the Misfortunes of the Kingdom for they Leagued themselves with the lesser Tartars and put themselves into the Great Turks Protection Insomuch that we may safely say that the Invasion of the Swedes the Hostilities of the Muscovites the Irruption of the Transylvanians the Treachery of the Cossacks the Rebellion of whole Armies in Poland and Lithuania the different Factions of the Kingdom the Contests of the Neighbouring Nations gave a cruel Blow to this Crown and were the causes that moved the Great Turk to make War upon them Poland contains Ten great Divisions four to the West and upon the Vistula Poland Mazovia Cujavia and Prussia the Royal. Six toward the East and to the West of Borysthenes Lithuania Samogitia Polaquia Nigra Russia Volhinia and Podolia These Provinces have been gained for the most part either by Arms or Alliances They are divided into Palatinates the Palatinates into Castellains and the Castellains into Captainships They call the Government of places Starosties Besides these Provinces there is one part of Muscovia which was yielded to the Muscovite in the year 1634 after that Ladislaus the Fourth before he was King had the year before valiantly Relieved Smolensko and reduced to utmost Extremity an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites who were constrained to ask him Pardon to save their Lives That Treaty which they call the Treaty of Viasma gained to Poland Smolensko Novogrodeck Sevierski Czernihou and other places The Truce for thirteen years beginning February 1667 leaves the Grand Duke of Muscovy in the Possession of Smolensko as also of that part of the Vkraine to the East of Borysthenes and regain'd to the Crown of Poland Dunenbourg Polâ—czk and Witepski Ducal Prussia where stands Konigsberg or Mons Regius a fair City University and Mart generally by our Seamen called Queenborow belonging to the Elector of Brandenburgh who is absolute Sovereign of it independent from Poland The City is so much the bigger because it incloseth two others within the same circuit of Walls Pinau and Memel are two Forts upon the Sea of the greatest concernment of any in that Dominion Curland is a Dukedom for which the Duke of the House of Ketler does Homage to the Crown His Residence is at Mitaw the chief of the Province of Semigallia in Livonia near this City Zernesky the Polish General and Lubermisky the great Chancellor vanquished the Swedish Army and killed 14000 upon the place And Vindaw was the Seat of the great Master of the Teutonick Order Poland the best Peopled is Divided into Vpper and Lower In the first stands Cracovia or Crackow the chief City in all Poland where the Kings and Queens are Crowned Inhabited by a great Number of Germans Jews and Italians encompassed with two strong Walls of Stone on the East-side is the Kings Castle on the West a Chappel where the Kings are Interred Upon the Confines of Silesia stands the City of Czentochow with the Cloyster of Nostre-dame of Clermont an extraordinary strong place and which the Swedes Besieged in vain twice in the Years 1655 and 1656. Sandomiria or Sendomierz a Walled Town and Castle upon a Hill. Lublin or Lublinium is a Walled Town with a strong Castle Environed with Waters and Marishes Here are held three great Fairs at the Feasts of Pentecost St. Simon and Jude and at Candlemas and much resorted unto by Merchants The Lower Poland though lesser than the Higher is nevertheless called Great Poland because it is more a part of the Kingdom than the other The City of Guesna there Seated in the Palatinate of Kalish is very Ancient and the Seat of the first Kings so called from an Eagles Nest which was found there while it was Building and which gave Occasion to the King of Poland to bear Gules an Eagle Argent Crown'd Beak'd and Armed Or bound under the Wings with a Ribband of the same Kalick Calisia is a Walled Town upon the Prosna naming the Country The Province of Mazovia only has above thirty or forty thousand Gentlemen the most part Catholicks Warsovia Warsaw is the Capital thereof and of the whole Kingdom in regard the General Diets are kept there and because its Castle is the Kings Court. In Cujavia stands the City Wladislau where the Houses are Built of Brick and the Lake Gopla out of which came the Rats that Devoured King Popiel Posnania or Posen is a Bishops See seated amongst Hills upon the River Warsa fairly built of Stone subject to Inundations chief of the Palatinate In which is also Miedzyrzecze a strong Town upon the Borders of Schlesia impregnably seated amongst Waters and Marshes Koscien a double Walled Town amongst dirty Marshes Sivadia Sirad a Walled Town and Castle seated upon the River Warsa naming the Country sometimes a Dukedom belonging to the second Sons of the Kings of Poland Lancicia Lancitz a Walled Town with a Castle mounted on a Rock upon the River Bsura Rava built all of Wood with a Castle naming the Palatinate Plozko and Dobrzin are two Palatinates on the other side of the Nieper Prussia Royal which belongs to the King of Poland are several Cities which the Knights of the Teutonick Order Built The Lakes and the Sea-Coast afford great store of Amber Marienburgh Mariiburgum is a strong Town where Copernicus was born a Town of good Trade with a fair Wooden Bridge over the Vistula Dantzick Gedanum one of the Capital Hans-Towns drives all the Trade of Poland and has not its equal over all the Baltick Sea It is a Free Town and is Priviledged to send Deputies to the States of the Kingdom The King of Poland has some Rights there upon Entry of Goods and upon the Custom The City of Elbing contends for Priority in the States of Prussia The Generous Resolution of the Towns-men to maintain the Authoriry of their King against the Swedes without accepting the Neutrality was the Preservation of the whole Kingdom Lithuania is the greatest Province of all those which compose the Estates of the Crown of Poland It received the Christian Religion 1389 United to Poland 1569. It has the Title of a Grand Dukedom wherein there are also to this day as many great Officers as in the Kingdom of Poland The Country is so full of Marshes and Sloughs that there is no Travelling in Winter for the Ice Vilna the Capital City incloses so many sorts of Religions that there is no City in the World where God is Worshipped after so many different ways unless in Amsterdam a Liberty too much allowed in most parts of Christendom but rara temporum felicitas There are also in Lithuania eight parts or Palatinates viz Breslaw Mâ—â—sco Mscizlaw Novogrodeck Poloczk Troki Vilna and Witepsk as also the Dutchy of Smolensko Novogrodeck Czernihou with the Territories of Rohaczow and Rzeczych and Sluckz whose chief places bears the same name other chief places of Note in Lithuania you may find in the Map. Samogitia is a Country where the Inhabitants live very poorly it hath no Palatinate
Bern Lucern and Friburg Geneva first with Friburg then with Bern and Zurich As for the Prefectures of the Switzers they are such lesser Parcels and Adittaments as have arrived to their State and are Subject to their Authority either by Gift Purchase or War viz. the Town and Country of Baden Bremgarten Mellingen Rapersvila or Raperchswil The free Provinces of Wagenthal The Country of Tergow al. Tergea The Country and Town of Sargans and Walenstat The Prefectorship of Rheineck The Vallies of Locarn Lugan Mendrisi and Madia The Balliages of Belinzona Gasteren and Vlzenach Of Granson Morat and Orbe and Schwarzimburg and the Count Verdemburg All which Cantons as well as their Allies are as so many distinct Commonwealths Governed by their Magistrates and independent upon one another They have two sorts of Religion amongst them the Roman Catholick and the Protestant The Catholick Cantons are five or as some count seven the five Cantons are Vri Switz Vnderwald Lucern and Zug They that reckon seven add Friburg and Soleure But Zurich Bern Basil and Scasouse are Protestants Glans and Appenzel are Protestants and Papists mix'd together The Catholick Cantons Assemble at Lucern and the Protestant Cantons at Aran. The General Assemblies are held yearly at Baden which bears that Name from her Baths Every Canton is free to engage where it sees convenient Among all these Cantons Zurich has the Precedency Bern is the most Powerful Basil has the finest City the Residence and the Rendezvous of several learned Men. The Canton of Schasouse has a City famous for Trade and in Solothure stands a City of the same Name where the most Christian King's Embassador Resides Vren Switz Vnderwald Glaris and Appenzel have only Burroughs The Order of the 13 Cantons according to their Precedency is Zurich Bern Lucern Vren Switz Vnderwald Zug Glaris Basil Friburg Solothure Schafhausen and Appenzel Amongst the Allies of the Cantons the Grisons are the most Powerful of all Their City of Coire is the place whither the Merchandizes of Italy and Germany are brought by reason of its Situation upon the Rhine which in that place begins to grow Navigable The Chief Cities in these Cantons are Zurich the Tigurium of Caes Liv. pleasantly Situate at the end of a Lake called Zurich-Sea or Tigurinum Lacum divided almost into two equal parts by the River Ligamus which runs out of the Lake but joyned together by two Bridges The Houses built of Timber and Painted many four or five Stories high The Streets narrow but paved with Flints and Pebbles 'T is well Fortified besides the Wall with good Earth-works and Trenches It hath a University Its Citizens are Rich given to Merchandise Busy and Industrious To this belongs the Power and Authority of summoning the General Diets and having the first place in both Assemblies Near Zurich was Zuinglius Slain aged 44 years whose Heart remained whole in the midst of the Fire after his Body was consumed As also the Heart of Bishop Cranmer in England as 't is reported Below Zurich upon the Ligamus enjoying a most happy and pleasant Situation lieth the Town of Baden named thus from the hot Baths thereof beautified with fair Buildings The Seat of their General Diets much frequented and resorted to also for its publick and private Baths not so much for Health as Pleasure The chiefest Virtue is the quickning Power they have upon barren Women for here the Men and Women promiscuously wash together and which is worst in private too Basil Ang. Basil Germ. Basle Gal. Basilea Ital. Basilia Mercel The Arialbinum of Ant. teste Cluver Sanson A City large and fair The Houses built of Stone for the most part and painted compassed with a double Wall and Trench Rich and Populous The River Rhine divides it into two parts which are joyned together by a Bridg of fourteen Arches In this City are said to be 600 Fountains It gives Title to a Bishop who is not suffered to lodg in the Town one Night Spantalus an English Man was the first Bishop here 'T is an University founded by Pope Pius the 2d Here was Erasmus buried and here was held that Council where it was decreed that a General Council was above the Pope An. 1431. Near hereunto is the Village Augst where stood the City Augusta Rauracom Ptol. Rauriaca of Plin. and Basilia Civitas Basiliensium of Ant. Bern seated upon the Aar with whose Streams Island-like it is almost round encompassed on that side which is not it is strongly Fortified with Bastions and Out-works 'T is built of Stone and hath one long Street with narrow Porticoes or Cloysters on both sides The great Church is one of the handsomest Stone-Fabricks in all Switzerland Lucern is seated upon both sides of the River Russ issuing forth of the Lake Lucern and Waldstetten-See a neat City and pleasantly seated it hath four Bridges over the Russ one for Carts the other foot-Bridges one near a quarter of a Mile long The great Church stands without the City-wall and is noted for its great Organ The City is well traded and much frequented by Strangers being the ordinary Road between Italy and Gremany and the Rendezvous of their Merchandise passing that way Altrof an open Village is the Chief of the Canton of Vren The Village of Switz gave Name to the Country Stantz is the chief of the Canton of Vnderwald Glaris gives Name to that Canton Zug is a walled Town upon the left Shore of the Zugen-See Appenzel was sometimes the Seat of the Abbots of St. Gall then Lords of the Country now gives Name to the Canton Solothurn Solothurum of Ant. upon the Aar was the place of Martyrdom of Vrsus and his 66 Theban Soldiers in the Reign of the Emperor Dioclesian Friburg upon the River Sana is a handsome Town and Head of the Canton Schaf-hausen is seated upon the River Rhine where all Boats and Flotes that come down the River unload because of the Catarract or precipitious Descent of the Rhine at Wasserfal Here as at Zurich the Citizens wear Swords when they go abroad Chief Towns of the Confederate-Estates are Geneva Caes Genevra Ital. Gneff Germ. is pleasantly seated at the lower end of the Lake Lemanus now Genfferzee or the Lake of Geneva divided by the River Rhoscu into two parts which are joyned together by two Wooden Bridges strong and well fortified with Ramparts and Bastions of Earth and well governed where Vice is discountenanced yet Sports and Exercises allowed upon the Lords Day the People Industrious in Trading and Provisions plentiful Losanne Lausanna the Lausonium Ant. is a great Town and University upon Lacus Lamani Coira vel Coria Ital. Chur Incolis Caria Ant. Diac. is the Capital City of the Grisons almost environed with Mountains a Bishops See whose Inhabitants are all Protestants except the Bishop who hath nothing to do in the Government of it yet Coins Money which is currant there This Rhaetia or Country of the Grisons is divided
it the Garden of Holland as well for the cleanness of their Streets as the beauty of their Houses It is also famous for its Antiquity for its Library and the Excellent Edition of Books there Printed as also for the entire Defeat of the Spanish Army In this City was born that Taylor who to his ruin was made King of the Anabaptists in Munster Goude Gouda has this Advantage to be Situated among Springs and where the Inhabitants enjoy the purest Air in all Holland Rotterdam Roterodamum the place where Erasmus was Born is the best of the twelve Cities which they call small ones by reason of its great Trade upon the Meuse The Hague Haga Comitis St. Gravenhage la Hage which is the Residence of the States General is not a burrough-Burrough-Town but a Village the best Built and as delightful a place as most in the World. The Texel Texelia is a Port to the North. Famous for its Harbour The Brill Briela has the same Advantage towards the South in the Island of Voorn the rest of the Coast is all Sands with some small Shelter for Fisher-boats with the Islands Over-flac and Gorre There is also the rich and daily Butter and Cheese-Market Gorkum Gorichemum on the Wale a strong place and one of the Keys of Holland The fair and commodious Haven Schonhoven Schonhovia The strong and rich Goude Gouda Oudwater c. Elstein on the Yssel or Fossa Drusiana al. Itala with their Cables Cordage and other Trade The Butter and Cheese-Town Alkmear in the Marches Memorable for the defeat the Inhabitants gave Tâ— Alva meerly because he gave them no way to escape Important Enchusen or the Zuder Sea good and Rich Havens Horn and Edam Famous for Ships and Cheese and the Sea Nymph that learned to spin Zeland Zelandia is the Province which was first set at Liberty and last consented to the Peace with Spain At this day it contains the greatest part of the Prince of Oranges Possession That of Vacheren Walachria in the Map contains ten Dutch miles in compass is the fairest of all in the Low-Countries with the City of Middleburgh the Capital City of the Province and the Staple for Wines a strâ—â—â— and large Empory Flushing Flissinga the Key of the Netherlands is 〈◊〉 a good Harbour Once an English Garison and a Cautionary Town where the Renowned Sir Philip Sidney was the first Governour and died in that Service The strong Sea-Town Vere Veria having many Staples for Herring and other Commodities Famous for the most Noble and Illustrious Family of the Veres now Earls of Oxford The second Island is Schouwen Scaldia in the Map 2. containing six miles in Circuit its chief Town is Zerick-Zee noted for Madder and Salt and Brauwershaven inhabited by Fishermen here was first invented the marting of Herrings The third is Zuiit-Bevetland in the Map 3 whose only Town of note is Goes The fourth is Duueland or Duyueland named thus from the abundance of Pigeons there breeding It hath no Town of Note but is memorable for the bold passage of the Spaniards under Mondragon cross the Sea in the year 1575. and for that in the year 1520. it was overwhelmed with a deluge of waters Tolen is an Island so called from a Town of that Name divided from Brabrant by a narrow Creek or Arm of the Sea. The more ancient Inhabitants of these Islands were the Mattiaci of Tacitus They contain in all 8 Walled Towns and about 100 Villages The Country is low flat and Marshy rich in Corn and Pasturage unhealthful and subject to Inundations being kept in and defended from the Sea by Banks The Bishoprick or Lordship of Vtretcht Vtricesium Amm. was first occasioned by one Willebrod an English man the Apostle of those parts and first Bishop hereof about the year 611. during the Regency of Pepin the Fat. The Successors of this Willibrod by the Liberality of the French Kings and German Emperors attained unto as well the Temporal as the Spiritual Jurisdiction together with that of Overyssel unto Charles the Fifth by the consent of Henry Count Palatine then Bishop seized upon the whole Temporal Dominion hereof leaving only the Spiritual to the Prelates which also since by the Usurpation of the States hath likewise been taken from them It has a Capital City of the same Name Inhabitd for the most part by the Nobility of the Country first called Inferius Trajectum or Vltrajectum Vtricesium Amm. There is also the Thorow-fare Rhenen the fair and strong Amersfort the frontier-Frontier-Town Montfort Wick de Duerstede the Batavodurum of Tac. Ptol. They reckon about Vtrecht 56 Cities to the farthest whereof you may go by Water from Vtrecht in one day Guelders Gueldria Guelders was first founded by two Brothers Wickard and Luppola first made Guardians of the Country by the Inhabitants in the reign of the Emperor Charles the Bald. It was made an Earldom by the Emperor Henry the Third made a Dukedom by the Emperor Lewis of Bavaria After the decease of Charles of Egmond the last Duke by composition between him and Charles the Fifth Emperor this Province with the Earldom of Zutphen united for a long time in the House of the Dukes of Gelderland descended upon the Emperor Charles the Fifth and added by him to his other Provinces of the Netherlands under Philip the Second the greatest part shoke off the Spanish yoak and now with Zutphen Governed in manner of a Free Estate confederated with the rest of the United Provinces a third part of Golderland excepted where stands the Towns of Ruremond Guelders Venlo Watchtendonc Stralo and Grol remaining yet subject to the Arch-Dutchess or Spaniards who in the year 1627. attempted in vain to bring the Rhine to the City of Gueldria and into the Meuse to deprive the Vnited Provinces of the Trade of Germany Nimmegen Noviomagus al. Neomagus the Capital City of the Dutchy of Gueldria Founded by Magus King of the Gauls taken by Prince Maurice in the year 1592. Opposite to it is that Fort Knotsenburg large Built by the States in the Quarter of Batavia where the Ancient Batavians Inhabited Arnheim Arenacum in the Veluwe the third Capital City of Guelders and the Ordinary Residence of the Dukes thereof The Town and Country of Culemberg The strong and Martial Venlo Venloa The Natural and Artificial Fortified Ruremond Ruremunda The strong and encompassed Frontier Bommel Bommelia the Fort Voorn and Crevecour making it Impregnable The Province of Zutphen bears the same Name with the Capital City and passes sometimes for a fourth part of the Dutchy of Gelders having no Voice in the Assembly of the States-General but only conjoyned with this Dutchy In the Siege of which was slain that Honour of Chivalry and Mirrour of Learning Sir Philip Sidney In this Province also stands Groll Grolla and eight or nine small Cities more In Over-Issel Trans Issallania so called from its Situation beyond the Issel where the Rhine and that share their Streams together by means
and Sylla and in the Wars of Vespasian and Vitellius Here was the Temple of Janus open in the time of War and shut in the time of Peace which hapned but three times during all their Monarchy 1. In the time of Numa 2. After the Punick War And 3ly in the Reign of Augustus when our Saviour was born Nor must I forget the Ponte Molle a mile out of the City anciently Pons Milvius where Constantine was shewed the Cross with these words In Hoc Signo Vinces This City is seated on the Banks of the River Tyber formerly upon ten Hills though now chiefly in the Campus Martius On the top of the Vatican Hill is the proud Palace of the Popes large enough to Entertain three Soveraign Princes at once and their Attendants beautified and enriched with excellent Paintings and Curiosities with the Garden Beluedere famous for its rare Plants delightful Walks and curious Statues On this Hill is the Church of St. Peter the most splendid and famous in all Rome the most sumptuous stately and magnificent Structure in the World of that Majestick bulk and greatness that it exceeds in all dimensions the most famous Temples of the Ancients in length 520 Foot and 385 in breadth adorned with Paintings Tombs and other choice Reliques My Bounds will not permit to speak of its other Churches Hospitals Monasteries Convents of its Libraries as the Vatican the Jesuites Colledg c. The Palaces of the Cardinals are stately Structures and richly adorned to which are joyned pleasant Gardens Here are several Piazza's abundance of Antiquities and Statues which I shall not name but may not forget the Castle of St. Angelo which for its strength is esteemed impregnable unless starved and here the Pope liveth in more State than any Prince in Christendom The chief of the other Cities and Territories belonging to the Estates of the Church are Bologna alias Bononia famous for its Study of the Civil Law for the Pope's Palace or retiring-place Rich Populous and well Inhabited by Nobility and Gentry the chief University in Italy Ferrara Ferrarea with its Iron Mines beautifully built adorned with many Suburb-Edifices in the midst of it is a spacious Market-place into which do open about twenty Streets uniform and strait and Comachio The once fair Haven Ravenna in the Province of Romandiola when Caesar Augustus kept his Navy here famous for the Seat of the Emperor Honorius and Successors of the Gothish Kings of the Exarchs and of its Patriarch now the Haven is choaked up and its Land covered with Water Cervia invironed with Fens and is famous for its great quantity of Salt as Fienza is for its Earthen Ware. Vrbin Vrbinum seated at the bottom of the Apennine Hills once famous for a sumptuous Palace and a most excellent Library as also for Polydore Virgil the Author of the History of England Rimini Ariminum of old the taking of which so frighted Pompey that he left Rome Other places are Fano the Sea-Port Town to Vrbin Senigaglia the Seno-Gallia of old and Pesaro both Maritine Towns. On the Banks of Metro of old Metaurus was fought the great Battel betwixt Asdrubal the Brother of Hannibal and the two Consuls Livius and Cl. Nero where 56000 of the Carthaginians were slain 5400 taken Prisoners as Livy writeth Ancona in Marchia Anconitana or Strato Marcha del Ancona the best Haven of Italy towards the Adriatick Sea And here I must not forget Loretto or St. Maria Lauretane famous for the Church of the Virgin Mary a stately Structure richly adorned with Presents Offerings and Gifts of Princes Nobles c. whose Organs and other Musick makes an Harmonious Sound to those that go on Pilgrimage thither either for Devotion or Penance Ascoli is the Asculum near which was fought the second Battel between the Romans and Pyrrhus it was also the Seat of the War called Bellum Sociale Macerata the Seat of the Governours of this Province Firmo the Strong Perugia or Perusia is chief of the Province so called seated on the Banks of Tyher in a rich and fruitful Soil Here it was that Augustus Besieged L. Antonius and Fulvia the Wife of M. Antony and near to this City is the Lake de Perugia of old Thrasemene of about 30 miles in compass near whose Banks Hannibal slew Flaminius and 15000 of his Romans Spoleto in the Dutchy of Vmbria of great Antiquity where are yet remaining stately Aquaducts the Temple of Concord and the Ruins of a spacious Theater Here is also the high Orvieto in the Province of Orvietin seated on a high Rock In Terra Sabina are Narni Nequino and Terni In Campania Romana the chief places besides Rome are Ardea now ruined once the Seat of Turnus King of the Rutuli the Rival and Competitor to Aeneas taken by Tarq. Superbus the refuge of the Romans when the Gauls had taken Rome as is also Alba Longa once the Seat of the Sylvian Kings after the Duel between the three Brethren of the Horatii and Curatii it was ruined by Tullus Hostilius Iteranni of old And the River Allia where Brennus with his Gauls overcame the Roman Army of 40000 and marched to Rome and had agreed for 1000 pound weight of Gold to forsake the City but before the payment of the money they were vanquished by Camillus Alba the Seat of the Sylvian Kings Palestrina Praeneste of old the refuge of Marius against Sylla who killed 12000 of the Citizens when he took the Town Ostia built by Ancus Marcius seated at the mouth of Tibur but its Haven stopped up whose Bishop Consecrates the Pope Lavinia so named from Lavinia Daughter to Latinus King of the Laurentini married to Aeneas Trivoli Tibur of the Ancients Chief places in the Patrimony of St. Peter are Veii a City once of great strength wealth and compass In the assault of which 306 of the Fabii were slain in one day only one Child left at home who restored the Family and was the Ancestor of Fabius Maximus the Preserver of Italy against Hannibal After a Siege of ten years this City was taken and destroyed by Furius Camillus Civita Vecchia Maritine Town abounding with Allom. Here are kept the Popes two Gallies maintained by 30000 Duckets the yearly Tribute of 40000 Curtezans Terracina is the ancient Anxur near the Promontorium Circeium now Monte Circello famous for the dwelling of the Enchantress Circe Monte Fiascone where is the so much celebrated Wine near the Lake Volsinii now Bolsena Viterbo is a large and well-situate Town where is the Monument of Pope John 21 in the Domo Here are Sulphure-Wells and hot Springs Intermingled with the Estate of the Church lies the Dutchy of Castro with the Town of Ronciglione the Country of Citta di Castello Strato del Duca di Parma whose chief place is Castellana The Sabatia now il Ducato di Bracciano the Title of the Family of the Vrsines near the Lake so called And lastly the Republick of Marino a little Town on the top
Jewels of Spices of Silks and other costly Commodities which are brought thither by Sea and Land and from thence sent into other Parts of the World by the Port of Alexandretta or Scandaroon 3. Hamah Leuncl Hamous Bellon Aman aliis Damant in mappa Bleau is the Apamea or Apamia of the Ancients built by Seleucus and so called from the Name of his Wife seated in the midst of a great Plain encompassed with pleasant Hills abounding in Corn and Wine Its Orchards stored with Variety of Fruits and Palm-Trees Its Gardens watered with many Chanels drawn from the Orontes 4. Hams Hemz Turcis Haman Bell. Chemps Postel I. Kydo Camalu Nigro is the Emisa Euseb Emissa Ptol. Hemesa Plin. for pleasant Situation much as the same with Hamah 5. Seleucia built near the Mouth of Orontes by Seleucus esteemed the greatest City-Builder in the World viz. 9 of his own Name 16 in memory of his Father Antiochus 6 bearing the Name of his Mother Laodicea and 3 in remembrance of his Wife Apamoea besides several others either built repaired or beautified by him It had the Surname of Pieria called also Soldin Nig. Seleuche-Jolber Leone Sidonienfi 6. Zeugma seated on the Banks of the River Euphrates where Alexander the Great passed over on a Bridge of Boats. 7. Samosatha Seempsat L. Sidoniensi near the Banks of the Euphrates over which there was a Bridge for a passage into Mesopotamia here was born Lucian and Paulus Samosatenus Patriarch of Antioch who was condemned for Heresie 8. Palmira Amagara Ortel Fayd Sans seated near the Desart of Arabia famous for Zenobia who stood in opposition with Gallienus for the Empire of the East but was taken Prisoner and led in Triumph through Rome by Aurelian 9. Adada is memorable for the Victory that Aretus King of Arabia obtained against Alexander King of Jewry 10. Damascus Damasco Europaeis Sciam Minad Scham incolis Leuncl Damas Gallis once the chief City of Syria and one of the most ancient in all Asia seated near the River Chrysorrhoas Pharphar Hebraeis Adegele Bell. Farfar Ferne Gist in a Soil so fertile in Gardens Orchards and Vineyards a place so pleasant with Rivers and Fountains so surfeiting of Delights so ravishing with Pleasures that some have called it The Paradise of the World famous for the Temple of Zacharias garnished with 40 stately Porches and adorned with about 9000 Lanthorns of Gold and Silver Ruined and destroyed by the Persians Macedonians Romans Parthians Saracens Tartars by the Soldans of Egypt and by the Turks After the Battel of Issus Alexander the Great found in Damas 200600 Talents of coined Mony and 500 Talents uncoined Laudicha Laodicea Cic. Strab. Plin. Laodice Polyb. so called from Laodice the Wife of Antiochus and Mother of Seleucus surnamed Cabiosa called Lizza Lyche Minad Olivario 100 Miles from Damascus There was also another Laodicea Ptol. upon the Sea-Coast 30 Miles from Antioch West Rhamata Hebraeis Lyche incolis teste Mol. Beritus now Barutti or Berite once much frequented by Merchants and others near which is that noted Valley where as it is said St. George by killing the Dragon redeemed the King's Daughter Biblus now Gibbeleth was the Habitation of Cinivas the Father of Myrrha Mother to the fair Adonis from whom the Neighbouring River took its Name once a Bishops See now desolate I had almost forgot Alexandretta or Scanderone the Sea-port of Aleppo a confused heap of paltry Houses inhabited by the Greeks who keep Fudling Schools for the Mariners and other meaner sort of the People only the dwellings of the Vice-Consuls are very convenient But Tavernier saith They must be Men who love Money that accept of those Employments for the Air like that at Ormus is so bad in Summer especially that if it doth not kill yet they cannot avoid very dangerous Distempers And after some stay there to remove to a better Air is to endanger their Lives But Auri sacra fames Of MESOPOTAMIA THE Padan Aram of the Scripture Yrakin by the Persians Jazeirey by the Arabians Meredin by the Arminians by the Turks Diarbeck is a Peninsula between the Euphrates and Tygris on the West South and East and on the North the Mountains separate it from Turcomania the South part desart and barren the Northern part abounding with Corn and Wine A Country memorable for the Birth of Abraham and Rebecca the long Abode of Jacob and the Birth of his Children the Original of the Hebrew Nation Successively subjected to the Babylonians Assyrians Medes and Persians from them Conquer'd by the Romans Recover'd again by the Persians then sell into the power of the Sarazens and now enslaved under the Turks Orpha or Ourfa is the ancient Edesa Edessa Ptol. Plin. Edesa Strab. Erech by the Hebrews and Rages as Villanovanus tells us Orpha by Paulus Jovius Rotas by Haithonus Rhoas Rhoa Niger Orfa by P. Gyllius Rohai al. Orrhoai Arab. The Capital City of Mesopotamia where they dress the Yellow Cordovant Skins the Blue at Tocat the Red at Diabeker Carrha known to the Romans for the death of wealthy Crassus Orfa Baud. Heren Nig. Sans Dr. Leonard Ronwolf who in Anno 1575. was at Haran tells us it was then called Ophra 11 days Journy or 232 Miles from Mosul or Ninive That it was a fair City well inhabited and richly furnished with Merchandize but especially with fair Coverlets of divers Colours Tavernier and Thuenot tell us That Ourfa is built where stood the ancient Edessa memorable in the Church History for the Story of Abagarus and in Roman History for the death of the Emperor Caracalla and by the Report of the Inhabitants the place where Abraham lived So that Havan Edessa Carrha and Orfa seem to me to be all the same City The Walls of the City are of Free Stone with Battlements and Towers but Ruinous within upon the South-side there is a Castle upon a Hill with some old pitiful Guns The City is governed by a Bashaw Diarbeker or Diarbequir is also the Caramit or Caremu Carahemit Turcis teste Leuncl the Amida of Procop. Ammaea Ptol. Hemit incolis olim Constantia dicta teste Baud. Zoriga Molet seated near the Tygris a Frontier Town of great Strength the Seat of a Turkish Basha containing two or three fair Piazza's and a magnificent Mosque formerly a Christian Church 'T is well peopled containing by Report 2000 Christians â…” Armenians the rest Nestoreans and some few Jacobites Famous for its Red Marroquins surpassing in Colour all others in the last as also for excellent Wine and good Bread. Bi r or Birigeon is seated on the Euphrates upon the Brow of a Hill Plenty of Bread Wine and Fish Sharmely Tav Tcharmelick Thev is a very good Town with a fair Inn and very good Baths round about it near which is a Mountain on the top whereof is a Fortress with a Garison which the Grand Visier in the Year 1631. after his loss at Bagdat intended to have
made his Refuge but was strangled before he could accomplish his design Dadacardia Tav The Ruines whereof denote it to have been a large Town but now the Inhabitants have no other Habitation but the Hollows of Rocks Cousasar Tav Kodgiasar Thev is a Village where you pay the Customs of Diarbequir Tav rather of Merdin teste Thev Merdin Marde Herod Ptol. Merdino Onuph Mirdin Barb. Mirdanum Procopio two Leagues from Kodgiasar is a little City seated on a Mountain with good Walls and a Castle where is resident a Basha who hath under him 200 Spahi's and 400 Janizaries Karasara Tav Caradene Thev shews the Ruines of seven or eight Churches and was once a great Town one days Journy from Nesbin Nesbin is but the shadow of the ancient Nisibis of Strab. Ptol. Plut. Plin. and formerly a great Town now hardly an ordinary Village Mosul upon the West side of the River Tygris is encompassed with Walls of rough Stone plaistered over with little pointed Battlements on the Top. It hath a Castle built of Free Stone and the Walls are about three Fathom high on the Land side separated from the Town by a Ditch five or six Fathoms broad and very deep In the Castle there are six large Guns whereof one is broken and one is mounted several Field-pieces whereof two mounted The Tygris here in Summer is not broader than the River Sein in France but deep and rapid and in Winter 't is as broad again And here I cannot omit what Thevenot affirms of Sanson's Map of this Country viz. That besides the mistakes of Rivers he hath made so many Faults in the position of Places in their Distances as also in their Names that nothing of the Country is true in the Map. Diarbeck taken in general comprehends Arzerum the Assyria of old and Yerac the ancient Chaldea or Babylonia the chief Cities whereof are Babylon and Nineveh which were heretofore very famous now altogether ruined Nineveh just over against Mosul was the Residence of the King of Assyria 24 Leagues in Circuit The voluntary death of Sardanapalus and the Repentance of the Inhabitants have renowned it in Story Towards the Frontiers of Assyria inhabited a Warlike People called The Curds where many great Battels have been fought viz. That at Arbela and Gaugamela Plin. or Gangamela Strab. now near to if not the same with Schiahrazur the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Renowned for the Victory of Alexander the Great against Darius killing above 400000 Persians with the loss of 300 Macedonians There the Califfs wan the Battel of Maraga which made them Masters of all Persia And near to Chuy Selim defeated Ishmael Sephi who had always been a Victor before Babylon lay a small days Journy from Bagdat which stands upon the Tygris and is only a heap of Ruins in a place called Felougia near to which they shew the place where stood the Tower of Babel famous for the Confusion of Languages This Babylon was built by Nimrod whom some affirm to be Belus Semiramis and Nebuchadnezzar much augmented it The first of the two having encompassed it with such Walls as were accounted one of the Seven Wonders of the World and the high and fair Gardens upon the Terras were no less admir'd It was taken by Cyrus by Darius by Alexander the Great who died there and by Seleucus The power and wealth of Babylon was so great that it contributed more to the Grand Cyrus than the third part of all his Dominions Next to Babylon Seleucia called Coche and Alexandria then Seleucia from Antiochus the Son of Seleucius teste Martiano now Bagdad or Bagadat teste Sansone was the most considerable City in all Asia and then Ctesiphon Baghdat or Bagadad generally called Babylon is not only the Rendezvous of several Merchants but also of the Mahumetans of all parts of Asia who go to visit the Sepulchres of Omar and Haly and other Mahometan Saints It was a long time the Residence of the Caliphs Ulit who was one of them was Master of one of the greatest Monarchies in the World for it extended from the most Western parts of Barbary to the East-Indies Another Caliph of this City at his death left Eight Sons Eight Daughters Eight Millions of Gold Eight thousand Slaves and the addition of Eight Kingdoms to his Dominion In the Year 1638. when Amurath the Fourth re-took it from the Persians he caused three Men out of every Tent through his Army to be cast into the Moat and over them a vast number of Bavins and Wooll-Sacks that he might the more easily assault the Town Kufa or Mecha Ali is a City for which the Mahometans have a particular Veneration as being the Burying place of Haly. Bassora or Balsora is the Teredon of Strab. Plin. Ptol. a Town near the mouth of Tygris which they of the Country call Shat. It is large and pleasant by reason of its Palm-Trees The conveniency of its Port furnishes India and Persia with Dates which are Bread and Wine to those that know how to order them Some few Years since Balsora fell under the Jurisdiction of Ali-Bassa who styl'd himself King thereof who left it to his Successors who enjoy it from Father to Son paying a small Tribute to the Grand Signior who is afraid to oppress him lest he should revolt but these two last Places properly belong to Arabia Of CANAAN CANAAN by Rob. Morden THis Country was first Inhabited by Canaan the Son of Cham and called by his Name He dying left it to his 11 Sons that bore the Name of the Children of Canaan at what time it contained 52 Kingdoms and 5 Satrapes Divided afterwards into 12 Tribes that bore the Names of the Sons of Jacob and Israel being conquered by Joshua and possessed by the Israelites who for 386 years were governed by Captains and Judges after that for 418 years by Kings From Rehoboam 10 Tribes revolted who chose the fugitive Jeroboam for their King His Successors were styled Kings of Israel so that it then contained 2 Kingdoms viz. 1st of Judah whose regal Seat was Jerusalem 2d of Israel whose Seat was at Samaria After 259 Years the Israelites were led into Captivity by the King of Assyria some say beyond the Caspian Mountains from whence they never returned And the Assyrians possessed their Land and were called Samaritans The People of Judah were also afterwards carried Captive into Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar after set at liberty by Cyrus and returned back under the Conduct of Zerubbabel After this they were called Jews and the Country Jewry and for about 364 years they were governed by Aristocracy until the Maccabees who after many Conflicts with their powerful Neighbours uphold the Government 131 years during which interval the Romans under Pompey conquer'd Judea and after the Death of Antigonus the last of the Race of the Maccabees Herod is made King by Augustus and Anthony a man of admirable Virtues and execrable Vices fortunate abroad unfortunate in his Family his
very ancient Extraction and maintain themselves in Mountains and Fortresses that are inaccessible Some of their Cities that terminate in Pore seem to retain the memory of Porus as others by Scander the Name of Alexander The Dominions of the great Mogul are larger than the Persians and equal to those of the great Turk His strength lies in the Number of his Subjects the Vastness of his Wealth and the Extent of his Empire his Revenue exceeding the Persian and the Turks both put together but the Sophi surpasses him in Horse in Arms and warlike People And with the Turk he keeps a good Correspondence as being both of the same Religion Guzerat yields him yearly above 18 Millions of Gold and the Merchants of that Country are accounted the best in all India It contains 3 fair Cities Amadabat Cambaya and Surat with about 30 others very considerable Amadabat Amacastis Ptol. teste Herb. Amadavastis in Arrian one of the greatest Cities in India and of a vast Trade The Buzzar is Rich and Uniform The Castle Strong large Moated The Mausâ—leum Stately compassed at a little distance with the Dormitories of many Cambayan Potentates and two Miles off are the curious Gardens and Palace of Chawn-channa a Persian Cambaya Camane Nigro Barigaza teste Baud. Syrastene teste Stuchio was call'd the Indian Caire as well for its Greatness as also for its Traffick and the Fertility of the Soil Here they shape the fair Agats that come from the Indies into several sorts of Workmanship and in the Suburbs they make Indico The Tides are so swift to the North of the Gulph that a Horse at full Speed cannot keep pace with the first Wave The Streets were formerly lock'd up every Night but the Sea and its Trade is fallen away from it Suraâ— the Muziâ—is of Prol. Herb. Siâ—astia Sans about 40 days Journy from Agra drives as great a Trade as any of the Cities of Asia though the Access to it be very dangerous and the River Tappy or Tindy which rising out of the Decan Mountains glides through Brampore and in Meanders runs by the Walls of Surat and after 14 or 15 Miles circumgyring to and fro discharges itself into the Ocean so shallow at the Mouth that it will hardly bear a Bark of 70 or 80 Tuns so that the Ships are forc'd to unlade at Soali or Swali remarkable for the mischance of Capt. Woodcock who at the taking of Ormus had lighted upon a â—rigat laden with about a Million of Ryals which he seized and coming into this Swali Road the Whale sunk Alas the uncertainty of fading Pelf The English and Dutch have there their Presidents and Factories making it the greatest Mart in the East-Indies Baroche is of a great Trade for Cottons the English have a very fair House there not far from which place Tavernier tells us That of a dry Stick a Mountebank in less than half an hour made a Tree four or five Foot high that did bear Leaves and Flowers Broudra is a great City in a fertile Soil and of a great Trade for Calicuts At Navapour near Surat grows the best Rice in the World. The famous Port of Bombay the Milizigeris of Ptol. belongs to the King of England where is built a strong Fort and Mony is coined there The Portugals have had frequent Quarrels with the Mogul about their Fortress of Diu the Patola of Ptol. teste Nig. Pinet Patalena Hid spa Plin. Strab. Petacal Castaldo Barace of Ptol. Adriano Here after Alexander had sail'd down the Indus and arrived at this place he invaded the Country of the Oxydracans and stormed the principal place of the Mallyans where temerariously mounting the Parapet and violently leaping into the Town followed but by 2 Officers he had perished by the Darts and Weapons of his Enemies had not the Army as Men desperate in his Rescue enforced their speedy Entrance This Island is about a League long and four Musquet-shot broad the Haven is barr'd with an Iron Chain being under the command of the Cannon of the Castle It was Nobly defended in the years 1539 and 1546 against prodigious Armies so that the Mogul was forc'd to let them settle there to his extreme dissatisfaction But the last Relations from those Parts brings News that the Portugals have been at length constrain'd to abandon it Agra was of old as some tell us called Nagara before that Dionysiopolis founded by Bacchus Nissa Justino vide Hacluyt fol. 489. It contains the Capital City of the Empire able to raise 200000 fighting Men upon occasion The Prince receives a great Revenue for about 200 Stows that are therein It is twice as big as Ispahan but ill built and without Walls and has been enlarged since 1566 when Eckbar resided there and having built a stately Castle or Palace gave it the Name of Eker-Ahad Deli or Dehly was the Residence of the Mogul before Agra and so continues since Sha Jehan had built the new City and called it by his Name Jehan Abad or Gehanabat where the Mogul hath a stately Palace half a League in Circuit Gouleor is a Castle where the Mogul imprisons the Princes of the Blood which he suspects Lahor is the Metropolis of that Kingdom built upon one of the five Rivers that descend from the Mountains to swell the River Indus It is the Rendezvous of the Caravans and was the ancient Bucephalus and has been by Report 24 Leagues in Compass Naugracut shews an Idol to which many come in Pilgrimage Fettipore if the Water had been good by this time had triumphed over all the Cities in India Bannaras on the Banks of Ganges is full of mishapen Pagods Cabul the Chabura of Ptol. by some thought to be the Alexandria Arachosia which the Macedonian built near the Mount Caucasus whose City bears the same Name is large and well fortified of great Trade for Horses Sheep and other Cattel and is in the great Road from Labor to Samarcand Mando is one of the fairest Towns of the Province of Malva fortified with Walls and a Castle on the top of a Hill. Siranaker is the chief City of Cassimere Multan is of a rich Soil and great Trade for Callicoes but decayed Attok or Atek Tau is one of the best and strongest Gaâ—isons the great Mogul has and no Stranger is permitted to enter without the King's Passport Buckar stands where the Rivers Rawey and Chaul fall into the Indus Lourebander and Diul are the Ports to Tatta Janagar is the chief City of Soret Beisher of Bankish Dankalus of Kakares Hardware of Siba Jambu gives Name to its Province as also doth Sambal Bikanar is chief of Bakar and Narual that of Meuat Pitan and Patna give Name to their respective Provinces between the Kingdoms of Cambaya and Bengala are the Provinces of Candis Chitor Malucy Berar and Ranas whose chief places are Brampore Chitor Rantipore Shapor the Sora of Ptel by Baud. and Gurchitto Jesselmere is the City where Ekbar was
another Quadrangle of 400 paces at the end of which stand three stately Houses Beyond this a third and farther a fourth Court all paved with Free-stone and being 400 spaces square In this stands the Emperor's Throne and four stately Edifices curiously built and covered with costly Roofs adorned with gilded Galleries Beyond this Court are several Orchards and Gardens planted with all sorts of Trees and adorned with curious Buildings And thus flourished the Palace of Pekin rebuilt by the Tartars in Anno 1645. In or near the Place of Paoting the Emperor Hoangti anciently planted the Seat of his Kingdom and on the East-side of the City Hokien stands a great Temple in the middle of which is a stately and great Image Chinting is great and populous Jenkin and Junyping are strong places for the defence of the Empire The Garizon Tiencin lies on the Bay Xang it is a Port or Haven Town to Peking and of a great Trade and on the North-side lies the great Garison Xanghaie on the Island Cue Westward beyond the Province of Pecking lies Xansi on the North whereof lies the great Wall and behind that the Tartar Kingdom of Tangu and the Desert Xamo This Province is divided into five Counties having eighty six Cities and though not very big yet is pleasant The City Taiyven is the Metropolis which for its Antiquity of Building stately and brave Edifices is accounted amongst the best Cities of China At the City Pingiany the Emperor Jau kept his Court within the Walls and without the Gates of Fuencheu stands two stately ancient and magnificent Buildings The Province of Xensi extends to the Kingdoms of Prester John Cascar and Thebet which the Chineses in a general name call Sifan it is a large Province and is divided into eight Counties having one hundred and eighty Cities Sigan is the Metropolis of the whole seated on the River Guei in a most pleasant and delightful place of a noble Prospect and good Trade In the year 1625 a stone was found in digging a Foundation for a house inscribed with the Old Chinese and Syriack Characters which contained the Christian Religion Cungchand Fungciang Hanchung Kingyang and Linyao are the chief Cities of the Countries of the same names Socheu is a strong hold and well fortified and Xancheu or Cancheu is very strong and the residence of a Vice Roy. Xantung may justly be esteemed an Island being washed by the Sea on one side and separated by several Rivers on the other and is divided into six Countries Chinan the Metropolis of the whole Province is very large and full of stately Houses having two Lakes within its walls out of which flow several little streams through the whole City it is also adorned with several stately Temples Among the great Cities of this Province Lincing exceeds in Inhabitants Buildings and Trade but above all for its Porcelane Tower ninety cubits high curiously adorned with Imagery and painting without and within laid with Marble of divers colours smoothly polished on the Top stands an Image cast of Copper and gilt thirty foot high The Province of Honan by the Chineses thought to lie in the middle of the World because it lies in the midst of China it is divided into nine Territories or Countries having one hundred and eight Cities The chief City Caifung lies about two Leagues from the Yellow River whose Water is said to be higher than the City The other chief Cities are Qunte Changte Honan Nunyang and Juning Suchuen is a great Province and separated by the River Kiang and is divided into eight Countries containing one hundred and fifty Cities besides Garisons Cingtu is the Metropolis and lieth in an Island yet includes several Moats over which are many Bridges Paining Xunking Sincheu Chungking Quicheu Luggan are the chief Cities of the other parts of this Province The Province Huqâ—â—ng is divided also in the middle by the River Kiang The Chineses call it the land of Fish and Rice and the Store-house of China and have a Proverb that the rest of the Provinces affords them but one Meal but that of Huquang feeds them all the year long it is divided into fifteen Countries containing one hundred Cities great and small and eleven Garisons The Metropolis whereof is Vuchang on the south shore of the River Kiang Hanyang Siangyang Tegan Hâ—angcheu Kingcheu Jocheu Changxa Paoking Hancheu Chante Xincheu Iungcheu Chingyang and Chingtien are the other chief Cities and Chingcheu is the chief City of a little Territory of the same Name Kiangsi is divided into thirteen Countries contaning 67 Cities the chief whereof is Nanchang once the Metropolis of the Empire Iaocheu Quaâ—sin Kicukiang Kienchang Linkiang Kiegan Kancheu are other chief Cities In this Province near Iaocheu and no where else is that Water to be found which brings Porcelane to perfection especially when they intend it an Azure Vermillion or yellow Tincture The last Travellers into China tell us that Porcelane is made of a particular Sand or Earth which is fetched out of the County of the City Hoiecheu in the Province of Nanking nor is it necessary that the Earth should be buried a whole Age together as others idly affirm for the Chinesâ—s only knead this Sand or Earth together and make Vessels of it which they bake in Furnaces for fifteen days but the colouring of it is one of the chief Arts or Secrets which they conceal from Strangers The Province of Fâ—kien is divided into eight Counties and contains sixty Cities and Towns Focheu or Hocksieu is the Metropolis and chief of the Country it is seated about fifteen Leagues westward from the Sea on the Southern shore of the River Min which with a wide mouth falls into the Sea and brings both small and great Vessels up to the City walls it is populous and of great Trade where the Dutch also had somtime a Factory in the year 1662. The City Chiencheu lies near the Sea in a delightful Plain with a large Bay that the greatest Ships ride close under the walls Chaucheu of great Trade for all rich and foreign commodities Kienning upon the River Min is a place or great Trade for all commodities pass through it Hinhoa is neatly built adorned with many triumphant Arches and Colledges for the encouragement of Learning Xaouw and Tincheu are also considerable Foning is also fair and large lying near the Sea. The Castle Ganhui near Changeheu hath a convenient Haven for Ships And Tinyan is a Fort for the defence of the Sea-coast The Province of Chekiang exceeds all the rest in fertility of Soil delightfulness in Prospects and in plenty of Silk it is divided into eleven great Countries having eighty three Cities or Towns besides unwalled places Castles and populous Villages Hanchew is the chiefest City thought to be the ancient Quinzay Kiahing is moted about with Rivulets of Water full of stately and well built Structures all the Streets are arched under which they walk as in a Piazzo free from
Ethiopia the King reserves for himself The King and chief Nobility think it an office beneath them to lift their Hands to their Mouths to feed themselves and keep Boys to cut their Meat and put it into their Mouths which they do in great gobbets as those that cram Poultry Axuma or Ascum erroneously Chaxumo was formerly the Metropolis of Habessinia from whence they were called Axumites And then adorned with beautiful Structures a fair Palace and a Cathedral proudly vaunting her Obelisks Sculptures and sumptuous Edifices but now demolished by the Wars or defaced with Age and the City now totally ruined seated it was in the 14d 30 m North Latitude and distant from the North Sea forty five Portugal Leagues or six or seven tiresome days Journeys by reason of the Mountains Besides Axuma there are no Cities in Habessinia and but few Towns Dobarowa in Tygra is the Seat of the Vice-Roys Fremona was the first Residence of the Fathers enlarged by the Portugals Gubay a Town in Dembea where the Queen resides Nanina in Gojam was long inhabited by the Portugals The Celebrated Mountains of Amhara are their only Citidels where the Kings Children were formerly committed to custody The Kings he says always live in Tents and seldom long in a place In the year 607 the Camp pitched in Coga In 1612 it was at Duncaza and after at Guendra which Bernier called the Metropolis of Ethiopia Their Tent is of a white colour and very large standing in the midst of the Camp a large space being left round it for the conveniency of Persons to approach it Next this two Temples are plac'd and Tents for the Queen and her Attendents Next these the Nobles the Kings Friends Servants and other Courtiers pitch their Tents then all the common Soldiery with the necessary Attendents of the Camp and those that come to Negotiate When they remove as they often do and come to set down anew in a few hours space all things are seen plac'd in the same order they were before for every man knows his place and the measure of his ground the order of the Camp being always the same But Peter Pays built the King a Palace after the European manner in Gorgora by the Tzaneo Lake not much inferiour to the Country Palaces of our European Princes Murtherers are given to the nearest Relations of the Person murthered it being in their power to pardon them or take a sum of Money or to sell them as Slaves or put them to what death they please If the Murtherer be not found the Inhabitants of the Place and all the Neighbourhood are fin'd In the third Book which treats of the Ecclesiastical Affairs of the Habessines our Author tells us That some hold they have had the knowledge of God ever since the time of Solomon That they use Circumcision though not on any Religious Account in Obedience to the Law of Moses but only as a Custom of their Country being done by a Woman privately the Jews slit the Skin with their Nails till the Preputium falls down and leaves the Nut bare The Habessines only round the Skin with a Knife That they do not Circumcise Women as some idly affirm though it 's a Custom not only with the Habessines but likewise with other People of Africa as the Egyptians and Arabians to cut off from Girls something which they think to be an undecency and superfluity of Nature That they abstain from Swines Flesh Blood and suffocated things not as commanded by Moses but by Apostolick Constitution this having been always observed in the Oriental Church and in the Western Church for many Ages and having been ratified by some Councils And they condemn us for leaving the practice Nor do they allow the Jews Sabboth out of respect to Judaism but because it was the antient Custom of the Primitive Church for which they have some written Antient Constitutions Yet they prefer the Lords Day before the Jewish Sabbath for upon that Day say they our Lord Jesus Christ rose And upon that Day the holy Ghost descended upon the Apostles in the Oratory of Sion And upon that Day Christ shall come again to reward the Just and punish the Evil. He says If an Habessine marries his Brothers Wife or commits Polygamy the Civil Magistrate takes no notice of it For they are of opinion that whatsoever does not offend the Commonwealth nor the security of Private Persons ought not to be chastised with Secular Punishments Nevertheless the Church is severe in the case and will not permit Persons so married to receive the Sacrament He also tells us That Habessinia is full of Monks that their Institutions and Habits are different from the Greek and Latin. He speaks of the portentous Miracles of their Saints their Austerities and Spontaneous Torments It 's a common fame in Europe that the Conversion of the Habessines to the Christian Faith was effected by the Eunuch of Queen Candaces But our Author says this is certain that in the time of St. Athanasius Patriarch of Alexandria in the Reign of Constantine the Great about the year of Christ 330 or not long after it the Conversion of Ethiopia hapned after this manner Meropius a Tyrian Merchant going into India came to the Coast of Ethiopia in the Red-Sea dying there he left two Sons Frumentius and Aedesius who being taken and carried to the King were kindly received by him and he finding them ingenious employ'd them in keeping his Books of Account During the time of their Employ they did all good Offices to Christian Merchants that came to those Parts and shewed so fair a specimen of their Virtue and Integrity that they wrought in the Habessines a great esteem for the Christian Religion Which ground being laid Frumentius went to St. Athanasius who considering the excellency of his parts and the constancy of his Faith created him the first Bishop of Ethiopia and returning thither he baptized the Inhabitants created Deacons built Churches and so first planted the Christian Religion The Habâ—ssines received the Scripture with Christian Religion and it is translated into the Ethiopick Language from the version of the Septuagint and that according to a Copy used in the Church of Alexandria They have the New Testament translated from the authentick Greek Text. They enjoy the holy Scriptures intire and reckon as many Pooks as we do tho' they divide them after another manner They acknowledge the holy Scripture to be the sole and only Rule of what they are to believe and do They use the Nicene Creed they admit of the antient Greek Councils they acknowledge the Trinity and the sufficient Merits of Christ one Person in Christ his Divinity and Humanity they use Baptism and the holy Communion they Administer it to the Laiety and Clergy as it is the Custom of all the Eastern Churches and acknowledge the Real Presence but not Transubstantiation pray for the Dead deny a Purgatory He gives an Account of their Errors as
Masters of the Country dividing it into several Parts or Provinces viz. New Galicia Guadalaira New Biscay Mexico Mechoacan Panuco Jucatan Guatimala Honduras Nicaregua Costaricca Veragua and others they have established Parliaments at Mexico Guadalaria and Guatimala New Mexico properly so called lying round about the City of Mexico is the best and best peopled part of all America that City suffered a dreaful loss in the year 1629 all the Dams and most part of the Houses being carried away by the violence of the Streams for it is situated upon a salt Lake about twenty five or thirty Leagues in compass into which falls another Lake of fresh Water and both together are forty five or fifty Leagues circuit in which are said to be fifty thousand Ferries continually rowing about to carry Passengers having about fifty Towns on their Banks some say eighty Towns many of them count five thousand Houses some ten thousand The salt Lake Ebbeth and Floweth according to the Wind yielding no kind of Fish In Mexico are said to be four thousand Spaniards and thirty thousand Indians it is the Residence of the Vice-Roy and Arch-Bishop Before the Spaniards took possession of the Country there were several considerable places near to Mexico The Siege of Mexico lasted about three Months wherein Cortez had near 200000 Indians nine hundred Spaniards eighty Horses seventeen or eighteen Pieces of Ordnance sixteen or eighteen Vergantines and at least six thousand Canou's where were slain fifty Spaniards six Horses and about eight thousand Indians on Cortez side Of Mexicans were slain 120000 besides those that dyed with Famine and Pestilence The Vergentines wherewith Cortez besieged Mexico by Water were brought by land in pieces from Tlaxcallen to Tezcuco and 400000 Men fifty days employed in the finishing of them and making a Sluce or Trench and lanching of them into the Lake At that Siege Montezuma the Emperor was taken by Cortez out of his own Palace and made Prisoner which caused the Mexicans to rebel against Cortez and the Spaniards and fought a fierce and bloody Battel two or three days together crying out for their Emperor whereupon Cortez desired him to go to the Window to shew himself and command his Subjects to cease their fury who so doing was hit on the Head with a Stone with which blow he fell down dead to the Ground and this was the end of that great Emperor who was of the greatest Blood and the greatest King in Estate that ever was in Mexico slain by his own Subjects against their wills in the City of his greatest Glory and in the custody of a foreign and strange Nation After the death of Montezuma they made Quabutamoc their Emperor and persisting in their furious Battery against Cortez his Palace caused him and all his Spaniards to flie out of Mexico But the Spaniards having made sixteen or eighteen Vergentines at Tlaxcallen and got new Supplies they again so besieged Mexico by Water and Land that it was reduced to great necessity with Hunger and Sickness and tho' in this extream misery yet they would not yield no not when they saw the Kings Houses burned and the greatest part of their City consumed so long as they could keep one Street Tower or Temple and though the Spaniards had won the Market-place and most of the City And tho' their Houses were full with dead Bodies and all the Trees and Roots gnawn by those hungry wretches that survived yet would they not accept of peace but desired death so that when the Spaniards thought there had not been five thousand in all the City yet were there that day slain and taken Prisoners 400000 Persons and Quahutamoc their King taken Prisoner who told Cortez he had done his best endeavor to save and defend himself and Vassals but considering you may now do what you please with me I beseech you to kill me which is my only request But Cortez comforted him with fair words and required him to command his Subjects to yield which he did And at that time after so many were slain and starved so many Prisoners taken yet there were about 700000 who threw down their Arms and submitted Thus did Cortez win the famous City of Mexico on the thirteenth day of August An. Dom. 1521. Chulula enclosed about twenty thousand Houses with as many Temples as there are days in the year And the Inhabitants sacrificed every year above six thousand of their Children to their accursed Idols Tezcuco was said to be as big as Mexico which was said to contain sixty or eighty thousand Houses and is famous among the Spaniards for that it was the first that received a Christian King Hâ—rnando son to Nezavalpincintli Cortez being his God Father Quaretaro had a Fountain out of which the Water floweth for four years together and the next four years seemed to be empty Los Angelos upon the Road from La Vera Cruz first built and inhabited in the year 1530 by Don Antonio de Mendoza Vice-Roy of Mexico famous for the Cloth that is there made as good as any in Segovia which is the best in Spain And a Glass House which is the rarity in all those parts It is a City containing six thousand Inhabitants to which there belongs a Bishoprick endowed with sixty thousand Crown a year Guacocinga is the chief Town between the City of Mexico and Los Angelos consisting of above five thousand Indians and one thousand Spaniards and is priviledged by the Kings of Spain for that it joyned with the Tlazcellans against the Mexicans Acapulco upon the South Sea is a well sheltered Bay distant from Mexico one hundred Leagues from hence the Spaniard drives a rich Trade to the Philippine Isles and to China from whence they are distant three thousand Leagues Jucatan is a Peninsula between two Gulphs where stands the antient Merida In Panueo the Castillians have only three Colonies of which Saint Steven del puerto is the Metropolis twelve Leagues from the Sea and a Town of great Traffick next is Saint Jago de los Vallos thirdly Lewes de Tempico They have Mines of Gold in the Country which are not wrought Salt-pits out of which they draw the greatest profit Mechoaian the Metropolis of the Province so called now the seat of the Arch-Bishop since removed from Valadolid seated upon a Lake as large as that of Mexico This Country is said to be so healthful and of so sweat an Air that Sick People come thither to recover their health Near Colima is found the Plant Cozometcath or Olcacazan which takes blood-shot from the Eyes preserves the strength of the Body cures the Tooth and Head-ach resists all poisons and is most excellent against all Diseases This Province is of a fertile Soil yielding great encrease of all sorts of Grain Fruits c. It produceth Cotton Amber-Greece Gold Silver Copper Black Stones so shining that they serve instead of Looking-Glasses store of Plants medicinal Herbs Silk Hony Wax c. It is well stored
Yorkshire and Nottinghamshire 581 336 London Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire 623 189 Durham Durham Northumberland and the Isle of Man. 135 87 Winchester Hampshire Surry Isle of Wight Gernsey and Jersey and Alderny 362 131 Bath and Wells Somersetshire 385 160 Oxford Oxfordshire 195 88 Bangor Carnarvanshire Anglesey Merionethshire and part of Denbighshire 107 36 Rochester Part of Kent 98 36 Ely Cambridgshire and part of Ely. 141 75 Chichester Sussex and part of Hartfordshire 250 112 Salisbury Wiltshire and Barkshire 248 109 Worcester Worcestershire part of Warwickshire 241 76 Lincoln Lincoln Leicester Bedford Huntington Buckingham and part of Hartfordshire 1255 577 St. Asaph Part of Flintshire and part of Denbighshire 121 19 St. Davids Pembrokeshire and Carmarthenshire 308 120 Peterborough Northampton and Rutlandshire 293 19 Landaff Glamorganshire Monmouth Brecknock and part of Radnorshire 177 98 Carlile Cumberland and part of Westmerland 93 18 Exeter Devonshire and Cornwall 604 239 Chester Cheshire part of Yorkshire Lancashire part of Flint and part of Cumberland 256 101 Bristol Dorsetshire 236 64 Norwich Norfolk and Suffolk 1121 385 Glocester Glocestershire 267 125 Hereford Herefordshire Shropshire part of Worcestershire and part of Radnorshire 313 166 Lichfield Staffordshire Darbyshire part of Warwickshire part of Shropshire 557 250 The second Division was by King Henry the Second into six Circuits appointed to the Itinerary Judges who are twice in a year in the chief Town of each County in their respective Circuit to determine Causes and administer Justice for the Ease of the People The third is the Military Division for the Raising of Horse and Foot for the Kings Service It is also divided by the Kings Justices in Eyre of the Forest and by the King of Arms into North and South of Trent The last Division is that of Shires or Counties first ordained by King Alford which are subdivided into Hundreds or Wapentakes and those again into Tythings He also appointed a Vice-compt or Sheriff whose Office was to look after the Peace and Welfare of the Shire To Execute the Kings Writs and Precepts and perform several other duties necessary for the Execution of Justice and Welfare of the People And these Sheriffs are generally chosen out of the chiefest of the Gentry King Edward the Third ordained in every Shire certain Civil Magistrates intituled Justices of the Peace whose Duties are to look after the Disorders that arise in the Shire or Hundred in which they reside and to punish Offenders There are in all England 25 Cities 680 Great Towns called Market-Towns 9725 Parishes and in many of which are contained several Hamlets or Villages as big as ordinary Parishes England is blest with a sweet and temperate Air the Cold in Winter being less Sharp than in some parts of France and Italy which yet are seated far more Southernly And the Heat in Summer is less scorching than in some Parts of the Continent that lie much more Northward For as in Summer the Gentle Winds and Frequent Showres qualifie all violent Heats and Droughts so in Winter the Frosts do only meliorate the Cultivated Soil and the Snow keeps warm the tender Plants The whole Country is exceeding Fertile abounding with all sorts of Grain Rich in Pasture containing innumerable quantities of Cattel yielding great plenty of all sorts of Fowl Wild and Tame Its Seas and Rivers infinitely stored with all variety of excellent Fish In its Bowels are found Rich Mines of Lead Tinn Iron Copper and Coal as useful as advantageous to the Nation Nor doth it want Mines of Silver though rare and but in small quantities It hath excellent H t Baths and divers Medicinal Springs It is bravely furnished with Variety of pleasant Orchards and Gardens luxuriant with all sorts of excellent Fruits Plants and Flowers The English are Governed by several Laws viz. Common Law Statute Law Civil Law Canon Law and Martial Law besides particular Customs and By-Laws The Common Law of England is a Collection of the General Common Custom and Usages of the Kingdom which have by length of time and immemorial Prescription obtained the Force of Laws for Customs bind not the people till they have been tried and approved time out of mind These Laws were first reduced all into one body by King Edward the Elder about the year 900 revived by King Edward the Confessor William the Conqueror added some of the Customs of Normandy since which Edward the First did settle divers fundamental Laws ever since practised in this Nation Where the Common Law is silent there we have excellent Statute-Laws made by the several Kings of England by and with the advice and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal and Commons of England by their Representatives the Knights Citizens and Burgesses duly Elected in Parliament Where Common and Statute-Law take no Cognizance As in matters transacted beyond the Seas and relating to the Admiralty c. Use is made of the Civil Law which ought to be the Product of the Common Reason and Wisdom of all Mankind and fitted for the Interest and Welfare not only of one Nation but taking Care for the general Affairs of all people The Canon-Law is the many ancient General Councils of National and Provincial Synods the divers Decrees and Judgments of the Ancient Fathers c. received by the Church of England by which she proceeds in her Jurisdiction as chiefly for the Reforming of the inward man and matters accounted of a spiritual Nature as Cases Matrimonial Testamentary Scandals Offences against good Manners c. Forest-Laws are for regulating offences committed in or relating unto some Forest or Chase for preservation of the Game c. Martial Law extends only to Soldiers and Mariners and is not to be practised in times of Peace but only in War and then and there where the Kings Army is afoot The Doctrine of the Church of England is Apostolical contained either in Express words of the Holy Scripture or in the 39 Articles and the Book of Homilies in all things agreeable thereunto the Worship and Discipline is in the Liturgy and Book of Canons By all which it will appear to impartial Eyes that the Church of England is the most exact and perfect Pattern of all the Reformed Churches in the World. Let Italy glory in this that she is the Garden of the Earth it may truly be said of England that it is the Court and Presence-Chamber of the Great Jehovah which should engage us the more by Holy Lives to walk suitable to such Mercies and not to forfeit those inestimable Priviledges by our crying sins for how can we expect that God should always continue so Gracious to us if we continually turn his Grace into Wantonness England is a Free Hereditary Paternal Monarchy Governed by one Supream Independent and Undeposeable Head according to the known Laws and Customs of the Kingdom A Monarchy that without Interruption hath been continued 1000 years in a word a Government of a perfect and
Feb. 1658 was concluded and the two Kings had a friendly Interview Yet soon after this the War broke out again for the King of Sweden upon pretence of nonperformance of Articles with much secresie got before Copenhagen in Aug. 1658 so that the Fate of Denmark depended upon the Invincible Courage and Conduct of King Frederick who defended Copenhagen with a Royal Magnanimity till the death of the King of Sweden when was concluded a second Peace upon the Basis of the former Treaty Not to mention the late Wars wherein these two Northern Crowns were again imbrued in blood where the Swedes were overcome frequently in Field-fights and in Sieges as well as at Sea. They lost Wismar in Mecklemburg and several places in Schonen And the Danes had made as well as Brandenburg brave acquisitions and revenges had not the French King forced them to a Restitution The Monarchy of Denmark as it is now united and incorporated contains two Kingdoms Denmark and Norway to which we may add Groenland and the Islands of Iseland Schetland and Ferro Denmark is situate between the Ocean and the Baltick Sea composed of a Peninsula contiguous to Germany a Coast adjoyning to Sweden and of divers Isles which are between the Peninsula and the Coast with some others further distant Containing five more general parts or names of 1 Jutland 2. The Islands of the Sound or Sundt 3. Haland 4. Schonen 5. Bleking Of Jutia THE Peninsula called Jutland was once the Cimbria Chersonesus of Ptol. from the Cimbrians its ancient Inhabitants who were followed by the Juites Saxons and Angles after these came the Danes by whom it is now possessed being divided into two parts North and South the South part is divided also into two Dukedoms viz. Ducatus Holsatia or Holstein and Slesaicensis Ducatus or Sleswick Of the Dukedom of Holstein THis is a Wooddy low and Marshy Country and contains the Provinces of Dâ—tmarsia Stormaria Holsatia and Wagria properly and strictly so called Stormaria hath for its chief places Hamburgh Marionis Ptol. teste Cluver a free Imperial City and a hans-Hans-Town of great strength as well by Nature as Art adorned with fair and beautiful Structures viz. the Council-House Exchange and nine Churches a place of great Trade and well resorted to by Merchants and Factors of several Nations Anno 1374. this Town was adjudged to belong to the Earls of Holstein and that determination ratify'd by Charles the Fourth And 't is said that the Hamburghers took the Oath of Allegiance to Christiern Earl of Oldenburg the first King of Denmark of that House as Earl of Holstein but since they live as a free State and being jealous of their Liberty or their Guilt they are always in a posture of defence and can upon all occasion raise 1500 Citizens well armed besides their constant Garison and the promised assistance of the rest of the Hans-Towns 5. Krempe a Strong and well Fortified Town reckoned one of the Keys of the Kingdom Gluckstadt which commands the passage up the Elbe 6. Pinnenberg a Strong place and of great consequence 7. Bredenberg one of the best Towns in the Country remarkable for the stout resistance it made against Walestein 1628. Wagre hath for its chief places Lubeca Lubeck the Treva of Ptol. teste Merc. Sans Brietio an Imperial Free City and a hans-Hans-Town and Bishops See built upon a rising Hill on the summit whereof is placed the Cathedral Church called St. Maries besides which it hath nine others The Streets are strait and fair 't is Fortified with a Ditch and double Wall in circuit about six miles and enjoys a good Trade Heylin tells us there is not a City of Germany which can equalize it either for the Beauty and uniformity of the Houses the pleasant Gardens fair Streets and delightful Walks without the Walls seated upon the River Trave which runs through the midst of it about eight English miles from the Baltick Guarded at the Rivers mouth by the Fort Travemund and is in a strict Alliance with the States-General of the United-Provinces ever since Anno 1648. The other Towns are Newstadt Ploen upon a Lake Fortified with a Castle and belonging to a Prince of the House of Holstein called Holstein Ploen Oldenberg Segebert the Lirimiris of Ptol. and Oldeslee Ditmarsh hath for its chief places Meldrop the prime Town of the Province Lunden and Heide Holstein is the last member of this Estate though giving name to the whole the chief places in it are Kiel alias Chilonium Seated upon the Baltick Sea a well traded Town with a large Haven and store of Shipping 2. Rensberg the best Fortified and Itzehoa on the River Stoer Adolph of Schaumberg in the Year 1114 by Lotharius Emperor and Duke of Saxony was made the first Earl of Holstein Adolph the last Earl of which House dying without Issue the whole Estate fell to Christiern Son of Theodorick Earl of Oldenberg who being made King of Denmark prevailed with Frederick the third Emperor to have the whole Estate erected into a Dukedom 1474. and by this means united to the Crown of Denmark the Kings thereof as Dukes of Holstein being counted Princes of the Empire tho they neither send to the Imperial Diets nor contribute to the publick Taxes nor acknowledg any Subjection more than Titular Yet since this uniting of these two Estates the Title of Duke of Holstein and a good part of the Country was in a manner dismembred from the Crown and given to Adolph Brother of Christiern the third Afterwards another part of this Country was bestowed upon John Younger Brother to Frederick the Second So that now the House of Holstein is divided into three principal Branches whereof the King of Denmark is the Head and standing Protector of the first Branch The other two Branches are that of Holstein Gottorp and that of Holstein Sunderburg which is divided into four Branches so that the Dukes of Holstein are now increased to a great Number of which the Duke of Holstein Gottorp is the most considerable yet was greater before he lost the King of Denmark his Brother in Laws favour by engaging too far with the Swedes whereby he lost to the King his Rights of Soveraignty over the Dukedom of Sleswick and has little or nothing there left besides his Castle at Gottorp And in Holstein his Subjects are under Contribution whilest himself resides at Hamburg his place of refuge Slesvicensis Ducatus or Hertzogthumb Sleswick Incolis THIS is that part of Jutland which lies next to Holstein and was first erected a Dukedom by King Eric of Denmark who gave it to Waldemar but Male-issue failing it returned to the Crown and was by Margaret Queen of Denmark Norway and Sweden conferred upon Getrard Earl of Holstein Afterwards it fell together with Holstein to Christiern of Oldenburg King of Denmark by whom it was with Holstein Incorporated in that Crown A Country which once in three or four years the Inhabitants let the Pools
North. The Forces of Sweden are very powerful being able to put to Sea more then 100 Sail of Ships and into the Field forty or fifty thousand of Horse and Foot. And for deciding of Controversies c. every Territory hath its Viscount every Province its Lâ—n every Parish its Lanas-man or Consul and there lâ—eth an appeal from the Consul to the Laymen and from the Laymen to the Viscount and from the Viscount to the King who alone decideth the same Teste Sanson Livonia Germ. or Listâ—ndt is divided into two parts viz. Esthâ—nia or Eften on the North. and Litlandia Leithland or 〈◊〉 on the South was entirely Surrendred by the Polander except Dunembergh Formerly the Order of Carry-Sword Knights Resided there but in the time of Gregory the Ninth that Order was United to the Teutonick Afterwards the Polanders and Muscovites enjoyed it Riga is the Capital City of Livonia The Germans English and Hollanders drive a great Trade there in the Summer while the Sea is open In the Winter the Natives Trade into Muscovy upon their Sledges It stands upon a Plain upon the River Duna which in that place is about a quarter of a League over The Fortifications thereof consist of six Regular Bastions several Half-moons and Pallisado'd Counterscarps In the Year 1656 an Army of an hundred thousand Muscovites came to catch cold before this City which Valiantly Repulsed them Pernaw is a well Fortified place And Derpt in Latin Tuâ—atum Situate on the Beck taken by J. Basilius the Great Duke of Muscovy as was also Felin a strong Town Dunabourg an Impregnable Fortress eight miles from Riga well Garisoned by the Poles Revel directs the Trade from Livonia into Muscoâ—y 'T is a Bishops See and a well Traded Port. Nerva is a strong place from whence the Neighbouring River derives its Name where the Brave Pontus de la Gardia was Drown'd By the last Treaties between the Crowns of Sweden and Poland the Exercise of the Protestant as well as the Catholick Religion is permitted in Livonia as also in Curland and Prussia The Island of Gothland is the biggest in the Baltick Sea for therein there are five or six Ports belonging to the Swede In several of the Rocks there still remain the Ancient Gothish Characters And the City of Wisby still preserves certain pieces of Marble and Houses that have Gates of Iron or Brass Gilded or Silver'd over which testifie the great Antiquity of the place This City first Established the Law for Navigation in the Baltick and began the Sea-cards Other Islands are Dagho and Oesel upon the Coast of Livonia belonging to the Swedes Of Muscovy c. MOSCOVIE or RVSSIE Of Muscovy c. MVSCOVY is properly but the name of a Province so called of which Moscow is the chief City which hath communicated its Name to all the Provinces under the Dominion of the Grand Czar or Tzar This Country is part of the European Sarmaâ—iâ— or Sâ—ythia called also Russia Alba or the Great Russia whose ancient Inhabitants were the Rhuteni or the Roxolani of Ptol. the Rossi of Cedren The Basternae Tacit. teste Willich From thence some think it called Russia others tell us 't is called Russia from the colour of the Snow which colours the Fields for almost three Quarters of a year 'T is the Vastest Country in Europe A Territory so large that were it Peopled answerable to some other parts of the World would either make it too great for one Prince or that Prince too powerful for his Neighbours But the Eastern parts thereof are vexed with the Asiatique Tartars who like Aesop's Dog will neither dwell there nor suffer the Muscovites The Western parts almost as much harassed by the Swedes and Poles The Southern by the Turks and European Tartars and the Northern pinched by the coldness of the Air This excess of cold in the Air was so vehement that in the Year 1598 of 70000 Turks that made an Inrode into Muscovy 40000 were frozen to death and water thrown up into the Air will turn to Ice before it falls to the Ground Nor is it an extraordinary thing for the Inhabitants to have their Noses Ears and Feet frozen off such is their Winter Nor is their Summer less Miraculous for the heaps of frozen Snow which covered the Surface of the Country at the first approach of the Sun are suddenly Dissolved the Waters dried up the Earth dressed in her gaudy Apparel such a mature Growth of Fruits such flourishing of Herbs such chirping of Birds as if there were a perpetual Spring And though they Sow but in June yet the Heats of July and August strangely quicken their Harvest The whole Country generally is overspread with Woods and Lakes and is in a manner a continual Forest irrigated by several Lakes and Rivers Here grow the goodliest and tallest Trees in the World affording shelter to multitudes of Cattel and Wild Beasts whose Skins â—re better than their Bodies and here is the inexhaustible Fountain of Wax and Honey as likewise all kinds of Fowl and small Birds in great plenty most sorts of Fish excellent Fruits and Roots especially Onions and Garlick Here is the Corn of Rhezan and Volodimira the Hides and Leather of Jâ—rouslâ—u the Wax and Honey of Plesow the Tallow of Wolâ—gda the Oyl and Cavayer about Volga the Linnen and Hemp of great Novogrodt the Pitch and Rosin of Duvinâ—z the Salt of Asrâ—acan and Rostof the â—rmins and Sables and black Foxes Furs of Siberia where the Hunters have the Art to hit only the Noses of the Beasts preserving their Skins whole and clean The Muscovites are naturally ingenious enough yet not addicted to Arts or Sciences they do not trouble themselves with the height of the Heavens or the Magnitude of the Earth they amuse not themselves with Syllogisms nor wrangle whether Logick be an Art or Science And the plainness and paucity of their Laws makes Atturnies and Sollicitors as useless there as Philosophers Nor are they much addicted to Traffick and Husbandry being naturally lazy it must be force or necessity that compels them to labour Drunkenness is very familiar with them and Aqua-vitae or Tobacco like the Liquor of Circe turns them into Swine They are great lyars treacherous crafty malicious and revengeful quarelsome tho the height of their fury is Kicking their Houses mean and ill-furnished their Lodging is hard and their Diet homely born to slavery and brought up in hardship They are for the most part fat and corpulent strong of Body and of good proportion only great Bellies and great Beards are in fashion and the Women though indifferent handsome yet make use of Paint They are much retired and seldom in publick very respectful to their Husbands who look upon them as a necessary evil beat them often and treat them as slaves They only teach their Children to write and read which suffices them though they presume to be Doctors They take for their Sirname the proper name of their
cruel Wars the whole Country adjacent though pleasant and fruitful became a Wilderness and now lyeth waste being a vaste Desart 500 miles over and a thousand miles long from Precop unto the County of Muscovy Caffa known to the Ancients by the name of Theodosia is a great Town and place of good Trade wherein are reckoned 4000 Houses 3000 Inhabited by Mahometans Turks and Tartars about 1000 families of Armenians and Greeks who have their several Bishops and Churches that of St. Peters is the biggest but fallen to decay every Christian above 15 years of Age pays a Piaster and half Tribute to the Grand Signior who is Lord of the City which is guarded with two Castles the Castle upon the South-side commands all the parts there are Boats and is the Residence of the Bassa Provisions of all sorts are very good and cheap Their chief Trade is Salt-fish Caveer Corn Butter and Salt. Formerly possessed by the Genoese but taken by Mahomet the Great 1574 hath since been subject to the Turks In 1627 it was besieged and taken by the Cossacks 750 miles reckoned from Constantinople Precop in Latin Precopia Seated near the place where stood the Eupeterea of the Ancients Bakessy Serai or Basha Serrail is the Residence or Court of the present Kans of Tartary Mancup is a Strong Town where the Kan is said to keep his Treasury German or Crim was the ancient Seat of the Kans supposed to be the Taphrae or Pliny or Taphras of Ptolomy Kers stands upon the Bosphorus Cimerius or the streight of Capha not far from the Panticapaeun of the Ancients Oczakou is situated near the influx of the great River Borysthenes built in or near the place of Olbia Tanas or Tanais of Ptolomy situate 20 miles from the mouth of that River is the last City in Europe now subject to the Turks who have there a Garison and by them called Azac or Azow 450 Miles from Caffa and 1300 from Constantinople In 1637 it was besieged and taken by the Muscovites and Cossacks In the year 1641 it was not recovered though with much blood and slaughter of the Army of Sultan Ibrahim for it cost 3000 Spahees 7000 Janizaries and 800 other Soldiers besides Moldavians Walachians and Tartars and yet the Turks were forced to raise the Siege and return home However the next year it was abandoned by the Cossacks and left a sad spectacle of despair and ruin The ancient Inhabitants of the European Tartary or Sarmatia Europaea were of the Scythian Race but in Chersonese it self dwelt the ancient Tauri against whom Darius King of Persia made his fruitless war with an Army of 700000. In the actions of the Greeks and Romans we hear nothing of them unless that the Emperor Trajan took the City Taphre Afterwards growing great by Conquering the Asiatique Tartars Mahomet the Great made himself Master of Caffa and Azow thereby Commanding both Moentis and the Euxine Seas And in the time of Selimus the first who had Married a Daughter of this Crim Tartar the Turks and Tartars grew into a League And though the Kan or Prince be Elective yet he is Chosen out of the true Line and confirmed by the Grand Signior who have always taken upon them a Power to Depose the Father and Constitute the Son or next of that Lineage when found remiss in affording their Auxiliary helps to the War or guilty of any disrespect or want of Duty to the Ottoman Port. The Tartars are Esteemed as Brothers or near Allies with the Turks to whom for want of Heirs Male in the Ottoman Line the Turkish Empire is by an Ancient Compact to descend the Expectation of which doth keep the Tartars in much Observance in hopes one day to be Lords of the World. In the Year 1663 the Tartars called to the Assistance of the Turks made such Incursions into Hungary Moravia and Silesia Sacking and Burning Cities and Towns that they carried away 160000 Captives which they Sell to the Turks who go thither to Trade for this Merchandize which is the most profitable Commodity that Tartary affords Young Boys and Girls are rated at the highest price the latter if beautiful are like Jewels held at an unknown Value though few of them escape the Lust of the Tartars They live very hardly and feed especially on Horse-flesh which dying in their March they never examine his Disease but putting the Flesh under their Saddles baking it between the heat of the Horse and the Man it is judged sufficiently prepared a Dish fit for their Prince And as the Men are Nourished with a Diet of raw Flesh Herbs and Roots such as the Earth Naturally produces without the Concoction of Fire to prepare it for their Stomacks so also their Horses are of a hardy Temperament patient of Hunger and Cold living usually upon Roots and Leaves of Trees Their Towns or Villages consist of Huts rather than Houses or Hurdles made of sticks and covered with a coarse Hair-cloth of which Villages there are accounted 200000 so that taking one Man out of every Village they quickly form an Army of so many Fighting men These Portative Houses which they call Cantares they put them upon Wheels and dwell in them more in the Summer than in the Winter They never mind Sciences but understand what they know by common sense and therefore 't is said of them That they have eaten their Books and carry them in their Stomacks They are said to be so much of the Nature of Dogs and Cats that they are born blind and do not see clear till after five days Their Eyes are not very large but very black far asunder but quick and piercing They are rather little than big but very large Limb'd Their Breasts high and broad their Necks short their Heads big their Noses flat their Teeth white their Faces round their Complexion tanned and their Hair black and coarse whilst they are young their Mothers bathe them in Salt-water to harden their Skin Some of them now grown Wealthy by the Market of their Slaves throw off their homely plads to wear Sables and some more frugal build Houses Sir John Chardin tells us at Donslow or Salinae 50 miles from Caffa there 200 Vessels are yearly laden with Salt and that about a mile from that place was a Tartarian Habitation but not above ten or twelve Houses with a little Mosque only round about them were a great number of Tents round and square very well closed as also several Waggons well closed and covered which serve instead of Houses He also tells us that some of their Tents were hung with Tapestry as also the Floors covered with the same and the outside covered with Furs and every Family hath one of these Tents and two others one for their Slaves and Provisions another for their Cattle That they store up their Corn and Forage in deep Pits or Magazines under the Ground as do most of the Eastern people The Riotous and Dissolute addict themselves
to Strong-waters and a Drink called Beza giving themselves up to a Gluttony as Brutish as that which is Natural unto Swine having no Use of Sauces to provoke their Appetite but rest delighted with the meer contentment of Idleness and a full Stomack I shall only add this account of Tartary by Massellini an Italian Physician to the Grand Vizier I for my part found Tartary a very pleasant Country plentiful of all Provisions and the people much more courteous and obliging to strangers and Christians than the Turks are That as to their Morals few Nations less vicious being extreamly severe and faithful having no Thieves or false Witnesses amongst them little injustice or violence and live together in union and peace And that the captive Tartars in Poland are very faithful and just in whatsoever they promise or are entrusted with Of MOLDAVIA TRANSILVANIA MOLDAVIA VALACHIA BVLGARIA c by Robt. Morden MOLDAVIA has sometimes been called Great Walachia and Walachia on this side the Mountains It is very Rich in Honey and Wax for which the Tenths of the Prince amount Yearly to above 200000 Crowns You shall meet with several Heaps of Stones which they report to have been cast up by Darius King of Persia when he made War against the Scythians The Capital Cities thereof are Jassi or Jassum the chief Town for Wealth and Trade 2. Soczova Soczow Suchzow was the Sucidava of Ptol. Ant. the Vaivod's Seat. 3. Chotezin Arcobadara Baud. a place of great strength near the Niester and the Ordinary Magazine of the Country the place where the Poles were Defeated under King Sigismund Augustus and where King John Sobieski a little before his Election won the most memorable Victory in our Age. The Eastern part called Bessarabia lies upon the Black Sea and belongs to the Grand Signior who is Master of the Mouth of the Danow and Niester and who uses all ways imaginable to Subdue the Rich Provinces of the Vkraine It s chief places are Bialogrod Bialogred Moldavis Beligrad Turcis a strong Town near the Mouth of the River Kilia is the Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. teste Laz. But Laonicus tells us that Callatia is now called Calliacra And Niger saith 't is called Pandalla on the Euxine Sea. Ackerman Turcis Moncastro Incol is the Hermonassa Plin. Mel. the Hermonactus Ptol. teste Nigro Nester Alba. Turcis teste Leuncl Moncastro is the Tyras of Ptol. teste Herbersti Zothezavia Nigro a strong place on the same Coast The Plain of Budziack 12 Leagues long and half as broad is possessed by the Dobruce Tartars who are the greatest Robbers in those parts They are about 15000 and lye about Bialigrod Of WALACHIA WALACHIA which lies to the South-East of Transylvania and extends along the Danaw was called Walachia Transalpina to distinguish it from Moldavia It is watered by a great many Rivers Some of the Mountains are enriched with Mines of Gold And for the Horses they are the best in Europe The Prince who is sometimes called Hospodar and sometimes Waywode that is to say Chief of the Troops Resides at Terwisch Incol Tervis Gal. Targovisco Ital. Tergowisch Germ. Tergovistus or Tergoviscum Lat. Auth. Olim Tiviscum Ptol. Taros Turo teste Lazio And pays to the Grand Signior 26000 Liures Annual Tribute It s other places are Brailano the Piroboridava of Ptol. teste Nigro the Town of most Trade Situate on the Danaw memorable for the Destruction and Slaughter made by John the Vaivod of Moldavia Zorza with its strong Castle taken by Sigismund Anno 1596. Bucaresta is Remarkable for two Bridges the one of Boats laid by Sinan Bassa the other of Stone the Work of the Emperor Trajan Of TRANSYLVANIA TRANSYLVANIA Erdeli Hung. Siedm-grodzka Ziemea Sclavis is so called as being Seated beyond the Woods or rather Mountains that separate it from Hungary The Germans call it Sieben burghen by reason of the Seven Cities which the Saxons Built there viz. Hermanstat Cronstat Nosenstat Medwich Schiesburg Clausenburg and Weissenburg The People of this Country are of two sorts Cicules or Zeklers Saxons or Hungarians The Zeklers are said to come out of Tartary or are rather the remains of the Hunns who quitted their Names that they might not be Odious to their Neighbours They are settled chiefly in the Northern part at Orbay at Kisdi at Czick at Girgio at Marous at Arania and Sepsi Their Capital City is Newmark The Saxons or Hungarians are Originally Descended from the Germans and call themselves the Nobles of the Country Hermanstadt Ger. Czeben Zeben Hung. the Cibinium Hermannopolis of the Ancients yielded by the Turks 1659 after much Slaughter and a stout Resistance is the Residence of the Prince a strong City well Fortified both by Art and Nature Waradin or Wardeyn has been extraordinarily Fortified by the Turks who have there made a Magazine of Arms ever since the Year 1660. Cronstat Kronstat Germ. Brassow vel Brassowa Hung. Brassaw Incolis the Patrovissa of Ptol. Stephanopolis Corona Praetoria Augusta Vet. is Remarkable for a fair Library and a kind of Academy and the most Noted Empory of the Country Nosenstadt Germ. Bistritia Bestercze Hung. the Nemidava Vet. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Old Manuscripts is a pleasant and sweet Town Clausenburg Germ. Koloswar Hung. Claudiapolis Vet. Zeugma Ptol. aliis Besieged by the Turks Defended by D. Retani and Relieved by Scheniden with 6000 Men 1661. But Lazius tells us that Zeugma is the Zazsebes Hung. or the Mulenbach Ger. three Leagues distant from Clausenburg towards the South seated in a pleasant Plain beautified with handsome Buildings and is the Court of their Judicature Wassemburg Germ. Gyula-Feieruar Hung. Albajulia or Alba-Giulia the Apulum of Ptol. was the Ordinary Residence of the Prince or Vayvod of Transylvania Varhel Incolis Gradisch Selavo Veczol Venecz teste Lazio is the Zarmigethusa or Zarmisogethusa of Ptol. Vlpia Trajana Vet. Megies or Medgis Hung. Megeswar Medwisch Germ. the Pirum of Ptol. Mediesus Lat. Segeswar Incol Schiesburg Ger. Sciburgium is the Sandava of Ptol. teste Lazio Janova Besieged by the Grand Vizier 1658 and taken The Country Naturally abounds with Wine Corn Fruit and Cattel The People are much of the same Nature with the Hungarians to whom they have been for a long time subject but are somewhat more stubborn and untractable and speaking the same Language with some difference in the Dialect only One of the Principal Revenues of Transylvania consists in Salt which is chiefly made at Torda from whence they send it into Hungary by the River Marish There are also Mines of Gold and Silver and sometimes great pieces of pure Gold are found in the Rivers that weigh half a pound So that the Hungarians when they possessed Transylvania called it their Treasury There are several sorts of Religions in Transylvania for Catholicks Lutherans and Calvinists had the free Exercise of their Religion there ever since the beginning
Rhodes But upon the second of September 1686 the same day of the year when it was taken by Solyman after it had groaned under the Tyrannous yoke of the Ottoman 145 years was this great and strong City the Capital of Hungary reduced under the obedience of the Emperor Leopold the First by the Prudence Constancy and Conduct of the Couragious Duke of Lorrain the Terror of the Musselmen and the Greatest General of this Age. The Turks have formerly experienced the Valour of Huniades and Scanderbergh They have feared the Courage of the Duke of Merceur They have trembled at the Conduct and slaughter of the Valiant Count Serini but much more reason have they to dread the Martial Duke of Lorrain He it was that near Preshurg routed the Rebellious Army of Teckley He it was that defeated the Turks near Calenburgh He it was with the King of Poland that raised the Siege of Vienna He it was that vanquished the Enemy near Barkan and rescued the King of Poland when the Polish Army was in Confusion He it was that relieved the City of Gran and routed the Army of Zeitan Ibraim Basha and lastly He it was that whilest the Grand Vizier Soliman looked on with a potent Army won this Glorious Conquest Buda Not far from Buda in the year 1578 was fought a Battel of so strange a fortune between the Christians and the Turks that the Conquerors were conquered and the vanquished got the Victory Other Cities are Poson Hungaris Presburg Germanis Pesonium Pessonium the Flexum of Ptol. Ant. The City is pleasant the Castle stately where the highly-esteemed Crown of Hungary is kept the Labyrinth Fish-Ponds and Fountains are Noble it is the Capital of what the House of Austria possesses ten German miles from Vienna Since the Loss of Alba Regalis it is the place of Election and Coronation of the Kings of Hungary Cassovia Chaschaw incolis Caschow lies towards the Mountains having the fairest Arsenal in the Country Eperies Eperiae is much frequented by reason of the Fairs which are there kept where also there is a Salt-Mine about 180 Fathom deep the veins of Salt are large and there are pieces of 10000 l. weight the colour of the Salt-stone is somewhat gray but grinded to powder it becomes white nor is the Salt always of one colour but of divers there are some pieces so clear and hard that they carve them into divers Figures Sabaria of Plin. Ptol. Amm. Stain am Angern Germ. Szombatel Hung. teste Lazio but by Cluver it is Sarwar Hung. Rothenturn Ger. of Old the Metropolis of Pannonia Superior the Birth-place of St. Martin Some Report and others believe that Ovid was Buried there in his Return towards Italy Nittria Hung. Neytracht Ger. a Bishops See. Freistat or Calgotz Hung. a fair large Town but Burned by the Turks Schemnitz the greatest of the Mine-Towns in Hungary and where great quantity of Silver Ore is every day digged It hath three fair Churches and three Castles and several Mines those of Windschacht and Trinity are the chief the last 70 Fathom deep the one is much esteemed and of a black colour covered with a white Earth There is also often found a Red Substance which grows to the Ore called Cinnaber of Silver which being grinded with Oyl maketh a Vermilion as good as the Cinnaber made by Sublimation There are also found in these Mines Crystals Amethysts and Amethystine mixtures as also Vitriol Naturally Crystalliz'd in the Earth And as there is great variety in the Silver Ore as to its mixtures with Earth Stones Marchasite Cinnaber Vitriol c. so also in its Richness some holding a great Proportion of Silver in respect of others A hundred pound-weight of Ore sometimes yields but half an Ounce or an Ounce of Silver sometimes two Ounces 3 4 5 and so to 20 Ounces what is Richer is very rare Most of the Schemnitz Ore holds some Gold which they separate by melting the Silver then granulating it and after by dissolving it in Aqua-fortis made out of a peculiar Vitriol prepared at Chremnitz whereby the Gold is left at the bottom and is afterwards melted and the Aqua-fortis is Distilled from the Silver and serveth again for Use Chremnitz Carpates of old is the Oldest Mine-Town and the Richest in Gold of all the rest 965 years they have Worked there the Mine is about 10 English miles in length and there is one Cuniculus or Horizontal Passage 800 Fathoms long and the depth is about 170 Fathoms and the Leopold Pit is 150 Fathoms deep Of the Gold Ore some is white some black some red some yellow that with black spots within white is esteemed the best There is also a Vitriol Mine at Chremnitz about 80 Fathom deep the Ore whereof is reddish and sometimes greenish This Ore is infused in water and after three days the water is poured off and boiled seven days in a Leaden Vessel till it comes to a thick granualated whitish Substance which is afterwards reduced to a Calx in an Oven and serveth in the making of Aqua-fortis or the separating water used at Schremnitz Newsol or Bistricia has the greatest Copper-works in Hungary the Copper being very strongly united to its stone-bed or Ore the Separation is effected with great labour and difficulty it being burned and melted 14 times before it becomes fit for Use At a little Village called Smalnik there is a Rivulet which changes particles of Iron into Copper The leaves of Oaks that are by the bank-side falling into the water are insensibly eaten through and the most gross particles of this water getting therein it is turned into a leaf of Copper which being exposed to the Sun or only to the Air hardens and always retains its former figure of an Oaken leaf At Glas-Hitten seven English miles from Schemnitz there was once a rich Gold Mine but since the over-running of the Country by Bethlem Gabor it is lost 'T is much frequented by reason of its natural hot Baths Eisenbach four miles English from Glas-Hitten and five or six from Schemnitz is also noted for its Hot Baths the sediment of which is red and turneth into Stone and it turneth Wood into Stone At Hern-Grundt an Hungarian mile from Newsol in that Mine were two Springs of a Vitriolate water which turn Iron into Copper The seven chief Mine-Towns are Schemnitz Chremnitz Newsol Koningsberg Bochantz Libeten Tiln The strongest places belonging to the House of Austria were Javarin Comara and Leopolstat the Bulwarks of Christendom Javarin Gallis Raab stands in the Plain out of sight environed by the Danow and Raab Germanis Gewer Hungaris Giavarin Italis Rab. Incolis Yanick Turcis It was the Arabo of Ant. the Narabo of Ptol. Is Fortified with seven large Bastions covered with Brick and four Cavilliers or Ravelins between It was Besieged by Sinan Bassa in the time of Sultan Murat the Third who at one Assault lost 1200 Men but by the Treachery of Count Herdeck
Burroughs into Cities create Offices and out-law Cities by Proclamation lastly he may make Kings Dukes and Marquesses and he is superior to all the Princes of the Empire who for that reason have a great Respect for him The Electors are Eight in all viz. the Arch-Bishop of Mayence Arch-Chancellor of Germany the Arch-Bishop of Treeves Arch-Chancellor of France the Arch-Bishop of Cologn Arch-Chancellor of Italy the King of Bohemia Great Cup-Bearer the Duke of Bavaria Gâ—eat Steward the Duke of Saxony Great Marshal or Constable the Duke of Brandenburgh Great Chamberlain and the Prince Palatine Great Treasurer These Electors pretend that their dignity makes them equal to the Kings of Europe and which is of greater moment for that they Elect and Crown the Emperor after which the Pope by usurpation pretends a Right to confirm the Election and Coronation Four Voices of these Electors suffices to advance any one to the Imperial Dignity and at present the King of Bohemia only has his Seat in the Election The Secular Electors may not nominate themselves Nor can the Lands of their Electorates be alienated In the House of Saxony the Electorship belongs only to the Eldest who shares the other Seigniories with his Brothers The Elector of Brandenburgh is the most Landed of all the rest next to the King of Bohemia his Dominions contain above two hundred German Leagues in length but are for the most part separated one from another and by the late combustion and the Fortune of War he is become the most considerable Prince of that Quality in the Empire Anno 1000 under Otho the Third the Electors had fixed their Electorship which first began by permission under pretence of avoiding confusion and for the good of the common Interest some tell us that the Electors were Instituted after the death of Otho the Third And others say it was in the time of Rodolph of Hapsburg The Ecclesiastical Princes are The Arch-Bishop of Saltsburg the Grand Master of the Teutonick Order several Bishops and other great Prelates Abbots and Abbesses who have no voice but embodi'd these Princes are almost absolute over the Temporality of their Benefices neither has Christendom any Prelates so Potent as they Their Elections to their Dignities belongs to the several Chapters wherein neither the Pope nor the Emperor has any Right to intermeddle Among the Secular Princes there is the Arch-Duke of Austria the Princes of the Electoral Houses some Dukes Marquesses and Landgraves there are also some Earls and Barons who differ only in name and method of the Empire They have their Seat in a Body which has four Voices in the Estates of the Empire But they have also every one their Voices in their particular Assemblies and some of them Coyn Money There are some Noblemen in Franconia in Suabia in the Country of the Rhine and in the Lower Alsatia who are as absolute in their own particular Territories as the most Potent Lords of the Empire in theirs several Principalities in Germany are possessed by one Prince alone and many times one Principality belongs to many The Free Cities which are as so many Republiques are of two sorts viz. Imperial and Hans Towns. The Imperial bear the Eagle of the Empire in their Arms either entire or divided and they have a Right to send their Deputies to the Diets of the Empire where their Corporation has two Voices They exceed the number of fourscore and are considered either as lying upon the Seats of Suabia or the Seats of the Rhine and they are thus divided from the several Seats where the Deputies of the Cities take their places the Deputy of the City of Câ—logn takes the first place upon the Rhine-Seat and the Deputy of Ratisbourn takes the first place upon the Suabia-Seat Some are govern'd by Noble Families others live under a Popular Government The Hans Towns are in league together to aid one another reciprocally in time of distress as also for the maintenance of the liberty of their Trade and to preserve themselves from being overcharg'd with Impositions by foreign Princes but that League at this day is little regarded by several of these Cities whilest every one endeavours to stand on their own bottom and do their own business themselves Of these Lubeck Cologn Brunswick and Dantzick are the four chief Lubeck may summon all the rest together with the advice of five of the Cities which are next adjoyning to her The most famous Rivers in Germany are the Rhine the Danube the Elb the Odar and the Veser the Ems. The Rhine Rhenus Caesar Strab. Plin. c. Rhyn or Rhein Germ. Le Rhein Gallis Rheno Italis ariseth out of the Alps in two Fountains distant about a days journey asunder the one called the Vorder Rhein or Anterior Rhenus sourceth out of the Hills of the Leponti and Mountain Luckmanier The further named the Hinder Rhein or Posterior Rhenus out of the Alps and the Mountain der Vogel These meeting together about a German mile from Chur or Coire of the Grisons afterwards continued in one Channel towards the North by the Cities of Constance Basil Spire Worms Mentz and Cologn encreased by the way with the addition of several other great Rivers unto the Fort Schenken-Schans from whence it is conveyed into the Ocean by four Branches or Channels first of the Wael by Nimmengen Tiel and Bommel until it loseth its name in the Maes 2. The Leck into which the Rhein diverteth at Duerstede and is carried into the Maes betwixt Dort and Rotterdam 3. The Rhine extended from Schenken-Schans by Huessen Arnhem and Wagening unto Duerstede where the main River being diverted by the Leck with a small Current it is continued by Vtrâ—tcht and through Holland unto Leyden where in the sandy Downs betwixt it and the Sea it leaveth its name and under another name of the Vlict it is turned towards the South falling into the Maes at Sluys over against the Breâ—l The fourth Branch is the Isâ—l drawn from the Rhine near Arnhem and passing by Zutphen and Daventer falleth into the Zuider or South-Sea at Campen The main Channels of the Rhine in the time of Caesar were the Rhine which then fell into the Ocean at the place where is now Catwick in Holland And the Vahatis or Wart making the Island of the Batavians of Tacitus Chiefer Rivers received into the Rhine are the Neckar Nicer Necarus Flav. A. Marc. arising in Silva Nigra or Swartzwald near Rotweel and falls into the Rhine at Manheim near Hiedelberg The Main Maenus Tac. out of the Mount Fichtelberg passing the Towns of Bamberg and Wurtzburg falleth in below Francfort The Roer Rura Scrip. Belgig in Westphalia flowing hereinto at Duesburg The Lippe Luppia Tac. Lupias Strab. rising not far from Paderborn empties it self at the Wesel The Aar issuing out of the Alps of the Leponti near the Hill of St. Gothard is discharged hereinto near Waldshut The Ill Ellus Flavius out of Suntgew after the receipt
of almost infinite lesser Rivers falls in a little below Strasburg The Moselle Mosella Tac. Aus arising out of the Mountains of Vauge at the Confines of Lorrain is disburthened hereinto at Coblentz The Danaw Ger. le Danube Gal. Danubio Ital. Hisp Danow Ang. Danubius Polyb. Strab. Plin. c. ariseth in Schwartzwald distant about two hours journey from the head of the Neckar and running Eastwards through Suavia Bavaria Austria Hungaria Bulgaria c. after above 1000 miles course it poureth into the Euxine Sea with a great violence through six Channels according to Plin. through seven according to Sol. Strab. and A. Marc. Thâ— lower part of this River was called Ister Strab. puts the beginning of this Name at its Cataracts Ptol. at the Town Axiopolis Plin. where it arriveth at Illiricum Appian at the Confluence of it with the River Savus The greater Rivers received hereinto in Germany are the Iser Isara The Leck Lycus Inn. Aenus of Ptol. The Nab or Nabas and the Marckh or Moraus The Ems Germ. Amis Amusia Strab. Amisus Amasus Ptol. Plin. It ariseth in Westphalia near Paderborn and is disburthened into the German or British Ocean The Weser Visurgis Plin. Visurigis Ptol. Bisurgis Strab. Iturgis Ovid. hath its beginning in the Hilly Forrest of Duringer-Waldt passing by the Towns of Hamlen Minden and Bremen and having received the Fuld and the Aller floweth into the German Ocean the part towards the head is called Wierra Verra al. Wertz The Elbe Albis of Plin. Strab. c. riseth out of the Hill Risengebirg being part of the Sudatae incircling Bohemia and passing by the Towns of Dresden Wittenburg Meydburg it falleth into the German Ocean below Hambourg towards it beginning in Bohemia it is called the Labe. Greater Rivers which empty hereinto are the Muldaw Muldavia The Egra the Saltza Sala of Strab. The Spree Suevus of Ptol. Unto this River reached the Roman Discoveries and the French Conquests The Odor Odera Viadrus Ptol. This ariseth out of the Hill Oderberg near Olmuntz in Moravia passing by Breslaw Glogaw Francford and Stetin with the Rivers Neisse and Warta received thereinto it is disburdened into the Frisch-huff at the two Islands Vsedom and Vollin with three Mouths Pfyn Swine and Diuvenow and so into the East or Baltick Sea. The chief Mountains of Germany were the Abnobi Abnobae of Ptol. Plin. near the Heads of the River Danow and the Neccar now called Schwartz-wald by Scuto and Willychio Die Baar The Sudatae of Ptol. or Suditi Vandalici Montes Dioni are the Hills encircling Bohemia covered with the Woods Gabreta and Luna Wendenberg Fiechtilberg teste Baud. The Sarmatici Montes seem to be the same with Sevo of Solinus Plin. and Carpates of Ptol. between Poland and Hungary Now Crapack Tarczal Ben Munch Wartzgarten Biescid Scheneberg Snepesi Bies-sciady Russis Melibocus Mons Tatri Sclavis Hartzwaldt Pirkhermero Brockersberg Peucero By others Vogelsburg The Hilly Country of Hessen between Franconia and Turingia by B. Rhenano Carvancas are the Hilly Tracts of Tirol and Carinthia now Brenner Pyramio The Albanus of Ptol. Albius Strabo are the Mountains of Stiria now Schwanberger-Albn or Affder Alben Laz. The Baebi Montes Ptol. are the Crabaten or Krabaten Mount. in Croatia Cetius Mons seu Cesius Liv. Ptol. now Kalenberg or Halenberg in Austria continued a great length between the Danow and the Dra and distinguished into sundry particular Names of Schneberg Deubsperg Herieberg Hengsterberg or Heustperg Semering Plaitz The common bounds sometimes of the Countries Noricum and Pannonia The most famous Woods were the Hercyni Caes Tac. Plin. Hercina Claud. It began after Caesar at the Rhiin and the Confines of Helvetia and was continued Eastwards along the course of the Danube unto the Dacii in Transylvania containing then in breadth nine days journey in length more than sixty Parts and remainders of this Wood were all those vast Desarts and Forest of the Daci and Sarmatae whose parts are Martiana Silva were the Woods covering the Hills Abnobi and from their dark shades called Schwartzwald or the Black Wood. The Bacenis of Caesar the Semana Silva of Ptol. now Duringerwaldt or Silva Turingica upon the Borders of Bohemia towards Bavaria Gabreta Silva Ptol. now Behaimer-waldt or Silva Bohemica Mont. the Woods of the Mount Sudaetae towards the W. N. Luna Sylva are the Woods of the Sudetae towards Passaw and the South The Chorography of this great but Heterogeneous Country as was said is divided into many Estates and those Estates absolute or independent For the better Survey of which we will consider Germany in three great Parts Viz. First Germany about the Rhine Secondly Germany about the Danube and Thirdly Germany about the Elbe and Oder Let us begin with Germany about the Rhine and first with the Free County of Burgundy now the French County which is every where so fertile that it is called the Flower of France its chief places are Besancon Civitas Visontiensis Ant. Vesuntio Caesar Visontium Ptol. a fair City of good strength and a University an Archbishops See. 2. Dole Dola Sequanorum a Town of great Strength Riches and Beauty and Famous for its College of Jesuits besides here are numbred 20 Walled Towns and about 160 Lordships This Country was subject to the Princes of Austria of the House of Spain and under the Spanish Government Besancon excepted which was a Town Imperial and belonging immediately to the Empire But in the year 1668 the French King under the pretence of his Wifes Title with a surprizing swiftness conquered it in the midst of Winter in less than fifteen days one of the greatest actions that ever was performed It amazed all Europe and caused the Spaniard to quit their pretentions to the Crown of Portugal However the Treaty of Aix la Chapelle restored it again but first they dismantled all the strong Places and Holds and would have destroyed the rich Salts-pits had not the Interposition of England and Holland prevented but in the year 1674 Gray Wesoul and the loss of other places began the compleat Conquest of that Country by the taking of Besancon Dole Saline c. nor could the Duke of Lorrain and Count Caprara relieve it though they desperately engaged the Enemy at the Battel of Sieren North of Burgundy lyes the Principality or Dutchy of Lorrain Lotharingiâ— Loâ—theringen Lorreign the Duke whereof is a Prince of the Empire and the Country was reckoned a Feodatory thereof And by the Pyâ—â—nian Treaty the said Duke was to be restored to his Dutchy of Lorrain with all the places and Towns which hâ— had possessed in Mentz â—aul and Verdun surprized by Henry the Second King of France and since But France after several new pretencâ—s and quarrels in 1663 Invested Marsal by the Count of Gâ—iche the delivery of which by the Duke of Lorrain tho it calmed the tempest yet after continual Incroachments upon his Jurisdiction
Schawenburg 4. Of Benthem 5. Of Tecklenburg 6. Of Ravenspurg 7. Hoy. 8. Lingen Lip c. The free Cities are 1. Embden the Amasia Ptol. teste Cleverio 2. Herverden 3. Brake 4. Soest 5. Dortmund in the County of Marck 6. Lemgow in the County of Lip. The Title of Westphalia as Ducal is usurped by the Archbishop of Collen ever since the proscription of Duke Henry Sirnamed the Lion. Our second Division of Germany was that of the Danube wherein may be comprehended first Suevia Italis Schwaben Germanis Sovabe Gallis Of the Circle of Suevia or Almaigne THE Circle or Dukedom of Schwaben or Almaigne for by these two Names the ancient Dukedom was called The State was erected under this last Title by Clovis King of the French. The first Dukes were but Governours under the French during pleasure After the division of the French Empire by the Sons of Lewis the Godly and that the Empire was translated to the Germans they became Hereditary The first that transmitted this Honour to Posterity was Frederick the First created Duke of Schwaben or Almaigne by Henry the Fourth Conradinus taken Prisoner in Italy in his Wars against Charles Duke of Anjou and afterwards beheaded at Naples without Heirs was the last Duke of Scwaben and in whom ended the Succession and Family of the Fredericks After this Disaster the Dukedom for want of Heirs falling to the Empire became scattered into sundry lesser States viz. Ecclesiasticks Laicks and Imperial Cities The Bishops are 1. of Ausbourg whose Residence is at Dilling 2. Of Constauce whose Residence is at Mersburg 3. Of Coire in the Grisons Other Grand Prelates are first the Abbot of Kempten 2. The Grand Prior of the Order of Maltha whose Residence is at Heitersheim about two German Miles South of Brisach and Freiburg The Secular Princes are 1. The Duke of Wirtenburg who was raised to Ducal Dignity in a Diet held at Worms 1495. He hath a Country where the Mountains abound in Mines Vines and Woods The Forest of Schwartz-waldt are well stored with Timber-Trees Game and Venison of all kinds the Vallies are a continuation of Meadows covered with Cattel and watered with Brooks full of Fish the Plains are thick set with Gardens like those of the Hesperides His Residence is at Stutgard Stutgardia seated near to the Necker There is no where to be seen fairer Rows of Orange-Trees Grotta's better contrived and beautified Fountains more artificial nor Fruits more pleasant to the sight or tast than here They that have been at Tubing Tubingaâ—ol Augusta know how many Princes Counts Lords Barons and Gentlemen have been bred in that Noble College and University where are excellent Professors in all Faculties principally in those which are worthy of Illustrious persons In this Country are reckoned 63 Cities 158 great Towns 645 Villages 537 Water-mills and 14 Abbeys of large Revenue He hath a fair Militia of Horse and Foot and many Fortresses 2. Of the Marquisate of Baden and Durlach The Marquess of Baden after the death of Philip the last of the Hochbergian Branch was united into that Anno 1503 who dying in the year 1515. His Lands were parted between his two Sons Bernard and Ernest who are now the Heads of two principal Branches into which this House is divided viz. Baden and Dourlach whose Country lies adjacent to the Rhine intermingled up from Basil to Philipsburg a Country pleasant and Soil fruitful chiefer Towns are Baden giving name to the Country and so called from the Hot Medicinal Baths thereof 2. Dourlach the Title of the second Son. 3. Of the Counts of Hohenzolleren The Lords of this House are Hereditary Chamberlains to the Emperors since the time of Maximilian the First Their Castle of Hohenzolleren was ruined by Henrietta Countess of Wirtemberg and Montbelliard but reedified about the year 1480 at which time Philip Duke of Burgundy Albert Elector of Brandenburg Albert Duke of Austria and Charles Marquis of Baden laid the first stone of it using a Tray a Trowel and a Mallet all of Silver 4. The Counts of Fustemberg who are very renowned in History a Prince of the Empire 5. The Counts of Helfenstein having flourished above 1000 years expired some years since 6. The Counts of Ottinguen or Oeting are divided into two principal Branches that of Waldenstein is Catholick that of Ottinguen Lutheran 7. The Fuggers are not very ancient 8. The Papenheims are very famous 9. The Baron of Walburg is considerable Besides these there are some parts wholly belonging to the Empire 10. Constance Constantia seated on the Bodenzee belongeth to the House of Austria Anno 1548 it was out-lawed by Charles the Fifth and is famous for the Council here held Anno 1414 where were assembled the Emperor Sigismund four Patriarchs 29 Cardinals 346 Archbishops and Bishops 564 Abbots and Doctors 16000 Secular Princes and Noblemen 450 Harlots 600 Barbers 320 Minstrels and Jesters The business was the deposing of three Popes Gregory the 12th at Rome John the 23d at Bononia and Bennet the 13th in Spain and setting up Martin the Fifth And the degrading and burning of Hierome of Prague and John Hus without any respect to the safe conduct of the Emperor Sigismund The Bodenzee by Plin. Lacus Acronius Brigantinus is about 8 Dutch Miles in length and 3 in breadth and in its greatest depth at Mersperg about 600 yards At the Island Meinaw in the year 1647 the Swedes digging found a Treasure to the value of five Millions The chief and Imperial Cities of Schwaben are Ausburg or Auspurg Augshurg from Augusti Burgum where Augustus setled a Roman Colony after Claudius Drusius Nero Germanicus had brought it into Subjection Druso Magus of old and afterwards Augusta Tiberia Augusta Vindelicorum Ptol. Augusta Vindelicium Ant. famous for its Magnificence Town-House for being a Bishops See and Imperial 2. Vlm Vlma seated at the meetings of the Rivers Iler Blave and Danube of great state large rich and well fortified being six miles in compass Here the Danube begins first to be Navigable Kempten Campidunum was the ordinary Residence of the ancient Dukes of Swaben and the native place of Hildegardis Wife to Charlemagne Dinkelspiel was often taken and retaken in the late Wars Essinguen is a pretty Town upon the Neckar under the protection of the Duke of Wirtenburg At Hal is made great quantity of Salt. Hailbrun is an Imperial City yet pays the Tenth of its Wines and Grain to the Duke of Wirtemburg Kaufbegeren bought its liberty for â—5000 Livres Lindaw stands upon an Island in the Lake Constance and â—â—joyned to the firm Land by a Bridg 290 Paces long belonging to the Emperor who hath given it the priviledg of coining Money Memingam is very ancient Mulhausen is noted for its Gardens and Mills Nertlingen is remarkable for the Battel which the Swedes lost 1634 where General Bannier was slain and Gustavus Horn taken Prisoner Northausen for its Imperial Assemblies and Turnament held there Rotwiel for
the loss of Martial Guebriant 1643 for being a Retreat to the Cimbri when beaten by the Romans Wimpsel or Winfelun signifying Weibspris for the unheard cruelties of the Huns upon that Sex. Here Fortune triumphed over Valour and Magnus Duke of Wirtemburg died in the Battel 1622. Lastly to name no more Guemund Gaudia mundi noted for its Turnaments and otherdastimes Of BAVARIA THE Circle of Bavaria Bayern incolis Baviere Gallis Baviera Hisp Italis Olim Boioaria Vindilicia is divided into the Dutchy and Palatinate The Dukedom is divided into three parts the Higher the Lower and the Bishoprick of Saltzbourg a district and distinct Jurisdiction of it self The Higher Bavaria is generally overspread with Woods cold and barren The Lower somewhat more fruitful and abundantly more pleasant In the Upper Bavaria chief places are Munchen Monachium or Munick upon the River Iser the Residence of the Dukes of Bavaria and one of the fairest Palaces in Europe enjoying a most sweet and happy Situation among the Woods Gardens and Rivers famous also for its seizure by the King of Sweden who found a vast Treasury herein In the Lower Bavaria are 1. Ingolstat Ingolstadium a noted University founded in the year 1471 and is famous for putting the first Affront upon the King of Sweden in Germany and forced him to raise the Siege by Lewis Duke of Bavaria 2. Regensperg or Regensbergh Ratisbona famous for the Diets held there and for its long Bridg a fair and large City beautified with a great number of Churches Chappels and other places dedicated to Religious uses 'T is a Bishops See and Town Imperial 3. Passaw Patavium Boiodurum Ptol. Ant. and Batava of the Author of the Notitia then a Garison-Town of the Romans the station of the Cohort of the Batavians now a Bishops See seated at the meetings of the Rivers Danube Inn and Ills and divided into three Towns Passaw Instat and Ilstat Donavert was a Free City till the year 1607 at what time it incurred the Imperial Ban or Proscription which was executed by the Duke of Bavaria who brought it into Subjection and holds it still under his Laws Confined withâ—n the Dukedom of Bavaria lies the Archbishoprick of Saltzburg of a dry Rocky and barren Soil some fresher Vallies excepted rich chiefly in Minerals The only Town of Note is Saltzburg Salisburgum al. Juvaria of Ant. Castrum Juvaviensi of the Notitia the Mansion then and fixed Residence of part of a Cohort of Roman Soldiers now an Archbishops See whose Revenues are the largest in all Germany seated upon the River Saltzach where lies Interred the Body of Paracelsus The Country of the Upper Palatinate or Nortgow from the more Northern Situation of it as to the Dukedom is a Country rough and hilly rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron Amberg Amberga Cantiaebis Ptol. teste P. App. upon the River Ills enriched chiefly by the Commodity of Iron digged out of the Neighbouring Hills The Castle of Luchtemburg mounted upon a Hill gives Name to the Lantgraves so called Newburg upon the Swartzach is the place whereof are stiled the Princes Palatine of Newburg The second Branch of the House of the Elector of the Rhine to whom this Palatinate did belong but in the year 1623 the Emperor Ferdinand the Second transferred this Palatinate with the Electoral Dignity from Frederick the Fifth Count Palatine to Maximilian Duke of Bavaria and the Munster-Treaty conferred to Bavaria the first Electorship and an eight place was new erected for Charles Lewis of the Rhine provided that if the Gulielmine Branch happen to fail before the Rodolphine the latter shall re-enter into their ancient Electorship and the new created one shall be wholly abolished The only Arch-Dutchy in Europe is Austria or Oost-reich divided into the Upper and Lower Austria and hath united to it as Hereditary possession of that House the Provinces or Dukedoms of Stiria Carinthia Carniola the County of Tirol with that of Chilly and Marquisate of Windish-Marck Of AVSTRIA THE particular Dukedom of Austria extended on both sides of the Danube is a Country pleasant healthy and abundantly fruitful in Corn and excellent Wines It s chief Cities and Places are 1. Vienna Juliobona Ptol. Vendum Strab. Vindibona Ant. Vnidomana of the Author of Notitia Ala Flaviana Fabiana Heyl. Wien Ger. Wetsch Petz Turcis Berch teste Brown. Viena Italis Wiedun Polonis Widen Bohemii Vienne Gallis the Metropolis of Germany seated upon the South-side of the Danube the greatest River in Europe In Circuit about 5000 Geometrical paces It is Famous for her University for four great Piazza's adorned with Marble Fountains and Statues for its Cathedral of St. Stephen whose Steeple is about 465 foot high consisting of hewen stone and carved into various Figures of Men Birds and Beasts the Emperor's Treasury the Arch-Dukes Gallery the Treasury of the Church and the Sepulchre of Otho The Arsenal the College of the Jesuits the Church and Convent of the Benedictines of the Dominicans and of the Franciscans are worthy of Remarque Within the City there was also the Hochbrug or High Bridg which is made by the crossing of two Streets at equal Angles the ground of one Street being as high as the tops of the Houses of the other so that to continue it they were forced to build a Bridg or Arch in the lower Street to pass over In the Suburbs the greatest Curiosities were the Favorith or the Empresses Garden that of the Bishop and of the Earl of Thaun of the Prince of Ausburg and others the Church and Monastry of the Carmelites of the Augustines the Hermitage of the Capuchins and the Spanish Monastry Remarkable also for plenty of Wine of Craw-fish and Sallets in Winter 'T is likewise accounted the Bulwark of this Country against the Turks being as strong as well Fortified built with part of the Money obtained for the Ransome of Richard the First King of England taken Prisoner in his return from Palestine by Leopold the fifth Duke of Austria Famous for the Repulse it gave Solyman and the whole power of the Turkish Empire when of 200000 Men he brought before it he carried away but 118000 Anno 1529. And as Famous for this last Repulse of September the 12th 1683 for being closely besieged by the Prime Vizier with 200000 Turks Tartars Cossacks and Hungarian Malecontents on the 12th of July 1683 and as valorously defended by that Magnanimous Hero Ernestus Rudiger Count Starenbergh as Governour was then manfully relieved by the Invincible Prince John King of Poland the Electors of Bavaria and Saxony the Duke of Lorrain Prince Waldeck P. Salme P. Louis of Baden and the Marquis of Brandenburgh Baraith c. During this Siege the Turks were said to have lost 70000 and in the Battel more then 20000 men that the Christians lost 10000 or 15000 during the Siege and about 3 or 400 on that great and Signal Victory when the Turks formidable Army was totally
resides Charlsstat is a strong Fort built by the Swedes near the mouth of the River Weser This Country with the Principality of Ferden in Westphalia now belongs to the Swedes by the Treaty of Munster Of Lawenburg THIS Dutchy gives Name to the Princes of Saxon Lawenburg who are Branches of the same House with the Princes of Anhalt It s chief place is Lawenburg or Laubenburg upon the Elb a fine Town but the Castle is ruined and the Duke lives at Ratzeburg though he hath nothing there but the Castle the Town belonging as was said to the Duke of Mecklenburg Of Magdeburg Ditio Magdeburgensis THIS Diocess lies extended on both sides of the Elb betwixt Brandenburg and the proper Saxony The chief Town is Magdenburg Magdenburg incolis Magdburg al. Magdeburg antiquis monumentis Pathenopolis Mesuium Ptol. testis Appiano A Burgraveship of the Empire and Arch-Bishops See giving name to the Country Reedified by Editha Wise unto the Emperor Henry the First and Daughter to Edmund King of England and thus named in Honour of her Sex. Her Effigies in stone is in the Cathedral Church with 19 Tuns of Gold which she gave thereunto though others say it was from the Worship of the Virgin Diana A place of great state large and fair and strongly fortified once the Metropolitan City of Germany famous in the Protestant Wars for a whole years years Siege against the Emperor Charles the Fifth But sacked and burnt by Tilly and 36000 persons put to the Sword and destroyed 1631. and the Town almost ruined 'T was also famous for the first Turnament which was in Germany which was performed here in the year 637. by the Emperor Henry Sirnamed the Fowler These are the chief parts of the Lower Saxony and contain the ninth Circle of the Empire Of BOHEMIA BOiemum Tac. Beiohemum Paterc Bomi Ptol. Boheim Germ. Boheme Galliâ— Boemia Hispanis Bohemia Italis Czeskazem incolis teste Brieto This Kingdom is environed about with Mountains and Forests as it were with Fortifications The Air sharp and piercing the Country rough and hilly rich in Minerals and yielding sufficient plenty of Corn and other necessary Provisions Wine excepted First inhabited by some of the Germans who were dispossessed by the Boii who gave Name unto the Country The Boii were routed by the Marcomanni a people of Germany And these were also ejected by the Sclaves under Zechus Brother unto Lechus the Founder of the Polish Monarchy about the year 649. called in their own Country-language Czechi but named from the Country they seized upon Boiohaemi upon their first arrival This people were Governed by Dukes until about the year 1086. when Vratislaus or Vladislaus was created the first King of Bohemia in a Diet at Mentz by the Emperor Henry the Fourth about the year 1199. Power was given to the States to chuse their Princes before being Elected by the Grace of the Emperors since which time the Kingdom continued Elective though most commonly enjoyed by the next of blood until the Royal Line being extinct the Kingdom was devolved upon the House of Austria Chief Places are Praga Italis Prag incolis Prague Gallis Marobudum Ptol. teste Sans Briet the Capital and Royal City of the Kingdom of Bohemia seated upon the River Muldaw by the Bohemians Vltave it consisteth of three Towns the Old the New and the Lesser 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and University where in the year 1409. were reckoned above 40000 Students under the Rectorship of John Hus. The greatest remarks are the Emperors Palace and Summer-house A fair Cathedral Church built 923. The Palace and Garden of Colaredo The Palace of Count Wallestein Duke of Freidland The Bridg being 1700 Foot long and 35 foot broad with two Gates under two High Towers of Stone at each end Near Prague that deciding Battel was fought Novemb. 8. 1620 between Frederick Prince Palatine of the Rhine Elected King of Bohemia and the Emperor Ferdinand the Second where the Victory fell unto the Imperialists Prague forced to yield and King Frederick and his Queen forced to fly into Silesia Teutchin Broda by the River Saczua a strong place when taken by Zisca who then forced the Emperor Sigismund to fly out of Bohemia Janikaw where was fought that famous Battel of Febr. 24. 1643. between Torstenson and the Imperialists the success gave the Swedes the advantage of proceeding further Czaslaw is the place where Zisca was buried that famous Bohemian General who fought when he was blind and when dead wished his friends to make a Drum of his Skin Guttenburg or Cottenburg is famous for its Silver Mines Egra is a strong City accounted the second of Bohemia and chief Magazine of the Country The Mountains of the Giants in Bohemia called Riphaei or Cerconossi are famous for three things for their Signification and Prognosticks of all Tempests for the rarity of Plants Stones and Gems there growing and for a Spectrum called Ribenzal which is said to walk about those Mountains in the form of a Huntsman Anselmus de Boot tells us that Rudolphus the second King of Bohemia had a Table of Jewels which he calls the Eighth Wonder of the World it was wrought with uch Art that the Jewels which were set together with invisible joints presented a most pleasant Landskip naturally representing Woods Rivers Flowers Clouds Animals c. the like not to be found in the World. The Waters of Carolina al. Karsbad found out Anno 1370. in the time of Charles the Fourth will in a Nights time turn Wood into a stony crust That the Loadstones of Bohemia will give the point of the World but not draw Iron and that a Needle touched with one of those Stones never points directly North but decline eight or more degrees to the last That Mummies as good as any in Egypt have been found in Bohemia a whole man of Myrrh Amber Bones of Giants and Unicorns horns are dig'd out of the Mountains See the Hlstory of Bohemia Bohuslao Balbino Soc. Jes in fol. Prag 1679. Other chief Towns are Pilsen large and Walled Tabor upon the River Lauznitz Koningsgratz Ger. Hradium Reginae Kralowikradetz Boh. Kuttenburg Ger. Kutnahora Boh. Budereiss Ger. al. Budeiowice Boh. Leitmeritz Ger. al. Litomierzitze Boh. To these we may add the County of Glatz upon the Borders of Silesia Of Moravia Marherin or Mahren IS a Country lying open only towards Austria and the South upon the other sides environed with Mountains and Forests plain within and exceedingly populous pleasant and fruitful for Corn Wine and Pasturage The Air somewhat unhealthy being debarred from the cleansing East and Northern Winds Once a Kingdom now a Marquisate subject to the Bohemians an Appendant of that State since Anno 1417. when Sigismund the Emperor gave it to Albertus King of Bohemia Chief Places are Olmutz or Olmuntz Germ. Olmuez Olomucium Olomuncium Latino Holemane Boh. the Eburum of Ptol. teste Pyram Appiano rather Barouua teste Laz. A University seated
of a Channel which Drusus formerly made stands Deventer Daventria Davontria a Capital City being a famous Passage over the Yssel first taken by the Earl of Leicester for the States And in Drent stands Coeverden Coverdia one of the most Regular Pentagons in Europe And Zwol the Suvolla of old Friesland Frissia affords good and strong Horses and Cattel of an excessive bigness It has been Governed by Princes and Dukes and as they say by Kings too who kept their Courts at Staveren Stauria Franiker Franicheria is an University Leuwarden Levardia Leovardum has a Parliament and Dockum Docum the Admiralty of the Province Schelling Schellingia is a small Island upon the Coast wherein are several Towers that give Signals to Vessels Groeningen that has the last Voice in the Assembly of the States-General has but two Cities Groeningen Groninga and Dam Damum Groningen is of that consequence by reason of its Situation on the Frontiers that the Duke of Alva had designed a Cittadel there In the year 1672. the Bishop of Munster not able to take that City yet took several other Towns from the Dutch. The Province is full of Pasturage which affords good stuff for firing The chief Commodities of the Natural growth of these Provinces are Butrer and Cheese the rest being Manufacturies which they make out of such Materials as they fetch out of other Countries But the Commodity that hath been of greatest Advantage to them is Fish and that not caught upon their own Coast neither Their Herring-Trade by computation is worth 450000 l. per Annum And that of Cod-fish 150000 l. Sterling Yearly Generally the people are inclined to Navigation and a Sea-faring Life and many being Born on Shipboard and bred up at Sea know no other Country so that their Natural inclination and necessity of employing themselves that way hath exceedingly increased their Shipping so that 't is thought they are Masters of more Ships and Vessels of all forts than almost all Europe besides But that which is the just Admiration of all Men these Seven Provinces are become greater and more potent than Seventeen in riches and power Nay they have out-done some of the greatest Princes in Europe Their Cities are many and splendid and yet there are more Sects among them than Cities and almost as many Creeds as Heads yet so Wise in their Meetings as never to Discourse of Religion Their Country in general for its Dimensions is fullâ—r of People Cities Towns Castles Forts Bulwarks c. for Military Defence than any one Country in Europe Their Naval Forces prodigious befitting Wonders rather than Words even a terrour to the great Princes of the World. For their Trade it far exceeds that of the Neighbouring Princes and in the Oeconomy of it much more prudently managed To every Town they Assign some Staple Commodity as to Dort the German Wines and Corn to Middleburgh the French and Spanish Wines to Rotterdam formerly now to Dort the English Cloth To Harlem Knitting and Weaving c. which maketh their Towns so equally rich and populous One Miraculous Accident I must not forget because mentioned by all Writers viz. That Margaret Sister to Earl Floris the 4th being about 42 years of Age brought forth at one Birth 365 Children half Males half Females the odd one a Hermaphrodite they were all Christened by Guido Suffragan to the Bishop of Vtrecht in two Basons which are yet to be seen at the Church of Lasdunen the Males John the Females Elizabeths immediately after they all died and their Mother also Of the SPANISH Netherlands The Spanish PROVINCES vulgo FLANDERS by Robert Mordon at the Atlas in Cornhil THESE Provinces are so called because Subject to the Monarchy of Spain It carries also the Name of Flanders from that Province which is the fairest the richest and the best Peopled part Of these Spanish Provinces four are Frontiers of France the Counties of Flanders Artois Hainault and the Dutchy of Luxemburgh Five in the middle viz. The Dukedom of Brabant the Marquisate of the Holy Empire the Signory of Malines the County of Namur and the Dutchy of Limburgh There are also two Feifs of the Empire the Bishoprick of Leige and the Arch-Bishoprick of Cambray The Kings of Spain were once Masters of these Provinces and for the preservation thereof have expended a good part of their Gold and Silver brought from the Indies in the Wars they maintained against the Dutch and French. The County of Flanders Flandria Latinis Vlaenderen by the Inhabitants Flandre French Flandes Spaniards Flandra Italians is so full of People that it seems to be but one great City and the loveliest County in Christendom All along the Coast lie banks of Sand that cover very Rich places In the Neighbouring Sea are several Sands and Shelves nevertheless Ships Ride there safe enough It formerly was divided into Dutch Flanders Gallican Flanders and Imperial Flanders This belonged sometimes unto the Kingdom of West France and held by the Princes thereof under the Fief of this Crown quitted unto Philip the Second King of Spain and to the Heirs of the House of Burgundy by Henry the Second King of France and the League of Cambray In Flanders the principal places are Gaunt Bruges Ipres and Lille Gaunt Gandaurum Ghendt Gand by the French is one of the biggest Cities of Europe But though it have several Rivers that still bring a Trade to it yet has it not the five and thirty thousand Families that Anciently it had when it was able to Arm four and twenty thousand Men. 'T is famous for the birth of Charles the Fifth and of John Duke of Lancaster commonly called John of Gaunt Bruges Brugae is the best Built in the Province and the Citizens are the handsomest and most Gentile in all the Low-Countries The Spaniards who had the Channel of this City stopped up by the taking of Sluce have some few years since made another able to receive Vessels of four hundred Tun. Ostend Ostenda is a Town whose Haven they can never block up and which was once the Theater of War when it held out a Siege for above three years being Garisoned by the English and under Sir Horatio Vere who was then Governour thereof at which Siege the Spaniards are said to have lost one hundred thousand men Ypres has so many Channels and conveyances of Water under ground that it is said the Foundations are of Lead Lille Insula Gal. L'Isle Incol Ryssel or Ter Issel upon Dole the Capital of Walloon-Flanders is one of the best in the Low-Countries by Reason of its Wealth and Commerce All the other places of Flanders are generally considerable either for their Beauty or for their Fortification for eminent Sieges or Remarkable Battels Tournay Tornacum Dornick Baganum of Ptol. Civit. Turnacensium of Ant. an Ancient City is fair great strong rich and well Peopled This was the first Town that submitted to the King of France after a formal Siege
is Dignified with the Ordinary Residence of the King its Chief Ornaments are the Palace of the Louvre so much fam'd abroad The Palaces of the Nobility viz. That of Luxemburg its Palace Royal its Church of Nostredame its University containing five Colleges the Halls of Justice the Courts of Parliament The English held it for 16 years and there Crowned King Henry the Fifth King of France In this Province about three miles from Paris is seated St. Dennis famous for the Sepulchres of the French Kings The Beautiful House of Fountain-Belle-eau esteemed one of the fairest Palaces in Europe As also the Royal Mansion of St. German seated on the Ascent of a Hill seven miles from Paris down the Water And Bois de Vincennes in which Henry the Fifth ended his days Senlis is the chief City of the Dukedom of Valois which gave name to the French Kings of the Second Branch of the Capets which begun in Philip Valois Ann. 1328. in his Reign was fought the Battel of Crecie Anno 1343. where was slain John King of Bohemia 11 Princes 80 Barons 120 Knights and 30000 common Soldiers In Champaigne the chief City is Rheimes Famous for being the place where the French Kings are commonly Crowned and Anointed Therein also is Langres Andomatanum of Ptol. the Seat of the Twelve Peers of France Trois the meeting-place of Charles the Sixth and Henry the 5th Kings of France and England where the Victorious King was espoused to Katherine Daughter to King Charles aforesaid Bretaigne or Britany of old Armorica so called from the Britains who flew thither in the time of the Saxons Tyranny over them in England Formerly the Titles of the Earls of Richmond It s Sea-Port Towns are Brest Vendana Portus seated upon a spacious Bay the Key the Bulwark and best Harbour in France St. Maloes Aletha Maclovium built on a Rock a strong fair and populous City yet often spoiled and damaged by the English Inland Towns are Nants Condivincum Ptol. Cit. Namnetum Ant. seated on the Banks of the Loyre and Rennes Condate of Ptol. Cit. Rodanum Ant. the parliament-Parliament-City for this County Vannes Dariorigum Ptol. Cit. Venetum Ant. Situate on a capacious Bay the chief Town of the Old Veneti Quimper Corentin Corisopitum Ant. Orleance as it comprehends Maine Perch Beauce Nivernois Touraine Anjou the Title of Henry the Second King of England and Earl of Anjou now the Title of the third Son of France Poictou Angonnois and Berry hath these chief Cities 1. Orleance of Old Gennabum of Caes Strab. Cenabum Ptol. Aurelia It s pleasant Situation on the Loire makes it very beautiful and delightful Once the Seat Royal of its own Kings now the Title of the Second Son of France It long felt the force of an English Siege where died Great Montacute Earl of Salisbury On the chief Bridg of this City is the Statue of Joan the Pucelle de dieu or Maid so assistant to the French in Repelling the English and raising the Siege of Orleance May the 12th 1429. Burnt alive by the English Anno 1431. after which time the Affairs of the English grew worse and worse for in Anno 1435. Charles the Burgundian fell off and in 1453. Talbot a man of great Valour and Conduct was slain and nothing was left to the English but Calice of all that the English had got in two and forty years 2. Mans Cit. Cenomannorum by Antonius by Ptol. Vidinum Vendosme which gave Name to Antonio Father to Henry the Fourth 3. Chartes Carnutum Ant. Ptol. Autricum seated on the Loire a fair and pleasant City Dignified with a University for the Study of the Civil Law. 4. Nevers Noviodunum Caesar Nivernum al. Nivernium Ant. upon the Loire Dignified with an Ancient Dukedom 5. Tours Caesarodunum Ptol. Turonum Ant. where the Protestants are said first to have begun in France and were called Hugonots Nigh to this place it was that Charles Martel Father of King Pepin in Anno 732. discomfited an Army of about 400000 Saracens of which were slain near 370000. Blois pleasantly seated and in a good Air where the Duke of Guise the first mover of the Civil Wars and contriver of the Massacre at Paris was slain by the command of Henry the Third 6. Angiers by Ptolomy called Juliusmagus Andeglaevum Ant. of a large Circuit well built seated in a good Air and made a University Beaufort belonging to the Duke of Lancaster nigh which Town was the Duke of Clarence Brother to Henry the Fifth slain 7. Poictiers by Ptolomy Augustoritum Pictavium Ant. a University Famous for the Study of the Civil Law and for greatness said to be next to Paris In the Vine-fields two Leagues from the City was fought that memorable Battel between John of France and Edward the Son of King Edward the III. Sirnamed the Black Prince who with 8000 men overcame the French Army of 40000 whereof 10000 were slain besides Nobles Prisoners taken were King John and his Son Philip 70 Earls 50 Barons and about 12000 Gentlemen 8. Rochel seated on the Acquitane Ocean a place of great Trade and of greater strength before it was dismantled 1627. witness its many Sieges Anno 1570. by Jarvil Anno 1573. by Byron with an Army of 50000. men and 60 Pieces of Artillery 1575. and 76. it was attempted by Landâ—riau in 1577. by Lansac In the troubles of 1585. and 88. it was the Retreat of the King of Navarre and Prince of Conde Her Commodities Rochel-Wine Salt and Brandy Rupella Ant. Mortus Santorum Ptol. 9. Angoulesme Enculisma al. Cit. Etolinensium Ant. 10. Bourges a Town of great strength by Nature and well Fortified by Art Situate in a low Flat amongst deep impassible Bogs and Marshes 'T is an Arch-Bishoprick and one of the best Universities in France called Avaricum in Caesar's time of old Bituricum Ant. Varicum Ptol. Sancerre a strong Town memorable for a desperate and long Siege in the Reign of Charles the Ninth In the Province of Bourgondy once a Kingdom is first Dijon Divionum built by the Emperor Aurelian proud in her Parliament and for giving Birth to St. Bernard seated upon the Soasne Next are Auxerre Antissiodorum Ant. Chalon Cabullinum Strab. Caballinum Ptol. Cavillonium Caesar Castrum Gaballionense Ant. Mascon Castrum Matisconense Ant. seated upon the Soasne the best Hold of King Charles the Seventh in his hard Wars against the English Alize now a small Village formerly Alexia the chief Fortress of Vercingeterix who had 70000 Men in the Town when Besieged by Caesar and an Army of 300000 Gauls at the back of Caesar to relieve their fellows notwithstanding all which the Town was yielded to Caesar and Vercingeterix sate at his feet and became his Prisoner Philip the third Grandchild to Philip the Hardy united to this Dutchy almost all the Belgick Provinces but Charles his Son in the War against Lewis the Eleventh lost his Men Money and Life at the Battels of Granson Morat and Nancy 1476. afterwards this
delicious part and so well Peopled that for 18 Leagues in Length and 12 in breadth it contains above 130 Monasteries well endow'd 1460 Parishes 5000 Fountains of Spring-water two hundred Stone-Bridges and six Sea-Ports some call it the Delight and Marrow of Spain Porto by the Dutch and by the English Port a Port a City containing about 4000 Houses is a place of great Trade and Braga Braecaria Augusta of Ptol. Bracara of Ant. and Braecae of Plia is renown'd for the several Councils that have been held there and for the pretension of the Arch-Bishop who claims to be Arch-Bishop of all Trales-Montes is stored with Mines and adorn'd with the City of Braganca the Capital of a Dukedom of 40000 Duckets Revenue wherein there are also fifty little Towns and other Lands which Entitle the Duke of Braganca to be three times a Marquis seven times an Earl and many more times to be a Lord. The Princes of that Name who are now in Possession of the Crown usually Resided at Villa Viciosa and had a Prerogative beyond the Grandees of Spain to sit in publick under the Royal Canopy of the Kings of Spain Beyra is fertile in Rye Millet Apples and Chesnuts Her City of Coimbra formerly the Residence of Alphonsus the first King of Portugal who enjoyed a longer Soveraignty than any Prince since the beginning of the Roman Monarchy attained to faith Heylin Sapores the Son of Misdales King of Persia whose Father dying left his Mother with Child and the Persian Nobility set the Crown on his Mothers Belly before she was quick came short of him by two years is famous for the University and for the Bishoprick which is reckon'd to be worth above a hundred thousand Livres of Annual Rent Estremadura produces Wine Oyl Salt and Honey which the Bees there make of Citron Flowers and Roses her City of Lisbon Oliosippon of Ptol. Olisipon of Ant. Olysippo of Solynus and Olysipo of Pliny a Municipium of the Romans sirnamed Faelicitas Julia the Royal Seat of the Kings of Portugal an Arch-Bishops Sea the Residence of the Vice-Roys a flourishing Empory situated upon five rising Hills upon the right Shore of the River Tagus Tajo incolis about 5 Miles from the Ocean having the advantage of the Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea. It is said to contain 32 Parish-Churches 350 Streets 11000 dwelling Houses 160000 Inhabitants besides Church-men Strangers and Courtiers and with the Suburbs about 7 Miles in compass the Capital City of all the Kingdom one of the fairest richest the biggest and best peopled of Europe The little Town of Belem which is near to it is the Burying-place of many of the Kings of Portugal Santarim is so happy in the great number of Olives that grow round about it that the Natives boast that they could make a River of their Oyl as big as Tagus It was the Scabaliscus of Ptol. the Scabalis of Ant. and Pliny sirnamed Praesidium Julium then a Roman Colony and a juridicial Resort named from St. Irene a Nun of Tomar here martyred and enshrined Setubal the Salatia of Ptol. is well situated and well built and is a Town of good Trade it is the best Haven in all the Kingdom 30 Miles long and 3 broad her Salt-pits and her Wines by what the Portuguezes relate bring a greater Revenue to their King than all Arragon to the King of Spain Alen teio passes for the Granary of Portugal by reason of the Corn which it produces The City of Evora claims the next place in Dignity to Lisbon In the year 1663 the Portuguezes overthrew the Spaniards in a memorable Battel near to this City Elvas is famous for its excellent Oyls and for the Sieges that it has prosperously held out against the Spaniards Ourique is the place where was fought that famous Battel which occasioned the Proclaiming the first King of Portugal Portelegre is a Bishops See Beja is supposed to be the Pax Julia of Plin. and Ptol. Algarve tho small in extent it assumes the Title of a Kingdom and was reunited to the Crown by the Marriage of Alphonsus the 3d with Beatrice of Castile It produces Eggs Olives Almonds and Wines which are very much esteemed and indeed the word Algerbia in the Language of the Moors signifies a fruitful Champaign Chief Towns are Tavila or Tavira the Balsa of Ptol. and Plin. Faro is seated near the Cuncum Promontorium now Capo St. de Maria. Silves is the ancient Ossonaba of Ptol. the Onoba of Mela the Sonoba of Strabo by the Moors Excuba by the Spaniards Estoy by some Estomber Lagus is seated near the Promontorium Sacrum of Strab. and Ptol. now Cape St. Vincent from the Relicks of the Holy Martyr brought from Valentia by the persecuted Christians flying the Cruelty of Abderrahman the first King of the Spanish Moors removed afterwards to Lisbon by King Ferdinand Of Italy ITALIA by Robert Morden at the Atlas in Cornhil London ITaly Anglis Italia Incolis Hispanis Italic Gallis Welschlandt Germanis Wolska Zemia Polonis Vloska Sclavonice called also by the Ancients Ausonia Camesena Oenotria Hesperia Janicula Salevmbrona Saturnia c. once Empress of the then known World still the fairest and most delicious Country of Europe After so long time so many Ages elapsed it is not certainly decided who were her first Inhabitants nor whether some one Nation did plant here after the Confusion of Babel or that it was peopled by little and little as several Nations did arrive 't is equally dubious whether it received its general Name at first or whether particular Parts had first their Appellations 'T is certain that several Nations at sundry times did transport themselves thither from Greece and Peopled all the Sea-Coast said to be Janus An. Mun. 1925. after whom came Saturn out of Creet Evander or Oenotrus out of Arcadia with their followers after them arrived some Trojans under the conduct of Aeneas whose kind entertainment by Latinus King of the Latins occasioned the Wars between him and Turnus King of the Rutuli but after the Romans grew Potent all Italy fell under their Subjection until the time of Honorius after which several barbarous Nations viz. Goths Vandals Herules and the Huns passing the Alps over-ran all Italy and divided it into several Kingdoms And when these were ejected or at least subdued by the Lieutenants of the Emperor Justinan it was once more united to the Empire till the Empress Sophia envying Narsis Honour recalled him from his Government whereupon he opened the Passage of the Country to Albonius King of the Lombards who possessed themselves of that Country calling it by their own Name Longobardia These were at length subdued by Pepin King of France who was called into Italy by the Bishop of Rome After that the Seat of the Roman Empire being fixed in Germany Italy was reduced into several Parcels and Factions so that the Soveraign Princes thereof at this day are 1. The Pope Pontifex Maximus under whose Dominion are these
which is defended by a Fort built upon a Rock just in the Entrance with an open Port but unsecure Bay for great Ships Clissa supposed to be the Andretium of Strabo and Anderium of Ptol. is a strong Fort more by Nature than Art Situated upon a Rock which stands just in the middle of the Passage between the Mountains which is so narrow that not a Man or Horse can pass by without the License of their Castle It is now in the Possession of the Venetians taken from the Turks 1647. under the Conduct of the Signior Fescolo it is about 8 Miles North of Spalato and 4 from Salona In 1647. Obraozza Carino Ortissina Velino Nadino Vrana Tino and Salona were subdued to the Venetian Arms by the prosperous Success of Foscolo And Sebenico Besieged by Mahomet Techli who was forced to raise the S ege with the loss and slaughter of many of his Soldiers Zegna the Senia of the Ancients Zara the Jadera of Ptolomy strongly Fortified and well Manned of a commodious Situation almost encompassed with the Sea only the East end joyned to the firm Land new very strong being secured by divers Redoubts and 4 Royal Bastions and a new Line of Fortification which makes it the most considerable and strongest Place in all Dalmatia Sehenico is a strong Fortress seated on a rising Hill whose spacious Port is secured by the Fort of St. Nicolas and the Hills by a Cittadel and the new Works of St. John. Salona a Roman Colony and the ordinary Arsenal for their Navies well known in Ancient Stories for the Retreat of Dioclesian and the Garden of his Retirement after he had renounced the Empire Trau Tragurium of Strabo and Plin. is situated between the firm Land and a little Island Bua joyned to the Land by a Stonebridg and to the Island by a Wooden-bridg it is about 18 or 20 Miles West from Spalato Lessina is the Isle which Ptol. calls Pharia Strabo Pharos very high Rocky and Mountainous reckoned about 100 Miles in compass at the South end is a good Haven where is the Town having a Cittadel on the top of a steep Rock The place is noted for the Fishing Trade of Sadelli which are like Anchovies 100 Miles from Zara 30 Miles South from Spalato and 30 Miles North from Lisse Almissa the Peguntium of Ptolomy or Pigantia seated on a high Rock and Defended with a strong Castle now belonging to the Turks teste Baud. Castle Novo a strong Fortress within the Gulf of Cataro taken by the Venetian under the Conduct of General Conaro 1687. Cataro Ascrivium Plin. Ascrivion Ptol. a strong Hold also of the Venetians against the Turks But Mr. Wheeler saith 't is the first Town belonging to the Turks Budua the Butua of Ptol. is the last place of the Venetians on the Dalmatian Shores. Places more belonging to the Turks are Narenza Dulcigno or Vlcinium of old a City of indifferent good Trade where the Franks have a Consul containing about 7 or 8000 Inhabitants Scudari the Scodra of Old strongly Seated on a steep Rock Memorable for the years stout Resistance which it made against Mahomet the Second but taken Anno 1578. by the Turks And Alâ—sio the Lissus of Old the farthest Town of all Dalmatia where Scanderbeg was Buried Of the Commonwealth of Ragusa THIS is a small Commonwealth whose Town and Territories are in Dalmatia upon the Gulf of Venice and which pays Annually to the Turk 50000 Livres as being environed by the Territories under his Jurisdiction and not able to subsist without the Grand Signior's Leave It makes some Acknowledgment also to the Venetians as Masters of the Gulf. It keeps good Correspondence also with the Princes of Italy and endeavours to preserve themselves under the Protection of the King of Spain to whom it pays Tribute in the Person of the Vice-Roy of Sicily The Gentlemen must Marry Ladies if they desire to be accounted Nobles of Ragusa Contrary to the Custom of other Nations they count the Age of Men from the Conception and not from the day of their Birth The Revenue of the Republick is about 300000 Livres The Inhabitants addict themselves altogetheâ— to Trade In the year 1667. a great misfortune befell the City it being almost all swallowed up by an Earthquake Their Principal Port iâ— that of the Holy Cross Santa Cruce about nine miles from the City The chief Governour is called the Rector but his Government lasts but one Month. The Citizens change every day the Governour of their Castle Neither do they let him enter into his Command but in the Night and then they blind his Eyes The Turks have a kindness for the Ragusians because they pay their Tribute exactly and because they have by their means all the Commodities of Europe which they stand in need of They give them those Privileges which they grant to no other Christian for they permit them to buy Provisions in their Dominions For the Country about Ragusa is so Barren full of Rocks and Stones that if it brings forth any thing 't is by means of the Earth which they fetch from other parts The Town is well Built and Fortified with Walls and a Castle a Noted Empory and of a good Trade the Epidaurus of Old. 1. Sabioneera is a Town Seated on a long slip of Land opposite to Curzola belonging to the Republick of Ragusa where are many delightful and fruitful Gardens 2. Santa Croce the Entrance good the Port large deep and secure being every way Land-locked by Mountains round it covered with Vineyards Gardens and Houses of Pleasure of the Ragusians 3. Budua the Bulua of Ptol. is the last place of the Venetians on the Dalmatian Shores. 4. The Gulf of Lodrin was anciently the Gulph of Apolonia where Caesar narrowly escaped with his Life and Fleet. 'T is a dangerous passage about 150 miles over Curzola by Strabo Corcyra Nigro once belonging to the Republique of Ragusa but taken from them by the Venetians by a cunning Exchange The Town is of the same Name and seated upon a Peninsula is a Bishops Seat and Walled besides which there is about five Villages Along the Coast of Dalmatia lies a great cluster of Islands Debronicha Turcis Liburnides Insulae by Strab. the Names of the chief you will find in the Maps most of them belonging to the Venetians which are said to contain 40000 Inhabitants Of SERVIA A New Map of SERVIA BULGARIA en ROMANIA By Robt. Morden SERVA or Zervia as some call it contains part of Moesia Superior and part of Dalmatia of old it had once Kings of its own now extinct It was once under the Hungarian Kings now wholly possessed by the Turks It is now divided into Maritine and Midland Servia teste Joan. Lucio Servia Maritima olim Chulmia now Herzegovina extendeth towards Dalmatia and Albania Servia Mediterranea is divided into two parts viz. Rascia and Bosna It is a Fruitful and pleasant Country consisting of Plains Woods and Hills not
without stout Men good Horses Wines and Convenient Rivers Once well stored with Mines of Gold and Silver but those now decayed or lost and the People gross and Rude addicted to Wine and false in their Promises It s chief places are Belgrade once the Bulwark of Christendom bravely resisting the Power of Amurath the Second and Mahomet the Great repulsed by the Valour of Hunniades at which time Mahomet himself was wounded in the Breast lost his Ordnance and 200 of his Ships destroyed by a Fleet which came from Buda but taken by Solyman 1520. Seated she is upon the confluence of the Danube and the Savus having the great Rivers Tibiscus the Dravus and Morava running into the Danube not far from it as brave a Situation for Trade as any Inland place in Europe It is now adorned with two large Bezesteâ—ns or places where the Richest Commodities are Sold with a Noble Caravansara and Moschea with a Metreseck or Colledg for Students Zenderin Singâ—dunum Ant. Semendera Lat. Simedro Graec. taken by Amurath the Second 1438. Soph. Scupi Ptol. by the Turks called Vrchupia a City of great Trade Seated in the Reinotest part of Servia or Moesia Superior or rather on the Confines of Macedonia It is a fair and large Town having a great Number of Moscheas once a Bishop's after an Arch-Bishop's See now noted for a great many Tanners that make Excellent Leather Great Actions have been hereabouts performed in the times of the Romans especially by Regillianus Hereabouts also stood Paroecopolis and Vlpianum of old Jagodna is pleasantly seated in a fair Country half way from Vienna to Constantinople Halli Jahisar is a considerable place where there is a Church with two fair Towers Lescoa or Lescovia seated upon the remarkable River Lyperitza the Maeaneder of Moesia The Hills between Servia and Mercedonia are a part of Mount Haemus of which the M. Clissura one of the Spurs or Excursions shines like Silver consisting of Muscovia Glass Vrania is a strong Pass which the Castle commandeth and locks up the passage into Macedâ—â—ia The chief Rivers of Servia are 1. Morava Moschius of old is divided into two Streams the one named Morava di Bulgaria the other Morava di Serâ—i which uniting run into the Danaube at Zenderin so that by this River the Commodities of Servia and Bulgaria are carried into the Danube and so dispersed in Hungaria Austria c. Not far from which was that great Slaughter of the Turks by Hunniades who with 10000 Horse set upon the Turkish Camp by Moon-light slew 30000 and took 4000 Prisoners and Remarkable Lyperitza the Maeander of Maesia which Dr. Brown saith that in less than twelve hours they passed it 90 times Of Bulgaria BVLGARIA is a Country generally full of Woods and Desarts the most unpleasant and unpeopled of all the Dacian Provinces but the lower parts not without some Plains and Valleys The Inhabitants of a Natural fierceness yet patient of Toyl and Labour It s chief places are Sophia Procop. Sofia Italis Sophie Gallis the Tibisca of Ptol. teste Nig. Mol. the Seat of a Beglerbeg under whom are 21 Sangiats Seated in a long and fruitful Valley three miles distant from a high Mountain covered with Snow all the year It is Beautified with many fair Hanes and Baths a stately Colledg and fair Mosques Axiopolis Galacz teste Laz. Flotz Merc. Colanamik Baud. on the Banks of the Danaw which from this Town begins to take the Name of Ister Mesembria Situate on the Euxine Mercianopolis much mentioned in the Stories of the Goths for the Fights and Battels they had there with the Emperor Claudius Nicopolis by the Turks Sciltaro teste Leunc Nigeboli memorable for the Founder of it the Emperor Trajan more for the many great Battels fought near unto it whereof one was by Sigismund the Emperor and King of Hungary who with an Army of 130000 Christians Besieged it and Bajazet came to the Relief of it got the Victory with the loss of above sixty thousand Turks killed 20000 Christians and most of the rest took Prisoners The Second between Michael Vaivod of Valachia and Mahomet the Third over whom Michael got a Remarkable Victory Varna the Dionysiopolis of the Ancients on the Euxine Sea Remarkable for the first flight of Hunniades and the Death of Vladislaus King of Hungary 1444. Silistria the Ordinary Abode of a Turkish Bassa Ternova the usual Residence of the Princes of Bulgaria Budina once of great Importance but burnt to the Ground by Hunniades not far from the Old City Oescus Triballorum Acridus the Birth-place of Justinian by the Turks called Giustandil Tomi or Tomos to which Ovid was Banished some say 't is at this day called Tomiswar others would have it to be Kiovia Dinogetia Ptol. Dinâ—gutia Diniguttia Ant. Denigu ex Tab. recens Drimago Nigro Callatia Callacis Ant. Calatis Strab. Plin. Kilia Laz. vulgo Bialogrod Calliacra Laonico Pandalla Nig. Istropolis Plin. Ptol. Istros Strab. Istria Arriano Stravico Castal Grossea Nig. Prostaviza Baud. much subject to the irruptions of the Dobrusian Tartars Of Greece GRECIA Novae Descriptio Per Robt. Morden London GREECE once the most Celebrated part of the World in the present Latitude and Extent thereof hath for its Eastern Bounds the Aegean Sea the Hellespont Propontis and the Thracian Bosphorus For its Southern the Cretian and the Ionian Sea on the West the Adriatick Sea and on the North only United to the rest of Europe by the Mountain Haemus Confined at first to Attica and the parts adjoyning only then called Hellas from King Hellen the Son of Ducalion the Inhabitants Hellenes in Sacred Writ and Greece from King Graecus the Son of Cecrops the first King of Athens communicated afterwards to Thessaly to Peloponnesus then to Epirus and lastly to the Macedonian Empire The first Inhabitants of Greece did live each under their proper Magistrates in several Cities until Philip King of Macedonia clearing his own Country of the Iberians Subdued Achaia Thracia and a great part of Peloponnesus And succeeded by Alexander his Son who retained his Father's Conquests and Vanquishing Darius the great King of Persia and other Kings of India Founded the Grecian Monarchy but in the height of his Successes died being Poysoned at Babylon Afterwards the Romans became Masters of it and after that the Goths and Huns did rather Harrass than Inhabit Lastly the Saracens now the Turks and the Victorious Venetian share it under their Obedience Hence it is that Greece hath lost its former Division of Countries and their Names and received new that which was particularly called Greece is now called Livadia Peloponnesus Morca Thessaly Janna Epirus Canina Macedonia is divided into four parts that next Janna is called Camenolitari that which Borders upon Dalmatia is called Albania that next to Thrace is named Jamboly and the midst of the Country retains its Old Name Macedonia Lastly Thracia is now called Romania The Grecians once a
Mediterranean and the River Euphrates The ancient Greeks were wont to store it with Colonies and the Grand Cyrus did not think his Empire considerable without it For the same Reason have so many Battels been fought either to preserve or conquer it The Ancients divided this Anatolia or Asia Minor into several lesser Parts or Regions viz. Pontus Bithynia Paphlagonia Cappadocia Armenia Minor Cilicia Isauria Pamphylia Lycia Caria Jonia Aeolis Lydia or Maeonia Pisidia Lycaonia Galatia Phrygia Major Minor Misia and Troas Here I had intended to have given a larger Description of all the ancient Names of places c. contained in this Asiatique Turky viz. in Asia Minor Mesopotamia Armenia Assyria Caldea or Babylonia Arabia Terra Sancta Syria c. But having lately purchased six Plates vulgarly called Scriptural Maps viz. First Of all the Earth and how after the Flood it was divided among the Sons of Noah Second Of Paradise or the Garden of Eden with the Countries circumjacent inhabited by the Patriarchs Third The 40 years Travel of the Children of Israel through the Wilderness Fourth Canaan or the Holy Land as it was divided among the 12 Tribes of Israel and travelled through by our Saviour Fifth The Travels of St. Paul and other of the Apostles in the propagating of the Gospel Sixth Jerusalem as it flourished in our Saviour's time I shall therefore here only give you the present State and View of those Countries and refer you to my Description of those Mapâ— which will be a most complete Epitome of the whole History of those Eastern Countries It now contains four Beglegbegs or principal Governments that of Natolia at Cutaye or Cute Turcis teste Leuncl Cutaige or Chiutaie teste Band. Kietahi P. Rycant of Caramania at Cogni or Gogni the Iconium of Cic. Zenop. Plin. of Amasia at Tocat or Siwas or Suvas the Sebastiopolis of Plin. and Ptol. of Aladuli at Marazh or Marasch by the Turks Zulkadie The City of Bursa the Prusa of Strab. Plin. Ptol. Prusias Solino Bursa Belon Buruss Turcis teste Leuncl built by King Prusias who betrayed Hannibal An. Mundi 3297. taken by the Turks A. D. 1300. It was the Residence of the Kings of Bithynia and of some of the Greek Emperors and lastly of some of the Turkish Emperors till they won Constantinople The first of the Ottoman Race were buried there except Solyman the first who would be buried at the Mouth of the Dardanels near Gallipoli It yields to none unless Constantinople either for wealth or number of Inhabitants Nicomedia Comedia Nicor Isnigimid Ismir Turcis teste Leuncl 't is now a place of great Traffick for Silks Cottons Wooll Linen Fruits Pots Glasses and other Commodities Nice or Isnich Nicaea of Strab. Plin. Ptol. prius Antigonia Strab. Olbia Plin. Ancore Steph. Isnich Nichor Leuncl Nichaea Soph. is famous for the first General Council of 318 Bishops Ann. 325. and for the Residence of the Grecian Emperors after the Franks had taken Constantinople Anno 1201. Angouri Angara Leuncl Enguni Turcis Ancyra Strab. Plin. Angyra ex Codice Graeco famous for Tamerlan's Victory over Bajazet Emperor of the Turks and before that for Pompey's Victory over Mithridates and now for good Chamlets Troy Pergamus and Sardis have been Royal Cities Troy renowned for the Ten years Siege of the Greeks whose Ruines also are mixed with the Remains of soâ—â— modern Structures Pergamus by the Turks Bergama is about 60 or 64 miles N. N. W. from Smirna watered by the River Cacus is famous for the wealth of King Attalus who overcame the Galatae or Gallo-Grecians in a bloody Battel was confederate with the Romans against King Philip for the â—â—vention of Parchment for the Birth-place of Galen for its Tapestry and for its being one of the Seven Churches That of Sardis by Hâ—â—â— Meone for the Residence of Croesus and other the Kings of Lydia Sinope upon the Black Sea for its Copper Mines and for the Residence of Mithridates the most formidable Enemy of the Romans Scutari formerly Chalcedon where the 4th General Council was held 't is now a miserable Village with heaps of ancient Ruines and Monuments of destruction Abydos now one of the Dâ—â—danels was famous for the Loves of Hero and Leander and for the passage of Xerxes prodigious Army over a Bridge of 674 Gallies Foglia Vecchia formerly Phocaea the Mother of Marseâ—â—es the firsâ— City which was taken by a formal Siege by Harpagus Lieutenant to Grand Cyrus Smirna Ismir Turcis for Trade by Sea and Land is the most celebrated City in the Levant hither the Western Fleets are bound and from hence the fairest Caravans set out feated at the bottom of a Gulph which is seven Leagues in length defended with a Castle or Fort in such a part of the Gulph that no Ships can escape its Command One of the Seven Churches of Asia at this day a great City but not so great and beautiful as formerly here are the Ruines of the Amphitheater where it is said St. Polycarp was exposed to fight with Lions This City is very populous wherein is reckoned no less than Sixty thousand Turks Fifteen thousand Greeks Eight thousand Armenâ—â—ns Six or seven thousand Jews besides European Christians Smirna is a place of great plenty the Soil abounding with Oil and Wine The Sea affords good store of Fish and Fowl is very cheap But the Heats are very excessive in Summer and would be insupportable were it not for the Breezes that come off the Sea about 10 in the Morning and continues till the Evening but the Plague and malignant Fevers that succeed it are more destructive Over the gate of the upper Castle the Roman Eagles continue still Engraved and a great Head of Stone by the Turks called Coidafa which some think it to be the great Amazon Smirna which gave Name to this City Ephesus Efeso Soph. Figena or Fiena cast Ayasaluck Turcis Rycant During the Trojan War Pliny tells us it was called Alopes then Ortygia by Lysimachus Arsinoa then Morgas then Ephesus 45 Miles from Smirna and about 5 Miles from the Sea upon the River Cayster another of the 7 Churches of Asia Once famous for the Temple of Diana said to be Four hundred twenty five Feet in length Two hundred and twenty in breadth supported with One hundred and twenty seven Marble Pillars Seventy Feet high Two hundred and twenty years a building seven times fired the last time was in the Night that Alexander was born Laodicea more anciently Diospolis one of the Seven Churches now forgotten in its Name and overwhelmed in its Ruines which are by the Turks called Eskihisar not far from a place called Dingizlee inhabited by Greeks seated upon the River Lycus Philadelphia another of the Seven Churches by the Turks Alashaher or the fair City is yet adorned with Twelve Churches which profess the Christian Faith. 'T is seated on the Rising of the Mountain Tmolus and watered with the River Pactolus And
Life Tragical his Death desperate After whose Death the Kingdom was divided into 2 parts half of it had the title of Ethnarch the other half divided into 2 Tetarchies Archelaus banished and dying in Exile his Ethnarchy was reduced into a Roman Province and the Government committed unto Pontius Pilate by Tiberius Caesar under whom our Saviour the Holy Jesus did suffer Death when the Jews cried out his Blood be upon Us and Ours A wish not long after effected with all fulness of Terror for the Calamities of the War inflicted by Gallus Vespasian and Titus exceed both Example and Description and destroyed about 110000 Thousand People The Land destroyed and on every Head an Annual Tribute imposed The Jews were quiet until the Reign of Adrian when again they raised new Commotions being headed by Berochab their counterfeit Messiah but Julius Severus Lieutenant to Adrian razed 50 of their strong holds and 985 Towns and slew five hundred and fourscore Thousand so that the Countries lay waste and the ruined Cities became an habitation for wild Beasts and the Captives were transported into Spain and from thence again exiled in the year 1500. In which Interval of time the Country inhabited by other People about the time of Constantine embraced the Christian Religion But in the Reign of Phocas the Persians overran the whole Country of Palestine inflicting unheard of Tortures on the patient Christians No sooner freed from that Yoak but they suffered under a greater by the execrable Saracens under the Conduct of Omar who were long after expulsed by the Turks then newly planted in Persia by Tangrolipix When the Christians of the West for the recovery of the Land set forth an Army of 300000 Godfry of Bologne the General who made thereof an absolute Conquest and was elected King of Jerusalem in the 89th year of that Kingdom and during the Reign of Guy the Christians were utterly driven out and destroyed by Saladine the Egyptian Sultan who held it until Selymus the first Emperor of the Turks in the year 1517 added the Holy Land together with Egypt unto the Ottoman Empire under whose power it now is governed by two Sanziacks under the Bassa of Damascus one residing at Jerusalem the other at Naplous It is now for the most part inhabited by Moors and Arabians those possessing the Vallies these the Mountains some few Turks many Greeks with other Christians of all Sects and Nations some Jews who inherit no part of the Land but live as Aliens in their own Country The Chorographical Division of Canaan This Land of Canaan within Jordan was divided into 5 principal Parts or Provinces vix 1st Jewry in the South where King Davids Throne was set and the Holy City built comprehending the two Tribes of Judah and Benjamin 2d Samaria in the midst the chief Seat of the 10 Tribes of Israel containing the Tribe of Ephraim and the half Tribe of Manasses 3d Galile in the North East where Christ Jesus was very conversant and was divided into the higher and the lower containing part of Asher all Napthali and part of Zebulun 4th Phaenicia on the North-West part of Canaan containing the Sea-coast of Asher and Zebulun 5th The Land of the Philistins upon the West of Canaan whose Country was allotted to Judah Dan and Simeon these were always great Enemies to the Israelites and from them was the whole Land called Palestine The Land of Canaan without Jordan possessed by the Amorites who had diven out the Moabites and Ammonites contained 3 principal parts 1st part of the Kingdom of Sihon King of the Amorites in Heshbon taken from the Moabites which was given to the Reubenites 2d The Land of Gilead which contained part of the Kingdom of Sihon taken from the Ammonites and part of the Kingdom of Og King of Bashan which was given to the Gadites 3d. The rest of the Kingdom of Og with half Gilead and the Region of Argob was given to the half Tribe of Manasses All which are delineated in the Map as also the Names of the Chief Cities and Towns in each Tribe Once a Country so fertile that it was called A Land flowing with Milk and Honey adorned with pleasant Mountains and luxurious Vallies neither scorched with Heat nor pinched with Cold. The Wealth and Power of it so Great the People Cities and Towns so Numerous that there was no Country in the World that could compare with it But now remains a fearful Monument of Divine Vengeance a sad and dismal Mirror for all other like sinful Countries to view their Destiny by Jerusalem though fallen from her ancient Lustre deserves still our Remembrance Once her Kings her Princes her Temple her Palaces were the Greatest the Richest the Fairest and most Magnificent in the World. Once a City Sacred and Glorious the Seat of Infinite Majesty the Theatre of Mysteries and Miracles the Diadem in the Circle of Crowns and the Glory of the Universe but now Icabod It was ruined by Nebuchadnezzar Vespasian and Titus utterly razed it and destroyed above Eleven hundred thousand People To describe this Country in all its Circumstances to speak of its Laws Religions its Divisions Wars and Alterations to write of all the various Transactions that have hapned in it would require a Volume of itself I shall therefore leave it to my aforesaid Description of this Part of the World where I shall give a more particular Geographical and Historical Relation of its Cities Towns and other memorable Transactions which will be a very useful and necessary Introduction into the Principia ' of ancient Geography and History Of ARMENIA MAJOR GEORGIA c. ARMENIA GEORGIA COMANIA By Rob t Morden ARmenia is divided by the River Euphrates into two parts Major and Minor. The greater Armenia is by the Turks call'd Turcomania by the Persians Thoura Emnoe or Aremnoe by the Nestorians Zelbecdibes by Sanson Curdistan by Cluver Papul and Curdi The ancient Inhabitants were the Mardi and Gordiaei now the Turcomans and Curdes The first are said to be descended from Turquestan in Tartary from whence came the Turks The later are descended from the ancient People of Assyria Ptolomy divided Armenia into four principal parts which contained 20 Provinces and 87 Cities Pliny accounted 120 Strategies Governments or particular Jurisdictions of every Province A Country much better known and more famous in ancient Time than now The Advantage of its Bounds the Nature of its Situation the Magnificence of some of its Kings among which Tygranes Son-in-law to Mithridates King of Pontus hath been the most Famous its Greatness Government and Riches much contributed to its Renown In this Country are the Heads of four Rivers Euphrates Tygris Phasis and Araxes Euphrates Perath Moses Frat Nicolaio Morot sou Turcis from one side of the Mountain Mingol falls this River which divides Armenia and Mesopotamia from Asia Minor Syria and Arabia descends into Chaldea where it waters the ancient Babylon and joins with Tygris somwhat below
Bagdat Tygris Hidekel Ebraeis Tegil Castal Pinero Diglath Josepho descends from the Georgian Mountains falls into divers Lakes loses itself divers times in the Earth cuts through the Mountains separates Mesopotamia from Assyria washes the Ruines of Niniveh receives the Branches of the Euphrates and diseharges itself into the Persian Gulph Phasis or Fassa hath its Head in the same Mountain with the Euphrates and runs its Course towards the North and after it hath passed 100 Bridges falls into the Euxian Sea. Araxes Arass Achlar Leunc Cajacz Thev runs Eastward and joins itself with Kur or Cyrus whose Rise or Spring is from the other side of the Mountain Mingol and then falls into the Caspian Sea. Since these Rivers have here their Springs Sanson tells us That if there yet remains any marks by which we may discover the place where the Terrestrial Paradise was placed it was rather in this Country than in any other But Sir John Chardin makes the River Phasis to arise from the Caucasus Mons about 350 Miles distant and to run South into the Pontus Euxinus The Armenians are generally of a healthy strong and robustious Bodies their Countenance commonly grave their Features well proportioned and of comely Personage but of a Melancholy and Saturnine Air. In their Humors Covetous and Sordid Heady and Obstinate of a dull and stupid Apprehension unless in Merchandize and Trade Yet 't is observed That those that are brought up in other Countries are of a more acute Understanding pleasing and merry in Behaviour but the Women are commonly ill shaped long nosed and not so much as tolerably handsom Ric. Armenia was conquered in the Year 1515. by Selimus the First and annexed to the Ottoman Dominions yet the Armenians pretend they cannot be made Slaves by reason of certain Priviledges which their Predecessors obtained from Mahomet when they assisted him to settle his Empire upon which consideration most of the Merchants of Turky go by the name of Armenians The Armenian Church is Ruled by four Patriarchs the chief of which resides at Etchmeasen Ric. Ecs-miazin Chard Changlee Chilse by the Turks or Ouch Chilse from the Three Churches which are there built in a Triangle about two or three Leagues from Rivan or Erivan The chief Places now are Erzirum Theodosiopolis P. Gillio Sinera Minadaio Aziris aliis a Frontier Town and Great Thorough Fare the Residence of a Basha The Houses are ill built of Wood without any Order or Proportion where are some Remains of Churches Tavineer tells us That though it be very cold yet Barley grows there in 40 days and Wheat in 60. Erez after Garisoned by Mustapha was taken by Storm and was Witness of Emirhamz first Contest with the Turks Cars Carse or Charsa Leunc a large City but thin peopled seated in a good Soil the Rendezvous of the Grand Signior's Army A days Journy from Kars are to be seen the Ruines of a great City called Anikagee strongly situated in a Mersh Tav Rivan or Erivan is seated in a plentiful Country now belonging to the Sultan of Persia being taken by Sha Sefi who put all the Garison to the Sword. 'T is famous for its Trade of Silks and plenty of Wine not far from this City are to be seen the Ruines of the ancient Artaxata the Seat of the ancient Kings of Armenia teste Tavernier So that Teflis in Georgia cannot be the Artaxata of the Ancients as in our Geographical Dictionaries Nassivan or Nachavan the Nexuana of Ptol. according to the opinion of the Armenians is the most ancient City of the World three Leagues from Mount Ararat the place where Noah lived after he came out of the Ark. There is seen the Ruines of a great Mosque which they say was one of the most stately Buildings in the World erected in memory of Noah's burying place In the Canderan Plains not far from Nassivan was fought a memorable Battel betwixt the Turks and Persians where both the Emperors Selym and Ismael were present Van the Artemita Plin. Artemitta Strab. Artemidita Ptol. is a great City upon the side of the wide Lake Arcissa or Arsanias now Lake de Vastan seated on the Top of a high Mountain and is the Seat of a Turkish Beglerbeg Betlis by some said to be the Tigranocerta of Plin. Tac. belongs to a Bey or Prince of the Country who neither acknowledges the Grand Segnior nor the Persian Sultan It is situate between two high Mountains guarded with a Castle and Draw-Bridge The Bey besides the strength of his Passes is able to bring above 25000 Horse besides Foot into the Field Near this place the Persians obtained a great Victory over the Turks in which were slain five Sanziacks 800 Janizaries 20000 Soldiers 40 pieces of Cannon taken and Solyman's Seraglio in which were Beauties he not a little doted on when Ebrahim Bassa was strangled by a Mute Old Julpha or Zulfa was the ancient Habitation of the Armenians which Sha Abbas carried into Persia and is thought to be the Ariammene of the Ancients Astabat a League from the Aras the onely Country that produceth the Ronas Root whose use is to dye Red and for which there is a vast Sale all over Persia and India Marante is famous for the burying place of Noah's Wife Sophiana is more like a Forest than a City The Convent of St. Stephens near Naksivan was the retiring place of St. Matthew and St. Bartholomew in the time of their Persecution a noted place for Devotion Of GEORGIA Between the Black Sea and the Caspian lies Georgia so called by the Grecians from the word Georgoi which signifies Husbandmen Some will have this Name derive itself from that of St. George the Patron Saint of all the Christians of the Greek Church Under the general Name whereof we comprehend Mingrelia Gurgistan Zuiria and Comania Provinces which the ancient Romans could not subdue by reason of the ruggedness of the Mountains which were known to the Ancients by the Name of Caucasus made famous by the Fable of Prometheus Mingrelia with Avogasia are the same with Colchis or little more Famous for the Amours of Jason and Medea and for the Conquest of the Golden Fleece by the Argonauts Gurgistan is the ancient Iberia Zuiria answers to the ancient Albania and Comania or Carcassia composeth some part of the Asiatic Sarmatia on the South of Don. The ancient Kingdom of Colchis was not so small as now 't is reckoned when it extended from the Palus Maeotis as far as Iberia whose Capital City was also so called where our modern Geographers place Fasso The Corax and Phasis famous Rivers in ancient History now called Codours and Rione serve for its Bounds in Length 110 Miles in Breadth about 60. It is now divided into three parts viz. Mingrelia Guriel and Imiretta Mingrelia Odische Incolis is a Country full of Hills and Mountains Vallies and Plains almost covered with Woods The Air is temperate but very moist and unwholsom in regard of
the Mausolea the Temple dedicated to Anaia or Diana and of the Ruines of it at this day called Chilmanor or Chehelminor Vide Herbert's Travels Comeshaw where Sir R. Shirley was once Commander thought to be the Caunaxa where the memorable Battel betwixt Artaxerxes and Cyrus his Brother was fought Others think it the same which Pliny called Paradona or Orebatys of Ptol. Near Gheez is a narrow Strait the Mountains on either side are very precipitous and vastly high not more than 40 Yards broad and 8 Miles long and is one of the three noted Passages through the Mountain Taurus which leads to Hircania through this Strait the fair Amazonian came to Alexander Periscow Herb. Firuseuch Val. is noted for the abundance of Pheasants and other Game for Hawking Asharaff Herb. Escref de Val. is about two Miles from the Caspian Sea in Latitude 38 degrees 17 minutes due North from Ispahan Here Sha Abbas gave Audience to Sir Dodmore Cotton the English Ambassador and is but 5 Miles from Ferrabaut the Hircanian Metropolis Ferrabaut or Estrabut upon the Caspian Sea some take this for the Remains of the old Amarusa some for the Socanda Ptol. others suppose it to be the Phraata which Marcus Antonius besieged when he invaded Media to be revenged for the death of Crassus the Rich who with 30000 of his Men were slain by Phraartes the Paâ—â—hian Omoul by some Zarama by others Zadracarta where Alexander refreshed his Army in the persuit of Bessus the infamous Bactrian others think it to be the Remains of Nabarca where the Oracle of Dreams was famoused The Inhabitants observe six or seven several Sabbaths At Damaon the Jews inhabit in great Numbers having as they report been seated ever since the Transplantation from Canaan by Salmanasser 〈◊〉 2 Kings 17.6 And also say that upon the Damoan Mountain Noah's Ark rested Tyroan seems to be the Rhazunda of Strab. a City of about 3000 Houses The Women are lovely and curious in Novelties but the Jealousie of the Men confines them yet vetitis rebus gliscit voluntas Susa or Shushan everywhere famoused was one of the three Royal Palaces â—he Median Monarchs so much gloried and delighted in was the place where Ahashuâ—rus kept his Court and some other Kings Alexander there espoused Statyra the Persian Princess and Daughter of Darius and Ephestion her Sister Here he made a Feast for 9000 Guests to each of which he gave a Cup of Gold. Here he got 50000 Talents in Silver and 9000000 Millions of coined Gold now Valdac or Baldach P. Venet. Sustra Cast. Souster Sans seated upon the River Choaspis a River of such account with the Persian Emperors that no Water but of Choaspis no Bread but from Assos in Phrygia no Wine but the Chalybâ—nian in Syria no Salt but from Memphis in Egypt could please their Palates It was called Ulai in David Eulaeus Plin. Tiritiri Sans Here Cyrus the Great entertained his most beautiful Parthea Here Alexander gave 10000 Talents to pay the Debts of those that had a mind to return into Greece and received a Recruit of 30000 young Soldiers Here it was also that Esther obtain'd so much favor for the Jews and where Haman was hang'd in the place of Mâ—rdecoi It is related that the Palace of Susa built by Darius was enriched by Memnon with the Spoil of the great Thebes in Egypt and that the Stones were fastned with Gold. Next to Persepolis it was reckoned one of the most sumptuous Fabricks of the Kings of Persia but this City is now waste and desolate Congo or Bander Corgo is a City upon the Gulph of Balsara not much unlike Toulon in Provence It rose from the Ruines of Ormus as well as Gombron and there is a Custom-house of which the Persians and Portugueses divide the Profit Laar Corrha Ptol. Laodicea Pynetus Seleucia Elymiadis Appian Lara Baud. Laar P. Venet. gives its Name to a certain piece of silver Mony coined there and contains above 4000 Houses and a little Cittadel Some believe it to be the ancient Pasagardes where the Grand Cyrus vanquished Astyages and translated the Empire of the Medes into that of Persia Calanus an Indian Philosopher suffered a voluntary Death there in sight of the whole Macedonian Army It has been much dispeopled by Earthquakes which often happen in those Parts Larr is the Capital City of the Province which formerly bore the Title of a Kingdom 't is enclosed on both sides with high Mountains being built round about a Rock upon which there stands a Castle where the King keeps a Garison the most part of its Inhabitants are Jews there is no water but Rain-water which doth not happen somtimes for three years together which water standing in the Cisterns so long breeds Worms and whether you strain or boil it there will remain a Foulness and Corruption in it which breeds Worms in the Legs and Feet of Men and J. B. Tavernier saith That at his Return to Paris the fifth time of his Travelling he had one came out of his Left Foot an Ell and half long and another from the Ankle of his Right Foot an Ell long At Jaarown or Gaarom about 20 Farsangs or 60 English Miles from Larr the Inhabitants are most Jews who tell us they are of the Issue of Reuben Gad and the half Tribe of Manasses who by Tiglath Pilasser were carried Captive to this place 2 Kings 17.6 And that the Off-springs of Dan Zebulon Asher and Naphtali were planted at Damoan Near this place is a precious Liquor or Mummy growing carefully preserved for the King 's sole use It distills only in June from the top of those Mountains a most redolent Gum sovereign against Poyson a Catholicon for all sorts of Wounds Tauris the Ecbatana of the Ancients the Metropolis of the Empire of the Medes by the Turks Taberyz by Ezra Achmetha is a great City and well peopled the general mart for Turky Moscovy the Indies and Persia for all sorts of Merchandize especially Silks Anno 1514 the Grand Signior Selym sent a Basha with an Army and ransack'd it 1530 Solyman invaded it with so much Fury that it flamed many days Reviving again it was made prostrate to Ebrahim Basha's Luxury 1534. But 1585 it groaned under the greatest Suffering when Osman Basha Slave to Amurat perpetrated all manner of Cruelty In the Year 1638 it was almost ruined by Sultan Amurath but now Re-edified the Buildings of Brick being baked in the Sun. At this City are seen the Ruines of stately Structures or great Mosques or Temples of a prodigious Height and Magnitude In one dedicated to Diana the great Artaxerxes sequestred the fair Aspasia whose Beauty made him and his Son Competitors Here are dressed the greatest part of the Shagreen Skins that are vended all over Persia Casbin Cazbyn Herb. Kazvin by the Persians The Arsatia of the Ancients or Arsisaca of Strabo Here Parmenio was killed and Ephestion Alexander's Favorite dyed and a Monument erected upon which was
those common Barretors and Authors of Debate were not known among them And the ignorance of Vice did as much contribute to their welfare as the knowledge of Virtue doth to others The first grand attempt of these People of which we find any mention was when the Chazari or Chozars in the time of the Emper Iustine overspread all that vast continent between China and Boristhenes conquered part of India all Bactria Sogdiana and made the Persians Tributaries and possessed also Taurica Chersonesus called by them Cassaria or Cazaria The residence of their Prince was about the mouth of the Wolga which the Tartars called Athel a large City of great trade by Nassir Eddin called Belanjar and by him and Abulfeda placed in 46 Deg. 30 Min. N. Latitude which is within a few minutes where Olearius makes Astracan and doubtless may be that which he calls old Astracan These Chazari did continue till about Anno Chr. 900. at which time they gave place to the Comanians or Cumanians a Turkish Nation who inhabited all that Tract of Land from the Neiper unto Turquestan these were almost totally destroyed by the Tartars soon after the death of Ingiz Chan or Cingis Chawn under the conduct of Batu or Bathy Nephew to Hocata the Tartarian Emperor only the King Kuthen escaped with 40000 men into Hungary where they had a Country allotted them called to this day Campus Cumanus Bathy having destroyed the Comanians established his own Dominions and fixed his abode on the East of the River Volga and built a place and called it Serai which was a great and populous City the Ruins whereof are now called Czarofsgorod But when Tamerlan who was Vice Roy or General of those Countries comprehended between the Oxus and Iuxartes had extended his conquests towards Balch and Chorasan the Aria of the Ancients Thuotamisch then Emperor of Serai filled with jealousies of his growing greatness gathered a great Army to invade him whom Tamerlan met on the borders of his own Country and after a most bloody sight gained the Victory after which Success Tamerlan having subdued great part of India Persia Media Armenia Mesopotamia Babylonia and Syria resolved to requite the Invasion of Thuctamish whereupon with an Army of 500000 Men he marched through Media passed the Portae Caucasae now Derbent and over Volga and at last encountered with Thuctamish The Battel was long and doubtful three days without intermission at last Thuctamish was defeated and fled leaving his Country exposed to the fury of his Enemies who demolished Seraie with other Cities on the north and west of the Caspian Sea and leaving the Country a desert they returned into Persia After this devastation these Tartars by discords fell into several divisions and Tamerlan dying his great Empire was also divided amongst his Children so that Tartarie is now divided into several Hords or Tribes but the knowledge we have of them is so little the Ataxie or disagreement and confusion of Authors that write of them so great that I am not a little doubtful what to write of them that may be of any certainty for the Readers satisfaction however in this obscurity we shall follow the light of the best reputed Geographers and say that the Asiatick Tartarie is divided into five great parts The Desert Tartarie Zagathy Tarquestan Northern Tartarie and Kin Tartarie The Desert Tartarie is so call'd because most part of the Lands lie untill'd for the Tartars are a people that hate Agriculture and laugh at Christians for feeding on the Tops of Reeds for so they call our Corn The Inhabitants are divided into several Tribes or Hordes of which the more considerable are 1. the Nogajan Tartars or great Nagoy whose Country is all plain and desert 400 or 500 miles in length between Astracan and Samara and 200 miles in breadth from Astracan to Yeike or Iaick River it hath no fenced Towns or Habitations though formerly there were divers especially that of Czarofsgorod said to have been 20 miles in Circuit seated between the Rivers Volga and Actabon in a fertile and healthful Country and Astracan placed on a rising ground not far from the mouth of the Volga about 50 miles distant from the Caspian-Sea guarded with a strong Castle and encompassed with Water These Tartars are said to be more Tall and Proper than the rest but ill favoured broad Faces flat little Noses small hollow Eyes and of Blackish or rather Tawny Complexion The heat of the Sun for some months of the year is most excessive and the Cold in the Winter no less extream Polygamy is much in fashion amongst them having many Wives according to their ability if one Brother die the other takes all his Wives and if all the brothers chance to die then the Wives are devolved like other Goods and Chattels unto the Eldest Brothers Son not suffering a Married woman in any wise to go out of the Kindred When they remove their Habitation which is usually against the Summer and Winter they carry their Houses in Waggons with four Wheels drawn by Camels 2. On the North of great Nagoy dwell the Kalmuke Tartars in a Country abounding with all things necessary for a comfortable subsistance Their chief Commodities are Sables Martens Black Foxes Squirrils-Skins and other Furs which they exchange with the Russes for Aquavitae Mead and Tobacco Their Chief places are Siberia the head of a Province as also is Tumen Casan and Bulgar are the chief Towns of the Zavolhenses and towards the North lie the Samoides all subject to the Russes the Kalmakes are accounted good Soldiers and their Women are little inferiour in Skill and Valor They own no religious worship except some adoration to the Sun and Moon and for their Diet Horse-flesh is a great dainty and any Carrion is good fare 3. Next to the great Nagoy towards the East is Cassachy Horda or Wild Tartars who march up and down the Country which is very desert much after the manner of the Nagoise 4. Eastward from the Kalmukes towards the South live the Yurgeacheans being a numerous and warlike People governed by a Chan or King. 5. The Caragans lie all along the Caspian-Sea between the River Yaike unto the River Iaxartes a desert and barren Country the People miserable poor very Tawny and ill Favoured having no Town except Presslannes on the south side of Iaxartes Most part of Desert Tartarie is under the jurisdiction of the Duke of Moscovie and yield him great store of rich Furs Zagathy Sacathy Usbeck or Ouzbeg contains the ancient Mergiana Bactria and Sogdiana Mergiana by Pinetus is called Tremighen by Gastald Jeselbash A Country so fruitful in Corn and Wine that Strabo reports how one bunch of Grapes presented to Alexander filled a Baket two Cubits about which encouraged him to found that City Alexandria afterwards Antiochia and Selucia since Indion In this Country some think Noah planted soon after he left the Ark and that he or some to his Memory built the City Nissa
though others pretend Bacchus to be the Founder of it and that from hence Nimrod and his Followers departed into the Vale Shynaâ— which lies between the Rivers of Iaxartes now Chesel and Oxus a Country of different soil and indifferent fertile but much augmented by the Industry of the Inhabitants who are the most ingenious of the Western Tartars lovers of Art and well skill'd in Manufactures and Trade The City of Sarmarchand the Marcanda of Ptol. Paracanda Strab. was both the Cradle and Grave to Tamerlan the Great who adorned it with an Academy as is also Bochar Bactria of old Bactra before that Zoroastes and Zoroaspa probably from Zoroaster their first King slain by Ninus A Town of great Trade where lived Avicen one of the most famous Philosophers and Physicians of the East there are also Balch and Badaschian on the Frontiers of Chorozan Sogdiana was a province subject to the Persians Here Cyrus built the old Cyroscata or Cyropolis which held out a long time and was almost fatal to the great Macedonian Conqueror but by him destroyed in revenge of so great a danger Not far from which that Infamous Regicide Bessus after his perfidious dealing with his Prince was apprehended and brought bound to Alexander who abhorring his sight ordered he should be delivered to Oxates the brother of Darius to be disposed of as he should think fit Here also was Alexandria Oxiana and Alexandria Ultima Tarquestan lies east from Usbeck and is subdivided into several Kingdoms of which the best known are Cascar or Hiachan Chialis or Turphan Chiartiam Cotam Thebet or Tenduc and Camul That of Cascar is the richest and is well stored with Rhubarbe That of Ciarthtam is the least and sandy but hath many Jaspers and other Stones Those of Cotam and Chialis have Corn Wine Flax and Hemp. Thebet or Tanguth is stored with Musk and Cinamon whose Kings were formerly called Un-Chan or Prester John a Title now erroneously conferred on the Abassine or Ethiopian Emperor in Africa for Presbyter John was chief of the Kingdom of Tanchut or Tanguth which the Tartars call Barantola the Sarazins Boratai and the Natives Lassa which is by the consent of all knowing persons seated in Asia next to the confines of the great Mogul amongst the Mountains of Caucasus and Imaus It was in the year 1248 when King Lewis was in the Island of Cyprus at Nicosia that Ambassadors from one of the Tartarian Princes whose Name was Ercalthay informed the King that the Great Cham of Tartary had about three years before been baptized having been converted by the Empress his Mother and Daughter of a King of the Indians She having always been a Christan and that their Master Prince Ercalthay who had also for a long time been a Christian was sent by the Great Cham with a potent Army against the Calife of Baldac an Enemy of the Christians The Name of Presbyter John denoteth some Christian Prince whose Dominions are placed by the consent of most knowing Persons not among the Ethiopians nor in any part of Africa as most suppose but in the Continent of Asia but in what part formerly 't was is not exactly known Some Authors say they were Kings of Cathay which is doubtful because 't is now discouered by modern Relations and Travels into those parts that all Cathy is but the Northern part of China But it is more than probable that besides that portion of Land there is another large part of the World conterminate on the north and west unto the Empire of China which in former Ages had the Name of Cathay and is the same with that of Thebet by some called Begargar c. as aforesaid which clearly appeareth by a Voyage of two Fathers from China to the Mogor who tell us that at Weâ—ala a Castle at the end of Barentola the Great Lama or Priest did then reside and gave an account of their Christian Religion And to me it seems further confirmed by a Journy made into the Western Tartary Anno 1683. By the Emperor of China we have this account of those People In all the Western Tartary there is nothing to be found but Mountains Rocks and Vallies there are neither Cities Towns or Villages nor Houses The Inhabitants lodge under Tents in the open Fields which they remove from one Valley to another according as they find pasture They pass their Life either in Hunting or doing nothing As they neither Plow nor Sow so they make no Harvest They live upon Milk Cheese and Flesh and have a sort of Wine not much unlike our Aqua-Vitae with which they are often drunk In short they care for nothing from morning to night but to drink and eat like the Beasts and Dâ—oves which they feed They are not without their Priests which they call Lamas for whom they have a singular veneration in which they differ from the Oriental Tartars the most part of whom have no Religion nor do they believe any God. This part of Tartary lies without the prodigious Wall of China for more than 300 Miles of which Wall saith our Author I can say without Hyperbolizing that the Seven Wonders of the World put together are not comparable to this Work. And all that Fame has spread concerning it among the Europeans is far short of what I myself have 〈◊〉 He also tells us that divers of the Petty Kings of the Western Tartary came from all sides for 300 Miles and some for 500 Miles together with their Wives and Children to salute the Emperor That this Country is divided into 48 Provinces and now tributary to the Emperor of China 〈…〉 which all Authors conâ—ound with a nonsuch Cathay 〈◊〉 divided into several parts of which I am able to say nothing in the way of Chorography nor much in History only I find that the King of Niulhan or Niuche called Xunchi conquered China at twelve years of Age with the Faithful assistance of his two Uncles a young Conqueror not only famous for his Success but also for the Moderation which he used to his newly subdued People And 't is certain that these Tartars know of no Cities or Towns beyond the wall of China therefore Cathay can be no other than the Northern part of China and Cambalu is Pekin and Quinzey answers to Hancheu The Northen Tartarie which is called the true ancient Tartarie is the coldest most untilled most barbarous and most unknown of all Some amongst them have their Kings others live by Hords or Commonalities As for their Names 't is easie to give what names Men please in parts wholly unknown But in the year 1682 the Emperor of China made a Voyage into the Eastern Tartary In this Journy saith the Father Verbiest who was the publisher of it we always went towards the North East from Pekin in all 1100 miles to the Province of Leao-tum the way being about 300 miles the Capital City whereof is Xin-Yam in the Latitude of 41 Degrees 56 Minutes a
born Asmere is famous for the Sepulchre of Hogi Hendown Bando and Janupar are three Provinces near Agra and Delli Rotas is one of the strongest places in Asia Brampore Baramatis Ptol. is a great City but much ruined with a Castle in the midst of it of a great Trade for Calicuts some painted with Flowers of divers Colours others white and clear and some striped with Gold and Silver Chytor is a City upon a high Rock claiming Precedency for Antiquity amongst all the Cities of India of old Taxilla supposed to be the Metropolis whence King Porus issued against great Alexander After which Battel Alexander celebrated the Bacchanalia at the Mount Maeres and for 15 days glutted his Army with those mystick Fopperies and constituted his Argyâ—aspides And at Nyssa built by Bacchus upon the Bank of the Hydaspis a Branch of the River Indus Alexander reposed famous in those days for the Sacred Mount and incomparable Vines there abounding which some think to be the first Plantation of the Patriarch Noâ—h Scronge and Chitpour are of great Trade for painted Calicuts called Chites those of Seronge are the most lively Colours and lasting Hallabas or Elabasse the Chrysoborca in Plin. by some Nisua teste Herb. is a great City upon the Confluence of Jeminy and Ganges which River there is no broader than the Seine before the Loure and at some times in the year so little water that it will not bear a small Boat much resorted to by the Bannyans for the Relicks of divers deformed Pagothia's These Bannyans swarm in multitudes all over the Indies sucking in the sweetness of Gain by an immeasurable thirst and industry But the Moors and Gentiles often ravish it from them for the Bannyan is no Hestor nor Fighter but morally honest courteous in Behaviour temperate in Passion decent in Apparel abstemious in their Diet industrious in their Callings charitable to the Needy humble to all and so innocent as not to take away the life of the smallest Vermin believing the Transanimation of Souls into Beasts a Persuasion though strange to us was not to our Country-men the Druidae of old Elora not much above three hours from Doltabad is famous for the many Pagods of Gigantick Figures of Men and Women cut in the Rock so that if one considers the number of spacious Temples full of Pillars and Plasters and the many Thousands of Figures all cut out of a Natural Rock it may be truly said That they are Works surpassing Human Force The River Ganges having received an infinite number of Brooks and Rivers from the North-East and West discharges itself by several Mouths into the Gulph of Bengala making several pleasant Islands containing many Towns covered with lovely Indian Trees Patna is one of the greatest Cities of India upon the Banks of Ganges about two Leagues long where the Hollanders have an House because of their Trade in Salt-petre Daca is a great Town about two Leagues long by the side of Ganges where the English and Hollanders have very fair Houses for their Goods and Trade reckon'd the Capital City of Bengala At Ouguely is the general Factory of the Dutch and at Kâ—ssen Baser is the House of the Director of all the Holland Factories in Bâ—ngala Kachemire Cachmir and Kichmir Thev is esteemed the little Paradise of India by reason of its Beauty At Banareus upon the Banks of Ganges and Jaganate upon the mouth of it are the ch ef Pagods than which nothing can be more magnificent by reason of the quantity of Gold and Jewels wherewith they are adorned and millions of People repair thither to celebrate their Festivals Bengala famous for its temperate Air for the Fertility of the Soil for the great store of Rice for its Cane or Bamboo's and its Calamba wood which yields the most pleasant scent in the world It gives its Name to one of the most famous Gulphs of Asia called Golfo de Bengala the Sinus Gangeticus of Ptol. It s yearly Revenue paid to the Mogul comes to a Million and 500000 Roupies clear the chief City thereof is Bengala by some Satigan Gange Ptol. Ganges Strabo Thevenot calls this Province Oulesser the Idolaters Jaganat Besides these Countries I find mention made by Mr. Tavernier 1. Of the Kingdom of Bouton of a large Extent famous for Musk Rhubarb Wormseed and Furrs and the Caravan is three months travelling from Patna to Boutan the way being generally through Forests and over Mountains which after you have passed the Country is good abounding in Rice Corn Pulse and Wine They have had for a long time the use of Musquets and Cannon and their Gunpowder is long but of great Force The Natives are strong and well proportioned but their Noses and Faces are somwhat flat and there is no King in the world more feared and more respected than the King of Boutan 2. Of the Kingdom of Tipra adjoining to Pegu of whose extent there is no certain Conjecture to be made there is a Mine of Gold but course as also a sort of course Silk which is the greatest Revenue the King hath 3. Of the Kingdom of Asem which is one of the best Countries in all Asia producing all things necessary for human sustenance yet Dogs flesh is the greatest delicacy there are Mines of Gold Silver Lead Iron and store of Silk and Gumlake Kenerof is the Name of the City where the King keeps his Court and at Azo are the Tombs of the Kings of Asem and 't is thought that these are the first Inventers of Guns and Powder which from thence spread into China They have Vines but make no Wine but dry their Grapes to make Aquavitae and of the Leaves of Adam's Fig-tree they make Salt. The Men and Women are generally well-complexioned but swarthy subject to Wens in their Throats as well as those of Bouton and Tipra They go Naked only covering their Privy Parts and a Blue Bonnet or Cap upon their Heads with Bracelets upon their Ears Arms and Legs The PENINSULA On this side GANGES INDIA on this side GANGES by R. Morden Cancer THis Peninsula is comprehended between the Mouths of Indus and Ganges and advances Northwards from the Estate of the Mogul to Cape Cormorin in the South and on the East and West it is washed by the Ocean or Indian Sea. It is divided into two parts by the Mountains of Gata which stretch themselves from the North to the South with several fair Plains on the top and occasion several Seasons at the same time for many times it is Winter on the one side and Summer on the other It belongs to above fifty Kings the potentest of which by degrees subdueth the rest The Portugals English and Hollanders have several places near the Sea with Fortresses for the security of their Trade which is generally in Spices Jewels Pearls and Cotten-Linen The other places upon the Land are inhabited by the Natives whose Petty Sovereigns not being able to hinder the Settlement of the Europeans
they obtain'd leave to raise a Cittadel which was the first Fort they had in the East-Indies but that Fortress was taken from them by the Hollanders in the year 1662. The Prince of Calicut calls himself Zamorin a Prince of great power and awe and not more black of colour than treacherous in disposition Many deformed Pagotha's are here worshipped but with this ordinary Evasion That they adore not Idols but the Deumo's they represent And the Dutch General who was Cook of a Ship Crowned the King with those hands which had oftner handled a Ladle than a Sword And exacts a Tribute from all the Kings of Malabar but most of them are dispens'd withall from paying it Besides this Prince there are in this Country the Kings of Cananor Tanor Cranganor Cochin Coulan and Travancor and 10 or 12 other considerable ones Cochin Colchin of Ptol. Herb. not much inferior to Goa pays Tribute to the Hollanders who keep the Castle The Harbor is pester'd with Rocks and Shelves Coulan has been much richer and better peopled than it is for it had formerly above 100000 Inhabitants Sopatpa in Arrian and Coâ—â—y in Ptol. Zamoryn valu'd it for its Situation for its Port and its Fidelity Since that the Sands having stop'd up the Port Goa and Calecut have got all the Trade from it Cananor Calligeris Ptol. teste Castal holds also some Islands among the Maldives viz. the Isle Malicut and the five Isles of Diavandorow Onor the Hippocura of Ptol. teste Baud. produces a weighty sort of Pepper and Black Rice accounted better than the White Baticale and Gersopa further in the Land are the Capital Cities of their Kingdoms included under the general Name of Canara To Malabar joins the fishing Coast called the Coast of Manar where they fish for Pearls in April for three weeks together The Country which contains about 30 little Cities is dry and Sun-burnt having no other advantages but by the Fishery for which they keep a Fair at Tuticorin The most part of it is under the Nâ—ic of Madure the Hollanders possessing only the Island of Kings where they have built a Fort and to which there is no coming but by a Chanel for the defence whereof they have rais'd several Works for conservation thereof being of so great importance to them by reason that thereby they are Masters of the Banks of Manar There is also found some Amber-greice and heretofore near to Cape Comâ—rin a Cape well known of old by Ptol. called Cory Calligicum by Strab. Conomencina by Plin. Calusca Colaicum Comar by Arrian in his Periplus Comara extrema or Cape Comryn there was a Pearl found that weighed above 30 Quintals Coromandel or Corobander Cartagar damna Ptol. so called from the abundance of Rice which it produces is famous for the best Ports of India The City of Meliapore Malipur incolis St. Thomaso Lusitanis Mâ—lange Ptol. or the Calurmina of Sophron. and St. Thomas's Anglis where that Apostle wrought many Miracles and where as their Traditions he foretold the coming of White People into that Country It is observed that the Off-spring of those that Martyr'd St. Thomas have one Leg bigger than the other â—â—liour is seated upon a small River having five Foot of Water at the Mouth of it which is about Cannon-shot from the City but small Ships had rather harbor themselves at Pelicate and the great ones at Nâ—gaâ—â—tâ—n which with Meliapor belongs to the Portugalâ— Pâ—licate besides the Town there is a Fort called Geldria that belongs to the Duâ—â—h where they have their chief Factory and where lives the chief Intendent over all the rest that are in the Territories of the King of Gâ—lâ—â—da In the Fort are generally 200 Soldiers besides Merchants The Bastions are well stored with good Guns and the Sea comes up to the very Wall of it Tavernier tells us That when the Inhabitants fetch their Water to drink they stay till the Sea is qâ—â—te gone out then digging holes in the Sand as near the Sea as they can they meet with fresh Water About 7 or 8 Leagues off is Fort St. George which belongs to the English whose Port or Harbor is called Madraspatan The Kingdom of Golconda is a Country abounding in Corn Rice Cattel and other Necessaries for Human Life and Bagnagar is the Name of the Metropolis commonly called Golconda which is the Name of a Fortress about two Leagues from it The City is said to be little less than Orleance seated upon a River which near to Mâ—slipatan falls into the Gulph of Bengala over which River there is a stately and fair Bridge into the City which is adorned with the King's Palace and the Houses of the great Lords and other Persons of Quality the Merchants and Tradesmen living in the Suburbs which are a League in length In this City is to be seen the Foundation of a magnificent Pagod which had it been finished had been the fairest in India there is one Stone which is an entire Rock of such a prodigious Bulk that 5 or 600 Men were five years before they could hew it out of its place and they say that 1400 Oxen were employed to draw it away The Men and Women of Golconda are well proportioned and of comely statures only the Country people swarthy there are said to be 20000 Licensed common Women about the City and Suburbs The present King descended from an ancient Family of the Turcomans is a Mahumetan and of the Sect of Hali and pays the Mogul an annual Tribute of 200000 Pagods Maslipatan is a great City and the most famous Road for Ships in the Gulph of Bengal the Argaric Gulph of old from whence they set Sail for Pegu Siam Aracan c. where Bloom saith the English have setled a Factory Concerning the Kingdoms of Narsinga and Bisnagar which some Authors make two distinct Countries though some others confound them together I shall give you this account That formerly the Territories of the Raja of Narsinga extended from Cape Cormorin all along the Coast of Cormandel as far as the River Guenga that falls into the Bengalan Gulph near the mouth of the Ganges the other Raja's being his Subjects that the last Raja who was at War with Ackbar the Mogul brought into the Field four Armies the first lay in that Province which is now called Golconda the second was quartered in the Province of Visapour the third in Brampore the fourth in Doltabat This Raja dying without Children the four Generals divided amongst them the Country but the Successor of the Mogul conquered again that of Brampore of Doltabat and part of Visapour but the King of Golconda became Tributary to him as was said before so that 't is very probable there are no such Cities as Narsingue or Bisnagar Tavernier in his Travels makes no mention of them The last Relations tell us that Gandicot Tav Guendicot Thev is one of the strongest Cities in the Kingdom of Carnatica about 85 Leagues from Meliapour and
1200 from Goloonda And that the greatest Raja on that side Ganges is of Velour whose Territories extend to Cape Cormorin and who succeeded to some part of the Estate of the Raja of Narsingue but in regard there is no Trade in his Country he is but little known to Strangers Thevenot tells us That the Usurpers were but three viz. of Viziapor of Bisnagar or Carnates formerly called Narsinga and Golconda Thus these Kings clashing together the Kings of Viziapor and Golconda warred upon the King of Bisuagar and seized upon several of his Towns so that he was constrained to flie into the Mountains and that his chief Town was Velour The Winter begins at Golconda in June with Rain and Thunder the Air was little cold at Night and in the Morning and in February the great Heats begin Vines are plentiful there and the Grapes are ripe in January They have two Crops a Year of Rice and many other Grains Some Relations make mention of the Naiques of Madure the Helura Ptol. Mundiris Arriano Modusa Plin. Tanaior and Gingi the Orthura Ptol. teste Baud. Orissa Castal of the Kingdom of Messur next to that of Madure but give us little of Remarque with Certainty Of the Peninsula Beyond GANGES A New Map of INDIA Beyond GANGES By R Morden THis Country in the elder Times was so Renowned for Wealth that one Tract of it had the Name of the Silver Region the other of the Golden Chersenese yet in truth the Country itself was but little known in the Times of the Ancients or the Interior part of it to us in these days Our latest Discoveries tell us 't is dismembred and subdivided into almost as many Kingdoms and Estates as Cities and Towns and into as many distinct Governments as there are Tribes and Nations amongst them the chief Cities of which are Pegu Triglipton or Trigliphon of Ptol. by Castal which was very considerable when it comprehended two Empires and 26 Kingdoms and then it was that Gold Silver Pearls and precious Stones were as common in the Court of Pegu as if the whole Orient had brought all its Riches thither But what its Revenues what its Government what its Forces and Riches now are I do not certainly find On the North of Pegu near Bengala is the City and Kingdom of Arachan now said to be subject to the Great Mogul Siriangh or Sirejang is a strong Fort on the mouth of the River given to the Portugals by the King of Arachan who at last were forced to yield it to the King of Ana by whom the Governor was cruelly Tortured on a Spit Sandiva is an Island about 30 Leagues in compass very fruitful once subdued by the Portugals but taken from them by the King of Arachan Anno 1608. 2. Siam of which our last Relation tells us That 't is a Country plentiful in Rice and Fruits The Forests of large Bamboo's are full of Rhinocero's Elephants Tygers Harts Apes and Serpents with two Heads but one has no motion The Rivers are very large and overflow the Banks when the Sun is in the Southern Tropick The Capital City is Siam the Sobanus or Cortacha of Ptol. about 3. Leagues in Circuit and walled the River running quite round it and in the Year 1665. fortified with very good Bulwarks by a Neapolitan Jesuit whose Port Town is Bancock six Leagues from the Sea. The Natives are all Slaves either to the King or the great Lords they have a great many Priests called Bonzes very ignorant yet greatly reverenced they hold the Transmigration of Souls into several Bodies and say That the God of the Christians and theirs were Brothers They have 33 Letters in their Alphabet and write from the Left to the Right contrary to the Custom of other Indians Their King is one of the richest Monarchs of the East and styles himself King of Heaven and Earth though Tributary to the Tartars as Conquerors of China He never shews himself in Publick above twice a Year but then in an extraordinary Magnificence He hath a great kindness for Elephants counts them his Favourites and the Ornaments of his Kingdom and styles himself King of the White Elephant for which there hath been great Wars between him and the Peguan King. Martaban said to be the Triglipton of Ptol. on the Gulph of Bengala once subject to Pegu now to Siam once a Kingdom now of a great Trade especially for Martabanes which are Vessels of Earth of a kind of Porcelain varnished with black and much esteemed in all the East 3. Malacca the Aurea Chersonesus of old in the Peninsula whereof are divers Kingdoms all which except Malacca are Tributary to that of Siam Tenasseri Juncalaon Quedda Pera and Malacca are on the Western part Ihor Puhang Patane Burdelong and Ligor are on the Eastern Coast Malacca the Tacola of Ptol. teste Alph. Adriano aliis Tacolais Juncalaon is the most famous being great rich and powerful An. 1511. the Portugals took it and kept it till 1641. when the Hollanders took it from them Among the Rarities of the Malacca or rather of the World is the Arbor Tristis which bears Flowers only after Sun-set and sheds them so soon as the Sun rises and this every Night in the year 4. Camboja Forte Pytindra or Pityndra of Ptol. on the River Mecon 60 Leagues up the River once one of the three prime Cities in this part of India The King thereof is or lately was Tributary to Siam whose Manners and Customs the People much resemble In the year 1644. four Holland Ships made into this River and got out notwithstanding all the opposition of the King of Camboja 5. Chiampa which communicates its Name to the Country said to be a distinct Kingdom It is seated near the Sea-side and of good Trade for the Wood called Lignum Aloes by some the Town is called Pulo Caceim Cochin China is said to be one of the best Kingdoms in all India it borders upon China of which it was once part and whose Manners Customs Government Religion and other Ceremonies they yet retain but their Language is that of Tonquin Among the Rarities of this Country is First The Inundation which in Autumn covers with its Waters almost all the Country making the Earth so fruitful that it brings forth its Increase twice or thrice a year Secondly Their Saroy Boura or matter wherewith the Swallows make their Nests which being steeped and moistned in Water serves for Sauce to all Meats communicating a variety of Taste as if composed of several Spices Thirdly Their Trees called Thins the Wood whereof remains uncorruptible whether in Water or Earth Sansoo is one of the greatest Cities of Chochin China and greatest Trade but now the Port failing it decays Haifo or Faifo is remarkable for its Forest of Orange and Pomgranate Trees Dinfoan is a good Port but of a difficult entrance Tachan is an Isle where the Fowls retire during the Heats Boutan is a good Haven Checo Kekio or Kecchio
wind and weather Niencheu Kincheu Chucheu Kinhoa Vencheu Ningpo and Xoahing all chief Cities and bravely adorned not far from Ningpo lies Liampo once much frequented by the Portugals The whole Province of Chekiang is every where cut through with Rivers Rivulets and murmuring streams some natural others artificial The chief River Che which gives name to the Country of which they tell us that annually upon the eighteenth day of the eighth Moon which is our October a prodigious Spring-tide happens roaring extreamly in its ascent beyond the loud murmur of Cataracts or Water-breaks and comes with a head high and strangely mounted above the Waters The Province of Nanking by the Tartars called Kiangnan is the second in honour in magnitude and fertility in all China It is divided into fourteen great Territories having Cities and Towns an hundred and ten Nanking or Kiangning being the Metropolis a City that if she did not exceed most Cities on the Earth in bigness and beauty yet she was inferior to few for her Pagodes her Temples her Porcelane Towers her Palaces and Triumphal Arches Fungiang Sucheu Sunkiang Leucheu Hoaigan Ganking Ningue Hoeicheu are also eminent Places and of great Note and Trade The Province of Quantung lies along upon the Sea-shore having many convenient Havens and Harbors It contains ten Counties and eighty great and small Cities Quancheu or Canton by the Portugals is the Metropolis and chief of the Province exceedingly beautified with Pagodes Palaces stately Structures and Triumphal Arches fortified with strong Walls Towers Bulwarks and Redoubts defended by five Castles Of the greatest Trade and the richest in the whole Kingdom The other great Cities are Xaocheu Hoeicheu Chaocheu Chacking Liencheu and Luicheu The Island of Ainan or Hainan is reckoned for the tenth County it lies in the Bay of Tunking separated from China by a Chanel of about five leagues broad where they fish for Pearls it chief City is Kiuncheu or Ingly fortified with strong Walls handsom Buildings and well seated for Trade and the whole Island produceth all Necessaries for human sustenance Southwards of Canton lie many small Islands in the Sea on one of which or rather a little Rock joyned to a great Island lieth the City Macao once possessed by the Portuguese so naturally fortified that 't is almost invincible being defended with two strong Castles against the attempts of an Enemy The Province of Quansi in Bigness plenty of Merchandise and pleasant Fields may compare with the rest It is divided into eleven great Countries which contain ninety eight Cities great and small the chief whereof is Quilia full of stately Structures other chief Cities are Gucheu Kingyang Cincheu Nunning Taping Chingan and others The Province of Quicheu is divided into eight Counties having great and small Cities to the number of eighty one of which Quiyang is the chief Chinyveng Tunying Liping are the next considerable The Province of Junnan though the last in place is not the least in extent and goodness viz. in the abundance of rich commodities 'T is divided into twelve Provinces contaning eighty seven Cities great and small besides thirteen Garisons The Metropolis Junnan boasts to be one of the best and greatest Cities in all China flourishing in Trade and Riches adorned with fair Structures and Temples Jungning Likiang Yaogan Tali Manhoa Kinghung and Lancand are other chief places In short they reckon in these Counties twelve hundred ninety nine Towns two hundred forty seven great Cities called Cheu and eleven hundred fifty two little Towns called Hien yet as big an ordinary City in Europe Martinius sets down thirteen hundred forty eight Towns whereof one hundred fifty nine are great called Cheu and the other Hien There are also great Garisons or Military Countries every one with lesser Garisons under their commands thirty seven in number also several Forts and Castles to the number of one hundred seventy six Besides these Towns and Fortresses China is very full of innumerable Villages and Hamlets so that it appears to be as one entire City Corea is divided into eight Territories On the North it joins to Nieuche in Tartary the South respects the Island Fungma or Quelpaerts on which in the year 1653 the Ship Sperwer of Batavia was Shipwracked and of sixty four men thirty six got to shore who suffered many extreamities and there found one of their Dutch Country men that had been prisoner twenty seven years The whole Country is exceeding populous full of Towns built after the Chinese manner whose Fashions Language Letters Religion and Government the Coreans follow It s chief City is Pinjang but by the aforesaid Dutch mens Relations Sioor was the Royal City from whence in the year 1666 in a Fishermans bark in ten days eight of them got to Gotto Island and from thence to Nengesaque on the Island Dysma The Isle Formosa once Paccand now under the Tartars abounds with Deer wild-Goats Hares Coneys Swine and Tygers the Woods with Pheasants and Pidgeons and the Ground produceth Rice Wheat Sugar Ginger Cinnamon Coco-Nuts and several other necessaries for human Sustenance Their chief practice or special Virtues are Theft Murder and Adultery but if any of the Women prove with Child before they are thirty seven years of Age when they are ready to be delivered the Midwife kneads it to death in the womb They Write Read and have Registers In Anno 1654 hapned a mighty Earthquake which continued seven weeks with little intermissions In December and January is generally the fairest Weather Their greatest Rains are in July and August The Mousons or stormy Seasons begin in October and continue till March which is called the Northern the other or Southern begins in May and holds till September Against the North-East part of Formosa lies a rich golden Mine surrounded by many Rocks from whence in August the Rains wash down great store of gold Oar not far from the Fort Kelang which the Dutch had in possession Taywan or Tayovan upon the Isle Formosa the utmost North-point being distant almost a league but the Southermost point within a Bow-shot of the Land it is about two leagues and an half in Length and a quarter in Breadth on the North-side upon a Sand-Hill stands the Fort Zelandia built by the Dutch 1632 under the Castle Westward lies another Fort guarded by two points of the Sea A Bow-shot distant lies a strong Outwork being the Key to the Castle called Utrecht Eastward from which stands the Town built by the Dutch On the other side on the main of Formosa stands the Fort and Village Sakkam well planted with Cannon but in the year 1661 Coxinga and his Associates being a crew of Rebels Chineses took both the Island of Formosa and Tayoven from the Dutch after a siege of ten Months where Coxinga found ten Tun of Gold forty pieces of Ordnance and other things to a great value Of JAPAN JAPONAE ac TERRAE IESSONIS Novissima Descriptio Robt. Morden THE Island of Japan
if it be an Isle is not only one but many for the Coast discontinued with many Inlets stands like a broken Wall and the several falls of Fresh-water-Brooks and Rivulets descending from the upper Grounds with their mixt interweavings both from Sea and Land make a numerous crowd of petty Isles the most spacious and wealthy whereof is Japan by the Natives Nippon formerly said to comprehend fifty three Kingdoms but our later Relations tell us that they are now fallen into the lap of one sole Monarch who keeps his magnificent Court at Jedo This Island extends in length seven hundred and twenty Miles the breadth generally about one hundred and eighty but various The East looks towards Californea in America though four thousand and two hundred Miles distant I am not ignorant that some Geographers have made them to meet others bring them very near together I have two Lunar observations and the co-herence of the Sea-chart with them to strengthen my assertion The Air of these Islands is temperate but for the most part snowy and cold they abound in Rice Pearl and Mines of Silver very much esteemed the Pearls are very large but somwhat inclining to Red. The Country appears more hilly than plain amongst which are two wonderful Mountains one vomiting continually flames the other of a Prodigious height The Palm-Tree that grows there is of a strange quality if true for it endures no manner of moisture at the Roots which is as destructive to them as Poyson To make it to grow it must be set in a hole full of filings of Iron and dry Sand and if any Boughs or Branches are broke or torn off by Winds or any accident if but nailed to the body it will grow as well as if grafted The Japanners are generally tall of Stature and well-set and of a strong Constitution being exercised in all manner of suffering and separated from their Mothers and female Relations believing that nothing makes them more tender and effeminate than to be near Women They much delight in War and are good Soldiers they exercise their Arms at twelve years of Age and their Swords or Scimiters are of an excellent temper They have the most happy Memories in the World a nimble Fancy and solid Judgment They are of a courteous Behaviour and civil Deportment covetous of Honour and Reputation impatient in Affronts and Disparagements But unhappy it is that these excellent Qualifications should stand taxed with as many notorious vices Their Language is very curious wherein they have several words to express one thing some in derision others in honor some for the Prince others for the People Their Customs and Fashions are quite contrary to ours They drink warm or rather hot Water alledging that Cold causes Coughs and diseases in the Stomach but that hot Water preserveth the natural heat opens the Passages and quencheth the Drought sooner To their Sick they minister very sweet and fragrant Potions They never let bloud which they husband as the chariot of Life They esteem black Teeth and mount the right side of a Horse And it is scarce to be believed with what a studied opposition they differ from us but though they differ in common Customs and Opinions yet in the solid work of Government and Authority they act by the same Rule and Policy rising by degrees as we do and ending in a sole Monarch the Emperor who rules not by the Power of his Riches but by the number of Men and is honorably attended in times of Peace at his Royal Palace And in time of War is guarded with a strong and numerous Army The Jesuits Franciscans Jacobins and Austin Friers had made a great Progress in the conversion of the Natives in the year fifteen hundred ninety six for they were reckon'd to be above 600000 Christians But since the year sixteen hundred and fourteen they have been all driven out of the Island and no person dares profess Christianity but in private Spaniards Portugals and Priests are all expell'd only the Dutch are permitted in regard they strictly forbid their People to speak of Religion and by Relation as little to profess it There are several Tones or Princes among them whose Power for the most part is confin'd to a single City And 't is observed that when one of these Tones or Governors lose their Principalities their Subjects lose their Goods The Dayro had once the chief Command of the Japan Empire but since the year 1550 the Dayro hath only the chief command in Ecclesiastical affairs and is esteemed above the Emperor who keeps all the power in his own hand In the center of the Imperial city Meaco stands the glorious Palace of the Dayro which out-shines the Emperors Court the Temple of Bonzi or the stately house of the chief Bonfiosen There is also the Imperial Garden so curiously planted that the Eye seems never satisfied with so pleasant an object This City is said to contain 90000 houses At Dubo not far off is the stately Temple of the Idol Zacca said to contain ninety thousand houses Jedo the second City in Japan is very large and exceeding populous the Streets are 60 Ikins long which is 150 paces at the end is a gate that is locked and guarded every night it is famous for the great houses of the Nobility the Emperors Banquetting-house his Magazine his Seraglio or Chandran the Imperial Garden The Empresses magnificent Palace and the Temple of the Golden Amida but in the year 1657 in two days time this City lay all in Ashes above a hundred thousand houses burnt and as many Inhabitants destroyed a great number of Palaces and Temples and Forty eight Millions of Gold. Saccai is one of the stateliest Cities in all Japan fortified with an invincible Castle and there is scarce any place in Japan that for pleasantness surpasseth Jonda Mewarry is a handsom City crown'd with many Spices Akay is well fortified with a Castle and surrounded with a Wall Osacca is a Stately and Imperial city in the midst of which stands the much celebrated Temple of the Idol Canon or their Neptune And before the Earthquake fifteen hundred eighty five there was the fairest and largest Palace that ever Sun shined upon And a large Castle built by Taicosama Tempe and Campania may not be compared to the pleasantness of Sajoja so exceeding delightful as the Dutch Ambassador tells us that the whole Earth cannot shew a finer spot of Ground Onwari is situate on the hanging of a pleasant Hill near which is a steep Rock on which stands an invincible Castle which is seen at a great distance Quano is the most artificial built City in all Japan Piongo was ruin'd in the War of Kobanunga and the Emperor Cassas Mia is curiously built and adorned with many Temples The stately City Occasacci is fortified with a strong Castle Josinda is of a delightful Situation Sarunga is a great but ruinous City Facione is the place where is kept a strong Guard
the Lixos of Plin. Lixa Ptol. Lix Sol. teste Marm. Arais Africanis once greater than the great Carthage the Royal Residence of Antaeus whom Hercules defeated and from whence he brought the Golden Apples gathered in the Hesperides Gardens is now one of the principal Fortresses of the Kingdom delivered to the Spaniards by Muly Xecque 1610. for which he lost his Life by his own People Habat is one of the most considerable Provinces in Fez its chief Cities are Arzilla Zilia Ptol. Zelis Strab. teste Marmol took by the Portugals 1471 but in the Year 1508 besieged by Muley Mahomet and Oataz who took the City and Castle the Portugals securing themselves in the Tower were relieved and retook the City and Castle retaken since by the Xerifs who at present keep it It was oftentimes the retreat or shelter of Gayland in his Wars against Ben Boucan and Taffilette Tangier Tingi Strab. Plin. Tingis Ptol. Tingios Steph. Tangeri Marmol some Writers tell us it was first built by Phut others say it was founded by Syphax Son to Antaeus slain by the Lybian Hercules and called after his Mothers name Tagena but depopulated and ruined by the Civil Wars amongst the Natives After which the Romans making themselves Masters of the Country re-edified or founded this City which gave name to the whole Country of Fez and Morocco called Tingitana Mauritana under whom it continued until the Goths over-ran the whole Country These were dispossessed by the Africans and Arabians first attempted in vain in the Year 1483 by the King of Portugal but in the Year 1508 it was seized by the Governor of Arzilla for the King of Portugal who strongly fortified it In the Year 1661 it was delivered into the hands of the King of Great Britain Charles II. as part of the Dowry of His Royal Consort Queen Katherine Tettuan or Tetteguin is a well built Town and keeps many Christian Slaves Ceuta remains in the hands of the Spaniards The Mountains or Cavila's of this Province are very considerable viz. Angera for Flax and Timber Gazar Ezzaghir once belonging to the Portugals Chebib much enlarged The Province of Errif is very mountainous and woody abundant in Barley Vines Figs Olives and Almonds Gomer is seated on a River of the same Name Terga drives a Trade in Salt Fish Bedis or Belis with its Castle and Palace maintain some Gallies but much molested by the Fort Pinnon de Velez held by the Spaniards in an Island hard by it Mizemma or Bezuma formerly great and well peopled where the French intended to settle a Factory or Trade Of the Mountains or Cavila's that of Beniguazeval or Benzarael can arm 25000 Men and hath a Vulcano which continually casts out Fire It found a months work for Taffilett's Army after he had taken Fez by Stratagem Susaon is one of the most fruitful and most pleasant places of Africa its People under their Xeque keeping themselves in Liberty Gebha or Gebba is the Sestiaria of Ptol. teste Castal but according to Mol. Cabo de tres Forces is the Sastiaria of old And Cabo de tres Forcas is Metagonium Strab. Metagonitas Ptol. Castal and Cabo de Casasa Mol. The Province of Garret lies upon the Coast of the Mediterranean Sea extending to the River Mulvia which separates it from Teleusin its chief place is Melilla Ryssadirum Ptol. Rusader Ant. Rusardir Plin. teste Marmolio now in the hands of the Spaniards taken Anno 1â—97 by John Gusman Duke of Medina Sidonia Chusasa was taken before by Ferdinand King of Castile c. The Province of Chaus is very large among its Cities Tezza is the chief esteemed the third of the Kingdom adorned with three Colledges 23 Banians many Hospitals and 100 Mosques or Temples and a magnificent Castle 2. Turret seated on a Hill in the midst of a Plain very advantageously enclosed with strong Walls 3. Dubdu on the side of an high Mountain from which many Fountains descend Among the Inhabitants of the Mountains some are rich and others poor some are fruitful in Vineyards some in Fruits and some in Pastures In this Province is the noted Basket-bridge over the River Sebu the Subur of Plin. Ptol. teste Marmol Cast between two high Rocks 150 yards from the Water Gherseluin is beyond the Atlas Mountains Garsis is the Galapha of Ptol. teste Marm. The Kingdom of Morocco with that of Fez contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is divided into seven Provinces viz. Sus Hea Guzula Morocco Teldes Hascora and Ducala and contains the ancient Mauritania Sitifensis C. Caâ—tin is the Usadium Ptol. teste Baud. Marmol makes Usadium to be C. de Alguer Mercat makes Herculis Promontorium to be Cabo Cantin Sus Province lies about the River Sus and extends as far as Cape Non whose chief City is Taradunt where the English and French Merchants have a Staple for their Sugars the onely mart-Mart-Town of all the Country Tifelfeldt is the Tamusida or Thamuside of Ant. teste Marmol Messa seated at the Flux of the River Sus is composed of three little Cities Tedsa accounted larger but not so rich as Taradant Teient on the Sus is composed of three Towns each distant a Mile from the other having their Temple in the midst The Fortress and City of Guarguessen belongs to the Portugals Aguar is a Promontory of great Importance near which is Sancta Crux built by the Portugals Masagan or Mazzagran Cartennae Cast. Mostagan Marm. Circelli Etrobio The Province of Guzula is not far from the Seat of the ancient Getuly it hath many Boroughs and Towns but no walled Cities or Fortresses said by Sansar to be rich in Mines of Gold Brass Iron c. The Province of Morocco the chief City bears the same Name the Bocanum Hemerum of Ptol. Hisp Marueccos Gal. Maroc teste Nig. Curione and was the chief of the whole Kingdom and once the Metropolis of all Barbary at which time it had 24 Gates in Circuit contained 12 Miles and about 10000 Families strongly girt about with Walls and adorned with many publick and private Buildings especially one Mosque accounted the greatest in the World seated in the midst of the City beautified with a stately high Steeple A Castle as big as a Town in the middle whereof is a Temple on the top of whose Tower are three Balls of Gold esteemed worth 200000 Ducats so fixed by Magick as that they cannot be taken away However now much of its Splendor is lost and a great part of the City is deserted and its Trade decayed Agmet once so adorned with pleasant Gardens fruitful Vineyards and fertile Fields that it was called the Little Morocco Elghiumha is but a small place Imegiagen is seated on an high Mountain as is also Temella Tenozze is a Town of some Note The Province of Hea is mountainous and woody inhabited by an idle and barbarous People its chief Cities are Tednest on the River Sauens the Inhabitants most Jews Hadequis
the richest the most populous and fullest of Merchants of all Egypt It is built upon the River Nilus in form of an half Moon But it hath no Walls nor Fortifications only a round high Tower where there is neither Watch nor Ward nor Guns yet memorable for the often Sieges laid unto it by the Christian Armies and the taking of it Anno 12 8 and â—â— 9. The Trade of this City is in Linen and Stuffs of all kinds and Colours Coffee and Rice of which last there is every year above five hundred Ships great and small loaded out for Turkie The pickled Mullets here are highly esteemed all over the Levant The Town is governed by an Aga sent thither by the Pacha of Cairo Mansoura is situate upon the East side of the Nilus Here St. Lewis the French King was taken Prisoner by Sultan Saleh in the History of the Holy War translated out of the French 't is called Kaseâ— It s antient Name I find not by its situation it should be near unto the Tanis of Strabo and Ptol. the Taphnis Ezekieli Pelusium called Belbais by W. of Tyre now Calixene teste Bonacciola was the Birth-place of Ptolomy the Geographer and the Episcopal Seat of Isidore Rosetta Italis Raschit Turcis the Metelis of Ptol. and Mela teste Ben. Tudelensi Bolbitina teste Villano Mol. aliis Canopus But by Ziegler Bocher or Bichieri vulgo C. d. Be ur is the Canopus from Canobus Menelaus Pilot here buried and where stood the Temple of Serapis According to F. Vanslebius Fuva or Fuoa seated upon the East side of Nilus seven hours from Rosetta was by the Greeks called Metelis and in the Copties Dictionary Messil which he saith is very antient a great and considerable Town in a delightful Territory of pleasant Fields and Gardens and that Geziret or the Island of Gold is over against this City At Rosetta the Nilus hath two Branches or Mouths which run into the Sea which are guarded with two Castles that which is about a Mile and a half from Rosetta is a square encompassed with strong Walls built according to the old way having four Towers furnished with seventy four Pieces of Cannon whereof seven are of an extraordinary bigness The other Castle is but a Mosque before it stand seven Pieces of Artilery on the Ground The Waters of Maadie is a Gulph or Pool whose Waters are very salt and comes not from Nilus Benesuaif is the Hermopolis of Strab. and Plin. teste J. Leone the Hermetis and Hermopolis Ptol. Here Pan and Hircus were worshipped teste Zozomeno in Historia Eccclesiastica 'T is now called Ischemunein teste Vansleb Seminaut the antient Sebennis or Sebenit teste Vansleb Sturione Negro is a great Town seated on the West side of Nilus where the Barks that sail for Cairo pay Custom The Custom-house is built upon a Ship in the River Mitgamr is a very beautiful and large Town in the middle way between Damiata and Cairo on the East side of Nilus and over against it is Sitfe a fair and large Town Chana is the Ombri or Ombros Invenal teste Ortel rather Coptes teste Ramusio forty four Miles from Thebae and three hundred from Alexandria Alguechet is the Oasis Magna of Herod Ptol. c. Anasis Strab. Avasis aliis now Gudemez Zieglero El-Eocath or Eleochet is the Oasis parva Azagar Barria Abutich or Albutig is the antient Abydus test Cast Mol. Sues or Suez the Residium of Strabo the Arsinoe and Cleopatris Ptol. teste Zieglero which contains not above two hundred Houses with a bad Port is nevertheless the Turks Arsenal upon the Red-Sea The Haven is small and shallow for neither Gallies nor Ships can enter into it till they are half unladen which is the reason that most of the Vessels lie in the Rode where they are more secure than in the Port. The Governor keeps two small Gallies and some other Vessel to maintain his Authority in the Red-Sea The Commodities of the East Indies were heretofore brought thither and then convey'd into Europe but now the Turks enjoy no more that Commerce by reason of the settlement of the Christians in the Indies The Ships set out from Sues in the Spring and Summer when the North Wind blows the South Winds being most constant in Winter and Autumn Cossir formerly Berenice was the Port whither the Romans ordered all goods to be brought that came from the East Indies which from thence were carry'd the nearest way by the Nile to the City of Coptos now call'd Cana. Buga in the most Southern part of Egypt is a Kingdom according to the Relations of 657 tributary to the Abyssins The antient Town of Arsinoe situated near Fium is totally ruined nothing now remaining but a great many Mountains made of the Ruins and Rubbish of the Town once one of the most great and glorious Cities of Egypt The Monastery of St. Anthony hath no Gate but Men and Beasts are all drawn up over the Wall by a Pulley it hath about two thousand four hundred Acres within the Wall. Siut called in Greek Lycopolis teste Vanst but Baud. tells us Licopolis is now Munia teste Mol. is one of the most famous Towns of the Upper Egypt seated at the foot of a barren Mountain that stands on the West side about half a League from Nilus The Town is great and populous full of Christian Copties where is a Cave cut in the Rock large enough to draw up in Battalia one thousand Horse Tahta is seated near the Ruins of the antient Town Abutig called by the Copties 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 upon the Banks of Nilus about two days journey from Siut towards the South The Monastery of St. Sennodius the Archimandrite sirnamed the White is built near the Ruins of the Antient Town Adribe where are the Remains of one of the most Magnificent Structures that hath been in Egypt Minie is an antient great and fair Town on the West side of Nilus where are made the Bardaques or Water-pots which are so highly esteemed at Caâ—ro Isne Vansl Asna J. Leont the Syene Plin. Ptol. Diod. four hundred and fifty Miles from Alexandria Isvan Asnan or Asuam is the Metacompsa of Ptol. Tacompson Plin. Tachemimpto Mela teste Zieglero Tuot is Eleven Leagues North of Isna on the East of Nilus where is a Temple of the antient Egyptians Arment is twelve Leagues from Tuot now ruined and forsaken where the Egygtians believe Moses was born At Luxor two Leagues from Tuot are to be seen the Remains of an antient and beautiful Temple in which are seventy eight Pillars of a prodigious bigness and at the old Luxor is an antient Palace whose Ruins shew that it hath been very glorious Bethsames was one of the chief Cities of Ramasis or Goshen Abydus now Abutich once the Royal Seat of Memnon renowned for the Temple of Osiris and the Statue of Memnon The chief Lakes in Egypt were Mareotis now Lago de
The last Kings of Tombote were reported to have great store of Gold in Bars and Ingots The Kingdom of Guâ—lâ—ta affords Millet Genehâ—a is rich in Cotton In that of Agades stands a City indifferently well built Borno formerly the Country oâ— the Garamanâ—es is inhabited by a People that have all things in common every particular person acknowledging them for his Children which are most like 'em the most flat nos'd being acconuted the most beautiful They of Senega trade in Slaves Gold-dust Hides Gums and Civets The Negro's there are very strong and therefore bear a better price those of Guiny are good but not so strong for which reason they are usua ly put to work within doors 'T is the Proverb That he that would have good service from a Negro must give him little Meat keep him to hard Labor and beat him often To the South of Niger lie several little Kingdoms that of Melli with a City containing six thousand Houses Gago abounding in Gold. Zâ—â—râ—g considerable for its â—rade Zâ—nfara fertile in Corn. To reckon any more of their Towns would be as tedious as unnecessary as being neither well peopl'd nor of any Trade And indeed all these Kingdoms and People are so little known that 't is not worth the time and pains to speak more of them I shall only say That the Arabian Geographer tells Wonders of Ghana or Cano of its Greatness Riches and Trade of its King Government Palace c. But how far to be credited must be left to those who have been in those parts the Portugals and Hollanders having been the chief Traders on these Coasts Of GVINY Giny is a long Coast of Land contained between the Cape of Sirra Leone on the West and the River Camerones on the East containing about seven or eight hundred Leagues in length and not above one hundred or one hundred and fifty in breadth It is divided into three principal Parts called Maleguete Guiny and Benin Under the Name of Malaguete is contained all that Land between the Capes of Sirra Leona and Palmâ—s and is so called from the abundance of Mâ—leguete a sort of Spice like Pepper but much stronger than that of India and of their Palm-trees they make Wine as strong as the best of ours Guiny extends from Cape Palmas to the River Voltas it is the largest and best known of all the three Parts its Coast from Cape Palmas to Cape three Punctas is called the Ivory Coast that which is beyond it is called the Cold Coast where are the Kingdoms of Sabou Foetu Accara and others The Kingdom of Benin which is the third Part hath more than two hundred and fifty Leagues in length Cape Formosa dividing it into two parts its principal City so called is esteemed the greatest and best built of any in Guiny the King thereof is said to keep five or six hundred Wives The whole Coast of Guiny is subject to such excessive heats that were it not for the Rains and the coolness of the Nights it would be altogether unhabitable It furnishes other Countries with Parrats Apes White Salt Elephants Teeth Hides Cotton Wax Ambergreefe Gold and Slaves The Natives are reputed to be presumptuous Thieves Idolaters and ver superstitious keeping their Festisoes day or Sabbath on the Thursday there is Saint George of the Mine built by the Portugals but now in the possession of the Hollander as also the Ports Nassau Cormentin and Axima To the English among others belongs Cape Corse and to the Danes Frederic's burgh The best City that belongs to the Negro's is Ardra toward the Coast in Benin 〈…〉 Govern'd by a King who sent an Embassador to Paris toward the end of the year 1670 for the settlement of a Trade The Baboons in Guiny do the Natives very great pieces of service For they fetch Water turn the Spit and wait at Table c. Nubia is three hundred Leagues in length and two hundred in breadth It preserves some remains of Christianism in the old Churches and in their Ceremonies of Baptism The Nubians are under a King who always keeps a Body of Horse upon the Frontiers of his Kingdom as having potent Enemies to his Neighbours the Abâ—ssius and Turkish Historians credibly relates that an Army of one hundred thousand Horse was rais'd and lead against one of the Governors of Egypt by a King of Nubia Out of this Country the Merchants export Gold Civet Sandal-wood Ivory Arms and Cloath The Nubians trade chiefly with the Egyptians of Caire and other Cities of that Country They have a subtile and penetrating Poyson an ounce whereof is valued at a hundred Ducats Insomuch that one of the principal Revenues of the King is in the Duties which he receives for the Exportation of this Poyson They sell it to strangers upon condition they shall not make use of it within the Kingdom There grow Sugar-Canes in the Country but the Natives know not what to do with them There are among them a sort of Bereberes of the Musselman Religion who travel in Troops to Cairo where they put themselves into service and return again as soon as they have got ten or twelve Piasters together The Capital Cities are Nubia and Dancala near to Nile The rest so little known that it suffices to see their names in the Maps A Relation made in the year 16 7 tell us That the King of Dancala pays a Tribute in Linen Cloath to the King of the Abyssius Geography is in some measure beholding to this Country as being the place that gave birth to that famous Nubian Geographer Of ETHIOPIA Or HABESSINIA HABESSINIA Seu ABASSIA at ETHIOPIA By R. Morden So little of Truth hath been communicated to this part of the World concerning Ethiopia that having met with the Ethiopick History of Job Ludolfus which is the most exact Account extant I have been the larger in taking an Abstract of it 'T is seated as this Author tells us in Africa above Egypt beyond Nubia between the eighth and sixteenth Degree of North Latitude contrary to all our Maps extant which extends it self to the fourteenth or fifteenth Degree South Latitude So that the length of it from North to South is not more than four hundred and eighty Miles of sixty to a Degree but according to the old Maps it was more than one thousand eight hundred of the same Miles and the length of it is about six hundred Miles from the Red-Sea at the Port of Bailleur to the River Nilus at the farthest limits of Dembea Towards the North it joyns to the Kingdom of Fund or Sennar by the Portugals Fungi a part of the antient Nubia towards the Fast it was formerly bounded by the Red-Sea But now the Turks are Masters of Arkiko the Island Matzua and all that Coast only the Prince of Dancale who commands the Port of Baylur is a Friend to the Abessines But the King of Adel a Mahumetan upon the straits of Bab-elman dab the Dreadful Mouth
Forests that the pleasantness of their Fruits the Verdure of their Herbs and the beauty of their Flowers give refreshment and delights to the Inhabitants all the year long That 't is a Country fertile in Grains rich in Pastures full with Rivers and Lakes stored with delicate Fish and Tortoise that their Honey is Medicinal their Balm excellent for Wounds that they have inexhaustible quantities of Ebony and Brazil store of Cacoa and Tobacco plenty of Sugar Canes and Rocon for the dying of Scarlet besides Gold Silver and other Metals which are found there That they observed an hundred and fifty different Nations upon and about the Banks of the Amazone of which the Homagues are excellent for their Manufactures of Cotton Cloath The Corosipares for their Earthen Vessels The Sarines for their Joynery Work. The Topinamubes for their power As for the Amazonian Women from whence it is pretended this River took its name many and strange Relations have been writ of them All I can find of it is that when the Inhabitants were in Arms at the arrival of the Spaniards there were some Women so couragious as to be amongst them but never any Country of such and therefore as fabulous as those of whom the Greeks have formerly writ such wonders Of PERV PERV is a name so remarkable that under the same many times all the other parts of Southern America are comprehended It lies almost all under the Torrid Zone and yet it has not the qualities of the Countries in our Hemisphere that lie under the same Zone There are in it three sorts of Countries very different the one from the other the Plain the Hill and the Andes The Plain lies near the Sea nothing delightful being sandy and subject to Earthquakes The hilly Country consists of Vallies Hills and Mountains where it is very cool The Andes where it almost continually rains are very high Mountains yet fertile and well peopled The Plain is not above twelve Leagues broad the Hilly Country twenty and the Andes as broad as that So that under the name of Peru are comprehended more Lands than are subdued by the Spaniards The Spaniards have a Vice-Roy in that Country where they have particularly fortified Arica being the place where the Merchandises of Lima and the Wealth of Potosi are brought They invaded this Kingdom under Pizarro in the year 1525. But the Civil Wars that ensued hindred for some time the absolute Conquest of the Country The Indians that cannot defend themselves pay Tribute The King of Spain receives vast Treasures out of the Mines of Peru. For the principal Cities are full of it and the very Earth is oftentimes nothing but Gold and Silver So that Peru is certainly the richest Country in the World. And it reported that the Spaniards made above twenty Millions of Ducates of their first Voyage thither The Ways are so secure from Robbery that four Musqueteers serve for a Convoy for three or four thousand Ducates The Inca's were Hereditary Kings of Peru for above three hundred years before the Invasion of the Spaniards They had made there two High-ways the one along the Plain where it required an extraordinary Expence to settle the Sand the other over the Mountain where it was as necessary to fill up the Valleys These High-ways were every one of them five hundred Leagues in length and upon the Road stood Houses whither Travellers were carried and entertained by the Natives upon freecost The same Inca's had also reared Temples to the Sun to the Moon and to the Stars which they call Ladies attending the Moon to Lightning Thunder and Thunder-bolts and to the Rain-bow which they said executed the Sun's justice It is reported that their Polities were not unlike those of the Greeks and Romans that their Government was mild free and liberal And that they divided the Earth into three parts the first high the second low and the third under ground signifying Earth Heaven and Hell. Atabalippa who was one of those Kings said That the Pope was not a Wise Man to give away that which was none of his own and that for his part he had more reason to prefer the Divinity of the Sun than of a Man that was crucified He also threw away a Breviary which they presented because it spoke never a word of Christ of whom they told him it related great things This unfortunate Prince being defeated and taken by the Spaniards at Caxamalca offer'd for his liberty as much Gold as could be heaped up half way in a Hall seven and twenty foot long sixteen foot wide and proportionably high nevertheless they put him to death as a Traytor and a Tyrant It is not to be wondred that the Inca's had such vast store of Gold and Silver for they had framed in Gold all the Creatures and Plants imaginable in their Temples also they put great numbers of Statues of all pure Gold and adorn'd with precious Stones The Edifices were demolished by the Spaniards who expected to find Gold in the Materials and in the cement of the Stones though they got a prodigious Sum besides The Provinces of Peru are Quito Los Reyes Los Charcas and La Sierra Quito which produces much Gold Cotton and Physical Drugs has a City of the same Name the antient Residence of Inca Guaynacapa The Province de los Reyes contains the best Cities in the Country Lima and Cusco Lima is new and one of the best in all America though it contain not above six thousand Inhabitants There are also about four thousand Negroes but they keep them disarm'd for fear of revolting The great Trade of the Town the Residence of the Vice-Roy and the Archbishop make it the Capital City of Peru. Calâ—ao a City and a Port two Leagues from Lima is able to receive and secure several Vessels Cusco built four hundred years before the Spaniards took it very well peopled because the King usually kept his Court and obliged the Lords of the Country to build them Houses and dwell in the City with their Children The Province de los Charcas contains the Cities of La Plata and Potosi which is the best inhabited place in all the West Indies for it is stored with all conveniencies and delights of this Life for which reason several People go to live there The Silver Mines in her Mountains are certainly the richest in the World and no way subject to the Water as the other Mines are The King of Spain had from thence a Million of Ducates formerly for his fifth but for some time since the Rent has fallen At the Island Perico was the Fight between the Buccaniers and Spaniards where the Buccaniers took five Ships the Buccaniers were but sixty eight Men the Spaniards two hundred and twenty eight At Gorgona Island the Buccaniers carreen'd At the Isle of Plate Sir F. Drake made the Dividend of that vast quantity of Plate which he took from the S. Armada which the Spaniards say was twelve score
with Springs and Rivers of fresh Water Cattle and Fowl are in great plenty and other Lakes and Rivers afford store of Fish Thascala or Los Angelos is a Country very plentiful both of Corn and Cattle full of rich Pastures well watered with Rivers and wonderfully stored with Maize which they make their Bread of Places of most note are first Thascala Situate on an easie ascent betwixt two Rivers encompassed with a large pleasant and fruitful plain said to be so populous before the arrival of the Spaniards that it could number above three hundred thousand Inhabitants Second Angelos a fair City distant from Mexico twenty two Leagues and thirty from Latera Cruz Thirdly La Vera Cruz built by the Cortez a place of great encourse situate near the Gulph from whence there is a through-fair to Mexico from whence it is distant about fifty two Leagues In May 83. about nine hundred or a thousand Privateers at Night landed and through the negligence of the Spanish Centinels surprised the Town and two Forts the one of twelve the other of eight Guns They plundered the Town for three days where they got a great deal of Plate Jewels c. and might also have taken the Castle which is seated about three quarters of a Miles into the Sea and hath thirty Guns mounted Saint John de Vlloa at Vlhua the most noted Port of this Province fenced with a Peer against the fury of the Winds and Sea defended naturally by Rocks and Quick-sands and by two Bulworks well fortified on both sides of his entrance Famous for that it was the first beginning of that great Conquest of the Valiant Cortez Here he first sunk the Ships that brought the Spaniards from Cuba to the intent they might think of nothing but Conquest and here five hundred Spaniards ventured against millions of Enemies and began the Conquest of the fourth part of the World. Xalappa de la Vera Cruz made a Bishops See in the year 1634 said to be worth ten thousand Duckets a year La Rinconada is a House or Inn which the Spaniards call Venla seated in a low Valley the hottest Place in all the Road to Mexico plentiful in Provisions and the sweetness and coolness of the Water is a great refreshment but the swarms of Gnats in the Night are most intolerable Segura de la Frontera was built by Cortez in his Wars with the Culhuacans and Tepeacaes Tlaxcallan a Common-wealth The Inhabitants whereof in one Battel against Cortez had 150000 fighting Men afterwards joyned with Cortez and were the chief Instruments of his unparallel'd Conquest being mortal Enemies to Monteâ—uma the Mexican Emperor and therefore are free from Tribute by the Kings of Spain Nixapa is a Town of eight hundred Inhabitants Spaniards and Indians where is a rich Cloister of Dominican Friers and one of the richest places in the County of Braxuca Tecoantepeque is a small and unfortified Harbor on Mar del Zur Aquatulco and Capaâ—ita are great Towns in a plain Country Taponapeque is a sweet and pleasant Town well stored with Flesh and Fish and Fowl. In this Province are said to be two hundred Towns one thousand Villages twenty five thousand Indians which are priviledged and exempted from all extraordinary Charge and Imposition because of their assisting Cortez in his Conquest of Mexico In the Valley of St. Paul was a Country Man possessed of forty thousand Sheep which were the product of two only which were brought him out of Spain Guaxaca is a Province of a healthful and a sweet Air of a fertile Soil not only in Corn but also in Fruit Cochineil Silk Cassia the Earth well stored with Mines of Gold Silver and other Metals and most of the Rivers stream down Sand-Gold It s chief places are Antequera a Bishoprick adorned with stately buildings and a Magnificent Cathedral Church Aquatulâ—o is a noted and convenient Port on Mar del Zur from whence is transported the Merchandise of Mexico to Peru plundered both by Drake and Cavendish in their Voyages about the World. Gage tells us that Guaxaca is a City and Bishops Seat fair and beautiful sixty Leagues from Mexico and consists of two thousand Inhabitants n t far from the Head of the great River Alvarado upon which are Zapoteâ—as and St. Idlfonso That from thence they went to Antequera a great Town Tavasco or Tabasco is a Coast of one hundred Leagues between Guâ—xaca and Jucatan of an excellent Soil abundant in Maiz and Cacao There are Vines Fig-trees Oranges and Citrons great quantity of Cattle and Fowl besides wild Beasts Apes and Squirrels The Spaniards have but one Colony here which is called Newstra a Signiora de la Victoria so called from the Victory Cortez gained 15 9. The first City in America that defended it self and suffered the Spaniards sword Jucatan is a Peninsula of about four hundred Leagues in compass Situate between the Gulph of Mexico and Honduras whose Cape Catoche is opposite to Cape Saint Anthony in the Island Cuba and distant from it forty odd Leagues In the middle of the Land are to be seen Scales and Shells of Sea Fish its chief Cities are Merida distant from the Sea on either side twelve Leagues the Seat of the Bishop and Governor adorned with great and antient Edifices of Stone with many Figures of Men cut in the Stones resembling those at Merida in Spain 2. Valladolid beautified with a fair Monastery of Franciscans 3. Campeach Situate on the Shore of the Gulph a fair City of about three thousand Houses which in Anno 1596 was surprised and pillaged by the English under the Command of Captain Parker who carried away the Governor and the riches of the City The Audience of Gaudalajara or Kingdom of New Galicia makes the most occident part of New Spain and contains the Provinces of Gaudalajara Xalisco Los Zacatecas Chiamettlan Culiacan and New Biscany The Air of Gaudalajara is temperate and serene except in Summer which is most troubled with Rain The Land rather mountainous than plain very fruitful well furnished with Mines of Silver Copper Lead and Margasites the Pastures are rich feeding abundance of Cattle they have Cittrons Oranges Figs Apples Pears Peaches Olive-trees whose Fruit is often destroyed by Ants as their Corn Maize and Pulse is by the Pies which though no bigger than Sparrows are so numerous that they destroy whole Crops Its Cities are Guadelajara the Residence of the Kings Treasurer dignified with the Courts of Judicature the See of a Bishop beautified with a fair Cathedral Church watered with many Fountains and little Torrents not far from the River Beranja In the Province of Xalisco the chief City is Compostella built by Guzman 1551. Situate in a Barren Country and bad Air. In the Province of Chiametlan is Saint Sebastian nigh to which are many rich Silver Mines The Province of Culiacan hath Saint Michael and that of Chinaloa Saint John where are rich Mines of Silver In Los Zicatecas are several famous
Geography Rectified OR A DESCRIPTION OF THE WORLD In all its Kingdoms Provinces Countries Islands Cities Towns Seas Rivers Bayes Capes Ports Their Ancient and Present Names Inhabitants Situations Histories Customs Governments c. As also their Commodities Coins Weights and Measures Compared with those at LONDON Illustrated with Seventy six MAPS The Second Edition Inlarged with above Thirty Sheets more in the Description and about Twenty New MAPS The whole Work performed according to the more Accurate Observations and Discoveries of Modern Authors By ROBERT MORDEN LONDON Printed for Robert Morden and Thomas Cockerill at the Atlas in Cornhill and at the Three Legs in the Poultrey over against the Stocks-Market MDCLXXXVIII E. A. Rouse EASTWAY A Catalogue of the Maps in this Book 1 WOrld Fol. 2 EVROPE 10 3 England Scotland and Ireland 14 4 England 17 5 Wales 26 6 Scotland 30 7 Ireland 36 8 Denmark 42 9 Sweden and Norway 54 10 Muscovia c. 60 11 Poland 68 12 Tartary in Europe 76 13 Moldavia Valachia Transilvania 81 14 Hungaria 85 15 Germany 99 16 The Vnited Provinces 140 17 The Spanish Provinces 148 18 France 156 19 Spain 168 20 Portugal 186 21 Italy 190 22 Helvetia or Schwitzerland 193 23 Savoy and Piedmont 201 24 Sicily 221 25 Sclavon Croatia Dalmatia c. 225 26 Servia Bulgaria c. 231 27 Greece 234 28 ASIA 321 29 The Turkish Empire in Asia 325 30 Canaan or the Holy Land 338 31 Cyprus the Isles of Asia Minor 353 32 Turkish Empire in general 362 33 Arabia 366 34 Persia 372 35 Tartaria in Asia 387 36 Empire of the Great Mogul 395 37 India on this side Ganges 403 38 India beyond Ganges 411 39 China 416 40 Japan 420 41 Maldives Islands 428 42 Ceylon 430 43 The Isles of Sonde 434 44 The Philippine Island 436 45 The Molucca Islands 438 46 AFRICA 441 47 Barbary 448 48 Fez and Morocco 450 49 Algier 460 50 Egypt 469 51 Biledulgerid Zaara Guiny c. 483 52 Ethiopia or Habessinia 489 53 Congo c. 492 54 Cafferia Monomotapa 494 55 Zanguebar 497 56 The Isles of Azores 499 57 The Canary-Islands 501 58 Cape Verde Islands 504 59 Madagascar c. 507 60 Malta 510 61 AMERICA 512 62 Magellanica 516 63 Chili and Paraguay 520 64 Brasil 523 65 Amazone Peru Guyana Castella del Or c. 526 66 The Western Islands 534 67 Jamaica 537 68 Barbadoes 541 69 New Spain 546 70 New Mexico 555 71 Florida and the Lakes of Canada 557 72 Carolina 559 73 Virginia and Maryland 561 74 Pensilvania and New Jersey 567 75 New England and New York 576 76 Northw part of America 589 TO HIS Most Worthy and most Honoured Friend Mr. THOMAS GODDARD OF LONDON Merchant SIR HAVING made many Considerable Improvements and Additions to my Geography in this Second Edition I have all the reason in the world to shelter it once more under the Patronage of your Name whose Affairs abroad have not only given You a better Knowledg and Experience of Foreign Parts but whose Encouragement and Bounty next to Divine Goodness have only contributed to its Production which otherwise with its poor Author must have for ever lain latent under the Horizon of unknown Obscurity and irresistible Poverty The declining therefore the Imputation of Ingratitude is my only Plea and though it may not be pleasing to You yet not to have done it in my Circumstances would have been my just Crime I humbly therefore beg your Goodness will be pleased to add to your former Kindnesses that of passing by the Imperfections of what is offered In excuse of which I can only say That as 't is not the Industry of one Age that can rectifie and compleat the Ataxie of Geography Nor the work of any one man that of Coins Weights and Measures so a well meaning Essay towards both I hope will find a Courteous Entertainment from the more judicious and unprejudiced Reader For I have this I will not say to justifie but to excuse at least my boldness and forwardness that if I had known these things to have been but tolerably performed by others I had neither troubled my Reader nor mis-spent my own time about the Rectification of them wherein although I have again made many Corrections and Amendments yet that I have made good some mens Expectations and freed them from all defects and oversights neither my fears nor my modesty will permit me to be confident of so that knowing this work which I have undertaken is liable to common Censure I am bold to shrowd it under your Protection humbly imploring your kind Reception and Pardon for this my presumption for which and for the excess of many Favours I shall ever pray for the prosperity of You and yours And for ever acknowledg my self Your Most Humble most Faithful and most Obliged Servant Robert Morden To the Reader SO great was the attempt of my first Essay in the publishing of my Geography Rectified that for my heedless presumption I can alledg no excuse unless that the zeal of my love for its Truth so transported my senses as I considered not the weight I undertook And therefore I again crave pardon for the audacity of that attempt Humbly acknowledging a Work of that concernment and difficulty in it self did well deserve the conjunction of many heads and hands and surely more advantageous had it been unto Geography to have fallen into the Endeavours of some able Advancers that might have performed it unto the life and added Authority thereto For I am not ignorant of the discouragement of contradiction of the difficulty of Disswasion from radicated beliefs of what cold requitals some have found in their Redemptions of Truth and how ingenious Discoveries have been dismissed with obliquity and censured with singularity But the kind Reception it found from several Worthy and Learned Gentlemen more especially that Influence that it received from the two most Learned Vniversities of the World Oxford and Cambridg hath once more drawn me upon the Horizon of publick View not as a Master but as a poor Labourer carrying the Carved Stones and the polished Pillars of the more skilful Architects to set them in my mean Fabrick I have indeed laid my building upon other mens foundations for who in this Subject can do otherways Nor do I hold it a Plagiary to say I have used their Richest Jewels to adorn this Work. In excuse whereof give me leave to plead That in all Arguments and Subjects which have been written upon from the infancy of Learning to this Age there hath been a continual strife and emulation amongst Writers to mend supply or methodize whatsoever hath been done before It would be too tedious to reckon up the several Authors on some one Subject being a Truth so obvious as not to need much proof nor is it less apparent that still the latter must needs have a great advantage beyond the former by adding the experience of his own times
to the perusal of what was formerly attained unto more especially in History and Geography for tho in the Axioms Theorems and Propositions of Logick Philosophy Mathematicks c. that which was once Truth remains so for ever yet in History there is a necessity of Continuation and in Geography of alteration from time to time so that as 't is no presumption to write upon this Subject tho treated of by others famous for Learning and Parts so it is a boldness justifiable by truth to affirm that all former Geographies diligently compared with the more accurate Observations and Discoveries of late years are greatly defective and strangely Erroneous And that I may not be thought to be singular in my assertion see what the Industrious Mr. Wright said in his Correction of Errors in Navigation where he tells us That the Longitude of Places would well deserve both Labour and Cost And tho the Rectification of them were more a busie and expensive work than profitable yet most worthy and necessary to be laboured in as without which all Charts Maps Globes and all other Hydrographical and Geographical Descriptions cannot be freed from many intricate absurdities wherewith they are now every where pestered and perplexed And who that loveth Truth saith he can patiently endure the Mariners common and constant complaint of 150 or 200 Leagues error in the distance between the Bay of Mexico and the Azores or that which is more intollerable and monstrous of 600 Leagues difference in the distance between Cape Mendosino and Cape California And in another place he tells us that the best Hydrographers of that Age found such difficulties in labouring to bring their Marine Descriptions to some correspondence of truth that tired herewith in the end they have holden it impossible wherein notwithstanding saith he they err in holding that to be simply impossible which cannot be done by such ways and means as they know and use And the Ingenious Mr. Hally tells us in one of his Philosophical Transactions That the Dutch Maps were out more than 10 Degrees But Sansons 18 Degrees in distance between London and Balasore And in truth as to all the Dutch and French Maps that I have seen they were so false and imperfect that as I was obliged in my first Edition to alter many places in Europe 3 Degr. of Latitude and more than 5 in Longitude To make Asia and America wholly new and to rectifie Africa more than 10 Degrees So also in this second Impression I have inserted more than 20 New Maps of Countries some yet never extant in any Geography before As also many Cities Towns Islands Rivers with the Ancient and Modern Names with many other Improvements which were omitted in the former so that 't is in truth a New Geography And yet I know this wants the Helps and Advantages of a more Learned Pen and indeed it ought to have been freed from those frequent avocations and disturbances that attend a publick Shop and Trade These were in truth too great disadvantages for the rendring a Book of this nature so compleat and perfect and of so constant and regular a stile as might be expected from others whose quiet doors and unmolested hours afford no such Distractions However in the composing of this I have taken a due regard and greater care in the choice of Authors nor have I been less studious in avoiding weak and frivolous Relations but to present plainly the Truth of Geography and History from its first beginning so far as 't is made known to us by the most approved Writers And all this after many years experienre not only in making and projecting of Globes Maps c. but also in examining and comparing of the Relations Discoveries Observations Draughts Journals and Writings as well of the Ancient as Modern Geographers Travellers Mariners c. wherein I have taken much pains and spent much time tho to my own profit I have done nothing Only may this be but useful and acceptable to the young Gentry and Scholars of England and I am sure of this one Advantage that I shall have many an idle hour the less to account for Some may yet think the Maps too small and the Discourse too short and indeed so do I but then be pleased to consider that my Design was Brevity wherein I rather consulted your Advantage by rendring the Book both more Portable and less Chargeable so that I was often times more sollicitous and concerned to consider what than what not to write Yet have industriously endeavoured by Insertion of the most important Observables that nothing material either in the Maps or Descriptions may be wanting to present you with such a satisfactory view of the Earthly Globe and its respective parts as may make good our Title For without vanity it may be affirmed that as compendious as it is yet you have therein now summed up the Reverend Observations of the Ancient Strabo Pliny and Ptolomy the choice Rarities of the Nubian Geographer the unwearied Industry of Mercator and Munster the Great World of Ortelius and Maginus the stately Volumes of Bleau and Johnson the Modern and Applauded Maps of Du Val and Sanson nay the Quintessence of the Chorographies Topographies Relations Journals and Travels of most Authors extant So that if not large enough for the Readings of the most Curious and much at Leisure yet may serve as a helpful Introduction to their more Voluminous Tracts and to others I hope fully satisfactory At least I am Confident it may be sufficient to demonstrate the great Errors of the Old Maps and the necessity of New and Larger but this is not to be performed without a greater Stock than I am Steward of And the Encouraging Gentry of England have been so often imposed upon by pretenders to Mapping that I despair of making any Proposals and consequently of ever doing of them And indeed 't is now time for me to provide for a future Estate where there will be better Rewards for the true and faithful Service of Your most Humble and Obedient Servant ROBERT MORDEN An Advertisement concerning the Projection and Uses of General and Particular Maps ALthough the Description of the Earth upon the Globe be most proper to the Understanding and Commensurable to Nature yet there are several ways to project it in a Plane or Flat Two especially are now in use one by Parallelogram the other by Planisphere Of the Description by Parallelogram This used to be divided into the midst by a Line drawn from North to South representing the great Meridian Cross to this at right Angles another Line was drawn from East to West for the Equator The Meridians equally distant and the Parallels also equally extended and strait Lines and this way of Projection though utterly against the Original Nature and Constitution of the Globe yet the plain Charts are bound to follow and indeed 't is strange to me that this Sea-Chart being one of the most principal Instruments
such miles are exactly equal to a Degree I shall here note that no Country doth in all parts of its Territories make use of the same extent in measuring The Germans have their great little and ordinary miles the Leagues of France and Spain are of different lengths and so are the miles in our own Country The Earth as was said before is encompassed about with the Water which washing and surrounding the dry Land cuts out and shapes so many winding Bays Creeks and meandring Inlets and seems no where so much confined and penned as in the Straits of Magellan from whence again expatiating it spreads its self into two immense and almost boundless Oceans which give Terminaries to the four Regions of the Earth and extending it self round them all is but one continued Ocean The Water is either Ocean Seas Straits Creeks Lakes or Rivers The Ocean is a general Collection or Rendezvouz of all Waters The Sea is a part of the Ocean and is either exterior lying open to the shore as the British or Arabian Seas or interior lying within the Land to which you must pass through some Strait as the Mediterranean or Baltick Seas A Strait is a narrow part or Arm of the Ocean lying betwixt two Shores and opening a way into the Sea as the Straits of Gibralter the Hellespont c. A Creek is a small narrow part of the Sea that goeth up but a little way into the Land otherwise called a Bay a Station or Road for Ships A Lake is that which continually retains and keeps Water in it as the Lakes Nicurgua in America and Zaire in Africa A River is a small Branch of the Sea flowing into the Land courting the Banks whilst they their Arms display to embrace her silver waves Of the Names of the Ocean According to the four Quarters it had four Names From the East it was called the Eastern or Oriental Ocean from the West the Western or Occidental Ocean from the North the Northern or Septentrional and from the South the Southern or Meridional Ocean But besides these more general Names it hath other particular Appellations according to the Countries it boundeth upon and the Nature of the Sea As it lies extended towards the East it is called the Chinean Sea from the adjacent Country of China Towards the South 't is called Oceanus Indicus or the Indian Sea because upon it lies the Indians Where it touches the Coast of Persia it is called Mare Persicum So also Mare Arabicum from Arabia So towards the West is the Ethiopian Sea. Then the Atlantick Ocean from Atlas a Mountain or Promontory in Africa but more Westward near to America it is called by the Spaniards Mar del Nort and on the other side of America it is called Mar del Zur or Mare Pacificum Where it toucheth upon Spain it is called Oceanus Hispanicus by the English the Bay of Biscay The Sea between England and France is called the Channel between England and Ireland the Irish Sea Between England and Holland it is called by some the German or rather the British Ocean Beyond Scotland it is called Mare Caledonium higher towards the North it is called the Hyperborean or Frozen Sea more Eastward upon the Coast of Tartary the Tartarian Sea or Scythian Ocean c. The Names of the Inland Seas are 1. The Baltick Sea by the Dutch called the Oast Zee by the Inhabitants Die Belth lying between Denmark and Sweden the chief Entrance whereof is called the Sound 2. Pontus Euxinus or the Black Sea to which joyns Meâ—tis Palus now Mar de Zabacke The third is the Caspian or Hircanian Sea. The fourth is the Arabian Gulf Mare Erythaeum Mare Rubeum or the Red Sea. The fifth is the Persian Gulf or the Gulf de Elcatif The sixth is Mare Mediterraneum by the English the Straits by the Spaniards Mar de Levant the beginning or entrance of it is called the Straits of Gibralter rather Gibal-Tarif Now that all Places Cities Towns Seas Rivers Lakes c. may be readily found out upon the Globe or Map all Geographers do or should place them according to their Longitude and Latitude the use of which in the absolute sense is to make out the position of any Place in respect of the whole Globe or to shew the Scituation and distance of one place from and in respect of any other Longitude is the distance of a place from the first Meridian reckoned in the degrees of the Equator beginning by some at the Canaries by others at the Azores by reason of which Confusion I have made the Longitudes in this English Geography to begin from London and are reckoned Eastward and Westward according as they are situated from London on the top of the Map. And have also added the Longitude from the Tenerif round about the Globe of the Earth at the bottom of the Map as usually in the Dutch Maps that so you may by inspection only see the Truth or Error if you compare them with the Tables or Maps formerly Extant The Latitude of a place is the distance of the Equator from that place reckoned in the degrees of the great Meridian and is either North or South according as it lies between the North and South-Poles of the Equator EVROPE is divided into these Kingdoms or Estates  Cities Modern Cities Old. Northwards The Isles of Great Britain or England Scotland Wales and Ireland c. London Londinium Edinburgh Alata Castra Welshpool Trillinum Dublin Eblana Scandinavia contains the Kingdoms of Denmark Norway Sweden Copenhagen Haphnia Berghen Bergae Stockholm Holmia The several Kingdoms of Russia or Moscovia L'Arcangel Archangelopolis Moskow Moscha The Estates of the Kingdom of Poland Cracow and Cracovia Dantzick Gedanum In the Middle The Northern Estates of Turkie in Europe Tartaria Europa Walachia Moldavia Transilvania Hungaria Caffa Theodosia Tarvis Targoviscum Jassy Jassium Weissemburg Alba Julia Buda Sicambia The Empire of Germany Vienna Ala Flaviana The Estates or Republicks of Switzerland 7Vnited Provinces 10 Spanish Provinc Zurick Tigurium Amsterdam Amsterodamum Antwerpen Andoverpum Kingdom or 12 Gover. of France Paris Lutetia Southwards Kingdoms Principal of Spain Madrid Madritum The Kingdom of Portugal Lisbon Olysippo Estates of the Duke of Savoy c. Chambery Cameriacum Kingdoms and Estates in Italy Rome Roma The Kingdom and Isle of Sicily Messina Messana The Southern Estates of Turkie in Europe Sclavonia Croatia Dalmatia Ragusa Bosnia Servia Bulgaria Romania Zagrab Sisopa Vihitz Vihitza Zara Jadera Ragusa Epidaurus Bosna Serai Jayeza Belgrade Alba Graeca Sophia Sardica Constantinople Byzantium The Estates of Greece Athini Athaenae The Islands of Negropont Candia Sardinia c. Negropont Eubaea Candia Matium Cagliari Calaris Of Europe EVROPE by Robt. Morden EVROPE one of the four great Parts of the World is also the most considerable in Respect of the Beauty of her Kingdoms and Commonwealths the Politeness of her Inhabitants the Excellent Government of her Cities as also in Regard
Electorates Mayence Treves Cologn Bohemia Bavaria Saxony Brandenburgh and the Palatinate of the Rhine 5. One Arch-Duke the Duke of Austria 6. Two Great Dukes of Moscovy and Toscany The Prince of the first assumes the Title of Emperor and indeed it is a Dukedom on which depends thirty other Dutchies and three Kingdoms This Duke is absolute over his Subjects and is called by the general Name of Gran Czar 7. Six Sovereign Dukedoms besides those that are under the Empire Savoy Lorrain Mantua Modena Parma and Curland 8. Four Principalities that depend upon the Turks Transilvania Walachia Moldavia and the lesser Tartary 9. Seven Commonwealths the Seven Vnited Provinces Switzerland Venice Genoa Geneva Luca and Ragusa To which some add the Commonwealth of Marine in Italy Lastly A great number of Principalities and Imperial Free Towns enjoying a Soveraignty in their Territories but yet they acknowledg a Superior Power The Ecclesiastical Government of Europe in general is either Papal owning the Pope as Supream or Episcopal owning the King as Supream in all Cases and Archbishops and Bishops under him Or Superintendant which is a kind of Episcopal among the Lutherans but yet owning no Head of the Church on Earth neither Pope nor King nor Civil Magistrate There is also the Presbyterian or Synodical owning a Presbytery a Synod or Lay-Elders c. as Supream but no Bishops or Superintendants There are four Principal Languages reckon'd to be spoken in this Part of the World Tutonick Latin Greek and Sclavonian The Tutonick is of three sorts High Dutch in Germany Saxon in England and Scotland Danish in Denmark Sweden Norway and Ireland The Latin is corrupted into Italian French and Spanish The Greek had formerly four Dialects the Attick Ionick Dorick and Aeolick The Sclavonian Language runs through all Sclavonia Bohemia Poland and Moscovy and all the Turkish Empire in Europe There are also seven other Languages of less Note which are used in Europe The Albanian or Epirotick in Epirus and Macedonia The Cosack or Tartarian in part of Poland and Tartary The Hungarian or Bulgarian in Servia Bosnia Bulgaria and Hungary c. the Finick in Finmark and Lapland Irish in Ireland and Scotland The British is spoken in Wales Cornwal and in Britany in France Biscayn is spoken only in Biscany neer to the Cantabrian Ocean or Bay of Biscay ENGLAND SCOTLAND IRELAND by Robt. Morden Of the British Isles UNDER this Title are Comprehended several distinct and famous Islands the whole Dominion whereof now United is under the Command of the King of Great Britain c. Bounded on the North and West with the Hyperborean and Ducalidonean Ocean on the South divided from France with the English Channel on the East separated from Denmark and Belgia with the British by some call'd the German Ocean But on all sides environed with Turbulent Seas guarded with Dangerous Rocks and Sands defended with strong Forts and walled with a Potent and Royal Navy Of these Islands one is very large formerly called Albion now Great Britain comprehending two Kingdoms England and Scotland The other of lesser extent makes one Kingdom called Ireland The other smaller adjacent Isles are comprehended under one or other of these three Kingdoms according to the Situation and Congruity with them Many are the Changes and Alterations that these Islands have received in their Governments since their Original discovery they were first possessed by divers People independent one upon the other supposed to be the Britains descended from the Gauls for at the Entrance of the Romans the Island of Great Britain was divided into several Nations each Governed by its own King and particular Princes different in their Ends and Counsels and so the more easily subdued by the United Roman Force After the Romans the English Saxons were called in by the Britains to aid them against the Picts The Inhabitants of Scotland who after the common manner of forreign Auxiliaries soon seized the better Part for themselves and established Seven Kingdoms commonly called the Saxon Heptarchy Forcing the Britains the Ancient Proprietors to retire some into Britain in France from whence some think they first came but most of them into the Western and Mountainous Part called by the Saxons Walish Land now Wales where their Posterity still remains The State of England in the time of Ptolomy living in the Reign of the Emperor Antoninus Pius about the year of Rome 892 and about 95 years since the Conquest thereof by the Emperour Claudius Caesar Also a Table of the Saxon Heptarchy Ancient Inhabitants Counties Names Ancient Names of the Towns. The present Names Saxon Heptarchy The Cantii of Kent Durovernum Rutupiae or Ritupis Canterbury Richborough vulgo Rochester Kingdom of Kent The Rhegni or Rhegini of Surry Sussex Naeomagus or Noviomagus Vindonis Woodcot-Hill near Wimbleton Wilchelsey Kingdom of the South Saxons The Iceni or Simeni of Norfolk Suffolk Cambridgshire and Huntingtonshire Venta Icenorum Villa Faustini Caster St. Edmondsbury Kingdom of the East Angles The Trinobantes or Trinoantes Middlesex Essex Hartfordshire Part Londinium Camudolanum or Camulodunum or Camalodunum London Maldon in Essex Kingdom of the East Saxons The Brigantes The Otalini or Otadenii York shire Cumberland Lancashire Durham Westmerland Northumberland Isurium Eboracum Olicana Camulodunum Epiacum Rhigodunum Vinovium Caturactonium Calatum Curia Bremenium Aldburrow York Inkley Almondbury Papcastle Riblechester Binchester Catarick in Richm. Wheallep Castle Corbridg Rochester The Kingdom of the Northumbers which was divided into two Kingdoms viz. Deira and Bernicia Catvellani or Catyeuchlani Coritani or Coritavi Dobuni or Dodunni Cornavii Part of the Silures Bedfordshire Buckinghamshire Part of Hartfordshire Lincolnshire Leicestershire Rutlandshire Northamptonshire Nottinghamshire Darbyshire Glocestershire Oxfordshire Cheshire Shropshire Staffordshire Worcestershire Warwickshire Herefordshire Salenae Lactodurum Verolamium Lindum Ragae or Ratis Bennaventa Corinium Deva or Devana Viroconium Brannogenium Manduessedum Ariconium Sanday Stonystratford Verulam Lincoln Leicester Wedon Cirenchester Westchester Wroxcester Worcester Manchester Kenchester The Kingdom of Mercia Dummonii Belgae Durotriges Atrebati Cornwall Devonshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hantshire Dorsetshire Barkshire Uxela or Uzela Voliba Isca Augusta Aquae Calidae Venta Belgarum Dunium or Durnovaria Nalcaea or Caleva Lystwithiel Falmouth Exceter Bath Winchester Dorchester Wallingford The kingdom of the West Saxons After this the Danes broke in like a Violent flood upon the Northumbers and though often vanquished yet being as often victorious they at last seized on the Monarchy of England which was sometimes held by the Danes sometimes by the Saxons till William Duke of Normandy took it from Harold and established the Monarchy which hath ever since continued in a Succession of Seven and twenty Princes down to our Present Gracious Soveraign King James the Second Of ENGLAND ENGLAND by Roâ—â— Morden A Table containing the Counties or Shires their Titles Cities and Towns their Latitude computed distance and Measured distance from London The number of Market-Towns of Parliament-men of Parishes in each County and their ancient Name
the Leuearum of Ant. Pembroke the chief Shire-Town seated on Milferd Haven so large and capacious that it may safely contain a 1000 sail of Ships over which it hath two fair Bridges a place of good strength fortified with a Wall and a strong Castle seated on a Rock St. Davids Menevia Fanum Davidis once a City of good account now only notable in that it is a Bishops See and a fair Cathedral Haverfordwest is the Town where the Assizes are kept Tenby is seated upon a Rock having a commodious Road for Ships Fishgard is the Abergwaine of the Welsh The Description of SCOTLAND SCOTIAE Nova Descriptiō per. Robert Morden SCOTLAND is separated from England by the Rivers Tweed and Solway and the Cheviot Hills The Ancient Inhabitants were the Britains divided by Ptolomy into many lesser Names by Dion and Xiphilinus into two only general viz. the Calidonii and Meatae Afterwards called the Picts towards the wain of the Roman Empire from their Paintings and for their better distinction from the civil and clothed Britains distinguished by Am. Marcellinus into the Picts Ducalidoniae and the Vecturiones The Scots a Colony of the bordering Irish intruding amongst and conquering the Picts or Britains all other Names worn out the whole are now accounted Scots The Length of Scotland I find set down by Heylin to be 480 Miles but the breadth in no place more than 60 Miles the truth of which will appear if you consider the Latitude of Solway-Frith near Carlisle the most Southern part of Scotland and Straitsby-head the most Northern you will find the greatest length can be but 260 English Miles and the breadth in the broadest place more than 160 Miles as you will easily see by the Map. Scotland according to its Situation may be divided by the River Tay into two parts viz. North and South commonly distinguished by the Names of Highland and Lowland The first was the Ancient Kingdom of the Scots The other the Old Habitation of the Picts The People of the former are by Nature and Disposition rude and uncivil The Inhabitants of the latter in Disposition Civility Language and Habit are much resembling the English and are thought to be Descended of the Saxons On the West part of Scotland are many Woods Mountains and Lakes Towards the East it is more Fruitful in Corn especially Barley and Oats Their Fruits are not very Excellent nor plentiful but they have abundance of Fish and Fowl not much Cattel nor big Their chief Commodities are Coarse Clothes Freezes Fish Lead Oar Feathers Allows Iron Salt-petre Linnen cloth Train-Oyl some Hides and Tallow The Kingdom of Scotland consists of the Nobility Gentry and Commons These with the Lords Spiritual Assemble together in Parliament when called by Writ from the King of Great Britain who by Reason of his Residence in England constituteth and appoints a Vice-Roy to Act under him at the said Session of Parliament called Lord Commissioner who at present is William Duke of Queensbury As to their Courts of Judicature they have several the Chief is the Session or Colledg of Justice consisting of a President fourteen Senators seven of the Clergy and as many of the Laisy whereunto is now added the Chancellor who is chief and four Lords of the Nobility besides as many Advocates and Clerks as the Senators see convenient These sit and administer Justice every day from nine to twelve except Sundays and Mondays from the first of November to Christmas-Eve and from the first of January to the last of February and from Trinity-Sunday to the first day of August But now by Act of Parliament the Summer-Sessions are taken away and instead thereof they are to be kept in March. This Court is of great state and order the Clerks write all the Material heads that are pleaded at the Bar. And after the parties are removed the Senators consider the Arguments and give sentence and the major part carries it Their final Sentence or Decrees determines all business there being no appeal only to the Parliament who may receive and repeal their decisive sentence The next supream Court is the Justice-Court where all Criminals are tried it consists of a Lord Justice General and of a Lord Justice Clark who is his assistant This Order was changed Anno 1669 and by Act of Parliament four Judges were appointed to sit in this Court with the Lord Justice General c. The Jury is made up of fifteen the major part determines the matter Besides this Court there are in every Shire or County Inferior Civil Judicatories or Courts kept wherein the Sheriff of the Shire or his Deputy decideth Controversies and Law-Suits but from these there are Appeals to the Sessions or Higher Court of Equity There are likewise Judicatories called Commissarials for Ecclesiastical Affairs The Shires of Scotland are viz. Edinburg Barwick Peeblis Selkirk Roxburg Dumfreis Wightown Air Renfrew Lanrick or Lanock Dumbritton or Dunbarton Boot Inner Ara Perth Striveling or Sterling Linlithgow Clackmanan Kinros Couper Fife Forfar Kinkardin Marrischals Aberdeen Bamf Errols Elgin Nairn Innerness Ross Cromarty Tayn Dornock Weik Orkney The Constabulary of Haddington The Stewartries of Strath-yern Monteith Annannaile Kirkubright The Baileries of Kyle Carriek Cunningham Scotland is also divided into several Counties or Parts Lothien Merch Teifidal or Tiviotdale Eskdale Easkdale Liddesdale Annandale Nithisdale Galloway Carrick Kyle Cunningham Clidesdale Lennox Striveling or Sterling Mentieth Fife Strathern Argile Lorn Cantire Arran Albany or Braid Albin Perth Athol Anguis Mernis Buquihan or Buchan Marr Marray Lochabyr Rosse Southerland Strathnavern Cathnes The Government whereof is divided into two Arch-Bishopricks Saint Andrews and Glasco under whom are several Suffragan Bishops It s chief places are 1. Edinburgh the Metropolitan City of this Kingdom Situate in a high and wholsome Air and a Fertil Soil consisting chiefly of one Street about a Mile in length out of which runs many smaller Lanes and Streets 'T is strongly begirt with a Wall and Fortified by a fair and strong Castle seated on the top of a Rock a place Adorned with many fair Edifices Dignified with the Courts of Judicature High Court of Parliament and a University 2. St. Andrews of Old Fanum Reguli hath a fair Prospect towards the Sea near the fall of the Ethan Fortified with a fair and strong Castle Dignified with an Archbishops See. 3. Glasco pleasantly seated on the River Cluyd over which it hath a fair Bridge A place of good Account Dignified with an Arch-Bishops See and a University Glasquum Script Scot. 4. Sterling a place of good strength and Fortified with a strong Castle Strivilingum vel Strevelinum seu Sterlinga 5. Dunbritton a place of great strength having the strongest Castle in all Scotland both by Nature and Art. Castrum Britonum 6. Falkland pleasantly seated for Hunting 7. Perth or St. Johns Town a place of good Account pleasantly seated at the Mouth of the River Tay between two Greens 8. Aberdeen
overflow the Land where they catch plenty of Fish and the mud inriches the Soil It s chief Towns are Schleswyck Slesuicum Heideba teste Crantzio an Episcopal See and Head of the Dukedom Seated on the River Slea which falls into the Baltick Sea where it hath a commodious Haven 2. Husum Seated on the River Eyder Fortified with a Castle 3. Haders-leben Fortified with the Strong Castle Hansberg 4. Flensberg with its commodious and deep Port. Between Flensberg and Sleswick is a Country that goes by the name of Angelen from whence England had its first denomination ever since King Egbert 5. The Port of Christian-pries now Fortified by the Fort Frederick 6. Gortop a trong Fort or Castle the Residence of the Duke of Holstein 7. Frederick-stadt upon the Eyder built by one of the late Dukes intending to have set up a Trade of Silk there to which purpose in the year 1633 he sent a splendid Embassie into Muscovy and Persia whose Travails are described by Olearius Of North-Juitland NOrth-Juitland is divided into four Diocesses Ripen Arthusen Albourg and Wibourg The Diocess of Ripen contains seven Walled Towns and ten Castles its chief places are Ripen an Episcopal Sea Fortified with a Castle 2. Kolding the place where Toll is paid for the Cattel that passes that way 3. Frederick Ode or Frederica lies in a situation of that importance that Charles Gustavus having taken it in the late Wars 1657 opened himself a way to pass his Army over the Ice into all the Neighbouring Islands and to alarum Copenhagen an Action both bold and unheard of for he marched his Cavalry and his Carriages over a great Arm of the Sea where before a single footman was afraid to expose his life The Diocess of Artbusia or Arthusen contains seven Cities and five Castles its chief places are Arthusen a well frequented Port. Kalla a Strong place Horsens and Renderen The Diocess of Aelbourg Aelburgum hath for its chief places Albourg at the mouth of Limford-Bay Nicoping Hirring Wansyssel Thysted and Scagen or the Scaw the northermost part of Juitland The Diocess of Wibourg hath three Castles and three Walled Towns the chief is Wibourg where are the Courts of Judicature for all Juitland The chief Islands belonging to Denmark that lie dispersed in the Baltick See are Zeland Fionia or Funen Alsen Arroe or Aria Langland Laland Falster Mone Huen or Ween-Island and Bornholm Of the Baltick Sea. THIS is the Sinus Codanus of the Ancients otherwise called Sucvicum Mâ—re seu Balticum Die Bâ—lth or Oostzee Belgis La Mar Baltique Gallis Warezkovie More Russis It hath three several passages into it from the Ocean all of them under the command of the King of Denmark the safest and most usual is that famous Strait called the Frâ—tum Sundicum Le Sund Gallis Straet Van Sund. Batavis Oresund Danis The Sound Anglis So great a passage that there often sails 200 sometimes 300 Ships through in one day and is not above four miles over in the narrowest place The second passage or Inlet lies between the Islands of Zeland and Funen and is about 16 miles over and is called Bâ—ltsound or the great Belt. The third passage is between Funen and Jutland not above eight miles over and is called the lesser Belt. Of Zeland ZEland of old Codanonia the greatest Island of the Baltick Seas is situate near the Main Land of Schonen from which 't is separated by a narrow Streight abou four miles over which is called the Sound through which all Ships must pass that have any Trade or Commerce in these Seas and pay a Toll or Imposition to the King according to their bigness or Bills of Lading by which ariseth his greatest Revenue And for the security of this passage there are built two very strong Castles the one in this Isle called Cronenburg the most delightful Seat in the World affording a profitable and pleasant Prospect of all Ships that Sail through the Sound the other in Schonen or Scandia called Elsenburg In the Reign of Queen Elizabeth our Eastland-Fleet was by the King of Denmark threatened to be sunk in case they passed this Sound or Straits of Elsenour yet they made the Adventure having only one Man of War viz. the Minion and kept their course maugre all opposition without any wound received forwards and back again The chief City of this Island is Haphnia Kiobenhaven Danis Koppenhagen Ger. Kopenhaven Belg. Copenhage Gal. Copenhagen Angl. the Met opolis of the whole Kingdom sometime the Residence of the King a University Seated near the Sea with a good Port and safe Road for Ships Fortified with a Strong Castle containing one of the Fairest Arsenals in Europe wherein is a Celestial Globe six foot Diameter Christiern the Fourth having laid the foundation of a New City in the little Island of Armager joyned it to the old by a Bridg and called it by the Name of Christierns Haven so that now it is divided into two parts in the New Town is the Royal Castle the Mint the Exchange and the Arsenal before mentioned This City was taken by Frederick Anno 1522 and in the year 1536 after a years Siege it was surrendred to Christiern the 3d. The Citizens now enjoy the greatest priviledg of any City in Europe Roschildt is the Burying place of the Danish Kings Elsenour is near to the strong Castle and Palace of Cronenberg the Fortifications whereof was and is the Key of the Baltick Sea enlarged into the Sea with incredible charge and pains by Frederick the 2d The Surrender of this Castle to the Swedes by a Stratagem Sept. the sixth 1658 was like to have lost Copenhagen and consequently the whole Kingdom Fredericksberg is a Fortress built in a pleasant Plain oftentimes the place of the Kings retirement but most famous for that solemn Interview and Entertainment that happened between the late Kings of Sweden and Denmark upon the Conclusion and Ratification of the Roschildt Treaty Other places are Kallenburg Rinstead Koge Korsoer is the place where K. Charles of Sweden landed his Army in his Second Expedition against Denmark Aug. 8. 1658 five Months after the aforesaid Interview of the two Kings at Frederixburg Nestwood Waringburg was the first place where the King of Sweden set his Foot in Zeland in his first Expedition In this Island are reckoned 340 Villages The Island of Fionia or Funen is the assignment of the Prince of Denmark 't is Seated between Zeland and Juitland separated from the first by a narrow passage called the Belt from the last by a narrower called Midle-far-sound 'T is a fertile Soil and pleasant situation It s chief place is the well Traded Odensee an Episcopal See formerly the Seat of the General Assemblies of the Kingdom now kept at Copenhagen adorned with two fair Churches and neat buildings near this place Count Guldenlew the Vice-roy of Norway was overtaken in his Coach by Charles King of Sweden in his first Expedition Other Towns are
Midlefare Swinberg with several other good Towns four Royal Castles and 264 Villages besides Gentlemens Houses Alsen is a small Island belonging to the Dukedom of Sleswick whose chief place is the Castle of Sunderberg giving Name to a Branch of the Royal Family the Duke of Holstein Sunderberg Arroe or Aria is a small Island belonging also to the Duke of Sleswick Langland and Laland the first is the largest the other the most plentiful in Corn and Chesnuts whose chief place is Naskow a Town well Fortified Falster is a small Island fertile in Corn its chief place is Nicopin of a pleasant situation called the Naples of Denmark Mone Isle is about twelve Miles long and six broad the chief place is Stekoo where the Swedish Forces found a greater resistance than in any of the other Islands Huen or Ween is remarkable for the observations of that famous Astronomer Tycho Brahe The Island of Bornholm was granted to the Crown of Sweden by the late Treaty of Peace but since the Danes have exchanged it for an equivolent propriety of certain Lands in Schonen Cross we now over the Sound and take notice of the other part of this Kingdom which lies on the East Continent called Scandia under which general Name it contains the whole Kingdom of Norway the greater part of the Kingdom of Sweden and some part of Denmark That which belongs to Denmark is divided into three Provinces Haland Schonen and Bleking now under the King of Sweden by the Roschilt Treaty yet here mentioned because the places in the Map are more plainly seen than in the Map of Sweden Haland is a Province for fertility of Soil sweetness of Air store of Fish plenty of Lead and Brass Mines scarce inferior to any its chief places are Wansbourg Laholm Helmstat Falkenburg and Torkow Schonen is the pleasantest Country in all Denmark most abundant in fruits and shoals of Herrings its chief places are Lunden the Metropolitan Archbishoprick of Denmark with its famous Dial where the Year Month Week Day and Hour throughout the Year as also the Motions of the Sun and Moon through each Degree of the Zodiack the movable and fixed Feasts c. are distinctly seen being finely adorned and set forth in variety of delightful Colours Other places are Goburgam or Elsinberg Fortified with an impregnable Castle and one of the Forts defending the Sound over against Cronenburg Lanscroon Corona-Scaniae Malmogia or Elbogen Tillburg Vdsted Walleburg Simmers-haven and Christiernstadt or Christiern-dorp Bleking is Mountainous and barren its chiefest places are Christianâ—ple Ahuys Selborg Ellholm Rotenby and Carels-haven often mentioned in the late Wars It hath been an Hereditary Kingdom ever since the year 1660 for before it was Elective so the Nobility do not enjoy those Priviledges which they did before The King stiles himself Earl of Oldenburg and Delmenherst as being the Eighth King of that House to which the Crown of Denmark fell in the year 1448 by the Election of Christiern the first and is to this day in their possession The opinion of Luther hath been entertained in Denmark ever since the Reign of Frederick the First who was Elected Anno 1523 so that there are two Archbishops and thirteen Bishops for Denmark The Forces of this Kingdom may be known by their former and now late Undertakings against the Swedes by which it appears that they can raise a strong power at Sea and make good Levies at Land for defence of their own Dominions The Revenue of this King consists chiefly in the great Impost laid upon all Ships which pass through the Sound which is the Key of the Baltick also in some Crown-Lands a great yearly Toll made of the Cattel as also of the Fish transported into other Countries The Danes are generally of good Stature clear of Complexion and healthful crafty and provident in their affairs peremptory in their assertions and opinionated of their Actions Religious Just in their Words and Contracts good Soldiers both at Sea and Land. The Women are fair discreet and courteous fruitful of Children The Danish Ladies love hunting and more freely entertain at their Tables than in their Beds those that come to visit them For great Captains and men of War it is famous for Godfrey or Gotricus who endangered the Empire of France for Sweno and Canutus the Conquerours of England For men of Learning Tycho Brahe the Prince of Astronomers Hemingius a Learned Divine Bertholinus a Physician and Philosopher John Cleverius the Historian and Geographer Of the KINGDOM of NORWAY NOrvegia Lat. Nerigos Plin. Norway Angl. contains the Western part of the Peninsula of Scandinavia the Eastern part being part of Swedeland A long ridg of Mountains making the separation leaving Norway toward the Ocean and Swedeland toward the Baltick Sea. From hence are transported Train-Oyl Pitch Stock-fish Masts for Ships Deal-boards The Coast of Norway though of a large extent has few good Ports by reason of the small Islands and Rocks that inviron it and the Gulf of Maelstroom which swallows and endangers all the Ships that come nigh it Herbinius tells us that this Northern Charybdis or Vorago by the Inhabitants Moskestroom is forty miles in extent Kircher saith 't is thirteen miles in Circumference that it hath a motion ascending and descending six Hours by sucking in waters and as many throwing them forth again That part which lyes toward the Pole is full of Forests and Mountains wherein there are some few Mines of Copper and Iron In the year 1646 was discovered near Opslow or Anslo a Mine of very good Gold which gave the Inhabitants occasion to say that they had got the Northern Indies But that Boast endured no longer than the Mine which presently vanished for fear of being riâ—ed Opslo Ansloye Galis the Ansloga of old it was burnt down in the time of Christiern the Fourth King of Denmark and since called Christiana 't is a Bishops See. Aggerhad is a Castle near to it full North from Seagen the most Northern point of Jutland Stafanger is a Sea-Town with a good Port near which is the Fort Doeswick There is the Herb Ossifraga of Norway which sna s the bones of Cattel that tread upon it East of Drontheim lies the Country of Jemperland formerly part of Norway but was by the Treaty of Bromsbroo Anno 1645 yielded to the Swedes to whom it is still subject This Kingdom has five Governments with as many Castles Bahus Aggerhus Berghen-hus Dronthem-hus and Ward-hus That of Bahus with a Castle of the same name upon a Rock was delivered to the Swedes by the Treaty of Roschilt Berghen is the better City the Seat of the Vice-Roy with a new Fort called Fredericksburg and a Port into which Vessels have an easier entrance and where they are safe from the Winds by reason of the high Mountains which inviron it the Merchants of the hans-Hans-Towns have there a House and a Magazine Dronthem in Latin Nidrosia the Court of the ancient Kings of
make a Corporation or Body as well as the other Orders Swedeland contains that part of Scandinavia which is the best as lying toward the East The cold Weather is there very long and sometimes very bitter however the Inhabitants do not so much make Use of Furs as they do in Germany they only wear Night-Caps Woollen-Gloves Just-a-corps and make great Fires of Wood with which they are well stored There are so few Sick People among them that Physicians and Apothecaries have little or no Practice The Inhabitants are equally Rich and their greatest Revenue consists in Copper whence the most part of the Europeans fetch it to make their small Money their Cannon and their Bells The City of Stockholm alone has in the Castle above 800 Pieces of Great Artillery and it is believed that in all the Kingdom there are above 80000. Upon review of the Militia made 1661 fourscore thousand Men were Mustered in Arms. This Country being so full of Mountains and Woods afford very little Corn so that in times of Scarcity the Poor are forced to eat very bad Bread. The Commodities of the Country besides Copper are Butter Tallow Hides Skins Pitch Rosin Timber and Boards The Cities are very subject to Fire in regard the Houses are all built of Wood. The Lakes and Gulfs are more considerable than the Rivers Nor is there any Trade but upon the Coasts where there is no venturing without a Pilot because of the great number of Rocks The Ice there is so thick that Waggons go safely upon it In other places the Snow affords them the Conveniency of Travelling in Sledges The Horses are fit for War for besides that they are easily kept and rarely sick they are well used to the Road they carry their Rider swimming they readily take wide Ditches they are Couragious and Nimble and will Assail the Enemy of their Rider with their Heels and Teeth both together Under the Name of Sweden are comprehended the Countries of Gothia Suecia Lapponia Finlandia Ingria and Livonia wherein is contained 35 Provinces besides the Acquisitions â—foresaid wherein Bertius reckoneth 1400 Parishes The two first toward the West and the three last toward the East the Gulf of Finland between them both Gothland whether so called from the Gâ—s or falsely affecting that more Glorious Name cannot well be known is divided into Ostre-Gothland and Westro-Gothland And those that Conquered Spain were called Visgoths Calmar is a strong City and the place where the Swedes usually set Sail for Germany The Cittadel is as highly esteemed in the Northern parts as that of Millain in the South Norkoping is full of Copper-Forges for which reason most of the Europeans fetch Cannons from thence Linkâ—ping a Bishops See where Olaus Magnus was Born is Remarkable for the Victory of Charles of Sudermania afterwards King of Sweden There are several other Cities whose Names terminate in Koping that is the Market-place â—mburg where King Charles the Ninth died is a new Town with a Port upon the Ocean Lodusia Sans Daleburg is a fair Town well fâ—rtâ—ed with a s rong Castle Swedeland communicates its Name to other Provinces of this Kingdom of which Stockholm or â—iâ— is the Capital City accommodated with a Royal Castle and a Sea-Port at the Mouth of the Lake M ler which they formerly had a Design to have cut into the Wener-Lake to have joyned the Baltick and the Ocean together so to spoil the Passage of the Sound This Wener Lake is said to receive 24 Rivers and disburden its self at one mouth with such noise and fury that it is called the Devils-mouth This City is far better â—urniâ—h'd than it was before the War with Germany In the Year 1641 they began to streighten the Streets and build their Houses Uniform The Harbour is very Secure so that a Ship may Ride there without an Anchor It has three Channels which carry the Vessels between certain Islands and Rocks The Kings Ships lie at Elsenape Vpsal Defended by a great Castle where is the Metropolitan Church where the Kings are usually Crowned and where formerly they kept their Courts The City is adorned with an University and the most â—ble Marâ—s in all thosâ— Quarters The Cathedral has been a Stâ—â—ilding as they say lin'd or as it wâ—re Wâ—d within wâ—old and covâ—d with Copper Carâ—lâ—taâ— upon the Wener is notâ—â—or its abundance of â—rass Strongues is a Bishops Sâ— Ar sia now W â—erus was rich in Silver Mines Lâ—ni contain no Citi s It has only certaiâ— Habitations divided into five Countries that bear the Names of their Rivers The Laponers are very small the tallâ—st â—t being above four foot higâ— nevertheless formerly six hundr d of them put to the Rout above an hundred thousand Mâ—sâ—ites that came to Inâ—dâ— them They wear no other Habit but Skiâ— and when they are Young they so inure themselves to the Cold that afterwards â—ey easily endure it without any Clothes They have neither Woollen nor Linnen only they have pieces of Copper which they call Chippans which they exchange for Necessaries They have neither Bread nor Corn nor Fruit nor Herbs nor Wine nor Cattel nor Butter nor Eggs nor Milk nor other Supports of life But they have no want of Water And they have a kind of Wild Deer which are very swift the Flesh whereof they live upon There is a second part of Laponia in Denmark and a third in Muscovy The Mount Enaraki has three Apartments of Lodging for the Deputies of the three Nations Finnonia seu Finnia Finland is a Dutchy which some Kings of Swedeland were wont to Assign for their Brothers Portion The Chief Cities whereof are Aâ—o a Bishoprick and Viburgh or Viborch a chargeable Fortress There is one particular place in this Province near Razeburg where Needles being touched turn continually Biorneburg Cajenbourg with other places you will find in the Map and Kexholm taken by Pontus de lâ— Garde Ingria vulgo Ingermanland by the Russians Isera was taken from the Muscovites by a Treaty in the Year 1617. It is but small but considerable for the Chace of Elkes and for the Situation of the strong Fort of Noteburgh in the midst of a great River at the Mouth of the Lake â—adoga Carald â—d by the Russes This Garison was taken by the Swedes all the Soldiers within being destroyed by a Distemper that took them in the Mouth and hindred them from eating The Mountains that part Norway and Sweden are by Ortelius called the Dossâ— Montes Sevo Montes of Plin. accounted 300 miles in length and now in various places have divers Names not much material here to mention The Commodâ—es of this Country are Copper Lead Brass and Iron Ox-Hides Goats and Buckskins Tallow Furs Honey Allom and Corn. The Inhabitants naturally strong active and stout Soldiers industrious laborious ingenious and courteous to Strangers The Women discreet and modest The Christian Faith was first planted here by Ausgarius Archbishop of Bremen the general Apostle of the
runneth a long Course of about 400 miles through Carinthia and Hungary falleth into the Danube at Drazat over against Erdoed or Erdewdy the old Teutoburgium of Ant. and Ptol. D. Brown tells us that it is a good stream as high as Villach where there is a Bridg over it and at Clagenfart he passed over it upon two long Wooden Bridges and an Island in the middle between them 5. The Savus Ptol. Saus Strab. in MS. Sheldeni 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sabus Solin La Sava Ital. Saw Germ. Le Save Gal. is a noble River arising in the Mountains between Carinthia and Carniola and swelling by the accession of many Rivers after a Course of above 350 miles entereth the Danube at Belgrade At Crainburg not far distant from the Head it was a considerable stream which afterwards so enlarged as to make remarkable Islands one at Sissex by Zagrabia the other Metubarris at the West of old Sarmium 6. Upon the North of Hungary are the Rivers arising from the Capathian Mountains which divide Poland from Hungary viz. the Gran and Ipola which uniting together runneth into the Danube over against Strigonium or Gran. 6. The Neytra which passing by Newhausel entereth the Danube over against Komara 8. The Wagg or Vagus which Stuckius saith equals the Po in Italy at Fristat 50 miles from its entrance into the Danube it is a very large River and hath a long Bridg over it And at Trenschin it hath a considerable Bridg over it 9. Besides these there are others esteemed Fluvii non ignobiles viz. the Leytha which entereth the Danube at Altemburg or Owar and the Bounds of Austria 10. The Sarvitza or Orpanus arising near Vesprinium and passing Alba Regalis runneth into the Danube at Jeni or Nova Palanka over against Bathmonster 11. Curassus or Crasso fatal to Lewis the second King of Hungary 12. Walpo or Vulpanus over which there is a Bridg at Walcovar 13. The River Bosnath Boswetha or Bacunthus which falleth into the Savus not far from the old Surmium As this Country excelleth in Rivers so it hath many considerable and long Bridges not to mention the Bridg of Boats over the Danube between Gran and Barchan nor of that Bridg of Boats between Buda and Pest where the Danube is half a mile over which is so contrived as to open a passage for Boats and Vessels of Burthen to pass nor shall I name those already mentioned There is a handsome and well contrived Bridg at Calotza But that over the Danube at Esseck is scarce to be parallel'd by any other Built partly over the Dravus and partly over the Fens which are often overflowed and is five miles in length Having Towers built upon it at the distance of every quarter of a mile supported by great Trees erected under it nine or ten in a rank unto each Arch and handsomely Railed on each side It cost the Turks 300000 Dollars and six years time to build it That part of the Bridg which was over the Dravus was burnt down by Count Serini in the late Turkish Wars between Leopold the Emperor and Sultan Mahomet 4th and is now supplied by a Bridg of Boats somewhat below the former As Hungary aboundeth in Rivers so 't is not without its notable Lakes viz. the Lake Balaton or Platzee the Volcaea of old extending a great length between Vesprinium and the Dravus with some strong Forts upon it which put a stop unto the cruelty of Solyman's Soldiers when they destroyed all from Buda unto this Lake There is also the Newsidlar Sea by the Hungarians Terteu by Plin. Peiso A pleasant Lake seven German miles long and three broad in the Commotions of Botscay 14 Villages about this Lake were burnt by the Turks Tartars and Rebellious Heyducks The Rivers and Lakes of Hungary are abundant in Fishes The Tibissus or Teisse is esteemed the most Fishy River in Europe if not in the World. 'T is commonly said that it consisteth of two parts of Water and one of Fish and the River Bodrack which runs into the Tibiscus as aforesaid not far from Tokay is so full of Fish that in Summer-time when the River is low the people say the Water smells of Fish tho the River is thirty fathom broad and eight and a half deep This exceeding fertility some ascribe unto the Saline Tinctures both of its own stream and others accessionary unto it which lick the many Salt Mines under ground and so may carry some principles of faecundity with them The Danube aboundeth with many good Fishes as Trouts Perches large and delicious Carps a Fish called Scheyden much exceeding a Pike At some seasons great store of Hausans some 20 foot long esteemed a good Dish and somewhat like Sturgeon with many other sorts And as the Rivers are full of Fish so in the Winter they are covered with many sorts of Fowls The most considerable Cities of Hungary are Buda Hung. Aquincum or Acincum Ptol. Ant. teste Clev. Sicambria Curta aliis By the Germans called Offen by the French Bude by the Spaniards Italians and English Buda so called as some tell us from Buda the Brother of Attilla Anno Dom. 401. Others suppose it so called from Budini a famous Scythian people who engaged with Attilla in his famous Expedition Yet others tell us it was called Bada from the so many Renowned Baths in it 'T is distant from Belgrade 49 German miles and from Vienna 54 teste Baud. First taken from the Heathen Successors of Attila by Charles the Great 791 taken from the Hungarians by Sultan Solyman Anno Dom. 1526. Recovered the year following by King Ferdinand Brother to the Emperor Charles the Fifth who was Elected King by the four Orders of the States of the Kingdom But in the year 1529 it was retaken by Solyman and committed to John Zapolia Prince of Transylvania Ann. 1541 K. Ferdinand sent his General Roggendorf with an Army of 40000 men and 40 Cannon But the Turks coming in to their Assistance with a numerous Army the Germans were forced to raise the Siege Whereupon the Sultan politickly seized upon the City sent the young Prince Sigismund with the Princess his Mother into Transylvania and kept the Town in his own hands and made it the Seat of a Biglerbeg or Vice-Roy whose authority extended over all the Bashaws of Hungary In the year 1542 it was besieged by Joachim Elector of Brandenburgh who was forced to draw off and quit the Siege 1598 or 9 Count Swartzenburgh besieged it but the attempt miscarried Anno 1602 General Rosworm also with the Imperial Army attacked it in vain Whosoever shall read of the Sieges of 1684 and 1686 will find the Story of the most famous Sieges in the World where Blood was spilt like water and many brave men found their Graves where the Assailants equalling if not surpassing Titus storming Jerusalem and Abdi Bashaw no less bravely obstinate in defending his Trust than Villerius upon the Walls of
the Limits of his Territories and his Soveraignty it self one of the French Generals in 1668 was ordered to seize his Person had he not preserved it by leaving his Dukedom which now France possesses it all Chief Places whereof are Metz the Divodurum of Ptol. and Tac. Civitas Medio matriâ—um of Ant. Mâ—tae Metis aliâ—s The Royal Seat sometimes of the French Kings of Austrasia or Westrick An Imperial City seated on the Mosel at the Confluence of the Selna River Besieged by Charles the Emperor with 100000 Men Ann. 1552 but despairing of success he left it and afterwards casting off his Empire in the Monastry of Justus he ended his life 2. Toul Tulium Ptol. Cit. Lucorum Tullo Ant. a Bishops See and a Town Imperial upon the River Mosel Built by Tulius Hostilius as the French Writers say 3. Nancy Nanceium Nasium Ptol. Seated upon the River Murra the Residence formerly of the Duke once strongly Fortified remarkable for the Disaster of Charles Duke of Burgundy who lost the Battel and his life near her Walls 1476. Taken by the French Anno 1637. And Ann. 1661 her Fortifications were Dismantled 4. Verdun Virodunum Verodunum Ant. a Town Imperial and a Bishops See upon the River Meuse The Estates of the Dutchy of Cleveland contained whilest it was the entire Patrimony of those Dukes 1. The Dutchy of Cleves 2. Of Juliers 3. Of Berg. And 4th the Earldom of Marck Cleve was made an Earldom Anno 911 for want of Heirs it devolved into the Empire 1350. Charles the Fourth gave it to Adolph Bishop of Colen Sigismund the Emperor made it a Dukedom 1417. It s chief Places are Cleve Clivia Cleef incolis 2. Wesel Weselia The Dukedom of Juliers was United to Cleves by Marriage 1496. It s chief Places are Juliers al. Gulick Juliacum Ant. belonging to the Prince of Newburg 3. Aken Flandris Ach Germanis Aix la Chapelle Gallis Aquisgrana Italis Aquisgranum from its Hot Baths Vetera Ptol. Ant. aliis But Pyramius and Pighius tells us that Stanten in the Dutchy of Cleves is the Vetera of the Ancients And Simlerus will have it to be Berck upon the Rhine Thermaegrani Rheginoni destroyed by Attila since fanâ—s for being the Metropolis of the Empire of Charlemagne and for his â—urial-place and also for the Tomb of the Emperor Otho the Third ruined by the Normans 882 destroyed by fire 1146 and again 1224 it was fired 1624 it was taken by the Spaniards 1656 it was again almost destroyed by fire viz. twenty Churches and Chappels and about 5000 Houses Now famous for its Holy Relicks and much visited by Pilgrims from many parts as also for the Treaty of Peace 1668. Two Leagues from Aken is a Mine of Lapis Calaminaris which have been wrought upon for 300 years Montensis Ducatas the Dutchy of Mont or Berg its chief City is Dusseldorp a Town and Castle formerly the Seat of the Dukes of Cleves and Juliers c. Here is also Duytsburg an Imperial City Dispargum Asciburgium Disporum of old In the County of Marck chief Places are Soest or Zoest Susatum of old and Dortmund Tremonia Dortmania both free Cities The Dutchy of Berg and Earldom of Marck belongs now to the Marquis of Brandenburg that of Cleves and Juliers to the Duke of Newburg Meurs is a Town honoured with the Title of an Earldom subject to no other Prince but the Emperor Adjoining to these Countries are the three Electoral Arch-Bishopricks 1. The Arch-Bishop of Mentz who is first in Dignity being Chancellor of the Sacred Empire and hath the Priviledg of Crowning Caesar except at Aix la Chapelle which then belongs to the Elector of Callen His Jurisdiction and Territories like some of our Diocesses lies dispersed in several Countries His chief places are Mentz or Muntz Germany Mayence Gallis Magonza Italis Macantiacum Ptol. Magontiacum Tac. Mogontiacus Mogantiacum A. Marc. Cit. Moguntiacensis Ant. Moguntia Rheginoni Magontia Eutropio the Metropolis then of the Province of Germania prima Here is said was first Invented the Noble Art of Printing by John Gutenburg Knight in the year 1440. It was an Arch-Bishops See in 745. And was taken by the King of Sweden 1631 who there kept his Christmas An Academy 1482. 2. Aschafenburg or Asciburgiam Aschafenburg the place of the Arch-Bishops Residence 3. Erford in Turingia Bicurgium Ptol. teste Pyramio Erphordia Hercino Phordia Erfordia Erfurdt Incollis Erford Gallis a City large rich and populous accounted amongst the chiefest in Germany Governed in manner of a Free State but in 1664 reduced again to the obedience of the Elector of Mentz ope Gallorum 1392 was founded a University 2ly The Arch-Bishop of Collen a fair and goodly Country lying upon the left-shore of the Rhine It s chief Places are 1. Collen Germ. Cologn Galâ—is Colonia Agrippinensis Plin. Agrippinensis Ptol. Colonia Agrippinensis Oppidum Vbiorum Tac. Colonia Agrippina Agrippinensis Ant. The Metropolis of the Province of Germania Secunda and a famous Colony of the Romans brought hither in the Reign of the Emperor Tiberius by Agrippina Daughter to Caesar Germanicus and Wife to the Emperor Claudius The Rome of Germany An Imperial City but does Homage to the Arch-Bishop The Cathedral of St. Peter's is of vast and stupendious greatness Caesar's Bridg over the Rhine is one of the antientest in Europe Here also are said to lye the Bodies of the three Kings that came from the East to Worship our Saviour 2. Bonne Bona Ptol. Castra Bonensia Tac. now the Residence of the Elector Seated in a pleasant and fruitful part of the Country This Arch-Bishop is Chancellor of Italy and second in Dignity He is also Prince and Pastor of the Country and Jurisdiction of Leidg a Country very healthy and pleasant where are reckoned 25 Walled Towns and 1700 Villages But the description of this Country I shall refer to that of the Spanish Provinces being intermixed with them And shall here only say that Liege is seated on the River Maez near that Valley wherein two Legions of Julius Caesar under Sabinus and Cotta were destroyed by Ambiorix Captain of the Eburones 3ly To this succeeds the Arch-Bishoprick of Triers or Treves Diocesis Treverensis extended along the course of the Moselle from the Confines of Lorrain unto the Rhine A Country rather pleasant than fruitful hilly and full of Woods rich chiefly in Minerals of Iron and Lead Chief Places are 1. Trier Germ. Treves Gallis Treveri Italis Colonia Treverorum Tac. Augusta Mela Augusta Treverorum Ptol. Augusta Libera Pliny Treveris Salviano Civitas Treverorum Ant. the Metropolis then of the first Belgica and Residence of the Vicar-General of Gaul seated upon the Moselle now an Arch-Bishops See and chief of the Country whose Bishop is Chancellor of France for the Emperor Built and named from Trebeta Brother to Ninus King of Assyria Anno ante Christum 1496 teste Baud. It s ancient Inhabitants were the Treviri of Caesar and Liv. the
Division of Germany about the Elbe and Odar where we may consider Saxony the Higher and Lower Circle The first comprehending the Estates of the Dukes and Electorates of Saxony of Brandenburg and Pomerania The other containing the Dutchies of Holstein of Bremen of â—uneburg of Brunswick of Lavenburg of Meklenburg c. Then the Kingdom of Bohemia with the Dutchy of Silesia and Marquisate of Moravia Of the Higher Saxony WE shall consider first the Estates of the Dukes and Electorate of Saxony And here for the better information of the Reader in a matter of much Intricacy and which without the general knowledg of the Saxonian History which is too large here to be inserted cannot well be made plain and intelligible we shall therefore contrary to what other Authors of Geography have done in their descripions of Saxony tell you That whether Albert the third deceasing without issue in the year 1412 in whom ended the Dukes Electors of Saxony of the House of Anhalt Or whether Erick the Fifth of the House of Saxon Lavenburgh lapsed his time of demanding the Investiture of the Electorship 'T is certain that Frederick the First Sirnamed the Warlike Marquis of Missnia and Lantgrave of Thuringia was created Duke Elector of Saxony by the Emperor Sigismund in the year 1423 by this means the Title and Dignity of the Electors and Dukes of Saxony was quite removed out of the ancient and true Saxony and confined within Thuringia Misnia and the Country about Wittemberg called the Dutchy of Saxony or Ober Sachsen The only possessions of the Modern Dukes Only by a further accumulation in the year 1583 the House of Heneberg totally failing that of Saxony took possession of it by vertue of a Conferternity made between those Princes in the year 1554. And also that since the last War of Bohemia the Emperor gave the Upper and Lower Lusatia to John George Elector of this House who died the 8th of October 1656 and was Interred the 4th of Febr. 1657 with more then Regal pomp there being 3500 persons in Mourning and 24 Horses of State covered with Black and the Electorate Eschucheon Embroidered thereon every one of them led by two Gentlemen This Elector bequeathed by his last Will to John George his Eldest Son the Lands inseparable from the Electoral Dignity viz. the Dutchy of Saxony together with the Upper and Lower Lusatia with some Baliwicks about Dresden to Augustus the Administrator of Magdeburg with twelve Baliwicks about Hall and in Thuringia To Christian the Diocess of Mersbourg and some Lands in Vortland and in the Mountains To Maurice besides the Diocesses of Naumburg and Zeitz all that of his Electoral Highness in the Principality of Heneburg These are all the Princes of Saxony of the Descendents of the Elector Augustus Brother to Maurice Duke of Saxony of a younger House who have their Habitation at Hall at Mersburg at Naumburg and at Dresden for John Frederick Sirnamed the Magnanimous of the House of Frederick the First Sirnamed the Warlike aforesaid was in the Protestant Wars taken Prisoner by the Emperour Charles the Fifth by whom he was deprived of his Lands and Electorship which was given to Maurice aforesaid his Kinsman but after five years Captivity or Imprisonment his Lands but not the Electorship were restored to him again which his Successors now possess which are now divided into three Branches viz. of 1. Altembourg and Coburg 2. Of Weymar 3. Of Gotta and Eisenach To these we may add the Principality of Anhalt which is divided amongst many Princes who reside at Dessaw at Beremborg at Pleskaw at Zerbst and at Cotsen Intermingled with these are the Counts of Mansfield Hohenstein Schwartzburg Stolberg c. with two Imperial Cities Northausen and Mulhausen and the University of Jena all these Estates are contained within Misnia Thuringia or Duringe and Saxony or Sachsen and Lusatia or Lavenitz Other chief places are 1. Misnia or Meissen seated upon the Elbe whence the Province had its Name a Bishops Sea adorned with three fair Castles or Palaces of the Bishops Burgraves and of the Dukes of Saxony 2ly Lipsia Leipsig or Leipsick not very large but wealthy and populous beautified with fair Buildings of Stone viz. the Castle and St. Nicholas Church 'T is a rich Empory and noted University seated upon the River Elster having three Marts in the year Famous also for two great Battels fought near unto it in the last Swedish Wars One between Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden and Count Tilly General of the Imperialists 1631 wherein the Swedes obtained a great Victory Tilly was wounded and lived not long after In the other Torstenson the Swede overcame Arch-Duke Leopoldus Gulielmus and Octavio Piccolomini Generals of the Imperial Army And about a mile and half from hence at Lutzen another great Battel was fought 1632 between the King of Sweden and the Imperial Army commanded by Wallenstein Duke of Friedland wherein the Swedes obtained the Victory but the King of Sweden was slain and on the Imperial side that famous Godfrey Count of Pappenheim for that Victorious King could not die but conquering and Pappenheim ought not to fall but in the company of so great a Prince But the chiefest is Dresden incolis Dresda Italis the Seat and Residency of the Elector of Saxony Grand Marshal of the Empire seated upon the River Elbe over which there is a very noble Stone-Bridg of 17 Arches 't is well fortified after the Modern way with a strong wall and a large Ditch having three Gates Places most worth the seeing here are the Italian Garden in the Suburbs The Hunters House in the old Town The Electors Palace His House for wild Beasts His Stable His Arsenal and his Kunstkammer or Collection of Rarities Here the Lutheran Women mourn in White and say Grace 4. Freiberg a noted place with others adjacent for its Silver Mines a round well walled City with a Piazza Castle and five Gates In St. Peter's Church is the fair Monument of Duke Maurice Elector of Saxony which in Octob. 1632 upon the surrender of the Town cost 80000 Dollars to save it from being ransacked and defaced 5. Wittenberga Wittenburg in ober Sachsen in an open Plain upon the Elbe strongly fenced with Bulwarks Walls c. a noted University for Lutheran Divines where also are the Sepulchres of Luther born at Eisleben in the Earldom of Mansfeldt And of Melancthon South of Misnia if not comprehended in it lies a little Country called Voitland or Viteland which seemeth to take its Name from the Juites or Vites who together with the Saxons and Angles conquered Britain and gave Name to the Isle of Wight It s chief place now is Zwickaw Cignea in Scrip. Germ. Marchia Brandeburgensis THE Marquisate of Brandenburg is a large Country well stored with Woods Lakes and Fens and in some places with Corn. It is generally divided into two parts the old and the new Marquisate The Metropolis of the old is Brandenburg or
who has set up a Parliament and built a very strong Cittadel to secure it It is observed of Tournay that it was taken four several times upon St. Andrews day 1. By Henry the VIII King of England 2. By the Emperor Maximilian the First 3. By the Emperor Charles the Fifth 4. By the Duke of Parma Douay Dracum upon the Confines of Artois and Haynault is indifferent strong the Church of Nostredam is about 1200 Years old It is a Staple of Corn and Honoured with an University Courtray Cortracum upon the Lis an Ancient Town and of great Importance by reason of its Situation 't is the best in the County next the Capital places and the Inhabitants are excellent Artists in Diapring Linnen-Cloaths Dunkirk Dunquerea Duinkerk a Town of great Importance by reason of the conveniency of the Port and is one of the most considerable Purchases of the French King taken by the Duke of Orleance 1644. Graveline Gravelinga Grevelinghen not far from it a very considerable and strong Town Furna Furnes the Residence of Lovis the XI during his Retirement with the Duke of Burgundy The Soil is so fertile that the Low-Countries as the Natives say would have produced as much Riches as the Indies had all their Territories been as fruitful as that of Furnes Near Niue or Neoportus was fought that memorable Battel betwixt the Arch-Duke Albert and the States where by the valour of the English and the excellent conduct of those Noble and gallant persons Sir Francis and Sir Horatio Vere the Victory next under God was gained for the States Artois Artesia United to the Crown of France by the Pyraenean Treaty from which it was dismember'd is a Province extraordinary fertile in Corn. Arras Gallis Artrebatum the Origiacum Ptol. Atrecht Belgis the Capital City thereof consists of a High and Low Town both very strong since the last Conquests of the French King the River which belongs to it has been made Navigable for Vessels to go beyond Doway Hesdin Hesdinum is a Regular Hexagon by which the River was Navigable as far as Montrevil Bapaume Bapalma is a place that cannot well be Besieged because there is no Water in all the Neighbourhood Lins is famous for the Victory of the French in the year 1648. where the Prince of Ligne and the Marquis of Grana were taken with 20 Captains 6000 and 200 common Soldiers 40 Great Guns and 90 Insigns Bethune makes excellent good Cheese And Terroane Tervanna Terwin is known by its Ruins St. Omers Audomaropolis Fannum S. Aadomari is a strong City surrounded with Marshes wherein there are Floating Islands Haynault Hannona by the Dutch Henegow according to the Report of the Inhabitants and the Records of the Province acknowledgeth only God and the Sun for their Supreme Lords however it has now two other Lords the French King and the King of Spain Mons Montes by the Dutch Bergben the Capital City Fortified with three Moats is Governed by a Soveraign Council Independent from the Parliament of Malines It has also Canonesses that prove their Nobility for 300 Races and are permitted to Marry Near Mons the valiant Earl of Ossory did wonders and so desperately engaged the French that the Duke of Luxemburg was never so roughly handled This County of Hainault contains four Principalities Barbancon Chimai Conde and Ligne 3 Marquisates Aisaux Terlon Vergnies and 15 Counts The Estate is ancient being sometimes a part of the great Earldom of Ardenne from which it was divided and made a distinct Earldom by Alberick Sirnamed the Orpheline one of the youngest Sons of Brunulph Count of Ardenne slain by Dagobert a French King who had this part with title of Earl given him by Sigebert King of Austrasia to be held under the Soveraignty of the French Kings After long continuance and often changes it was by Jaqueline the last Princess wanting Heirs surrendered together with Holland Zealand and West-Friesland united in Families unto Philip the Good Duke of Burgundy her next Kinsman In whose House the right but the possession in the French King now remaineth at least the greatest part Valentiennes Valentiana is a great fair and well fortified place taken by the French 1677. lying upon the Scheld Quercetum Quesnoy Landdecium Landrecy Avenna Avesnes Philippevilla Philipville and Marienburgh Mariaburgum are strong places all in the French Kings Power as also Aeth Athum a considerable Town together with Binch Binchium Marimont not far from it was one of the fairest Houses in all the Country Mary Queen of Hungary having omitted nothing that might adorn the Structure The Battel of Senef 1674. was one of the most remarkable Exploits of that exquisite General the Prince of Conde Luxemburgensis Ducatus The Dutchy of Luxemburg Luceburgum so called from the Image of the Sun there worshipped It is a strong place of Defence but surrendred to the French 1684. It was sometimes a part of the Principality of Aâ—â—enne By â—â—e Emperor Charles the Fourth made a Dukedom in the person of his brother Wenceslaus By Elizabeth the last Princess wanting Heirs it was sold to Philip the Good Duke of Burgoign Has a City that bears the same Name Thionville Theodonis Villa Lewis the 14th of France was not much advanced in the fifth year of his Age ere he began to triumph over his Enemies at the memorable Battel of Rocroy 1643. and the gaining of Thionville by the Conduct of the Duke D'Anguien Montmedi Mons Medius Danvilliers Damuillâ—rium belong to the French King And Yuoix Yuodium by the French Carigan There are some Lands in the Forest of Arden that belong to the Bishop of Liege that is to say Bovilion Bullionium with the Title of a Dutchy and a strong Castle upon the Rock or high Hill whereof was named that famous Godfry of Builâ—on Duke of Lorrain and the first of the Latins King of Jerusalem St. Hubert to whom the Huntsmen make particular Devotions And Rochefort that beheld the French Victors over the Spaniards at the Battel of Avin in the year 1635. Brabant Brabantia in the middle of the Low-Countries has four Capital Cities of as many Countries Brussels Lovaine Breda and Boisleduc Brussels Bruxella is a City very well Peopled the Seat of the Governour in whose Palace is room enough to lodg several Kings The Channel that runs to Antwerp is one of the greatest Undertakings in the Low-Countries wherein there are prodigious Sluices for the Making whereof Sums of Money no less prodigious were expended The Church of St. Gudula is one of the fairest in all the Country The Neighbourhood of the Forest of Sognies lies very convenient for Hunting Lovaine Lovanium which some affirm to be the Capital City of Brabant is one of the biggest Cities of Europe with a famous University which gives the Natives occasion to call it a City of Scholars Brussels a City of Curtesans Antwerp a City of Merchants and Malines a City of Advocates by reason of its Parliament Tillemont was taken
by force in the year 1635. by the French and Hollanders Niville is made Remarkable by her Canonesses for the fine Linnen-cloth made there and for the fair High-ways round about it Breda and Boisleduc by the Dutch Hertogenbosch Busium Ducis belong to the States-General of the Vnited Provinces as also Bergen-opzoom and Grave Bergen-opzoom is famous for the notable resistance it made to Spinola 1622. All these places are very strong and Boisleduc is so Naturally as well as Artificially Fortified by reason of its Marshes that before it was taken it was thought impregnable It belonged to the Family of Nassaw a strong Town of War after a stout long and resolute Siege taken in by the Arch-Dutchess Isabella afterwards retaken by a few venturous Gentlâ—men who hiding themselves in a Boat covered with Turf were conveyed into the Castle which they mastered and the next day made the Prince of Orange Lord of it again The Brabanders claim a Privilegâ— to debate of nothing out of the Limits of their Country of whom Eâ—asmus's Proverb was Brabante quo magis senescunt eo magis stultescunt The Marquisate of the Holy Empire derives its Name from its Situation lying upon the Ancient Bounds of France and the Empire and whither the Emperors were wont to send Governours which they called Marquesses There is only the City of Antwerp in it Atuacutum Aduatacum Jou Becano Andoverpum al. Antuerpia Antwerpen incolis Antwerp Ang. Anveres Hisp Anvers Gal. Antorfi Germ. Anversa Italiâ— One of the fairest and most pleasant Cities in all the Low-Countries for which Reason Charles the First called it his Holy-day City The Importance of the Situation hath caused it to be strongly fortified with ten great Bastions and one of the strongest Cittadels in Europe flank'd with five great Bastions lined with Brick and Free-stone This Cittadel was Built toward the highest part of the River that it might command the City and be succoured from that part of the Country which was Subject to its Prince The Duke of Alva who Built the Cittadel caused his Statue to be set up which was afterwards taken down The Jesuits in Antwerp have a Church Built all of Marble which is said to be the fairest which they have in the World. Formerly this City has been reckoned to have contained above 200000 Persons and to have had above 2500 Ships upon the Scheld But she has lost much of her Trade and Grandeur ever since the Dutch became Masters of the Entrance into her River There is also in Brabant the Dukedom of Arschot the Marquisate of Bergen-opzoom the Earldoms of Hoochstraten and Megen the Baronies of Breda Diest and Grimbergen Malines is the Residence of the Parliament of the Catholick Provinces of the King of Spain Her Territories are very small consisting of about nine Villages yet making one of the 17 Provinces And it is Reported that the Women of Malines when they are ready to Lye-in go into Brabant to be brought to Bed to the end their Children may enjoy the Privileges of the Brabanders Namur Namurcum is a Town of consequence by reason of the passage over the Meuse in that part where the Sambre falls into her Marble Slate and Sea-coal are thence Transported Charleroy Carolo-regium upon the Sambre is one of the best Fortresses of the Low-Countries since it fell into the hands of the French restored by the Treaty of Nimeguen to the Spaniards Limburgh Limburgum has only the Town of the same Name which is of any Remarque with a strong Castle upon a Rock taken by the French King in the year 1675. Walkemburg Falcoburgium and Dalem two Earldoms are part of this Dutchy The Country of Liege belongs to its Bishop to whom the Inhabitants formerly gave the Title of Grace He is Elected by the Chapter who formerly Resided at Tongres or Tongeren Civitas Tungrorum Ptol. Advatuca Tongrorum Here flourished in the time of the Romans an ancient Bishops See after the Invasion and spoil by Atilas and the Huns by whom the Town was sacked and destroyed in the year 498. It was removed by St. Savatius to Maestreich afterwards in the year 713. by St. Hubert it was removed to Luick or Leidg where now it resteth The Bishoprick is of a large Extent and has many places within the Limits of the Neighbouring Provinces Leige Leodicum Leodâ—um is a City of Trade and as they say the Paradise of the Ecclesiasticks It is Remarkable that in the year 1131. there were among the Canons of the Cathedral Church nine Sons of Kings 14 Sons of Dukes 29 Sons of Earls and 7 Sons of Barons The Elector of Cologne Prince thereof caused a Cittadel to be Built there The Cathedal of Liege beareth the Name of St. Lambert who was Bishop of Maestrich murthered by Dodo c. about the year 622. The Cittadel standeth upon a Hill and is of great strength built to keep the City in subjection since the year 1649. Maestreich for its Fortifications and the famous Sieges which have been laid to it in that of 1673. the English signalized their Valour under the Conduct of the Duke of Monmouth The Treaty of Nâ—miguen restored it to the Dutch who now possess it The Quarry of Stone about a quarter of a mile from the Town is one of the noblest in the World far surpassing the Cave of Custoza or Cubola said to be 500 fathoms in breadth and 700 in length This is two miles in length under ground high and stately no Labyrinth can be contrived more intricate and yet all parts uniform The Spa is a neat Village in the Forest of Ardenna seated in a Bottom encompassed with Hills A place which for the vertue of its Miniral Springs is as famous as beneficial to Mankind Maestreich Trajectum ad Mosam is composed of two Towns Maestreich that formerly was said to belong to the Duke of Brabant and Wick that was an Appurtenance to the Bishop of Leige's Territories Cambreses now almost environed by the Territories of France The City of Cambray Cameracum by the Dutch Camarick has two good Cittadels the Guard whereof was seldom committed to any other than Natural Spaniards There is a Sun-Dial of singular Workmanship wrought by a Shepherd It is a Town which in times of Peace yearly exposed to Sale above 60000 Pieces of fine Cloth. It was taken by the French at the beginning of the Year 1677 though before the Kings of Spain uncontradicted by the Emperor did appropriate to themselves the Temporal Jurisdiction of Cambray as being of the same Nation and the Arch-Bishops thereof in vain sollicited for their re-establishment Those Prelates were called Arch-Bishops and Dukes of Cambray Earls of Cambresis and Princes of the Holy Empire though generally they neither had Seat or Voice in their Diets The Extent of these Provinces is but small but it is one of the best peopled and Richest spots of Ground in the World more wholsome than formerly towards Germany Hilly and Woody as we have
Peerships and divers of new Creation a great number of Principalities Dukedoms Marquisates Earldomes Baronies and other Lordships Eleven Parliaments eight Chambers of Accounts 22 Generalities or Publick places of Receipt of the Kings Revenue There are four Principal Rivers the Seine whose Water is accounted the strongest in the World and more wholesome to drink than Fountain-water The Loire King of the French Rivers the Garonne most Navigable and the Rhone or Rosne most rapid By others thus Characterized the Loire the sweetest the Rhone the swiftest the Garonne the greatest and the Seine the richest The Seine riseth in Burgundy watering Paris and Roan disburdening it self into the English Channel The Sequana of Caesar The Loyre riseth about the Mountains of Avergne being the highest in France watering Nantes and Orleance and augmented with 72 lesser Rivers mingleth its sweet Waters in the Biscain or Gascogne Sea. The Ligeris of Caesar The Rhone or Rhosne springeth up about three miles from the Head of the Rhine watering Lions Avignon c. and taking in 13 lesser Rivers falleth into the Mediterranean Sea near Arles The Rhodanus of Caesar The Garone running from the Pyrenean Hills glideth by the Walls of Bourdeaux and Tholouse and with the addition of 16 other Rivers dilates it self into the Aquitain now Biscain Ocean The Garumna of Caesar The Mountains by Ancient Authors were the Gebâ—nna by Caesar Cammani Ptol. Ital. running along by Languedâ—c Chevennes and Avergne now les Sevennes The Jura Caes Jurassus Ptol. which divideth the French County from Savoy and the Swisses now called by several Names The Vogesus almost Encircling Lorrain and dividing it from Alsatia and Bourgondie now Dauge Mons c. There are several Divisions of France which respect the Church the Nobility the Courts of Justice and the Finances But it suffices here to say that the general state of the Kingdom was held Anno 1614 after the Majesty of Lovis the XIII and that then all the Provinces met under 12 great Governments Four of these Governments lie toward the North upon the Seine and those other Rivers that fall into it viz. Picardy Normandy the Isle of France and Champagne Towards the middle adjoyning to the Loire Bretagne Orlenoise Bourgogne Liâ—nnoise The other four toward the South near the Garonne viz. Guienne Languedoc Dauphine and Provence Under the Orlenoise is comprehended Maine Perche and Beauce On this side of the Loire Nivernois Tâ—uraine and Anjâ—u above the said River beyond it Poiciou Angoumois and Bâ—rry Burgundy hath Brest Under Lionnois are comprehended Lionnois Auvergne Bourbonnois and Marche Under Guienne is Bearne Gascogne and Guienne it self Saintonge Perigort Limâ—sin Querci and Rovergue Under Languedâ—c is Cevennes In each of these Governments are several great Cities the chief of which I shall speak of in Order viz. In Picardy the Storehouse of Paris for Corn is 1. Calais called by Caesar Portus Tecius Portus Britannicus Morinerum Plin. Prom. Icium Ptol. held by the English near 200 Years being taken by Edward the III. after eleven Months Siege in Anno 1347. and unfortunately lost by Queen Mary 1557. seated opposite to Dover in England from which it is distant about ten Leagues A strong Town of great Importance and accounted the Key of France Not far from Calais at a place called Agincourt was the Flower of the French Nobility taken and slain by King Henry the Fifth of England viz. 5 Dukes 8 Earls 25 Lords 8000 Knights and Gentlemen and 15000 common Soldiers 2. Bulloign Cesoriacum Navale Ptol. Portus Morinorum Plin. Civit. Bononensium Ant. Portus Gessoriacus of Caesar a strong Frontier-Town taken by Henry the VIII of England 1544. at which time the Emperor Maximilian bore Arms under the English Cross 3. Amiens Samarobrina Caes Samarobriga Ptol. Civit. Ambianensis Ant. a Walled Town seated upon the Seine well Fortified with an Impregnable Cittadel built by Henry the IV. But most Famous for its Cathedral so beautified within and adorned without that 't is the fairest and most lovely Structure in the West of Europe 4. St. Quintin Augusta Romanduorum Ptol. Civit. Veromannorum Ant. Quinctinopolis Fanum St. Quinctine in Scriptis Gall. two Leagues from Augusta Veromanduorum now Vermand Baud. Crecie the French Cannae famous for their great Overthrow and the Victory of the English in the Reign of Philip the Sixth A strong Frontier-Town Memorable for the Battel there Anno 1557. where King Philip the II. of Spain with the English under the Command of the Earl of Pembroke overthrew the whole Forces of the French. Laon a Bishops Sea whose Bishop is one of the Twelve Peers of France Laudunum Ant. Soissons Augustata Vessonum Ptol. a Bishops See the last place the Romans held in Gaul driven out by Clovis the Fifth 5. Guise of most Note for the Dukes of Guise a Family that in a little time produced two Cardinals and six Dukes besides many Daughters married into the best Houses of France In Normandy formerly Neustria are 1. Rouen or Roan Rothamagus Ptol. Rotomagentium Ant. seated on the Banks of the River Seine over which there is a Famous Bridge of Boats. Taken by Henry the Fifth after six Months Siege where were famished 50000 and 12000 Starvelings turned out of the Town An Arch-Bishops See and Parliament In the Chief Church called Nostre-Dame is the Sepulchre of John Duke of Bedford It is a place of as great a Trade as any in France and one of the Principal Cities where Exchanges are used 2. Dieppe a City of some Trade being a common Landing-place for the English in their Passage into France And is famous for its fidelity and allegiance to Henry the Fourth when the Guisian Faction in derision called him King of Dieppe 3. Falaise once a strong Town Memorable for the Story of Arlet the Skinners Daughters of whom Duke Robert begat William the Conqueror in spight to whom and disgrace to his Mother the English call Whores Harlots Here also was the Roy d' Juidot and Verneil when besieged by Philip the Second of France King Richard the First of England to keep his promise broke through the Palace of Westminster and raised the Siege Haure de Grace Newhaven by the English in Latin Franciscopolis a Cautionary Town to Queen Elizabeth Portus Gratiae of old Auranches Ingena Ptol. Civit. Abrincantum Ant. Constances Constantia Ant. Cherbourg Caesaris Burgum a strong Sea-coast Town Bayeux Cit. Bajocassium Ant. Caen Cadomum graced with a University founded by King Henry the Fifth King of England and the Abbey with the Tombs of William the Conqueror and Maud his Wife Lyseux Cit. Lexoviorum Ant. Eureux Mediolanum Ptol. c. The third Government is the Isle of France whose City is Paris formerly Lutetia because seated in a Clayie Soil A City that for its Riches Power and Number of Inhabitants may contend with any in Europe Seated on the Seine and on a Soil so fertile that no City knows such Plenty 't
Dutchy was seized on by the French. Adjacent to and in the Government of Bourgondy is Brest the chief Town thereof is Bourg or Briss a place well built and so strongly Fortified that it is esteemed impregnable This Country was by the Duke of Savoy delivered to Henry the IV. of France in lieu of the Marquisate of Saluces 1600. In the Province of Guien wherein are the Provinces of Gascoign Guien and Bern are many Cities the chief whereof are Bourdeaux Burdegala Strab. Ptol. Cit. Burdegalensium Ant. seated upon the Banks of the River Geronne famous for being the Birth-place of King Richard the II. of England At present Honoured with an University and Parliament and is a place of good Trade Near to this City is the small Village called Greve which yields those Excellent Wines called Graves Wine About the year 1259. Lewis of France gave unto Henry the Third of England the Dutchy of Guien conditionally that he should renounce all Title to his other Inheritances It continued English till 1452. In the particular Guien is the Province Saintonge whose chief place is Saintes Mediolanum of old Strab. Mediolanium Ptol. Cit. Santorum Ant. 2. The Province of Perigort whose chief place is Perigueux Vessuna of Ptol. Cit. Petrogoriorum Ant. Environed with Viney-Downs divided into two Towns. 3. The Province of Limosin whose chief place is Limoges Ratiastum Ptol. Lemovicum al. Lemavicum Am the Prison of Beggers 4. The Province of Querci whose chief place is Cahors Dueona Ptol. Cit. Cadorcorum Ant. a Rich and Fair City 5. The Province of Rovergue whose chief place is Rodez Segodunun Ptol. Cit. Rotenorum Ant. In the Province of Gascoign are several Countries whose chief Cities or Towns are Bazas Cossium of Ptol. Cit. Vasatum Ant. Dax or D'Acqs Aquae Augustae of Ptol. Cit. Aqueâ—sium Ant. Auch Augusta of Ptol. Cit. Ausciorum Ant. an Archbishops See. Agen Aginium Ptol. Agennensium Ant. Condom Condomum a Bishoprick Bajonne Baiona Merc. near Spain In the middle of the small River Vidosa between France and Spain is the Island Faisans not mention'd by any Geographer I know of where Cardinal Mazarine and Don Lewis of Harro began the Pyrenean Treaty the 13 Aug. 1659. and whence in the year 1660. hapned the Interview between the two Kings and the Reception of the Iafanta when the Island was divided in the middle and a House built so that at the Table where the two Kings sate to eat the King of France sate in France and the King of Spain in Spain In the Government of Lionoise are the several Provinces of Lionoise Avergne Bourbon and March. In Lionoise the chief City is Lyons by the Ancients Lugdunum seated upon the conjunction of the Rosne with the Soane esteemed the second City of France a Famous mart-Mart-Town Ancient and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Primate of all France In Avergne is Cleremont Claro Montium upon its high Mountain In Bâ—urbon Moulins the Centre of France Molinum of old much resorted unto from all parts of France for its Hot Medicinal Baths Gergobia al. Gergobina Caesar teste Parad. Belfor In March Gueret and Bellac are the most considerable In the Government of Languedoc are 1. Tholouse Talosa Caes Strab. Ptolomy Seated on the Garonne the Seat of an Arch-Bishop and an University near whose large Fields called by old Writers Campi Catalaunici which I rather think to be the Fields near Chalons memorable for the overthrow of Attila King of the Huns whose Army consisted of 500000 of which 180000 that day lost their lives by Aetius the Roman Lieutenant who was rewarded by Valentinian Emperor of the West with the loss of his Head. 2. Narbon Narbo of Caes Plin. Narbona Suet. A. Mar. in the Roman Infancy the most Populous and greatest Town in France and the first Roman Colony Carthage Excepted To which Archelaus Son to Herod King of the Jews was banished by Augustus 3. Montpillier Montpessulanus seated on a high Mountain twelve miles from the Sea an University for the Study of Physick the Country about affording variety of Medicinal Herbs memorable for the Resistance it made against Lewis the XIII in the last Civil War about Religion Nismes Nemausus Strab. Mel. Nemausium Plin. Ptol. Nemausensium Ant. In the year 1270. Languedoc returned to the Crown in the days of Philip the Third In the Government of Dolphin which is the Title of the first Son of France is Vienna Situate on the Rosne an A. B.'s See and the chief of this Province 2. Valence a Bishops See and University for the Civil Law a Rich Strong and well Traded Town the Title of Caesar Borgia when he cast off his Cardinals Hat. 3. Grenoble Cit. Gratianopolita Ant. Accusionorum Col. Ptol. Grationopolis Sido P. Diac. a Parliament-Seat Briancon Bigantio Ant. Gap Cit. Apencensium Ant. c. Of the Seven Wonders of Dauphine see Allard Sylva in Latin Verse which are 1. The Burning Fountain 2. The Tower Sane Venin 3. The inaccessible Mountain 4. The Wine-Fats of Sassinage 5. The Vinous Fountain 6. The Manna of Briancon 7. And the Fountain of Barberon Provence took its name from the Romans who being called in by the Marsillians possessed themselves of this Country until Stilico called in the Burgundians of which Kingdom it was a member until the time of the Ostrogoths Anno 504. In the year 1480. Rhene Grandchild to Lewis Duke of Anjou Brother to Charles the First gave it to the Lewis the Eleventh King of France Chief Towns are 1. Marseilles Massillia commodiously seated on the Mediterranean Sea enjoying an Excellent Haven and Road for Ships a place of great Trade and well frequented with Merchants and a Colony of the Phocians 2. Aix Aqua Sextiae a Parliament Seat near this Town the Cimbri consisting of 300000 fighting men as they passed by Marius asked his Soldiers what Service they would command them to Rome but in their march through the Alpes having divided themselves Marius put them all to the Sword who had slain Q. Servilius Caepio and his whole Army after his surprisal and pillaging of the Aurum Tolosanum 3. Arles Arelate Plin. Arelatum Col. Ptol. 4. Toulon Tauroentium Ptol. Taurentium Strab. the best Sea-port Town in all France On the North-West of Provence lies the Principality of Orange whose chief place is Orange Arausia Plin. Arusio Strab. Col. Arausiorum Ptol. C. Arausinorum Ant. Famous for many Rare and Wonderful Antiquities belonging of Ancient Right to his Illustrious Highness the Prince of Orange but of late years seized upon by the French King. South of which lies the County of Venasin so called from Avenio now Avignon the chief City of it Famous for being the Ancient Seat of the Popes for about 70 years said to have 7 Parish-Churches 7 Monasteries 7 Nunneries 7 Palaces 7 Inns and 7 Gates to its Walls To these Governments might be added Lorrain the French Comte Alsace most part of the Spanish Provinces
Toledo Burgos Compostella Sevil Granada Valencia Sarrogossa and Tarragon There are several very considerable Sea-Ports Passagio St. Andrews Coruna Cadiz Cartagena Alicant c. Biscaie formerly called Cantabria is Mountainous and Woody which furnish them with Timber to build more Ships than all the Provinces of Spain besides It hath also so great a Number of Mines and Iron Forges that the Spaniards call it the Defence of Castile and the Armory of Spain The Biscayners who were the Ancient Cantabrians enjoy very great Privileges and boast themselves never to have been thoroughly Conquered either by the Romans Carthaginians Goths or Moors They use a different Language from that of the other Inhabitants of the Country and is said to be the ancient Language of Spain for as they remained in their Liberties not Mastered so in their Language not altered They differ from the rest of Spain also in Customs yielding their Bodies but not their Purses to the King not suffering any Bishop to come amongst them and causing their Women to drink first because Ogno a Countess would have poysoned her Son Sancho The Land as well as in the Country of Guipuscoa is very well Tilled for they pay neither Tax nor Tenth nor Right of Entry Their chief Cities are Bilboa and St. Sebastian places of great Trade especially in Wool Iron Chesnuts and Bilboa Blades Great Vessels cannot come near Bilboa being seated two miles from the Ocean but upon a High tide It was built or reedified out of the Ruins of the ancient Flaviobriga of Ptol. by Diego de Harro 1300. The Port of St. Sebastian has a very fair Entrance being Defended by two Castles the one toward the East seated high the other to the West upon a low Rock St. Andero and Passagio are two Excellent Ports Fuentarabia the stronger place and further Town in Spain and Guataria the Native place of Sebastian Cabot who was the first that compassed the World in the Ship called the Victory Magellanus who went Chief in that Expedition perishing in the Action Laredo Portus Lauretanus hath a spacious Bay. Placenza upon the River Denia is inhabited by Blacksmiths Tolosa upon the Orio River Asturia called by some the Kingdom of Oviedo is the Title of the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Spain being called Princes of Asturia The younger Children whereof are called Infants ever since the Reign of John the First Hence were the small but swift Horses which the Romans called Asturcones the English Hobbies It was the Retreating place of the Kings of the Goths and several of the Bishops during the Invasion of the Moors for which Reason Oviedo Lucum Asturum of Ptol. Ovetum the Capital City thereof is called the City of Kings and Bishops and indeed gave Title to the first Christian Kings after the Moorish Conquest for as the Lust of Roderick a Gothish King of Spain first brought in the Moors so the Lust of Magnutza a Moorish Viceroy proved the overthrow and loss of the Kingdom Other Towns are Aviles on the Sea-shore near Cape de los Penas of old Scythium Prom. Galicia is not so fertile as well Peopled its former Inhabitants were the Gallaici whence it had its Name St. Jago Compostella which Bishoprick and University is there Famous for the Pilgrimages which are thither made by those that go to Visit the Reliques of St. James the Spaniards Patron Coruna by the English the Groine is often mentioned in our Spanish Wars in Queen Elizabeths days The Flavium Brigantium of Ptol. Brigantium of Ant. Strong and the chief Bulwark of Galitia is memorable for the goodness and largeness of her Port The Rich Silver Fleet of above thirty Millions put in there in the year 1661 to avoid the English who to surprize it had way-laid all the Points of the Compass to Cadiz Lugo is the Lucus Augusti of Ptol. and Ant. the Lucus of Plin. now a Bishops See. Orense is the Aquae Calida of Ptol. the Aqua Caleniae of Ant. a Bishops See. Tuy is the Tude of Ptol. Tyde Plin. a Bishops See. There are about forty other Ports in this Province of which Rivadeo Ponte Vedra Bajona are the most considerable Andaluzia formerly Vandalitia from the Vandals By Pliny Conventus Cordubensis is so fair a Country and so plentiful in Corn in Wine and Olives that it passes for the Granary and Magazine of the Kingdom Sevil in this Province is the Magazine of the Wealth of the New World. The Hispalis of Strab. Ptol. and Plin. It is in compass six miles compassed with stately Walls and adorned with no less Magnificent Buildings insomuch that there is a Spanish Proverb Chi non ha Vista Sevilla non ha Vista Meravilla He that at Sevil hath not been Structure's Wonder hath not seen The River Baetis or Gaudelquiver separates it into two parts which are joined together by a stately Bridge from hence the Spaniards set forth their West-India-Fleets and hither they return to unload the Riches of the Western World. It is Dignified with an University wherein studied Avicen the Moor Pope Silvester the Second here also were two Provincial Councils held Anno 584 and 636. and the See of an Arch-Bishop who is Metropolitant of Andaluzia and the fortunate Islands Here was Isodore Bishop From hence comes our Sevil Oranges and here lies the Body of Christopher Columbus Famous for his Discovery of the New World. Not far from hence are to be seen the Reliques of the Italica of Strab. Ptol. and Ant. the Ilipa Italica Plin. the Country of the Emperors Trajan and Adrian now an obscure Village about a League East from Sevil. Cordova that Honoured Antiquity with Lucan and the two Seneca's and was more considerable in the time of the Moors than now The Principal Church was formerly one of the biggest Mosques among the Muhumetans next to that of Mecca Corduba of Strab. Ptol. and Mela a famous Colony of the Romans and Head of a particular Kingdom so called now a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition for this Province Jaen is the Oningis or Oringis of Livi teste Moral taken by Scipio Africanus from the Carthaginians Ecya is the Astigi of Plin. Astygis of Ptol. the Astrapa of Liv. taken by Lucius Martius or rather destroyed by the Inhabitants read Sir W. Rawleigh fol. 744. Iliturgis Ptol. Ilurgis Illiturgis Plin. Iliturgi Liv. Lietor teste Marian Aldea el rio Car. Clusio Andujar Floriano Andujur el viejo Amh. Moral Castulo Ant. Castulon Ptol. Plin. Castaon Strab. Caslono Car Clusio Caslona la voja Florian. between Alcazar and Baeza seated on the Guadelquiver not on the Ana as Heylin saith which being under the Romans was surprized by the Gerasenis but slain by Sertorius entring after them at the same Gate built 100 years before the War of Troy teste Mariana Here Hanibal is said to have took his Wife Himilce and was one of the last Towns that held out for the Carthaginians the chief City of the
Oritani seated upon an high Mountain rather in New Castile than in Andaluzia near Vbeda St. Lucar at the mouth of the Guadalquiver is a Town of great Trade the West-India Gold and Silver Plate has sometimes stop'd at the Tower of the Port which is called the Golden Tower but generally that Fleet puts in at Cadiz or Port St. Maries which is near to it Xeres de la Fontera stands not far from that place where the Moors totally Defeated the Goths in the year 714 after which they harassed all Spain without controul and from hence come our Sherry-Sacks The Acta Regia of Strab. Plin. the Asta of Ptol. Ant. Medina Sidonia the Asindum of Ptol. Asido Caesariana of Plin. whose Duke was General of the Invincible Armado 1588. Tariffa was so called from Tariff General of the Moors in their first Spanish Invasion which Lodovicus Nonius thinks to have been the Famous Tartessus of Hâ—rod Strab. and other Authors rich in Gold and Silver and visited by the continual Fleets of the Tyrian Merchants and by the Phocensis in the Reign of Arganthonius a little before their Expugnation by Cyrus and by some thought to be the same with that Tharsis from whence Solomon's Ships did fetch his Gold for the Temple at Jerusalem Some makes this the same with the Carteia of Mela Ptol. Plin. Cartha of Ovid Cartaea of Steph. as Curio Mariana and Becan but Moralus will have Cartheja or Carteja to be Algezira whose position now is alike uncertain but both seems to me to be the Gibal Tariff of the Arab. or Gibralter Gibralter which now gives a Name to the Famous Streight which joyns the Ocean and the Mediterranean and parts Europe from Africa called by the Ancients Fretum Herculeum Gaditanum Tartessiacum now Estrecho de Gibralter Hispanis This Streight is in length 36 miles from Cape Trafalger to Gibralter in breadth at the Entrance 18 miles at the narrowest place about 7 English miles Pales is the Port from whence Columbus first Embarqued upon his Intentions of a New Discovery And Cadiz Cales Angl. Batavis Cadice Ital. Gades Caes Plin. Mela Gadira Ptol. Erythia Tartessos Strab. Continusa Dionys Is the Harbour of the Rich Plate-Fleets a Port so Important that Charles the Fifth Recommended the conservation thereof in a special manner to his Son Philip the Second Antiquity there shews us the Foot-steps of a Temple Dedicated to Hercules with two Columns either of Copper or Silver which the Natives aver to be the Pillars of that Hero as well as the two Mountains upon each side of the Streights of Gibralter they Report that in this Temple it was that Julius Caesar wept when he called to mind the Prodigious Conquests which Alexander the Great had gain'd at the Age of three and thirty Years the consideration whereof carried him to those High Enterprises as Scipio was incited by the Actions of Zenophon's Cyrus The Kingdom of Granada under the last Kings of the Moors who lost it in the Year 1491. was far more Rich and better Peopled than it is at this day It was also much more Fertile for the Moors had a thousand Inventions to water their Lands by means of Cuts and Trenches bringing the Water from great Reservatories which they made in the Mountains which are called Montes d'los Alpayaras olim Alpuxarras The Situation of this Kingdom and the Position of the Towns agrees with the Relation or Description which Julius Caesar has made The City which bears its Name Granatum al. Granado is the biggest in all Spain its Buildings are of Free-stone Fenced about with a strong Wall on which are 130 Turrets and it hath 12 Gates It is very pleasant Dwelling there by reason of the pureness of the Air and plenty of Fountains the Moors placing Paradise in that part of Heaven which is the particular Zenith of this place Malaga Malaca Ptol. Strab. Mel. Ant. a strong Town and Bishops See. Velez Malaga is the Sex of Ptol. Sexitanum Ant. Sexi Firmum Julium Plin. Is Famous for the Excellency of its Wines and Raisins Munda is Notable for Julius Caesar's Victory over Pompey's Sons For near unto this place in a Wood was fought that notable and last Battel between Caesar and Pompey's Sons the Honour of the day fell to Caesar though not without great loss In other Battels he used to say he fought for Honour in this for his Life which not long after he lost being murthered in the Senate-House Almeria is the Abdara Ptol. Abdera Mela founded by the Tyrians Strab. by the Carthaginians Plin. Antiquera is the Singilia Plin. Alhama the Artigis of Ptol. noted for its Medicinable Baths Gaudix is a Bishops See. Loxa enjoys a pleasant Situation Muxacra is thought to be the Murgis of Ptol. Plin. Huesca the Osca of Ptol. Vera the Vergao of Plin. Murcia is said to be the Garden of Spain by reason of the plenty of Excellent Fruits in those parts and so abounding in Silver Mines that the Romans kept 400 men at work The City also that bears its name the Menralia of Ptol. drives a great Trade in Silk Cartagena built by Asdrubal of Carthage Father of the Great Hannibal and taken in the second Punick War by Scipio Africanus twice sacked and razed by the Barbarous Goths and Vandals re-edified and fortified by Philip the Second King of Spain Is a good Sea-Port a safe and large Harbour Caravaca affords the wood for the Cross to which the Spaniards attribute a power to preserve men from Thunder Valencia is the most delightful Country of all Spain The City besides the name of the Province bears the name of Fair and Great Valencia An Arch-Bishops See the Valentia of Ptol. Plin. c. seated not far from the mouth of the River Durias by Mela Turium Plin. Turia Turias by others now Guadalaviar Clusio A University where studied St. Dominick the Father of the Dominicans Here were born under contrary Stars Ludovicus Vives and Pope Alexander the VI. Cullera a Sea-Town at the mouth of the River Xucar formerly Sacron after the name of the River and is famous in Plutarch for the Victory of Sertorius against Pompey Denia Dianicum of Ptol. Strab. Plin. and Solin gives Title to the Marquess of Denia since Created Duke of Lerma Alicant is known by the good Wines which are Transported from thence Upon the Sea-shore at a place called Morvedra are to be seen the Ruins of the Antient Saguntum of Polyh the destruction whereof by Hannibal occasioned the second Punick War. A Town so faithful to the Romans that the Inhabitants chose rather to burn themselves than yield to Hannibal Founded by the Zachynthians Here is also the Promontory Ferraria of Mela. Artemisum Strab. Dianium Cic. Plin. Ptol. Puncia del Emperador or Attemuz teste Beuth. now Cabo Martin the refuge of Sertorius in his Wars against Metellus and Pompey Laurigi teste J. Mariana is the Lauro or Lauron of Plutarch the
now gives name to the Order of Knights so called confirmed by Pope Alexander the Third 1164. Alcaraz gives Name to the Mountainous Tracts of Sierra de Alcaraz Cuenca a Bishops See and Seat of the Inquisition once an Invincible Fortress of the Moors against the Christians yet won from them Anno 1177 by Sanctius the Second King of Castile Siguenca or Siguenxa is the Segontia Strab. Plin. the Secuntia of Liv. Secontia Ant. Segontialacta of Ptol. a City of the Celtiberi now a Bishops See having a fair Cathedral The Kingdom of Leon was the first which the Christians established after the Invasion of the Moors The City which bears its name has in it a Cathedral famous for its beauty The Church of Toledo is magnified for its wealth that of Sevil for its bigness that of Salamanca for its strength The City of Salamanca is honoured with an University which has the Priviledg to teach the Hebrew Greek Arabick and Chaldee Languages They talk here of the Valley of Vatuegas lately discovered in the Mountains of this Kingdom and which was never known before from the time of the Moors Invasion discovered by the occasion of an Hawk of thâ— Duke of Alva's which was lost amongst those Mountains His Servants clambering from one Hill to another in search of it at last happened into a pleasant and large Valley where they spied a Company of naked Pataco's or Savage people hemmed in amongst those many Rocks or Mountains And then told their Master that instead of his Hawk thâ—y had found a New World in the midst of Spain Upon further discovery and inquiry they were thought to be a remnant of the ancient Spaniards who had hid themselves amongst these Mountains for fear of the Romans Of Catalonia and the County of Roussillon CAtalannia rather Catalonia by the French Catalogne is variously derived by Authors some from Gothalonia of the Goths and Alani some from the Castellani the old Inhabitants hereof Others from the Cattalones who also had here their dwellings others from the Catti of Germany and the Alani of Sarmatia now Lithuania Paulus Hieronymus asserts it to be 170 Italian miles long and 130 broad Boterus tells us there is numbered in this Province one Dukedom viz. Cardona three Marquisates 11 Earldoms many Baronies and Lordships 56 Cities or Walled Towns and six hundred thousand Inhabitants among which were 10000 French Shepherds and Husbandmen Some Authors tells us the Country is Hilly and full of Woods yielding but small store of Corn Wine and fruits some say it abounds with Corn Wine and Oyl Others tell us it is more enriched through its Maritine Situation than by home-bred Commodities Chief places are Barcelona Barcinon of Ptol. Barchino of Mela and Barcino of Plin. and Ant. a Roman Colony Sirnamed Faventia by Plin. Seated upon the Mediterranean Sea betwixt the Rivers Baetulus of Mela now Besons and Rubricat or Lobregat River won from the Moors by Lewis the Godly Son to the Emperor Charles the Great It 's now a rich and noted Port. A Bishops See and Academy said to be built by Hamilcar Ant. Beath saith it was built by Hercules 'T is the Seat of the Vice-Roy and Inquisition for the Province 'T is beautified with stately Buildings both private and publick with delightful Gardens Its Port hath a Bridg or Mole of 750 Paces into the Sea for the better securing of Ships Terragona Terracon Strab. Ptol. Terraco Plin. Mela Solinus is pleasantly seated about a Mile from the Mediterranean Sea upon the East of the River Tulcis now Francolino teste Coquo founded by Cn. and Pub. Scipio during the second Punick War a Repository of ancient Monuments Vid. Nomium c. 85. Afterwards made a Roman Colony and the chief Town giving name to the Province Terraconensis It was An. 1572. an Archbishops See and Academy founded by Cardinal Gaspar Cervan Lerida Llerda Ant. Strab. Ptol. Plin. Lucan A Bishops See and University seated upon the Rivers Sicoris now Segre or Segor and not on the River Linga as Heylin saith and the chief City of Arragon It s adjacent Fields are well stored with Vines Corn Fruits and Oyl oftentimes besieged by the French and as often relieved by the Spaniards And is Famous for the Encounter which happened nigh unto it between Herculejus the Treasurer of Sertorius Army and Manillius Proconsul of Gallia wherein Manillius was discomfited and his Army routed Cerdona is a Dukedom of the same Name where are three things remarkable a Mountain whose Earth is like Meal or Flower A Fountain whose water is of the colour of Red Wine A Salt of divers Colours but if pounded it appears only white Tertosa by the French Tortosa a Bishops See seated upon the River Ebro Dertosa Ptol. Ant. Dertossa Strab. Dertusa Plin. a Roman Colony Fortified with two Castles Vide Marin Siculum Girona Gerunda Ptol. Ant. Plin. a Bishops See and Dukedom gives Titile to the Eldest Sons of the Kings of Arragon built by Gerion 513 years after the Flood teste Beuthero Vich by J. Mariana the Ausa of Ptol. Corbio of Liv. Vicus Aquae Voconiae a Bishops See. 'T was the Randezvous of Count Monteries Country Militia when he attempted the relief of Paysarda but the passages were too well secured by the French. Not far from the right shore of the River Lobregat ariseth the pleasant Mountain Edulius Mons Ptol. Medulius by others now Monserrato a noted place for Miracles Here Ignatius Loyola laid the foundation of the Society of Jesus Anno 1522. This Mountain is said to be two Miles high and four Miles in Circumference stuck full with Anchorets Cells and honoured with a much frequented Chappel and Image of the Blessed Virgin whose ravishing description read in Nonius Bibliothec Hisp and in Zeiler's Description of the place in his Iteneries of Spain Rosas or Roses the Rhoda of Ptol. and Rhodope of Strab. founded by the Emporites or Rhodians under the Pyrenean Mountains a strong place Puig de Cerda or Puigcerda by the French Puicerdan is the chief Town of the Carotani Jugum Carratanorum near the Pyrenean Mountains upon the River Segre Sicoris one League distant from I lâ—via Llivia Livia by Julian Toletanus de expeditione Wambae Regis Jothorum Julia Libyca Ptol. Plin. Linca or Linea Florian by others Insa in Sheldens Manuscript 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Campredon a walled Town near the Springs of the River Ter of Old Sambraca the Sehendunum of Ptol. Jonquera by the French Junquera by the Inhabitants Juncaria Ant. Plin. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Shel Manuscript 't is in the little County of Ampurdan near the Passage of Le Col. de partus Cap de Cruex by Florian is the Aphroditium of Ptol. Templum Veneris Venus Pyrenaea of Strab. Plin. Portus Veneris Mela but Baud. tells us that Port Veneris is now called Port Vendres five Leagues distant from Aphrodisium Prom. Cadaques near Roses is the Cap de Quires of the
of a high Hill or Rock The whole Territory is but one Mountain about three miles in length and about ten miles round containing three Villages more and eight Corn-Mills and two Powder-Mills and about four or 5000 Inhabitants of fighting-men about 1500. It hath been a Free State or Commonwealth for about a 1000 years as the Inhabitants boast Of Tuscany La Toscana TVSCANY comprehends the greater part of the Ancient Hetruria or Etruria and is a Country full of spacious Fields and fruitful Valleys swelled here and there with pleasant Mountains abundantly stored with delicious Wines and other Blessings of Nature Its Metropolis is Florence Florentia or Fiorinza la Bella a fair and flourishing City about six miles in compass seated in a fruitful and pleasant Plain the River Arno divides it into two parts which are joyned together by four fair Stone-Bridges Famous for the Stately and Magnificent Palace of the Great Duke richly adorned and for the largeness of the Building the Architecture and Ornaments of it as also for the Gardens Fountains Statues Rarities in the Gallery in the Closets Armory Argentoria Theriotrophium equalling if not surpassing most Palaces in Europe The Cathedral or Domo St. Maria Florida is also one of the chief Ornaments of it as also the New Chappel of St. Lorenzo said to be the most rich and magnifick Structure in the World. The second City is Pisa once a rich populous and flourishing City when a Free State now poor and much desolate seated at the entrance of the River Arno into the Sea recovered to the Florentines by the Valour of Sir John Hawkwood an Englishman now much eclipsed of its former Riches and Power Memorable for its fair Aquaduct of about 500 Arches its Cathedral with Brazen folding Doors curiously engraved and its Steeple so built that on all sides it seems crooked at the top ready to fall on the Head of the Spectator Siena an Inland City seated in a large pleasant and fertile Territory enriched with Mines of Silver and store of Marble adorned with beautiful Buildings as the proud Palace the lofty Tower of Mangio its Domo built of black and white Marble part of it paved with inlaid Marble containing part of the History of the Bible Legorn or Livorno Portus Liburnus of old a fair and beautiful City accounted the strongest and one of the principal Towns of Trade in the Mediterranean Sea and the Scale of the Florentine Dominions by whom it was purchased of the Genoyses for 120000 Duckets now the Residence of many Merchants and Strangers The Haven within the Mole is but small but there is good riding for Ships without Here the Wind is Easterly in the Forenoon and Westerly in the Afternoon and after Sunset no Wind stirring At Pistoya first began the Quarrels of the Neri and Beanchi and of the Guelfe and Ghibellini The Commonwealth of Lucca is about 80 miles in compass very fertile and so well Inhabited that in two or three hours time it can have ready 30000 men in Arms. The chief City Lucca is a Free Town rich and splendid well Fortified and Adorned with many fair Edifices and stately Churches of which that of St. Martin is the chief 'T is seated in a Plain about two miles in Circuit It bought its Liberty of the Emperor Rodolphus and hath been ever since very zealous to preserve so fair a purchase It was the Meeting-place of Pompey Caesar and Crassus where they joyned into a Confederacy And here the Women walk the Streets more freely than in other Cities of Italy The publick Revenue is thought to be 100000 Crowns per Annum Their Olives the best in Italy Adjoyning to Lucca are the Principality of Malespine and the Principality of Massa containing only Massa and Carrara the last is often the Residence of the Prince the other is noted for its white Marble The Great Duke in all his Dominions is Supreme and absolute Lord and imposes what Taxes and Gabels he pleases every House pays to him the Tenth of its yearly Rent No House or Land sold but at least one Tenth part goes to him No Woman married but he hath 8 per Cent. of her Portion And every one that goes to Law pays 2 per Cent. of what he sues for Every Heifer pays a Crown And not a Basket of Eggs that comes to Market but pays some Toll Besides the Territories of Florence and Pisa called the old State of which he is absolute Soveraign and the Territory of Siena called the New State for which he is Feudatory of the King of Spain He is also possessed of a great part of the Isle of Elba which he holds of Spain part of Graffignana bought of the Marquesses of Malespina The Earldom of St. Fiora purchased of the Strozzi The Marquisate of Sarano And the Earldom of Pitigliano and Sarano and some other small places for which he is Feudatory of the Emperor Radicofani in Tuscany and Burgo San Sepulchro in Vmbria for which he is Feudatory to the Pope His Cittadels and Fortresses are well Fortified and provided with Ammunition and Victuals in which he keeps four or 5000 Soldiery in constant pay He is able to send into the Field 40000 Foot 3000 Horse He can put to Sea twelve Gallies two Galleasses and twenty Ships of War. Intermingled in the Territories of the Great Duke are the Principality of Piombino Noted for some Mines of Lead Fortified with a strong Castle in the Hands of the Spaniards as also some other Ports and Pieces on the Sea viz. Telamon Remarkable for the great Battel fought near unto it by the Romans and the Gauls where Attilius was slain but the Victory was got by Aemilius with the slaughter of 40000 and 10000 Prisoners of the Enemies Estat delli Presidi Orbitello Portus Hercole and Monte Argentaro are all subject to the Spaniards and strongly Garrisoned by them Of Naples or Neapolitanum Regnum Latin. Regno di Napoli Incol THE Third part of Italy we have comprehended under the Kingdom of Naples of large extent and very Fertile abounding with Wines and Wheat and famous for its brave Horses Here you may see large and beautiful Fields over-shaded with rich Vines thick and delightful Woods watered with sweet Fountains wholsome Springs Medicinal Waters Baths of divers Virtues enriched with Mines of several Metals and decked with sundry Physical Herbs Replenished with sair and beautiful Cities and Towns. The chief City is Naples one of the fairest in Europe Seated on the Mediterranean shore amongst pleasant Hills and fruitful Fields Fortified with four brave Castles besides a strong Wall Ditches Towers c. Enriched and Beautified with many superb Structures and Magnificent Churches Monasteries Colledges Palaces of Princes and Nobles with pleasant and delightful Gardens a commodious and safe Port and Haven where are kept store of Gallies Here was the Rebellion under Massanello and in this City the Disease Morhus Gallicus was first known and nigh unto it stands the Hill
Nation in matters of Government Famous in Arms Glorious in Arts Admirable addicted to the love of Vertue Civil of Behaviour affectors of Liberty and every way Noble only in their Commonwealth Principles and Civil Dissentions unhappy But now under the Turkish Yoak their Spirits are low their Knowledg is Ignorance their Liberty contented Slavery their Vertues Vices their Industry Idleness They are generally of good Proportion and of a swarthy Complexion Their Women very well favoured brown and excessive Amorous In Habit and Garb both Sexes generally follow those under whom they live Their Primitive Language needs no Commendation being well known for its lofty sound Elegancy and significant Expressions genuine Suavity and happy Composition of words Excellent for Philosophy and the Liberal Arts but more Excellent for that so great a part of the Oracles of our Salvation is delivered therein but now not only the Natural Elegancy is lost but the Language almost devoured by the Lingua Franca Turkish and Sclavonian Tongues The Christian Religion was here first Planted by St. Paul who went into Macedonia passing thence to Thessalonica from thence to Athens and thence to Corinth watering the greatest part of Greece with the Dew of Heaven But now considering the Tyranny of the Turks on the one side and the Temptations of Preferment on the other 't is almost a Wonder there should be any Christianity left amongst them yet the Gates of Hell cannot prevail against this afflicted Church for its members are endued with a Divine Humility patience and constancy their Priests are reverenced the Articles of Faith and Rules of a Holy life preserved their Fasts and Feasts observed the power of the Keys Exercised and the Judicature of the Church preferred before that of the Divan As to the material Points of their Religion I shall refer to the Description of my Scripture Maps This Country hath formerly been Famous for Miltiades Aristides and Themistocles of Athens Lysander and Agesilaus of Sparta Pelopidas and Epaminondas of Thebes Aratas and Philoparmeus of Achaia Pyrrhus of Epirus Philip of Macedon Alexander the Great brave Commanders For Plato Socrates Aristotle Divine Philosophers For Demosthenes Isocrates Aeschines Eloquent Orators Hesiod Homer c. Excellent Poets Solon and Lycurgus Eminent Law-givers Xenophon Thuciades Plutarch Herodotus Famous Historiographers with several other Authors and Promoters of Arts and Sciences too tedious to relate But to proceed to the Provinces The Inhabitants of Greece were of old divided into three sorts viz. the Iones the more famous whereof were the Athenians The Dores the most renowned of whom were the Lacedemonians and the Aeoles who sent Colonies into Asia near to Phocaea By the ancient Writers called Achei Achiai Argivi Danai Dolopes Dores Dryopes Hellenes Iones Myrmidones and Pelasgi The Province of Romania or Romelia is the Ancient Thrace by Stephanus Aria by some Scythia by Josephus Thyras from Thyras the Son of Japhet by the Turks now called Romeli A Country neither of a Rich Soil nor pleasant Air yet well Inhabited But the chief Glory of this Province and of all the Ottoman Empire is the Renowned City Constantinople formerly called Lygus Byzantium and Nova Roma now by the Greeks Istampoli and by the Turks Stambol seated in the Latitude of 40 Degr. 56. In shape Triangular commanding the Propontis Bosphorus and Euxine Seas Seated on a Haven so deep and Capacious that the Turks for its Excellency call it the Port of the World. At this day the chief Buildings are the Turks Seraglio and the Temple or Mosque of St. Sophia for Beauty and Workmanship exceeding Admirable to behold The Seraglio is a vast place inclosed and divided from the rest of the City with a wall three miles in Compass wherein are stately Groves of Cypresses intermixed with delightful Gardens Artificial Fountains and all varieties of Pleasures which Luxury can effect or Treasure procure The principal Beauty of the City is the situation of it on the Mountains Crowned with Magnificent Mosques with Gilded Spires reflecting the Sun-beams with a marvellous splendor Other Cities of this Province are Andrianopolis or Hadrianopolis Ptol. formerly Oresta Lampridio Vscudava seu Vscadama Ammiano Andernopolis Turcis Endren teste Busb a fair large and well composed City with fair and stately Mosques especially one built by Sultan Soliman the Second a very Magnificent Structure Galipoli formerly Callipolis seated near the Hellespont within the Sea of Marmora the first City that ever the Turks possessed in Europe surprized by Soliman Anno 1358. Below Galipoli is the straitest passage of the Hellespont formerly famous for Xerxes's Bridg but especially for the two Castles Sestos and Abidos noted for the Story of Hero and Leander now called the Dardanelles or Old Castles the New Castles being at the mouth of the Hellespont and are the Bulwark of Constantinople as the Castles on the Thracian Bosphorus are on the other side Galata or Pera is opposite to Constantinople where live all the Foreign Ambassadors Residents and Envoys Belgrade is 12 or 15 miles Northwards where are the Summer-Houses of the Nobility and the Costly Aquaducts that supply Constantinople St. Stephanoes is Inhabited most by Christians At Great Schecmashe are the Seraglio's of the Nobility Selimbria hath Mosques a Bazar and Greek Churches Heraclea Leunc Heraclia Soph. Perinthus Plin. Ptol. its Harbor makes it a Peninsula of four miles in compass now an Arch-Bishops See and its Church the best in Turkie Noted also of old for the Palaces of Vespatian Domitian and Antoninus Emperors of Rome as also for its Amphitheatre cut out of one entire Marble Rodeste Redaestum Plin. Bisanthe Ptol. Rodosto Sophi 30 miles from Heraclia seated on the side of an Hill at the bottom of a Bay peopled with about 15000 Inhabitants Christians Turks and Jews much frequented but of little Trade Myriophyton by the Greeks Murston by the Turks it hath about 200 Houses about five miles from Rodesto Abdera now Asperosa was the birth-place of Laughing Democritus Aenos now Enio Eno Grec Ygnos Turcis a Town of great strength and safety therefore an honourable Prison Lisimachia once of great Importance now Heximily said to be built out of the Ruins of Phillipoli from Philip the Father of Alexander Cardia Cardiapolis Ptol. was the Birth-place of Eumenes a Curriers Son but a famous Warrier Quae Steph. Paâ—s â—adem Lysimachiae Hexamilio The Province or Kingdom of Macedonia was so called from a King Macedo Son of Osiris Others say it had its name from a Son of Jupiter and Thyae or as Solinus says from Macedâ— a Son or Grandchild of Ducalion called also Aemathia Plin. Peonia Aemonia Livio Formerly it contained several Provinces the Names whereof are in my Sheet-Map of Greece and 't is said was inhabited by 150 several Nations By the Ancients it was divided into four Principal parts viz. Prima Secunda Tertia Quarta That towards the West or the Fourth part is now called Albania That part
Badia teste Zardo now Livadio or Libadia Wheeler and gives name to all Achaia The Christians have here four Churches and the Turks five Moschs Their Trade is in Woollen Stuffs and Rice and near it is the Trophonian Cave and Grove where was an Oracle given by Jupiter 4. Ascraea the Birth-place of Hesiod 5. Chaerona that of Plutarch 6. Granitza a Bishoprick 7. Coronaea the same or near to Dymnia i. e. two Months because Corn is sowed ripe and reaped in that time teste Wheeler Here were the Coronaei Agri where the Games Pambriotia were Celebrated 8. Alalcomene probably now St. Georgio where is a Convent and two Churches 9. Thespia now Neocorio hence Musae Thespiades 10. Platea now said to be called Cocla in whose Plain was Mardonius slain and 160000 Persians and of the Grecians but 699. 11. Leuctra betwixt Thespia and Platea now Parapagia in whose Plains the Thebans overthrew the Spartans some of whom had ravished Scedasus Daughters 12. Thisbae now Rimo Castri it hath now about 100 Cottages of Greeks and Albaneses 13. Tanagra of old Graea Paemandria now Scamino its Ruins are large it hath about 200 Houses and many Greek Churches 't is situate near Mount Cerycius on the River Asopus that divides Attica and Baeotia over against Oropus It s chief Lakes are 1. The Lake of Livadia formerly called Copais Cephisis about forty miles in compass The Streams and Torrents that fall into it would drown all Baeotia but for the Subterraneous Channels the Wonders of Art and Nature that suck in the water and convey it into the Aegean Sea These Subterraneous Catabathra are about fifty in all 2. The Helica Palus now Lake Thives It s chief Rivers are Asopus now Scamino and Cephissus River It s chief Mountains were 1. Helicon a Poetis decantatissimus Musis Sacer by the Inhabitants called Eialia now Zagara Wheel 2. Cithaeron Mons Musis Sacer now Elatea Mons teste Wheel Chief Places in Aetolia are Lepanto Naupactus Ptol. Neopactus Cic. Naupactum Plin. Lepanti Gallis Epactos Graecis Einebachri Turcis teste Leonc An Archiepiscopal City now built from the Sea-shore to the top of a high Conical Mountain having four Ranges of Walls before the Castle which is seated on the top of the Mountain It s Harbour is narrow at its Entrance and shallow where 't is said the famous Cosair Durack Bey Basha of Candia resided In the year 1408. it was subject to the Emperour of Constantinople but the Emperor Emanuel gave it to the Venetians who so fortified it that in the year 1475. it destroyed 30000 Turks and the Army forced to raise the Siege but Bajazet the Second with an Army of 150000 attacked it by Sea and Land and brought it to a most deplorable estate and took it from them 1499. But in the year 1687. it was retaken by Generalissimo Morosini The Trade is Leather Oyl Tobacco Rice Barly Wheat Furs c. Near this Town was that famous Sea-fight betwixt the Venetians and the Turks where 29000 Turks were killed 4000 taken Prisoners with 140 Gallies and 1200 Christian Captives redeemed 1571. At the Entrance of this Gulf of Lepanto by the Ancients Sinus Crisaeus Sinus Corinthiacus Mare Alcyonum said to be 100 miles in length are two Castles called also the Dardanelles of Lepanto not far from the Promontaries Rhium Antirrhium Capo S. Andrea Baud. rather C. Antirio Other places in Aetolia are Calydon with its Forest where Meliagar slew the wild Boar now Aiton teste Cyriaco rather Gallata Wheel Here the River Evenus over which the Centaur Nessus carried Hercules Wife Dejaneira to have ravished her Also the River Achelous much Fabled by the Poets The Aetolians were a turbulent and unruly people Chief places in Locris are Amphissa Lambina teste Nigro Anfisa Baud. Salona Wheel once the chief place of the Locrii Ozelorum seated now on a Rock under a Mountain that joyns Mount Corax and Parnassus Musis Sacer apud Poetas Parnaso Liacura teste Soph. Licoura Wheel The Turks have here seven Moschs and the Greeks six Churches whole Bishop is under the Arch-Bishop of Athens They Trade with Tobacco and Cottons Turcochoreo thought to be the ancient Lilaea is seated near the River Cephisus in the middle of a Plain between Mount Oeta and the Thermopylae famous for King Leonidas defence said to be a Town of the Locii Epicnemides so called from the Mount and Town Cnemides Thalanda on the South-side of the River Platanius a Bishoprick and large Town by the Ruins of Churches and Towers a mile out of Town it seems to be the City Opus hence Locrii Opuntii Sinus Opuntius Drepanum Molycrium Strab. Ptol. Trapani Nigro now Capo di Pratras Chief Places in Phocis are Delphos or Delphi Salona Nigro Castri Soph. Wheel once famous for the Oracle of Apollo who delivered his sayings in Amphiboli's and dark Sentences whereby he deceived his Devotee's as Crassus and Pyrrhus seated it was on the middle of the South-side of the Mount Parnassus where Ducalion and Pyrrha swed themselves 2. Daulis now Dalia noted for King Tereus who ravished Philomela 3. Cirrha Plin. Liv. Cyrrha Ptol. Aspropiti Zardo Nardo now Tramochi Wheeler 4. Anticyrrha Ptol. Anticyra Paus famous of old for its Helebore now in Ruins near to the Asprospiti Sinus 5. Pythia the Navil of the World remarkable for the Assembly of the Amphictymes that condemned the Phocians for Sacriledg Chief Places in Megaris are Megara seated in a Valley towards the Gulph of Engia once comprehending two Rocks now but one having three or four Cottages of Greeks much infested with Pyrates famous once for the Secta Megarica of Euelid and for the Fable of King Nyssa's Purple Hair. 2. Towards the Harbour Minoa is the ruined Fortress Nicaea and the Dodeca Ecclesia West are the Scironides Rupes now Kakiscalia or Bad Bay and the ancient Cromium the Bounds between Attica and Peloponnesus Peloponnesus now Morâ—a is the most Famous Peninsula in the World Bounded with the Sea only where it joyneth to Greece by an Istmus of six miles in breadth very Momorable for the Fruitless Design of divers Kings and Emperors to cut it through and to make a perfect Island of it and for the Isthmian Games instituted by Theseus and for the Wall or Hexameli built by the Emperor Emanuel 1413. demolished by Amurath the Second 1424 1463. rebuilt by the Venetians in 15 days with 136 Towers A Country it was once abounding with all things as well for the Delicacy and Contentment as Necessary for the Life of Man and for the bigness of it none in the World hath suffered in the Ruin of so many brave and stately Cities yet the best Inhabited of all Greece being well Seated with Ports and Havens on all sides of it This pleasant part of Greece has not always had the name of Morea as 't is now called Strabo saith that it was once called Argo or Argos from
a famous City of that name within its Confines and Aegialea from Aegialus a famous King of the Syconians Apollodorus and Pliny calls it Apia from Apis the third King of the Argives Son of Aegialus and also Pelasgia Afterwards it had the Name of Peloponnesus from Pelops the Son of Tantalus King of Phrygia and Taygeta now Morea As to its Bigness Authors disagree Isodore allows it 363 miles in Circuit Bourdon 563. Porchacchi 573. Bleau Sagredo and Vianoli makes it 600. Baudrand 550. Strabo makes the length 1400 Stadia Sagredo makes it 170 miles from the Isthmus to Modon Baudrand makes it 150 from Corinth to Tenarium Prom. and from C. Schilli to C. Tornese 175. It was by Ptolomy and others divided into eight parts Achaia Propria Arcadia Argia Corinthia Elis Laconia Messenia and Sicyonia Pomponius Mela divided it in but six of those parts he left out Corinthia and Siconia Morri and Baudranel make four Divisions viz. Ducatus Clarentiae the Dutchy of Clarence or Chiarenza which comprehends Achaia Propria Sicymia and Corinthia 2. Belvedera which contains Elis and Messenia 3. Sacâ—ania or the lesser Romania containing the ancient Argia or Argos 4. Traconia comprehending Laconia and Arcadia Places most Famous are 1. Patras an Arch-Bishoprick known to the Romans by the Name of Augusta Aroe Patrensis called also Neupatria by the Turks now Badra and Balabutra teste Leunc Memorable for the Death of St. Andrew the Apostle and now a Town of good Trade in Raw Silks Leather Honey Wax Wool Cheese and Currants Situate near the Strait which openeth into the Bay of Corinth now Lepanto a Strait Fortified on both sides with two Castles by Bajazet to secure the Entrance of the Bay taken by Andrew Doria 1571. Recovered by Solyman the Magnificent July 1687. abandoned by the Turks and possessed by the Venetians Chiarenza the Cyllene of Plin. Ptol. Thucy teste Soph. Antravida Nig. But Brietas will have Dyme olim Stratos Cauconia to be Clarenza once the Capital City of that Dutchy now some slight Traces of it are all that is visible Six miles from the Cape Tornese Chelonates Prom. Strab. and is the Castle or Fortress of Torneze now by the Turks Clemouzzi teste Wheel Clemontii Coronelli Pylas of Strab. Thucyd. c. Abarinus Ptol. Nelea Homero teste Paus Coryphasium teste Steph. Navarino Soph. Zonichia Leunct now Zunchio or Navarin 10 miles distant from Coron is famous for its Port where 2000 Vessels may ride at Anchor about five miles long and three broad having an Island lying before it on the right hand it is guarded with a strong Castle called New Naverin on the other hand stands old Navarin formerly called Pylus Modon 10 miles from Coron by the Turks Matum by Plin. Methone its Situation by Nature and Art makes it strong having a safe and commodious Haven taken first by the Venetians in the year 1124. In the year 1498. it was taken by Bajazet with a great Slaughter And in the year 1685. retaken by the Venetians Coron once Pedusus Nisi Laurenb Epea Paus hath a strong and advantageous Situation on the right side of Cape Gallo the Acritus Prom. of the Ancients taken by Bajazet 1498. Taken again by General Doria 1533. but soon again returned to the Turkish yoke But in the year 1685. after the defeat of the Turkish Camp and a vigorous resistance it was taken by assault with a dreadful slaughter of all the Inhabitants by the Venetians who found 128 Pieces of Cannon of which 66 were Brass Calamata the Abaea Ptol. Thuria Aepea Strab. teste Soph. but Abaea is Chioris Mol. And the Thurium of Ptol. Thyrea Plin. is now Cumestra teste Mol. The Thalame of Strab. Paus Theramne Plin. Therapnae Solino Mela teste Gemistro But Niger will have Thalame to be Basilopotamo or Vasilipotamo and Mol. will have it Borboliza It is seated at the bottom of the Bay of Coron about a mile from the Sea on the Bank of the River Pamisus of Strabo Stromio Niger defended with a strong Castle with Regular Fortifications taken by the Venetians 1685. Nigh to which is the Lake Lerna where Hercules slew the Monster Hydra as also Mount Tenarus where was the Cave called the descent of Hell out of which he drew the Dog Cerberus and Naemea was the place where he slew the dreadful Lion. As was also Zarnata a Fortress much favoured by Nature but much more by Art which was delivered up to General Morosini in sight of the Captain Bassa with a numerous and powerful Army who dared not to attempt its succour Chielefa is a Fortress of great importance for its advantages of Nature and Art seated upon a steep Rock a mile and half from the Sea of a Quadrangular Figure Flanked with five great Towers not far from the place where once Vitulo stood It surrendred to the Venetians 1686. Passova is a Fortification seated in the Province of Maina opposite to Chielefa and Port Vitulo yielded to the Venetians 1685. without a stroke and demolished As also the Fortress of Maina built where once stood the ancient Cersapolis by the Ottomans called Turcotogli Olimienas by the Greeks Castro di Maina by the Turks Monige demolished in the year 1570. Mysitra Seated in a large Plain full of small Villages Olive and Mulberry-Trees about 25 miles from the Sea the Mountain Taygetus commands it on the West once Sparta then Lacedaemon once one of the most famous of the Grecian Cities now shrunk to a little Town scarcely shewing any Remains of its former Glory Historians do not agree who was its first Founder some say it was Spartus the Son of King Amiclas others the Princess King Lacedaemons Wife who was called Sparta some affirm it was Cecrops and others attribute it to Spartus the Son of Phoroneus King of Argos Contemporary with the Patriarch Jacob and make it older than Rome 983 years The Castle is so advantageously seated that Histories assures us it was never taken In the year 1687. surrendred to the Venetians Malvasia the Epidaurus Limera Monembasia of the Ancients has a very advantageous Situation in a little Isle on a Rock washed by the waves of the Archipelagus yet enjoying several Sources of sweet clear Springs inaccessible on all sides but one place which is defended with a thick triple Wall and joyned to the main Land by a Wooden Bridg having a very spacious Port and well defended yet though its Scituation renders it almost invincible yet by its ill fortune it hath undergone several Changes Taken from the Greek Emperors by the French and Venetians Anno 1204. In the year 1537. it was taken by Solyman and during the Wars of Candia it was attacked by the Venetians and taken who demolished the Fort and left it There is another Epidauras in Argia called Esculapia Soph. famous for the Temple of Aesculapius Pigiada Nigro Cherronisi Soph. Napoli di Romania amongst the Celebrated Cities once the
is the Last which contains 60 Sheffels 56 whereof makes a Last in Amsterdam or 10 Quarters and a half English And 4 Sheffels make one Mud which is the Ship-pound of 34 l. Of Florence FLorence is Seated on a Fruitful and Pleasant Plain near the Confluence of the River Arno and Chiani first Built by Sylla made a Colony by the Triumviri razed by the Lombards Rebuilt by Charles the Great bought its Liberty of Rodolphus and lastly Subject to the Medices now Dukes of Florence The Commodities that this City produceth are the product of the Dukedom viz. Wines Oyls Silks both raw and wrought into several Fabricks as Taffaties Sattins Velvets Plushes and Grograms The Coins here currant are Ducats of 7 Livers per Ducat which is reckoned for 5 s. 3 d. Sterling The Liver is 20 Solds which is valued 9 d. Sterling The Liver is also divided into 12 Craches whereof 8 is a Julio which is 6 d. Sterling 5 Quatrins is a Crach and 60 Craches makes a Liver They keep their Accompts generally in Livers Solds and Deniers 12 Deniers to a Sold and 20 Solds to a Liver The Weight is the Quintal or 100 l. of 12 Ounces to the Pound which 100 l. makes at London 78 l. The Measure is the Brace and 4 Braces is a Cane and 100 Braces are found to make 48 Ells and a half or 60 Yards and a half Wine is Sold by the Cogno which is 10 Barrels each Barrel 40 Metadels or 20 Bottles and the Barrel is to weigh 120 l. Oyl is Sold by the Orcio or Barrel and contains 32 Metadels which should weigh 85 l. Wrought Silks are here Sold by the Pound for Livers and not by Measure Of Frankford FRancford is a Free City Famous for the Election of the Emperors as also for two Fairs or Marts for Books Annually kept the one in Lent the other in September The Weight is the Pound of 16 Ounces of which there is three Quintals the one of 100 l. for fine Goods the other of 120 for Gross Goods and the third of 132 l. for Food the 100 l. makes at London 108 l. The Measures of Length are two one for Linnen the other for Woollen both Ells differing about two per Cent. 100 Ells whereof make at London about 48 Ells. Of Genoa THIS City is Inhabited by the greatest Money-Mongers in Europe Their Coins here currant are Deniers whereof 12 make a Sold 4 Solds a Chavalet 5 Chavalets or 20 Solds a Liver which is 1 s. 4 d. Sterling 90 Solds makes a Crown of Gold a Ducat in Silver is 4 Livers They keep their Accompts by Livers Solds and Deniers 20 Deniers is a Liver and 5 Livers a piece of Eight Here note that a piece of 8 / 8 currant Money is worth but 96 Solds But St. Georges weighed 104 Solds Their Weight is the Pound of 12 Ounces and 25 Pound is a Roue 6 Roues is a Kintal and 100 l. Genoua is 70 l. ½ English and 1 Pound English is 17 Ounces Genoua and 112 l. English is 58 l. Genoua And the Quintal is 100 Rotelles which makes 150 smaller Pounds and is 106 l. English The gross Quintal of 150 l. is of 18 Ounces to the Pound The Measure is the Cane which is of two sorts one for Silk which is of 9 Palms whereof 100 makes 26 Yards English the other for Linnen and Woollen is of 10 Palms and makes 2 â…ž Yards English Wine is sold there by the Miserold whereof 5 makes a Botta dimina and two Barrels makes a Miserold which is 100 Pints Oyl is sold by the Barrel 14 whereof makes a Tun of 236 Gallons to the Tun. Of Hamburgh HAmburgh is a Free City of the Empire enjoying the Priviledg of a hanse-Hanse-Town the Haven is guarded with an Iron Chain the City adorned with nine Churches a Senate-House and Exchange The Merchants Exchange here for London by the Pound Sterling for other places upon the Rix-dollar at 54 Stivers A Dollar is here said to be worth 3 Whit-pence one Whit-penny is worth 18 Shillings one Shilling to be 12 pence and one penny two Hellers A Mark is 16 Stivers and 7 Marks and a half is 20 s. Flemish Their Weight is the Pound 120 whereof is their Quintal and makes at London 107 or 109 l. The Measure is the Ell 100 whereof makes at London 48 Ells and a half and 100 Yards at London makes about 162 and a half or 163 Ells. Corn is Measured by Schepel 90 making a Last and 83 Schepels is 10 Quarters English Of Legoâ—n or Livorn COmmodities are Oyls Wines Silks raw and wrought Anchoves Anniseeds Rice Argal with other Italian Commodities Coins are Quatrâ—ens 5 whereof make one Scratch or Craca 12 Scratches or Craca's is one Livre which is 9 d. English 8 Craca's is one Julio which is 6 d. English 6 Livres or 9 Julio's is one Dollar which varieth according to the Exchange 7 Livres is a Ducat which is 5 s. 9 d. English And 7 Livres ½ is a Scudoe or Crown D'oro which is 5 s. 7 d. ½ Sterling The Accompts are kept in Dollars Solds and Deniers 12 Deniers to a Sold and 20 Solds to a Dollar Charges of Goods are kept in Livres Solds and Deniers and brought into pieces of 115 Solds per piece which is called short money of which 5 Livres and 3 quarters is a Dollar and 6 Livres or 120 Solds makes a Dollar which is called Long-Money Exchanges are with London for 56 s. d. per piece Marseilles for 60 Surneise per piece Naples Ducats 92 for Pieces 100 Venice Ducats Debank 103 ¼ for Pieces 100. with Solds 113 for a Dollar Commodities sold by the Pound 12 Ounces All sorts of Silks in Julios Cloves Cinamon Indigo Cochineal Storax Benjamin Manna and all other Drugs in Livres Russia Hides in Solds Commodities sold by the Kintal Pepper Cinamon Cassia Lignum Nutmegs Wax Tinn in Ducats Cotten-wool Cotten-yarn Ginger In Ducats Gawles in Livres Commodities sold by the 1000 l. Lead Campeach Faxumbuck in Ducats Pot-ashes in Dollars Sugars of all sorts by the Kintal of 151 Pound in Scudoes or Crowns Newfound-Land-Fish by the Kintal of 160 l. in Julio's Herrings by the Barrel and Pilchards by the Hogshead in Dollars Their Weight is the Pound of 12 Ounces of which 15 and a half makes the Pound English so that their Quintal of 100 l. is 77 l. three Ounces â…ž English or 145 l. there is 112 l. English By a late Accompt I find that their Kintal of 100 l. makes 76 l. English and 148 l. there is about 112 English and that their Kintal of Sugar is 151 l. a Kintal of Fish 160 of their Pound The Measures of Legorn 4 Braces makes a Lane which is 2 Ells English 8 Braces is 5 yards English The Quintal of Allom is 130 l. which makes 100 l. 6 Ounces 5 / â— English The Quintal of Wool is 160 l. and makes 123 l. ¾ English Corn Measure is a Stax
the extreme wet Weather so that in Summer the moisture of the Earth being heated by the Sun causeth frequent Pestilences and other Diseases very dangerous to Strangers It abounds with many Rivers which fall from the Mountain Caucasus and discharge into the Black Sea viz. Codours the Corax of the Ancients The Tacheur which Arrian calls Sigamus The Socum supposed to be the Terscen of Arrian and the Thasseris of Ptol. The Langur the Astolphus of old The Kelmhel or Cobi of Arrian The Cianiscari Cianeus of the Ancients The Scheniscari or River Horse by the Greeks Hippus The Abascia or Glaucus of Strabo the Caries of Arrian and the Caritus of Ptol. These two Rivers intermix with the famous Phasis about 20 Miles from the Sea. The Phasis by the Turks Fachs by the Inhabitants Rione at the Mouth is about a Mile and half over There are several small Islands in the Mouth of it upon the biggest of which Sultan Morat built a Fortress in the Year 1578. when he attempted the Conquest of that Country the Ruines of which are now to be seen but no Remainders of the Temple of Rhea to be seen which was Consecrated to the Worship of Christ in the Reign of the Emperor Zeno nor any Ruines of the ancient Sebasta or the famous Colchis now to be seen And the City Fasc placed where Cholcis stood by our late Geographers is also a great mistake teste Sir John Chardin who was upon the place The Country produceth little Corn or Pulse the Fruits are most wild and unwholsom that which thrives best is the Grape of which there is great Plenty and the Wine most excellent strong and a good Body pleasing to the Taste and comfortable to the Stomach so that if the People knew how to make it rightly there would be no better in Asia Their usual Grain is Gom which is as small as Coriander Seed and very much resembles Millet which is sowed in Spring-time after the same manner as Rice by making a hole in the ground with their Finger then put in the Grain and cover it which produceth a Stalk like to the Sugar-Cane at the end of which there is an Ear that contains above 300 Grains This boiled into a Paste is the onely Bread of all the Inhabitants of the Black Sea from Palus Maeotis round to Trebizond Besides this Gom they have Millet Rice Wheat and Barley which two last they sow upon the Ground without plowing for the Ground is so soft that it takes root a Foot deep in the Mold and comes up without any trouble The ordinary Food of the Country is Beef and Pork very plenty and so good that the World affords no better Their Wild-Fowl is good but scarce Their Venison is the Wild Boar the Hart the Stag the Fallow Deer and Hare which are most excellent There are Partridges Pheasants Quails and Wild Pidgeons in abundance In the Mountains of Caucasus are bred great numbers of Eagles and Pelicans Hawks Hobbies and other Birds of Prey and other strange Fowl unknown in our Parts And the Forests produce a number of Wild Beasts as Tygers Lions Leopards Wolves and Chacals At Pigivitas is a Church with three Bodies where they say St. Andrew preached in that place and the Catholicos once in his Life goes thither to make the Holy Oil. In Mingrelia are neither Cities nor Towns only 2 Villages by the Sea-side Isgaour is the chief Port and grand Market of Mingrelia Anarghia is the most considerable Village built where stood the ancient Heraclea But all the Houses are scattered up and down in the Country that you cannot travel a Mile but you shall meet with three or four together There are about nine or ten Castles at the chiefest whereof called Ruos the Prince keeps his Court. 'T is surrounded with a slight stone Wall and guarded with a few Cannon but the rest of the Castles have none Sapias is the name of two Churches one of which belongs to the Theatines The Mingrelian Men are endued with all mischievous qualities there is no wickedness to which they are not inclined All addicted to Thievery which they make their Study Employment Pastime and Glory Assassination Murder Lying are esteemed noble and brave Actions Drunkenness Fornication Adultery Bigamy Incest are Virtues in Mingrelia Other wise good Soldiers well shaped Ride a Horse well and handle their Lance with an extraordinary dexterity The Women of Quality are very handsom and well shaped having Features and Glances very charming and obliging naturally subtle and quick of Apprehension extremely Civil and Complemental otherwise the most wicked in the World. Haughty perfidious deceitful cruel and impudent to procure their Lovers or to destroy them The Education of Children in Mingrelia is the most Lewd and Vicious in the World their Fathers bring them up to Thievery and their Mothers to Obscenity The Inhabitants of Caucasus that border upon Colchis are the Alanes whose Country was formerly the Northern Frontier of Armenia The Suane's the Gigue's the Caracioles by the Turks called Cara-Cherks that is the Black Circassians by reason of the Fogs and Clouds that darken their Sky though else they are the fairest People in the World. Formerly they were Christians and yet retain some Relicks and Customs of it but now profess no Religion but live by Robbery and Rapine ignorant of all Arts and Sciences more tall and portly than other People furious in their Looks and their Dispositions and Courage no less savage the most daring Robbers and most resolute Assassins in the World. The Nagayan-Tartars for the most part inhabit the Champaigne Land about Astracan living in Tents fenced with Stakes and Palisadoes to secure themselves from the Assaults and Insolences of Night Robbers and the Kalmuc Tartars who oftentimes surprize them unawares and carry away both Men and Cattle The Country of Guriel is very small separated from Mingrelia by the River Phasis And in every thing as to its Nature and the Manners of its Inhabitants it resembles Mingrelia for they have the same Religion Customs and the same Inclinations to Lying Robbery and Murther Gonie is a large Castle four Square built of hard and rough Stones of a great Bulk seated upon the Sea-side it hath four Walls and two Gates but no Trenches nor Fortifications belonging to the Prince of Guriel distant from Phasis about four Miles Akalzike is a Fortress built upon the Descent of Mount Caucasus seated in a hollow place among Hillocks fortified with double Walls and flanked with Towers both built with Battlements after the Ancient manner defended with a few Guns and is the resiâ—â—dence of a Turkish Bassa Adjoining to this Fortress is a large Town consisting of about 400 Houses all new and of a late Erection inhabited by Turks Armenians Georgians Greeks Jews and Christians Imiretta is called by the Turks Pachatchcouk or Pachakoutchouk the Little Prince is a Country full of Woods and Mountains but the Valleys are lovely and the Plains most
pleasant Here Money is Coined and here are several Towns but as for the Manners and Customs of the Inhabitants they are the same as in Mingrelia The King hath Four good Castles viz. Scander seated upon the side of a Valley Regia and Scorgia both almost inaccessible in the Mountains and naturally fortified 4 Cotatis bearing the Name of the Town and Country round it perhaps the Catatene of Ptol. 90 miles from the mouth of the River Phasis built at the foot of a Hill consisting of about 200 Houses it hath a Fortress built with several Towers and a double Wall. These Three Kingdoms are tributary to the Turks The Tribute of the King of Imiretta is 80 Boys and Girls from Ten to Twenty years of Age. The Prince of Guriel pays 46 Children of both Sexes And the Prince of Mingrelia 60000 Ells of Linen Cloth made in that Country The Princes of Mingrelia give themselves the Title of Dadian that is the head of Justice Of GURGISTAN Georgia by our modern Geographers and the Persians is called Gurgistan by the Georgians Carthuel By some Authors 't is divided into four particular Provinces viz. Imirette and Guriel of which we have spoken of before 3 Caket 4 Carthuel These two last are under the Persian Dominion and this is that which the Persians call Gurgistan and the Georgians Carthueli It is a Country full of Wood and very Mountainous yet encloses a great number of pleasant Plaines and the River Kur the Cyrus of the Ancients runs through the midst of it The Temper of the Air is very kindly their Fair weather begins about May and lasts till the end of November The Soil if well watered produces all sort of Grain Herbs and Fruit in abundance therefore as fertile a Country as can be imagined where a Man may live both deliciously and cheap Their Bread as good as any in the World and their Fruit of all sorts is very delicious Nor is there any part of Europe that produceth fairer Pears and Apples or better tasted nor any part of Asia that brings forth more delicious Pomegranates Their Cattel very good and plentiful their Fowl of all sorts is incomparable There is no better Meat in the world than their young Porkers of which there are abundance The Caspian Sea and Kur River furnish it with all sorts of Salt and Fresh Fish and there is also no Country where they drink more or better Wine No Men are more addicted to their sensual Pleasures and beastial Voluptuousness that is to Drunkenness and Luxury neither are the Women less vitious and wicked having an extraordinary Inclination to the male Sex and contribute more to that torrent of Uncleanness which overflows all the Country Nature saith Sr. John Chardin hath bestowed upon the Women of that Country Graces and Features which are not other where to be seen so that 't is impossible to behold them without loving of their more charming Countenances nor more lovely Statures and Proportions can be pencilled forth by all the Art of man They are Tall clear Limb'd Plump and Full but not over-Fat and extreamly slender in the Waste but that which spoils all is their Nasty Shifts and Painted Faces The Men are naturally witty nor would there be more Learned men or more Ingenious masters in the world were they but improved by the knowledge of Arts and Sciences but their Education is so mean and brutish having nothing but bad Examples that those Parts are altogether drowned in Vice and Ignorance so that they are generally Cheats and Knaves Perfidious Treacherous Ingrateful and Proud. There are several Bishops in Georgia an Arch-bishop and a Patriarch whom they call Catholicos There are also many Churches but nothing remaines of Christianity unless the name of their Fasts for they neither know or practise the least precept of the Law of Jesus Christ The Church-Men also will be as drunk and keep Female Slaves for their Concubines as well as others The Nobility exercise a more Tyrannical power over their Subjects than in Mingrelia challenging a right over their Estates Liberty and Lives if they seize upon them whether Wife or Children they sell them or dispose of them as they please The Province of Carthuel containes no more than four Cities Gori Suram Aly and Teflis Gori or Kori Armatica or Harmastis of old teste Sans is a small City seated in a Plain between two Mountains upon the bank of the River Chur at the foot of a small Hill upon which there is a Fortress built which is garisoned by Native Persians Suram is a small Town but the Fortress is large and well built having 100 Men in garison Teflis Artaxata Plin. Artaxia Tac. Artaxiasata Strab. by the Georgians Cala by some Tebele-cala is called also Darel Melec by P. Jovius Choim the fairest Citie in Georgia seated at the bottom of a Mountain at the foot of which runs the River Cur. The City is encompassed with strong Walls defended with a large Fortress on the South-side it contains about 14 Churches six belonging to the Georgians and the rest to the Armenians The Cathedral which is called Sion is seated upon the bank of the River built of all fair hewen Stone There is not a Mosque in Teflis though the City belongs to a Mahometan Emperor and governed by a Mahometan Prince The Bazars or Market-places are very fair and large built of Stone The Inns or Caravansera's are no less beautiful The Princes Palace is one of the most beautiful Ornaments in Teflis it hath been twice under the power of the Turks once in the Reign of Ishmael the second King of Persia and in the Reign of his Successor Solyman took it almost at the same time as he did Tauris The Kingdom of Caket is at present in subjection to the King of Persia governed by his Viceroy The Cities are all Ruines unless that which is called Caket or Kaket In the Northern part of that Kingdom the Amazons are supposed to have inhabited Ptol. fixes their Country in the Asiatick Sarmatia to the West of Wolga Quintius Curtius saith also that the Kingdom of Thalestris was near to the River Phasis and Strabo speaking of the Expeditions of Pompey and Canidius is of the same opinion Quiria borders upon the Caspian Sea its chief Places are Derbent Caucasiae Portae Plin. or Pylae Iberiae Ortel Demir Temir-Capi Turcis Alexandria Portae Ferreae Caspiae Portae of old now belonging to the Persians it is a great Market for Slaves and is a strong wall'd Town said to be built by Alexander the Great And Tarky at this day under the Duke of Moscovy Some Authors tell us of Stranu or Zambanach which answers to ancient Albana of Zitach or Gorgora thought to be the ancient Getara or Gagara of Ptolomy and Chipeche to be the ancient Chabala It contains the Circassian and Dagestan Tartars The Circassian Country is very fertile producing good store of Fruit and Grain and also good pasture Ground The Men
Joktheel 2 Kings 14.7 The Soldans of Egypt for the exceeding strength thereof kept therein all their Treasures Of this place see more in the Description of Canaan and the bordering Countries Bostra now Bussereth is a place of good Esteem I suppose the same with Petra Tor or El Tor upon the Red Sea is a pitiful Haven defended by a Four-square Castle near to it are found Champignons petrified white Coral Seal-skins Small Oysters and somtimes Sea-Monsters like Men. They report that this was the Haven Ezion Geber from which Solomon sent his Ships for Ophir Mount Horeb and Sinai are famous in Scripture Arabia the Desert or Beriara is a place almost quite destitute of Water or if there be any Wells the Water is for little service Ana upon the Euphrates the place where the Grand Signior's Tribute is paid as the Lord of the Country is the best place in it There is one King in Arabia that has a moving and portative City that is to say it consists in Tents which he can command them to carry where he pleases Sumiscasac is thought to be the ancient Saba whence the Magi set forth to adore Christ and the Queen to visit Solomon But Sir Thomas Herbert tells us That after the Flood Nimrod Sovereignizing at Babylon his Brother Havilah seated his Colony in Susiana Seba Raamah and Sabbata in Arabia Seba or Sheba fixed on the Western Coast adjacent to the Red Sea where he built a City after his own Name from whence the Queen came that visited Solomon as he supposeth That Sabata planted the South-part of Arabia and Raamah or Rhegma on the North-East part towards Balsera where they built Cities after their Names mention'd Ezek. 27. In these parts was the Wilderness where the Children of Israel wandered 40 years Here Moses established Ecclesiastical and Political Laws Here was the burning Bush the Water-bearing Rock the Mountains of Sinai and Horeb and Mount Hor where Aaron died The Happy Arabia Hyaman or Aiman Gemen or Giamen Turcis Marmotta Sarracenis Sabaea Plin. carries that Name as being a more fruitful Soil than either of the two It breeds excellent Horses Manna Cinnamon Myrrhe Balsam Benjamin Incense and other Perfumes so that if Aromatick Gums Succulent Fruits Fragrant Flowers and such sort of Delicacies please thy Sense say Arabia is the Phoenix of the East and with Danaeus The Epitome of Delight and with St. Austin Paradise The Air is temperate and healthful The Country enriched with pleasant Streams and Fountains whose Waters are Medicinal Aden is a Town of great Trade standing in a little Peninsula at the foot of a Mountain guarded with two Castles towards the North and a small Fortress at the Entry into the Haven The Portugueses when they first setled themselves in the Indies had a design to make themselves Masters of this City as also of Ormus and Malaca But the Turk prevented them from taking Aden the King whereof they hung at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Gally Since which some other Revolutions have happen'd so that the Natives of the Country have again dispossessed the Turks Mecca and Meâ—ina are famous for the Pilgrimages of the Mahometans For which they that make them are in high esteem among the rest They go particularly to Mecca to pay their Devotions to a Four-square House which they call The House of God and pretend the same to have been built by Abraham This City containing about 6000 Houses stands about a days Journy from the Red Sea being the place where Mahomet was born whose Body was afterwards translated to Medina upon the discovery of Albuquerque the Portuguese's design to have surprized the Port of Ziden otherwise Gidde with an intention to have carried away that Mahometan Relique The Country about Mecca produceth abundance of that sort of Berry of which Coffee is made Kufa or Kalufa the Holy City called Rastack when walled by Omir the Burial place of Mortis-Ali Saint King and Prophet of the Persians Medina is three days Journy from the Red Sea the burying place of Mahomet as the Turks pretend The Sepulchre or Tomb wherein Mahomet lieth is enclosed within an Iron Grate and covered with Green Velvet which is every Year made new and sent by the Grand Signior the old one being by the Priests cut in little pieces and sold at great Rates as Reliques to the Pilgrims In the Temple where this Tomb is placed there are said to be 3000 Lamps of Gold and Silver wherein is Balsam and other rich Odors Ointments and Oils continually kept burning They would impose it for a Miracle that his Tomb should hang in the Air by means of the Loadstone But besides that there is no such thing were it true there were no wonder in it For Democrates the Athenian by the Order of Ptolomy King of Egypt undertook to make the Statue of Arsinoe all of Iron and to hang it up in the same manner And in the Temple of Serapis in Alexandria there was an Iron Sun that hung in the Air by the force of a Loadstone being a rare piece of Workmanship The Prince of Mecca called Sultan Sheriff is one of the most potent Princes in all Arabia His Residence is usually at Almacharana seated on the top of an high Mountain of difficult access Sanaa is one of the greatest fairest and strongest Towns of Arabia adorned with Vineyards Meadows and Gardens Dafar is one of the chief Ports upon the Red Sea next to Zibit near the mouth of the Red Sea which is Fair Rich and of great Trade for Drugs Spices Perfumes c. Once the Residence of a Turkish Beglerbeg before that the Seat of a King beheaded by the Turks at the same time when the King of Aden was hanged at the Yards-Arm of the Admiral 's Ship. The Ports of Dolfar and Pescher are most renowned on the South-Coast for Frankincense The Grand Signior the Persian Sophi and other Mahometan Monarchs oft-times send him Presents and the first allows him also some part of the Revenue of Egypt because he is of the Race of Mahomet and to oblige him to be kind to the Pilgrim Turks Fartach a Kingdom and City near the Sea Caxem Gubelhaman Alibinali Amanziridin Masfate Mascalat and Jemen are so many Sultanies or petty Kingdoms in the Happy Arabia Mascate or Mascatsaif not far from Rozelgate Corodanum Ptol. Macin Amian thought to be Rhaguma Rhegma of Ptol. the Raamah of Ezek. 27.22 formerly belonging to the Portuguese had for a long time all the Trade of the Indies to Mecca through the conveniency of the Cities Elcatif or the ancient Gerra which communicates its Name to the Persian Gulph and Labsa or Lazarch Sohar in the Eastern part had also formerly the Trade but since the same hath been translated to Ormus and Gombron Mocha upon the Red Sea is an open City indifferently well built and fortified with a small Castle In it there live Jews Persians Armenians Indians and Banians So that it is a Town of
City very fair and pretty intire and has in it the remains of an ancient Palace where was no declination of the Magnetick Needle This Province is about 400 miles from the Frontier to the City Vla but all the Cities and Towns are intirely ruined only some few Houses built of Earth or the rubbish of old Buildings and covered with Thatch or Straw That all the Country beyond the Province of Leao-tum is exceeding desert where nothing is to be seen on all sides but Mountains and Vallies Dens of Bears Tigers and other devouring Beasts Here and there a poor Reed-hut upon the side of some Brooks The City Vla on the River Songoro Tart. Sumhoa Chin. lies in 44 Degrees 20 Minutes The Needle there declines from the South to the West 1 Degree 20 Minutes and is the fairest in all this Country and somtimes also the Seat of the Empire of the Tartars But Kirin is about 30 miles from Vla upon the River Songoro which takes it Course from the Moun. Champe Famous for having been the ancient Seat of our Tartars That the Moscovites come oftentimes to the River Songoro to fish for Pearles That the Distance of Kirin from Xin-Yam was 1028 Chinese Stadia containing 369 miles the Chinese Stadium being 360 Geometrical paces I shall only add that by this relation it doth appear to me that Niulhan or Niuche must be the same Country which is here called Leaâ—-tuâ— for the Emperors design was to visit the Sepulchres of his Ancestors Of INDIA THE Name of India is now given to the Empire of the Mogul and to the two Peninsulas one on this side the other beyond Ganges and the Islands scattered in the Indian Sea which are all comprehended under the general name of the East-Indies under which Appellation some Authors do also take in all the Oriental part of Asia The old Inhabitants hereof were by Megasthenes said to be 122 several Nations Originally descended from the Sons of Noah before their journy to the Valley of Shinaar and Heylin saith that the Plantation of India did precede the attempt of Babel Its first invasion was by Semiramis with an Army of above four Millions if Ctesias and Diodorus Siculus say true who was met with by Staurobates an Indian King with as great an Army by whom she was overcome and slain The next Invasion on this Country was by Bacchus the Son of Jupiter companied with Hercules who by force or by Arts overcame them and taught them the use of Wine Oil and the Art of Architecture After this Alexander invaded India beginning first with Clophae Queen of Magaza After with Porus whom he vanquished and took but giving them their Liberty and Kingdoms again he returned into his own Country after this they lived in peace under their several Kings until the year 1587 when discovered by the Portugals after by the English Dutch c. OF THE Empire of the Mogul EMPIRE de MOGOL by Robt. Morden THis vast Empire comprehends the greatest part of the Continent of India The present Mogul who is the Sovereign derives his Original from Great Temarleng or Tamerlan and is the Eleventh in a direct Line descendent from him there are several Indian Kingdoms tributary to him and he is esteemed the richest Prince in the world and the most potent Monarch of Asia The Territories of his Country being his own Hereditary Revenues the great Lords are but his Receivers who give an account to the Governors of the Provinces and they to the chief Treasurers and Comptrollers of the Exchequer He is also the general Heir to all those to whom he gives Pensions and his Will is a Law in the decision of his Subjects Affairs and therefore they carry the Names of their Employments and not of the Lands which they enjoy Sha Jehan who Reigned Forty years left behind him about 5 Millions and the Throne that he made cost an 160 Millions and 500000 Livres besides six other Thrones set all over with Diamonds Rubies Emralds and Pearls Teste Tav The Mony of this Kingdom is of a good Alloy The Mogul is able to bring 100000 Horse into the Field but his Infantry is very inconsiderable either for Number or Experience He has a good number of Elephants which do him great service for they are sure of foot and lie down and rise up very readily The King is a Turkish Mahumetan nevertheless the most part of his Vassals are Pagans But as there are several sorts of People so likewise there are divers sorts of Religions amongst them which I shall briefly mention at the end of the Description of the East-Indies The Mogul's Country is very fertile and well peopled near the great Rivers They make excellent Bread having Corn and Rice in abundance Victuals in general are very cheap however the Inhabitants are very temperate and sober The neighbouring Country to Tartary is full of Mountains and Forests where the Mogul oft-times takes his pleasure in Hunting there being great abundance and variety of wild Beasts And there it was that Alexander cut down the Wood for the Ships which he sent down the Indus into the Ocean As for Remains of Antiquity there are few or none the Moguls having ruin'd all the ancient Cities which according to the Ancients were 30 large Cities 3000 walled Towns and Castles for natural Defence reckoned impregnable which may not be improbable if it were as some affirm the first Seminary or Station of Noah after his descent from Ararat not far hence distant and afterward the delight of Bacchus which some think was the same with Noah and from the wonderful increase of People which appears by that huge Army Staurobates drew out in his defence against Semiramis the Assyrian Empress both Armies containing 3 Millions And so well builded and planted was this part of India that when Alexander by the overthrow of Porus near the River Hydaspis entered India Herodotus and Curtius report that Alexander should say He found greater Cities and more sumptuous Buildings in King Porus 's Dominions than he had observed in all the World besides Indus is Navigable from Lahor to Sende the Natives call'd it Pang-ab by reason of the five Rivers that fall into it toward the upper part of its Course which are now called Rauee Behat Obchan Wihy and Sindar by Ptol. Acesines Cophys Hydaspis Zaradras and Hispalis Ganges was formerly famous for its Gold now for its Water which is very pure The Natives hold that it sanctifies them whether they drink or whether they bathe in it There are in the whole Empire about 37 Kingdoms the Names whereof are almost the same with those of the Capital Cities viz. Agra Attock Bakar Bakisch Bando Bengala Berar Buchar Cabul Kakares Candahar Candis Canduana Cassimere Chitor Delli Gor Guzarate Haiacan Jamba Jenupar Jesselmere Jesual Maluay Mevat Multan Narva Naugracut Patna Pengab Pitan Sambal Siba Soret Tatta Udessa Teste Thev There are also some petty Territories as the Raja's which are of
are glad to entertain Commerce with them and to crave their Assistance in their Wars one with another This Peninsula may be divided into four principal parts Decan Golconda Narsingua and Malabar Decan acknowledges Visapour Musopatta Baud. Viziapour Thev for her Capital City which is large but scambling the Kings Palace is vastly big but ill built the Seat of Idalcan or Dialcan a Mahometan King once very powerful He took Dabul from the Portugals besieged Chaâ—l and Goa leading in his Army near two hundred thousand men well provided with Ammunition his Artillery great having as 't is said one particular Cannon that will carry a Bullet of near eight hundred pound weight once tributary to the Mogul but now absolute Tav who has won from him Dultabat of a great Trade and one of the best Fortresses in the Moguls Empire Bider Paranda and other places and built the great and new City of Aureng-abad encompassed with a Lake and adorned with a fair Mosque and stately Monument Goa the Barigaza of old is the residence of the Portugal Viceroy and the King of Portugal's Magazine for the East-Indies and Harbour for their Indian Fleet 'T is reported that the Hospital of Goa is more Beautiful Richer and better accommodated than the Hospital of the Holy-Ghost in Rome or the Infirmery of Maltha The City is very large and though without Gates and Walls yet with its Castles and Forts 't is of great strength and force Their Houses fair their Palaces and publick Buildings very Magnificent their Churches stately and richly adorned Her Strength and Beauty took rise from the Decan Kings from whom Anno 1509 Albuquerque the Victorious Portugal conquered it and after that defended it against 70000 Foot and 3500 Horse which Idulcan brought to reduce it with 'T is the bravest and best defended City in the Orient seated in an Isle called Tilsoar 30 miles in Circuit surrounded by a fresh River streaming from the mighty Mountain Bellaguate The whole Isle so abounding in several little Towns Fields Groves and Gardens replenished with Grass Corn Cattle Fruit Flowers and such self-ravishing Objects that here the Portugals live in all manner of delight and pleasure exceeding Proud and Stately but Civil and Courteous both Sexes given to Venery and the Women excessively amorous of White Men but much confined The King of Visapour hath four good Ports in this Decan Territory Rejapour Dabul Dunga of old first yielded to the Mercy of Andragius Governor of Chaul but soon taken by the Decanees but recovered from them by F. Almeyda and after great Slaughter of the Inhabitants and Rich Spoile burnt the City repaired afterward by the Vice Roy of Goa About the year 1620 taken by an English Captain Hall who made the Daring Portugal know that their Bravadoes to the English were not terrible Choul the Comane of Ptol. teste Cast ravished from the Diadem of Decan by Almeyda in the year 1507. And in the year 1573 it was besieged by Misamoluc the Decan Prince with an numerous Army of Horse Foot and Elephants but he was forced to raise his Siege with Loss and Shame Crapatan and Mengrelia which last is one of the best Roads in all India and is famous for Cardamum the best of Spices and the Dutch have a Factory there The HISTORY of Sevagy Tav Sivagi Thev THe Plundering of Surrat by Sivagy and the desperate Attacks made upon some of our East-India Ships especially that of the President Captain Jonathan Hide Commander in the year 1683 by 1500 of his men in three Ships and four Grabs who were bravely repulsed with a great Slaughter though those brave Men had not the happiness long to enjoy the Honour of that noble Action the Ship being unfortunately cast away coming into the Chanel and all the Men but two lost These and many other of his Actions have given many occasion to inquire what he is and what Country he possesseth This Raja Sivagi born at Bashaim the Son of a Captain of the King of Visiapour's being of a restless and turbulent Spirit rebelled in his Fathers life-time and putting himself at the head of several Banditi and other debauched young men he retired unto the Mountains of Visiapour and made his part good against all those that came to attack him The King of Visiapour thinking that his Father kept Intelligence with him caused him to be arrested and he died in prison Sivigy conceived so great a hatred against the King that he used all endeavours to be revenged of him And in a very short time he plundered Visiapour and with the Booty he took made himself so strong in Men Arms and Horses that he became able enough to seize some Towns viz. Rasapour Rasigar Crapaten Daboul and to form a little State thereabout The King dying about that time and the Queens endeavours to reduce him being unsuccessful she accepted the Peace he proposed to her that he should enjoy the Territories which he had subdued that he should be tributary to the Young King and pay him half his Revenue However he could not rest but plundered some places belonging to the Great Mogul who therefore sent Forces against him under the Conduct of the Governor of Aurenge-Abat But Sivigi having his retreat always in the Mountains and being extreamly cunning the Mogul could not reduce him In the mean time to be revenged on the Mogul he resolved to plunder Surrat which he did for 40 days so that none but the English and Dutch saved themselves by the viperous Defence they made by reason of their Cannon which Siâ—â—â— would not venture upon nor durst he adventure to attack the Caâ—â—le but marched off with the Wealth he got which was reported to be worth in Jewels Gold and Silver to the value of Thirty French Millions which was in the year 1664 when he was 35 years oâ— Age. And the Mogul s Affairs not suffering him to pursue his Revenge upon Sivigy he still continues his Robberies and Pyracies upon all opportunities and occasions Malâ—bar or Malavar is a low Country with a delightful Coast and well inhabited by people that practice Pyracy There is a certain wind which blowing there in winter so disturbs the neighbouring Sea that it rouls the Sand to the mouths of the adjoining Ports so that at that time there is not water for little Barks to enter but in the Summer time another contrary wind is there so violent that it drives back the same Sand and renders the Ports again navigable The great number of Rivers in this Country renders Horses useless especially for War. A Country most part of the year verdant and abounding with Cattle Corn Cotton Pepper Ginger Câ—ssia Cardamum Rice Myrobalans Ananas-pappas Melons Dates Coco's and other Fruits Calecut or Calicut thought to be the Town which Ptol. calls Canthapis an Error of Niger and Bertius Calicaris Herb. is a Town of Trade where the Portugals first setled themselves though not with that success as at Cochin where
Plenty may be called The Epitom of the World. The City of Bantam lies at the Foot of a Hill environed by 2 Rivulets and divided by another The Port is large and the most frequented of all the Islands of Sonde for it affords all kind of Spices Stones and other Commodities of the East-Indies The Spaniards call Bantam the Geneva of the East Jacatra or Batavia is the Residence of the Consul for the Holland Company ever since the year 1619. It is defended by a good Cittadel with four regulated Bastions it lies in a Bay which being secur'd toward the Sea by some Islands makes the best Road in all the Indies Jortam next to that is one of the best Ports and most frequented Borneo the very biggest Island of all Asia abounds in Mirobalans and Camphire It has several good Ports but few good Cities Some say that this was the Java of Mark Poll of Venice and that the Lesser Java was that already mentioned The City is built upon Piles in the Sea at the Mouth of a fair River having a large and commodious Harbor The Natives have a peculiar King of their own as likewise has Bender-Massin Sambos is the Capital City of the Kingdom affording Diamonds Of the PHILIPPINE Islands The PHILIPINE ISLES By Robt. Morden The PHILIPPINE Islands PHilip the Second gave his own Name to these Islands which are about Forty or fifty great ones for should we reckon up little ones they would make by Relation some Thousands the most part of them very fertile and the Inhabitants pay their Tribute in Soldiers The Council of Spain oftentimes proposed the quitting of those Islands because of the Expences of the Garisons But because they lie convenient for the Trade between China and the Molucca Islands the King was resolved to keep them The Islanders are valiant and preserve their Liberty in several places Luc'on otherwise New-Castile is the biggest of all the Philippine Islands The City Manilla which lends its Name to the whole Body of these Islands is the Seat of the Viceroy and an Archbishop It is but small but neat and well fortified and safe from Mining two thirds of the Town lying upon a River Navigable for Barks and the third part lying upon the Sea. Besides Spaniards and Indians there are several Chineses that resort thither as to the Magazine of the richest Commodities in the world Cavite two Leagues from the City is the principal Haven secured from the Winds and fortified with two wooden Forts The Bay is 40 Leagues in compass where there is a convenience to build great Gallions however the North Winds blow hard upon it the Bottom is bad and Entrance difficult New Segovia or Cagajon is in the most Northern part of the Isle Luc'on Tandaya or Philippina is South-East from the Southermost point of Lucon and the Straight between them is called the Straight of Manilla esteemed the best and most pleasant of all the Islands whose chief place is Achan The Island Mindanao has not been in the Spaniards hands but a little while St. Juan or John lies North-East of Mindanao That of Paragoya or Calamianes of Boterus the Puloam of Maginus who discovered these Islands in 1520 and some others obey their own Kings Cebu and Matan are known the first by the discovery of Magellan the other by the death of Magellan The Spaniards that are bound to the Philippines never sail through our Hemisphere and therefore they would have these Islands as well as the Molucca's to be the Bounds of the West-Indies which they for that Reason would have to reach as far as the Molucca's Other Islands are Mindora which gives Name to a Straight so called Masbat Negoas Panay Kapul or Bohol Abuya or Rebujan From the Philippine Islands Eastward there lie several other Isles called in Spanish by the general Name Islas de las Velas by the Dutch Isles de Ladâ—â—nes or Larrons of which I find nothing memorable except their Names in some Maps And that the Inhabitants are poor naked and great Thieves Of the MOLVCCA Islands The MOLUCCA ILANDS c. By R. Morden The MOLVCCA Islands THere are five of these Islands that carry the particular Name of Molucca's These five Islands are very small seated much about the Equinoctial Line in an unwholsom Air for Strangers They are under several Kings The Hollanders have also some Fortresses there They afford Nutmegs Ginger and Cloves Ternate the biggest of the five little ones is eight Leagues about with a Mountain that casts out Fire It hath besides several Villages uninhabited in times of War three Cities or rather Forts viz. Gammalamme Mayloye now called Orange Tacony by the Dutch William Stad The rest are Tidor very considerable Motir Machoan Bachian The Molucco's are good Soldiers and for the most part Mahumetans Besides the Kings of Ternate Tidor and Bachian there are several others in the Celebes Islands and Gilolo The King of Macassar in the Celebes particularly has a while since extraordinarily fortified his own City He has always given Strangers free entrance into his Ports In 1667 he treated with the Hollanders and quitted the Portugals But in 1668 the Hollanders obliged him to trade with no other Nations but them And there was a Report that the Dutch have since seized upon and taken Macassar The Air of this Country is good but the Heats are insupportable in the Day-time Formerly the Natives of Macassar ate Human Flesh for which Reason the Neighbouring Princes sent them all their Criminals Celebes is fertile in Rice and the Land of Papous yields Gold Ambergreece and Birds of Paradise Banda is an Island towards the South of the Molucco's with five or six other Islands about it to which it gives its Name It is the only Island in the World that produces Nutmegs and Mace There is in it a burning Mountain and in the year 1615 all the great Guns in the Island were spoil'd About four Years before the barbarous proceedings of the Dutch at Amboyna they shot Captain Courtupt in his Boat going from his House and Factory in Polleroon to one of the adjacent Clove Islands called Lantore on which Island not long after some English suffer'd such unparallel'd and barbarous Cruelty by the Dutch as a created Nature was capable of enduring In the Year 1617 the Inhabitants of Banda Island besought Capt. Bal then President at Bantam to receive their Island into his Jurisdiction to defend them from the Tyrannies of the Dutch who murdered them at their pleasures and abused their Wives whilst themselves were enforc'd to look on protesting also that they never gave the least consent to them to possess their Island which was accepted of by the English but in the Year 1622 they were forced by the Dutch to abandon the Banda Islands and it is credibly reported that after the English had left those Islands the numerous shoals of Mackerel which was the chiefest Support to the Inhabitants and which came constantly in their
Barbarians others are free people Of the Jews some are Natives others are Strangers divided they are into several Tribes Wealthy and Numerous but despised and abominated by the Turks and Moors The Caffers or Libertines hold many Athiestical Tenents live together without Ceremonies like our Familists or Adamites inhabiting from Mosambique all along the Coast beyond the Cape of Good Hope The Idolaters are numerous in Negroland in both the Aethiopia's and towards the Great Ocean The Mahumetans possess the greatest part of Africa Aegypt and most of the Coast or the Red Sea and almost all Barbary belongs to the Turk excepting the Kingdoms of Morocco and Fez which are govern'd by Kings of their own the Cities of the Pirates and some others upon the Coasts that belong to the Christians Aethiopia Nubia Congo and Monomotopa have their particular Kings There are also Arabian Cheiques in Belledulgerid and Sarra The Country of the Blacks is under several Petty Sovereigns whose Jurisdiction is bounded somtimes within the limits of a Town The Kings of England and Portugal and the Hollanders have several Ports upon the Sea-coast for the better accommodation of their Trade into the Inland Country The French also possess some places of Trade in Barbary Guiney and in the Island of Madagascar which they call the Dolphins Island The grand Master of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem is Lord of the Island of Maltha Of BARBARY West BARBARJE by Rob t Mordon East BARBARJE by Robt. Morden BY the Name of Barbary was that part of Africa known to the Ancients which we call Zanguebar whereas the modern Barbary lies all along upon the Mediterranean Sea being the best and best peopled Country of all Africa by reason of the convenience of Trade The Romans the Sarazens the Vandals the Arabians the Moors the Turks have been successively Lords thereof and have called the Cities by different Names But at this day a great part of it is under the Turk The Emperor of Fez and Morocco Rules the North-west part The Spaniards Portugals English and Dutch possess several places upon the Coast Susaon Constantine Couco Labes are little Kingdoms that lie in the Mountains Saly Tituan Algier Tunis and Tripoly belong to the Pirats the three last under the Protection of the Grand Signior who sends a Basha to each though they have but very little Authority The French hold the place called the Bastion of France and the Genoeses the Island Tabarque Barbary is inhabited by the Africans or Bereberes oftner called Moors There are also some Arabians who setled themselves there in the Year 999. They live in the open Field in Adouares or Commonalties compos'd of several Families which they call Baraques where they have an 100 or 200 Tents set up in a Round The Inhabitants are generally of a duskish or rather blackish Complexion naturally Ingenious and given to Arts and Literature studious in their Law very distrustful inconstant crafty malicious when angred very active good Horsemen of a stately gate costly in their Apparel and jealous of their Wives who are of a comely Body well featured of delicate soft Skins and in their Dress exceeding sumptuous The Language spoken at present in most of the Maritime Towns is the Arabick but in Fesse and Morocco the Punick or old African the ancient Language of the Country 'T is situate between 30 and 35 degrees of Northern Latitude the longest Summers day about 13 hours one quarter increased to 14 and one quarter in the most Northern parts it is extended in length from the Atlantick Ocean to Egypt in breadth from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlas Mountains Barbary comprehends several Kingdoms that contain Cities of the same Name Morocco Fez Telensen or Tremisen Algier Tunis Tripoly and Barca Of the Kingdom of Fez. A New Map of the Kingdoms of FEZ MAROCCO by R. Morden THis Country lies between the Mediterranean Sea and Morocco on the North and South and between the Ocean Atlantick and the Argierine Territories on the West and East and contains the ancient Mauritania Tingitania 'T is now divided into seven Parts or Provinces viz. Temesne Fez Azgar Habat Errife Garret and Chaus The chief places of the Province of Temesne are 1. Rabat Opinum olim Episcopalis Tingitanae built after the Model of Morocco with its Aqueduct 12 Miles long by King Mansor Anfa and Anafe on the Coast seated in a delightful Plain was once one of the most famous Cities of Africa for its Trade with the English and Portugals and for its Riches but being addicted to Piracy was the cause of its Ruine and of that of Almansor Muchatia on the Guer is now famous only for the Tomb of one of their Morabuts or Saints Adendum is noted for its many Iron Mines about it Tegaget for its store of Grains The Province of Fez lies between the Rivers of Suba Sabur teste Marm. Cast and Baragrag the Salu of Plin. Ptol. c. the Ornament of this Province nay of all Barbary is Fez which the Mahometans call The Court of the West about a degree from the Ocean and as much from the Mediterranean Sea Volubilis Tingitanae Ptol. Volubile Plin. teste Marmol 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Seldeni the fairest and best City of all Barbary but the Romantick Description by Heylin Blome c. is very different from our later Relations so that I can write nothing of it with certainty The City of Mahmora fell into the hands of the Portugals in 1515 but retaken by the King of Fez who there defeated 10000 Christians and got 60 pieces of Artillery taken again by the Spaniards 1614. and fortified having a good Port. Sally or Sale is the Salu Plin. Ptol. Sol. Sella Jo. Leoni Cela Marm. is composed of two Cities the Old and New its Fortress is on a rising Ground with an high Tower in its Castle is the magnificent Tomb of King Manson and others it hath a Trade with the English French Dutch and Genouese but 't is most enriched by its Piracies Michness between Sally and Fez is encompassed with Gardens of excellent Fruits as Pomegranates Citrons Oranges Lemmons Figs Olives Grapes c. Asgar or Azgar towards the Sea affords Fens and Marshes where they catch store of Eels And store of Forests whence they have Charcoal and Wood whose chief places were Elgiumha or Elgiuhma now only a Granary where the Arabs store up their Corn. Casar-Elcaber or Alcazar is a place of pleasure built by King Mansor famous for the Battel which Don Sebastian King of Portugal lost in 1578. fought near this place in which all three of the Competitors lost their Lives Don Sebastian was slain in the Field Muly Mahomet of Fez was drowned and Abdelmelech of Morocco the Conqueror died either with the labour and pains or with the sickness with which he was seized before the Battel and amongst several others of eminent Quality was that famous infamous English Rebel Stuckley slain Lharais or Larrach
then two or three Alfaqui's or Priests examine the Candidate and being found deserving they grant him Testimonials of his willingness and abilities to be an Alfaqui and this is all the Education and Orders bestowed upon their Priests The Moors season of Prayers is five times in 24 hours The first is about Noon the second about Three of the Clock in the Afternoon the third at the going down of the Sun the fourth a little within Night the fifth a little before day in the Winter In their Addresses to these Holy Celebrations the Moors use great tokens of Reverence being very careful by washing c. in sitting themselves for the Giamma And here give me leave to hint what some of these Men which we count Barbarians have animadverted That the irreverent Carriage in Holy Places and sawcy Behaviour at our Sacred Solemnities by some of us Christians are great Reproaches to our Religion and often by them resented with Anger and Indignation Prayer they style The Key of Paradise and The Pillar of Religion and generally maintain so careful a performance of this publick Duty that no secular Business can detain them from nor any thing divert them at their Devotion As every Cavila have an Alcalib or High Priest chosen by the Alfaquis or Priest who is possessed of the Giamma Gheber or Great Church wherein every Friday which is their Sabbath he expounds some Text of the Alcoran so also every Cavila and Town have a particular Alcaddee from whom they cannot appeal to any other but Alcaddee Gheber or the chief of these Justiâ—ers who is appointed to receive such Appeals and is in constant attendance upon the King or chief Governor The Alcaddees sit in the Gates of the Cavila or some publick place to hear and determine all Cases And the Alcoran being the immutable Rule both of Civil Justice and Religion therefore according to the Letter and Interpretation thereof the Alcaddee frames all his Definitions and Judgments Here 's no intreaguing the Plea with Resolutions Cases Presidents Reports Old Statutes but according to the fresh circumstances of the Fact and the proof of what is alledged Adultery is a Capital Crime in the Moresco Catalogue and the person Convicted thereof without any regard of his Eminence or Quality is certainly stoned to Death For the first Theft the Convict is publickly whipped in the Market For the second he loseth his Hand For the third he dies exquisitely tormented and then exposed to the Birds of Prey All Homicide or killing of a Man by a Man is Capital Usury is totally forbidden by their Law for Mahomet hath made it an irremissible Sin but he that borrows Mony of another wherewith to traffick and gain gives the Lender an equal share of the Profits and it is usual for the Lender to forbear the Borrower till he perceive him frâ—udulent careless or unfortunate Marriage is in so peculiar an Estimation that Mahomed made it the second of his eight Precepts and the Moors are so generally observant of this Commandment that few among them are found to live out of the state of Wedlock if they are able to purchase a Wife Polygamy Concubinage and Divorce are used by them for Mahomed that he might the better complease the loose Humors of his first Sectaries made his Religion to contain many carnal Indulgences denying nothing to Musselmen that had any sensible compliance with their brutal Affections Of ALGIER A New Map of the Kingdome of ALGIER by Rob. Morden THE Kingdom of Algier is Famous as well for its Riches and Forces as for its Piracies of Christians and its Barbarousness to its Captives It was known to the Ancients by the Name of Mauritania Caesariensis Geographers divide it into five Parts or Kingdoms Telensin Tenes Algier Bugia and Constantina Grammajus tells us That the Turks have established therein twenty Governments whereof ten are upon the Coast and ten within Land To these he also adds ten Divisions more but so intermixed and uncertain that I shall not mention them But I shall proceed to a Description of the five principal Parts aforesaid and first of the Province of Telensin by the Inhabitants called Tremecen from its chief City which is the Timici of Plin. and Ptol. Marmol distant about seven or eight Leagues from the Sea. In the decay of the Saracenical Empire it usurped the Majesty of a Kingly Title which tho' much disgraced by being made subject to Abulthasen King of Fez after a Siege of thirty Months yet at last it assumed its Liberty under divers Kings of its own one of which viz. Abdalla shaking off the Spanish Allegiance submitted himself and Kingdom to Solyman the Magnificent It was once a City one of the greatest and fairest of Barbary and very strong for it sustained a Seige of seven years against Joseph the puissant King of Fez and at last forced him to raise it Humain al. One is the Antient Artifiga Sans Cisira Sïga of Ptol. Castaldo in 1535. ruined by the Castilians The Country about it abounds with Figs Oranges Pomgranats and Cotton of which the Inhabitants make divers Manufactures Haresgol or Aresgol is the Siga of Strab. Plin. and Mela. teste Marmol by some Zerfen or Zersen A Roman Colony and Residence of Syphâ—x before he seized the Estate of Mâ—ssiâ—issa It s situation is on a Rock surrounded with the Sea except on the South side once much greater than it is but the ill treatment it hath received from the Kings of Fez from the Califfs from the Moors from the Castilians and from the Arabs hath reduced it to that small Estate that it is now at under the Government of Algier Oran which the Africans call Tuharan rather Guharan the Nubian Geog. Vaharan is the Cuisa of the Antient Sans The Quiza and Zenitana of Plin. the Buiza of Ptol. taken by Cardinal Ximines in the year 1509. at which time the Spaniards lost but fifty Men killed four thousand Moors redelivered twenty thousand Christian Captives Marsa el Quibir Sans Marzachibar Merc. Mâ—rza Quivir Baud. Portus Magnus of Plin and Mela taken by the Marquess of Comares anâ— 1505. for the Spaniards It is one of the fairest greatest and securest Ports in all Africa Tefezara or Tefesre was the Astalicis or Astacilitis of Ptol. teste Marmol Hubbede or Hubet is the Mniara of Ptol. the Mina of Ant. Marmol Guagida the Lanigara of Ptol. Marmol is the capital City of the Province of Hanghad or Anghad possessed by the Arabs and noted for its Ostriches Beniarax or Beniarasid the Bunobora of Ptol. Sans is the Capital Town of the Province so called it contains twenty five thousand Inhabitants and pays twenty five thousand Ducates of Tribute Calat-Haoara or the Vrbara of old is strong Moascar the Victoria of Ptol. is the Residence of the Governour of the Algerins Batha is the Vaga of old much ruined but Villanov and Mol. tells us That Vaga is now Tegmedel Tenes is a Country both plain and mountanous
Antacon Sebaka Vansleb the other Meeris now called Buchiarea or Kern Vansleb BILEDVLGERID ZAARA c. Biledulgerid Sarra Terra Nigritarum Guine Nova Descriptio Robt. Morden BIledulgerid improperly is the Numidia of the Antients where inhabited the Getuli it signifies a Country plentiful in Dates Which is a Fruit which much enriches the Inhabitants This part of Africa extends from East to West almost as far as Barbary It s principal Parts are Sus or Tesset Darha Segelomessa Tegorarin Zeb and Mezzab Techort and Guergula Biledulgerid and the Desert of Barca Sus by Sanutus is called Tesset to distinguish it from that in the Kingdom of Morocco It is said to have many Towns Castles and Villages Its Inhabitants are Beriberes Africaâ—â— or Arabs Tesset is a Town of about four hundred â—â—â—ses Darba its chief Town 〈…〉 same name seated upon a River a so so called Segelomessaâ—â— one of the greatest and best Provinces of Biledulgerid whose chief City bears the same name containing several small Estates Tegorâ—rin hath more than fifty walled Towns and one hundred and fifty Villages Zeb and Mezab are much troubled with Scorpions whose bitings is mortal The Estates of Techort and Guergula have each their Prince yet pay Tribute to Algier Biledulgerid or Beled-Elgered contains the Estates of Gademes Fezzen and Teorregu the chief City is Caphsa the Capha said to be built by the Lybian Hercules There are in Biledulgerid some few Mahometan Kings whose power is very inconsiderable The Arabians under their Cheicks or Cheifs are very strong in Horse and would be able to attempt great things were they not so much at War among themselves Sometimes they assist the Turks sometimes the King of Morocco and Fez. The change of Governments and diversity of Languages has made a great alteration in the Names of the Cities The Arabians are great Hunters of Ostridges as getting great profit by it For they sell the Feathers eat the Flesh make Bags of their Skins to put their baggage in they divine by the Heart they make their Medicaments of the Fat and Pendants for their Ears of the Claws and Beaks Mount Alas extends some of its Limbs into Biledulgerid And the Cape of Non was for a good while the furthest shore of the Portugal Navigation Zahara or Zaara signifies a Desert And is part of that which the Antients called Lybia interior where lived the Antient Getuli and Garamantes The Getuli were a people of the Interior Lybia Vagrants having no certain fixed Habitation teste Silio Melas By Pliny they are placed in Mauritania Caesariensis next to the Massaesylis By Ptolomy in Lybia interior near to Dara By Honorius between Carthage and Numiâ—ia There is nothing to be seen but Sand Mountains and Scorpions for which reason the Inhabitants wear Boots to preserve themselves from being bitten by those Animals Nevertheless the Air is wholesome and the Sick are brought thither out of other Countries to recover their Health The Arabians make three Divisions of it Cebel where the Sand is small without any greenness Zaara where it is all Gravel and somewhat green And Asgar full of Lakes Grass and Shrubs Travellers must provide themselves of all necessaries For the Houses and Wells are so far distant one from another that a Man may Travel a hundred Leagues together and not meet either with Lodging or Water In one of these Deserts a Merchant suffer'd so severe a Drowth that he gave ten thousand Duckets for a glass of Water and yet he dy'd as well as the Carrier that had receiv'd the Money Men are forc'd sometimes to bury themselves in the Sands to avoid the Lions and other Wild Beasts that make a most dreadful roaring in the Night The Natives are for the most part Shepherds and the best Huntsmen in the World but very miserable Some of them are Mahumetans but the most part Libertines Several petty Lords receive the Tribute of the Caravans that pass through the Country Their other Revenue consists in Cattel and when they value the Wealth of a Man they ask how many Camels he hath There are reckon'd to be five principal Deserts Zanhaga Zuenzâ—ga wherein there are Salt Pits Targa Lempta and Berdoa to which some add Borno and Gaoga The Ghir which is their biggest River makes some very considerable Lakes and is lost in the Sands in several places as it runs the Rio Ouro was so call'd by the Portugals by reason of Gold which they found in it at their first coming This River runs under the Tropic through Desert Countries with ten or twelve Arms toward the end of its course The Coast to Cape Bejador is nothing but white and grey Sand-hâ—lls overgrown with wild Bulrushes Nigritia or the Land of the Blacks seems to be so call'd from the Antient Nigrites so term'd also from the blackness of their Complexion Or else from the Colour of the Earth which in some parts is all scorch'd and burnt up by the excessive heat The Niger somewhat qualifies the heat of the Country but the Rains occasion several Diseases Cape Blanco or Caput Album is a long extent of Sand as hard as a Rock about ten or twelve Cubits high with a spacious Port where Ships ride safe what ever Wind for the most part blows Arguin a Castle in a small Island belongs to the Hollanders Barks may go up the River of Saint John and there Trade with the Negros for Ostridge Feathers Gums Amber and some small parcels of Gold. Senega one of the principal Arms of Niger is not above a League over at the Mouth The Coast to the North of Senega is very low not to be seen hardly twelve Leagues off the Road of Cape Verd. the Asinerium promontorium teste Barrio Mancandan and Besenege Thev Ryssadium promâ—nt teste Nigro is about twelve Fathom deep with a grey Sand at the bottom The Flemish Island or Goree is fortified with a Platform flank d with four Baslious with a strong brick Tower. The entry into it is upon the West part of the Island where a Ship of fifteen hundred Tun may Ride The Road is good but there is little fresh Water Rafrisque is a very convenient retiring place Gambia is about five Leagues over at the Mouth but is not Navigable for Barks above sixty Leagues by reason of the Sands and Rocks in it Some say that the Portugals go up the Niger as far as the Kingdom of Benin which is above eight hundred Leagues That the Danes possess Cantozi toward that part where Niger divides it self That Niger makes several Lakes upon which are built many fine Cities from whence there go Caravans as far as Tripoli in Barbary The Negros are very simple Idolaters toward the Sea and Mahumetans in the Inland Country They have some very considerable Kingdoms but the greatest part of their Cities are not so good as our Villages the Houses being built of Wood Chalk and Straw and many times one of these Cities make a Kingdom
blood Cordevanis Cedar Wood and a plant call'd Mader It contains three Cities the chief of which is Fouchial or Funghal the Residence of a Governor and a Bishop The City is long and narrow at the foot of a Mountain which is about three quarters of a League high with three Fortresses and a Port like a Crescent where Ships may ride within Pistol shot of the Town The Island contains thirty six Parishes five or six Religious Convents four Hospitals six or seven thousand Houses twenty five thousand Inhabitants and so many Gardens that the whole seems a Garden of pleasure The Island Porto Sancto hath much what the same Commodities with Madera but is not above eight or ten Leagues in circuit thought to be the Cerne of Ptolomy and reckoned for the most remote Colony which the Carthaginians had in the Western Ocean Between the Canaries and the Madera's I find two small Islands called Salvages in some Maps but in the Sea-charts I find only a heap of Sands and no description of them in any Geography CAPE VERDE Ilands by Rt. Morden THE Islands which are in the parallel of Cape Verd are to the number of ten and bear the name of the Cape which lies in the most Western part of all Africa The Antients call'd them Hesperides and Gorgades and the Fables plac'd there the Orchards with Golden Apples which were kept by a Dragon Christopher Columbus said they were falsly nam'd for in his third Voyage he found them to be dry and barren They are for the most part possessed and inhabited by the Portugals who transport thence Salt and Goats-skins of which they make excellent Cordevants There is in one of these Islands called Mayo so great quantity of Salt that it is said it could load above two thousand Sail of Ships so that the Flemings call them all the Islands of Salt. The Principal Island is that of Saint Jago or James's with a City of the same Name which is none of the best inhabited through the unwholesomeness of the Air. The Nine other Islands are Saint Anthony's Saint Vincent Saint Luce Saint Nicholas the Isle of Salt Bona Vista Mayo I. de Fuogo and Brava There are some wherein there are no Inhabitants but only Goats The neighbouring Ocean bears the Name of Green by reason that it is covered with a kind of Green and Yellow weed so that it looks like a Meadow There are four things which to me strongly prove that the Islands of Cape Verd do rather answer to the fortunate Islands of Ptolomy then the Canaries 1. Their difference of Latitude for Ptolomy placeth his fortunate Islands between the tenth and sixteenth Degree of Latitude the Canaries are about twenty eight Degrees of Latitude 2. Their distance in regard of the Coast of Africa which Ptolomy makes the nearest distance to be eight Degrees when as the furthest of the Canaries is not so much 3. The disposition of their Situation from East to West for Ptolomy confines his Fortunate Isles almost under one Meridian the Canaries contain five or six Degrees in Longitude 4. In respect of their Situation from North to South for Ptolomy extends those four or six Degrees of Latitude whereas the Canaries lie all in the same Degree of Latitude however I shall submit to better judgments therein The Isle of Saint Thomas under the Equator affords a great quantity of Sugar but the Air is bad for strangers that come to live there for they never grow bigger than they were at their first arrival The Portugals were the first that subdu'd it The best Town in it is Pavoasan containing about seven hundred Houses with a Fortress in the Eastern part of the Island It has several Trees like those in the Island of Fer which distil Water continually for the use of the Inhabitants Hogs Flesh is more wholesome and nourishing than Fowl by reason they feed their Hogs with Sugar Canes The Island of the Prince so call'd because the Revenue of that Island is appointed for the Maintenance of the Prince of Portugal yields some Fruit Sugar and Ginger Annobon is so called because it was first discovered upon the first day of the year The Portugals live toward the North part thereof it yields Sugars Cottons Cattle and excellent Fruits and Oranges that in the year 1623 weighed twelve ounces Saint Hellens sixteen Leagues in compass in the Ethiopick Sea high and mountainous There is no Island in the World so far distant from the Terra Firma 't is called the Sea-Inn because they that return from the East Indies stop and refresh there and in the Vallies it 's very Fertile the Air so healthful that Sick Persons are in a short time restored to their Health well furnished with good Water which alone is a great refreshment to the Ships and of so great importance that the English keep and possess it in despite of Portugals Spaniards or Dutch or any other that dispute with them the Dominion of the Sea. The Islands of Fernando Saint Matthews and Ascension are not inhabited and of no great account only they afford Fowls Wild Beasts and Fish Zocotora and Behel-Mendel lies toward the Red-Sea where the passage is most convenient from the Coast of Africk Zocotora near Cape Guadarfu is under the Jurisdiction of an Arabian King. It is a good Road and hath very convenient Bays where Ships may ride secure among the very Rocks It affords excellent Fishing Cattle in great abundance and is famous for the goodness and quantity of its Aloes MADAGASCAR or St. LAURANCE by Rob. Morden MAdagascar Madecase by the Natives Sazandib by the Arabs Manuthyas Ptol. Magaster by M. P. Venet. Albagra Thev Dâ— Cerne Merc. Dauphin Island by the French St. Laurence by Trisian d' Acunna the Portugal who discovered it An. Dom. 1508 tho great is the difference in Spanish Writers about the first that landed here lies in the Eastern which we call the Indian Sea it is the biggest of all the Islands that belong to Africa from whence it does not lie above a hundred or ninety Leagues distant Nor is there any Island in the World of so vast an extent For it is in length above three hundred and forty of our Leagues and about one hundred broad It s chief Ports are the Bay of Antongil or St. Anthony the best in all the Island Further towards the North Boamarage towards the South Angoada Cacumbout Manialoufe Manajara or the Port of Prunes Matatane Manapate or the Port of Gallions Manatenga Anamboul Fort des Francois Sancta Clara Bay St. Lucia Fort Dauphin Cape Romain Cape St. Mario Port St. Augustin Port Santiago or St. James Port St. Vincent Terra del Gada Terra de St. Andra Vingagora c. According to our Relations the Air is temperate enough the Soyl produces several sorts of Grains and Trees the Waters are excellent and the Fruits delicious The Mountains are full of Wood Pasturage and Plants of divers sorts and the Champain Country is
water'd with Rivers and Lakes full of Fish Pity it is that so noble an Island and so populous should continue so long uncivilized and corrupted with Mahumetism and Heathenism and estranged from God and Virtue and seated so advantageously for Traffick with all the World. They transport from thence Rice Hides Wax Gums Christal Steel Copper Ebony and Woods of several sorts Among the Natives there are both Blacks and Whites generally Strong Active and Couragious delighted with Sports and Novelties Hunting Hawking Fishing and Dancing are their Recreations Nature abhorring cruelty instructs them to punishâ—â—â—ther with Death Adultery with publick Shame These with Banishment Ignorant they are in Agriculture and Learning for to them Nil scire nihil Jucundius There are in Madagascar a great number of particular Lords who bear the Title of Rohandrians who are continually at War among themselves for their Cattle The English Portugals and Hollanders have sometimes set footing there The English in the Bay of St. Augustin and at Port del Gada The Portugals in the Bay of Gallions The Hollanders in the Bay of Antongil But since the erecting Fort Dauphine the French have assum'd to themselves all the Eastern and Southern part of the Isle Madagascar sits as Empress amongst many smaller Islands which do as it were inviron and defend her The Chief whereof are the Isle Burbon otherwise called Mascarenhas twenty five Leagues long and fourteen broad it belongs at this day wholly to the French. In this Island there is a Mountain that vomits Fire but the rest of the Land is the best and most pleasant in the World for the Waters are very wholesome and there are most of the Commodities which are in the Island of Madagascar This is also call'd by our Sea-men Englands Forest The other Islands are Mauritius or Cerne where the Variation was twenty four Degrees and nineteen Minutes teste Herbert An Island abounding with and capable of all things requisite for the necessary use of Man in circuit about one hundred English Miles The Air good the Soil luxuriant in Grass Herbs and Flowers replenished with Trees of several sorts especially with Ebony Cocos and the Palm Tree Saint Apolonia and others the Names and Situations whereof you may see in the Map. Nine Leagues from Madagascar lie the Sholes or Baixos d' India memorably dangerous for Shipwracks as are also John de Nova and Primero or St. Christopher upon the Baixos d' Pracel The Isles of Chumro are four viz. Chumro Motilla where the Variation was sixteen Degrees and twenty Minutes Joanna and Mayotta MALTHA by Rob. Morden MAltha seated almost in the middle of the Mediterranean was formerly call'd Melita from its plenty of Hony. It is said to belong to Africa as being nearer to that Coast than the Coast of Europe and for that the Maltesi partake more of the Customs and Manners of the Africans than of the Europeans The Island had formerly the same Lords as Sicily Now it is the Residence of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem under one Prince whom they call the Grand Master the Patron of the Order The Emperor Charles the Fifth gave it to the Knights who had no certain Residence after the loss of Rhodes having formerly resided at Jerusalem Margat Acra and Limisso in the Island of Cyprus The Order is compos'd of eight Languagues Provinc Auvergne France Italy Aragon England Germany and Castile The three Languages of France have three hundred Commanderies but the rest of the five altogether have no more The name of Knights was not in use at the beginning of the Institution being then call'd the Hospitallers of St. John of Jerusalem The Soyl of the Island which is not above two Foot deep produces Cuminseed Anniseseed and Cotton Wool here is but little Corn and Wine so that Sicily supplies that defect The Island is not above twenty three Miles in length and twelve broad It is the best fortifi'd place in the World as being the Bulwark of Christendom there being above three hundred Canons mounted upon all her Fortresses The Roses of Maltha contend for sweetness with those of Paestam and the Hony with that of Hybla or Hymettus The Air is clear and healthful and the Inhabitants live long The New City Valetta is fortified with impregnable Walls and Bulworks There are also three other considerable Towns viz. the Isola or the Town Senglea with the Fort of St. Michael which for its stout resistance it made in 1565 against the Turks obtained the Name of Citta Invitta The other the Borgo del Castello a Mare guarded with the Castle St. Angelo for its Valor and Fidelity against the Ottoman Army 1569 was honoured with the Title of Citta Vittoriosa Lastly the Old City called Milita now Citta Notabile about the middle of the Island To which we may add about thirty or forty great Casales or Villages and twenty six Parish Churches the number of Inhabitants according to a Survey taken 1632 were 50112 of which about ¼ may be now accounted fighting Men. The number of Knights are said to be between two or three thousand And the number of Slaves about two thousand belonging to the Order besides three hundred to private Persons besides those in the Gallies The Great Master of the Order is now Prince and Chief Governor of the whole Island and the Island now is in a very flourishing condition so that few Subjects live more happily Gozo of old Gaulos a little Island near to Maltha affords Wheat and other Grain and the Grand Master is call'd Prince thereof It maintains about three thousand Persons and about five hundred Houses in the year 1565 the Turkish Armata most inhumanly wasted it and carried away six thousand Prisoners Between Maltha and Gozo lies a little Island called Comino Hâ—phaestia of old guarded with a Fort opposite to that in Gozo And to the young Knights whose valor deserves reward he gives the Title of Prince of Forfolo which is a Rock not far from the Coast AMERICA AMERICA By R. Morden THIS fourth and last part of the World is call'd the New World new for its last discovery World for its greatness 't is likewise commonly but improperly termed America and often the West Indies what kind of Country it is and what it produceth we now do know in part but shall know better in future Ages This great part of the Earth was unknown to the Europeans until the year 1492 when it pleased Divine Providence God having promised that his Gospel should be preached to all Nations to stir up one Christopher Colon alias Columbus a Genoese who whether by considering the motion of the Sun he did persuade himself that there was another World to which that glorious Planet did Communicate both its Light and Heat when it went from us or whether he was informed of it from Alonso Zanches we know not certain it is this World he purposed to seek after and opening his design to the State of Genoa
Lodges near the Mines and some Cities as Zacatecas Durango c. In new Biscany there are no Cities but only Mines of Silver as Saint John Barbara and Endes The Audience of Gautemala is divided into these Provinces Gautemala Soconusco Chiapa Vera-paz Honduras Nicaragua Costarica and Veragua Gautimala is a Country hot but rich subject to Earthquakes and hath excellent Balms Amber Bezar and Salt and Indigo Full of rich Pastures stocked with Cattle plenty of Cotton Wool excellent Sulphur store of Medicinal Drugs and abundance of Fruit especially Cacao in vast plenty that it lades many Vessels which serves both for Meat and Drink Chief Cities are Saint Jago de Gautimala Situate on a little River betwixt two Vulcano's one of Water the other of Fire that of Water is higher than the other and yields a pleasant Prospect being almost all the year green and full of Indian Wheat and the Gardens adorned with Roses Lilies and other Flowers all the year and with many sorts of sweet and delicate Fruit. The other Vulcan of Fire is more unpleasant and more dreadful to behold here are Ashes for Beauty Stones and Flints for Fruits and Flowers for Water Whisperings and Fountain Murmurs noise of Thunder and roaring of consuming Metals for sweet and odoriferous Smells a stink of Fire and Brimstone Thus is Gautimala seated between a Paradise and Hell other chief Towns are Mixco Pinola Petapa and Amatitlan The Residence of the Governor the Seat of the Bishop and Court of Audience In 1541 it was almost overwhelmed by a Deluge of boiling Water which descended from that Vulcano which is near it out of which it cast Fire in abundance Soconusco hath only the little City Guevetlan on the Coast nothing of particular or worthy to be noted in it Chiapa is not very fruitful in Corn or Fruits but well stocked with lofty Trees some yielding Rosin others pretious Gums and others Leaves that when dried to Powder make a Sovereign Plaister for sores 'T is full of Snakes and other venemous Creatures Chiapa exceedeth most Provinces of America in fair Towns 't is divided into three parts viz. Chiapa Zeldales and Zoques Chief Places are Chiapa Real and Chiapa de Indies twelve Leagues from the first upon the River Grejavalva St. Bartholomews at the foot of the Cuchumatlanes Mountains Copanabastla noted for its Cotton Wool. Near Chiapa are several Fountains which are strange near Acaxutla is a Well whose Water is observed to rise and fall according to the flowing and Ebbing of the Sea though far from it near St. Bartholomews is a pit into which if one cast a stone tho' never so small it makes a noise as great and terrible as a Clap of Thunder another Fountain that for three years together increaseth though there be no Rain and for three years after diminisheth though there be never so much another that falls in rainy weather and rises in dry another that kills Birds and Beasts that drink it yet cures the Sick. The entrance into Golfe Dulce is straitned with two Rocks or Mountains on each side but within a fine Road and Harbor wide and capacious to secure a thousand Ships Honduras or Comayagua is a Country of pleasant Hills and fruitful Vallies hath Fruits Grains rich Pastures brave Rivers and Mines of Gold and Silver but it s greatest profit is Wool. It s chief places are Vallad lâ—d equally distant between the two Seas situate in a pleasant fruitful Valley 2. Grâ—tias a Dios near the rich Mines of Gold. 3. Saint Juan del poâ—to de los Cavallos once a famous Port. 4. Traxillo both pillaged by the English Nicaragua called Mahomets Paradise by reason of its fertility and store of Gold a Country destitute of Rivers the want whereof is supplyed by a great Lake which Ebbs and Flows like the Sea upon its Banks are seated many pleasant Cities and Villages the chief is Leon near unto a Vulcan of Fire where a Fryer seeking for Treasure met with the end of his design and of his Life the Residence of the Governor and Seat of a Bishop Grenada beautified with a fair Church and Castle Jaen Segovia and Realeo near Mar del Zur The City Granada is one of the richest places in the India's The passage of the Lake Granada or Nicaragua called El Desaguadero is very dangerous Costarica and Veragua are the two most Eastern Provinces of the Audience of Gautimala in the first are the Cities of Carthage seated between the two Seas In the other La Conception La Trinadad and Sancta Fe being the place where the Spaniards melt refine and cast their Gold into Bars and Ingots New MEXICO vel New GRANATA et MARATA et CALIFORNIA by R. Morden WEst of Florida and North of New Spain there are numerous Inhabitants and various Provinces and Countries little known by the Europeans which I call in general New Mexico others comprehend them under the name of New Granada however there have been observed divers people very different in their Languages Manners and Customs some having fixed and setled Habitations others wandring after their Flocks some dwelling in Cities or Towns others in Herds or Troops like the Tartars This Country was first made known to the Spaniards by the Travels of Fryer Marco de Nisa inflamed by whose reports Vasquez di Coranado in the year 1540 undertook the further discovery thereof where not finding what they looked for Gold and Silver hungry honour yielding but poor subsistence the further search of these Countries was quite laid aside almost as little known now as before New Mexico California Anian Quiviria and Libola are the principal parts of it St. Fe or St. Foy is the principal City distant from the the Old Mexico above five hundred Leagues being the Residence of the Spanish Governor where they have a Garison and Silver Mines California once esteemed a Peninsula now thought to be an Island extending in length from the twenty second Degree of Northern Latitude to the forty second but the breadth narrow the Northern Point called Cape Blance of which there is little memorable the most Southern called Cape St. Lucas remarkable for the great prize there taken from the Spaniards by Captain Cavendish in his Circumnavigation of the World Anno 1587. Where is also Nova Albion discovered by Sir Francis Drake Anno 1577 and by him so named in Honor of his own Country once called Albion who caused a Pillar to be erected in the place on which he fastned the Arms of England Opposite to Cape Blanco and the utmost North parts of America lies the supposed Kingdom of Anian from whence the Straits of Anian which are by some thought to part Asia and America do derive their name The riches of Quiviria consist in their Oxen whose Flesh is the ordinary food of the Inhabitants their Skins serve them for cloathing their Hair for Thred of their Nerves and Sinews they make Cords and Bow-strings of their Bones they make Nails and
be Rich. A New Map of VIRGINIA By Rob t Morden NO sooner had Colonus alias Columbus made his prime discovery of the Western World when seconded by John Cabot a Venetian the Father of Sebastian Cabot in behalf by the incouragement and at the charges of Henry the Seventh King of England who in the year 1497 discovered all this Coast from the Cape of Florida in the South beyond New-found-land in the North as far as to the Latitude of 67 and half Causing the Sachims or Petit-Kings to turn Homagers to the King and Crown of England This discovery by the two Cabots Father and Son did first intitle he Crown of England to the right of that vast Tract of Land. This design was after seconded by Mr. Hare bringing thence certain of the said Petit-Kings who did homage to King Henry the Eight Rediscovered by the Direction and at the charge of Sir Walter Rawleigh Anno 1584 who sending Mr. Philip Amadas and Mr. Arthur Barlow did take possession thereof in Queen Elizabeths name in honor of whom he caused all the said Tract of Land to be called Virginia Some say it was so called by the Queen her self by the Natives called Apalchen but Virginia is now circumscribed by that space of Land that lies between Mary-land which bounds it on the North and Carolina on the South New-England New-York New-Jersey Mary-land Carolina and Pensilvania have since been separated from it by particular Patents and made distinct Provinces of themselves The entrance by Sea into this Country is by the Mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac between Cape Henry and Cape Charles The chief Rivers of Virginia are 1. Powhatan now called James River on the West side of the mouth of the Bay of Chesapeac this River is at its entrance about three Miles wide and Navigable about one hundred and fifty Miles 2. Pamaunkee termed York River fourteen Miles Northward from James River Navigable now sixty or seventy Miles but with small Vessels about thirty or forty Miles farther 3. Rappahanoc antiently known by the name of Toppahanoc Navigable about one hundred and thirty Miles Besides these Navigable and more principal Rivers there are other smaller Rivers and of less note which fall into some or other of the forementioned Into Powhattan falls Apumatuc Southward Eastward Quyonycahanuc Nunsamund and Chesopeac Northward Chickâ—mabania Into Pamuunkee fall Poyankatank That part of the Country now planted by the English is divided into Nineteen Counties viz. On the Eastern Shore the Country of Northampton in Acomack on the Western Shore the Counties of Caratuck Lower-Norfolk Nansemund Isle of Wight Surry Warwick Henrico James Charles York New-Kent Glocester Middlesex Lancaster Northumberland Westmoreland Rappahanock and Hartford Of the few Towns hitherto erected in this Colony the chief is James Town the principal seat of the English and so denominated from and in honor of King James of Great Britain This Town is situated in a Peninsula on the North-side of James-River and hath in it many fair Houses whereof some are of Brick and at a little distant from the City is a fair Brick House called Green-Spring whe e the present Governor himself usually resides The other English Towns of most considerable note are only three viz. Henricopolis or Henry's Town situated about eighty Miles from James's City farther within Land Dales Gift so named from Sir Thomas Dale Deputy-Governor in the year 1610 at whose charges it was built and planted and Elizabeth's City containing several good Houses of Brick and Stone and lying on the same side of the River with James's City only nearer the mouth of the River Though English and other Foreign Coyns are not wholly wanting here upon several occasions yet the usual way of Traffick is by exchange of one Commodity for another but the general Standard by which all other Commodities receive their value is Tobacco which of all other Commodities this Country is capable of producing hath been hitherto the Subject of the Planters Industry of which there are two sorts one called Sweet-Scented the other called Oranoac which signifies as much as bright and large the first is of the greatest price the other more in quantity The Plantations that are judg'd to produce the best sort of Sweet-Scented are upon York River Of this Commodity of Tobacco there is so great a quantity planted in Virginia and imported from thence into England that the Custom and Excise paid for it in England yields the King about 50000 or 60000 Pound Sterling yearly for there are bound hither every year above one hundred and fifty Sail of Ships from England and other English Plantations merely for the taking off of this Commodity which they barter for Clothing Houshold-Stuff and all manner of Utensils and the only thing which lessens the value of it is the great quantity that is planted of it which if it were in less abundance it would be of much more esteem and yield far greater profit The Government of Virginia is by a Governor and Council deputed and authorized from time to time by the King of Great Britain the Legislative Power being in the Governor and a General Assembly which he calls to advise with and which consists of two Houses the upper House which is the Council it self and the lower which consists of chosen Bugâ—sses The chief Court of Judicature where all Civil and Criminal Causes are heard and determined and where the Governor and Council are Judges is called the Quarter-Court as being held every quarter of a year There are also Inferior Courts which are kept every Month in each of the forementioned Counties where matters not of the highest moment that is to say not relating to Life or Member or exceeding a certain limited value are tried and from whence in such Cases Appeals are made to the Quarter Courts There are likewise appointed by the Governor for the better administration of Justice in every respective Country Sheriffs Justices of Peace and other Officers of whom being deputed by the Governor to sit there these Country-Courts chiefly consist The Climate of Virginia is generally healthful and since the rectification of Diet and Lodging not disagreeable to English Bodies however at the first Plantation they were subject to a Distemper called a Seasoning though of late not frequent and much less mortal A Description of Mary-Land MAry-Land is a large and fertile Province lying between thirty eight Degrees and forty Degrees of North Latitude upon both sides of Cheasa-peak-Bay which is Navigable near two hundred Miles The Southerly Banks of the River Patow-meck divide it from Virginia on the South The Atlantick Ocean and Delaware Bay bounds it on the East Pensilvania on the North and the Meridian of the first Fountain of the River Patow-meck on the West This Province of Mary-Land his Majesty King Charles the First Anno 1632 granted by Patent to the Right Honourable Caecilius Calvert Lord Baltemore and to his Heirs and Assigns and by that Patent created him and
them the true and absolute Lords and Proprietors of the same saving the Allegeance and Sovereign Dominion due to his Majesty his Heirs and Successors likewise granting thereby to them all Royal Jurisdictions and Perogatives both Military and Civil as Power of enacting Laws making of War and Peace pardoning Offences conferring of Honors Coyning of Money c. and in acknowledgements thereof yielding and paying yearly to his Majesty his Heirs and Successors two Indian Arrows at Windsor Castle on Easter Tuesday together with the fifth part of all the Gold and Silver Ore that shall be there found The Rivers of Mary-Land are Patowmeck Patuxent Ann Arundel alias Severn Sasquesahanough Choptanke Nantecoke Pocomoke with several other lesser Rivers and Rivulets to the great Improvement of the Country and Beauty of the Province which is now very healthful and agreeable to the Constitutions of the English And such is the temperature of the Air that the Heats in Summer are so allayed by gentle Breezes and fresh Showers of Rain and the Cold in Winter is so small and short that the Inhabitants are not incommoded by either The Country is generally plain and even yet not without its small and pleasant Hills which heighten the Beauty of the adjacent Valleys The Soil rich and fertile naturally producing all such Commodities as are found in New England or Virginia or in any other part of this Continent The Government of Mary Land is by his Lordships Care and Prudence brought to a good Order and Settlement and framed much after the Model of the Government in England Upon Emergent Occasions his Lordships Governor there adviseth with the two Estates of the Province which consist of an upper and lower House and is called a General Assembly the upper House consists of the Governor and Council and such Lords of Mannors and others as his Lordship or his Lieutenant shall by Writ from time to time call thither and the lower House consists of Delegates chosen by Inhabitants in the respective Counties in the said Province which Assembly his Lordship or his Lieutenant Convenes Prerogues or Dissolves at pleasure and whatsoever is Decreed or Enacted by this Assembly with his Lordships assent is of the same force there as an Act of Parliament is in England and cannot pass or be repealed without the concurring assent of his Lordship with the other two Estates Next to this Legislative Council is the Provincial Court which is held every quarter of a year at St. Maries City this is the chief Court of Judicature where the most important Judicial Causes are tried of which in the absence of the Lord Proprietary the Lieutenant or Governor and Council are Judges and this is for the whole Province but for each particular County for a great part of the Province where any English Men are seated is divided into ten Counties there are other inferior Courts which are held six times of the year in each of these Counties for the Tryal of Causes not relating to Life nor exceeding the value of three thousand weight of Tobacco with Appeals from them to the Provincial Court. Of the ten Counties five lie on the West side of the Bay of Cheasapeack viz. St. Maries Charles Calvert Ann Aâ—undel and Baltimore Counties the other five on the Eastern Shore viz. Somerset Dorchester Talbot Cecil and Kent Counties in some of which there are several Towns built as Calverton Harrington and Harvy-Town on the East side of St. George's River is St. Maries City the Original and chief Town of this Province where the General Assemblies meet and the Provincial Courts are kept and also the Secretaries Office it being erected into the Priviledge of a City by the name of St. Maries which gives denomination to that County The Ground plat of a Fort and Prison was long since laid here upon a point of Land termed Windmill-Point from a Wind-mill which formerly stood there being a very proper situation for the commanding of St. George's River this Fort will make a secure Harbor for Ships to ride in from all danger of Hostile and Piratical Invasions Besides the House which belongs to the Governor there by the name of St. Johns in this City the present Governor Mr. Charles Calvert his Lordships Son and Heir hath of late years built him a very fair House partly of Brick partly of Timber where he and his Family usually reside about eight Miles from St. Maries at Mattapany The Natives of this Country are generally well proportioned and able-bodied Men delighting chiefly in Hunting being generally excellent Marks-Men while the Women not only manage their Domestick Affairs but also Tillage Plantation and all manner of improvement of their Land. To conclude the Impeopling and Trade of this Province by the vast Expence Care and Industry of the Lord Proprietary hath been improved to that height that in the year 1670 there were reckoned near twenty thousand English planted there And that which keeps them together in the greatest Peace Order and Concord imaginable is the Liberty of Conscience which his Lordship in prudence allows to all persons that profess Christianity though of different Persuasions so that every Man lives quietly and securely with his Neighbor neither molesting nor being molested for difference of Judgment in Religion which Liberty is established there by an Act of Assembly with his Lordships consent to continue for ever A New Map of New JARSEY and PENSILVANIA By Robt. Morden FOR the Province the general Condition of it take as followeth I. The Country it self in its Soil Air Water Seasons and produce both Natural and Artificial is not to be despised The Land containeth divers sorts of Earth God in his Wisdom having ordered it so that the advantages of the Country are divided II. The Air is sweet and clear the Heavens serene like the South-parts of France rarely overcast and as the Woods come by numbers of People to be more cleared that it self will Refine III. The Waters are generally good for the Rivers and Brooks have mostly Gravel and Stony Bottoms and in Number hardly credible We have also Mineral Waters that operate in the same manner with Barnet and North-hall not two Miles from Philadelphia IV. For the Seasons of the Year First Of the Fall I found it from the 24th of October to the beginning of December as we have it usually in England in September or rather like an English mild Spring From December to the beginning of the Month called March we had sharp frosty Weather not foul thick black Weather as our North-East Winds bring with them in England but a Skie as clear as in Summer and the Air dry cold piercing and hungry The reason of this Cold is given from the great Lakes that are fed by the Fountains of Canada The Winter before was as mild scarce any Ice at all while this for a few days Froze up our great River Delaware From that Month to the Month called June we enjoyed a sweet Spring no Gusts
and the said Edward Byllynge that a partition should be made thereof The which was accordingly done by Deed interchangeable enroll'd which Partition begins on the West side of a certain place upon the South Sea call'd by the Name of Little Eag Harbor and which runs from thence by a streight Line to the most Northerly Extent of the whole Premises Upon which Partition it was agreed that Carterets part should be call'd the Province of the East New Jarsey and Byllynges part should be call'd the Province of West New Jarsey East Jarsey is bounded from the Line of Partition Eastward part with the Main Ocean and part with Hudsons River which separates it from New York And West Jarsey from the said Partition Line expands it self Southward and Westward unto that famous Bay and River of Delaware which also separates that Province from Pensilvania in which Bay and River it s well known Ships of the greatest Burden may Ride at Anchor and pass with safety a hundred Miles up into the Country And in which River from the Mouth of the Bay are not less than twenty Creeks and Harbors some whereof issuing five ten fifteen if not twenty Miles into the Province The Partition being thus made of the two Provinces The Government of West Jarsey was thereupon given and granted by the present King when Duke of York unto the abovenamed Edward Byllynge and his Heirs with the same Jurisdictions Powers Authorities and Government as fully and amply to all intents and purposes as the same was granted to him his Heirs and Assigns by the late King his Brother who was also pleas'd to approve thereof by Publication under the Royal Signet and Sign Manual Thereby and therein commanding the present and future Inhabitants within the Limits of the said Province to yield all due Regard and Obedience unto him the said Edward Byllynge as their Governor and to his Heirs Deputies Agents c. This Province from the Mouth of Delaware Bay along by the Sea side to the Line of the Partition appears in the Map to be about sixty Miles in breadth And from the Mouth of the said Bay to the Head or most Northerly Branch of the River of Delaware likewise appears to be about two hundred and fifty Miles in length This Province is divided into one hundred Shares or Proprieties as may be seen by the Registred Deeds of every person or persons who have already purchased a whole or part of a Propriety joyntly with others which Register is kept by Herbert Springet in George yard in Lumbard-street London unto whom any persons who are minded to buy one or more Proprieties may repair The said Edward Byllynge having above twenty of those hundred yet to sell As to the Government out of each Propriety a Free-holder is to be Annually chosen by the Inhabitants thereof and to Meet and Sit as a General Assembly upon a day certain every year which with the Governor or his lawful Deputies are the Legislative Power of the Province to make and alter Laws in all times coming But not contrary or in any wise repugnant to Liberty of Conscience in Matters of Faith towards God or the Religious Exercise thereof Liberty and Property both as Men and Christians being establish'd in West New Jarsey by an irrevocable Fundamental Law never to be extinguish'd or invaded by any subsequent Law hereafter to be made whatsoever As also not any the least Tax Talledge Subsidie Rates or Services to be imposed upon the People but by the consent of these their Representatives in the General Assemblies The Towns and Plantations already settled in this Province for the most part are upon that Noble and Navigable River of Delaware or upon some Creek or Harbor contiguous thereunto or upon the South Sea. And upon both are the like conveniencies for thousands of more Families It s chief Towns and Rivers are noted in the Map And it certainly enjoys all the advantages that the other parts do The Description of East New Jarsey THE Province of East New Jarsey lies next to New York Southwestward having on the South the Main Ocean on the East that well-known Bay for Shipping within Sandy Hooke to the North part of the Province of New York and New Albany and is bounded by that vast Navigable Stream called Hudsons River to the forty one Degree of Northern Latitude and from thence crossing over in a streight Line extending to the most Northern Branch or Part of Delaware River then to the West West Jarsey from which divided by a partition Line it takes its beginning from a place upon the South-Coast called Little Egg-Harbor and so runs in a streight Line to the aforesaid Northernmost Branch of Delaware River This Province is very pleasant and healthful a great part of the back Land lying high As to the Trees Fruits and most other products it s not inferiour to any of the neighbouring Colonies And for the fertility of Soil fresh Water-Rivers Brooks and pleasant Springs it is highly esteemed The Country along Rariton-River is a place so delightful and fruitful that Ogilby in his Volumn of America folio 181 182 many years ago has given the World an extraordinary account thereof The Situation of this Province has a very great and apparent advantage for it lies even in the Center of all the English Plantations on that Continent near to an equal distance from the South-parts of Carolina and the North of Pemaquid the aforesaid Bay of Sandy-Hooke being very notable both for the conveniency and security of any number of Ships And the Sea-Coasts of this Province are very commodious both for Trade and Fishing especially the Whale Fishing Within the said Bay upon the North side of the Mouth of Rariton River there is an excellent Tract of Ground called Amboy Point where a Town or City is building called Perth In which Town several good Houses are already built and inhabited and more daily are building by the Proprietors and others that are come to settle there Nothing can be better and more advantagiously situated than this place for a Town of Trade which lies about sixteen Miles within the aforesaid Bay into which there may go in Ships of the greatest Burden and come out again at all Seasons as well in Winter time as in Summer and lie safe in Harbor without any inconvenience of Winds or Tydes and close to the Wharf before the Houses in this Town of Perth can lie Ships of three or four hundred Tun with their fasts on Shore at low Water There is besides the forementioned New Town seven Towns more built in this Province viz. Elizabeth Town Newark Woodbridge Piscataway Bergen Middletoune and Shrewsbury in which and in the out Plantations many thousand People are setled who possess their Lands c. some by purchase most upon very easie Rents payable to the present Proprietors there being all sorts of excellent â—ands undisposed of enough to plant many more thousands of Families who shall desire
great Commerce and there it is that all the Pilgrims land that come from the Indies to Mecca It hath also much increased in Riches and Repute in regard that the Vessels that come from Sues to Aden rather chuse to unlade there to avoid the dangerous passages of Babel-Mandel Diodori Insula Arrian teste Rhamusio OF PERSIA A New Map of PERSIA by Robt. Morden THE Kingdom or Empire of Persia is at present one of the greatest and most famous of all Asia yet is but a part of the ancient Empire of the Persians for the Assyrian Monarchy contained all that which both Turk and Persian at this day possess in that part of the World And beginning under Ninus lasted 13 or 1400 years ending in that Notorious and Effeminate Epicure Sardanapalus After which it was divided into that of the Medes and Babylonians who continued it less than 300 Years Then the Persians made themselves Masters of it during 200 and odd Years under Cyrus Son of Cambyses Son of Cyrus Son of Darius Son of Achamenes Son of Perses who saith Isidore gave Persia its Name In Nimrod's days called Chusa or Cuth in Chedorlaomers and to Daniel's time Elam afterwards Persia from Persius Son of Perseus a Grecian Hero Son to Jupiter by Danae the Daughter of Acrisius Afterwards called Arsaca from Arsaces the Heroick Parthian After by the Inhabitants Artea By the Tartars Corsaca By the Arabians Saracdnea By the Turks Azamia and Axmia Farsi Farsistan Incolis The Macedonians and Greeks succeeded for having ruined the Empire of the Persians they gave a beginning to that of the Macedonians But Alexander the Great held this Empire but few Years and dying it was Cantonized out among his Captains who taking the Title of Kings waged War against each other till the Romans seized the Western and the Parthians the Oriental part of that Monarchy These Parthians freed themselves from the Rule of the Macedonians 250 Years before the Birth of Christ and Reigned near 500 Years Artaxerxes restored the Persian Government 228 Years after Christ's Nativity About the Year 605 the Caliph of Bagdat Omar or Hoshmar the Third after Mahomet became Master of it So that Persia after a long uninterrupted Succession of 28 Kings from Artaxerxes sets in an eclipsed Cloud and becomes fettered under the Iron Yoke of a Saracenick Bondage once garnished with 22 Kingdoms formidable to the Roman Emperors and Mistress of the greatest part of Asia In the Year 1257 or 8 the Tartars exterminated the whole Race of the Caliph of Bagdat And in the Year 1472. the Turcomans of Armenia got the Kingdom But about the Year 1505 Ishmael Sophi once more re-established the Persians in the possession of the Oriental part of that ancient Empire which now extends from the Tygris and Euphrates on the West almost to the River Indus on the East And from the Persian Gulph and the River Oxus on the North to the Persian and Indian Seas on the South But that you may the better understand the full Extent of the Dominions of this large Kingdom I shall give you the true Number of the Provinces of the whole Continent of Persia according to the old and new Descriptions of several Geographers And first the old Names by Cluver were Gedrosia Carmania Drangana Aracosia Paropamisis Bactriana Margiana Hyrcania Aria Parthia Persis Susiana Assyria Media The new Names Sarc Cusistan Elaran Farsi Arac Elsabar Diargument Corason Sablestan Candahor Sigestan Chesimur Kirman Goadel 2. By Baudran old Names Media Hyrcania Margiana Assyriae pars Susiana Parthia Aria Paropanisus Chaldea Persia Caramania Drangiana Arachosia and Gedrosia The new Names are Servan Gilan Dilemon Ayrack Agemi Taberestan Gorgian Rhoemus Churdistan Corasan Yerack Cusistran Farsi Kherman Sisistan Macheran Candahor and Sablestan 1. Therefore this Monarch possesseth a great part of the great Armenia which we call Turcomania especially that part which is seated between the two Rivers Kur and Aras the Cyrus and Araxes of old This Country is one of the most beautiful and richest pieces of Land in all Persia by the Natives called Iran or Karahag 2. Shirvan or Schirwan all along the Caspian Sea part of Media Atropatia 3. The Province Edzerbaijan or Azerbeyan And these two Provinces make up the ancient Media Sarch Clu. 4 Is Kylan or Guilan Persis which is the old Hircania Strava M. Angiol Diargument Merc. Hyrach Eryth and comprehends several other Provinces as Mesandran Lahetzan Rescht and Kesker 5. Is Estarabad Tabristan or Tocharistan formerly Margiana Jeselbash Cast. Tremigan Pineto which extends to the River Oxus 6. Zagathay or Sacathay Nig. is the Province of the Ousbec Tartars or Mauranahar comprehending all the ancient Sogdiana and part of Bractiana c. 7. Corassan Sernere Merc. is some part of Bactriana now Batter Ramus Charossan Castald which also comprehends the Province of Heri or Eri remarkable for the greatest Trade of any in Persia The Aria of old 8. Sablestan formerly Paropamifus Calchistan Cast Navagrat M. P. Ven. 9. The Territories and Cities of Candahor and Cabul comprehend the ancient Aracosia now belonging to the Mogul 10. Is Sigistan Marc. formerly Drangiana aliis Ilment 11. Is Kirman or Chermain and comprehends all the Territories of the ancient Carmania bordering upon the Indian Sea containing the Province of 12. Makeran wherein is Circan Patan and the Desert of Dulcinda 13. Chusestan Mind Chus Merc. which was heretofore called Susiana 14. Is Hierack or Erack Agemi the ancient Parthia Nig. Charessen and lies in the midst of all Persia Arach Merc. Minad Tex Alph. Hadr. 15. Is Fars which Laet calls Farc Farsistan Merc. and is the ancient Persia whereof Persepolis was the chief City 16. Is Diarbeck Merc. Azamia Bel. formerly Mesopotamia between Euphrates and Tygris 17. Is Curdistan or Arzerum formerly Assyria extending all along the East-side of the River Tygris from the Lake Van to the Frontiers of Bagdat 18. Is Yerack or Hierack-Arabi otherwise the Country of Babylon or Chaldea These three last Countries being most now under the Turkish power we have already discoursed thereof The Government of Persia is Despotick or absolutely Arbitrary the King having the sole power of Life and Death over all his Subjects without any Tryals or Law-proceedings Nor is there any Sovereign in the World more Absolute than He yet in the exercise thereof it is said to be gentle and easie supportable both to Persians and Strangers And for the Laws of Hospitality they are so strictly observed that the King will have all Strangers to be his Guests The general Title given to the Kings of Persia is that of Sha though the Vulgar call him by the Name of the Sophi which is a proper Name The Persians had ever a very great Veneration for their Sovereign And at this day they believe it to be a greater Asseveration to swear by the Name of their King than by the Name of their God perhaps out of the same Belief with those of Achem