n two_o great_a city_n cingcheu_o and_o chincheu_fw-la the_o first_o command_v over_o four_o small_a city_n cingcheu_o hoeitung_n tungtao_n suine_v the_o second_o over_o six_o chincheu_o jungh_v ychang_n hingn_v queiyang_n and_o queitung_n the_o garrison_n city_n be_v eleven_o in_o number_n xi_o jungxun_n paoce_n nanguei_n xiyung_a xangki_n lankiang_n sanpin_v jungt_v tienkia_n jungmui_fw-la the_o chinese_n register_n of_o toll-book_n reckon_v in_o this_o country_n five_o hundred_o thirty_o one_o thousand_o six_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o six_o family_n and_o forty_o eight_o hundred_o thirty_o three_o thousand_o five_o hundred_o and_o ninety_o fight_a man_n beside_o all_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a blood_n which_o amount_v to_o at_o least_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o in_o all_o china_n these_o be_v all_o the_o offspring_n of_o one_o hunguvus_n the_o first_o founder_n of_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n who_o long_o after_o the_o expulsion_n of_o the_o tartar_n conquer_v the_o kingdom_n and_o settle_a himself_o in_o the_o throne_n but_o this_o family_n of_o taiminga_n have_v the_o misfortune_n not_o many_o year_n since_o to_o be_v whole_o extirpate_v by_o the_o tartar_n as_o will_v appear_v hereafter_o the_o product_n of_o the_o revenue_n of_o this_o province_n which_o be_v pay_v to_o the_o emperor_n yearly_a consist_v in_o one_o and_o twenty_o hundred_o sixty_o seven_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o nine_o bag_n of_o rice_n and_o seventeen_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o seven_o rowls_n of_o wrought_a silk_n the_o ten_o province_n of_o chekiang_n this_o province_n lie_v eastward_o towards_o the_o sea_n chekiang_n south_n and_o south-west_n it_o border_n upon_o the_o province_n of_o foke_v but_o the_o rest_n join_v to_o the_o province_n of_o kiansi_fw-la and_o nank_n in_o this_o province_n be_v eleven_o prime_a city_n all_o of_o they_o not_o much_o inferior_a to_o some_o province_n for_o the_o metropolis_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la be_v fit_a to_o make_v to_o make_v a_o kingdom_n of_o the_o eleven_o chief_a city_n command_v over_o sixty_o three_o small_a city_n which_o have_v likewise_o abundance_n of_o town_n and_o castle_n under_o their_o command_n beside_o the_o village_n which_o be_v all_o full_a of_o people_n the_o eleven_o chief_a city_n be_v these_o hangcheu_o kiahing_n hucheu_o niencheu_o kinhoa_o kincheu_o chucheu_o xaohing_n ningpo_n taicheu_fw-la and_o vencheu_fw-la 1._o hangcheu_o command_v over_o eight_o city_n hangcheu_o hain_v fuyang_n juhang_fw-mi lingan_n yucieu_o sinching_n changhoa_n 2._o kiah_v command_v over_o six_o city_n kiahing_n kiaxen_a haiyen_n pinghu_n cungte_n tunghiang_n 3._o hucheu_o command_v over_o six_o city_n hucheu_o changh_v gankie_n tech_v hiaofung_a and_o vukang_v 4._o niencheu_o command_v over_o six_o city_n niencheu_o xungan_n tunglui_n suigan_n xenchang_n and_o fuenxi_fw-la 5._o kiuhoa_n command_v over_o eight_o city_n kinhoa_o lanki_n tungyang_n thou_o juugkang_v vuy_n pukiang_n and_o tanki_n 6._o kincheu_o command_v over_o five_o city_n kincheu_o lungyeu_o changxan_n kiangxen_n and_o caihoa_n 7._o chucheu_o command_v over_o 10_o city_n chucheu_o cingtien_n cinyun_n sungyang_n suichang_n lungcinen_n kingyven_v junho_n sivenp_v and_o kingn_v 8._o xaohing_n command_v over_o seven_o city_n xaohing_n siaoxan_n chuki_n juyao_n xangyu_n x_v and_o cinchang_n 9_o ningpo_n command_v over_o five_o city_n ningpo_n cuki_n funghao_n tinghai_n siangxan_n 10._o taicheu_o command_v over_o six_o city_n taicheu_o hoangnien_n tientai_n sinkiu_fw-la ninghai_n and_o taip_v 11._o vencheu_o command_v over_o five_o city_n vencheu_o xuigan_n loce_n pingyang_n taixun_n the_o chief_a garrison_n be_v 15._o chinxan_n kinxan_n tinghui_n quo_fw-la ninghai_n cioki_n sinho_n xetie_n puontun_n cumuen_n tunchi_fw-la haigan_n sin_v haifung_a nan._n the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n in_o this_o province_n mention_v in_o the_o chinese_n toll-book_n appear_v to_o be_v 12_o hundred_o 42_o thousand_o 1_o hundred_o and_o 35_o family_n and_o 55_o hundred_o 25_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 70_o fight_a men._n the_o public_a revenue_n pay_v to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o 25_o hundred_o 10_o thousand_o 2_o hundred_o and_o 99_o sack_n of_o salt_n 3_o hundred_o and_o 70_o thousand_o 4_o hundred_o and_o 60_o pound_n of_o unwrought_a silk_n and_o 2_o thousand_o 5_o hundred_o and_o 74_o rowls_n of_o wrought_a silk_n beside_o all_o which_o the_o great_a ship_n of_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n call_v jungychuen_n come_v every_o year_n to_o lade_v with_o silk_n which_o be_v very_o rich_a and_o curious_o wrought_v for_o his_o majesty_n own_o use_n the_o silk_n be_v interweave_v with_o gold_n
but_o within_o these_o 140_o year_n mahumetanism_n seem_v to_o outstrip_v the_o other_o have_v more_o proselyte_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o island_n be_v bantam_n which_o be_v very_o famous_a for_o trade_n choribon_n and_o japara_n from_o whence_o the_o english_a and_o hollander_n fetch_v their_o pepper_n in_o great_a quantity_n there_o be_v former_o in_o the_o place_n where_o the_o city_n of_o batavia_n be_v build_v which_o the_o hollander_n take_v by_o force_n of_o arm_n from_o the_o native_n a_o city_n call_v caloppa_n which_o in_o the_o time_n of_o cornelius_n houtman_n the_o chief_a promoter_n and_o contriver_n of_o the_o east-india_n navigation_n be_v replenish_v with_o more_o than_o three_o thousand_o house_n beside_o several_a fort_n and_o bulwark_n but_o the_o english_a who_o endeavour_v to_o make_v themselves_o absolute_a and_o sole_a master_n of_o the_o trade_n in_o this_o island_n suborn_v several_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o to_o gain_v they_o on_o their_o side_n and_o by_o this_o mean_n cause_v the_o whole_a city_n to_o be_v total_o destroy_v the_o hollander_n on_o the_o other_o side_n to_o frustrate_v this_o their_o design_n build_v two_o strong_a fort_n whereof_o one_o be_v call_v mauritius_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n and_o the_o other_o nassau_n in_o memory_n of_o that_o great_a captain_n both_o these_o place_n be_v always_o well_o provide_v against_o the_o continual_a assault_n of_o those_o of_o java_n who_o be_v still_o endeavour_v to_o drive_v the_o hollander_n out_o of_o this_o their_o plantation_n at_o last_o after_o some_o year_n the_o hollander_n the_o better_a to_o withstand_v the_o violent_a incursion_n of_o the_o native_n build_v a_o new_a city_n fare_v strong_a than_o the_o other_o where_o former_o the_o old_a caloppa_n or_o jacatra_n be_v situate_v and_o call_v it_o batavia_n this_o batavia_n which_o lie_v in_o the_o height_n of_o 6_o degree_n and_o 10_o minute_n be_v foursquare_a a_o river_n run_v through_o the_o town_n which_o make_v as_o it_o be_v two_o entire_a city_n the_o lesser_a half_n exceed_v the_o other_o in_o strength_n in_o regard_n of_o a_o invincible_a castle_n in_o it_o which_o for_o its_o better_a defence_n be_v encompass_v with_o four_o bulwark_n with_o deep_a moat_n round_o about_o the_o city_n be_v very_o populous_a and_o consist_v of_o native_n chinese_n and_o hollander_n and_o adorn_v with_o stately_a structure_n and_o the_o street_n plant_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o indian_a tree_n so_o that_o you_o walk_v cool_a in_o the_o great_a heat_n on_o the_o seaside_n which_o be_v narrow_o guard_v lie_v a_o safe_a and_o commodious_a harbour_n for_o ship_n the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o naked_a sword_n with_o a_o laurel_n garland_n here_o the_o general_n who_o command_v in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o unite_a province_n over_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n in_o india_n have_v his_o residence_n who_o be_v provide_v with_o no_o less_o power_n and_o authority_n than_o former_o the_o stadtholder_n and_o chief_a commander_n of_o these_o part_n be_v wont_a to_o enjoy_v and_o life_n in_o no_o less_o pomp_n and_o state_n than_o the_o prince_n of_o europe_n and_o this_o great_a honour_n and_o authority_n be_v confer_v upon_o he_o that_o the_o native_n dazzle_v with_o the_o splendour_n of_o his_o greatness_n may_v so_o be_v the_o better_o reduce_v under_o obedience_n but_o with_o this_o commander_n in_o chief_n be_v join_v a_o council_n who_o advice_n be_v always_o to_o be_v take_v in_o matter_n of_o peace_n and_o war_n the_o protection_n and_o safety_n of_o the_o country_n and_o the_o commerce_n thereof_o the_o judicature_n consist_v of_o a_o precedent_n and_o several_a alderman_n there_o be_v one_o general_a guild_n or_o chamber_n of_o account_n to_o which_o all_o the_o rest_n which_o be_v in_o india_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o hollander_n be_v responsible_a the_o whole_a city_n lie_v surround_v with_o thirteen_o strong_a bulwark_n which_o have_v be_v often_o attempt_v and_o assault_v by_o the_o native_n but_o be_v not_o to_o be_v master_v the_o hollander_n make_v former_o a_o contract_n at_o java_n with_o the_o king_n of_o those_o part_n about_o the_o business_n of_o commerce_n but_o when_o they_o begin_v to_o deal_v treacherous_o contrary_a to_o the_o article_n of_o agreement_n in_o raise_v the_o impost_n it_o be_v think_v fit_a to_o erect_v a_o castle_n or_o fort_n in_o the_o city_n the_o english_a at_o that_o time_n hold_v a_o straight_a correspondence_n and_o amity_n with_o the_o hollander_n but_o it_o so_o happen_v that_o fear_n and_o jealousy_n and_o misunderstanding_n arise_v between_o they_o so_o that_o after_o a_o bloody_a fight_n of_o eleven_o english_a ship_n against_o seven_o hollander_n which_o continue_v from_o morning_n till_o night_n our_o party_n be_v force_v to_o fly_v and_o to_o retreat_v to_o amboyna_n and_o there_o to_o rally_v more_o force_n the_o king_n of_o jacatra_n upon_o this_o occasion_n make_v a_o agreement_n with_o the_o english_a and_o join_v their_o force_n together_o lay_v close_a siege_n to_o the_o new_a fort_n which_o defend_v itself_o gallant_o for_o six_o month_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o hollander_n bring_v several_a of_o their_o ship_n from_o the_o malava_n island_n to_o the_o number_n of_o eighteen_o which_o come_v thither_o to_o relieve_v their_o besiege_a countryman_n the_o english_a have_v advice_n of_o their_o come_n leave_v the_o siege_n bring_v the_o cannon_n aboard_o and_o set_v sail_n through_o the_o straight_a of_o sunda_n the_o general_n john_n peterson_n koene_n who_o be_v new_o arrive_v with_o a_o fleet_n from_o holland_n not_o doubt_v of_o the_o treachery_n of_o the_o king_n though_o he_o endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o lay_v all_o the_o blame_n upon_o the_o english_a land_a his_o man_n with_o good_a order_n and_o conduct_v who_o after_o a_o few_o hour_n refreshment_n prepare_v themselves_o to_o assault_v the_o besieger_n which_o they_o do_v and_o after_o some_o little_a opposition_n break_v through_o the_o trench_n and_o get_v into_o the_o city_n the_o king_n find_v his_o force_n defeat_v and_o the_o town_n relieve_v save_v himself_o by_o flight_n leave_v the_o residue_n of_o his_o army_n to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o hollander_n who_o put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n except_o woman_n and_o child_n yea_o the_o city_n of_o jacatra_n itself_o be_v lay_v in_o ash_n and_o the_o wall_n level_v with_o the_o ground_n after_o this_o great_a victory_n the_o hollander_n strong_o fortify_v themselves_o in_o those_o part_n which_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o island_n java_n perceive_v conclude_v to_o besiege_v this_o our_o new_a erect_a city_n of_o batavia_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1629._o he_o encamp_v himself_o under_o the_o wall_n make_v several_a assault_n upon_o the_o place_n but_o be_v still_o beat_v off_o with_o considerable_a loss_n the_o great_a attempt_n which_o the_o enemy_n make_v be_v upon_o september_n 20._o in_o the_o night_n but_o they_o be_v likewise_o force_v to_o retreat_n with_o a_o great_a slaughter_n who_o dead_a body_n be_v no_o small_a annoyance_n to_o the_o besiege_a against_o this_o inconvenience_n they_o burn_v several_a odoriferous_a gum_n to_o prevent_v the_o contagion_n which_o may_v proceed_v from_o thence_o among_o other_o remarkable_a passage_n that_o happen_v during_o this_o siege_n be_v that_o storm_n most_o to_o be_v admire_v which_o the_o enemy_n make_v upon_o a_o fort_n situate_v at_o the_o far_a corner_n of_o the_o city_n which_o be_v only_o guard_v by_o sixteen_o soldier_n who_o show_v far_o great_a courage_n in_o make_v their_o defence_n than_o the_o assaulter_n in_o the_o attempt_n with_o their_o whole_a army_n for_o after_o that_o they_o have_v spend_v all_o their_o powder_n and_o shot_n they_o untile_v the_o very_a fort_n and_o with_o the_o shard_n thereof_o do_v very_o great_a execution_n upon_o the_o enemy_n which_o ammunition_n be_v likewise_o spend_v and_o have_v nothing_o offensive_a they_o at_o last_o empty_v the_o house-of-office_n with_o chamber-pot_n and_o fling_v the_o excrement_n and_o so_o at_o once_o both_o perfume_v and_o paint_v the_o naked_a body_n of_o the_o enemy_n who_o at_o last_o perceive_v that_o those_o of_o the_o city_n intend_v to_o sally_n out_o and_o relieve_v their_o fellow_n soldier_n they_o raise_v the_o siege_n cry_v out_o in_o their_o language_n o_o you_o stink_a holland_n devil_n you_o fight_v with_o tantoblin_n and_o your_o arm_n be_v turdy-pistical_a after_o the_o space_n of_o eight_o day_n we_o come_v upon_o the_o 22._o in_o sight_n of_o paulo_n teymon_n which_o be_v a_o pleasant_a wondrous_a and_o delightful_a island_n as_o be_v expess_v in_o the_o adjoin_a print_n full_a of_o wood_n hill_n and_o dale_n here_o we_o send_v our_o boat_n ashore_o to_o fetch_v wood_n and_o fresh_a water_n wherewith_o we_o have_v not_o at_o first_o so_o well_o provide_v ourselves_o as_o we_o ought_v to_o have_v
do_v in_o this_o island_n grow_v the_o leaf_n betel_fw-mi in_o great_a abundance_n much_o in_o request_n among_o the_o javaner_n who_o fetch_v whole_a boats-full_a we_o make_v no_o long_a stay_n here_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o we_o have_v get_v our_o provision_n aboard_o we_o set_v sail_n to_o pursue_v our_o voyage_n and_o on_o the_o 1._o of_o july_n come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o large_a continent_n leave_v couchinchina_n north_n north-west_n and_o about_o noon_n we_o hâ—d_v the_o height_n of_o 20_o degree_n and_o 6_o minute_n we_o sail_v along_o the_o coast_n which_o be_v very_o pleasant_a this_o couchinchina_n be_v part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o gannan_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o neighbour_n country_n that_o be_v situate_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n but_o yet_o belong_v to_o the_o chinese_n for_o under_o this_o gannan_n be_v situate_v the_o kingdom_n of_o tungk_v and_o kianchi_n or_o couchinchina_n both_o which_o be_v former_o call_v nankiao_n the_o emperor_n haionus_fw-la who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o hana_n be_v a_o valiant_a prince_n conquer_v first_o of_o all_o these_o country_n which_o he_o plant_v and_o afterward_o govern_v the_o inhabitant_n thereof_o according_a to_o the_o law_n and_o manner_n of_o the_o chinese_n this_o same_o emperor_n be_v also_o the_o first_o who_o name_v these_o country_n and_o the_o inhabitant_n kiaoch_n but_o afterward_o the_o family_n of_o tanga_n call_v they_o by_o the_o name_n of_o kiaochians_n but_o it_o seem_v that_o the_o chinese_n never_o make_v any_o account_n of_o these_o country_n in_o regard_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n according_a to_o the_o say_v of_o the_o chinese_n be_v wild_a and_o uncivil_a in_o their_o conversation_n but_o other_o say_v they_o do_v it_o more_o out_o of_o fear_n because_o they_o know_v very_o well_o that_o the_o inhabitant_n far_o exceed_v they_o in_o strength_n of_o body_n and_o be_v desirous_a rather_o to_o live_v conformable_a to_o their_o own_o law_n and_o custom_n and_o have_v their_o own_o king_n than_o submit_v their_o neck_n under_o the_o yoke_n of_o the_o chinese_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o family_n of_o taiminga_n for_o the_o space_n of_o 290_o year_n these_o people_n be_v bring_v under_o the_o lash_n of_o the_o emperor_n hunguus_fw-la but_o this_o country_n be_v afterward_o make_v over_o to_o a_o petty_a king_n call_v chin_n who_o soon_o be_v make_v away_o by_o his_o three_o governor_n who_o be_v of_o the_o family_n of_o ly_n and_o so_o possess_v themselves_o of_o the_o realm_n when_o the_o emperor_n junglos_n observe_v the_o troublesome_a condition_n of_o that_o kingdom_n he_o cause_v two_o of_o the_o governor_n to_o be_v put_v to_o death_n but_o the_o three_o escape_v by_o flight_n and_o the_o emperor_n afterward_o reduce_v the_o kingdom_n of_o gannam_n into_o a_o province_n but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o lay_v down_o his_o arm_n but_o the_o fugitive_n lie_n begin_v to_o appear_v again_o in_o the_o field_n and_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o do_v he_o speedy_o send_v ambassador_n to_o pacify_v the_o emperor_n at_o that_o time_n sivanteus_fw-la be_v emperor_n a_o peaceable_a man_n and_o more_o a_o slave_n to_o his_o pleasure_n than_o a_o prince_n of_o his_o country_n this_o emperor_n be_v weary_a of_o all_o these_o mutiny_n and_o trouble_n make_v over_o again_o this_o country_n to_o this_o same_o lie_n and_o install_v he_o as_o a_o petty_a prince_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v send_v to_o he_o every_o three_o year_n a_o ambassador_n with_o great_a present_n and_o in_o this_o manner_n these_o part_n be_v divide_v from_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n about_o the_o year_n 1428._o but_o these_o country_n notwithstanding_o all_o this_o grow_v very_o troublesome_a be_v full_a of_o division_n so_o that_o at_o last_o they_o come_v to_o be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n the_o first_o be_v call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o laos_n the_o second_o the_o kingdom_n of_o tunk_v and_o the_o three_o couchinchina_n which_o at_o present_a be_v no_o other_o than_o part_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n and_o junnan_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o these_o three_o kingdom_n laos_n tunk_v and_o couchinchina_n follow_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o chinese_n they_o likewise_o use_v the_o chinese_n character_n but_o yet_o differ_v very_o much_o in_o speech_n and_o pronunciation_n from_o they_o these_o country_n be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o every_o thing_n belong_v to_o the_o sustenance_n of_o mankind_n among_o other_o innumerable_a tree_n and_o fruit_n there_o grow_v a_o bean_n which_o make_v a_o oil_n or_o juice_n by_o the_o portuguese_n call_v rosamalia_n from_o hence_o come_v likewise_o in_o great_a abundance_n the_o eagle-wood_n which_o be_v of_o a_o purple_a colour_n and_o be_v know_v to_o the_o spaniard_n by_o the_o name_n of_o lacca_n and_o use_v in_o china_n to_o die_v and_o colour_v silk-stuffs_a it_o produce_v likewise_o good_a store_n of_o linen_n silk_n and_o cotton_n among_o other_o sort_n of_o monkey_n here_o be_v also_o find_v one_o call_v singsiing_n the_o manner_n of_o take_v they_o in_o the_o wood_n be_v to_o set_v wine_n before_o they_o with_o which_o they_o be_v fuddle_v fall_v asleep_a and_o so_o be_v take_v nap_v their_o blood_n make_v a_o excellent_a purple_a dye_n upon_o the_o 14._o we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o island_n maccoa_n and_o keep_v we_o by_o the_o height_n of_o 21_o degree_n and_o 10_o minute_n in_o the_o evening_n we_o anchor_v and_o the_o next_o morning_n we_o set_v sail._n we_o see_v lie_v upon_o the_o shore_n several_a boat_n but_o not_o one_o will_v come_v aboard_o notwithstanding_o all_o the_o sign_n we_o make_v to_o invite_v they_o so_o wondrous_a fearful_a they_o be_v of_o the_o pirate_n cokese_v they_o who_o at_o that_o time_n hold_v the_o coast_n in_o continual_a alarm_n and_o who_o they_o undoubted_o take_v we_o to_o be_v two_o day_n we_o sail_v under_o this_o island_n thence_o pass_v by_o the_o most_o famous_a and_o wealthy_a city_n of_o maccoa_n maccoa_n and_o though_o we_o come_v not_o near_o it_o yet_o i_o shall_v relate_v what_o i_o have_v understand_v from_o other_o concern_v the_o magnificence_n of_o this_o place_n whereof_o you_o have_v a_o draught_n as_o it_o be_v take_v at_o sea_n sail_v thus_o by_o the_o city_n of_o maccao_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n under_o the_o island_n of_o goyers_n so_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n opon_n the_o 18._o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o arrive_v about_o sunset_n only_o in_o company_n with_o the_o yacht_v koukerken_fw-mi for_o we_o lose_v the_o yacht_v bloemendael_n in_o the_o storm_n upon_o the_o coast_n of_o couchinchina_n which_o come_v not_o till_o 48_o day_n after_o we_o to_o canton_n very_o safe_a into_o the_o harbour_n of_o heytamon_n and_o drop_v our_o anchor_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o bay_n at_o six_o and_o a_o half_a fathom_n water_n this_o place_n be_v exceed_o pleasant_a and_o most_o commodious_a for_o trade_n on_o the_o water_n side_n delightful_a hill_n and_o dale_n behind_o as_o be_v to_o be_v see_v by_o the_o annex_v print_n we_o be_v no_o soon_o at_o anchor_n but_o a_o bark_n full_a of_o soldier_n board_v we_o who_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o governor_n be_v send_v to_o ask_v the_o occasion_n of_o our_o come_n hereupon_o the_o ambassador_n send_v hendrick_n baron_n ashore_o to_o acquaint_v he_o by_o word_n of_o mouth_n with_o the_o occasion_n of_o our_o arrival_n who_o when_o he_o come_v on_o shore_n be_v conduct_v into_o his_o bedchamber_n where_o he_o be_v receive_v very_o courteous_o and_o treat_v by_o he_o who_o ask_v why_o the_o hollander_n do_v return_v and_o whether_o they_o be_v not_o about_o two_o year_n since_o express_o forbid_v to_o come_v to_o canton_n six_o day_n after_o on_o the_o 24._o come_v two_o mandorin_n from_o canton_n to_o view_v the_o credential_n they_o bring_v to_o the_o great_a cham_n and_o to_o that_o purpose_n they_o send_v for_o the_o ambassador_n to_o the_o governor_n house_n hereupon_o the_o ambassador_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n make_v up_o the_o river_n and_o come_v about_o noon_n to_o the_o village_n of_o lamme_n where_o they_o go_v ashore_o and_o be_v from_o thence_o conduct_v by_o the_o master_n of_o the_o ceremony_n to_o the_o governor_n palace_n at_o their_o entry_n they_o find_v the_o governor_n sit_v at_o a_o high_a table_n in_o the_o hall_n betwixt_o the_o two_o mandorin_n guard_v with_o soldier_n who_o civil_o treat_v we_o and_o be_v serviceable_a unto_o we_o after_o compliment_n pass_v the_o ambassador_n show_v their_o credential_n at_o a_o distance_n against_o which_o the_o mandorin_n have_v nothing_o to_o object_n and_o then_o chair_n be_v set_v for_o the_o ambassador_n to_o sit_v down_o which_o be_v do_v the_o mandorin_n and_o governor_n begin_v to_o ask_v
several_a question_n concern_v the_o trade_n and_o condition_n of_o the_o unite_a netherlands_o which_o be_v answer_v by_o the_o ambassador_n they_o seem_v satisfy_v and_o return_v to_o the_o ship_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n upon_o the_o 29._o come_v again_o a_o new_a heyton_n with_o a_o vice-admiral_n as_o commissioner_n from_o canton_n to_o receive_v the_o ambassador_n and_o to_o conduct_v they_o thither_o whereupon_o the_o ambassador_n at_o their_o invitation_n go_v again_o ashore_o and_o be_v conduct_v to_o a_o idol-temple_n where_o be_v receive_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n they_o spread_v their_o credential_n upon_o the_o table_n then_o heyton_n begin_v to_o propose_v several_a question_n namely_o whether_o we_o do_v not_o sail_n from_o canton_n about_o two_o year_n what_o manner_n of_o ware_n and_o merchandises_n we_o have_v bring_v with_o we_o who_o be_v aboard_o the_o other_o ship_n and_o how_o they_o come_v to_o separate_v from_o we_o how_o many_o man_n and_o gun_n be_v in_o each_o ship_n why_o they_o do_v not_o come_v the_o last_o last_o year_n and_o why_o we_o stay_v away_o one_o year_n and_o then_o come_v the_o second_o when_o by_o who_o as_o also_o to_o what_o end_n the_o letter_n be_v write_v and_o the_o ambassador_n address_v themselves_o what_o present_v we_o have_v bring_v in_o particular_a for_o the_o emperor_n they_o seem_v to_o wonder_v very_o much_o that_o the_o ambassador_n have_v bring_v no_o letter_n to_o the_o teutang_n in_o canton_n and_o that_o the_o letter_n be_v put_v up_o so_o mean_o for_o they_o let_v they_o understand_v that_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o emperor_n ought_v to_o have_v be_v put_v up_o in_o a_o golden_a purse_n or_o box_n at_o least_o at_o last_o they_o thus_o make_v a_o conclusion_n that_o the_o next_o day_n they_o will_v come_v aboard_o our_o ship_n to_o receive_v the_o present_n hereupon_o the_o ambassador_n depart_v and_o go_v aboard_o again_o the_o next_o day_n the_o same_o commissioner_n with_o a_o great_a many_o courtier_n come_v aboard_o bring_v with_o they_o several_a vessel_n very_o handsome_o set_v off_o with_o silk_n flag_n and_o pennon_n to_o take_v in_o the_o present_n as_o well_o for_o the_o emperor_n as_o the_o canton_n vice-roys_n and_o the_o teutang_n which_o they_o receive_v with_o great_a civility_n the_o heyton_n come_v himself_o aboard_o to_o bid_v we_o welcome_a and_o carry_v the_o ambassador_n with_o their_o secretary_n henry_n baron_n and_o four_o of_o their_o follower_n in_o one_o of_o their_o vessel_n to_o the_o city_n of_o canton_n be_v accompany_v with_o the_o vice-admiral_n where_o be_v arrive_v the_o say_a commissioner_n go_v into_o the_o city_n without_o speak_v one_o word_n to_o the_o ambassador_n and_o after_o that_o the_o retinue_n have_v stay_v at_o least_o two_o hour_n at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n they_o be_v send_v for_o in_o the_o name_n of_o the_o viceroy_n and_o conduct_v to_o a_o lodging_n without_o the_o wall_n where_o former_o mr._n schedel_n have_v lodge_v and_o there_o guard_v and_o take_v care_n of_o by_o the_o city_n marshal_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 31._o there_o come_v to_o our_o lodging_n with_o commissioner_n the_o mandorin_n poetsiensin_n the_o emperor_n treasurer_n have_v the_o four_o voice_n of_o the_o government_n in_o the_o city_n they_o begin_v again_o to_o move_v several_a question_n to_o the_o ambassador_n ask_v they_o how_o many_o year_n they_o have_v be_v marry_v their_o name_n and_o former_a employment_n as_o likewise_o if_o they_o have_v no_o copy_n of_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o emperor_n and_o whether_o that_o letter_n be_v not_o write_v upon_o better_a paper_n than_o the_o epistle_n to_o the_o vice-roys_n wherefore_o and_o to_o what_o end_n they_o be_v chief_o send_v how_o their_o prince_n and_o king_n be_v call_v with_o several_a other_o question_n then_o they_o seem_v to_o mutter_v and_o be_v displease_v at_o the_o slight_a fashion_n of_o the_o credential_n to_o the_o request_n which_o the_o ambassador_n make_v that_o they_o may_v have_v audience_n of_o the_o vice-roys_n and_o have_v leave_v to_o go_v for_o peking_n they_o give_v no_o answer_n but_o go_v with_o the_o letter_n to_o the_o vice-roys_n they_o return_v again_o about_o noon_n and_o then_o begin_v to_o ask_v whether_o the_o prince_n and_o government_n of_o holland_n have_v no_o stamp_n not_o great_a seal_n for_o their_o letter_n and_o from_o what_o age_n of_o the_o world_n they_o be_v date_v and_o as_o concern_v the_o desire_n of_o the_o ambassador_n they_o give_v they_o to_o understand_v that_o neither_o the_o vice-roys_n nor_o the_o teutang_n nor_o any_o body_n else_o in_o canton_n have_v the_o power_n to_o give_v audience_n to_o any_o ambassador_n before_o they_o have_v first_o receive_v a_o answer_n to_o the_o letter_n which_o they_o have_v send_v to_o peking_n concern_v they_o however_o they_o give_v order_n that_o the_o yacht_a koukerken_n shall_v be_v bring_v near_o to_o the_o city_n and_o promise_v that_o the_o vice-roys_n to_o welcome_a the_o ambassador_n in_o a_o more_o than_o ordinary_a manner_n and_o to_o view_v the_o present_n which_o they_o have_v bring_v to_o the_o great_a cham_n will_v appear_v personal_o at_o their_o lodging_n wherefore_o upon_o the_o second_o of_o august_n we_o receive_v order_n to_o follow_v the_o ambassador_n with_o our_o yacht_n four_o great_a man_n of_o war_n of_o the_o viceroy_n be_v appoint_v to_o conduct_v we_o up_o the_o river_n about_o the_o evening_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n near_o a_o small_a castle_n where_o the_o river_n be_v above_o two_o mile_n broad_a and_o have_v lie_v upon_o both_o side_n several_a little_a island_n on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o this_o river_n upon_o a_o small_a hill_n stand_v a_o high_a tower_n very_o curious_o adorn_v with_o nine_o round_n the_o like_a tower_n also_o show_v itself_o upon_o a_o certain_a island_n over_o against_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n the_o country_n situate_v on_o both_o side_n of_o this_o river_n abound_v very_o much_o in_o village_n which_o be_v mighty_a populous_a and_o fruitful_a field_n afford_v twice_o every_o year_n the_o labour_a and_o diligent_a countryman_n a_o very_a rich_a harvest_n upon_o the_o four_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o come_v before_o the_o famous_a and_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n which_o be_v call_v by_o some_o quancheu_fw-la and_o the_o first_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n after_o our_o devotion_n and_o the_o take_a order_n about_o every_o thing_n aboard_o our_o ship_n we_o go_v that_o day_n ashore_o to_o the_o ambassador_n who_o we_o find_v lodge_v in_o a_o stately_a edifice_n situate_v upon_o the_o river_n side_n over_o against_o which_o lie_v our_o yacht_n and_o former_o have_v be_v a_o idol-temple_n the_o viceroy_n have_v order_v two_o mandorin_n to_o guard_n with_o a_o good_a number_n of_o soldier_n the_o gate_n for_o our_o security_n but_o no_o soon_o be_v the_o yacht_v come_v to_o the_o ambassador_n lodging_n but_o they_o must_v immediate_o though_o against_o their_o will_n return_v aboard_o again_o under_o pretence_n that_o no_o ambassador_n which_o be_v send_v to_o the_o emperor_n be_v to_o reside_v at_o canton_n without_o a_o express_a order_n from_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n they_o likewise_o allege_v for_o their_o excuse_n that_o the_o governor_n of_o canton_n will_v not_o be_v able_a to_o answer_v to_o the_o emperor_n concern_v any_o mischief_n or_o accident_n which_o may_v happen_v to_o the_o ambassador_n be_v ashore_o afterward_o the_o mandorin_n poetsiensin_n and_o heyton_n bring_v the_o credential_n open_v aboard_o say_v that_o the_o vice-roys_n dare_v not_o accept_v or_o keep_v they_o before_o they_o have_v receive_v advice_n from_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n as_o at_o the_o beginning_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o the_o whole_a relation_n of_o our_o travel_n i_o give_v a_o account_n in_o short_a of_o all_o the_o great_a and_o small_a city_n of_o the_o ten_o province_n in_o china_n through_o which_o i_o do_v not_o travel_v so_o now_o i_o find_v myself_o necessitate_v for_o the_o more_o particular_a information_n of_o the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n to_o relate_v brief_o the_o remain_v five_o province_n each_o in_o his_o due_a place_n and_o the_o number_n of_o city_n into_o which_o each_o province_n be_v divide_v all_o which_o i_o see_v myself_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n which_o be_v the_o twelve_o in_o number_n among_o the_o fifteen_o into_o which_o all_o china_n be_v divide_v be_v encompass_v on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n on_o the_o north-west_n and_o north_n with_o that_o of_o kiangsi_n on_o the_o north-east_n it_o border_n upon_o foke_v from_o which_o it_o be_v separate_v by_o steep_a hill_n and_o mountain_n and_o the_o river_n ting_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o province_n border_n on_o the_o sea_n which_o
for_o which_o he_o return_v thankful_a acknowledgement_n and_o so_o part_v a_o few_o day_n before_o his_o departure_n whilst_o they_o be_v make_v preparation_n for_o the_o army_n this_o viceroy_n send_v to_o his_o wizard_n sorcerer_n and_o soothsayer_n to_o who_o response_n the_o chinese_n give_v no_o small_a credit_n who_o draw_v their_o prediction_n from_o the_o configuration_n and_o position_n of_o the_o star_n and_o from_o the_o inspection_n of_o the_o entrail_n of_o fowl_n and_o the_o like_a for_o the_o most_o part_n astrological_o foretell_v good_a or_o bad_a success_n to_o the_o intend_a expedition_n these_o juggle_a augurer_n consult_v and_o positive_o tell_v the_o viceroy_n both_o by_o bird_n and_o malignant_a aspect_n that_o the_o whole_a undertake_n will_v be_v unfortunate_a and_o extreme_o prejudicial_a both_o to_o himself_o the_o army_n and_o the_o country_n but_o this_o young_a prince_n be_v whole_o bend_v upon_o the_o design_n to_o purchase_v himself_o immortal_a honour_n by_o prowess_n and_o force_n of_o arm_n be_v resolve_v to_o proceed_v notwithstanding_o all_o those_o great_a discouragement_n from_o his_o fable_a fortune-teller_n for_o so_o they_o prove_v the_o success_n fall_v out_o quite_o contrary_a he_o bring_v under_o absolute_a subjection_n the_o whole_a province_n to_o the_o tartar_n upon_o which_o account_n their_o vaticination_n not_o only_o prove_v frivolous_a but_o quite_o contrary_a they_o flee_v abscond_v themselves_o lest_o they_o may_v suffer_v at_o the_o return_n of_o the_o viceroy_n who_o will_v have_v handle_v they_o very_o severe_o but_o however_o they_o be_v absent_a the_o storm_n fall_v on_o their_o idol_n and_o temple_n which_o he_o raze_v to_o the_o very_a ground_n and_o burn_v the_o image_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n we_o return_v with_o the_o ambassador_n to_o our_o lodging_n where_o we_o see_v the_o whole_a fleet_n under_o sail_n have_v the_o army_n aboard_o follow_v the_o viceroy_n both_o these_o vice-roys_n be_v of_o noble_a family_n bear_v and_o educate_v in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n we_o think_v at_o first_o that_o the_o young_a viceroy_n have_v be_v the_o son_n of_o the_o old_a viceroy_n but_o we_o understand_v afterward_o that_o they_o be_v nothing_o akin_a but_o only_o great_a friend_n and_o prince_n of_o one_o and_o the_o same_o power_n and_o who_o have_v both_o undergo_v one_o and_o the_o same_o misfortune_n for_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o have_v behead_v both_o their_o father_n the_o son_n therefore_o to_o prevent_v the_o like_a disaster_n which_o it_o seem_v they_o dread_v flee_v to_o this_o province_n of_o quantung_n which_o at_o that_o time_n the_o great_a cham_n have_v invade_v with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o have_v bring_v most_o of_o the_o country_n under_o his_o obedience_n this_o occasion_n afford_v these_o young_a prince_n a_o opportunity_n to_o revenge_v their_o father_n death_n upon_o the_o emperor_n to_o effect_v this_o they_o endeavour_v to_o get_v some_o dependence_n upon_o the_o tartar_n and_o ground_v their_o complaint_n to_o the_o great_a cham_n upon_o the_o misfortune_n of_o their_o renown_a family_n desire_v withal_o help_v and_o assistance_n to_o recover_v the_o same_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n the_o great_a cham_n find_v so_o many_o testimony_n and_o good_a ground_n for_o faithful_a deal_v in_o these_o prince_n that_o he_o confer_v upon_o they_o both_o great_a honour_n and_o dignity_n the_o elder_a he_o honour_v with_o the_o title_n of_o pignowan_n and_o the_o other_o with_o the_o name_n of_o synowa_n which_o among_o the_o chinese_n be_v name_n of_o the_o high_a and_o chief_a office_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o such_o chief_a officer_n command_v and_o rule_n with_o the_o same_o power_n over_o some_o province_n as_o the_o vice-roys_n here_o in_o europe_n that_o these_o warlike_a prince_n have_v since_o that_o time_n sufficient_o revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o father_n upon_o the_o 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end_v and_o the_o compliment_n perform_v they_o take_v horse_n and_o return_v to_o their_o lodging_n we_o depart_v upon_o the_o 17._o of_o march_n with_o all_o our_o train_n from_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n and_o be_v row_v up_o the_o river_n of_o tai_n close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o city_n which_o show_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n upon_o the_o water_n the_o small_a town_n which_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o peking_n and_o canton_n signify_v our_o kind_a reception_n by_o the_o thunder_a voice_n of_o their_o cannon_n as_o we_o pass_v by_o have_v sail_v and_o row_v several_a reaches_n of_o this_o broad_a and_o spacious_a river_n we_o at_o last_o leave_v the_o channel_n and_o strike_v into_o another_o a_o arm_n of_o this_o great_a one_o that_o disembogue_n itself_o into_o the_o same_o towards_o the_o north._n the_o chineses_n call_v this_o branch_n zin_n but_o those_o of_o europe_n the_o european_a stream_n we_o make_v so_o much_o speed_v that_o day_n that_o towards_o the_o evening_n we_o come_v to_o a_o village_n call_v sahu_n this_o place_n though_o not_o very_o large_a nor_o famous_a yet_o be_v of_o pleasant_a situation_n and_o about_o six_o mile_n from_o canton_n the_o soil_n be_v very_o fruitful_a and_o encompass_v with_o tree_n hill_n and_o vales._n there_o be_v several_a good_a edifice_n in_o this_o place_n though_o most_o of_o they_o inhabit_v by_o peasant_n and_o handicraftsman_n which_o be_v chief_o silk-weaver_n who_o live_v by_o weave_v great_a quantity_n of_o silk-stuffs_a for_o the_o merchant_n at_o canton_n we_o stay_v here_o all_o night_n and_o in_o the_o morning_n early_o set_v sail._n upon_o the_o 19_o of_o march_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n before_o the_o city_n of_o xantung_n be_v the_o eleven_o small_a city_n belong_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o canton_n and_o lie_v distant_a from_o thence_o about_o twenty_o mile_n this_o city_n on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o river_n lie_v in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a vale_n and_o be_v surround_v on_o the_o land_n side_n with_o delightful_a pasture_n and_o hill_n it_o be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o be_v former_o exceed_v populous_a and_o full_a of_o trade_n we_o get_v thus_o far_o sometime_o with_o row_v sail_v and_o tow_v against_o the_o stream_n which_o have_v so_o tire_v the_o chinese_n who_o be_v put_v to_o this_o slavish_a labour_n that_o we_o be_v oblige_v to_o stay_v by_o the_o way_n till_o they_o have_v rest_v and_o refresh_v themselves_o the_o magistrate_n of_o the_o place_n cause_v the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n to_o be_v guard_v with_o two_o foot-company_n to_o welcome_a and_o receive_v the_o ambassador_n with_o the_o more_o state_n they_o send_v likewise_o a_o few_o present_n for_o the_o ambassador_n table_n but_o they_o understand_v it_o be_v all_o upon_o the_o emperor_n account_n and_o by_o his_o order_n who_o allow_v ten_o time_n more_o than_o what_o they_o send_v think_v good_a to_o refuse_v their_o civility_n both_o here_o and_o in_o all_o other_o place_n where_o they_o come_v which_o they_o do_v with_o great_a respect_n here_o we_o go_v ashore_o which_o be_v the_o first_o time_n since_o we_o come_v aboard_o and_o pitch_v a_o tent_n at_o a_o little_a distance_n from_o the_o city_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n in_o a_o open_a and_o plain_a field_n the_o tartar_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o show_v some_o pastime_n exercise_v their_o arm_n before_o the_o tent_n of_o the_o ambassador_n which_o be_v perform_v by_o they_o with_o much_o dexterity_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v one_o with_o a_o bow_n and_o arrow_n who_o be_v so_o rare_a a_o marksman_n that_o he_o shoot_v thrice_o together_o through_o the_o white_a no_o broad_a than_o the_o palm_n of_o a_o hand_n at_o the_o distance_n of_o thirty_o five_o pace_n for_o which_o he_o be_v reward_v with_o a_o small_a piece_n of_o money_n the_o secretary_n of_o the_o viceroy_n for_o the_o more_o
safety_n and_o for_o the_o great_a splendour_n have_v conduct_v we_o thus_o far_o take_v leave_v and_o go_v back_o for_o canton_n but_o be_v most_o noble_o treat_v by_o the_o ambassador_n the_o night_n before_o we_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n make_v all_o thing_n ready_a and_o set_v sail_n again_o with_o fair_a wind_n and_o wether_n but_o be_v force_v to_o be_v tow_v up_o the_o river_n be_v against_o the_o stream_n and_o narrow_a into_o which_o fall_v several_a torrent_n from_o the_o adjacent_a hill_n so_o that_o we_o go_v but_o very_o slow_o and_o that_o with_o great_a labour_n and_o trouble_v which_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v fain_o to_o undergo_v here_o we_o see_v into_o what_o a_o miserable_a condition_n the_o chineses_n be_v reduce_v by_o the_o last_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o put_v they_o upon_o this_o slavish_a labour_n of_o tow_v and_o row_v their_o boat_n use_v they_o worse_o than_o beast_n at_o their_o pleasure_n without_o any_o exception_n of_o person_n either_o young_a or_o old_a often_o the_o track_v way_n on_o the_o river_n side_n be_v so_o narrow_a uneven_a and_o steep_a that_o if_o they_o shall_v slip_v they_o will_v infallible_o break_v their_o neck_n as_o many_o time_n it_o happen_v now_o and_o then_o they_o walk_v up_o to_o the_o middle_a in_o water_n and_o if_o any_o of_o they_o grow_v faint_a and_o weary_a there_o be_v one_o that_o follow_v have_v charge_n of_o the_o boat_n who_o never_o leave_v beat_v of_o they_o till_o they_o go_v on_o or_o die_v but_o these_o poor_a creature_n be_v no_o where_o so_o miserable_o harass_v out_o as_o in_o this_o dangerous_a and_o steep_a mountainous_a part_n of_o sangwanhab_n on_o which_o account_n perhaps_o none_o will_v or_o dare_v live_v there_o for_o we_o see_v there_o but_o one_o poor_a despicable_a village_n where_o some_o few_o people_n dwell_v who_o countenance_n sufficient_o declare_v what_o hardship_n they_o undergo_v the_o most_o ancient_a greek_n and_o roman_n who_o former_o subdue_v whole_a country_n never_o deal_v so_o barbarous_o by_o those_o who_o they_o conquer_v as_o these_o unmerciful_a tartar_n who_o by_o their_o cruel_a usage_n in_o this_o last_o invasion_n have_v not_o only_o lay_v waste_n abundance_n of_o noble_a city_n town_n and_o village_n which_o be_v now_o place_n for_o bird_n and_o beast_n to_o roost_v in_o but_o they_o have_v likewise_o make_v slave_n of_o the_o best_a of_o the_o native_n upon_o the_o 21._o of_o march_n about_o midnight_n we_o come_v with_o all_o our_o train_n to_o sanyvum_fw-la the_o magistrate_n of_o this_o place_n meet_v we_o on_o the_o way_n and_o with_o their_o respective_a salute_v present_v we_o for_o the_o table_n which_o for_o the_o reason_n aforesaid_a be_v not_o accept_v this_o place_n be_v not_o very_o large_a lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n distant_a from_o xanxui_fw-la and_o be_v former_o for_o its_o situation_n potent_a and_o populous_a but_o in_o this_o last_o war_n whole_o ruin_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o give_v the_o same_o usage_n to_o all_o such_o city_n as_o be_v not_o able_a to_o withstand_v they_o here_o we_o get_v fresh_a track-man_n our_o old_a one_o be_v quite_o tire_v to_o draw_v we_o up_o the_o river_n against_o the_o stream_n and_o torrent_n which_o fall_v from_o this_o wonderful_a mountain_n sagwanhab_n the_o height_n of_o this_o mountain_n be_v very_o observable_a for_o the_o top_n thereof_o be_v envelop_v with_o cloud_n which_o make_v the_o passage_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o hill_n obscure_a on_o one_o side_n of_o this_o prodigious_a mountain_n stand_v a_o idol_n temple_n rich_o adorn_v and_o most_o artificial_o build_v to_o which_o these_o poor_a creature_n resort_v conceive_v all_o their_o welfare_n to_o consist_v in_o offer_v to_o this_o idol_n adore_v it_o as_o their_o preserver_n 〈…〉_z up_o by_o step_n to_o this_o temple_n which_o stand_v on_o that_o side_n of_o the_o mountain_n next_o the_o river_n there_o be_v several_a strange_a mountain_n and_o hill_n find_v in_o china_n but_o none_o be_v to_o be_v compare_v with_o this_o of_o sangwonhab_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o stuation_n and_o extraordinary_a height_n near_o to_o xunte_v 〈◊〉_d second_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v lungnien_n from_o wheâ—e_n run_v a_o torrent_n as_o clear_a as_o crystal_n upon_o this_o mountain_n be_v find_v certain_a rough_a stone_n of_o strange_a and_o wonderful_a shape_n which_o the_o chineses_n make_v use_n of_o in_o their_o way_n of_o trade_n near_o to_o tangnon_n the_o three_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v the_o mountain_n tahi_n upon_o the_o east-side_n where_o lie_v 36_o small_a island_n near_o to_o this_o city_n likewise_o lie_v the_o mountain_n heuteu_n which_o serve_v such_o skipper_n as_o be_v bind_v for_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n for_o a_o landmark_n near_o to_o cingyven_v the_o seven_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v a_o great_a mountain_n call_v talo_fw-la which_o be_v surround_v with_o steep_a and_o sharp_a top_n among_o which_o lie_v rich_a and_o pleasant_a meadow_n where_o dwell_v several_a wild_a and_o uncivilise_v people_n who_o oftentimes_o make_v inroad_n upon_o the_o adjacent_a place_n to_o steal_v what_o they_o can_v these_o wild_a and_o irregular_a people_n live_v according_a to_o their_o own_o law_n without_o any_o subjection_n to_o the_o chinese_n near_o to_o the_o six_o small_a city_n of_o canton_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v yaimuen_o from_o this_o mountain_n the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o race_n of_o sunga_n after_o that_o the_o tartar_n have_v conquer_a he_o and_o drive_v he_o out_o of_o the_o country_n fling_v himself_o headlong_o out_o of_o despair_n into_o the_o sea_n we_o be_v three_o day_n hover_v up_o and_o down_o before_o we_o can_v get_v from_o among_o these_o strange_a and_o solitary_a mountain_n and_o see_v in_o all_o that_o time_n but_o one_o poor_a village_n call_v quantonlow_n which_o lie_v so_o lonely_a that_o it_o be_v strange_a how_o any_o people_n dare_v live_v in_o it_o in_o some_o place_n of_o this_o island_n between_o the_o hill_n which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a lie_v several_a pleasant_a and_o fruitful_a cornfield_n upon_o the_o 24._o of_o march_n we_o come_v to_o a_o certain_a small_a city_n call_v yntag_n the_o six_o small_a city_n of_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n here_o we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o let_v fall_v our_o anchor_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o violent_a stream_n and_o the_o great_a torrent_n which_o fall_v from_o the_o hill_n for_o those_o that_o tow_v the_o the_o boat_n be_v quite_o spend_v we_o be_v force_v to_o give_v they_o some_o rest_n to_o recover_v their_o strength_n again_o this_o violent_a and_o strong_a stream_n have_v drive_v the_o vessel_n of_o the_o ambassador_n against_o a_o blind_a rock_n which_o do_v very_o much_o endanger_v the_o loss_n both_o of_o ship_n and_o good_n this_o small_a city_n lie_v very_o pleasant_a upon_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o river_n on_o the_o right_a side_n over_o against_o the_o mountain_n sangwonhab_n it_o be_v fortify_v with_o high_a and_o indifferent_a strong_a wall_n and_o beautify_v with_o stately_a house_n and_o magnificent_a idol_n temple_n surround_v with_o pleasant_a hill_n delightful_a in_o prospect_n the_o suburb_n well_o and_o sufficient_a it_o be_v former_o very_o rich_a and_o populous_a and_o be_v provide_v with_o a_o safe_a harbour_n for_o vessel_n against_o the_o impetuous_a current_n of_o this_o river_n which_o be_v a_o great_a protection_n to_o they_o in_o stormy_a wether_n pass_v up_o and_o down_o at_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o harbour_n on_o the_o right_a side_n appear_v a_o very_a high_a tower_n build_v with_o great_a curiosity_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 25._o of_o march_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o that_o wonderful_a and_o strange_a idol_n temple_n call_v koniansiam_fw-la which_o the_o chineses_n hold_v in_o great_a veneration_n bring_v as_o rich_a and_o fat_a offering_n thither_o as_o to_o that_o of_o sangwonhab_n it_o lie_v on_o the_o river_n side_n in_o a_o solitary_a wild_a and_o mountainous_a country_n your_o first_o approach_n conduct_v you_o up_o with_o convenient_a stone_n step_v after_o you_o make_v your_o way_n through_o blind_a path_n and_o cavernous_a pass_n force_v with_o much_o art_n and_o industry_n these_o idolater_n believe_v as_o the_o ancient_a heathen_a that_o grove_n and_o high_a place_n be_v most_o venerable_a mansion_n and_o yield_v a_o more_o reverential_a awe_n to_o their_o god_n and_o less_o discover_v under_o a_o shade_n their_o priest_n juggle_v imposture_n we_o continue_v here_o a_o while_n with_o all_o our_o fleet_n till_o the_o native_n have_v perform_v their_o devotion_n at_o this_o temple_n which_o afterward_o our_o ambassador_n visit_v it_o be_v incredible_a to_o relate_v with_o how_o much_o superstitious_a zeal_n want_v our_o true_a light_n they_o pour_v forth_o there_o their_o
ejaculation_n and_o as_o free_o their_o bounty_n offer_v prodigal_o their_o country_n product_n of_o all_o sort_n of_o fruit_n bird_n and_o beast_n upon_o the_o 27._o of_o march_n in_o the_o evening_n we_o land_a at_o a_o place_n call_v by_o the_o chinese_n mongley_n with_o a_o most_o pleasant_a prospect_n at_o a_o distance_n and_o accommodate_v with_o stately_a soon_o step_v convey_v you_o from_o the_o waterside_n to_o the_o gate_n enter_v the_o city_n which_o be_v vest_v with_o high_a wall_n and_o fortify_v with_o tall_a bulwark_n and_o watch-tower_n it_o be_v wondrous_a pleasant_a to_o view_v from_o the_o battlement_n of_o this_o city_n the_o adjacent_a country_n thick_o shroud_v with_o delightful_a wood_n and_o mantling_n pasture_n in_o regard_v our_o drudge_n be_v quite_o tire_v out_o with_o tow_v their_o boat_n against_o the_o impetuous_a stream_n we_o get_v fresh_a yoke-man_n from_o hence_o but_o we_o be_v no_o soon_o under_o sail_n but_o the_o ambassador_n vessel_n run_v against_o a_o blind_a rock_n under_o water_n which_o have_v like_a to_o have_v endanger_v the_o loss_n both_o of_o ship_n and_o good_n the_o next_o day_n have_v pass_v some_o village_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n in_o pleasant_a ride_v where_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n treat_v we_o with_o their_o beloved_a the._n it_o be_v upon_o the_o 29._o of_o march_n when_o we_o come_v with_o the_o remainder_n of_o our_o fleet_n before_o the_o second_o chief_a city_n of_o xaocheu_fw-la this_o city_n lie_v about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o yntag_n upon_o a_o angle_n near_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n in_o regard_n of_o its_o situation_n and_o safe_a harbour_n of_o ship_n they_o have_v a_o very_a great_a trade_n by_o navigation_n towards_o the_o south_n this_o river_n have_v several_a name_n and_o be_v call_v scian_n and_o sometime_o scio_fw-la and_o have_v its_o source_n out_o of_o the_o river_n chin_n and_o valerio_n which_o both_o run_v into_o one_o not_o far_o from_o this_o city_n the_o place_n where_o these_o two_o water_n meet_v be_v well_o know_v by_o the_o chinese_n skipper_n to_o their_o sorrow_n because_o of_o the_o impetuous_a violence_n of_o the_o stream_n and_o the_o many_o blind_a rock_n which_o skulk_v under_o water_n on_o which_o in_o stress_n of_o wether_n they_o often_o suffer_v shipwreck_n the_o chineses_n to_o avoid_v this_o danger_n according_a to_o their_o custom_n have_v build_v here_o a_o idol_n temple_n by_o the_o waterside_n which_o be_v always_o first_o visit_v by_o such_o as_o intend_v to_o pass_v this_o way_n where_o they_o offer_v what_o they_o have_v to_o be_v protect_v in_o their_o voyage_n by_o the_o indulgence_n of_o this_o their_o favour_a god_n the_o city_n lie_v surround_v on_o one_o side_n with_o high_a and_o delightful_a hill_n and_o on_o the_o east_n side_n over_o the_o water_n have_v a_o suburb_n which_o be_v very_o populous_a rich_a and_o well_o build_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o water_n stand_v a_o tower_n artificial_o build_v upon_o a_o small_a rock_n according_a to_o the_o old_a fashion_n of_o the_o chinese_n that_o this_o be_v former_o a_o noble_a city_n full_a of_o stately_a building_n the_o many_o great_a ruin_n signify_v there_o yet_o remain_v a_o indifferent_a wall_n about_o it_o but_o within_o nothing_o but_o ruin_n and_o a_o heap_n of_o stone_n we_o pitch_v our_o tent_n near_o unto_o the_o wall_n where_o we_o have_v a_o fair_a reception_n by_o the_o magistrate_n and_o governor_n who_o bring_v several_a present_n for_o the_o ambassador_n table_n which_o be_v accept_v by_o the_o ambassador_n be_v not_o put_v upon_o the_o emperor_n account_n after_o they_o have_v salute_v each_o other_o and_o discourse_v of_o several_a affair_n they_o be_v most_o noble_o receive_v by_o the_o ambassador_n who_o treat_v they_o with_o so_o much_o respect_n that_o they_o be_v high_o please_v and_o promise_v to_o requite_v their_o kindness_n upon_o all_o occasion_n which_o do_v they_o take_v leave_v and_o return_v again_o to_o the_o city_n in_o the_o morning_n early_o we_o weigh_v from_o thence_o and_o have_v not_o long_o be_v under_o sail_n but_o we_o draw_v near_o a_o mountain_n which_o the_o tartar_n for_o its_o strange_a shape_n and_o form_n call_v five_o horse_n head_n upon_o the_o pinnacle_n of_o these_o hill_n which_o be_v envelop_v with_o cloud_n we_o see_v here_o and_o there_o several_a strange_a as_o well_o small_a as_o great_a edifice_n stand_v some_o of_o they_o be_v entire_a other_o decay_v and_o ruinous_a build_v time_n out_o of_o mind_n but_o that_o which_o seem_v most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o situation_n of_o those_o building_n which_o be_v erect_v upon_o such_o high_a and_o steep_a place_n altogether_o inaccessible_a that_o none_o can_v imagine_v a_o possible_a way_n for_o these_o people_n to_o carry_v up_o their_o material_n we_o be_v very_o desirous_a to_o have_v have_v a_o near_a view_n of_o these_o house_n and_o inhabitant_n there_o but_o we_o find_v by_o experience_n after_o some_o small_a trial_n of_o clamber_v up_o that_o our_o attempt_n be_v in_o vain_a we_o be_v no_o soon_o pass_v this_o mountain_n of_o the_o five_o horse_n head_n but_o we_o fall_v among_o other_o rock_n and_o steep_a ascent_n which_o we_o make_v a_o shift_n to_o escape_v though_o with_o great_a danger_n the_o river_n be_v full_a of_o lurk_v split_v ship_n lie_v under_o water_n therefore_o the_o inhabitant_n call_v these_o rock_n the_o five_o ugly_a devil_n at_o last_o we_o get_v safe_a to_o the_o last_o country_n of_o suytjeen_n where_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o five_o horse_n head_n show_v itself_o very_o wonderful_o to_o the_o eye_n at_o a_o distance_n but_o much_o more_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n of_o suytjeen_n which_o stand_v in_o such_o order_n upon_o the_o river_n as_o if_o art_n and_o not_o nature_n have_v place_v they_o there_o among_o these_o mountain_n lie_v several_a pleasant_a vale_n in_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n be_v well_o replenish_v with_o fruit-tree_n and_o herbage_n upon_o the_o four_o of_o april_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o famous_a city_n of_o namhun_n the_o three_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o province_n and_o immediate_o go_v ashore_o this_o metropolis_n lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o xaocheu_o and_o be_v the_o outward_a frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n which_o we_o have_v thus_o traverse_v from_o south_n to_o north._n the_o governor_n and_o magistrate_n of_o this_o city_n have_v notice_n of_o the_o come_n of_o the_o ambassador_n send_v a_o letter_n full_a of_o compliment_n to_o assure_v they_o of_o a_o cordial_a welcome_a not_o long_o after_o they_o address_v themselves_o in_o person_n who_o after_o that_o the_o ceremony_n of_o compliment_n have_v be_v reciprocal_o return_v earnest_o desire_v of_o the_o governor_n and_o magistrate_n that_o good_a order_n may_v be_v give_v for_o the_o speedy_a further_a of_o their_o journey_n to_o peking_n which_o they_o promise_v shall_v be_v do_v the_o ambassador_n to_o requite_v their_o civility_n treat_v they_o noble_o for_o which_o they_o return_v their_o thanks_o and_o have_v take_v their_o leave_n go_v back_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o the_o city_n the_o next_o day_n the_o ambassador_n city_n with_o all_o their_o follower_n be_v invite_v by_o the_o governor_n to_o a_o most_o splendid_a dinner_n who_o send_v they_o his_o gentleman_n to_o meet_v they_o at_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n and_o conduct_v they_o to_o his_o house_n where_o he_o wait_v their_o come_n with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o magistrate_n and_o some_o of_o the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o army_n the_o entertainment_n be_v every_o way_n answerable_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n as_o well_o of_o the_o guest_n as_o the_o inviter_n the_o governor_n and_o the_o magistrate_n sit_v all_o at_o one_o side_n of_o the_o table_n that_o the_o sewer_n may_v the_o better_o remove_v the_o dish_n and_o charger_n without_o any_o disturbance_n to_o the_o company_n which_o be_v not_o serve_v up_o all_o at_o once_o according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o chinese_n but_o only_o two_o at_o a_o course_n which_o be_v the_o single_a allowance_n for_o one_o person_n and_o when_o the_o steward_n who_o wait_v always_o at_o the_o governor_n elbow_n have_v give_v the_o word_n every_o one_o fall_v to_o what_o he_o most_o fancy_a and_o when_o he_o observe_v a_o cessation_n at_o the_o first_o course_n he_o make_v a_o sign_n and_o immediate_o the_o dish_n be_v shift_v which_o be_v do_v at_o least_o sixteen_o time_n observe_v the_o same_o order_n as_o at_o first_o during_o the_o feast_n there_o be_v both_o vocal_a and_o instrumental_a music_n the_o better_a to_o entertain_v the_o invite_v to_o their_o satisfaction_n a_o little_a before_o the_o banquet_n be_v bring_v in_o they_o arise_v and_o recreate_v themselves_o in_o the_o garden_n till_o the_o dish_n be_v place_v and_o then_o
our_o trumpet_n sound_v in_o the_o hall_n with_o which_o he_o be_v exceee_o please_v and_o also_o seem_v much_o to_o admire_v our_o arm_n and_o because_o this_o tutang_n who_o hold_v his_o residence_n and_o court_n in_o this_o chief_a city_n have_v the_o command_n over_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n fokien_fw-fr hucang_fw-mi and_o quantung_v and_o consequent_o be_v not_o much_o inferior_a to_o a_o viceroy_n and_o that_o the_o ship_n of_o our_o east-india_n company_n bind_v from_o japan_n to_o taiwan_n often_o supply_v themselves_o here_o with_o much_o fresh_a water_n for_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v all_o maritime_a lie_v opposite_a to_o the_o other_o island_n of_o formosa_fw-la therefore_o the_o ambassador_n conclude_v to_o offer_v he_o some_o present_n but_o he_o refuse_v they_o with_o great_a civility_n allege_v that_o the_o tartar_n government_n will_v not_o permit_v any_o present_n to_o be_v receive_v from_o any_o foreign_a people_n till_o they_o have_v make_v their_o appearance_n at_o the_o court_n before_o his_o imperial_a majesty_n he_o likewise_o add_v that_o he_o do_v not_o refuse_v they_o out_o of_o a_o chinese_n dissimulation_n but_o only_o to_o observe_v the_o custom_n of_o their_o country_n and_o assure_v the_o ambassador_n that_o in_o their_o return_n from_o peking_n all_o manner_n of_o friendship_n shall_v be_v show_v they_o this_o cancheu_fw-la in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a income_n and_o revenue_n arise_v yearly_o from_o the_o trade_n that_o be_v drive_v there_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o command_v over_o twelve_o small_a city_n it_o lie_v about_o sixty_o mile_n from_o canton_n close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v which_o take_v its_o source_n near_o to_o the_o eight_o small_a city_n call_v xuikin_n and_o flow_v from_o thence_o northward_o up_o to_o cancheu_fw-la the_o city_n be_v foursquare_a as_o nankang_v and_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o high_a stone_n wall_n about_o two_o mile_n compass_v there_o be_v four_o gate_n also_o to_o this_o city_n which_o be_v call_v after_o the_o four_o wind_n we_o lay_v all_o night_n in_o our_o bark_n before_o the_o western_a gate_n the_o street_n of_o the_o city_n be_v handsome_o pave_v on_o the_o east-end_n stand_v a_o high_a well-built_a tower_n from_o the_o top_n of_o which_o you_o have_v a_o full_a prospect_n of_o the_o city_n and_o adjacent_a country_n which_o be_v wondrous_a pleasant_a the_o burgher_n house_n and_o dwelling_n be_v build_v in_o good_a order_n among_o which_o be_v some_o very_a large_a one_o well_o furnish_v but_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o governor_n exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n among_o other_o stately_a edifice_n this_o place_n abound_v in_o curious_a idol-temple_n very_o rich_o adorn_v with_o picture_n and_o grave_v image_n but_o there_o be_v one_o especial_o who_o top_n stand_v high_a crown_v all_o the_o rest_n which_o may_v be_v reckon_v among_o the_o chief_a temple_n in_o all_o china_n and_o be_v call_v kuil_n kiasti_n miao_n miao_n signify_v a_o church_n and_o kuil_a kiasti_n be_v the_o peculiar_a name_n of_o the_o idol_n they_o here_o worship_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o two_o river_n change_v and_o can_v meet_v and_o conjoin_v across_o the_o stream_n lie_v a_o long_a bridge_n of_o boat_n cover_v over_o with_o plank_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bridge_n stand_v a_o toll-house_n for_o the_o receipt_n of_o custom_n upon_o the_o 18._o of_o april_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o ruinous_a and_o deplorable_a city_n of_o vanâ—â—ngam_n this_o city_n lie_v close_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v on_o the_o right_a hand_n in_o a_o very_a fruitful_a and_o pleasant_a soil_n the_o tartar_n be_v so_o cruel_a to_o this_o place_n in_o the_o last_o war_n that_o they_o leave_v nothing_o stand_v that_o be_v any_o way_n remarkable_a it_o appear_v to_o have_v be_v a_o wondrous_a delightful_a place_n very_o accurate_o build_v and_o full_a of_o inhabitant_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o city_n produce_v twice_o a_o year_n great_a store_n of_o fruit_n to_o the_o husbandman_n and_o not_o far_o from_o hence_o lie_v a_o hill_n which_o have_v silver-mine_n but_o the_o chineses_n be_v forbid_v by_o their_o law_n to_o dig_v for_o any_o silver_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o this_o city_n be_v a_o mountain_n call_v chaos_n who_o top_n reach_v up_o to_o the_o cloud_n and_o though_o of_o this_o vast_a height_n yet_o from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n there_o grow_v all_o sort_n of_o tree_n and_o herb_n which_o make_v we_o a_o delightful_a prospect_n at_o a_o distance_n we_o leave_v immediate_o this_o miserable_a town_n and_o come_v to_o a_o eminent_a village_n call_v pekkinsa_n who_o situation_n be_v most_o pleasant_a and_o where_o a_o good_a trade_n be_v drive_v in_o all_o naval_a material_n to_o the_o great_a benefit_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n at_o a_o great_a distance_n before_o you_o come_v to_o this_o village_n you_o see_v several_a cliff_n which_o have_v be_v so_o wonderful_o cut_v and_o order_v by_o art_n and_o labour_n that_o the_o very_a sight_n thereof_o fill_v we_o all_o with_o admiration_n but_o the_o last_o war_n have_v much_o deface_v the_o beauty_n of_o they_o and_o there_o be_v now_o only_o leave_v the_o ruin_n whereby_o to_o judge_v what_o a_o brave_a ornament_n they_o be_v former_o the_o very_a destruction_n of_o these_o artificial_a rock_n sufficient_o declare_v what_o vast_a devastation_n befall_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n in_o the_o last_o war_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o do_v not_o only_o ruin_v the_o great_a city_n town_n and_o village_n but_o neither_o suffer_v any_o ornament_n to_o continue_v eminent_a in_o the_o country_n for_o not_o any_o place_n of_o note_n escape_v the_o fury_n of_o those_o barbarous_a people_n except_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n which_o the_o tartar_n favour_v after_o they_o have_v take_v it_o where_o yet_o be_v to_o be_v see_v most_o rare_a and_o exquisite_a curiosity_n whereof_o we_o shall_v make_v mention_n hereafter_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a strangeness_n of_o these_o stone_n cliff_n make_v by_o art_n i_o take_v the_o altitude_n of_o one_o of_o they_o which_o have_v suffer_v least_o prejudice_n by_o the_o tartar_n and_o find_v it_o at_o least_o forty_o foot_n the_o like_a artificial_a rock_n be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o emperor_n court_n where_o the_o great_a tartar_n i_o be_o often_o refresh_v himself_o in_o the_o heat_n of_o summer_n we_o depart_v at_o last_o from_o this_o village_n pekkinsa_n and_o come_v late_o in_o the_o evening_n to_o the_o small_a city_n taiko_n which_o be_v the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o nine_o chief_a city_n kiegan_n and_o situate_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can._n upon_o the_o 29._o of_o april_n we_o come_v unto_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o kinungam_n call_v by_o some_o kiegan_v which_o be_v the_o nine_o prime_a city_n of_o this_o province_n of_o kiangâ—i_n it_o lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o taiko_n be_v build_v upon_o the_o western_a side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v not_o far_o from_o the_o place_n where_o those_o terrible_a and_o dreadful_a cliff_n call_v xepatan_n discover_v themselves_o and_o be_v defend_v with_o tall_a battlement_n by_o the_o help_n of_o which_o she_o be_v enable_v to_o make_v resistance_n against_o the_o tartar_n when_o beleaguer_v by_o they_o here_o be_v also_o former_o many_o stately_a structure_n but_o they_o be_v now_o general_o ruin_v and_o destroy_v by_o the_o enemy_n some_o few_o idol-temple_n only_o remain_v over_o against_o the_o city_n lie_v a_o island_n where_o stand_v a_o curious_a temple_n of_o modern_a building_n hang_v round_o about_o with_o great_a and_o small_a image_n the_o country_n round_o about_o this_o city_n be_v full_a of_o hill_n and_o dale_n in_o which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v gold_n and_o silver_n mine_n but_o the_o chineses_n be_v prohibit_v by_o their_o law_n to_o dig_v for_o any_o only_o they_o be_v permit_v to_o take_v what_o of_o either_o they_o can_v find_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n these_o part_n be_v also_o pregnant_a and_o delightful_a for_o in_o this_o country_n which_o be_v seldom_o know_v in_o other_o place_n there_o be_v no_o want_n of_o water_n either_o winter_n or_o summer_n nor_o too_o much_o drought_n near_o to_o ganto_n the_o five_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o kinungam_n a_o mighty_a high_a mountain_n call_v nucung_n lift_v her_o head_n towards_o the_o cloud_n and_o be_v as_o remarkable_a for_o bigness_n as_o any_o in_o those_o part_n most_o of_o the_o chinese_n river_n be_v very_o dangerous_a be_v so_o precipitate_a that_o all_o vessel_n be_v liable_a almost_o to_o continual_a attaques_n and_o sudden_a surprisal_n of_o rock_n bank_n and_o shoal_n in_o ambush_n so_o that_o the_o master_n ought_v to_o
be_v skilful_a and_o circumspect_a in_o their_o steerage_n from_o port_n to_o port._n but_o the_o river_n can_v be_v near_o this_o city_n most_o hazardous_a there_o reside_v those_o unmerciful_a bilgers_n call_v by_o the_o native_n zepatane_n the_o vessel_n bind_v hither_o take_v common_o very_o expert_a pilot_n and_o such_o as_o be_v by_o custom_n better_o acquaint_v with_o the_o fix_a rock_n and_o still_o vary_v and_o unsettle_a shoal_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o place_n and_o the_o adjacent_a part_n recount_v to_o we_o with_o much_o regret_n and_o reluctance_n how_o barbarous_o they_o have_v be_v use_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o burn_v and_o destroy_v their_o house_n carry_v many_o into_o perpetual_a slavery_n other_o they_o put_v to_o death_n with_o rare_a and_o exquisite_a torture_n make_v no_o discrimination_n either_o of_o sex_n or_o age_n and_o when_o they_o have_v glut_v their_o savage_a inclination_n with_o ruin_n and_o plunder_n they_o exercise_v their_o more_o inhuman_a cruelty_n upon_o innocent_a virgin_n of_o who_o four_o thousand_o all_o choice_n and_o singular_a beauty_n they_o carry_v into_o captivity_n and_o for_o inconsiderable_a sum_n sell_v they_o to_o make_v bawd_n and_o madam_n of_o pleasure-house_n so_o prostitute_v they_o to_o be_v compress_v and_o devirginate_v by_o libidinous_a courtier_n and_o deboist_a hector_n for_o their_o own_o profit_n at_o what_o price_n soever_o they_o please_v to_o put_v upon_o they_o that_o same_o day_n we_o make_v such_o good_a speed_n that_o we_o get_v beyond_o kiexui_fw-fr the_o four_o small_a town_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o kiegan_n this_o place_n be_v situate_a on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n change_v and_o be_v in_o circumference_n a_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a surround_v with_o hill_n and_o build_v after_o the_o chinese_n fashion_n with_o idol-temple_n on_o the_o water_n side_n stand_v a_o strong_a wall_n fifteen_o foot_n high_a the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 20._o of_o april_n we_o pass_v by_o kiakia_n the_o four_o small_a city_n under_o the_o eight_o chief_a metropolis_n liukiang_n this_o city_n lie_v about_o thirty_o mile_n from_o kiexui_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o mountain_n and_o upon_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v which_o water_v this_o city_n to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n the_o country_n about_o this_o place_n produce_v orange_n and_o other_o fruit_n in_o great_a abundance_n a_o good_a part_n of_o its_o wall_n be_v build_v upon_o the_o hill_n and_o the_o ground_n lie_v within_o the_o wall_n be_v manure_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n here_o be_v stand_v a_o ancient_a idol-temple_n which_o be_v famous_a for_o have_v two_o gate_n each_o be_v of_o one_o entire_a stone_n but_o the_o house_n be_v most_o of_o they_o demolish_v by_o the_o tartar_n not_o far_o from_o these_o wall_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v mung_n who_o top_n reach_v so_o high_a that_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v invest_v with_o cloud_n yet_o the_o side_n of_o this_o aspirer_n flourish_v be_v clothe_v with_o stately_a wood_n and_o mantle_v with_o verdant_a and_o delightful_a pasture_n that_o same_o day_n towards_o the_o evening_n we_o get_v to_o the_o city_n sinkin_n the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o eight_o chief_a city_n of_o linkiang_n which_o lie_v about_o twenty_o mile_n from_o hiakiang_n and_o it_o be_v situate_a also_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n can_v have_v a_o pleasant_a prospect_n of_o hill_n and_o fruitful_a field_n behind_o it_o this_o place_n do_v not_o differ_v much_o in_o bigness_n or_o beauty_n from_o hiakiang_n only_o it_o lie_v in_o a_o more_o even_a soil_n and_o not_o so_o near_o the_o mountain_n towards_o the_o water_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o a_o wall_n stand_v a_o very_a high_a and_o well-built_a gate_n most_o of_o the_o building_n within_o have_v be_v destroy_v by_o the_o tartar_n we_o lay_v all_o night_n aboard_o our_o vessel_n over_o against_o the_o city_n near_o to_o a_o idol-temple_n where_o the_o governor_n come_v to_o salute_v we_o and_o bring_v some_o few_o present_n for_o the_o kitchin_n upon_o the_o 22._o we_o set_v sail_n early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o arrive_v by_o noon_n before_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o fungch_v which_o be_v the_o second_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o nanchang_n this_o city_n lie_v in_o a_o flat_a and_o even_a soil_n build_v foursquare_a and_o situate_v upon_o the_o say_a river_n can_v and_o be_v surround_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n above_o a_o mile_n about_o on_o the_o north_n side_n of_o the_o city_n be_v a_o populous_a suburb_n well_o and_o close_o build_v with_o goodly_a building_n there_o be_v also_o two_o great_a and_o high_a triumphal_a arch_n which_o have_v be_v much_o deface_v with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o brave_a structure_n in_o the_o last_o bloody_a invasion_n there_o be_v likewise_o several_a mountain_n not_o far_o from_o this_o place_n one_o be_v call_v pechang_n from_o whence_o there_o fall_v a_o mighty_a torrent_n of_o water_n with_o a_o most_o hideous_a noise_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 23._o of_o april_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o nanchang_n which_o be_v also_o call_v by_o some_o according_a to_o the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n kiangsi_n where_o it_o be_v situate_v we_o be_v hardly_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n but_o the_o magistrate_n send_v four_o very_a commodious_a boat_n aboard_o to_o fetch_v we_o ashore_o for_o there_o be_v no_o land_v or_o come_v near_o the_o shore_n with_o great_a vessel_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o sand_n the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n take_v present_o two_o of_o the_o best_a of_o these_o boat_n for_o himself_o which_o be_v ill_o take_v by_o the_o ambassador_n not_o long_o after_o come_v the_o magistrate_n themselves_o to_o welcome_v they_o and_o cause_v pinxenton_n to_o restore_v to_o the_o ambassador_n one_o of_o the_o boat_n which_o he_o have_v take_v for_o his_o own_o use_n the_o next_o day_n one_o of_o the_o ambassador_n namely_o peter_n de_fw-fr goyer_n for_o jacob_n de_fw-fr keyser_n find_v himself_o ill_a with_o the_o secretary_n henry_n baron_n and_o all_o our_o follower_n go_v to_o visit_v the_o tutang_n or_o governor_n of_o this_o city_n who_o receive_v we_o with_o great_a civility_n and_o show_v his_o displeasure_n at_o his_o interpreter_n for_o bring_v the_o ambassador_n a_o foot_n say_v that_o such_o person_n as_o come_v from_o so_o remote_a and_o strange_a part_n to_o congratulate_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n upon_o his_o victory_n and_o prosperity_n aught_o to_o be_v receive_v in_o great_a state_n he_o be_v also_o very_o much_o offend_v at_o the_o mandorin_n of_o the_o canton_n vice-roys_n call_v they_o ass_n after_o the_o ambassador_n have_v take_v his_o leave_n and_o be_v come_v into_o the_o street_n one_o of_o the_o governor_n gentleman_n come_v and_o present_v both_o he_o and_o his_o secretary_n each_o with_o a_o fine_a horse_n upon_o which_o they_o ride_v to_o the_o water_n side_n and_o when_o the_o ambassador_n set_v sail_n they_o be_v salute_v with_o the_o great_a gun_n from_o the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n and_o they_o to_o requite_v this_o civil_a reception_n of_o the_o governor_n send_v he_o a_o few_o present_n but_o he_o refuse_v they_o say_v that_o no_o person_n in_o china_n be_v permit_v to_o receive_v any_o present_n from_o foreign_a ambassador_n before_o they_o have_v see_v and_o salute_v the_o emperor_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o nanchang_n be_v distant_a about_o five_o mile_n from_o funch_v situate_v near_o that_o great_a lake_n call_v poyang_n which_o have_v a_o current_n round_o this_o city_n so_o that_o she_o stand_v amid_o a_o island_n her_o building_n be_v foursquare_a with_o high_a wall_n and_o seven_o gate_n whereof_o four_o be_v very_o handsome_a before_o one_o of_o which_o we_o lie_v at_o anchor_n this_o city_n also_o boast_v four_o stately_a temple_n which_o be_v very_o rich_o adorn_v but_o among_o they_o that_o be_v the_o most_o famous_a which_o the_o chineses_n call_v thisike_n be_v cover_v with_o glitter_a or_o glaze_v pan-tyle_n at_o the_o entrance_n stand_v three_o building_n together_o in_o the_o first_o of_o which_o appear_v a_o idol_n by_o the_o chineses_n call_v kouja_n believe_v to_o be_v the_o guardian_n and_o preserve_v of_o this_o his_o own_o mansion_n he_o sit_v among_o a_o great_a many_o other_o image_n upon_o a_o rich_a seat_n clothe_v al'_n antique_a after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o old_a roman_n with_o a_o crimson_a mantle_n hang_v upon_o his_o shoulder_n on_o each_o side_n stand_v upon_o a_o bigh_a pole_n two_o terrible_a dragon_n much_o admire_v among_o the_o chinese_n which_o with_o extend_a neck_n seem_v hiss_v and_o breathe_v defiance_n against_o the_o go_n in_o the_o second_o structure_n you_o have_v a_o broad_a gallery_n reach_v round_o the_o temple_n hang_v full_a of_o
account_n of_o this_o earthen_a ware_n and_o to_o receive_v his_o duty_n which_o be_v of_o each_o sort_n the_o five_o piece_n according_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n the_o rest_n they_o afterward_o sell_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o this_o village_n ucienjen_n where_o as_o they_o say_v be_v the_o staple_n of_o this_o porcelain_n trade_n which_o be_v send_v from_o this_o village_n not_o only_o through_o all_o china_n but_o also_o through_o the_o whole_a world_n we_o depart_v the_o same_o day_n from_o this_o place_n and_o upon_o the_o 26._o come_v to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nankang_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o lake_n which_o be_v very_o broad_a and_o long_o this_o city_n be_v build_v upon_o a_o mountainous_a soil_n about_o fifty_o mile_n from_o nankang_n the_o wall_n be_v both_o high_a and_o strong_a and_o fortify_v with_o bulwark_n within_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o well-built_a tower_n the_o street_n be_v very_o full_a of_o wind_n and_o turn_n which_o make_v they_o very_o troublesome_a to_o such_o as_o use_v they_o the_o first_o street_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o left-hand_a as_o you_o come_v in_o have_v several_a triumphal_a arch_n stand_v in_o it_o very_o artificial_o build_v according_a to_o the_o chinese_n fashion_n beside_o these_o ornament_n there_o be_v nothing_o rare_a in_o this_o city_n for_o the_o house_n be_v but_o mean_a and_o slight_o build_v in_o prospect_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v several_a stately_a temple_n whereof_o the_o big_a and_o chief_a be_v build_v upon_o the_o mountain_n quangliu_fw-mi and_o juenxiu_fw-la the_o inhabitant_n round_o about_o worship_n these_o mountain_n upon_o which_o dwell_v a_o great_a company_n of_o priest_n and_o friar_n each_o of_o which_o have_v a_o little_a hutch_n where_o he_o daily_a cruciate_n and_o afflict_v himself_o by_o scourge_v and_o discipline_v his_o body_n the_o endure_v of_o which_o castigation_n make_v he_o a_o miracle_n to_o those_o people_n of_o implicit_a faith_n who_o fancy_n these_o their_o suffering_n to_o merit_v after_o death_n the_o high_a felicity_n in_o another_o world_n for_o they_o believe_v that_o their_o soul_n be_v transmigrate_v into_o other_o body_n the_o inhabitant_n tell_v we_o that_o upon_o the_o mountain_n quanglu_n there_o be_v as_o many_o cloister_n as_o day_n in_o the_o year_n they_o say_v likewise_o that_o this_o mountain_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o cloud_n and_o fog_n though_o round_o about_o the_o wether_n be_v clear_a and_o serene_a the_o country_n produce_v store_n of_o hemp_n whereof_o the_o inhabitant_n make_v themselves_o clothes_n for_o the_o summer_n which_o very_o much_o keep_v off_o the_o scorch_a heat_n of_o the_o sun_n on_o the_o westside_n of_o this_o city_n lie_v a_o hill_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v kien_n the_o water_n that_o fall_v from_o the_o brow_n of_o this_o hill_n be_v hold_v by_o the_o chineses_n very_o sovereign_a for_o several_a disease_n the_o pool_n poyang_n divide_v the_o territory_n belong_v to_o this_o city_n into_o two_o part_n both_o which_o be_v very_o fruitful_a in_o rice_n and_o corn_n of_o all_o sort_n upon_o the_o 29._o we_o make_v for_o the_o city_n of_o hukeu_n be_v the_o four_o small_a city_n of_o the_o five_o chief_a city_n kieukiang_n to_o furnish_v ourselves_o with_o provision_n this_o city_n lie_v forty_o mile_n from_o the_o forego_n chief_a city_n of_o nankang_n upon_o the_o narrow_a of_o the_o lake_n poyang_n and_o upon_o the_o rightside_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o mingle_v with_o it_o and_o receive_v no_o small_a share_n of_o its_o water_n on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o city_n do_v appear_v a_o very_a pleasant_a and_o antique_a rock_n which_o hang_v somewhat_o over_o the_o river_n and_o appear_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n be_v overgrow_v with_o tree_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o mountain_n stand_v a_o large_a and_o beautiful_a idol-temple_n the_o wall_n of_o this_o city_n be_v very_o thick_a and_o high_a and_o for_o the_o great_a safety_n of_o the_o city_n be_v guard_v in_o several_a place_n with_o foot-soldier_n this_o city_n drive_v a_o handsome_a trade_n be_v full_a of_o people_n and_o well_o build_v all_o manner_n of_o provision_n be_v sell_v very_o cheap_a especial_o fish_n which_o yield_v but_o a_o small_a price_n about_o this_o city_n lie_v a_o hill_n call_v xechung_a which_o signify_v a_o stone_n bell_n for_o the_o wave_n and_o billow_n which_o rise_v out_o of_o the_o pool_n poyang_n in_o foul_a and_o stormy_a wether_n beat_v against_o this_o hill_n and_o occasion_n thereby_o such_o a_o strange_a and_o ring_a noise_n that_o it_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o sound_n of_o a_o bell._n we_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n but_o the_o news_n of_o our_o arrival_n fill_v the_o whole_a city_n with_o joy_n so_o that_o both_o old_a and_o young_a come_v run_v to_o the_o shore_n to_o view_v we_o and_o our_o vessel_n who_o behold_v we_o with_o great_a admiration_n and_o fain_o will_v have_v be_v talk_v to_o we_o if_o the_o difference_n of_o language_n have_v not_o hinder_v we_o cause_v our_o trumpet_n to_o sound_v that_o old_a tune_n of_o william_n of_o nassaw_n suppose_v to_o have_v delight_v they_o but_o on_o the_o contrary_a they_o be_v so_o much_o affright_v with_o their_o brazen_a voice_n that_o they_o run_v roar_v with_o full_a speed_n for_o shelter_n to_o the_o city_n have_v provide_v ourselves_o with_o necessary_n we_o depart_v from_o this_o place_n and_o come_v to_o pengce_n the_o five_o small_a city_n under_o this_o capital_a one_o of_o kieukiang_n thus_o far_o have_v we_o proceed_v in_o our_o voyage_n upon_o the_o river_n can_v from_o kancheu_fw-la to_o nank_v from_o whence_o we_o pass_v over_o the_o pool_n poyang_n and_o so_o come_v into_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o to_o prosecute_v the_o remainder_n of_o our_o voyage_n to_o peking_n we_o be_v to_o sail_v up_o eastward_o this_o river_n kiang_n which_o signify_v the_o son_n of_o the_o sea_n divide_v all_o china_n into_o northern_a and_o southern_a glide_v from_o west_n to_o east_n and_o receive_v several_a name_n from_o the_o province_n through_o which_o it_o run_v the_o forementioned_a city_n pengce_o lie_v thirty_o mile_n from_o hukeu_n behind_o a_o island_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n and_o have_v behind_o it_o high_a and_o famous_a hill_n it_o be_v a_o well-built_a place_n but_o far_o less_o than_o hukeu_n not_o far_o from_o this_o pengce_n lie_v a_o mountain_n call_v siaocu_n which_o be_v so_o steep_a high_a and_o inaccessible_a that_o none_o can_v ever_o scale_v the_o top_n it_o be_v surround_v with_o water_n and_o have_v on_o the_o southside_n a_o small_a but_o very_o safe_a road_n for_o ship_n in_o foul_a wether_n upon_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n lie_v also_o a_o hill_n call_v makang_v talk_v on_o with_o terror_n through_o all_o china_n for_o the_o abundance_n of_o shipwreck_n which_o happen_v near_o this_o place_n for_o if_o the_o pilot_n miss_v never_o so_o little_a his_o steerage_n they_o seldom_o escape_v bilge_v on_o the_o neighbour_a rock_n the_o ambassador_n with_o some_o of_o their_o follower_n go_v ashore_o upon_o the_o say_a island_n but_o be_v force_v immediate_o to_o return_v have_v observe_v the_o foot_n of_o a_o tiger_n which_o sort_n of_o beast_n be_v very_o numerous_a in_o this_o country_n when_o the_o chinese_n pilot_n see_v our_o cook_n go_v to_o make_v a_o fire_n to_o dress_v dinner_n they_o come_v into_o the_o cabin_n to_o the_o ambassador_n fall_v down_o upon_o their_o knee_n and_o earnest_o entreat_v that_o they_o will_v forbid_v any_o such_o thing_n to_o be_v do_v for_o that_o as_o they_o say_v there_o be_v a_o certain_a spirit_n who_o keep_v himself_o under_o water_n about_o this_o pool_n and_o appear_v in_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o dragon_n or_o great_a fish_n and_o have_v the_o command_n over_o this_o country_n who_o nature_n and_o constitution_n be_v such_o that_o he_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o scent_n in_o his_o nose_n of_o roast_a poultry_n boil_a bacon_n or_o other_o savoury_n smell_v for_o so_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o any_o such_o thing_n he_o immediate_o raise_v a_o storm_n which_o do_v infallible_o cast_v away_o the_o vessel_n the_o ambassador_n at_o their_o earnest_a entreaty_n send_v word_n to_o the_o cook_n that_o they_o shall_v be_v content_a with_o a_o cold_a dinner_n for_o that_o day_n during_o the_o discourse_n there_o appear_v play_v above_o the_o water_n two_o or_o three_o tunny_n fish_n which_o put_v the_o chineses_n into_o no_o little_a fear_n in_o regard_n they_o imagine_v the_o water-spirit_n have_v already_o give_v order_n for_o the_o cast_v away_o of_o their_o vessel_n thus_o far_o we_o have_v travel_v through_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n when_o about_o noon_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o two_o column_n which_o stand_v
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the_o diadem_n of_o all_o china_n lie_v about_o thirty_o five_o mile_n from_o the_o forementioned_a taip_n on_o the_o east-side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n and_o in_o 32_o degree_n of_o northern_a latitude_n her_o situation_n be_v most_o pleasant_a and_o the_o soil_n luxurious_o fruitful_a the_o river_n run_v quite_o through_o this_o city_n whereof_o some_o stream_n be_v navigable_a for_o great_a vessel_n here_o be_v former_o keep_v the_o court_n of_o the_o old_a chinese_n emperor_n the_o residence_n of_o the_o ancient_a king_n of_o u_o cyu_n cung_n ci_o leang_v chin_n and_o tanga_n here_o also_o reign_v many_o lustre_n the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n till_o they_o remove_v to_o peking_n the_o better_a to_o prevent_v the_o invasion_n and_o design_n of_o the_o tartar_n the_o founder_n of_o this_o city_n be_v gnens_n king_n of_o cuckoe_n who_o name_v it_o kinling_n which_o signify_v a_o golden_a country_n afterward_o the_o first_o branch_n of_o the_o race_n of_o cina_n call_v it_o moling_n 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bridges_n very_o rare_o build_v the_o chineses_n describe_v the_o circumference_n of_o this_o late_a wall_n by_o two_o horseman_n who_o in_o the_o morning_n set_v forth_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o gate_n part_v ride_v contrary_a and_o they_o say_v meet_v not_o till_o the_o close_a of_o the_o evening_n by_o which_o they_o will_v have_v we_o guess_v at_o the_o vast_a circumference_n of_o their_o city_n the_o first_o vesture_n of_o the_o city_n be_v above_o thirty_o foot_n high_a build_v artificial_o of_o stone_n with_o breast-works_a and_o watch-tower_n there_o be_v thirteen_o gate_n in_o this_o wall_n who_o door_n be_v plate_v with_o iron_n and_o guard_v continual_o with_o horse_n and_o foot_n some_o of_o these_o gate_n rest_v on_o four_o or_o five_o arch_n through_o which_o you_o pass_v before_o you_o come_v into_o the_o city_n we_o lay_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o the_o gate_n suisimon_n or_o water-gate_n so_o great_a a_o number_n of_o people_n pass_v daily_o to_o and_o again_o through_o this_o gate_n that_o there_o be_v no_o get_n in_o or_o out_o without_o much_o crowd_v the_o chief_a street_n of_o this_o city_n be_v twenty_o eight_o pace_n broad_a very_o neat_o pave_v and_o straight_o in_o the_o night_n there_o be_v such_o good_a order_n observe_v for_o the_o prevent_n of_o house_n break_v or_o disturbance_n in_o the_o street_n that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o like_a in_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o ordinary_a citizen_n house_n be_v but_o mean_a build_v without_o any_o convenience_n and_o stand_v all_o with_o the_o cross_a ridge_n next_o to_o the_o street_n they_o have_v but_o one_o door_n to_o go_v in_o and_o out_o and_o but_o one_o room_n to_o eat_v and_o sleep_v in_o next_o the_o street_n appear_v only_o a_o foursquare_a hole_n serve_v in_o stead_n of_o a_o window_n to_o let_v in_o light_n which_o be_v common_o cover_v with_o reed_n in_o stead_n of_o glass_n to_o prevent_v gazer_n from_o look_v in_o the_o house_n be_v but_o one_o story_n high_a be_v cover_v with_o white_a pan-tile_n and_o the_o outside_n white_v over_o with_o chalk_n such_o as_o dwell_v in_o these_o ordinary_a house_n drive_v very_o mean_a trade_n but_o the_o shop_n of_o the_o chief_a citizen_n and_o merchant_n be_v fill_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o rich_a chinese_n ware_n as_o cotton_n silk_n stuff_v china_n dish_n pearl_n diamond_n etc._n etc._n before_o each_o shop_n stand_v a_o board_n upon_o which_o be_v inscribe_v the_o name_n of_o the_o master_n in_o gold_n letter_n as_o also_o what_o good_n he_o sell_v beside_o these_o board_n stand_v a_o high_a pole_n which_o reach_v above_o the_o house_n upon_o which_o they_o hang_v pennon_n and_o flag_n or_o something_o whereby_o they_o as_o we_o in_o europe_n with_o our_o sign_n make_v know_v their_o habitation_n they_o have_v not_o here_o nor_o in_o all_o china_n any_o coin_v money_n but_o use_v in_o stead_n thereof_o small_a piece_n of_o silver_n which_o be_v of_o different_a value_n and_o weight_n and_o though_o you_o buy_v never_o so_o little_a you_o must_v always_o have_v a_o pair_n of_o scale_n about_o you_o if_o you_o will_v not_o be_v cheat_v in_o the_o weight_n by_o these_o crafty_a chineses_n for_o they_o have_v common_o two_o sort_n of_o weight_n by_o they_o and_o be_v so_o nimble_a and_o deceitful_a in_o their_o balance_a that_o you_o have_v need_n of_o argus_n eye_n when_o you_o buy_v any_o thing_n of_o they_o this_o great_a city_n be_v also_o so_o populous_a that_o there_o be_v above_o 1000000_o people_n dwell_v in_o it_o and_o yet_o provision_n of_o all_o sort_n be_v to_o be_v have_v there_o in_o great_a abundance_n at_o a_o small_a rate_n all_o the_o year_n long_o the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v the_o fertility_n of_o the_o soil_n round_o about_o among_o other_o fruit_n there_o be_v most_o delicious_a cherry_n sell_v very_o cheap_a in_o this_o city_n beside_o the_o vast_a number_n of_o people_n there_o lie_v a_o garrison_n of_o 40000_o tartar_n here_o 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court_n or_o palace_n with_o all_o belong_v thereto_o be_v as_o big_a as_o haerlem_n in_o holland_n within_o the_o first_o great_a gate_n lie_v a_o large_a court_n which_o lead_v to_o the_o four_o square_n and_o be_v pave_v with_o fine_a smooth_a stone_n the_o tartar_n seat_v themselves_o near_o a_o idol-temple_n call_v paolinxi_fw-la where_o they_o build_v themselves_o several_a hut_n leave_v the_o chineses_n to_o dwell_v in_o the_o city_n and_o there_o to_o drive_v their_o trade_n the_o building_n be_v all_o of_o a_o hard_a sort_n of_o stone_n which_o the_o native_n have_v most_o curious_o paint_v with_o a_o yellow_a colour_n so_o that_o when_o the_o sun_n reflect_v on_o they_o they_o shine_v like_o gold_n over_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o second_o court_n of_o this_o palace_n hang_v a_o great_a bell_n about_z 10_o or_o
11_o foot_n in_o height_n and_o three_o fathom_n and_o a_o half_a in_o circumference_n who_o thickness_n contain_v near_o a_o quarter_n of_o a_o yard_n the_o chineses_n make_v great_a brag_v of_o the_o sound_n of_o this_o bell_n as_o if_o the_o like_a be_v not_o to_o be_v hear_v of_o again_o in_o all_o china_n yea_o not_o in_o the_o whole_a world_n but_o when_o we_o come_v and_o strike_v upon_o it_o we_o find_v it_o sufficient_o dull_a and_o the_o metal_n not_o so_o good_a as_o that_o of_o we_o in_o europe_n and_o though_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o last_o war_n do_v not_o much_o deprive_v and_o impair_v this_o city_n of_o its_o former_a lustre_n and_o splendour_n no_o city_n escape_v better_a than_o this_o nank_n yet_o however_o the_o stately_a palace_n of_o the_o king_n be_v total_a destroy_v by_o they_o it_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o tartar_n do_v this_o for_o no_o other_o end_n or_o cause_n but_o out_o of_o a_o particular_a hatred_n and_o grudge_n which_o they_o bear_v to_o the_o 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upon_o the_o way_n with_o fresh_a man_n so_o that_o they_o perform_v the_o journey_n in_o eight_o or_o ten_o day_n at_o the_o far_a which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n with_o as_o much_o speed_n as_o ride_a post_n in_o europe_n they_o likewise_o signify_v by_o letter_n from_o place_n to_o place_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n when_o the_o bark_n be_v arrive_v and_o if_o the_o emperor_n be_v please_v they_o never_o fail_v to_o send_v twice_o a_o week_n as_o we_o be_v ride_v out_o one_o day_n to_o take_v the_o air_n and_o to_o view_v the_o city_n we_o pass_v by_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o old_a imperial_a court_n where_o sit_v a_o great_a tartar_n lady_n with_o her_o servant_n wait_v upon_o she_o about_o forty_o year_n of_o age_n she_o very_o civil_o send_v to_o our_o interpreter_n to_o invite_v the_o ambassador_n into_o her_o house_n jacob_n de_fw-fr keyzer_n hereupon_o light_v and_o the_o lady_n then_o make_v towards_o he_o she_o be_v very_o debonair_a and_o free_a look_v upon_o our_o sword_n and_o much_o admire_v their_o bend_n without_o break_v she_o take_v the_o ambassador_n hat_n and_o put_v it_o on_o her_o own_o head_n and_o unbutton_v his_o doublet_n almost_o down_o to_o his_o waste_n afterward_o she_o lead_v the_o way_n into_o the_o house_n and_o desire_v he_o to_o follow_v appoint_v one_o of_o her_o attendant_n to_o conduct_v he_o who_o bring_v we_o into_o her_o apartment_n where_o we_o find_v she_o with_o her_o daughter_n who_o be_v about_o half_o her_o age_n wait_v our_o come_n in_o great_a state_n the_o daughter_n be_v clothe_v in_o a_o violet-coloured_a damask_n gown_n and_o the_o mother_n in_o black_a damask_n and_o both_o of_o they_o have_v their_o ear_n hang_v with_o ring_n and_o their_o hair_n braid_v and_o twist_v about_o their_o head_n with_o string_n of_o pearl_n but_o over_o their_o hair_n they_o wear_v little_a cap_n make_v of_o reed_n with_o a_o tassel_n upon_o the_o crown_n of_o red_a silk_n their_o clothes_n reach_v down_o to_o their_o heel_n tie_v about_o the_o middle_a with_o a_o broad_a ribbon_n and_o button_v down_o from_o the_o neck_n to_o the_o waste_n their_o shoe_n be_v of_o black_a leather_n their_o face_n unmask_v without_o any_o paint_n they_o have_v we_o into_o a_o large_a withdrawing-room_n unfurnish_a only_o a_o few_o bench_n cover_v with_o silk_n upon_o which_o they_o desire_v we_o to_o sit_v they_o drink_v to_o we_o several_a time_n in_o their_o liquor_n make_v of_o bean_n which_o be_v very_o strong_a but_o agree_v wondrous_a well_o with_o their_o constitution_n they_o set_v before_o we_o also_o some_o of_o their_o sweetmeat_n much_o entreat_v we_o to_o eat_v excuse_v the_o meanness_n of_o the_o entertainment_n her_o husband_n be_v absent_a in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o plain_n stand_v a_o high_a steeple_n or_o tower_n make_v of_o porcelain_n which_o far_o exceed_v all_o other_o workmanship_n of_o the_o chinese_n in_o cost_n and_o skill_n by_o which_o the_o chineses_n have_v declare_v to_o the_o world_n the_o rare_a ingenuity_n of_o their_o artist_n in_o former_a age_n this_o tower_n have_v nine_o round_n and_o a_o hundred_o eighty_o four_o step_n to_o the_o top_n each_o round_n be_v adorn_v with_o a_o gallery_n full_a of_o image_n and_o picture_n with_o very_o handsome_a light_n the_o outside_n be_v all_o glaze_v over_o and_o paint_v with_o several_a colour_n as_o green_a red_a and_o yellow_a the_o whole_a fabric_n consist_v of_o several_a piece_n which_o be_v so_o artificial_o cement_v as_o if_o the_o work_n be_v all_o one_o entire_a piece_n round_o about_o all_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o gallery_n hang_v little_a bell_n which_o make_v a_o very_a pretty_a noise_n when_o the_o wind_n jangle_n they_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tower_n be_v crown_v with_o a_o pineapple_n which_o as_o they_o say_v be_v make_v of_o massy_a gold_n from_o the_o upper_a gallery_n you_o may_v see_v not_o only_o over_o the_o whole_a city_n but_o also_o over_o the_o adjacent_a country_n to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n kiang_n which_o be_v a_o most_o delightful_a prospect_n especial_o if_o you_o observe_v the_o vast_a circumference_n of_o the_o city_n reach_v with_o her_o suburb_n to_o the_o river_n side_n this_o wonderful_a pile_n as_o they_o inform_v we_o the_o chinese_n build_v at_o their_o own_o charge_n by_o the_o command_n of_o the_o insult_a conqueror_n the_o tartar_n seven_o hundred_o year_n since_o as_o a_o pillar_n of_o honour_n to_o they_o and_o when_o in_o like_a manner_n as_o late_o they_o overran_a all_o china_n bring_v the_o whole_a country_n under_o absolute_a obedience_n the_o now_o prevail_a foe_n whether_o conquer_v by_o the_o extraordinary_a beauty_n and_o magnificence_n or_o whether_o they_o design_v by_o it_o to_o perpetuate_v the_o memory_n of_o their_o first_o conquest_n and_o also_o to_o add_v to_o their_o fame_n this_o their_o second_o subdue_a of_o they_o will_v not_o permit_v the_o demolish_n or_o deface_v in_o the_o least_o of_o this_o noble_a structure_n so_o that_o now_o it_o stand_v firm_a and_o entire_a as_o at_o first_o according_a to_o all_o outward_a appearance_n we_o find_v these_o people_n to_o exceed_v not_o only_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o nation_n in_o candour_n sincerity_n and_o civil_a demeanour_n but_o as_o much_o excel_a in_o science_n and_o understanding_n there_o be_v also_o several_a of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o great_a estate_n keep_v like_o port_n both_o in_o their_o habit_n and_o hospitality_n they_o enjoy_v here_o far_o great_a privilege_n than_o in_o a_o less_o city_n which_o the_o tartar_n allow_v they_o suppose_v that_o to_o be_v a_o bridle_n to_o rebellion_n we_o find_v in_o this_o city_n of_o nank_v a_o jesuit_n his_o name_n manuel_n van_n lisbon_n who_o come_v aboard_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o
undefended_a be_v so_o great_a that_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o in_o their_o map_n neither_o be_v they_o number_v by_o they_o the_o eight_o great_a city_n be_v xuntien_n or_o peking_n paot_v hokien_n chint_v xunte_n quanp_v tame_v and_o jungp_v xuntien_n or_o peking_n the_o imperial_a city_n and_o where_o at_o present_a the_o great_a cham_n keep_v his_o court_n command_v over_o 26_o city_n and_o prescribe_v they_o their_o law_n as_o xuntien_n xuny_n chanp_v leanghiang_n mieyun_n hoatjo_n kugan_n jungce_v tungan_n hiangho_n tung_n sanho_n vuce_v paoti_n cho_n fangxan_n pa_n vengan_n tach_n poot_v ki_n jatien_n fungjung_a cunhoa_o pingko_n and_o que._n among_o these_o tung_n cho_n pa_n and_o ki_v be_v the_o chief_a and_o may_v be_v compare_v with_o capital_a city_n for_o bigness_n and_o magnificence_n paot_v command_v over_o 20_o small_a city_n as_o paot_v muonch_a ganso_n tingh_v sinch_a thank_fw-mi poye_fw-fr kingtu_fw-fr jungch_v huon_n ly_n hiung_a khi_fw-la kince_n tunglo_n begin_v caoyang_n singan_n you_o and_o laixui_fw-la hokien_fw-mi command_v over_o 18_o city_n as_o hokien_n hien_n neuch_v son_a gnikien_n kiacho_fw-it ce_v hingci_n cinghai_n ningcin_n king_n ukiao_n tungquang_n kuch_v cang_v nanpi_n jenxan_n and_o kingyun_n among_o which_o cang_n be_v the_o chief_a chint_v command_v over_o 32_o city_n as_o chint_v chink_a hoclo_n lungxeu_o khoch_v loch_a vukie_n pingxan_n heup_v ting_n snilo_n kioyang_n hintang_n ki_n nancung_n sinho_n caokiang_n vuye_n cyn_n gang_v jaoyang_n vukiang_n chaos_n pohiang_n lungp_v caoye_n lince_a ganboang_v ningcin_n xui_o hengxui_fw-la and_o yuenxi_fw-la among_o these_o ting_n chaos_n and_o xin_o be_v the_o chief_a xunte_n command_v over_o nine_o city_n as_o xunte_v xabo_n nanbo_n pinghiang_n quangcung_n kiulo_n thangxan_n ninkieu_o and_o gin._n quanp_v command_v likewise_o over_o nine_o city_n as_o quanp_v kiocheu_o fihiang_n kioe_v hantan_o quanpung_a chinggan_n guei_n and_o cingho_n tame_v command_v over_o eleven_o city_n as_o tame_v yam_a nanlo_n guei_n cingfung_a nuihoang_v siun_z hoa_o caiazzo_n which_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o the_o eleven_o changyven_v and_o tungm_v jungp_v command_v over_o six_o city_n as_o jungp_v ciengan_n vuning_n changly_n lo_n and_o lotung_n beside_o these_o there_o be_v three_o city_n more_o as_o yenp_v junp_a and_o paogan_n which_o be_v situate_a upon_o very_o advantageous_a place_n and_o be_v build_v to_o resist_v the_o force_n of_o the_o tartar_n when_o they_o shall_v march_v beyond_o the_o wall_n in_o this_o province_n be_v fourteen_o garrison_n which_o be_v chief_o contrive_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o wall_n the_o name_n whereof_o be_v these_o siven_fw-mi vansve_v hoaigan_n caip_v cungnuen_n change_v begin_v chech_v juncheu_o vunin_n thou_o jungp_v xangas_n and_o tiencin_n the_o chinese_n register_n wherein_o the_o number_n of_o the_o people_n of_o this_o province_n be_v set_v down_o make_v mention_n of_o four_o hundred_o eighty_o thousand_o nine_o hundred_o eighty_o nine_o family_n and_o thirty_o four_o hundred_o fifty_o two_o thousand_o two_o hunered_a and_o fifty_o four_o fight_a men._n the_o revenue_n of_o this_o province_n pay_v yearly_o to_o the_o emperor_n consist_v of_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o eleven_o hundred_o fifty_o three_o sack_n of_o salt_n rice_n and_o corn_n two_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o pound_n of_o unwrought_a fine_a flax_n forty_o five_o thousand_o one_o hundred_o and_o thirty_o five_o pound_n of_o wrought_a silk_n thirteen_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o forty_o eight_o pound_n of_o cotton_n one_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o thousand_o eight_o hundred_o and_o seventy_o weight_n of_o salt_n eighty_o seven_o hundred_o thirty_o seven_o thousand_o seven_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o four_o truss_n of_o hay_n or_o straw_n beside_o several_a other_o tax_n which_o be_v pay_v in_o money_n upon_o the_o 26._o of_o june_n we_o come_v to_o kuch_v the_o first_o place_n we_o come_v at_o in_o this_o province_n of_o peking_n and_o the_o fourteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o three_o chief_a city_n of_o hokien_n in_o the_o province_n of_o peking_n this_o city_n which_o we_o find_v situate_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n lie_v about_o twenty_o three_o mile_n from_o vuch_v in_o a_o even_a and_o flat_a country_n yet_o very_o delightful_a in_o prospect_n her_o wall_n be_v high_a well_o build_v and_o abound_v in_o people_n and_o trade_n her_o suburb_n very_o magnificent_a we_o make_v no_o stay_n here_o but_o hasten_v on_o towards_o peking_n and_o by_o the_o way_n we_o see_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n whole_a field_n full_a of_o tree_n upon_o with_o the_o cotton-wooll_n grow_v which_o occasion_n a_o mighty_a trade_n in_o the_o adjacent_a part_n upon_o the_o 28._o we_o come_v to_o tacheu_o which_o some_o call_v ukiao_n account_v the_o twelve_o small_a city_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o same_o hâ—kien_fw-fr lie_v about_o eighteen_o mile_n from_o kuch_v situate_a on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n and_o surround_v with_o a_o wall_n of_o thirty_o foot_n high_a strengthen_v with_o bulwark_n and_o watch-tower_n well_o build_v and_o adorn_v with_o several_a temple_n have_v also_o a_o large_a suburb_n which_o reach_v far_o upon_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n in_o this_o city_n be_v the_o staple_n of_o the_o drink_n zamsou_n make_v of_o rice_n and_o drink_v in_o stead_n of_o wine_n the_o inhabitant_n export_v this_o liquor_n through_o all_o part_n of_o china_n which_o occasion_n a_o great_a commerce_n in_o this_o place_n for_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n come_v with_o their_o vessel_n far_o and_o near_o to_o be_v freight_v with_o this_o drink_n which_o they_o afterward_o transport_v to_o other_o place_n the_o chineses_n tell_v we_o that_o about_o ten_o mile_n from_o this_o tacheu_fw-la near_o to_o the_o second_o small_a city_n call_v hien_n be_v a_o pool_n call_v vo_o who_o water_n turn_v as_o red_a as_o blood_n if_o you_o fling_v a_o stick_n into_o it_o and_o that_o from_o the_o leave_n which_o fall_v from_o those_o tree_n which_o grow_v about_o this_o lake_n come_v forth_o immediate_o live_v swallow_n upon_o the_o 28._o of_o june_n we_o sail_v by_o tonquam_fw-la with_o fair_a wind_n and_o wether_n it_o lie_v likewise_o upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n about_o a_o musquet-shot_a from_o the_o stream_n and_o be_v account_v the_o thirteen_o small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n hokien_n this_o place_n a_o privilege_n not_o grant_v to_o any_o other_o have_v a_o guard_n only_o of_o chineses_n build_v as_o the_o rest_n square_a and_o fence_v with_o a_o thick_a and_o strong_a wall_n encompass_v also_o with_o a_o deep_a and_o broad_a moat_n or_o trench_n the_o field_n near_o the_o town_n be_v curious_o plant_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o fruit_n tree_n the_o adjacent_a country_n of_o this_o as_o also_o of_o the_o chief_a city_n hokien_n within_o which_o jurisdiction_n this_o tonquam_fw-la be_v situate_a lie_v flat_a and_o much_o upon_o a_o clay_n towards_o the_o east_n lie_v large_a and_o flat_a field_n be_v wash_v by_o the_o great_a indian_a sea_n from_o whence_o be_v continual_o fetch_v great_a store_n of_o salt_n upon_o the_o desire_n of_o pinxenton_n the_o ambassador_n send_v i_o and_o some_o other_o of_o their_o follower_n with_o twelve_o tartar_n soldier_n into_o the_o city_n to_o see_v a_o lion_n make_v of_o iron_n which_o they_o report_v to_o be_v extraordinary_a large_a and_o terrible_a stand_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o marketplace_n but_o the_o chinese_n when_o they_o see_v we_o come_v shut_v their_o gate_n upon_o we_o and_o hide_v themselves_o in_o their_o house_n be_v strike_v with_o terror_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o hollander_n so_o that_o we_o be_v necessitate_v to_o return_v back_o to_o our_o vessel_n without_o enter_v into_o the_o city_n pinxenton_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o chineses_n tell_v we_o of_o several_a other_o strange_a thing_n which_o be_v to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o city_n but_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o unwillingness_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n to_o give_v we_o entrance_n i_o see_v none_o of_o they_o and_o so_o can_v only_o take_v a_o view_n of_o the_o outward_a structure_n of_o the_o same_o as_o it_o lay_v vest_v with_o large_a wall_n upon_o the_o second_o of_o july_n we_o come_v to_o a_o anchor_n before_o the_o city_n of_o sanglo_n about_o fifty_o five_o mile_n from_o tonquam_fw-la upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n guei_n this_o city_n lie_v a_o little_a distant_a from_o the_o river_n and_o have_v very_o brave_a suburb_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o bank_n which_o be_v well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o people_n and_o trade_n here_o dwell_v a_o great_a number_n of_o tartar_n and_o of_o a_o more_o considerable_a quality_n than_o any_o we_o find_v in_o our_o whole_a voyage_n who_o no_o soon_o hear_v of_o our_o arrival_n but_o they_o immediate_o
staple_n of_o all_o commodity_n this_o be_v a_o free_a port_n and_o no_o custom_n pay_v for_o any_o good_n export_v or_o import_v the_o castle_n which_o stand_v upon_o the_o point_n of_o three_o river_n have_v very_o high_a wall_n and_o tower_n much_o for_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o city_n and_o adjacent_a country_n we_o lay_v all_o night_n close_o to_o the_o wall_n in_o our_o vessel_n to_o be_v in_o a_o readiness_n to_o pursue_v our_o voyage_n in_o the_o morning_n the_o governor_n and_o magistrate_n of_o the_o city_n come_v aboard_o to_o welcome_v we_o and_o receive_v the_o ambassador_n but_o pinxenton_n to_o show_v that_o he_o be_v likewise_o to_o be_v honour_v so_o order_v the_o matter_n that_o they_o make_v he_o their_o first_o salute_v and_o because_o the_o mandorin_n of_o the_o old_a canton_n viceroy_n be_v order_v to_o hasten_v over_o land_n for_o peking_n to_o signify_v to_o the_o emperor_n the_o come_n of_o the_o ambassador_n they_o give_v pinxenton_n entertainment_n in_o a_o magnificent_a idol-temple_n to_o which_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o company_n be_v invite_v and_o this_o be_v do_v only_o to_o this_o end_n to_o confer_v together_o after_o what_o manner_n they_o be_v to_o manage_v the_o business_n upon_o our_o arrival_n at_o peking_n the_o ambassador_n have_v thorough_o instruct_v this_o mandorin_n how_o he_o shall_v make_v the_o grandee_n of_o the_o court_n to_o be_v of_o our_o party_n and_o by_o what_o mean_v he_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o procure_v for_o we_o a_o free_a trade_n in_o china_n he_o take_v his_o leave_n and_o depart_v late_o in_o the_o night_n for_o peking_n we_o make_v what_o haste_n we_o can_v after_o he_o with_o our_o vessel_n and_o upon_o the_o 11._o we_o come_v to_o joeswoe_n the_o eight_o small_a city_n under_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o lie_v about_o forty_o mile_n from_o tiencin_n this_o small_a city_n be_v well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o trade_n and_o have_v a_o wealthy_a suburb_n belong_v to_o it_o all_o ship_n or_o vessel_n which_o pass_v this_o way_n pay_v custom_n here_o which_o bring_v a_o great_a revenue_n to_o the_o crown_n and_o also_o store_n of_o trade_n and_o for_o that_o end_n the_o emperor_n have_v his_o officer_n reside_v here_o to_o receive_v the_o toll_n of_o all_o such_o vessel_n there_o be_v several_a temple_n and_o other_o curious_a edifice_n which_o be_v magnificent_a ornament_n to_o the_o place_n we_o have_v add_v to_o each_o province_n of_o the_o fifteen_o what_o revenue_n each_o pay_v yearly_a to_o the_o emperor_n without_o the_o income_n of_o the_o custom-house_n where_o they_o pay_v for_o all_o ware_n and_o vessel_n these_o excise-place_n be_v very_o numerous_a through_o all_o china_n but_o what_o each_o may_v bring_v in_o yearly_a i_o can_v not_o well_o discover_v neither_o be_v it_o easy_a because_o the_o emperor_n appoint_v his_o own_o officer_n from_o who_o he_o receive_v their_o account_n the_o ambassador_n be_v receive_v here_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n with_o great_a civility_n and_o entertain_v at_o his_o house_n in_o much_o state_n which_o to_o requite_v in_o some_o measure_n they_o send_v he_o some_o present_n which_o he_o civil_o refuse_v in_o regard_n they_o have_v not_o yet_o see_v the_o emperor_n but_o some_o glass_n of_o rose-water_n be_v afterward_o at_o his_o request_n send_v unto_o he_o which_o he_o accept_v the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 12._o of_o july_n we_o pass_v by_o focheu_o which_o be_v also_o call_v by_o some_o queen_n and_o reckon_v for_o the_o twenty_o six_z small_a city_n under_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o peking_n it_o lie_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n about_o fifteen_o mile_n from_o joeswoe_n in_o a_o very_a pleasant_a soil_n this_o place_n be_v not_o very_o large_a but_o well_o build_v and_o full_a of_o brave_a edifice_n be_v surround_v with_o a_o high_a wall_n and_o strengthen_v with_o watch-tower_n and_o bulwark_n on_o the_o east_n side_n of_o the_o city_n without_o the_o wall_n stand_v a_o very_a fine_a temple_n with_o a_o tower_n of_o nine_o round_n high_a very_o curious_o build_v there_o be_v likewise_o in_o this_o place_n several_a triumphal_a arch_n much_o adorn_v the_o same_o upon_o the_o 16._o of_o july_n we_o come_v to_o sancianwey_n or_o sanho_n about_o twelve_o mile_n from_o focheu_o and_o four_o from_o peking_n this_o be_v the_o twelve_o small_a city_n under_o the_o imperial_a city_n peking_n and_o stand_v upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o river_n it_o be_v very_o populous_a and_o well_o fortify_v have_v a_o strong_a castle_n for_o defence_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o triumphal_a arch_n very_o artificial_o build_v of_o gray_a stone_n the_o southside_n have_v a_o broad_a stone_n bridge_n which_o rest_v upon_o five_o arch_n and_o be_v forty_o two_o pace_n long_o with_o house_n on_o each_o side_n this_o city_n of_o sancianwey_n and_o the_o follow_a tongsiou_n be_v within_o four_o mile_n of_o peking_n and_o so_o to_o the_o imperial_a city_n you_o make_v no_o near_o approach_v by_o water_n for_o common_o all_o good_n thither_o design_v be_v unlade_v either_o at_o sancianwey_n or_o tongsiou_n and_o so_o carry_v by_o land_n in_o wagon_n or_o upon_o mule_n and_o ass_n which_o be_v always_o to_o be_v have_v and_o stand_v there_o ready_a this_o way_n of_o carry_v good_n by_o land_n to_o peking_n maintain_v a_o great_a many_o poor_a people_n who_o have_v no_o other_o manner_n of_o livelihood_n but_o carry_v burden_n which_o they_o trudge_v under_o at_o a_o very_a reasonable_a rate_n to_o this_o city_n come_v the_o mandorin_n back_o who_o the_o ambassador_n have_v send_v out_o before_o to_o peking_n the_o next_o day_n come_v likewise_o twenty_o four_o horse_n with_o several_a wagon_n and_o cart_n which_o the_o council_n send_v to_o fetch_v the_o emperor_n present_n and_o our_o carriage_n all_o thing_n be_v ready_a the_o ambassador_n begin_v their_o journey_n by_o land_n to_o peking_n after_o this_o follow_a order_n two_o trumpeter_n rid_v at_o a_o distance_n before_o then_o follow_v the_o standard-bearer_n with_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n blazonry_n next_o to_o he_o the_o ambassador_n accompany_v with_o several_a tartar_n lord_n and_o gentleman_n well_o mount_v the_o captain_n and_o soldier_n who_o have_v thus_o far_o conduct_v the_o ambassador_n and_o be_v about_o fifty_o in_o number_n come_v after_o in_o good_a order_n with_o the_o emperor_n present_n and_o the_o ambassador_n good_n the_o road_n to_o peking_n be_v so_o full_a of_o people_n horse_n and_o wagon_n as_o if_o a_o army_n have_v be_v upon_o the_o march_n the_o way_n be_v exceed_o bad_a between_o this_o place_n and_o the_o city_n be_v very_o deep_a and_o uneven_a so_o that_o the_o horse_n be_v up_o to_o the_o belly_n almost_o every_o step_n the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 17._o we_o ride_v through_o tongsiou_n by_o some_o call_v tung_n and_o reckon_v for_o the_o eleven_o small_a city_n under_o the_o same_o jurisdiction_n situate_v in_o a_o very_a low_a and_o deep_a soil_n upon_o the_o side_n of_o the_o highway_n which_o lead_v to_o peking_n this_o tongsiou_n be_v very_o large_a and_o fence_v with_o strong_a wall_n have_v likewise_o a_o wall_n divide_v it_o in_o the_o middle_n here_o be_v no_o street_n but_o several_a brave_a building_n and_o curious_a temple_n the_o country_n be_v very_o pleasant_a full_a of_o cornfield_n and_o fruit-tree_n near_o to_o the_o road_n stand_v a_o temple_n where_o the_o ambassador_n refresh_v themselves_o and_o then_o continue_v their_o journey_n in_o the_o forementioned_a order_n the_o way_n be_v throng_v with_o people_n on_o each_o side_n of_o we_o in_o the_o afternoon_n we_o come_v to_o the_o suburb_n of_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n account_v the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o this_o province_n and_o be_v distant_a from_o canton_n 1530_o miles_n we_o pass_v through_o two_o magnificent_a gate_n into_o the_o city_n and_o light_v at_o a_o very_a famous_a temple_n into_o which_o the_o ambassador_n be_v invite_v the_o conduct_v to_o repose_v a_o while_n and_o to_o expect_v their_o carriage_n which_o be_v behind_o the_o ambassador_n be_v no_o soon_o enter_v but_o they_o be_v present_o welcome_v and_o salute_v by_o the_o emperor_n capado_n who_o carry_v a_o falcon_n upon_o his_o hand_n and_o also_o by_o the_o agent_n of_o the_o canton_n vice-roys_n who_o reside_v here_o and_o by_o several_a grandee_n of_o the_o court._n after_o they_o have_v a_o little_a refresh_v themselves_o with_o meat_n and_o drink_n and_o several_a sort_n of_o fruit_n and_o their_o carriage_n have_v be_v visit_v by_o the_o capado_n and_o the_o wagon_n and_o cart_n tell_v they_o be_v conduct_v from_o thence_o in_o great_a state_n to_o their_o lodging_n provide_v for_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n this_o house_n be_v not_o far_o from_o the_o palace_n and_o have_v
chief_a gate_n which_o make_v twelve_o in_o the_o whole_a and_o next_o to_o each_o of_o these_o stand_v a_o most_o stately_a edifice_n wherein_o the_o arm_n of_o the_o city_n be_v preserve_v the_o street_n run_v so_o straight_o that_o you_o may_v see_v quite_o through_o the_o city_n from_o one_o gate_n to_o another_o and_o build_v on_o both_o side_n with_o brave_a large_a house_n in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o city_n stand_v a_o most_o noble_a idol-temple_n wherein_o hang_v a_o very_a large_a bell_n which_o they_o ring_v three_o time_n in_o a_o evening_n after_o which_o no_o body_n be_v to_o go_v out_o of_o his_o house_n till_o the_o next_o morning_n unless_o it_o be_v for_o the_o sick_a or_o to_o visit_v their_o friend_n and_o whosoever_o go_v out_o after_o the_o bell_n have_v ring_v must_v take_v a_o light_n with_o he_o each_o gate_n be_v watch_v by_o a_o thousand_o soldier_n not_o out_o of_o fear_n of_o a_o enemy_n but_o against_o thief_n and_o rogue_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a about_o this_o city_n the_o ambassador_n have_v take_v their_o leaf_n of_o all_o the_o grandee_n and_o the_o chief_a of_o the_o rix-council_n depart_v out_o of_o this_o famous_a imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n and_o be_v come_v without_o the_o gate_n thereof_o they_o make_v a_o halt_n to_o stay_v for_o some_o of_o the_o wagon_n that_o be_v behind_o by_o which_o mean_v i_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v a_o further_a view_n thereof_o how_o the_o same_o be_v situate_a and_o how_o that_o famous_a and_o far_o renown_v wall_n do_v separate_v tartary_n and_o china_n and_o take_v its_o course_n quite_o through_o the_o mountain_n a_o true_a description_n whereof_o i_o here_o give_v you_o so_o far_o do_v this_o wall_n reach_v from_o east_n to_o west_n that_o it_o take_v in_o four_o province_n as_o leaotung_v peking_n xansi_fw-la and_o xensi_fw-la it_o contain_v three_o hundred_o dutch_a mile_n in_o length_n and_o begin_v at_o a_o arm_n of_o the_o sea_n which_o be_v situate_a between_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n and_o the_o hang_a island_n of_o corea_n where_o the_o river_n yalo_n flow_v out_o of_o the_o eastern_a tartary_n from_o thence_o it_o reach_v towards_o the_o west_n to_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o city_n kin_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la near_o to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o yellow_a river_n it_o run_v quite_o through_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n but_o have_v turn_n and_o wind_n in_o some_o place_n yet_o be_v no_o where_o break_v off_o or_o part_v only_o near_a to_o the_o frontier_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la lie_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n which_o make_v a_o separation_n in_o the_o wall_n to_o give_v way_n to_o this_o mountain_n also_o where_o it_o give_v passage_n to_o the_o yellow_a river_n it_o have_v a_o breach_n for_o so_o much_o space_n but_o for_o other_o small_a river_n they_o run_v through_o the_o wall_n without_o any_o separation_n by_o arch_n and_o sluice_n otherwise_o it_o be_v every_o where_o alike_o it_o be_v about_o thirty_o cubit_n or_o forty_o five_o foot_n high_a and_o some_o fifteen_o cubit_n broad_a several_a strong_a watch-tower_n be_v build_v upon_o this_o wall_n which_o stand_v at_o a_o distance_n from_o each_o other_o and_o be_v former_o guard_v by_o soldier_n heretofore_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n as_o also_o at_o present_a the_o great_a cham_n maintain_v for_o the_o defence_n of_o this_o wall_n and_o against_o the_o inroad_n of_o the_o tartar_n ten_o hundred_o thousand_o man_n who_o keep_v watch_n day_n and_o night_n by_o turn_n in_o the_o say_a watch-tower_n the_o building_n of_o this_o wall_n be_v begin_v under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o emperor_n chius_n who_o be_v a_o brave_a prince_n and_o do_v many_o great_a and_o noble_a deed_n as_o well_o in_o time_n of_o peace_n as_o war_n there_o be_v never_o any_o chinese_n emperor_n before_z nor_o since_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o he_o when_o this_o emperor_n have_v conquer_v the_o race_n of_o cheva_n and_o have_v bring_v all_o china_n under_o his_o subjection_n he_o be_v prefer_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n be_v before_o but_o a_o petty_a king_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o throne_n he_o cause_v this_o wall_n to_o be_v build_v have_v conquer_v the_o tartar_n the_o irreconcilable_a enemy_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o china_n to_o hinder_v and_o prevent_v by_o that_o mean_v their_o inroad_n into_o the_o kingdom_n this_o great_a work_n be_v begin_v by_o he_o in_o the_o twenty_o year_n of_o his_o reign_n two_o hundred_o year_n before_o christ_n birth_n about_o which_o he_o employ_v so_o great_a number_n of_o workman_n that_o it_o be_v finish_v in_o five_o year_n through_o all_o china_n the_o emperor_n command_v three_o man_n out_o of_o â—en_n to_o work_v upon_o this_o wall_n which_o be_v so_o well_o build_v and_o so_o strong_a that_o there_o be_v not_o the_o least_o crack_n in_o it_o this_o wall_n be_v admirable_a not_o only_o for_o the_o length_n and_o breadth_n but_o in_o regard_n of_o its_o durableness_n have_v last_v for_o so_o many_o age_n without_o alteration_n be_v as_o entire_a as_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v after_o some_o short_a stay_n without_o the_o gate_n of_o the_o city_n we_o get_v all_o our_o carriage_n together_o and_o then_o begin_v our_o journey_n back_o with_o all_o our_o follower_n by_o the_o same_o way_n we_o come_v we_o lodge_v that_o night_n in_o a_o village_n call_v pekinsin_n and_o the_o next_o day_n pass_v by_o the_o city_n of_o tongsiou_n and_o in_o the_o afternoon_n come_v to_o the_o city_n of_o sancianwey_n where_o the_o emperor_n vessel_n be_v still_o lie_v which_o bring_v we_o from_o nank_v expect_v our_o come_n the_o skipper_n come_v to_o meet_v the_o ambassador_n to_o bid_v they_o welcome_a and_o help_v carry_v our_o good_n aboard_o but_o the_o mandorin_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v order_v to_o wait_v upon_o we_o to_o conduct_v we_o to_o canton_n will_v not_o suffer_v the_o ambassador_n to_o embark_v in_o those_o vessel_n but_o in_o other_o which_o be_v provide_v by_o order_n of_o the_o emperor_n these_o vessel_n they_o call_v jonken_a and_o be_v very_o large_a have_v several_a convenience_n but_o lay_v so_o low_a and_o sluggish_a upon_o the_o water_n that_o they_o dare_v not_o venture_v themselves_o in_o they_o lest_o they_o shall_v not_o arrive_v at_o canton_n soon_o enough_o but_o be_v force_v to_o winter_n there_o therefore_o the_o ambassador_n to_o make_v no_o difference_n or_o hatred_n between_o the_o mandorin_n and_o our_o old_a skipper_n take_v neither_o the_o new_a jonkens_n nor_o their_o old_a ship_n but_o hire_v small_a vessel_n to_o make_v the_o more_o speed_n and_o have_v take_v order_n about_o our_o business_n and_o ship_v our_o good_n we_o set_v sail_n again_o from_o this_o sansianwey_n with_o the_o tartarian_a lord_n who_o the_o emperor_n have_v order_v to_o attend_v the_o ambassador_n together_o with_o the_o mandorin_n of_o canton_n and_o come_v late_o in_o the_o night_n to_o a_o small_a village_n upon_o the_o river_n guei_n where_o we_o continue_v till_o morning_n pinxenton_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n part_v from_o we_o at_o sancianwey_n and_o take_v his_o way_n over_o land_n to_o lince_a where_o we_o have_v leave_v his_o wife_n and_o child_n as_o we_o go_v to_o peking_n in_o our_o return_n from_o peking_n to_o canton_n we_o take_v the_o same_o way_n we_o come_v but_o pass_v by_o several_a city_n and_o village_n without_o enter_v into_o they_o upon_o the_o 23._o of_o october_n we_o come_v to_o singlo_n and_o the_o next_o day_n to_o sincocien_n upon_o the_o 25._o we_o get_v to_o tonquam_fw-la and_o the_o 27._o to_o tacheu_fw-la upon_o the_o 31._o of_o of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o get_v to_o lince_a where_o the_o ambassador_n be_v noble_o receive_v and_o treat_v by_o the_o mandorin_n pinxenton_n we_o stay_v here_o two_o or_o three_o day_n at_o the_o request_n of_o the_o say_v mandorin_n who_o make_v very_o much_o of_o we_o all_o that_o while_n and_o then_o we_o set_v sail_n with_o a_o good_a wind_n at_o north_n which_o blow_v so_o very_o hard_a and_o cold_a that_o we_o be_v hardly_o able_a to_o endure_v it_o upon_o the_o five_o of_o november_n have_v undergo_v much_o hardship_n we_o get_v to_o tunchant_v and_o the_o next_o day_n to_o xansiu_n where_o we_o can_v procure_v no_o fresh_a man_n to_o tow_n forward_o our_o vessel_n the_o ambassador_n to_o lose_v no_o long_o time_n hire_v such_o as_o they_o can_v meet_v withal_o in_o the_o street_n upon_o the_o eight_o of_o november_n we_o come_v in_o sight_n of_o cinning_n and_o on_o the_o 13._o follow_v to_o tamincien_fw-fr from_o thence_o we_o get_v into_o the_o yellow_a river_n and_o on_o the_o 17._o to_o the_o city_n of_o jamcefu_n where_o the_o ambassador_n be_v hearty_o welcome_v by_o the_o base_a brother_n of_o the_o
young_a canton_n viceroy_n and_o noble_o treat_v at_o his_o house_n after_o this_o friendly_a reception_n we_o take_v leave_v and_o come_v upon_o the_o 20._o into_o the_o river_n of_o kiang_n and_o the_o next_o day_n get_v before_o nank_v we_o come_v with_o our_o vessel_n before_o the_o gate_n where_o we_o have_v anchor_v in_o go_v and_o in_o regard_n the_o governor_n stand_v upon_o his_o departure_n we_o can_v not_o procure_v other_o vessel_n with_o that_o speed_n as_o we_o desire_v whereby_o we_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o take_v a_o more_o exact_a view_n of_o the_o city_n and_o to_o refresh_v ourselves_o a_o while_n after_o so_o tedious_a and_o troublesome_a a_o journey_n in_o the_o heart_n of_o china_n but_o the_o wether_n prove_v so_o very_o bad_a and_o cold_a that_o there_o be_v no_o go_v abroad_o all_o the_o while_o we_o continue_v here_o the_o ambassador_n themselves_o be_v often_o invite_v by_o several_a grandee_n to_o dinner_n but_o the_o wether_n prove_v so_o extreme_a ill_n they_o can_v go_v no_o where_o only_o they_o give_v a_o visit_n to_o the_o two_o chief_a toll-master_n who_o live_v in_o the_o suburb_n whereof_o the_o one_o be_v a_o chinese_n the_o other_o a_o tartar_n and_o both_o very_a brave_a person_n these_o two_o gentleman_n show_v a_o very_a great_a respect_n to_o the_o ambassador_n during_o their_o stay_n before_o this_o city_n have_v provide_v ourselves_o with_o necessary_n we_o depart_v from_o nank_v upon_o the_o 10._o of_o december_n and_o the_o 15._o we_o pass_v by_o a_o high_a rock_n which_o we_o in_o memory_n of_o william_n Ê‹ander_n beek_n in_o our_o journey_n forward_o call_v by_o the_o name_n of_o beekenburg_n the_o river_n kiang_n be_v about_o this_o place_n almost_o a_o mile_n broad_a and_o in_o foul_a wether_n prove_v very_o rough_a and_o dangerous_a on_o the_o bank_n of_o which_o lie_v a_o great_a many_o rock_n under_o water_n upon_o the_o 19_o at_o sunset_n we_o come_v to_o nankang_v it_o blow_v very_o hard_a all_o that_o 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we_o set_v sail_n again_o upon_o the_o twenty_o six_o but_o have_v go_v about_o a_o league_n it_o begin_v to_o blow_v so_o very_o hard_o that_o we_o be_v force_v to_o return_v back_o for_o shelter_n under_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o city_n where_o we_o lodge_v all_o night_n in_o safety_n the_o next_o day_n we_o depart_v early_o in_o the_o morning_n and_o see_v the_o hill_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o river_n cover_v with_o snow_n upon_o the_o fist_n of_o january_n 1657._o we_o arrive_v at_o the_o city_n of_o kinnungam_n where_o the_o next_o day_n though_o with_o much_o difficulty_n we_o procure_v fresh_a man_n to_o tow_n our_o vessel_n and_o about_o two_o of_o the_o clock_n in_o the_o afternoon_n set_v sail_n again_o to_o prosecute_v our_o voyage_n upon_o the_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o same_o month_n we_o get_v before_o the_o ruine_a city_n of_o vannungam_n where_o the_o ambassador_n be_v no_o soon_o go_v ashore_o but_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o place_n come_v to_o bid_v they_o welcome_a and_o likewise_o when_o we_o depart_v from_o thence_o he_o present_v the_o ambassador_n with_o some_o refreshment_n for_o the_o kitchen_n and_o among_o the_o rest_n with_o some_o candle_n which_o be_v make_v of_o a_o thick_a oily_a juice_n take_v off_o of_o some_o tree_n these_o candle_n burn_v very_o clear_a and_o sweet_a after_o we_o be_v provide_v with_o fresh_a man_n to_o tow_n our_o boat_n and_o expert_a pilot_n for_o without_o such_o there_o be_v no_o venture_v upon_o this_o river_n we_o set_v sail_n again_o and_o pass_v by_o very_a many_o rocky_a and_o dangerous_a place_n which_o be_v not_o as_o we_o come_v observable_a the_o water_n then_o be_v three_o foot_n high_o but_o now_o they_o appear_v above_o the_o stream_n and_o notwithstanding_o all_o our_o care_n the_o vessel_n in_o which_o the_o ambassador_n be_v happen_v to_o strike_v against_o one_o of_o they_o but_o with_o the_o turn_n and_o eddy_n of_o the_o stream_n she_o get_v off_o again_o without_o any_o 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time_n indispose_v to_o thank_v the_o tutang_n for_o the_o high_a honour_n he_o have_v do_v they_o and_o to_o take_v leave_n of_o a_o person_n who_o have_v be_v so_o civil_a to_o they_o upon_o the_o day_n follow_v be_v the_o 11._o we_o set_v sail_n again_o the_o wether_n prove_v exceed_o cold_a and_o upon_o the_o 15._o we_o come_v with_o all_o our_o vessel_n to_o the_o most_o famous_a city_n of_o nangan_n where_o the_o ambassador_n be_v lodge_v in_o a_o very_a large_a house_n on_o the_o southside_n of_o the_o suburb_n for_o the_o place_n where_o they_o lie_v before_o the_o tartar_n have_v burn_v to_o the_o ground_n who_o since_o our_o departure_n have_v march_v through_o with_o a_o fly_a army_n and_o commit_v several_a outrage_n upon_o the_o inhabitant_n on_o the_o nineteen_o of_o january_n we_o depart_v from_o thence_o and_o have_v pass_v those_o water_n which_o be_v the_o most_o dangerous_a and_o troublesome_a we_o be_v now_o to_o travel_v some_o part_n by_o land_n to_o get_v from_o nangang_n to_o namhung_a the_o ambassador_n be_v carry_v in_o chair_n or_o sedan_n which_o they_o have_v order_v to_o be_v make_v at_o nank_v wherein_o they_o be_v so_o speedy_o convey_v over_o the_o mountain_n by_o thirty_o soldier_n who_o they_o have_v hire_v for_o that_o purpose_n that_o they_o come_v to_o namhung_a though_o late_a that_o night_n without_o lodging_n on_o the_o mountain_n as_o they_o do_v in_o come_v we_o lay_v here_o at_o a_o famous_a house_n of_o entertainment_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o viceroy_n of_o canton_n i_o have_v already_o give_v a_o account_n at_o large_a of_o the_o situation_n of_o this_o place_n in_o the_o draught_n i_o take_v thereof_o in_o our_o voyage_n to_o peking_n now_o in_o our_o return_n i_o think_v it_o worth_a the_o while_n to_o make_v this_o further_a addition_n set_v before_o you_o the_o prospect_n of_o this_o city_n on_o the_o other_o side_n as_o exact_o as_o i_o can_v take_v it_o have_v procure_v new_a vessel_n and_o put_v our_o good_n aboard_o we_o leave_v this_o city_n upon_o the_o 21._o of_o the_o same_o month_n and_o pass_v by_o several_a dangerous_a water_n we_o come_v to_o those_o wonderful_a and_o strange_a mountain_n of_o suytieen_n and_o from_o thence_o to_o the_o hill_n which_o we_o mention_v former_o by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o five_o horse_n head_n upon_o the_o 25._o instant_a we_o get_v with_o good_a success_n before_o the_o city_n of_o saocheâ—_n and_o here_o we_o begin_v to_o put_v on_o our_o sail_n again_o which_o before_o we_o dare_v not_o bear_v be_v now_o past_o the_o narrow_a of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o rock_n and_o the_o next_o day_n be_v the_o 26._o we_o come_v to_o the_o mountain_n swanghoab_n before_o speak_v of_o and_o in_o regard_n the_o water_n be_v now_o at_o least_o twenty_o
to_o live_v as_o private_a person_n under_o the_o three_o be_v reckon_v such_o as_o be_v decrepit_a and_o too_o far_o strike_v in_o year_n for_o government_n or_o else_o such_o as_o be_v too_o remiss_a in_o their_o office_n these_o though_o they_o be_v put_v by_o the_o exercise_n of_o their_o office_n yet_o enjoy_v all_o their_o privilege_n as_o they_o be_v wont_a when_o they_o be_v in_o their_o place_n so_o long_o as_o they_o live_v in_o the_o four_o rank_n be_v put_v down_o such_o as_o have_v be_v too_o hasty_a and_o rash_a in_o pass_v sentence_n act_v without_o any_o forecast_n in_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o empire_n these_o be_v degrade_v and_o put_v in_o some_o inferior_a office_n or_o else_o employ_v elsewhere_o upon_o less_o weighty_a affair_n in_o the_o last_o place_n all_o such_o as_o live_v imprudent_o and_o unbecoming_a the_o greatness_n of_o their_o station_n and_o employment_n be_v not_o only_o deprive_v of_o their_o place_n but_o also_o of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n for_o ever_o the_o like_a general_a inquisition_n and_o examination_n be_v make_v every_o twelve_o year_n among_o the_o rix-council_n as_o also_o among_o the_o military_a officer_n beside_o the_o mandorin_n and_o assistant_n be_v oblige_v once_o a_o day_n to_o give_v a_o account_n to_o the_o governor_n of_o their_o city_n of_o their_o own_o and_o other_o person_n transaction_n under_o their_o jurisdiction_n as_o also_o what_o have_v past_a either_o in_o city_n or_o country_n and_o if_o they_o forbear_v to_o give_v notice_n of_o any_o thing_n that_o tend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o the_o state_n which_o afterward_o come_v to_o be_v know_v they_o be_v most_o severe_o punish_v without_o any_o delay_n or_o respect_n of_o their_o person_n a_o instance_n whereof_o happen_v at_o canton_n when_o we_o be_v there_o the_o old_a viceroy_n cause_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a mandorin_n to_o be_v kill_v in_o his_o presence_n for_o such_o a_o crime_n and_o will_v not_o delay_v the_o expiation_n of_o the_o criminal_n offence_n by_o his_o blood_n so_o long_o till_o the_o executioner_n can_v be_v fetch_v to_o behead_v the_o offender_n according_a to_o the_o custom_n of_o the_o country_n four_o none_o may_v in_o the_o province_n where_o he_o be_v bear_v take_v upon_o he_o the_o office_n of_o a_o magistrate_n but_o be_v admit_v to_o be_v a_o field-commander_n the_o reason_n whereof_o may_v be_v lest_o he_o who_o sit_v in_o the_o place_n of_o justice_n shall_v favour_v his_o relation_n but_o the_o soldier_n be_v at_o home_n in_o his_o own_o country_n will_v fight_v pro_fw-la aris_n &_o focis_fw-la and_o the_o more_o valiant_o defend_v it_o the_o son_n of_o such_o as_o be_v magistrate_n be_v not_o permit_v to_o go_v much_o abroad_o that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v corrupt_v with_o bribe_n five_o the_o chineses_n will_v not_o suffer_v any_o stranger_n to_o continue_v in_o their_o country_n who_o have_v a_o intention_n to_o return_v home_o into_o his_o own_o native_a soil_n or_o be_v find_v to_o hold_v any_o correspondence_n with_o foreign_a kingdom_n neither_o be_v a_o foreiner_n permit_v to_o come_v into_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o this_o be_v the_o cause_n that_o no_o stranger_n dare_v venture_v into_o china_n otherwise_o than_o under_o the_o pretence_n of_o a_o embassy_n which_o be_v not_o only_o to_o be_v understand_v of_o such_o as_o be_v far_o distant_a from_o china_n but_o also_o of_o their_o friend_n ally_n and_o tributary_n who_o pay_v tax_n to_o they_o of_o which_o sort_n be_v the_o neighbour_a islander_n of_o corea_n who_o for_o the_o most_o part_n observe_v the_o chinese_n law_n and_o if_o they_o discover_v a_o foreiner_n to_o have_v live_v private_o in_o china_n they_o restrain_v he_o from_o return_v into_o his_o own_o country_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n six_o no_o body_n be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v any_o arm_n within_o a_o city_n nor_o the_o soldier_n nor_o commander_n nor_o the_o learned_a philosopher_n unless_o they_o be_v upon_o the_o march_n and_o go_v to_o the_o war_n neither_o be_v any_o suffer_v to_o have_v arm_n in_o their_o house_n or_o to_o ride_v arm_v otherwise_o than_o with_o a_o dagger_n to_o defend_v themselves_o against_o high-way-man_n in_o this_o empire_n all_o magisterial_a officer_n whatever_o whether_o philosophical_a or_o of_o the_o council_n of_o war_n be_v rank_v into_o nine_o order_n according_a to_o which_o each_o have_v a_o monthly_a allowance_n pay_v he_o either_o in_o money_n or_o rice_n out_o of_o the_o public_a revenue_n which_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o state_n and_o garb_n they_o live_v in_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v the_o charge_n and_o expense_n they_o be_v at_o for_o those_o of_o the_o high_a order_n have_v but_o a_o thousand_o crown_n yearly_a yet_o some_o of_o they_o grow_v to_o be_v very_o rich_a man_n but_o certain_o not_o by_o what_o be_v give_v they_o underhand_o for_o courtesy_n do_v notwithstanding_o all_o the_o examination_n aforesaid_a all_o the_o magistrate_n as_o well_o superior_a as_o inferior_a wear_v for_o a_o badge_n and_o mark_n of_o respect_n and_o dignity_n one_o sort_n and_o fashion_n of_o hat_n which_o none_o else_o be_v suffer_v to_o wear_v these_o hat_n or_o bonnet_n be_v make_v of_o black_a silk_n and_o have_v on_o both_o side_n two_o oval_a flap_n which_o cover_v the_o ear_n and_o be_v make_v fast_o to_o the_o bonnet_n that_o they_o can_v fall_v off_o in_o which_o manner_n and_o garb_n when_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o street_n they_o walk_v with_o great_a gravity_n not_o differ_v from_o each_o other_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o habit_n save_v only_o that_o they_o have_v distinguish_v mark_n upon_o their_o clothes_n whereby_o their_o quality_n be_v know_v to_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o to_o what_o order_n they_o belong_v last_o you_o must_v know_v that_o the_o chinese_n though_o the_o tartar_n have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o this_o empire_n yet_o sit_v every_o where_o in_o the_o council_n they_o enjoy_v their_o old_a law_n custom_n and_o privilege_n as_o former_o and_o it_o seem_v the_o tartar_n suffer_v this_o in_o regard_n they_o find_v the_o chineses_n have_v more_o understanding_n and_o be_v better_o verse_v in_o govern_v the_o country_n and_o people_n than_o themselves_o who_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v fit_a for_o war_n and_o more_o able_a by_o force_n to_o conquer_v than_o by_o policy_n to_o rule_v kingdom_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o character_n language_n write_v and_o literature_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o in_o what_o manner_n the_o learned_a in_o china_n arrive_v to_o the_o several_a degree_n of_o knowledge_n the_o chinese_n manner_n of_o write_v differ_v very_o much_o from_o the_o language_n they_o speak_v for_o there_o be_v not_o one_o book_n in_o all_o china_n which_o be_v write_v in_o their_o mother-tongue_n all_o the_o word_n in_o the_o chinese_n language_n without_o exception_n be_v monasyllable_n neither_o have_v they_o few_o letter_n than_o word_n for_o each_o letter_n be_v with_o they_o a_o word_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o chinese_n word_n which_o comprehend_v several_a letter_n yet_o every_o one_o of_o those_o letter_n signify_v a_o particular_a word_n and_o although_o the_o chineses_n have_v as_o many_o character_n as_o business_n yet_o they_o be_v so_o skilful_a in_o join_v they_o that_o they_o make_v about_o seventy_o or_o eighty_o thousand_o but_o about_o the_o certain_a number_n writer_n seem_v to_o differ_v the_o jesuit_n athanasius_n kircher_n reckon_v they_o eighty_o thousand_o in_o all_o which_o they_o must_v be_v know_v and_o expert_a who_o will_v aim_v at_o the_o high_a degree_n of_o learning_n although_o any_o one_o that_o know_v but_o ten_o thousand_o of_o they_o may_v perfect_o understand_v the_o language_n and_o be_v able_a to_o write_v their_o character_n m._n martinus_n in_o his_o prologue_n to_o the_o history_n of_o china_n say_v that_o the_o chineses_n have_v above_o sixty_o thousand_o character_n which_o have_v several_a distinction_n and_o signification_n this_o be_v confirm_v my_o mandelslo_n in_o his_o persian_a voyage_n though_o other_o raise_v the_o number_n to_o one_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o thousand_o and_o which_o be_v worth_a observation_n notwithstanding_o this_o almost_o infinite_a variety_n and_o difficulty_n yet_o such_o be_v their_o diligence_n and_o industry_n that_o all_o these_o word_n be_v find_v in_o a_o large_a dictionary_n call_v holpien_n which_o signify_v the_o sea_n of_o this_o so_o great_a difference_n in_o the_o number_n of_o the_o chinese_n letter_n no_o other_o reason_n can_v be_v give_v but_o that_o the_o original_a number_n have_v be_v increase_v from_o time_n to_o time_n for_o the_o better_a understanding_n the_o method_n of_o the_o chineses_n write_v i_o conceive_v it_o not_o amiss_o to_o declare_v more_o plain_o the_o form_n and_o difference_n of_o these_o their_o so_o vary_a character_n
treat_v of_o the_o same_o subject_a with_o those_o other_o five_o and_o these_o nine_o book_n be_v all_o that_o be_v to_o be_v find_v in_o china_n among_o the_o bookseller_n out_o of_o which_o all_o other_o be_v compose_v and_o certain_o therein_o be_v contain_v most_o excellent_a rule_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o well_o order_v of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o such_o as_o have_v prove_v to_o the_o very_a great_a advantage_n of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n for_o which_o cause_n a_o law_n be_v make_v by_o the_o ancient_a king_n that_o whosoever_o will_v be_v a_o learned_a man_n or_o so_o repute_v must_v extract_v the_o principal_a groundwork_n of_o his_o learning_n from_o these_o book_n nor_o be_v it_o enough_o to_o understand_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o sense_n of_o the_o same_o but_o he_o must_v likewise_o get_v they_o by_o heart_n and_o be_v able_a to_o repeat_v a_o considerable_a part_n thereof_o if_o he_o will_v be_v think_v to_o have_v arrive_v at_o a_o eminent_a pitch_n of_o learning_n there_o be_v no_o public_a school_n in_o all_o china_n though_o some_o writer_n have_v erroneous_o tell_v we_o the_o contrary_a but_o every_o person_n choose_v his_o own_o master_n by_o who_o he_o be_v teach_v in_o his_o house_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a difficulty_n in_o teach_v the_o chinese_n character_n in_o respect_n of_o their_o vast_a number_n and_o variety_n it_o be_v impossible_a for_o one_o to_o teach_v many_o several_a person_n and_o therefore_o every_o master_n of_o a_o family_n take_v a_o instructor_n into_o his_o house_n for_o his_o child_n of_o who_o if_o there_o be_v two_o or_o three_o to_o learn_v they_o be_v as_o many_o as_o one_o tutor_n can_v well_o teach_v all_o such_o as_o be_v find_v upon_o examination_n to_o have_v make_v good_a progress_n in_o philosophy_n arise_v to_o promotion_n by_o three_o degree_n of_o learning_n the_o first_o be_v call_v sieucai_n the_o second_o kiugin_n the_o three_o cinfu_n the_o first_o degree_n of_o learning_n call_v sieucai_n be_v give_v in_o every_o city_n by_o a_o certain_a eminent_a learned_a person_n appoint_v by_o the_o emperor_n for_o that_o purpose_n and_o according_a to_o his_o office_n bear_v the_o name_n of_o tihio_n this_o tihio_n go_v a_o circuit_n through_o all_o the_o town_n of_o his_o province_n on_o purpose_n to_o promote_v learned_a man_n to_o this_o degree_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v come_v into_o any_o city_n he_o make_v know_v his_o arrival_n whereupon_o all_o such_o as_o stand_v for_o this_o preferment_n address_v themselves_o unto_o he_o to_o be_v examine_v and_o if_o he_o find_v they_o qualify_v he_o immediate_o prefer_v they_o to_o this_o first_o step_n of_o learning_n and_o that_o their_o worth_n may_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o for_o a_o particular_a badge_n of_o their_o dignity_n they_o wear_v a_o gown_n bonnet_n and_o boot_n in_o which_o habit_n none_o be_v permit_v to_o go_v but_o such_o as_o be_v in_o this_o manner_n become_v graduate_n they_o enjoy_v likewise_o several_a honourable_a privilege_n and_o immunity_n and_o be_v prefer_v to_o considerable_a employment_n in_o the_o government_n the_o second_o degree_n of_o honour_n to_o which_o the_o learned_a chineses_n be_v prefer_v be_v call_v kiugin_n which_o be_v give_v with_o much_o more_o state_n than_o the_o former_a and_o be_v confer_v only_o upon_o such_o as_o they_o judge_v to_o be_v most_o deserve_v and_o this_o promotion_n be_v make_v but_o once_o in_o three_o year_n and_o perform_v after_o this_o manner_n in_o each_o capital_a city_n be_v a_o great_a and_o well-built_a palace_n encompass_v with_o high_a wall_n and_o set_v apart_o only_o for_o the_o examination_n of_o the_o scholar_n in_o this_o place_n be_v several_a apartment_n and_o mansion_n for_o the_o use_n of_o examiner_n when_o they_o come_v to_o supervise_v the_o scholar_n work_n beside_o these_o apartment_n there_o be_v at_o least_o a_o thousand_o cell_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o palace_n but_o so_o small_a that_o they_o will_v only_o contain_v only_o one_o person_n a_o little_a table_n and_o a_o bench_n in_o these_o no_o one_o can_v speak_v to_o his_o neighbour_n nor_o be_v see_v by_o he_o when_o the_o king_n examiner_n be_v arrive_v in_o the_o city_n they_o be_v lock_v up_o apart_o in_o this_o palace_n and_o not_o suffer_v to_o discourse_n with_o any_o whatsoever_o while_o they_o be_v there_o when_o the_o time_n of_o examination_n be_v come_v to_o which_o be_v appoint_v three_o whole_a day_n namely_o the_o nine_o twelve_o and_o fifteen_o day_n of_o the_o eight_o month_n then_o be_v the_o write_n of_o the_o scholar_n with_o great_a judgement_n narrow_o examine_v and_o several_a question_n propound_v to_o be_v resolve_v by_o they_o the_o three_o degree_n be_v call_v cinsu_n and_o be_v equal_a with_o that_o of_o doctor_n of_o divinity_n law_n or_o physic_n in_o europe_n and_o this_o be_v confer_v likewise_o every_o three_o year_n and_o to_o they_o only_o in_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o peking_n to_o this_o honour_n can_v only_o three_o hundred_o out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n arrive_v and_o the_o examination_n of_o they_o before_o they_o be_v choose_v be_v perform_v by_o the_o king_n examiner_n in_o the_o same_o method_n and_o state_n as_o the_o former_a and_o such_o as_o attain_v to_o this_o height_n of_o honour_n by_o their_o learning_n be_v prefer_v to_o the_o high_a place_n of_o dignity_n in_o the_o empire_n and_o be_v have_v in_o great_a esteem_n and_o reputation_n by_o the_o people_n chap._n iii_o of_o several_a chinese_n handicraft-trade_n comedian_n juggler_n and_o beggar_n the_o chineses_n be_v not_o altogether_o without_o some_o experience_n and_o skill_n in_o architecture_n although_o for_o neatness_n and_o polite_a curiosity_n their_o building_n be_v not_o to_o be_v compare_v with_o that_o in_o europe_n neither_o be_v their_o edifice_n so_o costly_a or_o durable_a in_o regard_n they_o proportion_v their_o house_n to_o the_o shortness_n of_o life_n build_v as_o they_o say_v for_o themselves_o not_o for_o other_o and_o this_o sure_o be_v one_o reason_n why_o the_o chinese_n can_v comprehend_v nor_o imagine_v the_o costly_a and_o princely_a palace_n which_o be_v in_o europe_n and_o when_o they_o have_v be_v tell_v that_o some_o of_o the_o say_a edifice_n have_v stand_v for_o many_o age_n they_o seem_v as_o it_o be_v amaze_v thereat_o but_o if_o they_o consider_v the_o true_a reason_n of_o such_o continuance_n they_o will_v rather_o applaud_v and_o imitate_v than_o wonder_n for_o that_o which_o make_v our_o building_n last_o so_o long_o be_v because_o we_o make_v deep_a foundation_n whereas_o in_o china_n they_o dig_v no_o foundation_n at_o all_o but_o lay_v the_o stone_n even_o with_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o ground_n upon_o which_o they_o build_v high_a and_o heavy_a tower_n and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o soon_o decay_v and_o require_v daily_a reparation_n neither_o be_v this_o all_o for_o the_o house_n in_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v of_o wood_n or_o rest_n upon_o wooden_a pillar_n yet_o they_o be_v cover_v with_o tile_n as_o in_o europe_n and_o be_v contrive_v commodious_o within_o though_o not_o beautiful_a to_o the_o eye_n without_o however_o by_o the_o curiosity_n of_o the_o people_n they_o be_v keep_v very_o clean_a and_o neat_a their_o temple_n be_v most_o curious_o build_v some_o whereof_o in_o solitary_a place_n near_o the_o highway_n to_o the_o great_a accommodation_n of_o traveller_n they_o be_v hang_v full_a of_o image_n and_o heavy_a lamp_n which_o burn_v continual_o in_o memory_n of_o one_o or_o other_o that_o live_v well_o and_o die_v happy_o these_o people_n have_v make_v no_o small_a progress_n in_o several_a science_n by_o their_o early_a be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o art_n of_o print_v for_o though_o those_o of_o europe_n do_v therein_o exceed_v the_o chineses_n have_v reduce_v the_o same_o to_o more_o exactness_n and_o certain_a method_n yet_o say_v trigautius_n in_o the_o four_o chapter_n of_o his_o first_o book_n the_o use_n of_o the_o printing-press_n be_v much_o soon_o in_o china_n than_o in_o europe_n for_o it_o be_v most_o certain_a that_o the_o same_o have_v be_v in_o use_n among_o the_o chinese_n for_o five_o age_n past_a nay_o some_o stick_v not_o to_o affirm_v that_o they_o use_v print_v before_o the_o birth_n of_o christ._n mercator_n in_o his_o great_a atlas_n write_v that_o the_o printing-press_n and_o the_o use_n of_o cannon_n be_v of_o so_o great_a antiquity_n in_o china_n that_o it_o be_v not_o know_v who_o be_v the_o inventor_n of_o they_o all_o which_o if_o it_o be_v take_v for_o grant_v yet_o nevertheless_o they_o be_v too_o large_a in_o say_v that_o that_o printing_n have_v be_v use_v by_o they_o ever_o since_o their_o country_n have_v be_v call_v the_o empire_n or_o kingdom_n of_o china_n
which_o be_v write_v some_o chinese_n character_n that_o foretell_v thing_n that_o shall_v come_v to_o pass_v on_o the_o side_n stand_v several_a vessel_n with_o incense_n burn_v and_o in_o the_o middle_n be_v a_o wooden_a dish_n with_o several_a offering_n in_o it_o which_o the_o priest_n when_o they_o will_v know_v or_o foretell_v any_o thing_n bring_v to_o the_o altar_n and_o offer_v up_o to_o this_o image_n now_o the_o chief_a offering_n at_o such_o time_n be_v either_o rice_n wine_n or_o the_o entrail_n of_o beast_n which_o be_v ceremonious_o dispose_v the_o priest_n draw_v some_o reed_n out_o of_o the_o bambo_n basket_n and_o if_o they_o be_v in_o his_o opinion_n portentous_a of_o ill_a he_o draw_v out_o other_o till_o he_o have_v draw_v such_o as_o he_o believe_v prognosticate_v good_n in_o this_o interim_n the_o incense_n burn_v and_o at_o last_o the_o priest_n fall_v upon_o his_o knee_n and_o mumble_v one_o thing_n or_o other_o to_o himself_o whereby_o he_o intend_v to_o pacify_v the_o idol_n and_o get_v he_o to_o favour_v his_o suit_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la in_o the_o city_n of_o taâ—ven_n be_v a_o temple_n dedicate_v to_o siangus_fw-la the_o wise_a of_o their_o emperor_n and_o of_o the_o family_n of_o chaus_n it_o be_v report_v in_o their_o history_n that_o this_o image_n which_o be_v make_v of_o very_o precious_a stone_n be_v finish_v rise_v up_o of_o itself_o and_o go_v to_o the_o place_n which_o be_v appoint_v for_o its_o station_n at_o leugan_n upon_o the_o mountain_n peco_n which_o signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o fruit_n be_v found_v a_o temple_n in_o honour_n of_o the_o emperor_n xiâ—â—ungus_n near_o which_o stand_v a_o famous_a well_o now_o according_a to_o the_o saâ—ing_n of_o the_o chinese_n xinnungus_n receive_v divers_a sort_n of_o seed_n from_o a_o unknown_a person_n and_o receive_v direction_n in_o what_o manner_n he_o shall_v sow_v the_o same_o to_o gain_v a_o plentiful_a harvest_n which_o he_o have_v experiment_v teach_v to_o his_o subject_n for_o which_o benefit_n they_o erect_v this_o temple_n to_o his_o memory_n at_o very_o great_a charge_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la in_o the_o city_n of_o hanchang_n be_v five_o temple_n whereof_o one_o be_v dedicate_v to_o the_o emperor_n cangleangus_fw-la because_o he_o have_v cause_v a_o way_n to_o be_v cut_v through_o the_o mountain_n and_o in_o perpetual_a memory_n of_o this_o his_o great_a undertake_v this_o temple_n be_v erect_v in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o kingang_n be_v three_o temple_n full_a of_o image_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o xantung_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o cinan_n be_v several_a near_o to_o yencheu_o in_o the_o city_n of_o ceu_fw-la be_v fifteen_o stately_a temple_n dedicate_v to_o helvutius_fw-la and_o other_o renown_a hero_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o chingtu_n be_v one_o build_v to_o the_o memory_n of_o king_n cancungus_fw-la because_o he_o teach_v the_o inhabitant_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o art_n of_o raise_v and_o prepare_v of_o silkworm_n in_o the_o province_n of_o huquang_n near_o to_o kiun_n be_v a_o large_a hill_n call_v vutang_n upon_o which_o be_v erect_v several_a structure_n with_o cloister_n for_o priest_n and_o the_o reason_n thereof_o may_v be_v for_o that_o here_o all_o priest_n receive_v their_o introduction_n who_o follow_v and_o teach_v the_o inward_a approve_a doctrine_n of_o the_o separation_n of_o soul_n and_o body_n in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n ningque_n stand_v a_o very_a high_a and_o beautiful_a edifice_n call_v hiangsin_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o well-scented_n heart_n and_o dedicate_v to_o five_o virgin_n who_o be_v assault_v by_o such_o as_o will_v have_v ravish_v they_o rather_o choose_v to_o die_v than_o have_v their_o virginity_n violate_v in_o honour_n of_o who_o chastity_n the_o inhabitant_n erect_v these_o temple_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n and_o in_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o hangcheu_fw-la be_v find_v very_o many_o of_o these_o building_n to_o which_o belong_v several_a thousand_o of_o priest_n at_o nank_v on_o the_o mountain_n ni_fw-fr stand_v one_o of_o these_o fabric_n that_o have_v at_o least_o a_o thousand_o image_n to_o it_o and_o to_o every_o image_n ten_o priest_n and_o indeed_o to_o shorten_v this_o relation_n there_o be_v hardly_o a_o mountain_n or_o hill_n in_o china_n of_o any_o note_n but_o have_v a_o temple_n upon_o it_o with_o priest_n belong_v to_o it_o in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n near_o to_o the_o city_n cinggan_n lie_v a_o great_a hill_n call_v vay_fw-mi which_o have_v several_a temple_n and_o cloister_n upon_o it_o abound_v with_o priest_n and_o friar_n most_o whereof_o worship_n idol_n shave_v their_o crown_n and_o despise_v all_o earthly_a riches_n possession_n and_o honour_n but_o that_o which_o be_v full_a of_o admiration_n be_v this_o it_o be_v say_v that_o among_o these_o priest_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a call_v change_v who_o have_v two_o chapel_n under_o his_o command_n be_v convince_v of_o the_o error_n of_o his_o way_n come_v one_o day_n into_o his_o temple_n break_v all_o the_o idol_n in_o piece_n exclaim_v bitter_o against_o the_o priest_n for_o have_v thus_o long_o deceive_v he_o and_o keep_v he_o in_o blind_a ignorance_n from_o thenceforth_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n to_o the_o utmost_a period_n of_o his_o life_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n near_o to_o the_o city_n civencheu_o be_v a_o temple_n call_v caiyven_v which_o be_v worthy_a of_o admiration_n both_o for_o its_o height_n and_o largeness_n the_o outside_n of_o this_o sumptuous_a edifice_n be_v all_o of_o marble_n and_o the_o inside_n most_o rich_o adorn_v with_o idol_n of_o all_o sort_n among_o other_o there_o be_v some_o that_o exceed_v which_o be_v either_o cast_v in_o copper_n or_o cut_v out_o of_o marble_n make_v for_o madam_n fee_fw-mi have_v such_o curiosity_n of_o workmanship_n that_o the_o chineses_n say_v they_o be_v not_o make_v with_o mortal_a hand_n without_o the_o imperial_a city_n of_o nank_v i_o be_v myself_o in_o one_o of_o the_o three_o idol-temple_n where_o hell_n so_o as_o virgil_n describe_v the_o same_o in_o the_o six_o book_n of_o his_o aeneid_n be_v so_o curious_o paint_v to_o the_o life_n and_o adorn_v with_o rare_a image_n of_o plaster_n that_o it_o be_v enough_o to_o fill_v all_o person_n with_o admiration_n that_o look_v upon_o the_o same_o chap._n x._o of_o tower_n and_o sea-marks_a china_n be_v very_o full_a of_o brave_a and_o well-built_a tower_n whereof_o some_o be_v nine_o other_o seven_a story_n high_a many_o of_o which_o be_v only_o for_o ornament_n but_o upon_o a_o great_a part_n of_o they_o call_v ceuleu_n stand_v their_o clock-workss_a and_o in_o other_o especial_o at_o nank_v be_v keep_v the_o astrological_a instrument_n upon_o the_o clockhouse_n turret_n stand_v a_o instrument_n which_o show_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n by_o mean_n of_o water_n which_o run_v from_o one_o vessel_n into_o another_o raises_z a_o board_n upon_o which_o be_v portray_v a_o mark_n for_o the_o time_n of_o the_o day_n and_o you_o be_v to_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v always_o one_o remain_v there_o to_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o pass_n of_o the_o time_n who_o at_o every_o hour_n signify_v the_o same_o to_o the_o people_n by_o beat_v upon_o a_o drum_n and_o hang_v out_o a_o board_n with_o the_o hour_n write_v upon_o it_o in_o large_a letter_n this_o time-drummer_n likewise_o give_v notice_n if_o he_o discover_v any_o fire_n whereupon_o the_o people_n all_o rise_n to_o quench_v it_o in_o who_o house_n soever_o the_o fire_n happen_v through_o carelessness_n the_o master_n thereof_o be_v punish_v with_o death_n because_o of_o the_o fright_n and_o hazard_n he_o put_v his_o neighbour_n in_o who_o house_n join_v to_o his_o and_o build_v all_o of_o timber_n as_o all_o habitation_n there_o be_v be_v in_o very_o great_a danger_n of_o be_v likewise_o consume_v for_o all_o the_o house_n stand_v very_o close_o and_o this_o in_o truth_n be_v the_o cause_n of_o so_o great_a severity_n show_v against_o such_o who_o house_n be_v burn_v through_o carelessness_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n hiaiken_n stand_v a_o very_a ancient_a tower_n which_o be_v very_o much_o decay_v but_o yet_o keep_v the_o height_n of_o a_o hundred_o and_o eighty_o pace_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o to_o be_v admire_v therein_o be_v that_o it_o be_v build_v of_o stone_n which_o with_o infinite_a labour_n industry_n and_o expense_n they_o must_v bring_v thither_o and_o then_o together_o with_o the_o mortar_n carry_v up_o so_o great_a a_o height_n to_o build_v such_o a_o tower_n in_o the_o country_n of_o huquang_n near_o to_o the_o city_n of_o hanyang_n be_v a_o tower_n call_v xelonhoa_n which_o far_o excel_v all_o other_o such_o like_a
will_v take_v up_o too_o much_o time_n and_o make_v this_o book_n swell_v into_o a_o large_a volume_n than_o be_v at_o first_o intend_v therefore_o to_o pass_v they_o by_o we_o will_v proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o fashion_n of_o their_o ship_n of_o ship_n the_o royal_a ship_n and_o those_o of_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n exceed_v the_o rest_n and_o be_v build_v after_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o few_o or_o none_o will_v scarce_o give_v credit_n to_o the_o account_n i_o shall_v give_v of_o they_o unless_o they_o have_v see_v they_o our_o vessel_n in_o europe_n be_v in_o no_o wise_a comparable_a to_o those_o for_o they_o lie_v upon_o the_o water_n like_o high_a house_n or_o castle_n and_o be_v divide_v on_o both_o side_n with_o partition_n in_o the_o middle_n be_v a_o place_n like_o a_o hall_n furnish_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o householdstuff_n as_o table_n chair_n etc._n etc._n the_o window_n and_o door_n be_v make_v in_o the_o fashion_n of_o our_o grate_v wherein_o in_o stead_n of_o glass_n they_o use_v the_o thin_a oyster-shell_n they_o can_v get_v or_o else_o fine_a linen_n or_o silk_n which_o they_o spread_v with_o clear_a wax_n and_o adorn_v with_o several_a sort_n of_o flower_n and_o this_o keep_v out_o the_o wind_n and_o air_n better_o than_o any_o glass_n round_o about_o the_o ship_n be_v make_v gallery_n very_o commodious_a for_o the_o seaman_n to_o do_v whatever_o business_n they_o have_v without_o prejudice_n to_o the_o rig_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o ship_n be_v paint_v with_o a_o certain_a sort_n of_o gum_n call_v cie_n which_o make_v it_o glitter_v and_o appear_v very_o glorious_a at_o a_o distance_n but_o within_o it_o be_v most_o curious_o paint_v with_o several_a colour_n very_o pleasant_a and_o delightful_a to_o the_o eye_n the_o plank_n and_o timber-work_n be_v so_o curious_o rift_v together_o and_o joint_v that_o there_o be_v little_a or_o no_o sign_n of_o any_o ironwork_n in_o length_n they_o differ_v not_o much_o from_o those_o in_o europe_n only_o they_o be_v low_a and_o narrow_a and_o the_o passage_n up_o into_o they_o be_v by_o a_o ladder_n twelve_o foot_n long_o the_o stern_a of_o the_o ship_n where_o the_o trumpeter_n and_o drummer_n stand_v be_v like_o a_o castle_n when_o any_o of_o these_o ship_n of_o the_o governor_n meet_v one_o another_o at_o sea_n they_o salute_v and_o give_v place_n according_a to_o their_o quality_n which_o be_v write_v in_o great_a letter_n behind_o their_o ship_n so_o that_o there_o never_o happen_v any_o dispute_n about_o precedency_n when_o it_o be_v a_o calm_a at_o sea_n and_o little_a or_o no_o wind_n stir_v to_o fill_v their_o sail_n which_o be_v make_v of_o mat_n there_o be_v certain_a man_n appoint_v to_o tow_n the_o same_o at_o such_o time_n also_o and_o as_o a_o far_a help_n they_o be_v very_o dexterous_a in_o the_o use_n of_o their_o oar_n wherewith_o they_o can_v row_v without_o pull_v they_o out_o of_o the_o water_n the_o ship_n which_o carry_v the_o fish_n call_v saull_n and_o the_o silk_n to_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v so_o extraordinary_o curious_a and_o rich_a that_o no_o other_o can_v compare_v with_o they_o for_o they_o be_v gild_v within_o and_o without_o and_o paint_a red_n and_o such_o be_v their_o esteem_n that_o all_o other_o ship_n strike_v sail_n and_o give_v place_n to_o these_o whensoever_o or_o wheresoever_o they_o meet_v they_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v near_o to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o sucheu_fw-la may_v be_v see_v several_a pleasure-boat_n or_o little_a ship_n which_o the_o inhabitant_n keep_v only_o for_o their_o pleasure_n they_o be_v very_o rich_o gild_a and_o paint_a and_o may_v more_o proper_o be_v compare_v to_o house_n than_o ship_n some_o of_o the_o chineses_n be_v so_o profuse_o in_o love_n with_o they_o that_o they_o will_v spend_v their_o estate_n aboard_o these_o vessel_n in_o eat_v and_o drink_v there_o be_v a_o vast_a and_o incredible_a number_n of_o ship_n and_o boat_n that_o pass_v daily_o from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o by_o which_o mean_v there_o be_v so_o great_a accommodation_n by_o water_n that_o man_n may_v pass_v from_o the_o city_n of_o maccao_n to_o the_o city_n of_o peking_n except_o one_o day_n journey_n by_o water_n also_o man_n may_v travel_v by_o boat_n from_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n through_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o suchue_n from_o east_n to_o west_n and_o to_o say_v the_o truth_n there_o be_v hardly_o any_o considerable_a city_n but_o what_o have_v access_n to_o it_o by_o water_n for_o the_o native_n have_v with_o art_n and_o industry_n dig_v channel_n through_o most_o of_o the_o province_n and_o let_v in_o the_o river_n on_o purpose_n to_o carry_v their_o good_n and_o themselves_o by_o water_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o extraordinary_a hill_n and_o desert_n which_o they_o meet_v with_o in_o a_o passage_n or_o journey_n by_o land_n of_o all_o which_o we_o have_v already_o make_v mention_n in_o our_o general_n description_n of_o china_n in_o the_o province_n of_o fokien_n be_v such_o a_o innumerable_a company_n of_o vessel_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n proffer_v the_o emperor_n when_o he_o intend_v to_o make_v war_n upon_o those_o of_o japan_n to_o make_v he_o a_o bridge_n of_o boat_n which_o shall_v reach_v from_o thence_o to_o the_o say_a island_n of_o japan_n the_o court_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o province_n in_o each_o chief_a city_n be_v at_o least_o fifteen_o or_o twenty_o great_a house_n belong_v to_o the_o governor_n which_o be_v regard_n of_o the_o magnificence_n of_o their_o building_n may_v compare_v with_o king_n palace_n in_o other_o less_o be_v eight_o or_o nine_o great_a house_n and_o in_o every_o small_a city_n four_o which_o be_v all_o alike_o in_o fashion_n only_o they_o differ_v in_o largeness_n according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o governor_n at_o the_o front_n of_o each_o palace_n be_v three_o gate_n whereof_o the_o big_a stand_v in_o the_o middle_n adorn_v on_o both_o side_n with_o great_a marble_n lion_n next_o to_o this_o plano_n or_o court-yard_n pail_v in_o paint_v with_o gum_n which_o they_o call_v cie_n in_o this_o plano_n stand_v two_o small_a tower_n or_o pyramid_n curious_o adorn_v and_o furnish_v with_o several_a musical_a instrument_n upon_o which_o certain_a person_n play_v as_o often_o as_o the_o governor_n go_v out_o or_o come_v in_o within_o the_o gate_n be_v a_o large_a hall_n and_o general_o every_o great_a palace_n have_v four_o or_o five_o where_o the_o governor_n give_v audience_n to_o any_o that_o come_v about_o business_n to_o he_o on_o the_o side_n of_o this_o hall_n be_v several_a small_a apartment_n inhabit_v by_o inferior_a officer_n here_o be_v also_o two_o particular_a room_n for_o the_o reception_n of_o person_n of_o quality_n that_o come_v to_o visit_v the_o governor_n when_o you_o be_v pass_v these_o two_o room_n you_o come_v to_o three_o gate_n more_o which_o be_v seldom_o open_v but_o when_o the_o governor_n sit_v upon_o the_o bench_n of_o judicature_n the_o middlemost_a of_o these_o gate_n be_v very_o large_a through_o which_o person_n of_o quality_n be_v only_o suffer_v to_o go_v other_o people_n pass_v through_o the_o gate_n on_o each_o side_n then_o you_o come_v to_o another_o large_a plano_n at_o the_o end_n whereof_o be_v a_o great_a court_n build_v upon_o pillar_n call_v tangle_n and_o here_o the_o governor_n administer_v justice_n on_o both_o side_n thereof_o the_o courtier_n and_o inferior_a officer_n have_v their_o dwelling_n who_o never_o remove_v with_o the_o governor_n but_o live_v there_o continual_o in_o regard_n they_o be_v maintain_v at_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o country_n next_o to_o this_o be_v a_o inward_a court_n but_o far_o exceed_v the_o former_a and_o be_v call_v sutang_n which_o signify_v private_a and_o in_o this_o court_n only_o may_v the_o near_a relation_n converse_v with_o the_o governor_n to_o these_o place_n appertain_v also_o several_a garden_n orchard_n pond_n rivers_n warrens_n and_o the_o like_a as_o well_o for_o pleasure_n and_o ornament_n as_o profit_n and_o here_o observe_v that_o the_o emperor_n furnish_v the_o governor_n not_o only_o with_o these_o palace_n but_o likewise_o with_o all_o manner_n of_o householdstuff_n provision_n and_o servant_n at_o his_o own_o charge_n and_o when_o a_o governor_n which_o be_v yet_o more_o remarkable_a happen_v to_o depart_v to_o the_o rule_n of_o another_o province_n or_o else_o to_o lay_v down_o his_o employment_n which_o fall_v out_o common_o every_o half_a year_n it_o be_v allowable_a for_o he_o to_o take_v all_o the_o household_n good_n with_o he_o and_o then_o the_o court_n be_v to_o be_v furnish_v anew_o for_o the_o succeed_a governor_n in_o cingtu_fw-la the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o the_o province_n suchue_n famous_a for_o trade_n there_o live_v former_o a_o
clear_a and_o the_o other_o muddy_a although_o any_o person_n take_v of_o the_o water_n and_o mingle_v they_o yet_o nevertheless_o they_o immediate_o part_v and_o divide_v each_o receive_v present_o their_o former_a colour_n near_o to_o jungp_v be_v a_o spring_n who_o water_n be_v so_o hot_a that_o it_o will_v boil_v a_o egg._n near_o to_o the_o city_n hiqoy_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v caotung_v upon_o which_o be_v several_a warm_a bath_n and_o hot_a spring_n near_o to_o jungcheng_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v gailo_n upon_o which_o be_v a_o very_a deep_a well_o which_o serve_v the_o inhabitant_n by_o observation_n of_o its_o rise_n or_o fall_v for_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o fruitful_a or_o barren_a year_n there_o be_v several_a other_o spring_n and_o water_n in_o many_o other_o place_n of_o china_n which_o be_v very_o remarkable_a for_o their_o quality_n and_o have_v great_a esteem_n among_o they_o because_o they_o have_v have_v sufficient_a experience_n of_o their_o virtue_n wherewith_o we_o shall_v no_o long_o detain_v the_o reader_n but_o proceed_v to_o what_o follow_v chap._n xiii_o of_o hill_n and_o mountain_n very_a curious_a and_o indeed_o nice_a even_o to_o superstition_n be_v the_o chineses_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o hill_n for_o they_o say_v and_o believe_v all_o their_o fortune_n depend_v upon_o it_o be_v place_n inhabit_v as_o they_o imagine_v by_o dragon_n unto_o who_o they_o attribute_v the_o cause_n of_o all_o their_o good_a fortune_n and_o for_o this_o cause_n when_o any_o of_o they_o intend_v to_o erect_v a_o tomb_n which_o be_v general_o do_v among_o the_o mountain_n by_o rich_a people_n they_o diligent_o examine_v the_o shape_n and_o nature_n of_o the_o hill_n for_o its_o situation_n and_o be_v very_o solicitous_a to_o discover_v a_o happy_a piece_n of_o earth_n and_o such_o they_o esteem_v so_o which_o have_v the_o resemblance_n of_o the_o head_n tail_n or_o heart_n of_o a_o dragon_n which_o once_o find_v they_o imagine_v that_o according_a to_o wish_v all_o thing_n shall_v go_v well_o with_o their_o posterity_n and_o this_o fancy_n be_v so_o general_o prevalent_a with_o they_o that_o there_o be_v many_o who_o profess_v the_o art_n of_o tell_v fortune_n by_o the_o form_n of_o hill_n in_o the_o description_n of_o hill_n and_o mountain_n i_o shall_v not_o only_o mention_v their_o largeness_n height_n etc._n etc._n but_o likewise_o their_o nature_n shape_n form_n and_o the_o beast_n that_o live_v upon_o they_o the_o mountain_n lungcve_v near_o to_o kungyang_n be_v about_o two_o mile_n and_o half_a big_a sume_v near_o to_o xaohing_n fill_v a_o place_n of_o seven_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a lofeu_n near_o to_o polo_n be_v in_o its_o circumference_n eighteen_o miles_n and_o a_o half_a tiengo_n near_o to_o pinkiang_n be_v thirty_o one_o mile_n in_o extent_n so_o also_o be_v the_o mountain_n quanghia_n near_o to_o nank_v the_o heng_n near_o to_o hoenyven_v be_v fifty_o mile_n large_a the_o then_o begin_v at_o jotyen_n and_o teach_v sixty_o three_o mile_n in_o length_n at_o kinhoa_n near_o to_o thou_o lie_v the_o mountain_n kime_v which_o be_v the_o large_a in_o extent_n of_o all_o the_o mountain_n of_o china_n the_o ximus_n near_o to_o taigan_n be_v three_o mile_n and_o a_o half_a high_a it_o be_v say_v that_o upon_o the_o top_n thereof_o at_o the_o first_o crow_v of_o the_o cock_n the_o sun_n may_v be_v see_v to_o rise_v the_o tientai_n be_v five_o mile_n high_a the_o vempi_n in_o the_o province_n of_o queicheu_o reach_v with_o its_o top_n above_o the_o cloud_n at_o sintien_n lie_v the_o mountain_n pie_n which_o be_v the_o high_a of_o all_o hill_n and_o reach_v far_o above_o the_o cloud_n near_o to_o the_o city_n xefan_n lie_v the_o mountain_n tafung_a which_o seem_v to_o touch_v the_o very_a sky_n near_o to_o cangki_n be_v a_o very_a high_a mountain_n call_v juntai_n which_o they_o entitle_v the_o throne_n of_o heaven_n the_o hocang_n be_v so_o high_a that_o it_o ascend_v ten_o thousand_o foot_n above_o the_o earth_n and_o never_o any_o rain_n or_o snow_n be_v see_v to_o fall_v upon_o it_o the_o kime_v near_o to_o the_o city_n yn_n require_v nine_o day_n travel_v to_o the_o top_n of_o it_o in_o quangsi_n near_o the_o city_n jeyang_n lie_v the_o mountain_n paofung_a who_o top_n reach_v to_o the_o very_a cloud_n and_o yet_o have_v a_o stone_n house_n build_v upon_o it_o there_o be_v very_o many_o other_o wonderful_a hill_n and_o mountain_n in_o the_o province_n of_o china_n which_o we_o shall_v omit_v to_o mention_v for_o brevity_n sake_n and_o shall_v proceed_v to_o speak_v of_o their_o shape_v and_o nature_n the_o hill_n of_o umuen_n show_v as_o if_o they_o hang_v in_o the_o air._n in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n be_v a_o hill_n which_o bear_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o elephant_n the_o mountain_n utung_n resemble_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o man_n stand_v upright_o with_o his_o head_n bow_v downward_o near_o to_o paoki_n be_v a_o hill_n call_v chincang_v who_o concave_a part_n be_v such_o that_o before_o stormy_a wether_n or_o thunder_n it_o will_v roar_v in_o so_o fearful_a a_o manner_n that_o the_o noise_n may_v be_v hear_v two_o mile_n near_o to_o sinyang_n be_v a_o very_a high_a and_o pleasant_a hill_n who_o top_n against_o rain_n be_v always_o cover_v with_o a_o cloud_n near_o to_o pingchai_n lie_v the_o mountain_n pequi_n of_o which_o it_o have_v be_v observe_v that_o the_o melt_a of_o the_o winter_n snow_n upon_o its_o top_n be_v a_o sign_n of_o a_o plentiful_a year_n but_o if_o it_o continue_v all_o summer_n unmelted_a it_o be_v a_o bad_a sign_n upon_o the_o mountain_n kesin_n near_o to_o the_o garrison-city_n it_o be_v extraordinary_a cold_a near_o to_o nank_v be_v a_o great_a hill_n name_v quanglin_n which_o in_o the_o fair_a wether_n be_v always_o so_o very_o much_o cover_v with_o cloud_n that_o it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v see_v at_o any_o little_a distance_n near_o to_o xaicheu_fw-la lie_v the_o mountain_n lingfung_a upon_o which_o if_o any_o rain_n do_v fall_v in_o the_o daytime_n a_o great_a flame_n of_o fire_n appear_v in_o the_o night_n but_o in_o dry_a wether_n there_o be_v see_v no_o such_o appearance_n the_o mountain_n hoo_n be_v call_v the_o fiery_a mountain_n because_o in_o the_o nighttime_n certain_a light_n appear_v upon_o the_o same_o as_o so_o many_o burn_a candle_n country_n people_n speak_v they_o to_o be_v a_o sort_n of_o glow-worm_n which_o creep_v out_o of_o the_o river_n by_o night_n and_o shine_v after_o this_o manner_n near_o to_o munghoa_n lie_v the_o mount_n tienul_v call_v the_o ear_n of_o heaven_n famous_a for_o a_o notable_a echo_n the_o mountain_n quan_fw-mi be_v store_v with_o brave_a hawk_n and_o kite_n which_o the_o great_a one_o use_v for_o their_o recreation_n the_o chinese_n historian_n relate_v that_o near_o to_o sinfung_a lie_v a_o very_a great_a hill_n upon_o which_o such_o wild_a beast_n and_o man_n live_v who_o like_v be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o any_o other_o place_n upon_o the_o top_n of_o the_o hill_n fungcao_n as_o be_v say_v the_o incomparable_a and_o seldom_o see_v phoenix_n have_v her_o nest_n under_o which_o be_v find_v a_o extraordinary_a precious_a stone_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la upon_o the_o mountain_n holan_n be_v a_o great_a race_n of_o wild_a horse_n and_o upon_o that_o of_o liniao_n breed_v several_a wild_a ox_n tiger_n and_o other_o creature_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n cutien_n a_o incredible_a thing_n to_o be_v tell_v be_v tiger_n who_o have_v leave_v off_o their_o fierceness_n the_o nature_n of_o the_o soil_n be_v of_o that_o quality_n that_o if_o any_o be_v bring_v thither_o wild_a from_o other_o place_n they_o become_v tame_a in_o a_o short_a time_n the_o same_o thing_n happen_v to_o snake_n near_o to_o cinyven_v in_o the_o province_n of_o junnan_n be_v the_o mountain_n nilo_n where_o be_v great_a abundance_n of_o tiger_n and_o leopard_n in_o the_o province_n of_o suchue_n near_o to_o cungkiang_n upon_o a_o mountain_n call_v toyung_a be_v monkey_n which_o very_o much_o resemble_v a_o man._n near_o to_o the_o city_n changcheu_o lie_v the_o hill_n cio_o upon_o which_o be_v say_v to_o lie_v a_o stone_n of_o five_o rod_n high_a end_v eighteen_o inch_n thick_a which_o of_o its_o self_n roll_v and_o move_v up_o and_o down_o against_o foul_a wether_n near_o to_o lioyang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n yoinea_fw-mi which_o signify_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o rich_a woman_n be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o statue_n of_o a_o very_a beautiful_a woman_n not_o make_v by_o art_n but_o grow_v there_o natural_o near_o to_o the_o city_n jengan_n in_o a_o certain_a hollow_a place_n of_o the_o mountain_n chingleang_v be_v to_o be_v see_v a_o whole_a herd_n of_o strange_a idol_n to_o the_o number_n of_o above_o a_o thousand_o
which_o occasion_n a_o mere_a wherein_o grow_v flower_n of_o a_o saffron_n colour_n who_o like_a be_v no_o where_o else_o to_o be_v see_v in_o all_o those_o country_n several_a of_o these_o flower_n grow_v upon_o one_o root_n be_v something_o big_a than_o the_o european_a lily_n and_o much_o handsome_a for_o fashion_n resemble_v tulip_n the_o leave_n of_o the_o stalk_n be_v large_a and_o round_o and_o drive_v upon_o the_o water_n as_o the_o leave_n of_o the_o weed_n do_v in_o europe_n which_o at_o their_o season_n they_o gather_v and_o dry_v and_o make_v they_o fit_a to_o be_v use_v by_o shopkeeper_n in_o stead_n of_o paper_n to_o put_v up_o their_o ware_n in_o there_o be_v in_o some_o place_n whole_a pool_n abound_v with_o these_o flower_n which_o to_o say_v truth_n grow_v not_o there_o natural_o but_o have_v be_v sow_v by_o one_o or_o other_o for_o that_o they_o be_v in_o great_a request_n among_o they_o but_o among_o all_o other_o the_o chinese_n rose_n must_v deserve_o take_v place_n which_o change_v colour_n every_o day_n twice_o for_o one_o time_n its_o all_o purple_a and_o another_o time_n as_o white_a as_o snow_n and_o be_v the_o scent_n thereof_o pleasant_a or_o delightful_a it_o may_v with_o merit_n challenge_v the_o world_n for_o a_o peer_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o queicheu_fw-la situate_v in_o the_o province_n of_o quangsi_n take_v its_o name_n from_o the_o flower_n call_v quei_z which_o although_o it_o grow_v in_o other_o part_n yet_o no_o where_o so_o plentiful_o as_o in_o this_o province_n and_o chief_o under_o the_o command_n of_o this_o city_n it_o grow_v upon_o a_o very_a high_a tree_n which_o have_v leaves_n proportion_v like_o they_o of_o a_o laurel_n or_o cinamon-tree_n but_o the_o flower_n be_v very_o small_a yellow_a of_o colour_n and_o have_v a_o fine_a smell_n after_o they_o be_v once_o in_o flower_n they_o continue_v a_o long_a time_n blow_v without_o wither_v or_o shed_v or_o fall_v from_o the_o tree_n and_o after_o they_o have_v do_v blow_v the_o tree_n shoot_v out_o again_o within_o a_o month_n and_o have_v fresh_a flower_n who_o colour_n be_v so_o fragrant_a that_o they_o perfume_v all_o those_o part_n where_o they_o grow_v the_o tartar_n infuse_v these_o flower_n in_o the_o juice_n of_o lemon_n wherewith_o they_o colour_v the_o hair_n of_o their_o horse_n but_o the_o chineses_n make_v delicate_a confect_v of_o they_o which_o be_v delicious_a to_o the_o taste_n and_o pleasant_a to_o the_o smell_n near_o to_o kinhoa_n in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n be_v a_o certain_a flower_n by_o the_o portuguese_a in_o india_n call_v mogorin_n it_o grow_v upon_o a_o very_a small_a tree_n be_v milkwhite_a and_o not_o unlike_a to_o the_o jessamy_a flower_n only_o it_o have_v more_o leave_n and_o exceed_v it_o far_o for_o smell_v for_o one_o flower_n be_v enough_o to_o perfume_v a_o whole_a house_n this_o flower_n be_v in_o very_o great_a esteem_n with_o they_o so_o that_o in_o cold_a wether_n they_o diligent_o house_n the_o pot_n in_o which_o they_o grow_v and_o last_o near_o the_o city_n pingyve_fw-mi in_o queicheu_o grow_v in_o great_a abundance_n the_o well_o scent_v jessamy_n of_o reed_n in_o the_o forego_n part_n of_o this_o chapter_n you_o have_v have_v some_o example_n of_o the_o variety_n of_o herb_n plant_n flower_n etc._n etc._n produce_v in_o several_a part_n of_o china_n i_o shall_v now_o say_v something_o of_o the_o different_a sort_n of_o reed_n grow_v there_o and_o first_o in_o xanhung_a near_o tengcheu_o grow_v a_o reed_n that_o be_v natural_o foursquare_a in_o huquang_n near_o the_o mountain_n grow_v a_o sort_n of_o reed_n which_o will_v last_v only_o three_o year_n but_o like_o a_o careful_a sire_n before_o it_o die_v it_o shoot_v out_o afresh_o at_o the_o root_n thus_o every_o three_o year_n renew_v by_o death_n and_o rise_v again_o in_o the_o province_n of_o nank_v near_a hoaigan_n be_v a_o great_a mere_n wherein_o grow_v very_o large_a and_o high_a reed_n great_o esteem_v by_o the_o inhabitant_n in_o quanhung_a near_o the_o city_n lochang_n upon_o the_o mountain_n change_v grow_v a_o black_a reed_n whereof_o the_o chineses_n make_v pipe_n and_o several_a other_o thing_n of_o as_o pure_a a_o black_a and_o shine_a colour_n as_o if_o they_o be_v make_v of_o ebony_n in_o the_o same_o province_n upon_o the_o mountain_n lofen_n grow_v a_o reed_n that_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o length_n and_o thickness_n the_o stalk_n be_v at_o least_o four_o foot_n thick_a in_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n near_o the_o city_n of_o chucheu_fw-la run_v a_o rivulet_n in_o which_o grow_v several_a sort_n of_o reed_n or_o cane_n as_o hard_o as_o iron_n and_o oftentimes_o three_o handful_n thick_a and_o although_o they_o be_v hollow_a yet_o be_v they_o of_o strength_n sufficient_a to_o bear_v a_o great_a burden_n without_o break_v the_o big_a grow_v three_o or_o four_o rod_n high_a some_o have_v green_a stalk_n other_o coal-black_a they_o make_v a_o very_a pleasant_a show_n not_o only_o because_o of_o the_o flourish_a verdure_n of_o the_o leave_n for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o the_o year_n but_o also_o because_o of_o the_o several_a colour_n produce_v by_o the_o various_a sort_n that_o grow_v altogether_o of_o these_o notwithstanding_o their_o hardness_n beforementioned_a such_o as_o be_v skilful_a artist_n and_o know_v how_o to_o split_v the_o same_o into_o very_o thin_a piece_n make_v mattress_n basket_n cane_n etc._n etc._n of_o the_o thin_a and_o small_a sort_n they_o make_v pike_n and_o lance_n which_o have_v sharp_a iron_n at_o the_o end_n they_o put_v they_o likewise_o to_o several_a other_o use_n especial_o for_o the_o make_n of_o perspective-glass_n in_o regard_n they_o be_v light_n straight_o thick_a and_o firm_a the_o water_n that_o run_v from_o this_o reed_n when_o it_o be_v lay_v green_a upon_o the_o fire_n be_v find_v be_v take_v inward_o to_o be_v very_o sovereign_a to_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o body_n all_o putrified_a blood_n occasion_v by_o blow_n fall_n or_o otherwise_o the_o young_a shoot_v of_o it_o before_o they_o have_v any_o leave_n be_v boil_v with_o flesh_n like_o turnip_n and_o pickle_v in_o vinegar_n be_v keep_v all_o the_o year_n for_o sauce_n among_o these_o various_a sort_n of_o reed_n may_v be_v comprehend_v another_o kind_n that_o grow_v upon_o some_o mountain_n in_o china_n in_o great_a abundance_n and_o be_v call_v by_o the_o indian_n rotang_n but_o in_o europe_n rot_v or_o japan_n cane_n and_o though_o these_o cane_n be_v use_v in_o europe_n to_o walk_v with_o yet_o the_o young_a branch_n thereof_o be_v full_a of_o juice_n be_v eat_v raw_a by_o the_o chinese_n when_o these_o cane_n be_v dry_v and_o strike_v one_o against_o another_o there_o will_v fly_v spark_n of_o fire_n from_o they_o as_o from_o a_o flint_n and_o as_o such_o they_o be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o some_o place_n of_o the_o indies_n this_o sort_n of_o reed_n be_v very_o tough_a and_o be_v green_a be_v make_v use_n of_o in_o stead_n of_o cord_n to_o tie_v or_o bind_v any_o thing_n withal_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o java_n japan_n and_o other_o islander_n make_v therewith_o cable_n for_o anchor_n which_o will_v last_v long_o in_o salt_n water_n than_o rope_n make_v of_o hemp_n and_o when_o any_o merchant_n ship_n trading_n thither_o from_o europe_n need_v any_o they_o make_v use_v of_o these_o they_o be_v strong_a enough_o to_o hold_v the_o weighty_a anchor_n the_o fruit_n of_o this_o rot_v or_o cane_n be_v eatable_a and_o pleasant_a to_o the_o palate_n in_o form_n somewhat_o round_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o ball_n have_v a_o shell_n like_o a_o chestnut_n hard_a but_o brittle_a upon_o every_o joint_n from_o the_o bottom_n to_o the_o top_n sprout_n out_o a_o small_a branch_n in_o stead_n of_o leave_n upon_o which_o hang_v the_o fruit_n in_o cluster_n within_o the_o body_n of_o this_o fruit_n be_v a_o white_a kernel_n from_o which_o they_o extract_v a_o oil_n not_o only_o good_a to_o eat_v but_o very_o sovereign_a in_o the_o cure_n of_o wound_n if_o dress_v therewith_o so_o that_o the_o indian_a slave_n if_o they_o receive_v hurt_v at_o any_o time_n from_o these_o rotting_n or_o cane_n wherewith_o they_o be_v wont_n to_o be_v correct_v they_o forthwith_o make_v use_n of_o this_o oil_n beside_o these_o beforementioned_a there_o be_v find_v as_o well_o in_o china_n as_o divers_a other_o part_n of_o the_o indies_n two_o other_o different_a sort_n which_o be_v by_o the_o indian_n call_v bamboes_n the_o small_a of_o these_o be_v very_o full_a of_o pith_n but_o the_o other_o do_v so_o far_o exceed_v all_o the_o rest_n for_o bigness_n that_o i_o do_v not_o wonder_v in_o the_o least_o if_o some_o writer_n both_o ancient_a and_o modern_a have_v sometime_o call_v it_o a_o tree_n this_o kind_n call_v
conclude_v to_o form_v themselves_o into_o a_o distinct_a commonwealth_n and_o to_o send_v some_o of_o their_o people_n as_o colony_n to_o inhabit_v other_o part_n thus_o at_o last_o they_o divide_v the_o whole_a district_n of_o ninche_n into_o seven_o principality_n or_o government_n who_o for_o a_o while_n agree_v among_o themselves_o without_o any_o grand_a disturbance_n or_o pretence_n of_o warring_n with_o each_o other_o but_o at_o length_n upon_o some_o occasion_n quarrel_n arise_v which_o break_v forth_o into_o a_o long_a war_n wherein_o the_o victor_n assume_v to_o themselves_o absolute_a principality_n turn_v their_o commonwealth_n in_o the_o year_n 1600_o after_o christ_n birth_n into_o a_o monarchy_n and_o call_v it_o the_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n this_o ninche_n which_o be_v proper_o east-tartary_n and_o as_o yet_o very_o little_o know_v to_o those_o of_o europe_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n and_o north-east_n with_o another_o tartar_a kingdom_n call_v niulhan_n towards_o the_o east_n lie_v the_o kingdom_n of_o yupi_n likewise_o under_o the_o tartar_n yoke_n and_o surround_v with_o the_o sea_n between_o japan_n and_o east-tartary_n on_o the_o south_n it_o border_n upon_o the_o island_n corea_n and_o by_o the_o great_a wall_n it_o be_v divide_v from_o the_o province_n of_o laotung_n but_o more_o towards_o the_o west_n separate_v by_o the_o great_a river_n linhoang_v flow_v between_o this_o kingdom_n of_o ninche_n and_o kilangho_n the_o antiquiety_n of_o this_o people_n appear_v in_o the_o mention_n make_v of_o they_o in_o the_o race_n of_o hana_n which_o begin_v in_o the_o year_n 206_o before_o christ_n birth_n they_o be_v know_v to_o the_o chinese_n and_o neighbour_n by_o the_o name_n of_o kin_n which_o signify_v gold_n and_o common_o be_v call_v the_o lord_n and_o master_n of_o the_o golden_a mountain_n it_o be_v a_o common_a opinion_n that_o china_n be_v full_a of_o gold-mine_n which_o we_o will_v not_o dispute_v but_o dare_v know_o affirm_v that_o it_o have_v river_n upon_o the_o side_n whereof_o great_a store_n of_o gold_n be_v take_v up_o daily_o it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o tartar_n of_o several_a part_n have_v at_o divers_a time_n war_v on_o china_n but_o the_o people_n of_o ninche_n above_o all_o have_v always_o be_v their_o great_a enemy_n have_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o race_n of_o sunga_n give_v so_o great_a overthrow_v to_o their_o force_n and_o make_v such_o depredation_n upon_o their_o land_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o fly_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n into_o the_o southern_a the_o ninchians_n have_v subdue_v and_o bring_v under_o their_o subjection_n the_o province_n of_o laotung_n peking_n xensi_fw-la xensi_fw-la and_o xantung_v and_o without_o all_o doubt_n at_o that_o time_n will_v have_v conquer_v the_o whole_a empire_n if_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o samarcand_n who_o envy_v their_o great_a success_n after_o the_o conquest_n of_o a_o great_a part_n of_o asia_n have_v not_o through_o the_o western_a and_o southern_a province_n fall_v into_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n and_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o their_o victory_n by_o their_o irresistible_a army_n which_o be_v the_o occasion_n of_o a_o cruel_a and_o bloody_a war_n between_o they_o these_o tartar_n of_o samarcand_n drive_v those_o of_o ninche_n not_o only_o out_o of_o china_n but_o pursue_v they_o into_o east-tartary_n their_o own_o country_n whereof_o they_o take_v a_o considerable_a part_n from_o they_o and_o since_o that_o time_n the_o samarcandians_n who_o possess_v the_o northern_a province_n out_o of_o which_o they_o have_v beat_v the_o nincheans_n have_v make_v many_o and_o sharp_a war_n against_o the_o emperor_n of_o the_o southern_a china_n and_o at_o last_o subdue_v the_o whole_a and_o erect_v a_o new_a race_n call_v ivena_n as_o be_v before_o say_v which_o continue_v till_o it_o be_v bring_v under_o by_o the_o same_o hunguvus_n the_o chineses_n out_o of_o a_o natural_a enmity_n to_o the_o tartar_n say_v in_o derision_n of_o they_o that_o they_o live_v in_o holes_n and_o cave_n under_o ground_n which_o be_v not_o so_o for_o they_o keep_v in_o very_o strong_a and_o well-wrought_a tent_n which_o they_o use_v in_o stead_n of_o house_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n make_v of_o silk_n or_o stuff_n and_o so_o curious_o paint_v that_o they_o shine_v in_o the_o sun_n like_o looking-glass_n and_o keep_v out_o the_o rain_n so_o that_o none_o drop_v through_o of_o these_o person_n of_o quality_n have_v several_a which_o yet_o be_v so_o contrive_v that_o they_o seem_v but_o one_o in_o some_o part_n of_o which_o the_o wife_n and_o child_n remain_v in_o other_o the_o servant_n and_o some_o be_v for_o necessary_a use_n as_o kitchen_n and_o the_o like_a they_o relate_v that_o during_o the_o reign_n of_o the_o race_n of_o ivena_n there_o be_v a_o hundred_o and_o twenty_o four_o city_n in_o this_o east-tartary_n but_o whether_o there_o be_v so_o many_o now_o i_o can_v affirm_v in_o regard_n the_o tartar_n themselves_o in_o china_n be_v not_o able_a to_o inform_v i_o all_o their_o town_n and_o place_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n movable_n which_o the_o latin_n call_v horda_fw-mi with_o which_o and_o the_o cattle_n and_o family_n they_o remove_v from_o place_n to_o place_n change_v according_a to_o the_o season_n of_o the_o year_n and_o pitch_v where_o the_o best_a accommodation_n be_v to_o be_v have_v the_o clothes_n of_o the_o poor_a sort_n be_v make_v of_o skin_n but_o the_o rich_a go_v clad_v in_o silk_n and_o cotton_n though_o there_o grow_v neither_o in_o the_o province_n of_o ninche_n but_o such_o among_o they_o as_o trade_n come_v and_o buy_v it_o of_o the_o chinese_n or_o exchange_v other_o commodity_n for_o it_o as_o skin_n of_o wolf_n fox_n beaver_n otter_n sable_n and_o the_o like_a the_o man_n wear_v long_a coat_n down_o to_o their_o heel_n with_o narrow_a sleeve_n and_o about_o their_o middle_n be_v a_o broad_a girdle_n with_o a_o cloth_n fasten_v to_o it_o wherewith_o they_o wipe_v their_o face_n at_o their_o side_n hang_v a_o knife_n and_o two_o little_a puâ—ses_n wherein_o they_o put_v tobacco_n which_o be_v take_v by_o they_o with_o great_a delight_n insomuch_o that_o the_o noble_a visitant_n be_v treat_v with_o the_o same_o it_o be_v bring_v they_o light_v by_o a_o servant_n of_o the_o house_n on_o the_o left_a side_n they_o wear_v a_o hanger_n or_o zable_n with_o the_o edge_n turn_v forward_o and_o the_o hilt_n behind_o insomuch_o that_o when_o they_o be_v on_o horseback_n they_o can_v draw_v their_o zable_n with_o great_a dexterity_n by_o lay_v the_o right_a hand_n behind_o over_o their_o back_n upon_o the_o hilt_n without_o hold_v fast_o or_o so_o much_o as_o touch_v the_o scabbard_n in_o the_o summertime_n for_o coolness_n they_o wear_v hat_n of_o straw_n but_o in_o winter_n cap_n which_o come_v down_o over_o their_o ear_n with_o a_o edge_n of_o fur_n about_o it_o the_o soldier_n wear_v common_o iron_n helmet_n upon_o their_o head_n differ_v very_o little_a in_o fashion_n from_o such_o as_o be_v use_v in_o europe_n only_o they_o have_v no_o fence_n for_o the_o face_n in_o stead_n of_o feather_n they_o wear_v either_o a_o horse_n main_a or_o tail_n die_v red_a their_o other_o defensive_a arm_n be_v iron_n breast-piece_n not_o make_v of_o one_o piece_n but_o of_o several_a plate_n fasten_v together_o with_o nail_n so_o that_o they_o make_v a_o hideous_a noise_n when_o they_o be_v upon_o their_o march_n but_o especial_o the_o horse_n their_o offensive_a arm_n be_v a_o bow_n arrow_n and_o hanger_n for_o gun_n or_o musket_n be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o they_o the_o horseman_n be_v general_o clad_v in_o black_a to_o make_v they_o look_v terrible_a have_v boot_n on_o make_v of_o horse-leather_n with_o thick_a sole_n but_o no_o spur_n there_o be_v among_o they_o very_o few_o foot-soldier_n for_o be_v general_o good_a horseman_n they_o turn_v all_o their_o force_n into_o cavalry_n who_o 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relief_n can_v possible_o be_v give_v they_o but_o the_o governor_n after_o the_o first_o attempt_n although_o provide_v with_o all_o manner_n of_o necessary_n to_o withstand_v a_o siege_n yet_o in_o regard_n the_o harvest_n of_o corn_n prove_v very_o bad_a that_o year_n find_v upon_o survey_n that_o it_o be_v impossible_a to_o lengthen_v out_o the_o same_o by_o the_o best_a husbandry_n to_o serve_v for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o such_o a_o number_n of_o people_n for_o six_o month_n yet_o still_o though_o their_o magazine_n fall_v short_a they_o hold_v out_o and_o suffer_v very_o great_a hunger_n in_o hope_n that_o the_o emperor_n will_v come_v or_o send_v to_o their_o relief_n and_o at_o last_o such_o be_v their_o want_n that_o a_o pound_n of_o rice_n be_v sell_v for_o a_o pound_n of_o silver_n a_o pound_n of_o old_a rot_a leather_n for_o twenty_o shilling_n nay_o they_o feed_v upon_o dead_a man_n flesh_n as_o free_o as_o upon_o any_o thing_n else_o thus_o do_v these_o loyal_a 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he_o give_v out_o in_o speech_n and_o so_o make_v his_o soldier_n believe_v that_o it_o be_v conclude_v in_o heaven_n that_o he_o shall_v ascend_v the_o throne_n and_o deliver_v the_o oppress_a subject_n out_o of_o the_o covetous_a hand_n of_o the_o present_a emperor_n to_o inflict_v punishment_n on_o the_o corrupt_a governor_n of_o province_n who_o have_v overburdened_a the_o people_n with_o intolerable_a tax_n and_o last_o to_o govern_v the_o empire_n in_o peace_n and_o quietness_n to_o all_o this_o the_o renegado_n chineses_n who_o have_v side_v with_o licungzus_n give_v easy_a credit_n be_v very_o forward_o not_o only_o to_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o emperor_n as_o his_o ambition_n have_v assume_v it_o but_o do_v very_o believe_v he_o be_v send_v from_o heaven_n to_o govern._n and_o to_o add_v the_o great_a honour_n and_o lustre_n to_o his_o name_n and_o win_v their_o favour_n he_o govern_v they_o with_o great_a moderation_n and_o mildness_n so_o to_o make_v his_o action_n 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but_o beside_o the_o trouble_n occasion_v by_o the_o two_o grand_a robber_n there_o arise_v in_o the_o court_n another_o dispute_n and_o discontent_n as_o mischievous_a as_o the_o other_o and_o which_o be_v indeed_o the_o great_a occasion_n of_o the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o the_o great_a division_n among_o the_o governor_n themselves_o occasion_v by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o hatred_n they_o bear_v to_o one_o guei_n of_o the_o king_n bedchamber_n for_o the_o great_a authority_n commit_v to_o he_o and_o affection_n show_v he_o by_o the_o emperor_n who_o have_v not_o only_o entrust_v the_o whole_a government_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o prefer_v he_o to_o the_o best_a office_n and_o charge_n within_o his_o dominion_n but_o likewise_o treat_v with_o respect_n as_o if_o he_o have_v be_v his_o father_n but_o this_o favourite_n not_o know_v how_o to_o keep_v himself_o within_o the_o limit_n of_o moderation_n begin_v so_o to_o swell_v with_o pride_n that_o he_o cause_v several_a 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gate_n be_v by_o these_o traitor_n set_v open_a the_o besieger_n sudden_o enter_v and_o although_o discover_v by_o such_o as_o be_v faithful_a to_o the_o emperor_n yet_o they_o also_o perceive_v that_o the_o city_n be_v full_a of_o confusion_n and_o that_o the_o matter_n be_v quite_o past_a hope_n every_o one_o shift_v for_o himself_o and_o leave_v all_o to_o the_o mercy_n of_o the_o robber_n have_v finish_v this_o letter_n as_o a_o man_n distract_v he_o kill_v his_o daughter_n in_o his_o chamber_n be_v a_o young_a virgin_n of_o seventeen_o or_o eighteen_o year_n of_o age_n that_o she_o shall_v not_o be_v misuse_v and_o ill_o treat_v by_o the_o rogue_n and_o then_o with_o a_o settle_a resolution_n not_o to_o survive_v this_o dismal_a misfortune_n go_v into_o the_o garden_n with_o one_o of_o his_o garter_n he_o hang_v himself_o upon_o a_o plum-tree_n and_o this_o be_v the_o miserable_a catastrophe_n of_o the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n who_o be_v very_o unfortunate_a during_o his_o reign_n in_o all_o his_o undertake_n and_o be_v reckon_v for_o the_o last_o emperor_n of_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n for_o although_o afterward_o some_o other_o of_o that_o line_n be_v choose_v yet_o they_o be_v not_o reckon_v by_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o among_o the_o emperor_n of_o that_o race_n in_o regard_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o zungchinius_n they_o never_o possess_v the_o whole_a but_o only_o some_o part_n of_o the_o ancient_a empire_n thus_o be_v that_o race_n who_o first_o founder_n be_v the_o robber_n chu_n destroy_v and_o bring_v to_o nothing_o by_o another_o robber_n licungzus_n who_o have_v the_o fortune_n even_o beyond_o his_o hope_n though_o not_o his_o ambition_n to_o subdue_v the_o big_a empire_n in_o that_o part_n of_o the_o world_n the_o emperor_n death_n beget_v so_o great_a a_o grief_n and_o commiseration_n in_o the_o chief_a governor_n of_o the_o city_n that_o not_o think_v himself_o worthy_a to_o survive_v his_o unhappy_a lord_n he_o go_v and_o hang_v himself_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o place_n the_o empress_n follow_v the_o same_o example_n and_o also_o all_o such_o as_o be_v faithful_a to_o they_o rather_o than_o they_o will_v fall_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o it_o be_v count_v a_o piece_n of_o honour_n and_o faithfulness_n with_o the_o subject_n of_o that_o country_n to_o die_v with_o their_o sovereign_n licungzus_n be_v now_o master_n of_o peking_n present_o seat_n himself_o in_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o the_o next_o day_n cause_v the_o dead_a body_n of_o the_o emperor_n to_o be_v hack_v in_o piece_n and_o the_o plunder_n of_o the_o city_n to_o his_o soldier_n the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n have_v three_o son_n whereof_o the_o elder_a see_v his_o father_n death_n and_o the_o city_n in_o possession_n of_o the_o robber_n never_o appear_v more_o though_o great_a search_n be_v make_v for_o he_o to_o have_v have_v he_o either_o alive_a or_o dead_a of_o his_o loss_n there_o be_v divers_a opinion_n some_o think_v he_o be_v kill_v in_o the_o crowd_n unknown_a other_o that_o he_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n among_o those_o that_o escape_v to_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o live_v a_o long_a while_n after_o beside_o this_o be_v two_o other_o young_a son_n who_o be_v bring_v alive_a to_o the_o tyrant_n but_o he_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v behead_v present_o and_o to_o show_v his_o tyrannical_a cruelty_n and_o that_o the_o barbarism_n of_o his_o nature_n be_v not_o at_o all_o alter_v by_o his_o be_v get_v into_o the_o throne_n he_o summon_v the_o chief_a person_n of_o the_o empire_n to_o a_o meeting_n under_o colour_n of_o treat_v with_o they_o about_o business_n of_o great_a consequence_n whether_o be_v no_o soon_o come_v but_o a_o company_n of_o the_o base_a fellow_n be_v turn_v in_o upon_o they_o who_o savage_a fury_n so_o unbound_o rage_v that_o it_o spare_v none_o but_o such_o as_o have_v money_n enough_o to_o buy_v off_o their_o life_n but_o here_o end_v not_o his_o tyranny_n as_o by_o the_o follow_a tragedy_n will_v appear_v among_o several_a other_o governor_n and_o commander_n who_o he_o have_v take_v prisoner_n there_o be_v a_o very_a ancient_a man_n name_v we_o who_o have_v a_o son_n call_v usanguejus_n that_o have_v the_o command_n of_o the_o chinese_n army_n which_o lie_v upon_o the_o frontier_n of_o leaotung_v against_o the_o tartar_n of_o who_o the_o usurper_n stand_v in_o fear_n as_o perceive_v that_o he_o be_v able_a to_o do_v he_o very_o great_a prejudice_n with_o his_o force_n threaten_v this_o old_a man_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n in_o a_o most_o cruel_a manner_n if_o he_o do_v not_o forthwith_o command_v and_o enjoin_v his_o son_n to_o come_v and_o submit_v to_o he_o promise_v he_o to_o reward_v such_o his_o civility_n with_o great_a present_n and_o preferment_n the_o decrepit_a old_a man_n we_o in_o hope_n to_o get_v his_o liberty_n and_o overcome_v with_o these_o great_a promise_n write_v a_o letter_n to_o his_o son_n the_o substance_n whereof_o be_v to_o this_o purpose_n that_o the_o various_a change_n and_o vicissitude_n which_o happen_v in_o this_o world_n be_v either_o preordain_v by_o the_o heaven_n occasion_v by_o the_o earth_n or_o impulse_v by_o destiny_n this_o i_o write_v to_o you_o my_o son_n to_o give_v you_o notice_n that_o the_o emperor_n zungchinius_n and_o the_o government_n of_o the_o race_n of_o taiminga_n be_v total_o destroy_v and_o that_o since_o the_o heaven_n which_o order_n and_o manage_v all_o thing_n by_o a_o just_a rule_n have_v give_v the_o dominion_n to_o licungzus_n it_o be_v requisite_a that_o we_o comply_v with_o the_o time_n and_o make_v a_o virtue_n of_o necessity_n especial_o if_o we_o will_v escape_v all_o disaster_n prevent_v a_o cruel_a death_n and_o enjoy_v his_o favour_n he_o promise_v to_o ennoble_v you_o with_o a_o royal_a dignity_n and_o to_o confer_v on_o you_o all_o manner_n of_o honour_n and_o friendship_n if_o you_o will_v take_v part_n with_o he_o and_o 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than_o betray_v my_o trust_n and_o falsify_v my_o oath_n no_o soon_o have_v usanguejus_n send_v this_o letter_n to_o his_o father_n but_o he_o dispatch_v a_o ambassador_n to_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi to_o desire_v assistance_n against_o the_o usurper_n and_o tyrant_n licungzus_n who_o have_v so_o unjust_o intrude_v upon_o the_o throne_n by_o 〈◊〉_d and_o murder_n and_o to_o incite_v the_o tartar_n the_o more_o speedy_o to_o the_o march_n he_o promise_v they_o great_a store_n of_o fine_a linen_n silk_n gold_n silver_n and_o a_o great_a number_n of_o very_o handsome_a young_a woman_n wherein_o the_o tartar_n take_v great_a delight_n because_o they_o be_v very_o scarce_o among_o they_o their_o country_n abound_v more_o with_o man_n than_o woman_n the_o cham_n who_o have_v long_o be_v wait_v for_o such_o a_o opportunity_n ready_o accept_v of_o his_o offer_n promise_v to_o assist_v he_o with_o a_o considerable_a army_n which_o then_o lay_v ready_a in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n and_o in_o truth_n he_o be_v as_o good_a as_o his_o promise_n for_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o he_o begin_v his_o march_n with_o a_o army_n of_o eighty_o thousand_o man_n to_o join_v with_o usanguejus_n to_o who_o at_o meeting_n he_o thus_o speak_v that_o we_o may_v not_o be_v baffle_v in_o our_o undertake_n i_o judge_v it_o necessary_a and_o advise_v you_o earnest_o to_o put_v all_o your_o soldier_n into_o tartar_n habit_n to_o wear_v cap_n and_o short_a hair_n that_o so_o the_o tyrant_n by_o this_o stratagem_n may_v be_v deceive_v for_o that_o he_o will_v take_v they_o all_o for_o tartar_n usanguejus_n who_o heart_n boil_v with_o revenge_n agree_v to_o all_o that_o the_o tartar_n desire_v of_o he_o not_o consider_v that_o he_o bring_v in_o tiger_n according_a to_o the_o say_v of_o the_o chinese_n to_o hunt_v out_o dog_n
have_v take_v fresh_a courage_n there_o happen_v a_o very_a great_a and_o sudden_a alteration_n in_o the_o tartar_a affair_n for_o one_o vangus_n a_o priest_n who_o have_v former_o be_v a_o commander_n in_o the_o army_n set_v the_o whole_a country_n in_o a_o uproar_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o great_a number_n of_o man_n and_o model_v they_o into_o a_o army_n he_o go_v and_o take_v the_o city_n of_o kien_v with_o several_a other_o place_n and_o put_v all_o the_o tartar_n therein_o to_o the_o sword_n which_o good_a success_n immediate_o cause_v such_o chineses_n as_o have_v former_o flee_v into_o the_o mountain_n for_o safety_n to_o come_v down_o and_o join_v with_o he_o to_o help_v to_o recover_v their_o country_n at_o the_o same_o time_n one_o changus_n by_o name_n and_o a_o tartar_n bear_v be_v viceroy_n of_o two_o province_n have_v the_o command_n likewise_o of_o the_o province_n of_o chekiang_n who_o hear_v of_o the_o insurrection_n in_o fokien_n march_v immediate_o thither_o with_o his_o army_n and_o find_v no_o opposition_n at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o he_o suppose_v the_o chineses_n will_v have_v block_v up_o his_o passage_n which_o a_o few_o force_n will_v easy_o have_v do_v he_o cry_v out_o with_o a_o loud_a voice_n the_o day_n be_v my_o 〈◊〉_d and_o the_o rebel_n be_v flee_v so_o march_v over_o the_o mountain_n without_o any_o opposition_n he_o lay_v siege_n immediate_o to_o the_o city_n of_o kienning_n into_o which_o the_o priest_n vangus_n be_v retreat_v with_o most_o of_o his_o army_n the_o city_n endure_v a_o long_a siege_n for_o several_a month_n and_o be_v of_o such_o strength_n that_o it_o can_v not_o be_v take_v by_o storm_n which_o have_v be_v often_o attempt_v by_o the_o besieger_n to_o their_o great_a damage_n and_o loss_n of_o man_n wherefore_o at_o last_o they_o resolve_v to_o get_v it_o by_o famine_n rather_o than_o lose_v any_o more_o man_n by_o storm_v whereby_o he_o have_v already_o very_o much_o weaken_v his_o army_n but_o that_o be_v recruit_v with_o fresh_a man_n from_o peking_n and_o have_v make_v a_o considerable_a breach_n in_o the_o wall_n by_o their_o ordnance_n they_o resolve_v to_o storm_n it_o once_o more_o and_o the_o success_n answer_v their_o desire_n for_o the_o commander_n within_o the_o place_n be_v divide_v among_o themselves_o there_o be_v not_o such_o care_n take_v as_o aught_o to_o have_v be_v for_o the_o resist_n of_o the_o assault_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o besieger_n get_v in_o at_o the_o breach_n immediate_o cut_v out_o their_o way_n and_o put_v all_o to_o the_o sword_n neither_o man_n woman_n nor_o child_n except_v so_o that_o dirum_fw-la dictu_fw-la there_o be_v kill_v in_o and_o before_o this_o city_n above_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o people_n and_o the_o city_n itself_o afterward_o total_o destroy_v and_o not_o one_o stone_n leave_v stand_v upon_o another_o after_o the_o dreadful_a destruction_n of_o this_o city_n the_o whole_a province_n of_o fokien_n submit_v to_o their_o power_n and_o for_o the_o future_a none_o but_o tartar_n be_v make_v commander_n over_o the_o militia_n and_o governor_n of_o city_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o this_o great_a and_o prudent_a foresight_n which_o be_v use_v the_o tartar_n be_v not_o able_a to_o keep_v all_o quiet_a for_o it_o happen_v that_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n name_v kinus_n revolt_a and_o make_v new_a work_n for_o their_o arm_n the_o occasion_n whereof_o be_v say_v to_o be_v upon_o some_o difference_n which_o happen_v between_o kinus_n and_o the_o other_o who_o supervise_v the_o civil_a affair_n of_o the_o same_o province_n the_o manner_n thus_o they_o be_v invite_v to_o a_o entertainment_n where_o a_o play_n be_v act_v during_o the_o meal_n as_o the_o custom_n be_v in_o china_n and_o the_o player_n dress_v in_o chinese_n habit_n and_o not_o after_o the_o fashion_n of_o the_o tartar_n kinus_n who_o be_v bear_v in_o the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n where_o they_o very_o much_o resemble_v the_o tartar_n in_o their_o custom_n and_o manner_n and_o therefore_o put_v a_o very_a great_a confidence_n in_o the_o inhabitant_n mind_v the_o same_o say_v to_o the_o other_o governor_n do_v not_o this_o habit_n show_v much_o better_a than_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n the_o other_o answer_v nothing_o at_o present_a yet_o think_v himself_o oblige_v in_o duty_n to_o acquaint_v the_o emperor_n by_o letter_n with_o this_o say_v for_o he_o fancy_v that_o by_o these_o word_n kinus_n be_v design_v some_o novelty_n in_o his_o head_n to_o the_o disturbance_n of_o the_o public_a peace_n and_o imagine_v he_o bear_v the_o great_a affection_n to_o those_o who_o habit_n he_o chief_o commend_v kinus_n who_o want_v neither_o courage_n nor_o ingenuity_n have_v bribe_v the_o secretary_n of_o this_o governor_n by_o who_o he_o be_v inform_v from_o time_n to_o time_n of_o all_o be_v write_v to_o the_o emperor_n against_o he_o and_o be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o content_n of_o the_o aforesaid_a letter_n he_o go_v immediate_o with_o a_o company_n of_o soldier_n into_o the_o governor_n court_n and_o there_o kill_v he_o on_o a_o sudden_a before_o he_o be_v aware_a have_v do_v this_o he_o fall_v off_o from_o the_o tartar_n with_o the_o whole_a province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o declare_v for_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n junglieus_n at_o which_o the_o inhabitant_n be_v not_o a_o little_a overjoy_v only_o the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la which_o be_v command_v and_o govern_v by_o a_o very_a faithful_a tartar_n be_v not_o to_o be_v bring_v over_o to_o countenance_v the_o revolt_n which_o happen_v very_o well_o for_o the_o tartar_n for_o the_o stand_v out_o of_o this_o single_a place_n alone_o be_v of_o such_o consequence_n that_o the_o tartar_n as_o i_o shall_v relate_v hereafter_o do_v victorious_o recover_v the_o whole_a province_n of_o kiangsi_n and_o quantung_n and_o bring_v they_o once_o more_o under_o subjection_n the_o general_n of_o the_o militia_n in_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n call_v licungzus_n be_v likewise_o at_o the_o same_o time_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n and_o have_v deliver_v up_o that_o part_n of_o the_o country_n to_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n who_o also_o the_o southern_a part_n own_a for_o the_o emperor_n of_o china_n and_o for_o the_o better_a prosecution_n of_o the_o design_n against_o the_o tartar_n the_o general_n licungzus_n endeavour_v to_o join_v his_o force_n with_o those_o of_o kinus_n to_o fall_v both_o together_o at_o one_o and_o the_o same_o time_n upon_o they_o and_o drive_v they_o out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n which_o undoubted_o have_v take_v effect_n according_o have_v not_o the_o resistance_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n cancheu_o hinder_v they_o for_o the_o same_o governor_n be_v no_o soon_o inform_v that_o licungzus_n be_v likewise_o revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n and_o upon_o his_o march_n with_o his_o army_n but_o he_o send_v to_o he_o this_o deceitful_a and_o politic_a letter_n till_o now_o i_o will_v never_o submit_v to_o kinus_n because_o i_o can_v never_o believe_v that_o he_o will_v be_v able_a to_o withstand_v the_o force_n of_o the_o tartar_n but_o see_v that_o you_o most_o valiant_a prince_n also_o turn_v your_o arm_n against_o he_o i_o can_v conceive_v what_o safety_n and_o protection_n i_o can_v henceforward_o expect_v from_o he_o therefore_o i_o hold_v myself_o oblige_v to_o follow_v your_o standard_n and_o you_o shall_v no_o soon_o appear_v with_o your_o force_n before_o this_o city_n but_o i_o will_v deliver_v it_o up_o into_o your_o hand_n after_o the_o governor_n have_v dispatch_v away_o a_o express_a with_o this_o letter_n he_o send_v another_o to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o tartar_n who_o lie_v with_o his_o force_n in_o the_o next_o province_n to_o fokien_n to_o assist_v he_o with_o what_o strength_n he_o can_v well_o spare_v which_o be_v send_v and_o by_o he_o convey_v into_o the_o city_n by_o night_n so_o that_o no_o notice_n can_v be_v take_v of_o his_o design_n licungzus_n in_o the_o mean_a while_o not_o suspect_v any_o treachery_n intend_v against_o he_o bold_o but_o careless_o go_v up_o to_o the_o city_n and_o find_v the_o gate_n thereof_o stand_v open_a so_o that_o without_o delay_n he_o enter_v and_o immediate_o find_v himself_o assault_v on_o all_o side_n by_o the_o tartar_n who_o lie_v in_o ambuscade_n wait_v for_o his_o come_n and_o be_v force_v to_o retreat_v with_o great_a loss_n licungzus_n himself_o as_o be_v suppose_v be_v kill_v in_o the_o fight_n because_o he_o be_v never_o hear_v of_o afterward_o this_o defeat_n bring_v the_o affair_n of_o the_o emperor_n junglieus_n into_o great_a disorder_n and_o confusion_n yet_o nevertheless_o kinus_n win_v afterward_o several_a battle_n for_o he_o against_o the_o tartar_n and_o when_o he_o hear_v of_o the_o defeat_n of_o licungzus_n go_v himself_o and_o beleaguer_v
the_o city_n of_o cancheu_fw-la but_o he_o have_v â—ot_n continue_v the_o siege_n many_o day_n before_o there_o be_v advice_n bring_v he_o of_o a_o new_a army_n of_o tartar_n send_v from_o peking_n to_o reduce_v the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n insomuch_o that_o kinus_n fear_v to_o fall_v into_o a_o noose_n break_v up_o his_o siege_n and_o march_v towards_o the_o northern_a part_n of_o kiangsi_n to_o defend_v and_o preserve_v the_o same_o from_o be_v overcome_v by_o the_o tartar_n at_o first_o indeed_o he_o fight_v with_o good_a success_n but_o at_o last_o find_v himself_o overpower_a he_o retreat_v for_o safety_n to_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o nanchang_n which_o have_v suffer_v all_o the_o misery_n of_o a_o tedious_a siege_n be_v at_o last_o take_v but_o kinus_n escape_v alive_a out_o of_o it_o and_o get_v to_o the_o mountain_n as_o have_v be_v already_o relate_v at_o large_a this_o city_n thus_o subdue_v they_o be_v master_n of_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o put_v new_a garrison_n into_o most_o of_o the_o city_n and_o place_n of_o concern_v and_o so_o march_v back_o with_o their_o army_n in_o triumph_n to_o peking_n while_o these_o transaction_n be_v on_o foot_n very_o great_a preparation_n for_o war_n have_v be_v make_v in_o peking_n so_o that_o three_o new_a army_n be_v raise_v to_o reduce_v the_o province_n of_o quantung_n and_o other_o which_o still_o hold_v forth_o and_o take_v part_n with_o junglieus_n whereupon_o the_o guardian_n and_o uncle_n of_o the_o grand_a tartar_n cham_fw-mi call_v xunchi_n who_o now_o reign_v in_o china_n the_o better_a to_o reduce_v the_o southern_a province_n into_o subjection_n and_o rectify_v their_o disorder_n resolve_v to_o appoint_v some_o vice-roys_n over_o those_o province_n who_o be_v tartar_n by_o nation_n shall_v have_v absolute_a power_n only_o with_o obligation_n to_o pay_v tribute_n yearly_o to_o the_o emperor_n this_o counsel_n be_v immediate_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o in_o the_o year_n 1649._o when_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n be_v full_a of_o uproar_n three_o vice-roys_n be_v send_v with_o three_o army_n which_o consist_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o tartar_n from_o peking_n the_o one_o be_v make_v viceroy_n of_o fokien_n the_o other_o of_o quantung_n and_o the_o three_o of_o quangsi_n with_o express_a order_n to_o endeavour_v joint_o the_o subdue_a reduce_v and_o total_a conquer_a of_o quantung_n and_o to_o drive_v the_o emperor_n junglieus_n out_o of_o the_o whole_a empire_n hitherto_o we_o have_v only_o speak_v of_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o southern_a province_n concern_v the_o chinese_n revolt_v we_o shall_v now_o proceed_v to_o give_v a_o account_n how_o affair_n go_v in_o the_o northern_a province_n by_o which_o it_o will_v appear_v with_o how_o much_o zeal_n the_o chineses_n be_v concern_v for_o their_o liberty_n and_o the_o welfare_n of_o their_o country_n for_o the_o commander_n in_o chief_a over_o the_o northern_a province_n as_o well_o those_o that_o have_v the_o power_n over_o the_o civil_a as_o military_a affair_n plot_v together_o which_o way_n they_o shall_v drive_v out_o the_o tartar_n whereupon_o they_o raise_v as_o many_o force_n as_o they_o can_v private_o and_o choose_v one_o house_n to_o be_v their_o general_n who_o come_v to_o the_o army_n which_o he_o find_v to_o consist_v of_o about_o twenty_o five_o thousand_o man_n march_v therewith_o from_o among_o the_o mountain_n into_o the_o plain_a country_n whereupon_o many_o of_o the_o native_n perceive_v his_o strength_n come_v in_o to_o he_o and_o several_a city_n set_v open_v their_o gate_n and_o receive_v he_o and_o his_o army_n only_a xigan_n the_o first_o chief_a city_n of_o xensi_fw-la withstand_v he_o be_v in_o truth_n compel_v thereto_o have_v a_o strong_a garrison_n of_o tartar_n in_o it_o beside_o the_o governor_n thereof_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o chineses_n make_v no_o resistance_n but_o rather_o free_o submit_v to_o he_o and_o fear_v lest_o the_o citizen_n may_v carry_v on_o some_o private_a design_n against_o he_o resolve_v to_o put_v to_o death_n all_o the_o chinese_n within_o the_o city_n which_o he_o have_v undoubted_o put_v in_o execution_n have_v he_o not_o be_v dissuade_v from_o it_o by_o one_o of_o the_o vice-roys_n yet_o still_o jealous_a of_o they_o and_o willing_a to_o prevent_v any_o conspiracy_n by_o they_o he_o forbid_v upon_o pain_n of_o death_n that_o any_o more_o than_o two_o chineses_n shall_v converse_v together_o at_o a_o time_n and_o that_o none_o shall_v walk_v the_o street_n in_o the_o night_n nor_o keep_v any_o arm_n in_o their_o house_n not_o yet_o satisfy_v with_o all_o this_o care_n but_o to_o be_v thorough_o inform_v of_o the_o force_n of_o house_n he_o send_v out_o spy_n to_o bring_v he_o intelligence_n of_o the_o strength_n and_o posture_n of_o the_o enemy_n at_o last_o house_n come_v with_o his_o army_n which_o now_o increase_v with_o the_o conflux_n of_o country_n people_n that_o shelter_v themselves_o there_o amount_v at_o least_o to_o the_o number_n of_o three_o hundred_o thousand_o and_o besiege_a xigan_n which_o be_v at_o least_o three_o mile_n in_o compass_n when_o the_o tartar_n governor_n see_v from_o the_o wall_n such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o man_n he_o stand_v amaze_v as_o suppose_v they_o have_v be_v all_o soldier_n which_o cause_v he_o again_o to_o pass_v a_o second_o cruel_a resolution_n to_o make_v away_o all_o the_o chinese_n inhabitant_n within_o the_o city_n to_o prevent_v any_o correspondence_n between_o they_o and_o house_n but_o find_v that_o those_o that_o serve_v he_o and_o be_v send_v out_o to_o fight_v behave_v themselves_o valiant_o he_o forbear_v to_o execute_v such_o a_o barbarous_a resolve_v in_o the_o mean_a time_n house_n perceive_v that_o no_o attempt_n he_o can_v make_v will_v prevail_v against_o the_o city_n break_v up_o the_o siege_n which_o he_o be_v the_o rather_o induce_v to_o do_v because_o he_o have_v receive_v intelligence_n that_o a_o strong_a army_n be_v upon_o their_o march_n for_o relief_n of_o the_o same_o house_n endeavour_v to_o save_v himself_o by_o a_o timely_a flight_n but_o the_o tartar_n horse_n overtake_v the_o rear_n of_o his_o army_n and_o kill_v a_o great_a number_n of_o they_o but_o what_o become_v of_o he_o be_v never_o know_v in_o regard_n he_o never_o after_o appear_v public_o and_o indeed_o it_o be_v more_o than_o probable_a that_o he_o be_v either_o kill_v in_o the_o fight_n or_o end_v his_o day_n in_o the_o mountain_n and_o thus_o the_o chineses_n effect_v as_o little_a by_o their_o insurrection_n and_o plotting_n against_o the_o tartar_n in_o the_o northern_a province_n as_o they_o have_v do_v in_o the_o southern_a for_o there_o follow_v nothing_o upon_o it_o but_o a_o total_a destruction_n of_o their_o city_n and_o the_o ruin_n both_o of_o the_o people_n and_o country_n draw_v upon_o themselves_o and_o with_o the_o great_a severity_n execute_v in_o revenge_n of_o their_o revolt_n the_o tartar_n have_v thus_o successful_o pacify_v all_o these_o trouble_n and_o commotion_n can_v not_o yet_o be_v at_o peace_n but_o fall_v again_o into_o other_o as_o great_a danger_n and_o difficulty_n as_o the_o former_a which_o they_o bring_v upon_o themselves_o by_o their_o own_o pride_n and_o wantonness_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1649._o the_o young_a imperial_a cham_n xunchius_n have_v attain_v the_o age_n of_o twelve_o year_n be_v desire_v by_o his_o uncle_n to_o take_v to_o wife_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o king_n of_o west-tartary_n otherwise_o call_v the_o kingdom_n of_o taniju_n which_o alliance_n will_v not_o only_o strengthen_v he_o but_o also_o will_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o establish_v he_o in_o his_o throne_n to_o that_o end_n one_o of_o his_o uncle_n be_v send_v in_o embassy_n to_o the_o same_o king_n in_o which_o journey_n he_o happen_v to_o pass_v through_o taitung_n the_o three_o chief_a city_n and_o call_v the_o key_n of_o the_o province_n of_o xansi_fw-la for_o it_o be_v a_o very_a strong_a 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of_o cingis-can_a and_o the_o other_o succeed_v potent_a emperor_n they_o i_o say_v i_o find_v to_o be_v so_o call_v from_o their_o overrun_v of_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n by_o their_o historian_n the_o chinesian-mogulos_a but_o what_o he_o write_v concern_v quinsai_n a_o city_n of_o a_o wonderful_a and_o almost_o incredible_a magnitude_n be_v all_o find_v to_o be_v true_a at_o this_o day_n concern_v the_o metropolitan_a city_n hancheu_o of_o which_o father_n martinius_n the_o author_n of_o the_o excellent_a atlas_n sinicus_n thus_o discourse_v folio_n 109._o quâ—nsai_n that_o the_o european_a cosmographer_n may_v no_o long_o err_v in_o make_v enquiry_n after_o and_o ridiculous_o delineat_v of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o marcus_n paulus_n i_o shall_v here_o give_v the_o very_a exact_a portaicture_n of_o the_o same_o the_o shadow_n of_o which_o do_v not_o appear_v unto_o the_o author_n of_o the_o archontologia_fw-la cosmica_fw-la and_o if_o the_o divine_a majesty_n be_v propitious_a unto_o my_o design_n i_o shall_v peradventure_o in_o time_n send_v over_o the_o theatre_n of_o the_o city_n of_o china_n print_v by_o the_o chinese_n themselves_o not_o know_v or_o see_v as_o i_o suppose_v hitherto_o in_o europe_n but_o to_o return_v to_o the_o matter_n in_o hand_n i_o prove_v first_o by_o most_o invincible_a argument_n that_o this_o be_v the_o same_o city_n of_o quinsai_n mention_v by_o paulus_n venetus_n for_o this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o be_v distant_a the_o space_n of_o five_o day_n travel_v from_o singui_n that_o be_v sum_z chou_n which_o hold_v good_a if_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o progress_n or_o march_n of_o the_o army_n in_o which_o it_o be_v manifest_a that_o marcus_n paulus_n venetus_n be_v otherwise_o it_o be_v scarce_o four_o day_n journey_n this_o be_v that_o city_n in_o which_o in_o his_o time_n be_v the_o court_n or_o imperial_a city_n of_o china_n which_o the_o chineses_n in_o the_o elegant_a tongue_n of_o their_o learned_a man_n term_n kingsu_n but_o in_o the_o common_a speech_n of_o the_o vulgar_a sort_n of_o man_n who_o tie_v not_o up_o themselves_o unto_o that_o exactness_n of_o phrase_n kingsai_n whence_o the_o term_n of_o quinsai_n in_o venetus_n have_v its_o original_n you_o must_v here_o note_v moreover_o that_o kingsu_n be_v a_o name_n of_o dignity_n common_a unto_o regal_a city_n and_o not_o proper_a and_o singular_a unto_o one_o alone_a for_o its_o genuine_a and_o true_a signification_n be_v regal_a although_o oftentimes_o the_o same_o city_n have_v otherwise_o a_o proper_a name_n as_o this_o city_n be_v call_v hancheu_fw-la which_o under_o the_o empire_n of_o the_o family_n of_o sunga_n be_v call_v lingan_n because_o the_o ten_o emperor_n of_o this_o family_n name_v coacungus_fw-la kin_n fly_v from_o the_o tartar_n there_o fix_v his_o court_n and_o therefore_o in_o the_o time_n of_o venetus_n it_o be_v call_v kingsu_n whatever_o other_o think_v to_o the_o contrary_n this_o happen_v anno_fw-la 1135._o and_o also_o in_o the_o same_o city_n the_o family_n of_o sunga_n hold_v the_o empire_n until_o the_o western_a tartar_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o great_a have_fw-mi erect_v the_o kin_n tartar_n or_o those_o of_o the_o east_n out_o of_o cathay_n that_o be_v out_o of_o the_o northern_a province_n and_o so_o then_o they_o become_v vanquish_v and_o a_o little_a after_o they_o advance_v their_o victorious_a army_n into_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mangin_n have_v begin_v a_o seizure_n of_o those_o southern_a province_n but_o to_o come_v more_o near_o to_o the_o business_n this_o be_v that_o city_n which_o have_v such_o a_o vast_a number_n of_o high_a bridge_n both_o within_o its_o wall_n and_o without_o in_o its_o suburb_n for_o there_o be_v almost_o ten_o thousand_o as_o venetus_n reckon_v they_o if_o you_o account_v the_o triumphal_a arch_n among_o the_o bridge_n which_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o similitude_n he_o may_v esteem_v for_o such_o by_o the_o
appearance_n unto_o all_o the_o tartar_n former_o call_v it_o the_o desert_n belgian_n other_o sometime_o samo_n the_o chineses_n kalmack_n other_o caracathay_n that_o be_v black_a cathay_n where_o you_o shall_v find_v no_o other_o animal_n but_o wild_a bull_n of_o a_o mighty_a bigness_n yet_o the_o tartar_n accustom_a to_o desert_n wander_v to_o and_o fro_o pass_v over_o it_o at_o all_o time_n and_o there_o also_o pitch_n or_o fix_v their_o horde_n where_o they_o find_v a_o place_n or_o river_n commodious_a for_o the_o pasturage_n of_o their_o cattle_n their_o horde_n be_v pen_n or_o tent_n fit_a for_o the_o receive_v both_o of_o man_n and_o cattle_n from_o lassa_n or_o barantola_n place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 29_o degree_n and_o 6_o minute_n they_o come_v in_o four_o day_n space_n to_o the_o foot_n of_o the_o mountain_n langur_n now_o this_o langur_n be_v the_o high_a of_o mountain_n so_o that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o traveller_n can_v hardly_o breathe_v 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city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n which_o be_v call_v cadmendu_fw-fr and_o place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 27_o degree_n and_o 5_o minute_n where_o there_o be_v a_o potent_a king_n that_o rule_v and_o although_o a_o heathen_a yet_o not_o very_o much_o averse_a unto_o the_o christian_a religion_n from_o cadmendu_fw-fr in_o half_a a_o day_n time_n they_o come_v unto_o a_o city_n that_o the_o native_n call_v badda_n the_o regal_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o necbal_n from_o necbal_n in_o a_o journey_n of_o five_o day_n you_o meet_v with_o the_o city_n hedonda_n a_o colony_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o maranga_n be_v place_v under_o the_o altitude_n of_o the_o pole_n 26_o degree_n and_o 36_o minute_n from_o hedonda_n in_o eight_o day_n space_n they_o come_v even_o to_o mutgari_fw-la which_o be_v the_o first_o city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o mogor_n from_o mutgari_fw-la be_v a_o voyage_n of_o ten_o day_n space_n even_o unto_o battana_n which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o bengala_n towards_o ganges_n place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 25_o degree_n and_o 44_o minute_n from_o battana_n in_o eight_o day_n space_n they_o come_v to_o benares_n a_o populous_a city_n on_o ganges_n and_o place_v under_o the_o elevation_n of_o the_o pole_n 24_o degree_n and_o 50_o minute_n it_o be_v famous_a for_o a_o academy_n of_o the_o brahmin_n which_o flourish_v there_o in_o which_o all_o the_o science_n proper_a unto_o their_o religion_n or_o rather_o more_o true_o unheard-of_a superstition_n be_v teach_v from_o benares_n in_o eleven_o day_n space_n they_o come_v to_o catampor_n and_o from_o thence_o in_o seven_o day_n to_o agran_n therefore_o from_o pekin_n even_o unto_o agran_n be_v a_o continue_a voyage_n of_o two_o hundred_o and_o fourteen_o day_n but_o if_o you_o have_v respect_n to_o the_o stay_n of_o the_o caravan_n it_o be_v a_o voyage_n of_o one_o whole_a year_n and_o about_o two_o month_n and_o these_o relation_n â—_o receive_v by_o word_n 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place_v in_o a_o corner_n of_o the_o euxine_a sea_n for_o from_o this_o port_n within_o a_o few_o month_n anno_fw-la 1272._o they_o come_v to_o ancona_n which_o can_v not_o be_v perform_v from_o the_o caspian_a sea_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a space_n of_o land_n and_o region_n interjoin_v moreover_o have_v return_v unto_o ancona_n whence_o they_o depart_v the_o report_n of_o the_o death_n of_o clement_n the_o four_o be_v noise_v abroad_o and_o no_o other_o as_o yet_o place_v in_o the_o apostolical_a seat_n be_v destitute_a of_o advice_n they_o be_v not_o a_o little_a disturb_v and_o set_v forward_o unto_o venice_n to_o visit_v their_o native_a soil_n they_o hear_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n here_o nicolas_n find_v his_o wife_n who_o he_o have_v leave_v great_a with_o child_n at_o his_o departure_n to_o be_v dead_a have_v leave_v behind_o she_o marcus_n a_o son_n of_o fifteen_o year_n of_o age_n who_o afterward_o become_v the_o companion_n of_o his_o father_n into_o those_o remote_a region_n of_o asia_n which_o his_o father_n have_v before_o travel_v unto_o and_o also_o be_v the_o author_n and_o writer_n of_o this_o geographical_a history_n wherefore_o a_o new_a pope_n be_v choose_v and_o name_v gregory_n the_o ten_o rudulphus_fw-la being_n emperor_n by_o the_o unanimous_a approbation_n of_o the_o cardinal_n they_o return_v to_o ancona_n have_v deliver_v the_o letter_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n together_o with_o the_o present_n to_o the_o pope_n with_o which_o he_o be_v move_v and_o great_o rejoice_v that_o he_o have_v a_o fit_a opportunity_n offer_v he_o for_o the_o propagation_n of_o the_o gospel_n â—e_v return_v a_o literal_a missive_n unto_o the_o great_a cham_n in_o which_o all_o thing_n be_v contain_v that_o may_v seem_v necessary_a to_o instruct_v they_o better_o in_o the_o christian_a religion_n and_o render_v the_o mind_n of_o the_o great_a cham_n more_o flexible_a and_o yield_a unto_o
south_n there_o be_v innumerable_a island_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o which_o word_n he_o so_o describe_v cathay_n or_o china_n that_o he_o differ_v in_o nothing_o from_o the_o modern_a situation_n the_o custom_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o other_o thing_n proper_a unto_o china_n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o introduction_n of_o the_o christian_a faith_n into_o the_o forementioned_a kingdom_n of_o tartary_n and_o cathay_n by_o the_o now_o alleged_a voyage_n see_v that_o in_o all_o the_o forementioned_a voyage_n we_o at_o all_o time_n meet_v with_o the_o mention_n of_o the_o christian_n the_o reader_n ought_v not_o to_o doubt_v but_o that_o the_o evangelical_n doctrine_n of_o the_o christian_a law_n have_v be_v introduce_v into_o the_o utmost_a kingdom_n of_o the_o east_n from_o the_o very_a first_o time_n of_o the_o primitive_a church_n either_o by_o the_o apostle_n themselves_o or_o by_o their_o disciple_n or_o their_o successor_n in_o the_o apostolical_a function_n which_o that_o it_o may_v 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for_o what_o our_o astrologer_n perform_v by_o the_o celestial_a house_n they_o make_v out_o by_o the_o terrestrial_a hill_n but_o among_o their_o many_o inquiry_n by_o terrene_a calculation_n after_o their_o good_a and_o bad_a fortune_n there_o be_v nothing_o they_o more_o labour_n in_o than_o the_o business_n of_o their_o sepulture_n about_o which_o they_o spare_v no_o cost_n or_o pain_n not_o only_o observe_v with_o no_o small_a scrutiny_n the_o summit_n top_n and_o superficies_n but_o also_o make_v subtle_a inspection_n into_o the_o very_a bowel_n of_o the_o mountain_n to_o find_v a_o fortunate_a spot_n of_o ground_n which_o they_o fancy_v to_o resemble_v the_o head_n tail_n or_o heart_n of_o the_o dragon_n which_o do_v they_o joyful_o conclude_v they_o have_v find_v a_o place_n in_o which_o the_o person_n inter_v shall_v be_v happy_a and_o his_o posterity_n successful_a which_o opinion_n i_o believe_v to_o have_v be_v inculcate_v by_o some_o grave_a philosopher_n to_o advance_v a_o filial_a piety_n to_o the_o decease_a parent_n and_o more_o special_a care_n of_o the_o honour_n of_o funeral_n now_o the_o mountain_n of_o china_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n encompass_v with_o great_a village_n pleasant_a for_o most_o beautiful_a sepulchral_v monument_n chase_n and_o grove_n and_o a_o wave_a sea_n of_o rice_n make_v they_o like_o a_o plain_n which_o when_o groves_n and_o wood_n do_v smile_v with_o their_o summer_n attire_n render_v a_o most_o pleasant_a prospect_n the_o chapel_n place_v on_o they_o excel_v for_o magnitude_n and_o splendour_n there_o be_v also_o the_o monastery_n of_o the_o priest_n but_o yet_o in_o the_o thick_a and_o overgrow_a wood_n live_v a_o barbarous_a nation_n not_o yet_o subject_v to_o the_o chinese_n many_o thing_n be_v observe_v in_o these_o mountain_n which_o if_o true_a may_v be_v deserve_o account_v among_o the_o miracle_n of_o nature_n some_o by_o reason_n of_o their_o immense_a height_n have_v a_o perpetual_a serenity_n on_o their_o top_n other_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o continual_a dark_a mantle_n of_o ambient_fw-la thick_a mist_n there_o be_v some_o which_o triumph_v only_o with_o wholesome_a plant_n exile_v all_o venomous_a weed_n in_o the_o mountain_n queyu_n both_o small_a and_o great_a stone_n be_v find_v in_o a_o cubical_a or_o foursquare_a figure_n which_o be_v also_o in_o one_o of_o the_o mountain_n of_o calabria_n of_o which_o we_o have_v treat_v in_o our_o book_n of_o the_o subterranean_a world_n the_o mountain_n paoki_n in_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o cock_n who_o on_o the_o approach_n of_o a_o storm_n send_v forth_o such_o murmur_n and_o roar_n as_o may_v be_v hear_v at_o a_o great_a distance_n and_o olaus_n magnus_n in_o his_o history_n of_o the_o northern_a reigon_n say_v that_o such_o monstrous_a sound_v happen_v in_o the_o mountain_n of_o the_o botnick_n sea_n that_o be_v also_o worthy_a of_o admiration_n which_o the_o chinesian_a oreoscopists_n relate_v concern_v the_o mountain_n cio_o that_o on_o the_o top_n of_o it_o there_o be_v a_o stone_n five_o perch_n high_a and_o another_o also_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o fokien_n which_o as_o often_o 〈◊〉_d a_o storm_n be_v near_o totter_v and_o be_v move_v hither_o and_o thither_o as_o cypress_n 〈◊〉_d shake_v by_o the_o wind_n there_o be_v another_o mountain_n continual_o cover_v with_o frost_n the_o cause_n of_o which_o may_v be_v conjecture_v to_o be_v the_o nitrous_a spirit_n which_o the_o mountain_n together_o with_o the_o vapour_n of_o the_o watery_a receptacle_n therein_o lay_v up_o perspire_v there_o be_v a_o mountain_n in_o the_o province_n of_o kiangsi_n which_o have_v two_o top_n the_o uppermost_a of_o which_o resemble_v a_o dragon_n seem_v to_o stoop_v fierce_o at_o the_o low_a spire_n which_o appear_v like_o a_o rampant_a tiger_n from_o who_o various_a aspect_n the_o priest_n make_v many_o rule_n of_o divination_n for_o their_o disciple_n another_o mountain_n by_o its_o seven_o top_n configure_v the_o seven_o star_n in_o the_o constellation_n of_o the_o great_a bear_n but_o the_o
thing_n among_o other_o martial_a commander_n and_o governor_n of_o province_n that_o have_v the_o conduct_n of_o these_o army_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a woman_n who_o may_v very_o just_o be_v call_v the_o chinese_n amazon_n for_o she_o come_v with_o three_o thousand_o man_n out_o of_o suchue_n which_o be_v the_o furthermost_a province_n of_o china_n towards_o the_o west_n and_o show_v by_o her_o courage_n a_o manly_a heart_n and_o she_o fight_v several_a battle_n successful_o against_o the_o tartar_n have_v always_o the_o better_a of_o they_o in_o remembrance_n of_o who_o good_a service_n the_o emperor_n confer_v several_a title_n of_o honour_n upon_o she_o and_o now_o at_o last_o the_o emperor_n thienkius_n be_v come_v in_o person_n into_o his_o army_n in_o leaotung_n and_o have_v in_o manner_n aforementioned_a take_v care_n to_o have_v it_o full_o supply_v with_o all_o convenient_a necessary_n draw_v up_o the_o same_o in_o battel-aray_n and_o on_o a_o sudden_a fall_v furious_o upon_o the_o tartar_n beat_v they_o out_o of_o the_o field_n and_o recover_v the_o whole_a province_n with_o less_o difficulty_n than_o be_v suppose_v or_o expect_v in_o regard_n the_o inhabitant_n who_o have_v be_v miserable_o handle_v by_o the_o tartar_n join_v with_o their_o countryman_n the_o emperor_n force_n by_o which_o addition_n be_v come_v far_o more_o numerous_a than_o the_o enemy_n and_o have_v advantage_n of_o revenge_n they_o fall_v upon_o they_o with_o great_a rage_n and_o fury_n stir_v up_o thereto_o by_o have_v before_o their_o eye_n the_o lamentable_a condition_n into_o which_o they_o have_v bring_v their_o country_n by_o fire_n and_o sword_n and_o to_o say_v all_o in_o a_o word_n it_o be_v their_o good_a fortune_n that_o at_o this_o time_n the_o king_n of_o ninche_n be_v so_o unfortunate_a that_o the_o mutiny_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n at_o home_n hinder_v he_o from_o recruit_v his_o army_n which_o in_o divers_a great_a battle_n have_v be_v much_o waste_v and_o he_o can_v get_v no_o force_n from_o thence_o to_o reinforce_v himself_o so_o that_o at_o last_o be_v every_o where_o worsted_n by_o the_o emperor_n supply_n the_o encroach_a ninchean_a be_v fain_o to_o save_v himself_o by_o flight_n and_o to_o leave_v the_o province_n of_o leaotung_a to_o the_o conquer_a sword_n of_o its_o just_a and_o lawful_a emperor_n chap._n xix_o of_o the_o last_o chinese_n and_o tartar_n war_n wherein_o the_o tartar_n overran_a and_o conquer_v the_o whole_a empire_n of_o china_n although_o by_o the_o mean_v mention_v in_o the_o last_o chapter_n the_o chinese_n empire_n be_v a_o while_n free_v from_o the_o fury_n and_o destroy_a sword_n of_o the_o waste_a tartar_n yet_o it_o be_v not_o long_o before_o it_o fall_v into_o far_o great_a trouble_n than_o ever_o by_o those_o their_o old_a enemy_n who_o once_o more_o renew_v the_o war_n and_o never_o leave_v it_o off_o till_o they_o have_v bring_v under_o the_o whole_a empire_n the_o manner_n as_o follow_v the_o chineses_n suspect_v the_o return_n of_o the_o tartar_n after_o that_o they_o have_v quiet_v their_o domestic_a trouble_n and_o settle_v their_o affair_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n take_v care_n to_o supply_v the_o frontier_n place_n with_o strong_a garrison_n and_o raise_v more_o force_n for_o the_o security_n of_o their_o state_n which_o be_v scarce_o perform_v before_o it_o happen_v as_o they_o imagine_v for_o the_o trouble_n and_o mutiny_n be_v appease_v in_o ninche_n that_o king_n return_v with_o a_o mighty_a army_n into_o the_o west_n of_o leaotung_n have_v give_v order_n to_o seventy_o thousand_o horse_n who_o he_o send_v before_o to_o block_n up_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o leaoyang_n assure_v they_o he_o himself_o will_v follow_v with_o the_o main_a of_o his_o army_n these_o horseman_n to_o show_v their_o courage_n and_o valour_n no_o soon_o approach_v but_o they_o storm_v the_o city_n and_o in_o two_o day_n time_n become_v master_n of_o it_o before_o their_o king_n come_v up_o to_o they_o with_o his_o force_n there_o waâ—_n no_o courage_n want_v on_o either_o side_n for_o it_o be_v manful_o fight_v out_o by_o both_o till_o at_o least_o thirty_o thousand_o man_n be_v kill_v on_o the_o part_n of_o the_o chinese_n and_o no_o less_o on_o that_o of_o the_o tartar_n woe_n have_v never_o lose_v so_o many_o man_n before_o in_o any_o one_o fight_n in_o this_o quarrel_n yet_o at_o last_o they_o take_v the_o city_n not_o so_o much_o by_o their_o own_o strength_n as_o treachery_n hatch_v within_o it_o for_o they_o have_v bribe_v one_o of_o the_o commander_n with_o money_n and_o promise_n of_o preferment_n to_o set_v open_a the_o gate_n commit_v to_o his_o charge_n which_o he_o perform_v according_a to_o the_o agreement_n the_o tartar_n come_v rush_v into_o the_o city_n and_o win_v the_o same_o in_o the_o space_n of_o a_o few_o hour_n lay_v it_o level_a with_o the_o ground_n in_o a_o most_o miserable_a manner_n the_o tutang_n or_o governor_n have_v understand_v the_o treason_n take_v it_o so_o much_o to_o heart_n that_o he_o hang_v himself_o present_o that_o he_o may_v not_o live_v to_o see_v the_o ruin_n and_o desolation_n that_o be_v come_v upon_o the_o city_n and_o its_o inhabitant_n the_o emperor_n be_v chief_a councillor_n have_v undoubted_o follow_v his_o example_n and_o undergo_v the_o same_o fate_n have_v he_o not_o be_v prevent_v by_o the_o tartar_n who_o take_v he_o and_o save_v his_o life_n only_o out_o of_o design_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v serviceable_a unto_o they_o in_o discover_v the_o condition_n of_o the_o country_n but_o he_o not_o value_v his_o life_n scorn_v to_o give_v the_o title_n of_o king_n to_o the_o tartar_n and_o will_v in_o no_o wise_n be_v persuade_v to_o falsify_v the_o oath_n and_o betray_v the_o trust_v repose_v in_o he_o by_o the_o emperor_n the_o tartar_n wonder_v at_o the_o courage_n stability_n and_o constancy_n of_o this_o man_n give_v he_o afterward_o both_o his_o life_n and_o liberty_n thereby_o to_o let_v the_o world_n know_v that_o they_o understand_v how_o to_o reward_v virtue_n and_o integrity_n but_o he_o more_o cruel_a to_o himself_o than_o the_o enemy_n know_v very_o well_o what_o reward_n according_a to_o the_o chinese_n law_n will_v fall_v to_o his_o share_n deprive_v himself_o at_o last_o of_o his_o own_o life_n which_o his_o enemy_n have_v spare_v by_o follow_v the_o example_n of_o the_o forementioned_a tutang_n for_o it_o be_v a_o know_a law_n and_o custom_n in_o china_n though_o very_o unreasonable_a that_o all_o general_n and_o commander_n of_o fort_n and_o garrison_n though_o they_o behave_v themselves_o never_o so_o well_o if_o they_o come_v off_o unfortunate_o forfeit_v their_o life_n when_o they_o return_v home_o the_o tartar_n after_o the_o take_n and_o destroy_v of_o this_o city_n immediate_o issue_v out_o a_o proclamation_n that_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o no_o city_n shall_v sâ—ffer_v any_o damage_n either_o in_o life_n or_o estate_n if_o they_o will_v cut_v off_o their_o hair_n leave_v only_o a_o single_a lock_n behind_o and_o pull_v out_o all_o the_o hair_n of_o their_o beard_n except_o their_o mustachio_n and_o likewise_o go_v clothe_v after_o the_o tartar_n fashion_n although_o this_o command_n be_v strict_a yet_o it_o carry_v with_o it_o some_o show_n of_o favor_n and_o consequent_o gain_v a_o kind_n of_o love_n until_o the_o tartar_n by_o some_o barbarous_a act_n they_o commit_v afterward_o be_v very_o much_o hate_v and_o abominate_v the_o story_n go_v thus_o there_o be_v at_o that_o time_n several_a merchant_n come_v to_o the_o city_n with_o commodity_n from_o other_o part_n of_o chiâ—a_n to_o trade_n withal_o the_o tartar_n at_o their_o request_n give_v they_o free_a leave_n to_o go_v and_o come_v whereupon_o these_o innocent_a people_n not_o apprehend_v the_o dangerous_a mischief_n that_o be_v design_v against_o they_o depart_v with_o their_o riches_n and_o good_n but_o they_o be_v hardly_o get_v three_o mile_n out_o of_o the_o city_n when_o the_o tartar_n lie_v in_o wait_n for_o they_o fall_v upon_o and_o kill_v they_o every_o one_o take_z as_o free_a plunder_n all_o they_o have_v which_o they_o bring_v with_o they_o into_o the_o city_n triumphant_o as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v the_o spoil_n of_o a_o open_a enemy_n which_o barbarous_a usage_n be_v hear_v of_o occasion_v a_o great_a amazement_n among_o the_o inhabitant_n who_o know_v no_o other_o but_o that_o they_o may_v be_v serve_v every_o moment_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n but_o notwithstanding_o all_o their_o savage_a cruelty_n they_o be_v at_o present_a necessitate_a to_o make_v a_o halt_n in_o regard_n of_o the_o great_a loss_n they_o have_v sustain_v before_o this_o city_n of_o leaoyang_n nor_o dare_v they_o venture_v to_o march_v further_o up_o into_o the_o country_n or_o lay_v siege_n to_o any_o place_n of_o importance_n till_o they_o have_v
first_o recruit_v themselves_o for_o they_o find_v all_o the_o frontier_n town_n and_o place_n of_o strength_n well_o fortify_v and_o guard_v among_o all_o other_o chinese_n commander_n who_o signalise_v themselves_o in_o show_v their_o courage_n in_o their_o country_n behalf_n against_o the_o enemy_n be_v one_o maovenlung_v who_o do_v very_o great_a execution_n upon_o they_o in_o several_a encounter_n he_o be_v a_o native_a of_o the_o province_n of_o quantung_n where_o he_o have_v learn_v and_o understand_v in_o his_o conversation_n among_o the_o portuguese_a at_o macao_n several_a thing_n concern_v their_o military_a discipline_n from_o thence_o he_o have_v likewise_o bring_v with_o he_o several_a great_a gun_n which_o he_o purchase_v out_o of_o a_o netherlands_n ship_n that_o be_v cast_v away_o there_o and_o those_o he_o plant_v upon_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o ningyven_v the_o eastern_a part_n of_o leaotung_n and_o the_o chief_a city_n of_o leaoyang_n be_v thus_o lose_v in_o this_o new_a make_v chief_a city_n there_o happen_v to_o be_v at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o tutang_n or_o viceroy_n of_o leaotung_n with_o the_o whole_a chinese_n army_n the_o tartar_n have_v many_o time_n have_v trial_n to_o their_o sorrow_n and_o cost_n of_o the_o courage_n of_o this_o maovenlung_v have_v often_o be_v rout_v by_o he_o dare_v not_o adventure_v any_o further_a to_o cope_v with_o he_o in_o a_o honourable_a way_n but_o bethink_v themselves_o of_o some_o stratagem_n or_o politic_a device_n whereby_o to_o wound_v the_o integrity_n and_o virtue_n of_o this_o brave_a person_n and_o they_o suppose_v the_o best_a mean_n to_o assail_v he_o with_o will_v be_v fair_a word_n and_o high_a promise_n wherefore_o to_o put_v in_o execution_n this_o their_o design_n they_o offer_v he_o by_o a_o private_a letter_n which_o they_o cause_v cunning_o to_o be_v deliver_v to_o he_o half_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n if_o he_o will_v desert_v his_o natural_a prince_n with_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o army_n and_o help_v they_o to_o conquer_v the_o empire_n but_o maovenlung_v who_o will_v neither_o forfeit_v his_o honour_n nor_o oath_n courageous_o refuse_v these_o high_a offer_n and_o return_v for_o answer_n that_o he_o have_v rather_o lose_v his_o life_n than_o betray_v his_o prince_n and_o country_n the_o tartar_n find_v that_o this_o plot_n of_o they_o will_v take_v no_o effect_n and_o that_o the_o chineses_n have_v well_o provide_v against_o their_o come_n resolve_v to_o desist_v and_o to_o make_v no_o further_o progress_n in_o the_o present_a war_n which_o whole_o cease_v till_o the_o year_n 1625._o when_o sudden_o it_o break_v forth_o again_o they_o come_v and_o besiege_v the_o chief_a city_n of_o ningyven_v this_o great_o startle_v the_o chineses_n who_o think_v they_o have_v overcome_v the_o great_a difficulty_n and_o danger_n but_o maovenlung_n come_v time_n enough_o to_o the_o rescue_n and_o relief_n of_o this_o place_n and_o fall_v so_o furious_o upon_o the_o besieger_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o raise_v their_o siege_n with_o the_o loss_n of_o at_o least_o ten_o thousand_o man_n that_o be_v slay_v upon_o the_o spot_n among_o who_o fall_v the_o king_n be_v own_o son_n who_o death_n be_v so_o high_o resent_v by_o the_o survive_a tartar_n that_o they_o in_o a_o great_a rage_n and_o madness_n make_v over_o the_o ice_n for_o it_o be_v in_o winter_n and_o get_v into_o the_o island_n of_o theyoven_n whereof_o they_o quick_o make_v themselves_o master_v they_o put_v every_o live_a creature_n they_o find_v to_o the_o sword_n which_o be_v a_o very_a great_a number_n in_o revenge_n of_o the_o young_a prince_n which_o have_v do_v they_o immediate_o leave_v the_o province_n of_o leaotung_n and_o retreat_v into_o their_o own_o country_n not_o with_o a_o intention_n to_o be_v quiet_a but_o only_o to_o recruit_v themselves_o with_o more_o force_n and_o then_o to_o return_v again_o at_o a_o convenient_a time_n and_o hereupon_o follow_v a_o cessation_n of_o arm_n till_o the_o year_n 1627._o when_o the_o chinese_n emperor_n thienkius_n happen_v to_o die_v be_v but_o a_o young_a man_n who_o death_n prove_v to_o be_v the_o loss_n of_o all_o china_n although_o the_o tartar_n king_n of_o ninche_n call_v thienning_n who_o have_v destroy_v so_o many_o thousand_o of_o people_n by_o fire_n and_o sword_n do_v not_o long_o survive_v but_o as_o a_o attendant_n on_o his_o corpse_n die_v the_o same_o year_n thienkius_n be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n who_o be_v very_o unfortunate_a in_o all_o his_o undertake_n and_o at_o length_n through_o the_o treachery_n of_o his_o subject_n have_v both_o a_o unfortunate_a reign_n and_o death_n as_o by_o the_o remain_a part_n of_o the_o history_n will_v appear_v the_o tartar_a king_n thienning_n have_v for_o his_o successor_n in_o the_o throne_n his_o son_n thientung_v who_o quick_o change_v the_o savage_a and_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o custom_n use_v by_o his_o tyrannize_a father_n insomuch_o that_o he_o do_v not_o pursue_v the_o chineses_n so_o fierce_o but_o begin_v to_o treat_v they_o with_o more_o civility_n which_o produce_v a_o very_a great_a change_n and_o cause_v all_o his_o affair_n to_o become_v more_o acceptable_a and_o certain_o this_o prudent_a and_o politic_a prince_n have_v effect_v great_a thing_n have_v he_o not_o be_v cut_v off_o by_o a_o untimely_a death_n his_o mildness_n have_v get_v so_o great_a renown_n withal_o that_o the_o council_n who_o have_v make_v choice_n of_o he_o think_v themselves_o happy_a in_o the_o change_n and_o withal_o learn_v from_o he_o by_o example_n that_o the_o chineses_n will_v soon_o be_v reduce_v and_o bring_v under_o their_o government_n by_o clemency_n and_o civility_n than_o by_o force_n of_o arms._n in_o this_o year_n 1627._o the_o commander_n and_o officer_n of_o general_n maovenlung_v who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o quietness_n of_o the_o tartar_n have_v no_o enemy_n to_o encounter_n begin_v much_o to_o molest_v and_o be_v injurious_a to_o their_o friend_n and_o ally_n of_o coreâ—_n by_o make_v inroad_n and_o incursion_n upon_o they_o nay_o by_o degree_n they_o grow_v so_o very_o insolent_a and_o troublesome_a to_o all_o part_n adjoin_v to_o their_o quarter_n especial_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o province_n of_o hienkien_n who_o be_v so_o intolerable_o oppress_v by_o their_o rapine_n that_o out_o of_o revenge_n and_o hatred_n they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o the_o tartar_n advise_v he_o to_o re-invade_a and_o fall_v into_o china_n with_o a_o mighty_a army_n which_o he_o not_o willing_a to_o let_v slip_n so_o fair_a a_o opportunity_n immediate_o do_v so_o that_o a_o very_a great_a army_n be_v in_o the_o field_n ready_a to_o assail_v the_o chinese_n force_n before_o they_o have_v any_o thought_n of_o a_o enemy_n and_o when_o they_o least_o dream_v of_o their_o come_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n lie_v careless_o disperse_v up_o and_o down_o in_o the_o province_n be_v soon_o destroy_v maovenlung_v however_o rally_v and_o by_o the_o addition_n of_o some_o new_a levy_n and_o recruit_n be_v grow_v into_o a_o strong_a body_n he_o fight_v several_a doubtful_a battle_n with_o the_o tartar_n but_o they_o at_o last_o grow_v superior_a to_o he_o in_o strength_n and_o number_n maovenlung_v the_o chinese_n general_n be_v constrain_v to_o quit_v the_o field_n with_o the_o gross_a of_o his_o army_n yet_o neither_o the_o loss_n of_o the_o army_n nor_o greatness_n of_o the_o victory_n obtain_v by_o the_o tartar_n do_v make_v any_o great_a impression_n upon_o the_o chinese_n nor_o indeed_o be_v they_o trouble_v at_o it_o when_o they_o understand_v that_o their_o general_n have_v save_v himself_o out_o of_o the_o island_n of_o corea_n but_o the_o ninchean_a commander_n imagine_v that_o those_o of_o that_o place_n have_v be_v instrumental_a in_o help_v to_o convey_v the_o general_n maovenlung_v away_o with_o their_o army_n fall_v into_o it_o plunder_v the_o inhabitant_n and_o ruine_v the_o country_n by_o fire_n and_o sword_n this_o act_n be_v high_o disapprove_v of_o by_o the_o tartar_n king_n himself_o because_o it_o stir_v up_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n to_o arm_n against_o he_o and_o join_v his_o force_n with_o those_o of_o the_o chinese_n which_o maovenlung_v have_v be_v gather_v together_o and_o with_o they_o be_v march_v towards_o corea_n to_o revenge_v himself_o upon_o the_o tartar_n the_o tartar_n have_v thus_o inhumane_o and_o without_o reason_n turn_v their_o arm_n upon_o the_o country_n of_o corea_n be_v set_v forward_o with_o their_o army_n against_o the_o royal_a city_n thereof_o and_o be_v arrive_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o mountain_n through_o which_o the_o way_n run_v to_o the_o city_n be_v about_o seven_o mile_n from_o the_o same_o here_o the_o king_n of_o corea_n in_o the_o narrow_a way_n have_v pitch_v to_o receive_v they_o and_o the_o tartar_n be_v eager_a to_o