violence or by gentlenesse There was â—â—éeing and renning away from euery place with muche feare and remouing without reason and lamente not yet knowing what the truth was supposing that Caesar was come to inuade with all his might and power Which when the Consuls heard not suffering Pompey to take the stayed way of warre according to his skilfulnesse in the same forced him to goâ— about Italie and make men as the Citie should by and by haue bin taken The other Senatoures hearing of Caesars suddaine approche beyonde all opinion were afraide bycause they were not yet prepared and with griefe repented they had not accepted Caesars offers which then they thoughte reasonable Many Monsters and tokens from heauen did afray them God sente downe rayne of bloud Images did sweate lightnings fell vpon manye Temples a Bule broughte forthe many other fearefull tokens did foreshew the ouerthrow and mutation of the common state Supplications were commaunded as in common calamities The people remembring the times of Siâ—la and Marius crâ—ed cut that Caesar and Pompey should giue ouer their powers as the only way to ceasse warre Ciceâ—â— sent to Caesar for reconciliation but the Consuls were againste euery thing and Fauonius iested at Pompey for a word he once spake that at his call he woulde strike the earthe with his foote and fetche forthe an army You shall haue it quoth he if you wyll followe â—â—â— and thinke it no griefe to leaue Rome and after Rome Italie to if néede be for places and houses be not strength and libertie but men wheresoeuer they be beare these with them and when you haue reuenged youre selues you shall haue houses ynough This spake Pompey as it were threatning them that would tarry and sticke to leaue their lands for the leue of their Countrey And streyght hée wente out of the Senate house and Citie too and tooke hys iourney to Capua to the armye there and the Consuls followed him Other tarried wyth greate doubte and kepte that nyghte togyther in the Senate house but when daye was come the most parte went out and followed Pompey Caesar followed Domitius at Corfinio who was sent to be his suâ—â—essoure hauyng not aboue foure thousande and beséeged him And they of the Citie perceyuing that Domitius woulde flée away kepte the gates and tooke hym and broughte him to Caesas He curteously receyued the army yéeldyng vnto hym that other myghte bée encouraged to the same and suffered Domitius vntouched wyth all hys money and substance to goe where he would thynkyng for that gentlenesse he woulde haue tarryed wyth hym and was not againste hym to goe to Pompey These thyngs béeyng thus done of the suddayne Pompey wente from Capua to Brunduse to passe the Ionian Seas to Epirus to make hys prouision for warre there he wrote to all nations Lieutenants Princes Kyngs and Cities euerye one with all the spéede they coulde to contribute to thys warre These were dispatched with spéede Pompeys owne army was in Spaine béeyng ready for the march when occasion shoulde call them Of the Legions that Pompey had himselfe he deliuered to the Consuls to leade from Brunduse to Epirus and they streyght sayled safe to Dirrachium whiche Towne some men of this ignorance thynketh to be Epidâ—â—nus A Barbarian Kyng called Epidamnus buylded a Citie at this Sea and of hiâ—selfe called it Epidamnus hys nephewe by hys daughter supposed to bée Neptâ—â—es sonne buylded a porte to that Citie and called â—â— Dirrâ—â— chium The bréethren of Dirrachâ—s made warre vpon hâ—m and Hercules commyng from the I le Erithea ioyned with him for parte of the lande wherevppon the Durachians as coperâ—â—oneâ— of theyr Countrey accompte hym the founder of it not denying Dirrachos but more desirous of Hercules bycause he was a God. They saye further that in thys fyghte Ionius sonne to Dirrachos was slayne of Hercules by chance and that Hercules buryed hys body and threwe it into the Sea that it myghte beare the name of him In processe of time certaine Phrigians gote the Citie and Countrey and after them a people of Illiria called Taâ—lantines after whome another people of Illiria called Liburnians wyth their swift Shyppes dyd spoyle theyr néerest neighboures and of thys it is thought the Romaines did call theyr swift Ships Liburnius wherewyth they gyue their fyrste onset in fighte by Sea. They that were driuen from Dirrachio by the Liburnians gote helpe of the Coâ—cireanes valiante men by sea and expulsed the Liburnians and so the Corcirianes makyng a mixt inhabitance it is taken to be a Greeke porte and they changyng the name as vnlucky called it Epidâ—mus by the name of the old Citie Thucidides doth name it so yet this name hath preuayled and it is called Dirrachium The Consuls and their company came to thys Citie Pompey abode at Brunduse and gathered togither the rest of the army He tarried for the Shippes that carried the Consuls He made the Towne strong to kéepe Caesar from the walles and in the euening tyde sayled with hys company leauyng the boâ—â—est Souldyers to defende the Towne the whyche also in the nyghte sayled ouer wyth gâ—â—â— winde Thus Pompey with all his armye lefte Italy and sayled into â—piro Casar stoode in doubt whyche way to turne him where to begyn the warre seeyng well that all the force on euery syde flowed to Pompey He feared the army that Pompey had in Spaine very great and expert least whiles he followed his fléeing enimie they should beset him on the backehalfe therefore he thoughte it best to trye the fielde first with these in Iberia He deuided his power in fyue partes some he lefte at Brunduse some at Hidrunto and some at Tarento as garrisons for Italy Other he sente with Quintus Valerius to get Sardinia an I le plentiful of Corne and he gote it Asinius Pollio he sente into Cicelie where Cato was Lieutenant who asked hym whether he had authoritie from the Senate or the people to enter violently into another mans prouince he aunswered that he that was Lord of Italy had sente him Cato aunswered agayne that bycause he would spare the inhabitance he woulde deferre the reuenge till another time and so sayled into Corcyra to Pompey Caesar came to Rome and comforted the people with hope and promises being stricken with the feare and memorie of Sylla and Marius euill times He said further that he woulde vse curtesie to his enimies As when he had taken Lucius Domitius he let him go with all his money vnhurt He brake the lockes of the common treasure and threatned death to Metellus the Tribune that would haue resisted him and tooke away the money that no man durâ—â— touch being layd vp there against the inuasions of France with publike execratioÌ„ to them that did stirre or remoue it vnlesse for the warre of Celtica Caesar sayd I haue ouercome those Frenche Celâ—es and haue deliuered the
Flaccus answered he would bring many soldiors coats folowing their messeÌ„gers caÌ„ped at y city They not doyng any thing according to their great crakes fledde and dayly spoyled the Countreis They vse a certaine garment double of thicke wâ—â—ll with a buckle fastned like a cloke and that they count a Souldiours coate Tiberius Sempronius Gracchus succeeded Flaccus The Celtiberians besieged Carabâ—â— a Cittie friend to the Romaynes wyth twentye thousande souldioures and thought to gette it quickly Wherefore Gracchus comming to helpe them and not hauing any mean to signifie it to the besieged a certaine capitaine of a bande named Cominius tolde Gracchus what he had deuised with himselfe he put on a Spaniardes coate and wente among the slaues of the campe and as a Spaniard came with them to the Campe and from thence into the Citie and tolde them that Gracchus was at hande with helpe Wherefore they abode the siege valiauntly and within thrée dayes Gracchus came and so the Câ—lâ—â—berians left the siege One daye twenty thousande came from Complega bringing braunches of Oliue lyke petitioners asking pardon whiche comming nighe the Romanes Generall gaue a violent onsette on the Romanes and put them in great daunger Gracchus went from the Campe of purpose and made as thoughe he fledde and whiles they were aboute the spoile he returned and sette vpon them and killed many of them and got Complega He appointed their laâ—â—e and the neighbors to them that had néede and made league with the inhabitants of that countrey with certaine conditions whereby they were receiued into the Romaines amitie to the whiche he bounde them by â—thâ— These conditions were much desired in the wars that followed and for these things the name of Gracchus was greate bothe in Spaine and Rome where he triumphed gloriously A fewe yeares after great warre was renewed in Spayne â–ª There was a Cittie in the borders of the Celtiberians that is called 〈…〉 named Segedâ— great and mighty comprehended in the 〈…〉 of Gracchus This Citie enticing other little Townes 〈…〉 d their walls the compasse whereof was forty â—ur â–ª 〈…〉 〈…〉 example induced the Tiâ—â—â—â—ans an other 〈…〉 of the Celtiberians to do the lyke Whyche thing the Senate vnderstanding forbadde them the building of their wal and required the tribute appointed by Gracchus and commanded them to goe to warre with the Romanes to the whiche they were also bounde by the league of Gracchus They aunswered that touching their walles they were bound by Gracchus not to builde any newe Citties but not that they should not defend their olde As touching tributes and seruice in war they were released by the Romanes and so they were indéede with this condition so long as it shoulde séeme good to the Senate and people of Rome wherefore Q. Fuluius Nobâ—â—â—or was sent against them with an army of thirty thousande The Segetanes hearing that he was comming their walls not being yet finished desired the Araschians to receiue them and so they fled to them They made their chiefe Captaine Carus whom the Segetanes thoughte to be a man expert in war. He thrée daies after he was created Generall laide an ambushe of twentye thousande footemen and fyue thousande horse in a shadowy and woddy place and from theÌ„ce gaue a charge vpon the Romanes The fight was doubtfull a greate while at length Carus hadde a noble victorie for he â—â—ewe sixe thousande Romaines whiche was a great losse to the Citie â–ª But when they vsed the victory rashlye and too proudlye the Romaines horsemen that garded the carriage set vppon them and â—â—ew Carus fighting valiantly for himselfe and sixe thousand with hym tyll the fyghte was ended by the darkenesse of the night This was done the same daye that the Romaynes kepte the feaste of Vulcane After that daye none of them woulde come to fight but by compulsion The Araschians assembled that night at Numantiâ— â–ª which is a very strong citie They chose Arathon and Leucon Captaines of the warre Fuluius came thither the thirde daye and camped foure and twenty furlongs from the citie to whom Massinissa had sent thrée hundred horsmen and thirtye Elephants which being come he went straight to the fight He placed the Elephants at the backe of the army and when the fight was begonne opened a way for the Elephants â–ª whom when the Celtiberians sawe they and their horse were afraid and fled to the walles The Romayne had the Elephants shoulde be brought to the wal There was a fierce fight till one of the Elephants being hurte in the heade with a stone from the wall beganne to rage and be vnruly and with furie turne vpon his fellows thrusting and treading downe euery one he met no difference betwéene friend and foe and the rest of the Elephants being made afrayde did the lyke and trode and thruste downe the Romaine souldiours The whiche thing the Elephants when they are in feare are wâ—nte to doe taking euerye man for their ennimye wherefore for this falshoode they are called common enimies Therfore the Romanes without order fled away which when the Numantines saw from the walles they came forth and chased them and flewe foure thousande of them and tooke thrée Elephants and muche armour and many ensignes Of the Celtiberians two thousand were killed When Fuluius hadde gotten from that slaughter he besieged Axenium which was as a coÌ„mon market for the enimyes for there was all thinges to sell â–ª Where when he did no good but lose his men he retired by night to his campe Wherefore hée sente Blesus the Capitayne of the horsmen to a nation that was nigh and his friend for he wanted horsemen with a bande of horse In the way they fell into an ambushe of Celtiberians â–ª whiche beyng knowne the friendes fledde and Blesus fought and was killed and many Romanes with him For the whiche losses and ouerthrowes Ocile a Cittie in the whiche the Romanes had their treasure and munition yéelded to the Celtiberians Then Fuluius distrusting himselfe and afraid of al things kepte within his campe that winter defending it as well as hée coulde and getting victuall â–ª yet was greatly troubled for lacke and for bitternesse of colde wherfore many Souldyours partly goyng for wood partly for the sharpnesse and great colde did perishe The yeare following Claudius Marcellus came in Fuluius place bringing eighte thousande footemen and .v. C. horsemen againste whome when the enimies likewise haâ— saide traines he by another crafte auoyded them and went streight to Ocile there camped with all his power and fortune fauouring hym tooke the Cittie at the firste assaulte whome he pardoned receiuing some pledges and thyrtie talentes of golde When thys modestie was hearde the Nergobriges sente messengers to Marcellus to know what they might do to haue peace He commaunded them to sende him an hundred horsemen They promised so to doe yet they folowed the
from the wals lamented with them not knowing any thing as in a manifest and gret aduersitie At the entry of the gates they had almost thrust one another to death almoste torne the ambassadours in pieces but that this saued them that they must first speake with the Semors Some leâ—t them and some went on with them desirâ—us to know with the sooneâ—â— When they were entred the Senate house the Seniors commaunded the other to auâ—yde and they onely remayned the people stoode without The Ambassadourâ— showed the commaundement of the Consuls The Senate cryed â—ut the people without did the like The ambâ—ssadours shewing further what they had allâ—â—ged to the contrary and what prayers they had made to sende ambassadâ—urs to Rome the Senate was in a déepe silence again a bydiâ—g to heare the â—â—de and the people was in silence also but when they heard they might not seÌ„d to Rome they were turned into an exceeding shryking The people ranne into them Then fell they to a surye like madde men without reason as the ministers of Bacchus be wont which they saye shewe their madnes in diuerse maners Some were angry with the Senatours which wer the cauâ—â— why the pledgies were sent and spoyled and tore them as authours of the deceyt some for letting the armor go some missused the ambasadours as tellers of euil newes and dragged them aboute the Citie Some tormented the Italians that were yet there the case being sodayne and not proclaymed sundry wayes saying they were reuenged of their pledgies and armour The Cittie was full of anger feare and threates In the way they called vpon their best beloued things they fledde into the temples as to Sanctuaries they reuiled their goddes that coulde not helpe them Other went to the armaries and cryed when they found them empty Some went into the Arsenals and lamented their shippes as giuen to men without fayth and called some of the Elephants by name as they had bene presente some rebuked their auncestours and theÌ„selues that should neither haue giuen shippes rentes nor armour but had dyed wyth their armed Countrey And the mothers of the pledgies did moste moue them to rage which like vnto tragical Furiâ—s ranne to euery man with shryking and obiected the deliuerie of their children and their speaking against it and tolde them God did punishe them for their children A â—ew that were sober shut the gates and filled the walles full of stones in steade of other weapons The Senate decréed warre that day and gaue libertie to bond men They chose generals Asdrubal for the outward affaires that was condemned to death hauing then togither twentye thousand men and one wente to him in haste to desire him not to forsake his afflicted countrey in extréeme pâ—rils nor to thinke nowe on the iniurie that was done him for feare of the Romaines Within the walles another Asdruball was chosen a nephewe of Massinissa by his daughter They sente to the Consuls for thirtie dayes respight to sende to Rome Being denyed this also they fell into a maruellous change of courage whyther they shoulde suffer it or leaue their Cittie and forthwith were filled with boldenesse with a new change The common houses the publique Temples and all the holy places and euerie other worke of anye strength they wrought vppon daye and night men and women not ceassing and gathered victualles by partes as the time did serue euerye daye they made a hundred shieldes thrée hundered swordes and a thousand arrowes to shoote fiue hundred speares and pykes and as many bowes and slinges as they could The women shaued their haire to make strings for them bycause they wanted other matter and continued in thys prouision The Consuls peraduenture stayed to beginne so monstrous a matter with leysure thinking to take the citie vnarmed when they would and supposed that they wold giue ouer for want as in hard cases men be wont at the first to be earneste but wyth time reason being perswaded giue place to feare by the whiche one of the Carthagies supposing feare had possessed them durste come into the common place as though he would haue spoken of some other matter sayd that they being vnarmed ought to take the meaner euill euen so playnelye speaking his sentence Now was Massinissa angry greuously offended with the Romanes y he bringing the Carthagies force vpoÌ„ their knées now he saw other run for the title and came to the thing not makyng him priuy as they were wont to do in other wars The Consuls likewise hadde him in some suspition and sent to him for ayde he answered he would send them ayde when he shoulde vnderstande they had néede and sending not long after asked if they had anye néede They not suffering his pride and distrusting him as one offended aunswered they woulde sende to hym when they néeded For victuall for the armye they hadde only from Adrumeto Leptis Saxo Vtica and Colle All the the rest of Libya was Asdrubals from the whiche he sente victuals to Carthage Being victualled for a fewe dayes the Consulles marched to the Cittie of Carthage prepared to fight The Citie standeth in a gret déepe gulfe almost as an Iland a place called a neck did diuide it froÌ„ the laÌ„d 25. furlongs brode from the which a narrow piece of ground called a towne halfe a furlong broade goeth to the weast in the â—â—â—dest of the poole and the sea with a simple wall among the rockes towarde the south lande warde where the olde Citie Byrsa was In the neck was a triple wall Euerye one of these was thirtie Cubites high beside the batlements and towers distaunt two acres asunder stayde by foure planchers thirtie foote deepe at the plaÌ„cher was the higth of euery wall and in it being rounde and strong thrée hundred Elephants were placed belowe and the treasure of their store Vpon theÌ„ was stables for four thousand horses with granaries for wheate and barley There was receytes for men twentie thousand a foote and foure thousande on Horse so greate prouision of warre was appointed to be placed in the walles only One hooke about the narow part did bow from the wall to the portes which was only weake and lowe not regarded at the beginning They sayled out of one porte to another and from the sea there was one entrye lxx foote broade which they did shut with chaynes of yron The firste was for merchauntes in the which were manye and diuerse places of receyt Within this in the middest was an Ile and both the I le and the poole was compassed with greate holowe corners the which were full of munition for shippes able to receiue two hundered twentie ships and Cellers for preparation of shippes and gallies furniture two pitlers of Ionian fashion stoode before euery porte of shippes like a gallery in the sight of them that passed by the Iland and the port In the I le was the store for
preparation of engines of warre They sente for Souldyers to the Cities that remayned obediente and into Fraunce their next neyghboure They also called home Cneus Pompeius the Proconsull leading an armye at the coast of the Ionian Sea to come with all spéede to serue hys Countrey He so dyd and planted hys host at the Gate called Collina Cinna came also and encamped by him Caius Marius hearing of thys passed the Sea to Hetruria with his fellowes banished and Seruauntes and there came to him aboute fyue hundred of hys friendes of Rome he with vile apparell and long heare to moue pitie wente to the Cities shewing his victories and honoures agaynste the Germanes and hys syxe tymes Consulshippe and that whyche pleased them best promised to doe for them in the lawe of elections and so hée gathered syxe thousande Toscanes and came wyth them to Cinna who gladly receyued hym into the societie of his doyngs Beyng mette togyther they ordered theyr army at the floude Tiber and deuided it into thrée partes Cinna and Carbo ouer agaynste the Citie Sertorius aboue it and Marius towarde the Sea. They made Bridges ouer the Riuer that they myghte kéepe victuals from the Citie Marius tooke Ostia and spoyled it Cinna sente to take Arimeno that no army shoulde come out of nyghe Fraunce The Consuls were afrayde hauyng néede of an other army and bycause they coulde not call home Sylla béeyng entred into Asia they commaunded Cecilius Metellus that was aboute the remnaunt of the fellowes warre againste the Samnites that he shoulde dispatche it as honestly as he coulde and come to helpe hys Countrey that was inuaded He stoode too muche vpon termes wyth the Samnites whyche when Marius hearde he graunted them all theyr demaundes and so the Samnites ioyned with Marius Appius Claudius a Captayne and kéeper of the hyll Ianiculo and the walles there hauing receyued a good turne and myndfull of the benefyte opened the gate by breake of day and so Marius entred and Cinna followed but they were soone repulsed by Octauius and Pompey that came agaynste them It chaunced so that there was greate lyghtnings that fell vpon Pompeys armye whereby he and manye noble menne were destroyed Marius kepte all victuals from the Citie that came from the Sea or aboue from the freshe water and hée rode to the nigh Cities where anye Corne was layde for the Romayne store and by suddayne comming to Antio Aritia and Lanuuio hée tooke them all and some other Cities by Treason And thus kéeping awaye victuals by lande also hée approched towarde Rome boldly by the way called Appia before any victualles coulde bée broughte from anye other place and wyth Cinna Carbo and Sertorius Camped twelue myles from Rome Octauius Crassus and Metellus dyd lye agaynste them at Mount Albano and considering for the tyme to come although they were superioure in strength and number yet hadde they a compassion to putte theyr Countrey in hazarde by one battayle Cinna sente Trumpettes aboute the Citie proclayming libertie to Seruauntes whereby a multitude of fugitiues came vnto hym The Senate was afrayde thereby and doubtyng of the people bycause of the want of thyngs in the Citie chaunged theyr mynde and sente Embassadoures to Cinna for reconciliation Hée asked them firste whether they came to hym as a Consull or as a priuate person They doubted what to answere and returned to Rome Nowe many of the fréemen came vnto him some for faction and some for feare of famine and to sée the sequeale of it and nowe proudely he approched the walles and Camped within an arrowe shotte They that were with Octauius were in feare and doubte and slowe to fighte bycause of the runnawayes and ofte sendyng betwéene the Senate was greately amazed They thoughte it vniust to depose Lucius Merula Iupiters Prieste that was chosen in Cinnas place and hadde not offended but béeyng oppressed wyth the greate myseries they sente to Cinna as Consull and as they looked for no greate good thereby so they requyred Cinna to sweare that hée woulde commytte no murther Hée resused to sweare but promised that willinglye hée woulde bee no cause of manslaughter Hée wylled also that Octauius that came in at the other gates shoulde gette hym away least some displeasure mighte be done hym agaynste hys wyll Thys he aunswered from an hygh Throne as Consull to the Embassadoures of the Citie Marius standyng nexte the Senate was silente but by hys cruell countenaunce it was perceyued that he was bente to murther The Senate accepted thys and willed Cinna and Marius to enter well knowyng that Marius dyd all and Cinna assented to it Marius spake in iestyng wyse that it was not lawfull for a banished manne to enter wherefore the Tribunes dyd reuoke the banishmente and dissolue the decrée made againste hym by Sylla Then they entred the Citie wyth the feare of all that receyued them They made spoyle of the contrarye parte wythoute stoppe Cinna and Marius sente theyr othes to Octauius but the Southsayers and Diuiners badde hym not trust them and hys friendes counselled hym to flée but hée protesting neuer to leaue the Citie whyles hée was Consull wente among them to Ianiculo with the noble men and parte of the armye where hée remayned and sate downe in the seate cladde with his robe of rule being wayted vpon wyth the roddes and axes as Consulles were wont Censorinus came agaynste hym with certayne Horsemenne hys friendes perswadyng hym to flée with hys armye and bringing hym an Horse he woulde not allowe of it nor once ryse but abode the deathe Censorinus cutte off hys heade and broughte it to Cinna and was the fyrste Consulles head that was sette vppe in the common place but after him the heads of the other that were slayne were set vp also and this mischiefe beginning with Octauius continued still in such murthers of them that were counted enimies Searchers ranne straighte aboute for to fynde their foes and there was no regarde of Senator or Gentleman nor no difference made All the heads of the Senators were put vp in the common place There was neyther reuerence of the Gods nor respect of men or anye matter made of murther but all bent to cruell actes and from actes to horible fightes killing crueltie and cuttyng off the heads of them that were kylled to the feare astonishmēt of the beholders making thereof most miserable shewe C. Lucius Iulius Bréethren Atilius Eranius P. Lentulus G. Numitorius and M. Bebius were slayne béeyng mette in the way Crassus fledde wyth his sonne and preuented them in killing him then himselfe was killed of the pursuers Marcus Antonius an orator fledde into a Forme house the kéeper whereof receyued him gentlye and hydde hym and sendyng a Seruaunte for Wyne to a Tauerne oftner than hée was wonte the Tauerner asked hym why hée boughte Wyne so ofte he tolde hym secretely in his eare then the
vnsealed and Perpenna founde to be his heyre euerye man hated hym the more bicause hee was not onely a Traytour to hys Capitayne but to hys friende and benefactour and then hadde they not helde theyr handes but that Perpenna hydde hymselfe and pleased some with gifts and some with promise some he made afrayde with feare and some he sharpely vsed with the terror of other To the common sorte he humbled himselfe and suche as were in pryson by Sertorius he deliuered and to the Lusitanes restored their pledges wherfore they were content to take him as their Captain This honor had he after Sertorius yet not without great difficultie for being cruell he soone fel to sharpe punishing and of the Romaines that came with hym he killed thrée of the noblest sorte and hys own Nephew Now was Metellus gone to the other side of Iberia thinkyng Pompey to be sufficient to ouerthrowe Perpenna who a while spent the tyme in makyng skirmishes not bringing for the their whole power The tenth day with all their battailes they came into y field thinking with that one worke to make an end Pompey passed little of Perpennas experience Perpenna distrustfull of his armies coÌ„tinuance in obedience was y rather willing to try all at once Pompey giuing the onset the more â—â—ercely Perpenna not abiding as a Captain and the army voide of goodwil was soone ouercome euery man flying Perpenna hid him vnder a tuffte of bushes fearing more his own than his enimies béeing taken of certaine horsemen they dragged him to Pompey of his owne people hee was euil spoken of for his offence againste Sertorius he made great ado to be brought aliue to Pompey to reueale vnto him gret matter of y Romaine factioÌ„ eyther to tel the truth or to saue himselfe but Pompey sent to haue hym kylled before he came in his sight fearing leaste hee might haue vttered some strange matter y might haue bin y beginning of a new stir in Rome wherin Pompey séemed to do very well wisely wan a great opinion therby This was the end of the war in Iberia and of Sertorius life which if he had not bin dead would not haue bin finished neyther so soone nor so easyly The warre of Spartaco In this time in Italy a Sword-player that kepte in Capua for shews called Spartacus a Thracian borne had serued in war wyth the Romaines now was as a slaue in custodie for to shew his cuÌ„ning in plaies he persuaded .lxx. more of his fellows to adueÌ„ture for their libertie rather thaÌ„ to be slaues for shews with theÌ„ forcing y kéepers he ran away arming such as hemet with staues swordes he fled to the Mount Vesuuius whither many slaues some fréemen flying to him froÌ„ the Countries he receiued theÌ„ robbed the plaines adioyning he appointed two officers Aenomaus and Crissus other two Sword-players making equall diuision of his pray among them in short tyme great multitudes came vnto hym Whom to ouercome Varinius Glabrius was first sent after hym Publius Valerius not with an army of any regard but such as for hast they could gather by y way For y Romaines did not think it shold néed any other nor looked for such effect at a Sword-players hand But when it came to the battell the Romaines were ouercome Spartacus killed Varinius horse it lacked but little that y Romaine Captain was not takeÌ„ of a vile Sword player after this fight more more resorted to Spartacus and he had now an army of .lxx. M. for whom he made armor al other prouision The Romaines sent the Consuls with twoo legions against whome Crissus came wyth .xxx. M. and was ouercome at Mount Garinus loosing two partes of his army and his life also Spartacus passed ouer mount Apennine to go into France beyond the Alpes but one of the Consuls laye in the waye and stopped his passage and the other followed him he fought with them both and ouercame them in seuerall fightes so as the CoÌ„suls retyred with tumuit Spartacus did sacrifice thrée hundered Romaines to his felowe Cressus and with twentie thousand Remaine footemen he wente to Rome burning all vnprofitable birdes and killed all Captiues and the beastes of cariage to march the faster Many fugitiues comming vnto him he would admitte none The Consuls encouÌ„tred him at Picene where was a notable fight and many of the Romaines slayne and loste the day Yet durst he not go directly to Rome bycause he did not thinke hymselfe equai with the Citizens in feates of warre nor had an army throughly instructed for neuer a Citie toke his part but only slaues and fugitiues and a confused multitude folowing him he turned to the mountaines at Thurus besieged the towne hée forhad any merchaÌ„t to bring gold or siluer into his campe or to be vsed but brasse yron he admitted paying wel for it did not hurt theÌ„ that brought it Wherby hauing matter abeuÌ„dant hée made verye fayre armour and vsed to séeke pray in the countrey and fought with the Romaines againe and had the victorie went away with a great spoyle Now were thrée yeares past and this warre remayned horrible to the Romaines which at the first they contemned as a play of Fence The election of y new Consuls being come such a terror was of him as no maÌ„ desired the office â–ª till Licinius Crassus notable in Rome for his house and riches toke it vpon him and with sixe other legions wente against Spartacus and being come nigh he receyued the armies of the two CoÌ„suls of the which he put to death euery tenth maÌ„ as bapt by lot bycause they had bin so oft ouercome Some thinke otherwise that they al fought and were ouercome and theÌ„ he so punished them by the tenth kylled foure thousande hauing no doubt of the multitude But whither so euer he dyd it auayled much to the ouerthrow of his enemies for by and by he set vpoÌ„ them ten thousand of Spartacus men that camped by theÌ„ wherof he killed two partes and then with like courage so fiercely encouÌ„tryng with Spartacus he ouercame him with a notable fight and chased him to the sea wher he thought to escape by ship into Sicilie but he ouertoke him and enclosed him in a trench and when he had forced him to â—lée to the Samnites Crasses killed sixe thousand of them at the sunne rise and as manye at the sunne set thrée only of the Romaines beyng killed and seauen hurt so great an alteration was there of victorie after the executioÌ„ of that punishmente Spartacus loking for horsemen to come vnto him did not nowe come forth with all his men but by tymes did much annoy the besiegers sodaynely issuing vppon them throwing firebrandes into their campe burned their wall and put them to much
sent to Rome where thrée dayes togither holy dayes were made bycause it séemed that the Citie was restored to the auntiente dignitie after so manye euils All Spayne and the Carthagineans were astonished with the great acte that was done so valiantly and so spéedely Scipio leauing a strong garrison in the Citie commaunded that parte of the wall that was next the fenne to be made higher and he went to subdue the rest of Hiberia which he did by going himselfe to some of them and sending his frieÌ„ds to other and taking them by force that resisted Of the Carthagies the Captaynes being both Asdrubals the one sonne of Aâ—ilcare and hauyng an army of strangers in the furthest part of Spayne the other the sonne of Gisgo exhorted the Cities that remained in the Carthagies obedience to continue in the same for a greate armye should come shortly to help them He sent another Mago into the next places to gather men and he entred the Countrey of Lersanes which reuâ—lled from the Carthagies to beséege a Citie But Scipio comming vpon him he wente into Granata and set his Camp at the Citie where the next day he was easily ouercome for Scipio put him from his Campe and got all Grannata Mago was occupyed in gathering of Souldyoures which were yet in Spayne at Cerbona that with all his power hée myght encounter with the Romanes Many Spanyardes ioyned with Mago and many Numidians being commaunded of Massinissa Asdruball kepte in his Campe with the footemen of these nations Mago and Massinissa with the horsemen had their camp before the army They being thus Scipio diuided his horsemen and sent one part with Lelio against Mago and he went agaynst Massinissa The fight was long sharp and dangerous the Numidians setting on and going backe and comming againe to the fighte with their shotte But when Scipio gaue a token to hys Souldyoures that the Romanes shoulde follow them and fyghte with them with their speares the Numidians being destitute of shotte were putte to flight and retired to their tentes Scipio encamped tenne furlongs from them in a strong place as he desired The whole strength of the Carthagies was .lxx. thousande footemen fiue thousande horse and thirtie Elephants Scipio had not the third part therefore he was doubtfull a while and durst not ioyne with the whole battell but continued with skirmishing whose victuall béeing almost spent and the army beginning to lacke he thought it vnhonorable to departe and doe nothing therefore making sacrifice and bringing his armye where he mighte well be hearde framing his countenance and looke as though he had bin inspired of God he said his accustomed Angell hadde bin with him and exhorted him to fighte by reason whereof they shoulde rather trust in the power of God than in the number of men chiefly bycause his other attemptes were brought to good effect by the power diuine and not by the multitude of Souldyoures To make credite to his wordes hée caused the southsayers to shew them the sacrifices And whiles he spake thus hée espyed certayne birdes fléeyng vnto whome turning hym selfe he badde the Souldyoures beholde them saying that God dyd sende them that token of victory also and that way the birdes flewe he turned hys bodye as one rapte with a diuine furie and wyth hys eyes fixed cryed Wherfore all the armye turned with him hither and thither and euerye man exhorted other as to a certayne victory When he sawe the thing come to passe as he woulde not suffering the courage of the souldyoure to relent he made no delay but as one taken with all one diuine furie the tokens and ceremonies of theyr good lucke being shewed he sayd it must be obeyed and y battell must be made WheÌ„ the Souldyoures had refreshed theÌ„selues he coÌ„manded to take armor He coÌ„mitted y horsemeÌ„ to Sillano the â—otemeÌ„ to Lâ—lio Martio Asdruball Mago Massinissa WheÌ„ they saw they were taken of the suddaine of Scipio being but tenne â—urlongs betwéene the Camps they blow the â—â—â—â—â— nor without consusion and tumult therefore the battell being â—egâ—â—â—â— the Romane horsemen vsing their old arte were supâ—â—â—ourâ— following hard their enimies and beating theÌ„ with their spearâ—s though they fayned to flee and turne againe for the Romanes being continually at their heeles kepte them from their shooting bycause they were so nigh The footemen being ouerlayd with the Libyans continued all day and although Scipio ranne aboute and exhorted them to the fight â–ª they would neuer giue any fierce onsette til he delyuering his horse to his squire toke a souldioures target and wente alone into the middest betwéene both armies crying helpe Romanes help your Scipio in this perill Therefore they that were nigh seing him in so great perill and they that were further off hearing him all being moued both with shame and danger of their Generall exhorted one another and went against their enimies with great vehemence which when the Affricanes were not able to abide they turned their backes therfore partly wéerie with fight and partly weake with samine the nighte being at hand they were vtterly ouerthrowne This was the ende of the fighte at Cerbona in the whiche the victorye was doubtfull eight hundred Romanes were slaine and tenne thousand fiue huÌ„dred of the enimies From that time the Carthagies made hast to be gone Scipio followed and endamaged them al wayes that was possible but when they were come to a place strong and well watered and full of their necessaries so as the matter required a séege Scipio left Sillanus to hold them in and he wente to winne the rest of Spaine The Carthagies that were beséeged of Sillanus remoued and went to Cales to passe the Sea and when Sillanus had done them as much hurt as he could he returned with his army to Scipio Asdruball Amilchars sonne whiche was gathering of men at the North Ocean was called of his brother Anniball to come into Italy so soone as he could The whiche that he mighte doe vnknowen to Scipio be passed the Pirenian hilles that were nexte the North with the Celtiberians that he had and so the Romanes being ignorant Asdruball came to Italy with great iourneys In the meane season Liuius comming from Rome tolde Scipio that the Senate minded to make hym Captayne of the warre of Carthage which thing Scipio loked for and trusting it woulde be so sent Laelius with fiue Shyppes to King Syphax with many giftes to remember vnto him the friendship that had bin betwéene him and the Scipios and to aske him if he came into Africa whether he would be friend to the Romanes whiche Syphax promised to doe and receyued the giftes and sente Scipio others When the Carthagies vnderstoode that they sente Embassadors to Siphax also to remember him of societie and league which Scipio vnderstanding and minding to preuent the Carthagies bycause it was a matter of greate importance with two Gallies onely and with Laelius wente vnto him
a NumaÌ„tine chiefe of theÌ„ with v. fellowes persuaded by him so many seruants horses in the darke night passing that space that was betwéene the towne the Camp and comming ouer y trenches with a ladder made to scale gote vp and killed the watch and sending their seruaÌ„ts back into the citie they got away â–ª went to the AruacceaÌ„s holding vp their haÌ„ds praying theÌ„ to help y Numantines their kinsfolke The AruacceaÌ„s would not receyue theÌ„ but bad theÌ„ goe their way There was a Citie of power xxx furlongs from Numantia called Lucia The youth of this â–ª Citie much fauoured the Numantines and moued theyr Citie to help the Numantines of the which the auntientes certified Scipio Therefore Scipio at the eyght houre of the night tooke his iourney and by day was at Lucia and beâ—éeged the Citie and required the heads of the youth to be giuen him The townesmen answering that they were fled he threatned spoyle of the Cittie vnlesse they obeyed Whiche the Citizens feating brought foorth foure hundred young men whose handes he cutte off and went away with great spéede and the next day betimes was at his campe The Numantines now oppressed with famine sent fyue men to Scipio with commission to know that if they woulde yeelde to him if he would vse them mercifully and be content with a moderate fine But Auarus the chiefe of them a man of an highe courage did muche set out the valiantnes and entente of the Numantines affirming they did not offende then being in so greate daunger fyghting for their wiues children and libertie of theyr Countrey Wherefore Scipio saide hée it shal be almost rightful thing if thou being a noble man of so great vertue wilt pardon so noble a people and appoint vs that paine that we shal be able to beare We knowe the mutation of fortune and that the safetie of oure Country was not in vs but in thée Then take our Cittie being content with moderate punishement or if thou haste vs in contempt thou maiste hope to sée it perish and be ouerthrowne by defending it selfe When Auarus hadde saide thus Scipio knowing by the Captiues what was done in the Cittie saide he woulde haue them fréely yéelde themselues and their Cittie with their armoure Whiche when it was tolde the Numantines and thoughte so before inflamed with anger for the greate desire of libertie bycause they had neuer bin acquainted to obey and being more taken with rage and furie they killed Auarus and his companye as bringers of euill newes and conspiring with Scipio to saue themselues Not long after all victualls faylyng them hauing neyther fruite nor cattell nor hearbes firste they eat leather mollified in water as other in necessitie haue done When leather failed them they eate deade mens fleshe sodden and roste Then hauing no respecte to the sicke the stronger forced the weaker thinking nowe none acte cruell or violent their mindes being turned into wilde creatures and their bodies into beastes for the meate they did eate Therfore being killed with hunger and consumed with pestilence with hear and beardes horrible they at length yéelded to Scipio whiche commaunded them the same daye to bring their armour into a place appointed and the next day to come themselues into another place assigned But they deferred a daye confessing there were yet many in the city that for the loue of libertie would end their liues with sword and famine and desired a time to kill themselues so greate loue of libertie so gret vertue was there in a barbarous litle citie whiche when they flourished in peace wer eight thousand good men the whiche what thinges they had done againste the Romanes it is euident and how many leagues they made with them with lyke and equall condition which coulde neuer be brought to doe it with any other nation Who their Captaine or Generall was I néede not to rehearse yet Scipio he being in the fielde with .lx. M. men was many times prouoked of the Numantines to fight But Scipio was better and wyser than other generals for he thoughte not good to deale with those wylde men by the force of armes but to conquere them by famine whiche is a thing inâ—uitable by the whiche euill the Numantines coulde bée only taken â–ª as they were These things I had to say of the Numantines when I consider their small number their sufferaunce of labour and noble actes and how long they were inuincible Therefore of the Numantines they that so determined dyuâ—rslye killed themselues The reste the thirde daye came to the place appointed al vgly filthie and horrible to beholde which had bodies foule and full of heare wyth long nayles full of filth and stincke worne garments of euill sauoures by whiche thinges they were miserable to their ennimies and yet feareful to looke vpon therefore they were beholden of the Romaines wyth admiration considering in them the straunge affection of theyr bodies that was felt in the ayre of the dolour and labour whiche they had suffred â–ª and also of their conscience that one had eaten anothers fleshe Scipio choosing oute some of them for the pompe of hys tryumphe commaunded the other to be solde and their Cittie vtterly to be destroyed This Generall of the Romanes these two Cities being taken harde to be wonne Carthage for the greatnesse of the Cittie and the power thereof by the decrée of the Romaines he preserued for the commodity of the lande sea Numantia hée rased a little Citie that helde but a fewe of the whiche the Romanes had not determined eyther bycause he was irefull and harde of nature againste them that he tooke by violence or bicause as some say he thought his glorie to be the greater by the greatest calamities of other Therefore to this day he is called Affricane and Numantine of the destruction he gaue to those Citties Then the places nighe Numantia being assigned and setled and if any were suspected put in feare by payment of money he returned to Rome The Romanes as the maner was sent tenne men of the Senatonres into the places of Spaine that were of their gouernment that those that Scipio or Brutus had taken might be brought into the forme of a prouince After a certain space when newe stirre was made in Spaine Calph. Piso was seÌ„t thyther with aucthoritie to whom Ser. Galba succéeded But a multitude of Cimbrians comming into Italy Sicilie afflicted with y second seruile war they sent no army into Spaine bicause of these wars but would haue lieutenaÌ„ts go to pacifie al as wel as they could When the Cimbrians wer repulsed Tit. Didius weÌ„t thither killed twenty thousand Aruacceans and brought Termentum a great Cittie which scarcely would euer obey the Romanes the strong place in which it was scituated into the plaine willing them to dwel in houses dispersed wythout wals And when he had besieged a city
they say Philoctetus vvas bitten of a Serpent and dyed Antony Antoâ—â—eâ— Camp. Thaso an I le and a Citie ouer-against the floud Nâ—ssus Antonies Camp. The number of bâ—â—â— aâ—uies VV 〈…〉 to 〈…〉 and 〈…〉 campe Antonies polliey paâ—nefulnesse Antony maketh a vvay in the Fenne Bâ— vvhat occaâ—â—on the patteâ—â— begâ—nne Câ—sar absent for a dreame The â—â—rie of Antony â—he fight at 〈…〉 〈…〉 taketh the Campe of 〈…〉 〈…〉 take 〈…〉 The 〈…〉 Casâ—iâ—â— coâ—â—aÌ„ded Pindarus to kyll hym Some thinke Câ—sâ—iâ—â— kylled himselfe vvyrâ— the dagger th 〈…〉 â— â–ª he killed Caesar Cassius iâ— kylled on his byrth day Brutus â—an â—teth the death oâ— Casâ—â—â—◠〈…〉 a 〈…〉 the same dâ—ye that the 〈…〉 vvas at 〈…〉 A light on the 〈…〉 〈…〉 by â—ea to 〈…〉 Câ—sâ—â— Caluinus Oration of â—â—â—tus Antones Oration Casars men take an hill 〈…〉 in the campe of Casar and 〈…〉 〈…〉 the north 〈…〉 of Pâ—lopoâ—â—â—â— Antonie prouoketh 〈…〉 to fight â—â—â—â—esie in a 〈…〉 is hinâ—â—â—â—â—◠〈…〉 beareth of purpose â—â—utâ—s one râ—â—led like Pompey The 〈…〉 Caesar and Antony to their 〈◊〉 Nature and Countrey forgotten Tvvo Eagles A token before the fight The vehemeÌ„â—iâ— of Souldioures 〈…〉 Lucinus acte for to saue Brutus Boldnesse of 〈◊〉 Brutus vvordes meanyng by Antonie vvhom he sayde should once be punished for it Antonies repentance A trenche of dead bodies Brutus men gyueth ouer â—â—ratâ— Brutus â—eyng persuaded to flee sayde yea but vvith hands not vvith sâ—â—tâ— The death of Brutus vvherin it vvâ—s leâ—nâ— that vertue vvas ouercome of Fortune â—â— saying â–ª Overtue vnhappy â–ª â—â— vvordes oâ—ely vviâ—e c. One onely fault of Brutus and Casâ—â—◠〈…〉 vvorthâ— â–ª uâ—â—lâ— of 〈…〉 and Casâ—â—â— The estimation of â—â—utâ—â— and Casâ—â—â— brought calum 〈…〉 The povver of â—â—â—tuâ— and Casâ—â—â— The â—â—â—onâ— in the â—â—â— o 〈…〉 ‑ 〈…〉 The Souldiours 〈…〉 ed vnder Caesar vvere â—â—sty â—o 〈…〉 us The Souldiours more 〈…〉 y to â—â—â—tuâ— and Casâ—â—â— than to Antony Maners of Cassâ—us Maners of Brutus Theyr faulte agaynst Caesar The vvorthynesse of Câ—sâ—â— God punished the death of Caesar â—â— Brutus and Casâ—us Tokeâ—â— to Cassius Tokens to Brutus The vvordes of Patroclus vsed by Brutus The bad Angel of Brutus â— VVork of god Casâ—ius despayreth to â—one Brutus is ouerruled The body of Brutus â–ª 〈…〉 mother o◠〈…〉 〈…〉 ◠〈…〉 gyuen to â—poylâ— â— Casâ—â—us â–ª Câ—â—â— his sonne Labeo A tente for a graue Policie of brethren Poâ—â—â—â— Brutus vviâ—â— Mâ—ssâ—â—â— Corâ—â—â—â—â—o and 〈…〉 reâ—â—ant of thyâ— armye The mightinesse of the armies The fight â—hevved vvhat vvould become of Rome 〈◊〉 in loue â—â—â—th 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Pompey 〈◊〉 depriued 〈◊〉 of Parma 〈◊〉 Ioâ—â—lâ—◠〈◊〉 the y oâ—â—â—â— Thâ—ssâ—â— an Iland in the 〈◊〉 sâ—a M 〈…〉 Aenobarbus Octauian goeth into Italy Antony goeth beyond the sea Lepidus accused Fphesus novv Fâ—lgâ—so a cittye of Ionia vvhere vvas the goodly Temple buylded of AmazoÌ„s Antony pardoneth Pergama a cittie in Asia not far from the floude Caâ—â—â— Troy vvas called by this name Laodicea a citie in Asia vvhose citizen â—eno An toâ—â—â— and Augustus made a king 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 Tributes put vp on the Grecians by â—â—â—ony 〈◊〉 Cassiâ—â— â—â— pâ—â—doned of Antony Priuileges giueÌ„ to the Iyâ—iâ—â—â— Xambâ—anâ— exhorted to restore â—â—â—â—â— cittie â–ª Ilands giuen to the Rhodianâ— called Cladeâ— nigh to 〈◊〉 Iland◠〈◊〉 to the 〈◊〉 Aâ—g 〈…〉 〈◊〉 Aâ—nonâ— vvhere children vvel brought vp proued euill 〈◊〉 is in Asia the lâ—â—â—â— the people â—e called Callâ—◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â— part of Syria that is next Arabia ◠〈◊〉 is â—â—â—â— playne of the countrey Antony partiall 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 Clâ—opâ—â—◠〈◊〉 〈◊〉 excuseth â—â—â—â—â—liâ— â–ª â—â—tâ—â—y in â—oue â—â—tâ—â—y â—â—â—e 〈…〉 by Cleopatra Tyrus sometimeâ— an â—â—ande after â—oyued to the land by Alexander The king of Aegypt deade neuer founde The lightnesse of Antony The state of Syria Scaurus 〈…〉 ius â–ª Crassus Antony prâ—â—â—re Octaâ—ioâ— sicke Diuision of Italy to the souldiors 〈…〉 of Italy Iâ—sâ—tiablenesse of Soldiours O 〈…〉 exclâ—i 〈…〉 â—poâ— Antonies Souldiers placed by his friendes Antonie renounced Oppression of Cities Pompeys Aenobarbus and Mur â–ª cus Lordes of the sea Insolencie of Souldiours Theatre the place vvhere they beholde pastyme Insolencie of Souldiours Nonius kylled of the Soldiours Vprore of Soldiours Sufferance and liberalitie of 〈◊〉 Cause of disorder among the Soldiours Discipline corrupted Peâ—â—â—ie and troubles in Rome Lucius taketh parte vvith the old husbandemen Manius counsel Fuluia Antonies vvise stirreth vvarre Begynnyng oâ— suspition Teano a citie â— Fia Appia An other in Apulia Conditions betvvene Caesar Antonies soldiours Preneste novve Pilestrena a Citie in Latio Fuluia fleeth to Lepidus Great resorte to Lucius Manius ansvver sharpe Souldioures of Ancona labour for peace Gabij a people destroyed by Tarquinius Superbus Meeting at Gabij A fight by chance The daye frustrate The vvarre breaketh Lucius povver Caesars povver Antium vvas a Citie in Latio very good vpon the Sea. Lannuuium novv Indoâ—iâ—â— Treasure houses of holy money Tibure novve Tiuoli Nemore not â—arre from Aritia Pompey increaseth 〈◊〉 to 〈…〉 〈…〉 Sea. Pompey loseth 〈…〉 Honor of Pompey Sextius Fagio Fagio killeth himself 〈◊〉 â— Carinas 〈◊〉 troubled all ouer Octâ—iâ—â— to the Senate A letter of 〈◊〉 shevved No conclusioÌ„ of peace Lepidus Gouernoure of the Citie 〈…〉 to Lucius 〈…〉 〈◊〉 of tvvo legions Furnius besegeâ— at Sentia betvveene Campania and 〈◊〉 Lucius entreth the Citie Lepidus fleeth Lucius to the people of Rome Berbatius People forsaketh Lucius Saluidienus Asinius 〈◊〉 Agrippa 〈…〉 oeth to Perugia Occasion of the hinderaunce of Lucius Lucius in distresse Siege of Perugia Caesar encloteth Lucius Tiberis springeth aboute Areâ—â—o and goeth thorough Tursâ—an to Rome novv Tenure Plancus Plancus Lucius povver dieuerereth them selues Paâ—enna fiâ—deth at the gulfe of â—â—nâ—ce Arimeno on the 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 Se 〈…〉 〈…〉 of the 〈…〉 〈…〉 e in Perus â—â—â— â—â—len â—es be the â—rie daye of the aâ—â—neth 〈◊〉 the firste moneth of the yetre I 〈…〉 a sayleth the campe Tumulte in Rome for corne Vâ—ntâ—â— us Fulginie 〈◊〉 connsel Extremitie of sâ—â—uine Misery of slaâ—â—es 〈…〉 fâ—ll 〈…〉 Assaulte of the Trenche The â—erâ—enelle of the fyght Lucius repulsed 〈…〉 enâ—loned to 〈…〉 Lucius to the be â—ieged Ambassadors to Caesar Caesars ansvvere Priuate talke Lucius goeth to Caesar Caesar meeteth vvith Lucius Lucius to Caesar Caesar pardoneth The maruell of both Generalis Lucius rendereth A booke of the number of soldioures Lucius soldiours receiue vvatche vvord of Caesar Souldiours embracing Caesar pardoneth the yong Souldyoures Souldyers â—â—iâ—t crie for pardon Pardon Remanes appeared and vvere vvell vsed for a time Perugians pardoned Captaynes of Perugia killed Sextius setteth the Citie on fire Perugia set on fire Antiquitle of Perugia It vvas first called Viâ—ia Coloniâ— of Vibius a Captayne of the Acheanes that first came thither but the Criaginens of Armenia did build it and of a Griffou vvhich they bare in their standerd called in their language Perugio they called the Citie Perugia Caesar repayred the Citie
Pompey loseth for lacke of experience Coccineo a point nigh a lake Caesar ordereth his battayle Caesar leaueth the robe of a generall Pompey gaineth Caesar in doubte departeth vvith one page Abala Caesar in desperatioÌ„ is brought to Messala Caesar signifieth that he is vvell Caesar goeth to Stilida Lipari be the Ilandes nexte Sicelie seuen in number Messala Romane vertue The drye place Daunger of Cornificius Naked citizeÌ„s vpon the armed Romanes The Romanes grieuously troubled Zaronius Soldiours perished vvith hasty drinking Agrippa taketh Tyndarida vvhiche vvas a CItie named of Tindarus father of Ledâ— Peloro is one of the foure hils of Sicelie tovvarde Italy Myla is a floud and a Citie both vvith a Port novv called Melazzo Dianio is a Citie also in Spayne They vvere the Oxen of Phaëtusa vvhich she and hir tvvo sisters kept Myconio Caesar in perilâ— againe The hill Aetna novv Mongibello that spouteth fire Germanes afrayd of the noyce of Aetna Palesteno Messana beseeged Pompey desireth to trie all by a fight of equall number of Shippes Graple the inueuâ—ion of Agrippa The stoute and last fight by Sea. The profite of the graple Liken esse of armour maketh confusion Agrippa getâ—â—â—â— the victory Reioyce of victory by Caesars â—â—en Pompeys army yeldeth to Caesar Pompey fainteth and prouideth to flee Pompey fleeth vvith â—â—vij ships Naulechi Messina sacked Lepidus diuideth the spoyle of Messana vvith Plennius and receyuesh his army Lepidus thinketh to be Lord of Sicelie Quarelling betvveene Caesar and Lepidus Lepidus army reuolteth Pompeys Souldyours yeelde to Caesar Caesar stricken A Castell beaten dovvne vvhose garrison iested at Caesar Castels giuen oâ—â—r to Caesar Lepidus vtterly forsaken The horsemen sende to Caesar to knovv if he vvoulde houe Lepidus killed Lepidus â—eâ—riâ—ed only a speciall liuing reserued The muâ—abilitiâ— of Fortune Caesar vvonâ—â—â— not follovv Pompey Caesars mighty armie Enuic follovveth Fortune Mutinie of Souldioures Ofilius rudely speaketh to Caesar Ofilius not scene agayne Souldyoures dismissed Honoured offered to Caesar at Rome Caesar declareth his actes to the Senate and the people Caesars Orations published Modestic of Caesar Inscription of peace Bondmen restored to their maisters Caesar honoured as a God at xxviii yeare of his age Robberies in the Citie Sab. â—â—us VVatches appoynted in the night in the Citie The hope of restorement of the common state by Caesars vvords Tribune perpetuall Lacinie a hill in the furthest shore of Italy Pompey spoyleth the Temple of Iune Mitylene a Citie in Lesbo novv Mitcline Vayne hope of Pompey Lalienâ—â— Pompey vseth double deuice 〈…〉 sent against Pompey by Antony Pompeis Embassadours to Anotonie Antonie to Pompeis Embassadours 〈…〉 messengers taken Excuse of PoÌ„pey Antonie a plaine man Furniuâ— Pompey trayneth his men Oâ—â—obâ—rbus Amyntas Practise discoâ—â—red Curio put to death Theodorus killed Lampsaco taken by Pompey Capsico a citie in the shore of Hellesponte He besiegeth Cyziâ—â—s an Iâ—aÌ„de in Propontide a citie of that name of great strength Aâ—â—â—iâ— a part of Grâ—â—â—â— Pompey diâ—â—odgeth Furnius ScamaÌ„tria a litle tovvne at the porte of Iliâ— People resorte to Pompey 〈…〉 novve the sea of sayne George Mysâ—â— novve 〈…〉 â—◠〈…〉 Pompeys money taken He gathereth more Nicea a citie in diuerse places Nâ—comedia novv 〈…〉 a cuie in 〈…〉 ProcoÌ„nâ—so novv Mâ—â—morâ— an I le in Propontide Pompeys frendes yeelde to Antonie Pompey assayleth his eninues by night Pompey loseth occasion Pompey desireth speach vvith Furnius Furnius to Pompey Pompey hateth Tiâ—â—â— Pompey yeldeth to Furnius vvho vvoulde not take him nor suffer Amyntas to do it 〈…〉 discouered by 〈…〉 Pompey forsaken of all handes Pompey yeldeth to Amyntas vvithout condition The connâ—ing vp of Pompey The good acteâ— of Pompey Negligence vâ—dâ—d Pompey Titius putteth Pompey to death at Milâ—to a Citie in the endes of Ionia and Caria Plancus The Illyrianâ— novv 〈…〉 conâ—nuall enimies of the Romanes Antonie marieth Octauia Antonies fortune â–ª is ouercome â–ª of Caesars Crassus Pompey and Caesar Crassus goeth to the vvarre agaynst order Execration Imperator Hierapoliâ— an holy citie in Asâ—â— ful of maruelous things Tokens Antonie goeth against the Parâ—â—â—ans to reueÌ„ge Crassus Antonie did better by his Liâ—â—tenants than by himselfe Ventidius Samosatis â–ª a citie vvhere is a lage â–ª of a maruelous nature Antonie refuseth good offer Antonie returneth King Orodes killed by his sonne Moneses to Themistocles compared Antonies liberalitie to couÌ„ternayle kings of Persiâ— Vaine â–ª loâ—â— Octaâ—â—â— â–ª Cleopatra Antonie killeth the king of Iurie Vanitie of Antonie Haste maketh vvaste Atropatia one part of Media The artillerie of the Romanes taken 〈…〉 a small victory Punishment To be fedde vvith barly vvas a punishment among Souldyoures Crast of the Parthians Antony omitteth a Generalles part Mardus Parthians vpon the Romanes Parthians trouble the Romanes Fuluius Gallus taketh an euill enterprise Titius Canidius Romanes slayne Antony vveepeth Antony lamenteth Antonyes prayer Policie of the Romanes Parthians repulsed VVant in the Romanes Camp. Barly bread Hearbes venemous Frenâ—ye in the Camp. VVine The 〈◊〉 of Xenophon Antony vvarned VVater Salt vvater Mithridates Antonyes giftes Antonyes treasure spoyled Antony in dread Cold ayre â—okeâ— of vvater Araxes diuideth Armenia from Atropatia 〈◊〉 Loâ—â—â— of the 〈◊〉 Antony taketh the King of Arâ—â—â—â—iâ— by flâ—ght Antâ—â—yes triuâ—pâ— displeasant to the Romanes 〈◊〉 Antonyes â—ondâ—â—ssâ— Antony câ—lled by the Medâ—â—â— agayne Câ—sâ—r seeketâ— occasion to â—â—â—â— Antony Antony forbiddeth his vvife Octauia to 〈◊〉 to him Niger Craft of Cleopatra Antony doteth Octauia Modestie of Octauia Antonyes foâ—lishnesse Isis Caesarion Accusations betvveene Caesar and Antony Obâ—eâ—â—â—oâ—s of Antony Anâ—vveres of Câ—sar Câ—â—â—â—â—us Nâ—â—iâ— of Antony Domitius â—leopâ—tâ—a laboureth to â—arry vvith Antony Progresse of Antony and â—leopatra 〈◊〉 Pastime out of â—â—me 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Antony a â—itiâ—eÌ„ of 〈◊〉 â–ª Aâ—â—â—â—â— pâ—â—yeth â—he 〈◊〉 â—ctauia is put out of Antonies house Câ—sar in vvant Sâ—acknesse of Antonie Exaction of money Titius Plancus â–ª Antonies friendâ— forsake hâ—m Antonies testameÌ„t bevvrayed â–ª Câ—sar obiected agaynst Antonies testament Librarie of Pâ—rgâ—mâ— Geminius Cleopatra tauÌ„teth Geminius Ansvvere of Geminius Geminius telleth truth and is blamed Romanes fleeth from Antonie VVarre proclaymed Nauie of Antonie Confederate kings Nâ—nie of Caesar Countries of eyther side The maner of Caesars Shippes Caesar prouoketh Antonie Antonie chalengeth combat vvith Caesar Actio Toryne Canidius Antonie heareth not good counsell Antonie in danger A good request of an old Capitayne not graunted Antonie refuseth al good couÌ„sell The fight A token The diuersitie of the fight Cleopatra fleeth Antonie folovveth Louer Antony is hoysted into Cleopatras Shippe Antony is pursued Euricles Silence of Antonie Tâ—naro a forelande Antonie giueth his frends leaue to shift for theÌ„selues Caesars victorie Men amazed aâ— Antonies madnesse Soldiours good opinion of Antonie Antonies footemen yeldeth Paretonio a port tovvne Antonie in despayre A deuise of Cleopatra for hyâ— safetie Antonie folovveth the trade of Timon Timons tabernacle Euill nevves one after an other Antony renueth his riot Feastes of the dying sorte Cleopatra seketh for poyson
Request of Cleopatra Requestes of Antonie Euphronius Alexas of Laodicis Infidelitie punished Caesar promiseth much to Cleopatra Antony vvhippeth the messenger of Caesar Scornefull message of Antony Birth day Caesar goeth to Rome Pelusio a part of Egipt Cleopatra in suspition Sepulchre of Cleopatra Antony issueth out of Alexindria and repulseth Caesars horsemen Cleopatra revvardeth the valiant Souldyoure The seconde chalenge of â–ª Antony vpon Cleopatra Antony cheereth his men A noyse in the Citie in the night of svveete musicke Antonyes ships forsake him His horsemen forsake him Antony complayneth of Cleopatra Cleopatra sleeth from Antony Message of Cleopatra Antonyes greefe Heros Antonyes man killeth himselfe Antony thrusteth his svvord into himselfe Diomedes Antony is caried halfe dead into the Sepulchre A pitifull sight VVords of Antony at his death Proculeius Antony dyeth Derceteus Caesar vveepeth for Antony Request of Cleopatra Gallus Proculeius getteth into the secret Scpulcre of Cleopatra Proculeus stayeth Cleopatra â—â—om â—â—lling hirselfe Epaphroditus Care of Caesar to keepe Cleopatra aliue Caesar honoureth a Philosopher Caesars mercy to the AlexaÌ„â—â—nes Cleopatra buryeth Antonyes body very princely Cleopatra kept from killing hir selfe by hunger Caesar commeth to Cleopatra Cleopatra submit â–ª to Caesar She beateth one of hir seruants Caesar granteth all things to Cleopatra Dolabella is sent to Cleopatra Cleopatra celebrateth Antonyes funerall VVords of Cleopatra Cleopatra deceyueth Caesar The Gard is deceyued Cleopatras last request to Caesar Cleopatra is fouÌ„d dead vpon a ded of gold and hit tvvo vvomen by â—ir Aspis brought amoÌ„g the figges did sting hir to death Age of Antony and Cleopatra Antonyes children Caesar bestoâ—â—eth Cleopatras children He vseth one of Antonies sonnes in great fauour Chaunge of mariage Emperours of Antonies issue Anthony the cause of the alteration of the Romane estate Augustus Ianus temple shutte onely tvvice before iâ— token of generall peace Byrth of Iesus Christ Enuie The name of Emperour Imperator Cicero vvas called Emperour in Asia Greeke Emperours Mabumetes Amurâ—ies Germane Emperours Stephanus in his Greeke addition to the Greeke Preface These pillers or hylls of Hercules be in the straightes of Gades beyoÌ„d the vvhiche it vvas thoughe no maÌ„ could go Moores inhabite Maâ—â—â—â—â—niâ— vvest vvarde â—â—biâ— othervvise called Affrica is the third part of the vvorld diuided froÌ„ Asia by the floude Nilus and from Europa by the sea that is called Medâ— â–ª â—â—rrancum Nomades vvere they that alvvai follovved theyr flocks and chanÌ„ged their places of pastâ—re There be tvvo â—hallovve seas called Syrtes Marmaridans bee those people of Affrica among vvhych be they that be called Psilli vvhose spettle killeth serpents as Cato proued vvhen he vvent against Iubâ— The holloyve parte of Syriâ— is called Calosyriâ— Pâ—lusium is the furthest Cittie of the coasts of Egipt Palmyra is a free Cittye in the confines of the Româ—â—â— and Parthian kingdomes Propâ—tis is novv called Marc dâ— San Georgio Pamphilia is in Asia the lesse named as some thinke of the plentye of tâ—eâ—â— Euxinus is the sea that beginneth at â—â—sphorâ—â— Tracâ—â—s and goeth easte and not the it vvas first called Axenuâ— that vvas Inhospitalis bicause the mâ—abi taunts dyd kyll and eate the passengers but after beeing madâ— ciâ—â—ll by the Greâ—â—anâ— it vvas called Euxinus Rbenus is the floude that diuideth Germany from Fraunce Iberia c. novv Spaine Euphrates is a floude of Mesoâ— potamâ—â— Caucasus an hyâ— dunding Iâ—diâ— from Scythiâ— â—â—ster is the sâ—â—e floud in â—llyria that Da. 〈…〉 in Gâ—r manie the greatest floud in Europe Daeâ—â— novv Vallichia the people vvere called Daâ—â— or Dâ—â—a ioyuing to the Gâ—â—tâ—â— of vvhom the Aâ—bâ—â—aâ—s take their names oâ— iâ—â—uâ—unts in Câ—â—â—dâ—â— as Daâ—us â—â—tâ— Cyâ—laâ—eâ— be the â—les in the Aâ—geâ—â— Sea. Sâ—oâ—ade â–ª be â—â—es about Creta in the Carpâ—â—â—iâ—â— Sea. Echiâ—â—â—â—es be big Iles next to Acaâ—â—iâ— Tyrâ—â—nideâ— be the lands in the Tuscanâ— Sea. Myrâ—oâ—n sea is part of the Aegâ—â—â—se◠〈…〉 novv England so gret as tâ—seemeth a moyne lande Aâ—â—stacrasia is a rule of the best sort of men C. Caesar Kings Emperours Emperorâ—s hee that is generall of an army Grecia Darius the first king of Persia that had Cyruâ— â–ª daughter to vviâ—â— The Athâ—niâ—ns vverâ— ouerthrovven in Italy The povver of Grecia The rule of Asia Europe Asia Persâ—câ—â— Siâ—s from the east hath the red sea and from the vveast Arabia Macedonia Phillip Alexander The povver of the kings of Aegipt 〈◊〉 Lagus vvas the mightiest after Alexander At 〈◊〉 At the lake of 〈◊〉 Al Canne novve 〈◊〉 The Romaines haue diuerse names The diuision of the vvorkes Samnites novve Abruzo part of the Kingdome of Naples Appian a coâ—nâ—ellouâ— to the Emperoures in 〈◊〉 causes Câ—â—le is one of the paâ—tes of Syria the vvhich is hollovv for so signifyeth the vvord 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 novv the stâ— eightes of 〈◊〉 Rhesus King of Thracia 10. Iliad Bebrycia in Asia the lesse Byzantium is novv Constant tinople Some call hir Seta that vvas fister to Rhesus Prusias Cyrigus The Romanes vvere called Togâ—â— and the Greekes 〈…〉 The behauioure of Prusias disguised Libertus that of a seruant is made free The craftie aâ—â— of Prusias Prusias is forced to recompence Attalus Prusias practiseth to kill his sonne Nicomedes Nicomedes shevveth himselfe as King. â—â—enâ— to the Souldyoures Nicaea vvas first called 〈…〉 aftervvard Nicaea 〈…〉 vvife Embassadors to be laughed at Cato Novv Nichâ—â— and of saylers Comidia Prusias killed The Romanes made heyres of Labiâ—â—a by testamente Arisus a sayre tovvne in the confines of Paâ—phligonâ—a and Cappadocia Hieronimus vvas an Historievvriter of Rhodes Dreame of Antigonus 〈◊〉 beneficiall Chrestus good or profitable Amastris the châ—ese câ—â—â—e so caâ—â—ed of a vvoman of Persia before beyng named Câ—â—nâ—â—â— The Embassador of Mithridates to the Romanes Embaâ—â—â—dors of Nicomedes 〈…〉 The Romanes aunsvvere Eight of these furlongs maketh a mile Maeotis the great fenne in Scythâ—â— The Embassadors make vvarre vvithout the consent of the Senate The Romanes force Mithridates forces 〈…〉 a floud The fight Nicomedes fleeth Mithridates vseth courtesie Scoraba An other courtesie of Mithridates Pachius a tovvn at Proponsid A third curtesie of Mithridates The Romanes discontented Sangaris is othervvise called Corallus Lentocephale Mithridates lieth in an harborough vvhere great Alexander once did lye Lycus Q. Oppius Laodiceans betray Oppius Oppius ledde prisoner Manius is despighted of Mithridates and cruelly handled Mithridates taketh a vvife at Stratonicaea Monime is made a Queene 〈…〉 appoynted to the roome VVant of treasure in Rome Mithridates decree of murder Adramitte a citie of the coaste of Mysia Cruelty in Asia agaynst the Romanes Câ—â—â—us novve Roâ—e a tovvne of Caria The Romanes hated Co â–ª Iland novve Loâ—go Of Câ—riâ— and of â—yria The vvarre of Muthridates agaynst the â–ª Rhodes The Kings Shippe crushed by chaunce Sambuca vvas an engine vsed at the siege of Cities bycause the ropes vvere to stretched in it as the strings in the instrument of Musicke that is so called The Rhodians put the kyngs men avvaye Isis is a Goddesse in
Aegipt Patara a Cittye of Lycia Delos an Ile in the Aegian sea Aristion by occasion of money plaieth the tyraÌ„ Philosophers Tirannes Thespia a free Tovvne in Boeotia Magnesia in Ionia Demetriada in Thessalie Scyethuâ— â—â—â—â—e 〈◊〉 Pireâ— novve Portolione The port of Athens able to hold four hundred Shippes Thebes in Boeotia Pireus vvas made of pâ—nacles vvalled tvvo myles of length Megara is in Achaia Eleâ—sina in Attica Academia vvas a shadovvie place a mile from Athens Fidelitie of slaues to the Romanes Romaines flee and returne agayne The reproued sorte vvere noted oâ— some covvardlinesse and called vâ—tâ—peraâ—i Eleusine Lucullus diligeÌ„ce Chalcide novve Negroponâ—ey chiefe cuttie of Eâ—â—boeâ— Aâ—athias dieth at Tidâ—o A fight in the night The assaulte of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 gotten by 〈◊〉 S 〈…〉 A 〈…〉 〈…〉 y. 〈◊〉 vvas the 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 in the vvhiche they sang and daunced â—â—hersed their verses and vvente vp to it as to a vsed Theatre Mans fleshe dressed for sustenance Libertie giuen to the posteritie of the Athenians not to theÌ„selues Aristion put to death Thermopyle â—is the greate hill that diuideth Grecia be the streyght of it vvith hoâ—e vvaters Pireo burned Phoâ—is a litle region of Grecia Cherona Sylla taketh the aduantage â–ª of the place The armed â–ª chariots defeated The ouerthrovv of Archelaus Cheronea is a tovvne in Bâ—otia vvhere Pâ—â—tâ—rch vvas borne Euripâ—s is the streight sea that flovveth seuen times a day Zacynthus an Ile of the Ionian sea Crueltie of Mithridates against the Galatians Chio novv Sâ—io Mithridates spite agaynst the Xiâ—â— for a sâ—â—l cause Erythea is a citie of Asia not far from Sâ—io of the vvhich vvas one Sybilla Mithridates letter to the Châ—â—â— The lamentable â–ª destruction of the Chians The Ephesians kill Zenobius Trallis at the floud Meâ—aÌ„â—rus Papenâ— of Triphylia Mithridates releaseth debtes maketh free A conspiracte bevvrayed Orchomenus at the floud of that name The boldnesse of Sylla The victory of the Romaneâ— The valiantnes of Basillus This garland or crovvne vvas called Vallaris vvhich vvas giuen to him that first scaled the trench Sylla is proclaymed Rebell at Rome Flaccus Fimbria Fimbria killeth Flaccus AÌ„ rare crueltie of a Romane Pitane a Citie of â—â—â—lide â—iâ—â— vvhere Troy vvas Crueltie of a Romane Troy vvorse vsed of a Romane Palladium the Image of Minerua sente from Heauen Archelous to Sylla Talke of peace 〈◊〉 â—eople of Paphlagonia Talke of peace betvvene Sylla and Mithridates Manius actes reproued VVarre betvveene 〈◊〉 and Sylla Fimbria is forsaken Nonius refuseth to svveare Athenion Sylla vvill not speake vvith Fimbria Fimbria killeth himselfe â–ª Hi bâ—ly is given to be bâ—ryeâ— othervvise then Marius vsed at Rome The revvardes of the faithfull people The punishment of the reuolting people Sylla to the Ephesiâ—â—s Holy a floud running out of Taurus Inconueniences in Asia Iassus â–ª an Ile of Caâ—a The seconde vvarre vvith Mithridates â–ª Colchis is next Pontus Mithridates killeth his sonne Archelous fleeth froÌ„ Mithridates Comana a Citie dedicate to Bellona Murena cauilleth Calidius commeth from Rome vvith counterâ—eâ— commaundement Murenas fleeth The manner of the sacrifice of the kings in Asia made by Mithridates for the victory 〈…〉 refuseth Mithridates gold Cochieus came from Troy. Tigranes by persuasioÌ„ of Mithridates inuadeth Cappadocia Mithridates sendeth to Sertorius The thirde vvarre vvith Mithridates Medimnus vvas a measure that contayned sixâ— Modij Modius contayned syxe Sextures vvhych in commonlye called a Bushell Calybes people in Poute that dig yron naked Heniochi people of Ponius liuing by theft Thermodon Mithridates â—â— his souldiours Nicomedes leaueth his kingdome to the Romenes Cotta fleeth Nudue commeth to Chalcide vvhere the port coloyse is lette dovvne many Romanes stayne Lucullus is generall Lucullus espieth his aduauntage Mithridates abused Errours of Mithridates Cyzico an Iland and citie in Propontide of great renovvne Helepolis is an engine to beate the vvall Lisistratus The valiantnes of the Cyzians A sacrifice to Proserpina Eumachus killeth the Romanes â—sauâ—i a people Asia the lesse Dindymus the hill of Idea Aesepus a floud in the lesse Nisia â–ª flovving from the hill Ida. Lucullus playes Apamea in the coast of Bythinia Prusias called before Chius Lennus novv Statimene The monument of Philoctetes Lucullus ouercometh three Captaynes of Mithridates Letters in Laurell Mithridates hath losse by sea and is â—â—â—ed in a roâ—ers barke In Sinope vvas an vniuersitâ—e Diocles fleeth to Lucullus A dramme vvas a Romane penny Eupatoria Themiscyra a region of Pontus Cabeira a tovvne of higher Asia Lucullus is ouercome in one fight of horsemen â–ª Pompey the generall of horse brought before the King aunsvvered boldly A princely saying of the king Octauius fleeth from Lucullus Nothing so good as health of a ruler The Romanes in a great feare acâ— Mithridates vvrighteth of his victory A right of the Romane forragers and the Kings horsemen in a streight The Kings feare The Kings army fleeth 〈…〉 is thrust do 〈…〉 flyoâ—â— The souldiours â—lvvayes gyuen to spoyle Mithridates fleeth to Tigranes vvho vvoulde not see hym The king seÌ„deth to kil his sisters vvlues daughters A dreame of Lucullus saueth the Citie of Sinope Antolycus vvas one that liued by theâ—t Sinope restored to libertie Lucullus vvyth a small armye against a greate King. Telliâ—g of truth euill revvarded Mancaeus keepeth the chiefe Cittie The defence of Tigranocerta Tiranes laugheth at Mithridates A quicke saying of Tigranes Lucullus vvinneth an hill Lucullus hath the victorye The valiantnes of the Greeke souldiors A policie of the Parthians King. Tigranes amd Mithridates flyelli Mithridates ouer throvveth Fabrus Fabius ouerthrovveth Mithridates vvhich is sore hurt Agarenes the kings plusitions A maruelous vvinde breaketh the fight Triarius for hast is ouerthrovveâ— A Romaine captaine like a seruant vvouÌ„deth the king The Kyng is shevved to the souldiours The Romaynes forsake their campe A great number of Romayne captaines flaine Attilius is killed of suspition Diâ—â—entioÌ„ vvyth the Romaynes Lucullus is lefte alone Mithridates filleth the sea vvith Pyrats The myshappes of the Rouers Cilicia full of rockes onâ— Mountaynes on the coaste Cilices vvere compted rouerâ— Murenas Serui. 〈…〉 Pompey chosen admirall against the Pyrates The maner of the appoâ—â—meÌ„ts The diligence of Pompey The Piraâ—â— gyue ouer Cragus and Anticragus â–ª hilles â— Lycia parte of Taurus Many restored beyond hope The Pirates appoynted to inhabite hard places in the coast of Cilicia The large commission that Pompey had Ansvvere of Pompey to Mithridates Fight of horsemen The King fleâ—th A discomâ—iture vpon an errour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Hiberians of â—rmenia Spaine 〈◊〉 a citie in Câ—â—hide vvhere sometyme occupved three hâ—nâ—red nâ—â—â—ons of dyuers language Porus. â—â— Aâ—hainâ— of Troy A â—acriâ—ice of men Machares killeth himselfe for fear of his father 〈◊〉 vvere â—â—◠〈◊〉 that vvente 〈◊〉 Iason Pâ—ometheâ—â— vvas tyed at the hyâ—◠〈◊〉 Streâ—â—es of golde Aâ—â—os Artocus leythâ—in vvâ—yre for Pompey Pompey destroyeth the enâ—rutes in a vvodde VVomen â—ound vvouÌ„ded Amazones vver the vvomeÌ„ that 〈◊〉 one of
reteyne his office and so he did at whyche time Octauius nothing abashed made resistance againe Wherefore Gracchus put the matter firste to the vayces and when one company had giuen against Octauius Gracchus turned to him and prayed him to leaue his purpose but he cared not for it and so they procéeded There was fiue and thirtie companies whereof seauentéene had giuen against him with greate furie and where y eyghtenth should haue determined the matter Gracchus againe in the sighte of the people lamentably desired him that being in that daunger he woulde not hynder so profitable and honorable an acte to all Italy nor to withstande so greate desire of the people whyche he ought to further béeyng a Tribune nor to suffer the disgrace of losing hys office Thus hée spake and called God to witnesse that agaynste hys wyll hys fellowe was deposed But when no persuasion woulde serue hée made the decrée Octauius béeyng depriued he secretely conueyed hymselfe away Quintus Mummius was chosen Tribune in his place The lawe of landes was pronounced and the firste officers appoynted to sée it executed was Gracchus hymselfe the lawmaker and a brother of hys name and Appius Claudius hys father in lawe So muche dyd the people feare that all the laboure of the lawe shoulde bée lost vnlesse Gracchus and all hys familie hadde the execution of it Gracchus was maruellously magnifyed for thys lawe and accompanyed of the people to his house as a preseruer not of one Citie or Countrey but of all the nations of Italy Thys béeyng done they that had the day returned to the landes in the Countrey from whence they came for that purpose but they that lost the day remayned discontented and talked that Gracchus shoulde not escape blame when he shoulde bée out of office that durst violate a Magistrate of so greate authoritie and gyue occasion of so manifest sedition in Italy Nowe was it Sommer and the tyme of choosing Tribunes at hande It séemed that the ryche woulde so laboure as the office should bée gyuen to some of Gracchus greatest enimies The tryall béeyng at hande and hée afrayde that hée shoulde not bée elected Tribune for the yeare to come called people out of the Countrey to gyue voyce in the election but they béeyng occupyed in Sommer businesse and the daye drawyng nygh hée was compelled to make the people of the Citie hys refuge and wente aboute to euery one aparte to desire them to make hym Tribune agayne béeyng in daunger for theyr sakes When the daye was come the two firste companyes chose Gracchus but the ryche men cryed that it was not lawfull for one to bée Tribune twyce togyther Rubrio a Tribune to whose turne it came to bée chiefe of the election doubted of the matter Mummius successor to Octauius prayed hys fellowe to committe the order of the election to hym whyche hée dyd but the other Tribunes affyrmed that thys must be tryed by lotte for where Rubrio hadde hys turne the appoyntmente dyd apperteyne to them all The contention béeyng greate and Gracchus hauyng the worse he deferred the discussing tyll the nexte daye and béeyng vtterlye discouraged although yet in office he remayned the rest of the whole daye in the common place beséechyng euerye man to bée hys helpe as though he shoulde streyghte haue bin destroyed of hys enimies The poore men were moued wyth compassion and consideryng that they were not vsed indifferently as Citizens but rather as slaues to the lust of the ryche and fearyng for Gracchus state who suffered for theyr sake with lamentation they all broughte hym to hys house at nyghte and bade hym bée of good chéere agaynste the nexte daye Gracchus béeyng thus encouraged assembled hys parte in the nyghte and gaue them a watchworde to fyghte it out if néede required Then hée went to the Temple of the Capitoll where the election shoulde bée and when the assemblie was come togyther and hée in the myddest of them some of the Tribunes and the ryche men woulde not suffer the election to procéede for hym wherefore hée gaue hys watche worde they that were priuie to it made a greate shoute and beganne the fray some stoode aboute Gracchus to guarde hys person some tore the seates some wrang the roddes and maces out of the Sergeantes handes some rente asunder euerye thyng and bet the ryche menne out of the place wyth suche a tumulte and terroure as all the Tribunes ranne awaye and the Priestes shutte the Temple dores The flying and running was confused and the spéeche not well vnderstanded Some thoughte that Gracchus hadde deposed an other Tribune for spying none of them there it was lyke to bée so Some thoughte hée hadde made hym selfe Tribune agayne wythoute anye Election In the meane time the Senate assembled in the Temple of Faith. Surely I maruell that where the office of one ruler had many times before preserued the state in like troubles that now they dyd not choose a Dictator In former times it was founde most necessarie but nowe neyther in memorie nor after cared for When the Senate as wel as they could had resolued what was to be done they went vp to the Capitoll and Cornelius Scipio Nasica by the name of chiefe Bishop led the way and spake with a loude voice that they should follow him that would haue their Countrey safe Then he pulled the skirte of his gowne ouer hys head eyther to giue a token by his garmēt that the more might followe hint or for a signe to them that sawe it that he woulde fight or for that he would as it were hide from the Gods what he meant to do Being come to the Temple and thrusting in among Gracchus route they gaue place vnto him as to a most worthy man whome they sawe all the Senate follow then dyd his company wring the weapons out of the others handes and gathered the péeces of the broken seates with any other things that they could get in the place and bet Gracchus part so violently as they droue them to the brinke of the hill in the whyche tumulte Gracchus was slayne and many with him at the Temple dores before the Images of the Kings Thus Gracchus béeyng some of that Gracchus that had bin twice Consull whose mother was Cornelia daughter to Scipio that conquered Affrica meaning well to his Countrey but going aboute it vndiscretely was slayne in the Capitoll being yet Tribune As this was the firste mischiefe that was done in the place of election so did it not ceasse till many more were done from tyme to time The Citie was deuided into wo and ioy for Gracchus death some lamented for themselues as well as for him that the present state was no more a common wealth but rather a Cōquest and crueltie Other reioyced at that was done whereby they had obteyned their purpose This was done whē Aristonicus contended with the Romaines for the Lordship of
this meane tyme Scipio the Consull threw downe a Theatre that Lucius Cassius had begun and almost ended eyther as an occasion of new sedition or for that he woulde not haue the Romaine people acquainted with the Greekes pastimes Q. Metellus a maister of maners minded to haue remoued Glaucias that had bin Consul and Apuleius hauing bin Tribune from their dignitie for their euill life but he coulde not do it bycause his fellowe was againste it A little while after to be reuenged of Metellus Apuleius laboured to bée Tribune againe bycause Glaucias was Pretor should be chiefe in the election but Nonius a noble maÌ„ vsing frée spéech agaynste him reprouing Glaucias was chosen Tribune They fearyng that he being in authoritie would punish them sent a band of busie fellowes as he went from the election and killed him entring into a shoppe to saue himselfe This murther being committed they of Glaucias faction before the people could assemble agayne â—hose Apuleius Tribune earely in the morning by this meane was the deathe of Nonius not followed men being afraide of the Tribune Metellus was banished by y help of C. Marius now sixe times Consull who bearing secrete hate againste him conspired with his enimies Apuleius did make a lawe to deuide certayne landes of the Frenche wonne by the Cymbrianes whome Marius hadde driuen away as nowe no longer of the Frenche but belongyng to the Romaines and therefore might be deuided It was promised that if the people woulde allow the lawe the Senate should confirme it the fifth day by an oth and he that refused to sweare to it should be remoued froÌ„ the Senate and be coÌ„demned to the people in twenty Talents This was a deuice to be reuenged of Metellus who for his grauitie woulde not sweare vnto it The law being in this forwardnesse Apuleius appointed that day and in the meane time sent into the Countrey for such as had serued Marius in y warres to haue their help but bycause y Italian's shoulde be more aduaunced by this lawe than the Romaines the people was not content with it So discord arose in the time of the meeting Apuleius did put backe from the higher place all that were against the law The people of the Citie cryed that it thâ—ndered which when it hapned it was not lawfull for the Romaines to conclude any thing in their consultations Neuerthelesse Apuleius bande vsed violence still wherefore the Citizens girded their gownes and tooke such weapons of woode as they coulde get and resisted the Countreymen They agayne being encouraged by Apuleius stucke to it and with their staues and battes beate the Citizens so as the lawe was wonne Marius the Consull forthwith propouÌ„ded the oth and bycause he knew Metellus a constant and sound man in his purposes he firste shewed his owne opinion affirming he would not sweare and all to deceyue Metellus who sayd the same wherefore both of them beyng commended of others Marius brake vp the house The fifth daye after which was the time appoynted for the oth the Consull assembled the Senate on a suddaine about tenne of the clocke and sayde he was afrayd of the people that fauored the lawe so feruently yet he had deuised a shift and a subtiltie for it and that was this that a man might sweare to the words of the lawe so farre forthe as it was lawfull and so for the time the Countrey people mighte be sente home and after it might be well proued that it was no law which by violence and by the thundering of Iupiter was made contrary to the order of the Countrey WheÌ„ he had sayd thus euery man was silent for feare of entrapping and the suddaynesse of the time wherefore he arose and went to the Temple of Saturne where the common treasourers shoulde sweare Himselfe sware first so did his frieÌ„ds other Senators did the like for feare Only Metellus would not sweare continuing in his former sentence without dread Apuleius the nexte day sent a Sergeant to pull him out of the Courte but the Tribunes defended him Then Apuleius and Claudius ranne to the Countrey multitude affirming that they neither could haue laÌ„d nor law take place vnlesse Metellus were banished wherefore a decrée of his banishmente was made and a Proclamation from the Consull that no man should succoure Metellus neyther wyth fyre nor water and one only day was giuen him for deliberation of the matter The people of the Citie were offended and wente aboute Metellus with their weapons he thanked them for their good will but said his Countrey should not be brought into trouble for him So Apuleius pronounced the decrée of his exile and Marius confirmed it Thus was the most worthy man of the Citie banished after the which Apuleius was Tribune the third time and for his fellow one Gracchus a runnagate was appoynted reporting that he was sonne to olde Gracchus the people fauouring him for the names sake The election of the Consuls being at hand Marcus Antonius was chosen for the one without any sticking for the other Glaucias and Memmius contended Memmius was of more estimation in the Citie Glaucias and Apuleius feared themselues and sente certayne men with wasters into the assemblie whiche layde vpon Memmius and kylled him Thus was the solemne assemblie disturbed no regarde being had now of law or iustice nor reuereÌ„ce of God or man The people was gréeued at it and the nexte day gathered togither to dispatche Apuleius but he got the company of his new multitude of CountreymeÌ„ with Glaucias and C. Sapheius a treasourer and tooke the Capitoll The Senate commaunded they shoulde be taken and dispatched but Marius vnwilling to it did for a shew arme men very slowly Some there were that did cutte away the water that wente into the Temple wherefore Sapheius that could not abide the lacke of water persuaded theÌ„ to set the Temple a fyre but Glaucias and Apuleius yéelded themselues first and after so did Sapheius And where euery man called vpon their execution Marius shutte them in the Senate house as to deale with them more according to lawe But the people perceiuing this to be a delay pulled the staues of y roofe of the TeÌ„ple and neuer left throwing vpon them till they had killed all thrée whereof one was a Questor an other a Tribune and the third a Pretor and all at that time clad with the robes of their office With them also was slayne a greate number of the people entangled with their sedition and in it the other Tribune that was thought to be sonne to Gracchus the first day of the entring into his Tribuneship for now neyther libertie nor dignitie neyther law nor office was able to reéeue any maÌ„ wheÌ„ as the Tribunes office created for the repressing of wrongs and defence of the people as a sanctuary and holy thing was waxen a worker of iniuries and had iniurie done against it selfe
After Apuleius and the rest were killed the Senate and the people decréede to call home Metellus but P. Furius Tribune not borne of a frée man to his father but made frée of a bond man boldly did resist them and reiected his sonne Metellus beséeching him with teares vpon his knées in the sight of all the people which yong man for that pitifull acte was euer after called Metellus the dutifull Caius Canuleius Tribune the next yeare did accuse Furius and the people that would not tarrie to haue him tried by iudgement did teare him in péeces Thus euer one mischiefe or other was committed in the common place Metellus was called home and as they say a daye did not suffice for them that came to welcome hym home at the gates of the Citie Thus the thirde sedition after the two former made of the two Graccâ—â— begunne by Apulesus and working muche trouble to the Romaynes was ended In the meane tyme kyndled a stirre called the fellowes warre whiche as it was sodayne so it shortlye grewe verye great and caused dissention to ceasse at home for feare of trouble abrode and when it was ended it raysed newe turmoyles and workers of discorde not for makyng of Cities or creating of officers among the people but wyth myghtye armyes séekyng one anothers destruction the whyche I thought good to ioyne with thys Hystorie bycause it procéeded of ciuill dissention and increased to a farre greater tumulte the begynnyng whereof was thys Fuluiuâ— Flaccus béeyng Consull was the fyrste that openly encouraged the Italians to aske the fréedome of Rome that of subiectes they myghte bée coequall in authoritie And bycause hée was so earnest in the cause the Senatoures sente hym to a forrayne warre where hée laboured to bée Tribune When hys office shoulde ende and broughte to passe that hée was chosen Tribune wyth Gracchus the yonger both the whyche going aboute to make lawes in the fauoure of the Italians were slayne as yée haue hearde whereby the Italians were the more sharplyesette takyng it gréeuouslye that they were rather vsed lyke vnderlyngs than fellowes and that Fuluius and Gracchus for theyr sakes were so destroyed after whome Liuius Drusus a noble man and Tribune hadde promised the Italians to make a lawe in theyr fauoure touchyng the freedome of the Citie whereof they were verye desirous as the onely meane of Seruauntes to bée made Superioures To gratifye the people of Rome the Tribune ledde newe inhabitances as well into Italie as Sicelie determined before but tyll that tyme deferred Hée also tooke in hande to make pacification betwéene the Senatoures and the Gentlemen whyche were fallen out for authoritie of iudiciall matters and when hée sawe hée coulde not directlye restore the Senate to theyr former iurisdiction he vsed a policie wyth them both for where the Senate by reason of sedition were scarcely the number of thrée hundred hée deuised that so many more shoulde bée chosen of the Gentlemen and of them all Judges to bee chosen in tyme to come to heare matters of corruption whyche was nowe no more regarded for men were waxen so shamelesse as it was thoughte no faulte but thys policie hadde contrarie successe for the Senate was gréeued that so many Gentlemen shoulde so suddaynely bée made theyr fellowes béeyng vnlyke that they in lyke authoritie would agrée with them The Gentlemen were afrayde that the whole order of iudgementes should be in the Senate the which thing now hauing tasted of great gaine with much authoritie they began not without cause to suspect besideforth an emulation grew among themselues which of theÌ„ shoulde be thought worthier than other to be chosen to the thrée C. and he that was was sure to be enuied but nothing did more trouble them than that the triall of corruption shoulde be called agayne to the ordinary court the which was now out of vse and in this the Senate and the Gentlemen though they agréed not among themselues yet they both conspired agaynste Drusus The people was pleased wyth theyr newe habitations But the Italians for whose sakes the Tribune hadde begunne all these things could not away with the placing of newe habitacions for if the diuision of common land should ceasse the rich men some by force and some by fraude woulde winne it and streight get it from them and be euill neyghbours to them that would with-holde them The Tuscanes and the Vmbrians hauing the like affection were brought of the Consull inpretence to dispatche Drusus but in very déde to resist the lawe againste the which they openly cryed and expected the day of determination When the Tribune hearde of this he came not abroade but gaue audience at home in a darke gallerie and in an euening dismissing the people it hapned so that he cryed I am hurt and with y word he fell downe dead it was found that he was strickeÌ„ with a Shomakers knife in y flanke Thus Drusus the Tribune was slayne The Gentlemen of this determination tooke occasion to picke quarels against their enimies and induced Q. Valerius the Tribune to take vppon him to accuse all them that eyther priuily or apertly had furthered the Italians in the publique matters hoping thereby the great men should haue bin brought into slaunders and diffamation and they be their Judges whych being ridde away they shoulde yet haue greater power in the common wealth And whereas other Tribunes did refuse to propound the lawe the Gentlemen with swords in hand did coÌ„passe the place and caused the law to be made which as soone as they had obteyned they brought in accusers againste the Senatours whereof one Bestius woulde not obey but wente into voluntarie banishment as he that would not giue himselfe into the hands of his enimies Cotta appeared in iudgement and when hée had very boldly declared his seruice for the common wealth and reprehended the Gentlemen before he shoulde be cast out by decrée he wente away willingly Mummius that euercame Greece being promised of the Gentlemen to be released was deceyued and forced with shame to flée iudgement and to leade his lyfe in the I le of Delos The people began to be gréeued at this disorder increasing dayly against the best men lamenting that so many and so good CitizeÌ„s should be so suddainely taken from them The Italians hearing of Drusus death and the cause of so many mens exile thinking no longer to be suffered that such a sort of their chiefe patrones should be thus vsed and not hoping any other way to obteyne the fréedome of the Citie determined to leaue the Romaines and to make warre vpon them At the beginning of this confederacie they secretely gaue hostages for assurance of their faith which thing was long hidde to the Romaines bycause of their dissention and iudiciall causes but when it was perceyued they sente diuers abroade to vnderstand the thyng closely one of the whiche marking that
Barbarians be with vs al kings y be friends to â— Romains to me haue sente armies weapons vittails al other necessaries Therfore go to it chéerefully as to a thing worthy your countrey your selues me being mindâ—ul of Gâ—sar dispitefulnesse with spéede fulfil that shal be appointed you This he said Al the army and as many Senators Gentlemen as were there which was a greate and a goodly câ—â—anâ— with one voice did praise hym praied hym to leade them as he thought good Then he set some ships to kéepe the sea and sente his army to winter at Macedonia thinking Caesar woulde deser sayling ouer till after winter the tyme being harde and the seas rough and haue remayned at Rome bycause he was Consull and settle hys rule there so far amisse did he coniecture of that that was to come For Caesar as I sayd before in the midst of winter did go to Brunduse supposing he should most amaze his enimies by commyng on the sodayn Therfore neither hauing victuall nor prouision nor all his army there he called theÌ„ that were present to an assembly and thus said vnto them Neither the hardenesse of the tyme O friends that ioyne wyth mée in this moste noble enterprise neyther the delay of others nor the want of conuenient preparation doe wythdraw me from my purpose for surely I thinke that expedition is the best way for me and we that be firste here to go first on with the matter As for seruants carriage and baggage I thinke it beste to leaue behynde vs that the shippes that bee nowe here may receiue vs only as passengers and we deceiue oure ennimies and sette good fortune againste euil tyme bold courage agaynste our smal number and our ennimies plenty against our penury all the which shall be in oure power if wée thinke nothing to be our own but that we shall winne by force Let vs go therfore againste their slaues their prouision and victualles whiles they be in houses for feare of winter weather Lette vs goe whiles Pompey trusts that I spende the winter in shewes and sacrifices of a Consull You knowe that I take the chiefeste point in wâ—rres to be attempts of the sodayne It is honourable to preuent the first opinion â—f thyngs to come and to foresee â—â—re receyt there for theÌ„ y folow vs next I haue thoughte thys time méeter to hast than to stay that Pompey who thinks I am yet at Rome aboute my Consulship may sée me at hys camâ—â— and thoughe that I am wel assured of youre good willes yet ê tarry for your answere All the army cryed with great vehemencie that hee should â–ª leade them forth Then he came from hys seate and had them to the sea being fiue legions of footemen and sixe hundred horse men chosen lying at anker bycause of the roughe seas The winter Sunne was at the lowest â–ª and the winde kepte hym backe agaynste hys will and euill content who tarryed â—â— Brunduse till the first day of the newe yeare Then came there â—â— hym two legions more whome he conueyed ouer that winter â—â— hulkes for he hadde but fewe Gallies and they were lefte for the custody of Sicelie and Sardinia He was by tempest driuen to y mount Cerâ—uno from whence he sent hys nauy backe to feâ—â—â— the reste of hys army He in the night went to the Citie of Oriâ—â— and for the hard straighte and rocky way was compelled to diuide his army into many partes as the sharpenesse of the countrey myghte serue so as if hys commyng had béene knowne hee might easily haue bin kept backe Aboute the breake of the day â–ª with muche adâ— he gathered his army togither The people of the Citie saide vnto the Gouernor that it was not lawfull to kéepe oute the Romaine Consull when he came therfore the Gouernour delyuered the keyes to Caesar and continued wyth hym in place of honor Lucretius and Minuâ—ius on the other side of Orico wyth eightéen Galâ—â—is to guarde the victuall that came by shippe to Pompey drowned their ships that Caesar shoulde not take them and fled to Durazzo From Orier Caesar went to Appolonia where he was receyued of the Citizens and Stamerius the Gouernour left the Citie There Caesar calling hys souldiors togyther putte them in â—â— membraunce what they had done by good fortune in the harde winter they were Lords of the sea without shippes they hadde wonne Orico and Valona without fight they had gotten their enimies things Pompey being yet ignorant Nowe sayeth he if wée can catch Durazzo whiche is the Baron of Pompeys prouision alâ— is in our handes that they haue bin labouring for an whole Sommer When he had sayd thus he ledde them wyth speede to Durazzo a long way resting neyther day neâ— nygâ—te â–ª Pompey hearyng this came with great hast from Macedonia cutting downe the trees as he went to stoppe the way to Caesar Hee pulled downe bridges and burnt all prouision by the way thynking it as it was in deede to be a good deuice for to haue onely that preparation that mighte serue himselfe If any dust fyre or smoke were seene to eyther of them a farre off thinking it had bin of the contrary part they stroue who shoulde runne fastest sparing no time neyther from meate nor sleepe Hast there was and spéede with crying out vpon them that ledde theÌ„ with torchelightes whereof grew disorder and feare as the enâ—mies had bâ—n at their héeles some for wéerinesse threw downe their burthens or withdrew themselues aside into some corners thinking it better to be lefte behinde with present rest than to goe on to it withoute feare of the enimie Both sides taking these paynes Pompey came firste to Durazzo and encamped at the walles By his Nauie he gote Orico agayne and gaue better guard for the Sea. Caesar lay ouer against Pompey the floud Alore slowing betwéene them There were diuers skirmishes by them that passed the floud â–ª but they neuer broughte forthe their whole power for Pompey did trayne his yong Souldyers and Caesar looked for the rest from Brunduse He thoughte that if they came forthe in the Spring in greate Shippes they could not escape the Galleys of Pompey that scowred the Seas and wayted for them but if they did come forthe in Winter when the enimie must many tymes take the Ilands for their harborough they might escape them or by the winde or their waighte mighte passe through them where vpon he sente for them with great hast and bycause they came not when he looked he purposed himselfe to goe to them for that they woulde not so soone come with an other and kepte his determination secrete He sente thrée of his seruants to the floud â–ª twelue furlongs off to hire a swifte vessell of good proofe as for one that should be dispatched from Caesar He rose from the table as not well at câ—st and â—ad his friends sitte
them that fledde and he somewhat slow of himselfe or peraduenture distrustyng that some traynes hadde bin layde in the Campe for him or bycause he condemned to do it as though the warre were nowe ended He set vpon them that were yet abroade whereof he kylled many and that daye in two sightes he tooke eyght and twenty Banners leaning the other occasion that mighte haue made an ende of aâ—â— which Caesar could not denye but that that day had ended the warre â—â— his enimies could haue vsed the victory Pompey 〈◊〉 of this victory sente letters of it to Kings and Cities 〈…〉 ughte that Caesars Souldioures would haue reuolted vnto â—â—â— â—â—â—â—essed with famine and ouerthrowe in fighte and 〈…〉 Captayne 's for feare of their offence but they God 〈…〉 entanâ—e in them lamented their faulte and wh 〈…〉 d them gently and gaue them pardon they were 〈…〉 with themselues and with a mutation beyond 〈…〉 after their Countrey manner to take 〈…〉 and to kill euery tenth man But when Caesar w 〈…〉 hat they were the more gréeued and con 〈…〉 insured by them and cryed that the 〈…〉 be punished as though they shoulde not haue 〈◊〉 if the it â—â—ders had not turned Caesar would not grant to this 〈…〉 but punished a fewe for a fashion whereby so great a 〈…〉 ge through this moderation entred into them as they deâ—â—red him he woulde forthwith set vpon his enimies and very earnestly they exhorted and encouraged him to it promising to amend their fault with a notable victory and they resorted togyther in heapes and sware in Caesars syghte neuer to returne from the fielde vnlesse they gette the fyghte His friendes wyshed hym to vse thys repentance and promptnesse of the armye but hée sayde vnto the multitude that he woulde at a better oportunitie leade them againste their enimies and badde them then remember thys forwardnesse But to hys friends he sayde that before he dyd that he must take out of theyr heartes the feare that was in them for the late losse and to tarrie tyll the fiercenesse of the enimie were abated then dyd he confesse that he had erred in placing his Campe at Dirrachio where all Pompeys preparation was and that it behoued hym to séeke other places and draw Pompey where he myghte haue the lyke wante which when he had sayd he wente straighte to Veâ—ona and from thence to Thâ—ssâ—â—y secretely by night Gâ—mâ—â—â—â—e a little â—â—â—e that woulde not receyue him he tooke in his rage and gâ—ue it to his souldyers to spoyle The Souldyers that had bin long â—â—â—â— filled themselues of all things excessiuely and were â—râ—â—â—â—e â—â—â— of measure especiallyth Germanes were â—â—â—ted atfor their drâ—â—â—â—â—nesse And now againe it was thought that Pompey â—â—gâ—â—e haue come on and done some notable feaâ—e but he by negligence â—iterly omâ—â—teâ— to stirre till Caesar had marched seaue â—â—ayâ—s â—â—d camped at Pharsalia In Gomphie they say was seene a notable chance dead bodyes of noble old men did â—e openly in a â—hrsâ—tâ—ans shoppe with cuppes in their hands without woundâ—â— â–ª â—â— â–ª he number of twenty as though they hadde bin muâ—â—ed to â—â—â—â—â— king lying all vpon the ground and one â—â—â—â—g in a chayre as a Phisition that gaue them the poâ—â—on of execration Pompey made a counsell concerning Caesar â–ª â—â—â—â—â—ing Aâ—â—â—nius was in opinion that the Naâ—y which was great should be sent against Caesar they being Lords of the Sea he â—â—â—ghte â—â— off things from hym being in want and in a wandring iourney and that Pompey hymselfe should leade the army â—â— the lande â—â—to Italy whiche was yet enclyned vnto him and voyâ—e of enimyes and so being Lorde of it France and Spaine he mighte deale with Caesar at home from the principall parte But he neglecting â—â—â—s that had bin best to haue bin done followed them that said that Caesars army by and by would forsake him for famine or not long lyke to hold out for the victory wonne at â—urazzo whereas â—â—â—trarywise it should be a great shame to leaue Caesar fleeyng and that he that had ouercome should seme to flée as hough he were ouercome He giuing place to these reasons and for the regarde that he had of the nations of the East that depended vpon hym and fearing least Luciâ—â— Scipio should receyue any harme in Mâ—cedoniâ— and before all hauing a mind to vse his army that was so couragious to fight he remoued and set his Camp against Caesar at Pharsalo about foure miles asunder To Pompey victual was brought froÌ„ euery place for the wars the portes and storehouses were so open vnto him that by land he lacked nothing and by sea whatsoeuer winde blewe it serued his turne Caesar â—adde onely suche foode as he â—â—ulde get by dayly force and yet n 〈…〉 diâ— forsake him but by a diuine instinct required they â—â—gâ—te gyue â—aâ—tell thinking themselues to be farre better than the â—thâ—â— yoâ—g Souldyoures bycause they had serueâ— in the wâ—â—â—es tâ—uâ—e yeares togither But now to spende the tyme in making of mountes and treaches and cariage of victuall they were the weaker bycause of theyr age therefore it was better to trye all at once with laâ—oure then by idlenesse to punishe with famine When Pompey vnderstoode this he thought it daungerous to dealâ— wyth suche experse men that cared not for themselues and to aduenture all at one worke againste Caesars â—obâ—e fortune He thought ii surâ—r and lesse daÌ„gerous to coÌ„sume them wtth wante hauyng no power to be reléeued by land nor no vse of the Sea nor not a Shyppe to conuey themselues away at a neede Thus hée determined by very good reason to delay the warre and to drawe them from famine to famine but the greater number of Senatoures and of them calleâ— Gentlemen that were most honored the Kyngs and Princes that were with him â–ª some for lacke of experience some for foolishe hardynesse for theyr victory at Durazzo some bycause they were greater in number and some bycause they woulde râ—ther haue a short conclusion than an honorable ende and some bycause they were wéery of the warre all exhorted him to the fyghte shewyng that Caesar dyd alwayes prouoke hym and inuite hym to it but he dyd vse that reason against themselues for to Caesar it was necessary so to doe but to them delay til occasion was muche better for néede droue Caesar to doe as hée dyd But beeyng styll incensed by all the armye that was waxed proude for the victorye at Durazzo and by the best sorte that obiected ambition vnto hym and therefore of purpose was so slowe that hée myghte beare rule ouer so many as good as hymselfe and therevppon called him Kyng and Agamemnon â–ª bycause hée commaunded Kynges in the warre hée left hys owne consideration and gaue place to theires God striking him now and all the rest of that warre He grew sickly and slowe contrary to his
toke shippe at night and sayled forth not shewing whether only commaunding the captaines in the night to follow the light of his shippe and in the day the flag of the same to the maister whereof he commaunded after he had sayled a good way to set his course toward Alexandria and so being thrée days vpon the sea he came thither In thys place he was wel receiued of the kings officers the king being yet at mount Gassius Caesar at his comming pretended to haue nothing ado bycause of his fewe men but went about the Citie to beholde the beauty therof stood and heard the Philosophers disputations wherby he wanne muche loue and good fauour of the Alexandâ—â—â—â—s being among them as one hauing nothing to do But when his army was come hée layde handes vppon Photinus and 〈…〉 and put them to death for the wickednesse done to Pompey Therdotus fled into Asia whome Cassius founde there and caused to be hanged The Alexandrians were offended herewith and sette vppon him with the kings army that was there and made many fights with hym about the kings Palaice and at the sea banke where Caesar was driuen to take the sea and to swimme a good way The Alexandrians tooke hys cloake and bare it vp as a token of victory His last battell was wyth the Kyng hymselfe at the floude Nilus where he ouercame him and restored the kingdome to Cleopatra after he had bin nine moneths there Then he sayled vppon Nilus with foure hundred shippes in company of Cleopatra for whose pleasure he did many things all the whiche be particularly tolde in my booke of Egiptian matters He could not abide to behold Pompeys heade that was brought vnto him but commanded it to be buryed he also builded a little Temple before the Citie which was called the Temple of Reuengement the which in my tyme when Traiane the Emperoure did make warre against the Jewes was pulled downe of them to serue some turne in the warre When Caesar had done these things in Alexandria he wente wyth hys army thoroughe Syrta againste Pharnace who had bin very busy and taken diuerse of the Romaine Prouinces and gotten one victory of Domitius lieutenante to Caesar by the which growing stoute he tooke Amyso a Citie of Pontus allied to the Romaines all the people whereof he solde as slaues and made their children Enuchs but when Caesar came he fled as farre as he coulde and sent to Caesar for peace by hys Ambassadors who brought him a crowne of golde and offered foolishlye the Kyngs daughter in marryage to hym He perceyuing their presentes and messages wente on wyth his army entertayning the Kings Ambassadors with ordinary talke till they came nighe where he was encamped and then he said shall not this murtherer of his father bée yet killed then he leaped on horse And at the first charge Pharnace fled awaye and Caesar ouerthrewe the moste parte with a thousand horsemen that with the firste did kéepe in chase with hym At thys Caesar saide with a loude voice O happy Pompey that haddest to do with such meÌ„ of war as Mithridates this mans father was therby both to be thought and called Great Of this fight hée sent thus to Rome I came I sawe I conquered Pharnace was content to go to the kingdome of Bosphorus which Caesar appoynted him Caesar spent no time in trifles so many battels yet remayning behinde he went into Asia and by the waye gathered money of the Cities that were troubled wyth them that tooke paymentes of the Tributes as we haue shewed in our booke of Asia Now word was brought hym that there was sedition raysed in Rome and that Antony his lieutenaÌ„t did kéep the common place wyth an army Therefore setting all thinges aside hée made haste to Rome Whither when he was come all ciuill discorde ceassed but another began among his souldiours bycause they had not yet neyther receiued the promise made for theyr seruice at Pharsalo nor that it was reasoÌ„ that they shoulde be still kept in war therfore they cried euery man to go home He had promised theÌ„ rewards at Pharsalo and other rewardes when the war of Libya should be ended Therfore he sent them a thousand drammes apéece with a promise of more They bad him promise no more but pay al out of hand And it lacked but little that they had not killed Crispus Salustius had he not shifted away When Caesar hearde this he commanded the legion that Antony had for the guarde of the Citie to kéepe aboute his house the entry of the Citie fearing spoile and hée verye boldly all men fearing and diswading him from the rage of the souldiors went among them as they were in mutinie in the field of Mars and not being perceyued was set in the high seate They confusedly and with tumulte came running vnarmed as the maner is to salute the Generall when he commeth firste among them he commaunded theÌ„ that if they had any thing to say there touching the gifts they shoulde speake it before his face whiles hee was present they durste not speake a word for feare but taking a meane way cryed to be released of the war hoping bycause â—e had néede of men to finish the rest of his wars he would haue saide somewhat of the giftes But he contrarie to all opinion without any stay answered I discharge you They being astâ—med hereat and standing in a great silence he saide againe And I wil giue you all that I haue promised you when I shall triumphe â—â— the rest This word vnlooked for appearing so curteous did strike in them suche a consideratioÌ„ with an emulation that they thoughte it a shame to forsake their Capitaine in the middes of his enimies and that others shoulde triumph in their places They remembred what losse they should haue by leauing the warre in Libya and be thought enimies aswell to Caesar as to hys aduersaries for this doubt they remained silent in feare hoping yet that Caesar woulde haue giuen them rewarde and forgyuen them the faulte for hys present néede but he sate as silent as they Therefore hys friends wished him to say somwhat vnto them not to leaue them that so oft had serued hym with so shorte seuere a spéech He began to speake call theÌ„ Citizens in stead of souldiers which was a token they were discharged of y war become in their former priuate case This they could not suffer but cryed that they did repent and prayed they mighte be taken to the war Caesar refused it and came from the seate Then they made greater instaunce beséeching hym that if they hadde done amisse to punishe them he stayed a while neither going forward nor backewarde séeming to doubt what to do yet hée returned and sayde hée woulde punishe none of them but that it grieued him that the tenth legion whiche he had alwaies loued and
Citie and of Antony the Consull leaste he would vse the people only leauing the Senate and worke them some displeasure being thus bestad they wente to the Capitoll with the swordeplayers where consulting what was best to be done it seemed good to giue a largesse to the people hoping that if some beganne to prayse their act the other wold folow for loue of liberty and the desire of common wealth for they thoughte y people of Rome to be as sincere now as they had heard it was when olde Brutus expelled the Kings not vnderstanding that they loked for two things contrarye in themselues that they that loue libertie and would be corrupted should be profitable to them at this present wherof the one was more easie to be had as in a state for the most part corrupted for now the people was mirt with strangers a libertyne was equal with a Citizen the fashion of a seruant like to the maisters for y Senate ercept the rest was indiffereÌ„t to the seruantes Further y distribution of corne which was vsed only in Rome to be giuen to y poore had brought that idle néedie vacabonds of Italy to Rome Again a nuÌ„ber of olde worne souldiers out of wages were not deuided into their couÌ„tries as they wer wont seuerally bicause some had serued in vniust wars but would go into coÌ„mon habitations take other mens land houses remayning togither in teÌ„ples coÌ„mon places vnder one baÌ„ner one chiefe that might apoint theÌ„ a prouince selling away their own to be the more redy to go they were sone bought for reward Therfore it was not hard for Cassius to gather a nuÌ„ber of such men bring them into the coÌ„mon place albeit they were hired yet durst they not prayse that was done for feare of Caesars glory others deuotion but for the coÌ„mon welth sake they cried for peace earnestly exhorted the rulers vnto it for thys was the deuise of the kyllers to worke theyr owne safetye And there coulde bée no peace vnlesse there were a forgetting standyng in these termes Cynna a Pretor and a kinsemanne by maryage to Caesar beyonde all opinion came among them hauing on hys vesture of office which he threw of as giuen him of a Tiran and called Caesar the Tiranne and them that kylled hym killers of a Tiranne and praysed the facte as moste like to their progenitours and that those men were to be called from the Capitoll and to be honoured with dew rewardes This Cinna sayde but they séeing the vncorrupted people was not myxte wyth them did not call them from the Capitol nor did anye thing else but onely exhorted to peace Then Dolabella a yong man and a noble appointed to be Consull after Caesar had ben gone for the reste of the yeare hauing on the garment of a Consul and the Maces of his office was the second that spake euill and pretended he was priuie to the deuise and only sorte that his hand was not at the doing of it and as some saye hee decréed that that daye shoulde be honoured as the byrth day of the Citie Then the hyred men toke harte when they saw both a Pretor and a Consul to forgiue them they called Cassius and the rest out of the Temple who were glad of Dolabella a yong noble man a Consul being most méete to match with Antony only there came downe Cassius and Marcus Brutus with his bloudy hand for they had striueÌ„ who should giue Caesâ—r moste woundes and when they were amiddest the people they spake nothing humbly but as in noble and euident things one praysed another calling the Citie now blessed attributing muche to Decimus that in so fitte a time bad serued them with swordplayers Then they stirred the people that they woulde do things worthy their auncestours whiche had expelled kings not reigning by violence as Caesar did but being chosen lawfully they also propouÌ„ded that Sextus Pompey sonne to Pompey the greate that hadde made warre agaynste Caesar for the common wealth myght be called home beyng yet in armes in Spayne againste Caesars Captaines and lykewyse Câ—setius and Marulâ—â—s that were depriued and banished by Caesar being Tribunes of the people When they hadde thus sayde they wente vppe againe to the Capitoll for they dyd not truste verye muche in that multitude Then their friendes and kinsfolke might repaire vnto them into the Temple of whom they chose the most auntient to send to Lepidus and Antony for reconciliation and regarde of libertie and to saue the Countrey from the euils that might growe vnlesse they be foreseene This much did the messengers require not praysing the thing that was done for they durst not to Caesars friends but desired to haue it borne with for the worthynesse of the doers not for hate to him but for the loue of their countrey and pitie of the Citie nowe consumed with continuall sedition of whiche one more would vtterly destroy all good men of the same and that it was not right that for any hate amongst a few they shoulde worke the publike destruction but rather that for publike commodities priuate enmities mighte be wiped away Antonius and Lepidus as I sayde minded to reuenge Caesars deathe eyther for friendships sake or for a practise betwéene them or for desire of rule and thynkyng all things would be the easier to them if such notable men might be ridde out of the way yet they feared their friendes and theyr kinsfolkes and the Senate that enclined to them and most of all Decimus whome Caesar hadde appoynted to gouerne France theyr neyghboure whereby he hadde a mighty armye Therfore they thought it best to tarry for a better occasion and deuise to gette Decimus army that was so valiant and expert with laboures neuer left Hauing this fetch Antony thus aunswered the messengers For priuate displeasure we will worke nothing but for offence and matter wherein we are all sworne to Caesar to bée kéepers of his body and defend it against violence it is requisite by our oth to follow the fact that is done and the rather to lyue with a few pure than all to be in daunger of those execrations yet for their honor that be of that opinion we will debate with you in the Senate house and take the way for the Citie that by common consent shall séeme good Thus Antony aunswered safelye They gaue thankes and departed with sure hope that al should haue gone well and that the Senate woulde haue fauoured their cause throughly â–ª Antony in the meane time caused the officers to make watche for the Citie all nighte and by turne to kéepe their seates as was wante in the daye and to haue fires ouer all the Citie by meane whereof the friends of the offendoures went to euery Senatoures house and requested them for themselues and for the Countreys common wealth There ranne abroade also the Captaynes of suche
he had saide thus he pulled vp his gowne lyke a man beside hymselfe and gyrded it that he might the better stirre his handes he stoode ouer the Litter as from a Tabernacle looking into it and epening it and firste sang his Himne as to a God in heauen And to confirme he was a God he held vp his hands and with a swift voice he rehearsed the warres the fights the victories the nations that he had subdued to his Countrey and the great â—ooties that he had sent making euery one to be a maruell Then with a continuall crie This is the only vnconquered of all that euer came to hanâ—s with hym Thou quoth he alone diddest reuenge thy countrey being iniured 300. years those fierce nations that onely inuaded Rome only burned it thou broughtest them on their knées And when he had made these and many other inuocations he tourned hys voice from triumphe to mourning matter and began to lament and mone him as a friend that had bin vniustly vsed did desire that be might giue hys soule for Caesars Then falling into moste vehement affections vncouered Caesars body holding vp his vesture with a speare cut with the woundes and redde with the bloude of the chiefe Ruler by the which the people lyke a Quire did sing lameÌ„tation vnto him and by this passion were againe repleate with ire And after these spéeches other lamentations wyth voice after the Country custome were sung of the Quires and they rehearsed again his acts his hap Then made he Caesar hymselfe to speake as it were in a lameÌ„table sort to howe many of his enimies he hadde done good by name of the killers themselues to say as in an admiratioÌ„ Did I saue them that haue killed me This the people could not abide calling to remembraunce that all the kyllers only Decimus except were of Pompeys faction and subdued by hym to whom in stead of punishment he had giuen promotion of offices gouernments of prouinces armies thought Decimus worthy to be made his heyre son by adoption and yet coÌ„spired hys death While the matter was thus handled and like to haue come to a fray one shewed out of the Litter the Image of Caesar made of ware for hys vody it selfe lying flat in the Litter could not be séene Hys picture was by a deuise turned about .xxiij. wouÌ„ds wer shewed ouer al his body his face horrible to behold The people séeing this pittifull picture coulde beare the dolour no longer but thronged togyther and beset the Senate house wherein Caesar was kylled and set it a fyre and the kyllers that fledde for their liues they ranne and sought in euery place and that so outragiouslye both in anger and dolour as they kylled Cynna the Tribune being in name lyke to Cynna the Pretor that spake euill of Caesar and wold not tarry to heare the declaration of his name but cruelly tore him a peeces and lefte not one parte to be put in graue They caried fire against other mens houses who manlye defending themselues and the neighbours entreating them they refrayned from fyre but threatned to be in armes the next day Wherefore the strikers hid themselues and fled out of the Citie The people returned to the Litter caried it as an holye thing to be buried in an holy place among the Gods but bicause the Priests did deny it they brought hym againe into the common place where the Pallaice of the old Kings were and there with al the bourds tymber which they could find in the place which was muche beside that euery man broughte of himselfe with garlandes and other gifts of priuate persons makyng a solemne shew they buryed the body and abode al night about the fyre In the whiche place at the first was made an Altare but nowe there is a temple of Caesar where he is thought worthy diuine honors For his son by electioÌ„ Octauius taking the name of Caesar disposing the state after his example which then takyng the beginning he excéedingly aduancing to the degrée it is now did thinke his father to deserue honors equall with the Gods the which at this time hauing their originall y Romaines now vse to giue the same to hym that ruleth the estate vnlesse he be a Tyranne or diffamed at his death that in olde tyme could not suffer the name of a Kyng alyue Thus Caesar was killed on the day which they cal the Ides of Marche whiche daye of the Moneth the Soothsayer sarde hée shoulde not passe at the whiche he in the morning mocked him saying the Ides be come to whome he aunswered boldlye againe but they be not yet gone Thus hée despising as well the foresayings of this constaÌ„t Soothsayer as all other tokens spoken of before went abroad was killed y lvj yere of his age A man most happy fortunate in al his noble actions and most like vnto Alexander the great for they both were very ambitions and valiant and swifte to execute their enterpryses in perils moste bolde of their bodies most carelesse and did not more trust in Soldiours seruice than in courage and fortune of the which the one in the heate of sommer through places voide of water went to Ammon and ranne ouer the gulfe of Pamphilia of the crosse surgyng Sea fortune staying the ragyng waues whiles he passed and sendyyg hym rayne when he wente by lande he assayde the Indian Sea that was not Nauigable He was the firste that scaled a town and alone mounted the enimies wall alone receyued .xiij. wouÌ„des on his body euer inuincible and alwayes getting victory at the first or the second Battayle He subdued manye barbarous nations in Europe and ouercame the Grecians a valiant people and louing libertie and before him obeying none but Philip that a litle whyle for an honour to appeare in his feates of warre Asia as a man may say he ranged all ouer and briefely for to tell his fortune and Empire as much land as he saw he gotte And conceyuing and determining a Conquest of the rest in his mind he was destroyed To Caesar the Ionian sea gane place in the middest of winter and shewed it selfe cauline to his nauigation He also sayled the Bryttaine Ocean not attempted before and fallyng vpon the rockes of Englande he had the shipmayster runne a shore and â—itte their shippes In an other sea striuing with the streame alone in the night in a little boate he badde the Mayster let the sayles go to the winde and trust more in Caesars fortune than in the Sea. Against his enimses alone he hath lepte many tymes and all the reste haue bin afraide He alone did fighte with the Frenche thirtie times til he had subdued fourtie nations of theÌ„ whiche were so terrible to the Romaines as olde and holy men by lawe were priuiledged from warre except when the French enimie
When Brutus and Cassius wer gone out of the Citie and Antony nowe alone ruled all he coueted the presidentship of some prouince and the armye therof he was chiefly desirous of Syria but knowing he was alredy suspected he thought he should be more if he required any for the Senat had secretly wrought Dolobella to be against him who was the other Consul and always at strife with Antony Antony seing that Dolobella was a yong man and ambitious perswaded him to aske Syria in Cassius place and their army that was made againste the Parthians but not to aske it of the Senate for that was not expedient but of y people by a law He was perswaded by and by and propounded the lawe The Senate aleaged that he brake Caesars actes he answered that the war of Parthi◠was appointed to no man by Caesar and that Cassius who was sent to Syria was the first that had altered Caesars decrées in giuing leaue to them that wer assigned dwellings in the coūtry to sel their portions before twenty yeares determined by law that he could not take it wel being Dolobella not to be thought worthy of Syria before Cassius The Senate persuaded Asprin◠one of the Tribunes to find a fault in the assebly by some tokē hoping that Antony would haue allowed it being Consul and officer of the tokens and stil as they thought at variance with Dolobella The electiō now being come Asprina affirming the tokē to be vnlucky then the maner was to send other into it Antony was angry at the subtilty cōmaunded the cōpanies to make choyce for Dolobella And so was Dolabella made president of Syria and generall of the army against the Parthians and of the legions that Caesar had gathered for this purpose and left in Macedonia This was the first time that Antony séemed to fauoure Dolabella This being done of the people Antony required Macedonia of the Senate thinking they would be ashamed to denye it him séeing Dolabella had Syria and nowe voyde of an office The Senate gaue it him vnwillingly and maruelled that he woulde deliuer the armye that was there to Dolabella whome yet they were glad shoulde haue it before Antony Nowe Brutus friendes thought good to aske Antony other prouinces for Brutus and Cassius so Cyrene and Creta was giuen them or as some saye both Creta and Syrene to Cassius and Bythinia to Brutus And these were the doings at Rome Octauius Caesars sisters nephew was made of Caesar generall of the horsemen for one yeare and this honor Caesar vsed to gyue to his friends from yeare to yeare He being yet yong was sent of Caesar to Velona to apply his booke and to be trayned in feates of warre there to remayne whilest he wente againste his enimies and to exercise himselfe with the bands of Horsemen that came from Macedonia with other great Captaynes of the armie that resorted thither to visit hym as Caesars kinsman whereby he was knowen to many and wanne the loue of the army for he receyued them that came to him with great curtesie Hauing bin now sixe monethes in Velona about the euening it was told that Caesar was slayne in the Senate house of them that he loued best and might doe most with hym Of further matter nothyng being yet tolde he stoode in feare and doubt whether it were the whole publike worke of the Senate or some priuate practise or whether the doers were punished of the more parte or whose acte it was or whether the multitude did ioyne with them After thys his friendes sente to hym from Rome wishing him to goe to the host of Macedonia for his suretie in the which place after it shuld be knowen that it was no common fact he might be a terror to his enimies in reuenging of Caesar and diuers of the Captaynes promised him that if he woulde come to them they woulde sée hym safe His Mother and Philip his Father in lawe wrote vnto him to take nothing vpon him nor to be encouraged remembring that after Caesar hadde ouercome his enimies he was thus vsed of his déerest friendes The priuate life at this prosent was further off from perill and nowe rather to be chosen and if he were with them at Rome he should be well kept Octauius by these persuaded without further knowledge what was done after Caesars deathe embracing the Captaynes sayled ouer the Ionian Sea not taking land at Brunduse bycause he did not trust the army that was there and therefore was well ware but at another Citie not farre off called Lupio where he stayed and receyued aduertisementes from his friends of Caesars deathe of the peoples tumult of the publication of his testamente and of the orders taken and was aduised to beware of Caesars enimies bycause he was named his sonne and heire counselled him not to take the inheritance vpon him But he thinking it a dishonor as wel of this as not to reuēge Caesars death wēt to Brunduse sēdyng afore to search that there should be none of the strikers in anye awaite The army of that place did méete him and receyued him as Caesars sonne where with good courage he made sacrifice and straightway accepted the name of Caesar for the Romaines vsed to giue their name to them whome they made their children by adoption which he did not only admitte but changed his name frō Octauius Octauius sonne to Caesar Caesars sonne which continued till his ende By and by was there great repaire of mē to him some as Caesars friendes some as his seruantes and fréemade men and some souldioures with them some bringing preparation money toward Macedonia and some other reuenues of other prouinces to Brunduse He then trusting vpon the multitude that came vnto him and in Caesars glory and in the beneuolence of all mē to him tooke his iourney toward Rome accompanyed with a conuenient number which dayly like a streame did increase being safe from open force by the multitude of people not without suspitiō of deceypt bycause all that came with him almost were of newe acquaintāce and euery citie did not fauour him But Caesars souldioures and such as were by his appoyntmēt placed came from the habitations to the fauour of this yong man They lamented for Caesar and complayned of Antony that woulde not reuenge so great a mischiefe affirming that they if any man woulde be their guide would reuenge his death Octauius Caesar gaue them great prayse and willed thē to be quiet for the time and came to Terracina about fiftie miles from Rome where it was told him that Syria and Macedonia was taken from Brutus Cassius by the Consuls and that to comforte them Creta and Syrene were graunted them and that certayne banished men were reuoked and that Pompey was restored and that many were made Senatoures by Caesars determination and diuers other things Being come to Rome his mother Philip and their
other prouinces to them for theyr suretie Néedes must they appoynte one for another but what manner ones Cyrene and Creta voyde of armies whyche they oure enimies in contempte haue lefte as vnprofitable and by violence haue entred the other whyche wée tooke from them Thus was oure armye putte from oure enimies to Dolabella by deuice and sleighte and exchange of other prouinces for where warre was not there must thinges bée done by lawe This béeyng thus broughte to passe and oure enimies gathering another armye I hadde néede of the same my selfe that was in Macedonia yet wanted occasion to require it When the fame came that the Getes woulde inuade Macedonia whyche not béeyng beléeued espies were sente to vnderstande the truth I decreed that no man ought to aske the Dictatorshippe nor to take it though it were gyuen hym By the whych thyng they béeyng chiefly allured appoynted me the armye and then dyd I thinke my selfe equall with mine enimies not these that be euidente as Octauius thynketh but other moe in number greater in power and not yet appearing When I had done this one of the strikers remayned still hard at our sides Decimus Brutus He béeyng a gouernoure of a greate countrey and a mighty armye verye bolde I deuised to take hys prouince from hym yet wyth a regarde of the Senate promising to delyuer Macedonia voyde of armye The Senate takyng the thyng euill and perceyuing some deuice to bée hadde what and howe greate matter was written to Decimus you knowe and to stirre the Consulles agaynste mée wherefore wyth the more boldenesse dyd I practise to wynne that prouince not by the Senate but by the people and lawe and to haue the armye of Macedonia come to Brundâ—sâ— to vse at all oportunities â–ª and with the Gods help we will vse them as necessitie shall compell vs Thus from muche feare wherein we were at the first we be turned into safetie of them that haue to doe wyth vs and into boldnesse agaynste oure foes whose courage beginnes to shrinke and ours to increase You sée what repentance they make of their decrées and what payne it was to mée to take France gyuen to another man You knowe what they wrote to Decimus and what they persuaded the Consuls agaynste me for that matter but wyth the Gods of oure Countrey wyth dutifull mynde and wyth oure valiante actes by the whyche Caesar was a conqueroure wée wyll reuenge him labouring with our bodyes and counselling wyth oure mynds These thyngs O Souldioure fellowes I woulde haue secrete although howe I haue done them I haue tolde you with whome I will participate all thyngs both in worde and déede the which you may shewe to any other that do not knowe it onely Octauius except who is most vnthankefull to vs. When Antony hadde thus saide it séemed to the Captaynes that he had done all things with great art and policie to deceiue the quellers whome he hated and therefore they were desirous to reconcile them with Caesar once agayne and persuaded them to méete in the Capitoll Not long after Antony did cause some of his gard to be apprehended by his friendes as entised by Octauius to destroy him eyther to discredite Octauius or for that he thoughte it true learning it of such as were sente to hys Campe. He declared this to be done by all coniecture to dispatche hys person whiche matter béeyng quietly heard caused muche adoe and indignation among the people A fewe that were grounded vppon reason were glad that Antony myghte doe Caesar good and also hurte at hys pleasure bycause hée was terrible to the strikers and if hée were once dispatched they myghte wyth the more securitie doe theyr feates bycause the Senate chiefly fauoured them Thus the wyser sorte did thinke but the multitude séeyng that despight and hynderance was dayly offered to Octauius they thoughte it not vnlike to be a calumniation and yet supposed it not good nor honest that Antony beyng Consull shoulde bée in daunger of hys person Octauius Caesar with greate anger and furie wente among them that were of thys opinion and cryed that hée was circumuented of Antony for the frendshyppe that he onely had with the people and ranne to Antonyes house and there he exclaymed and called the Gods to witnesse with all execrations and othes prouoking hym to come to tryall and bycause no bodye came to hym he sayde to hys friendes I am contente to bée iudged by hys owne people And with that he brake in at the dores but béeyng kepte backe he sware and rebuked them that kepte the gates bycause they stopped hym from making further tryall wyth Antony He wente hys way and protested to the people that if any hurte came vnto hym it shoulde come by Antonyes meanes Hauyng spoken this with greate vehemencie it gréeued the people and some of them repented of theyr former opinion Some stoode in doubte and â—usted neyther of them Some thoughte it a dissimulation betwéene them the better to bryng to passe that they had agréed vpon in the Temple againste their enimies and some thought Antonie deuised it to haue a greater garrison about him and to turne mens good will from Octauius Nowe was there secrete intelligence gyuen to hym that the armye at Brunduse and the ordinarie Souldioures were angrye with Antonie bycause he neglected Caesars death and that they woulde reuenge it to their power and that Antonie was gone in hast to Brunduse for this cause Octauius was afrayde least he returning with his armye shoulde finde hym vnprouided He tooke mony and wente to Campania to winne the Cities that were inhabited by such â–ª as had serued his father and first he persuaded Celatia and Silio two Townes about Capua He gaue euerie man fiue hundred drammes and had tenne thousande menne neyther armed nor distributed into due bands and order but only as a gard of his person vnder one ensigne They in the Citie were afrayde of Antonies commyng with his army and when they heard that Octauius was comming with another they were in a double feare and some tooke it well that they mighte vse Octauius against Antony Some that sawe theyr reconciliation in the Capitoll thought it but a dissimulation and a recompence of the one to be in authoritie and the other to persecute the quellers In thys disquietnesse Carnutiw the Tribune enimie to Antony and friende to Octauius wente to knowe the truth whyche béeyng done hée declared to the people that there was playne variance betwéene Antony and Octauius and that it stoode them in hande to make Octauius theyr friende séeyng they had none other armye to resist Antonyes Tyrannie When he had sayde thus he willed Octauius to enter who lay a little withoute the Citie at the Temple of Mars Hée dyd so and came to the Temple of Iupiters chyldren about the whyche the Souloioures stoode with theyr weapons openly Carnutius spake firste against Antony Then Octauius hymselfe reuiued the memorie
the olde Souldioures that then serued were counted twice so good as the yong So hadde Antony an armye of foure legions of experte Souldioures beside suche as bée wonte to followe as venturers and the olde guarde of hys person wyth other nâ—we chosen Lepidus in Iberia hadde thrée legions Asinius Pollio twoo and Plancus in further Fraunce thrée all the whyche séemed to take Antonies parte Octauius Octauius Caesar had twoo choise legions that wente from Antony â–ª one of yoÌ„g souldiors and two of them that serued him first neyther full in number nor furnished in armoure yet supplyed of the newe commers He gathered these togither at Alba and sent them to the Senate They dydde so muche reioice in Octauius as a man myghte doubte that anye dydde before honoure Antony yet were they not content that the legions that went from hym shoulde goe to Octauius and not to them Neuerthelesse they praysed them and Caesar promising shortly after to determine by decrée what was to bee doonc when the newe Magistrates hadde theyr offices It was euident in the ende that they woulde bend against Antony and bycause they had no army and coulde gather none wythout the Consuls auctoritie they deferred all till the newe election Caesars army offred him Maces and Sergeants prepared and prayed him to take vpon hym the Lieutenantship and leading of their warre they being euer vsed to such auctoritie He thanked them for the honoure but referred the matter to the Senate them that wolde haue gone by heaps for this purpose he forbad and staied them that would haue sent Ambassadours that the Senate quoth hée maye take order for it of themselues vnderstanding of your offer and my refusall They hardly beeyng contented this waye and the Capitaines construing it as men had in some suspition he declared vnto them that the Senate dyd not rather encline to him for good will than for feare of Antony and want of army til we quoth he haue dispatched Antony The murtherers being friends and kinsemen to the Senate wil gather power for theÌ„ whych I perceyuing wil pretend to obey them And this is not to be disclosed for if we take power vppon vs they will call it violence and contumelic but if wée make daunger of it they will peraduenture giue it vs fearing otherwise wée shal haue it by you When hée hadde thus sayde hée sawe the twoo legious that came to him from Antony shewing the shape of battayle contending together in as vehement wise as thoughe they hadde béene fighting indéede kylling onely excepted and hée béeing delighted with this feate and glad to take the occasion didde gyue to euery man other fiue hundred drammes and if anye necessitye by the warre shoulde followe hée promised to them hauing the better hande fyue thousande drammes a man. Thus did Caesar with liberalitie of rewarde winne them that were hys hyred menne and these were the dooyngs in Italy In Fraunce Antony commaunded Decimus to go into Macedonia to obey the people and saue himselfe Decimus sente him the letters of the Senate verye well written signifying that as well oughte hée to obey the Senate as he the people Antony appoynted hym a daye when hée woulde vse hym as an enimie Decimus required hym to appoynt a longer daye to hymselfe that hée shoulde not too soone be made an enimye to the Senate Antony that was too good for hym in the fielde yet thoughte it better to goe vnto the Cities and they receyued hym Decimus béeyng afrayde that hée shoulde not when hée would enter anye of them fayned he hadde receyued letters from the Senate to returne to Rome wyth hys army and so as one goyng home into Italy he was receiued in euery place But when he came to Mutina a plentifull Citie he shutte the gates and commaunded the Citizens to bring all thynges foorthe that was necessarye for foode and caused al their beasts to be kylled and poudred for feare the siege woulde laste long and so he tarryed for Antonies comming Hys armye was a number of Sworde-players and thrée legions armed whereof one was of new Souldiours withoute experience the other two of former seruice and very faithfull to hym Antony with anger came againste Decimus and caste a trenche aboute the Cittie and so was Decimus besieged In Rome the Consuls according to the yeare being chosen dydde straighte assemble the Senate with sacrifices in the Temple agaynste Antony Cicero and his friends did require he might be iudged an enimie bycause he by force of armes didde take the Prouince of France contrarie to the Senats pleasure to trouble hys countrey and bycause he had brought that army into Italie that was appoynted hym againste the Thracians They alleadged also againste hym that after Caesar he sought to rule being armed in the Citie with so many band-leaders and vsing his house as a forte full of Souldiours and Ensigns and in all hys dooyngs more insolent than became a yearely officer Lucius Piso one that fauoured Antonies faction and a man verye notable among the Romaynes and other that fauoured Piso for Antonies cause required hée myghte bée called into iudgement bycause it was not the manner of theyr countrey to condemne anye manne before hée were hearde nor conuenient that hée that was yesterdaye a Consull should thys daye be an enimy especially hauing bene so ofte praysed bothe of Cicero and of other The Senate stoode doubtfull in the cause all the night The nexte day in the morning béeyng agayne assembled the Ciceronians wyth greate instaunce hadde decréede Antony an ennimye hadde not Saluius the Tribune dissolued the counsell till the nexte daye In these offices hée hathe moste power that maye prohibite The Ciceronians dydde spitefully laboure againste hym and ranne among the people to styrre them vppon hym and cited Saluius to aunswere He wythoute feare came foorthe till the Senate stayed hym fearing leaste he should incense the people to drawe them to the memorye of Antonie they were not ignoraunte that they condemned a noble manne wythout iudgement nor that the people had gyuen hym France but for feare of the strykers they were angry with hym bycause he first brake the lawe of Obliuion therefore they chose Octauius agaynst him before who not being ignoraunt therof was desirous to dispatch Antony The Senate being thus affected the voyces notwithstanding were deferred to the Tribunes Yet it was determined that Decimus shoulde be praysed for that he had not giueÌ„ place to Antonie in Celtica And that Caesar with the Consuls Hircius Pansa should ioyne with such armies as he now had that an Image of gold should be made to honour him that he might giue voyce among the Senatours and be allowed to be Consull ten yeares before the lawe and that the legions that went from Antony to him shoulde haue as muche giuen them of the Treasure as Caesar had appointed to them after the victorie all the
Martialls Souldioures and fyue other bandes they wente vppon the made way being cleare of ennimyes and beholde the Fenne on euerye syde and when they sawe the stirring of the réedes and some glittering of tergâ—ts and headpéeces they began to suspect when as the chiefe band of Antony sodainelye appeared afore them The Martiall legion being on both sides beset and hauing no roomth to shifte abroad forbad the newe souldiours to take anye paines wyth them leaste for lacke of experience they shoulde trouble them they placed Caesars thiefe bande againste Antonies and they diuiding themselues to twoo encountred with bothe legions Pansa was Capitaine of the one parte and Carsâ—leius of the other And bycause there was two Fens there was two fights and bycause of the straight place the one could not sée the other and vppon the verye waye the two chiefe bandes beganne another fight betweene themselues Antonies men entended to be reuenged of the Martialls bycause they were fugitiues and to vse them as traytoures The Martialls woulde bée reuenged of them as suspected of theyr fellowes deathes at â—â—unduse Béeyng thus priuie one to anothers doings and that they were the strength of eyther armye they hoped by thys onely feate that the warre woulde be determined The one was ashamed that two legions shoulde be ouercome of one the other sought glorye that one legion shoulde defeate two and so they ioyned battel for anger and emulation â–ª rather of themselues than of their Capitaynes trying now their owne matter And for their experience they neyther made crie as though they had not stroken one another nor in the fight any of them vttered anye voyce neither when he had the better nor when he had the worse They fetched no compasse nor course but stoode firme as in Fennes and ditches where they could not one put another backe but with their shorte swords they clasped togither as in a wrestling place No blowe was giuen in vaine â–ª but either woundes or slaughter followed and only sighes in steede of voice He that fell had straight another putte in hys place There was no néede of exhortation or calling on euerye man by his owne experience was a Captayne to hymselfe And when they had ouerlaboured they woulde staye to take breath as men do in places of exercise and straighte close agayne The young souldiours stoode in a maze to sée thys feate doone with so good order and silence all these continuing beyond mans nature the chiefe band of Caesar was all slaine The Martialls vnder Carsuleius hadde rather the vpper hande of their enimies who not disorderedly but in ray withdrew theÌ„ selues They vnder Pansa dyd abide it out and equally stoode to it on bothe sides till Pansa was wounded with a darte in the belly and was caried to bononia Then they at the firste retyred in order but after they turned more swiftely as flying which when the yong Souldiours sawe they fled with confusion and crie to the campe which Torquatus the Pretor had prouided whyles they were fightyng foreséeing the néede of it to the whiche the new Souldiours ran with great violence beyng Italians as well as the Martials but exercise maketh them of one nation so much to differ in vertue The Martials dyd not enter the trench for dishonour but stoode before it and weary though they were remayned ready to resist any assaulte and to abide the ende of the matter Antony dyd not touche the Martialles bycause he knewe them valiant but the young Souldiours he chased and made greate slaughter among them Hirtius at Mutina hearyng of the fight beyng aboute eyght myles distant came in baste with the other legion that was fled from Antony The sunne was now goyng downe and Antonies Souldiours hauing the victory went singing to their camp Hirtius appeared to them he beyng in good order with one legion sounde and valiante and they out of order Wherefore of necessitie they placed themselues in due sort and shewed many valiant and noble feates but although they were coragious yet beyng weary they were ouercome of the other that were freshe and the most parte slayne of Hirtius in this feate albeit he did not folow them for feare of the Fennes and the night comming on did seuer them The Fenne in most places was filled with harnesse and dead men and with half dead and wounded They that were safe dispaired of themselues for wearinesse But the horsemen of Antony rode about al night and gathered them togither some they caried themselues some they brought home on horsebacke some they badde take holde by the horse tayle to goe the faster and séeke to saue themselues Thus Antony hauyng fought very nobly loste his force by the commyng of Hirtius wherefore he abode in a village in the fielde without a campe The Village is called French Market The halfe of eyther syde was slayne and Câ—sâ—rs bande of his person vtterly destroyed Of Hirtiâ—s Souldioures few were left all the which the nexte morning remoued their Camps to Mutina After this losse Antony determined no more to giue battell to hys enimies nor to admitte any attempt to the same but with his Horsemen only to molest them daye by day till he had gotten Decimus to yéelde being driuen by hunger For this cause Hirtius and Caesar the rather prouoked hym to fight and whereas they did perceyue that Antony woulde not come forth keeÌ„pyng his men in order they went to the other side of the Citie whych bicause it was the harder to approch was the lesse kept y with their whole army they myght enter by force Antony made resistance only with his horsemen but they being put backe by other horse and the army passing as it would Antony was afraid â–ª of the Citie and brought forth two legious They glad of thys retired and foughte with them and whilest Antony from other campes sent for mâ—â— legions as in a troubled time of so greate and suddayne attempt the whiche being long a comming Caesars men ouerthrew Antonies in the fight and Hirtius droue Antony to his Campe where fighting manfully before Antonies Tente he was slayn whose body Caesar louing â–ª in great spéed recouered and gote the Campe till shortlye hée was repulsed by Antony Both of them watched all night in armoure Antony being fallen with this seconde losse streighte after the battell called hys friends to counsell They thought according to his former meaning to kéepe still the sâ—â—ge at Mâ—dena and not to come to anye fight for both the losses were like Hirtius slayne and Pansa hurte In Horsemen he the better and Mutina broughte to extreame want must needes shortly giue ouer Thus his friends thoughte good and it was best indede but Antoniâ— God now striking him was afraide least Caesar shoulde procéede to the obteyning of the Citie as he did the day before or by making walles entrenche hym hauing many pioners for the purpose and then his Horse should do him no good he
the bringers of this gifte he sentâ— secretiye some afore to afraye them whereby they wyth their money fledde awaye When the report of his comming was at Rome great was the trouble and tumulte running hyther and thyther to sende their wiues and children and to carye their chiefe substaunce eyther into the countrey or so the strongest parts of the Citie For it was not throughly known whyther he came onlye to aske the Consulshippe But when they heard that he came as an ennimy wyth an angry armye they were afrayde of al hands The Senate was greatly stroken that they had no power sufficient and as in suche feare happeneth one of them accesed an other some bycause they tooke awaye the army from Antony wyth suche dispight some bycause they had suspition of the Triumphe whiche was but right some for hatred and diuision of the money some bycause he was not appointed the eleuenth manne in the distribution some bycause the rewards were not giueÌ„ neither soone ynough nor ful ynough sayd the army was become their enimy â–ª blamed this contention so much out of season Brutus and Cassius being so farre off and Antonius and Lepidus their ennimies so nygh whome perceyuing to be redy to agrée wyth Caesar made the feare to grow the greater Cicero that before was the great styrrer did nowe no where appeare In euerie manne was maruellous mutation in euerye matter and for the two thousande and fiue hundred drams that shoulde be giuen to two legions to giue fiue thousande drammes to eight legions and in stéede of tenne men to make Caesar the distributour alone and to graunte hym to aske the Consulshippe in his absence Ambassadours went in haste tâ— make thys message with diligence who were not out of the towne before the Senate repented them as they that ougâ—â—â— not so cowardly to be troubled nor to receiue another â—â—ran without bloudshed and that it was not the vse to aske the Consulship by force nor that Captaynes shoulde rule the Countrey at their pleasure and that they in the Citie shoulde arme themselues and alleage the lawes againste them that came to inuade the Countrey and if they woulde néedes procéede rather to suffer the séege till Decimus and Plancus myghte come and better to defend themselues to death than willingly to receyue seruitude without redresse They recyted the olde examples of the Romanes in sufferance and Counsell for their libertie whiche they woulde in no wise giue ouer And when the two legions called from Libya dyd that day arriue at the porte they thoughte that the Gods did exhort them to mainteyne their libertie and repenting now themselues they woulde reuoke all that they had done Cicero now appearing among them Therefore all men that were of age were appoynted to serue The two Legions that came from Libya and wyth them a thousande Horse and one Legion that Pansa lefte them were putte togither all the whiche was deuided One parte kepte the hyll Ianiculo where all theyr money lay Another kepte the passage of the floud by the officers of the Citie deuiding themselues and some hadde broughte their moneys to the porte in Shippes and boates that if they were ouercome they myght escape by Sea. Thus they dyd with greate boldnesse and spéede trustyng thereby to affray Caesar or to moue hym without his army to aske the Consulshippe of them or manfully to defende themselues and that the state myghte change to contrarie fortune whyles they did fyght for their libertie Caesars mother and his sister they coulde not fynde neyther by priuie nor open search wherefore they made a greate stirre béeyng spoyled of so great pledges and thoughte that the Caesarians did not encline to them bycause they had so surely hid them from them Some of the messengers remayning yet wyth Caesar the contrarye determination was tolde him wherefore they departed from him with shame he with the armye béeyng the rather styrred came forwarde wyth greate hast fearing the women myghte take hurte And to the people that was in tumulte he sente hys Horsemen afore willing them no more to bée afrayde whereat euery man reioysing he tooke the places aboue Mount Quirinale no man daryng to encounter or resiste hym Wherefore an other maruelous mutation was séene of the sodayne So many noble menne that wente vnto hym and receyued hym the common people folowyng and vsing the Souldiours in battayle raye as men quiet in peace hée leauyng hys armye in that place the nexte daye came into the Cittie with a sufficient Garde aboute hym they of the Cittie mette wyth hym all the waye on euery side and saluted hym omittyng no parte of humanitie nor humble seruice His Mother and hys Sister from the Temple of Vestae wyth the holy Nunnes ranne out to embrace hym The thrée legions dispising theyr Capitaynes sente Embassadours vnto him to yéelde themselfe Cornutus one of theyr chiefe Capitaynes killed hymselfe the other trusted to hys promisse and fayth Cicero hearyng of these promyses practysed to come before hym by hys friendes whiche beyng done he excused hymselfe and extolled the perswasion that hée had vsed to the Senate for hys Consulshippe he answeared onely with a taunt that he was the laste of hys friendes that came vnto him In the nyghte a sodayne rumour was raysed that twoo legions of Caesars the Martiall and the fourth were reuolted to the Cittie as grieued they should be brought to betraye their countrey The officers and the Senate gaue fayth vnto the rumour very lightly and though the other army was at hand they thought with these menne so valiant they might resist the reste of Caesars hoste till more power mighte come to them from other place And in the nyghte to be sure they sente Acilius Crassus into Picena to gather an armye and they commaunded one Apuleius a Tribune to runne to the people wyth thys ioyful tydings and the Senate that night came to the Counsell â–ª Cicero standing at the dore and receyuing them with greate ioye and gladnesse and when it was knowne it was but a false rumor he fledde his waye in a waggon Caesar laughing at them broughte his armye nygher the Citie to the place called the fielde of Mars He hurt none of the officers not so much as Crassus that was posting into Picene althoughe hee was broughte vnto hym in a seruile habite but spared all to the opinion of hys humanitie albeit not long after he put them to death The common treasure founde in Ianiculo or in any other place be commaunded to be brought togither and al that was afore appointed by Cicero he distributed to his army two thousande and fiue hundred drammes to euery man the residue he promised to giue them When he had done this he retyred from the Citie till the election of the Consuls when he was chosen and with him Q. Pedius as he desired who had left a portion
of Caesars inheritaunce vnto hym Then he came into the Cittie as Consul and sacrifised And there appeared to him twelue Gripes as did to Romulus when he builded the Cittie The sacrifices being ended hée gaue himselfe in adoption to his father according to the lawe Curiate that is â–ª to be confirmed in adoption by the people For the Romaines call Curias companies or wardes of the people deuided as the Grecians do call Phratriae fellowshippes and Fraterâ—iâ—ies This vse among the Romaines was most effectuall in the lawe for them that be without fathers and they may as well as Legitimate children commaunde the kinsefolke and frée made men of them that doe adopte them And it was one of Caius Caesars glories that he had manye riche frée made men and chiefly for this cause peraduenture thys Caesar in his first adoption by testament had néede of this also He dissolued by a newe lawe that Dolobella shoulde not be iudged a rebell and that the lawe mighte procéede for Caesars killing wherefore accusations were written agaynste them by Caesars friends to them as strikers to the other as priuie only for thys was obiected againste some of them and to some bycause they woulde not be seene when Caesar was kylled And to all these a day certayne was assigned by Proclamation when they shoulde appeare to make their annswere all the whiche fayling at the day Caesar himselfe markyng the iudgementes none was parâ—â—â—ed of the faulte but one noble man who then had no hurte but shortly after was condemned to deathe wyth the other And at thys tyme Q. Gallius brother to Marius Gallius Antonyes friende béeyng a Pretor in the Citie dyd desire of Caesar the Lieutenantshippe of Libya whyche when he hadde obteyned he wroughte wyles agaynste Caesar The other Pretors depriued him of hys office and the people and the Senate condemned him to deathe Caesar commaunded hym to goe to hys brother that was wyth Antony and when he had taken Shyppe to goe he was neuer séene after When Caesar had done these greate things he enclined to pacification with Antony When he had hearde that Brutus â–ª hadde twenty LegioÌ„s against that which he would haue Antonyes help he wente out of the Citie towarde the Ionian Sea and makyng small iourneys be tarried to sée what the Senate would do Pedius when Caesar was gone perswaded that before grudge should growe to extremitie they woulde agrée Antony and Lepidus And although they perceyued that this agréement was not for theyr sake nor for their Countrey but onely to helpe Caesar agaynste Brutus and Cassius yet did they by necessitie determine it and reuoked the sharp decrées made against Antonie and Lepidus and all the Souldioures vnder them and to sende them other more fauourable for the whyche Caesar wrote his letters of congratulation vnto them and promised to helpe Antonie againste Decimus if néede were The Senate vsed lyke friendly manner reward him and gaue him their harty thaÌ„kes and Antonie wrote that he would plague Decimus for Caesar and Plâ—nâ—â—â— for himselfe and ioyne with Caesar Thus they wrote one to another Whilest Antonie pursued Decimus Asinius Pollio came vnto him with two Legions and practised to haue him pacifyed wyth Plancus and Plancus with thrée Legions agréed with Antony in so muche as nowe Antony hadde a most myghtie power Decimus hadde tenne Legions whereof foure moste warlike being féebled with hunger were yet vexed with sickenesse Of newe taken there was syxe Legions but vnexperte and fearefull Wherefore Decimus doubting to fyghte determined to flée to Brutus into Macedonia and not to passe by the Mountaynes but by Rauenna and Aquileia And bycause Caesar was comming that waye hée tooke a longer and an harder iourney to passe by Rene and goe to the wilde places of barbarous people where the newe Souldioures oppressed with wante and heate forsooke hym and wente to Caesar and after them the foure Legions of older Souldioures wente to Antony Then to the other multitude the Frenche Horsemen men béeyng the gard of hys person only except he gaue leaue if they woulde to goe euery man to hys owne and gaue them such golde as he hadde so as when he came to the Rene he had but thrée hundred where bycause the passage was hard they all forsooke hym saue a fewe whyche fewe also shortly dyd leaue hym and wyth tenne onely changing hys garmente lyke a French man whose language he coulde speake he wente forthe as one of that nation not with haâ—ty iourneys but easlie to Aquileia thynking with so fewe he myghte wel escape but béeyng taken of Théeues and bounde he asked what Prince was Lorde of that parte they sayde Camillus He muche estéemyng the name of Camillus desired he myght be broughte to hym who when he sawe hym in apparance spake fayre to hym and rebuked the takers that without regard hadde so euill entreated so noble a man but priuily he sent vnto Antony and Antony moued with the mutation coulde not abyde to sée him but willed Camillus to kyll hym and sende hym hys head whyche when he sawe he commaunded it to be buryed Thys ende hadde Decimus a Captayne of Caesars Horsemen â—na by hym made Ruler of olde France and for the yeare to come elected Consull and Gouernoure of the other Fraunce and was the seconde of the kyllers that nexte Trebonius was punished a yeare and a halfe after Caesars deathe And this verye tyme Minutius Basillâ—s one of Caesars quellers also was killed of hys owne seruauntes bycause he had made some of them Eunuches for punishmente ⸪ The ende of the thirde Booke of Ciuill dissentions ¶ The fourth Booke of Appiane of Alexandria of the Ciuill dissentions of Rome THus two of Caesars killers being ouerthrowen in their prouinces had their punishment Trebonius in Asia and Decimus in Celtica Nowe how Cassius and Brutus chiefe of the conspiracie against Caesar were plagued being Lordes of all the lande betwéene Syria and Macedonia hauing mighty power both by Sea and land with twenty armed legtons besyde Horsemen and Shyppes and money at wyll thys fourth Booke of Ciuill discorde shal declare And with the same the inquisitions and the searchers of them that were appoynted to dye by proscription and the lamentable afflictions on euerye syde suche as neyther among the Greeke seditions or tumultes nor among the Romaines themselues hadde bin done by any remembrance sauing onely of Sylla who was the fyrste that by Proclamation condemned hys foes to dye for Marius did onely séeke to punishe them whome he founde but Sylla with greate rewardes and lyke punishmentes of them that did conceale proscribed menne to be 〈◊〉 as they were caughte What Marius and Sylla dyd it is shewed before in that matter nowe the rest shall follow in order Caesâ—r and Antonie of enimies were made friendes aboute the Citie of Modene in a little playne Ilande of the floude Labâ—â—â—â— eache of
them hauyng fyue armed Legions whiche beyng placed one oueragaynste another eyther of them wyth thrée hundred came to the bridges of the Riuer Lepidus béeing come afore to searche the I le made a token wyth hys cloke to them both to come They lefte theyr companyes wyth theyr friendes at the Bridges and came into the myddest to a place that myghte bée séene and sate all thrée downe Caesar in the myddest bycause of his office Two dayes from mornyng tyll nyghte they conferred and made thys determination â— That Caesar should gyus ouer hys Consulshippe and Ventidius receyue it for the rest of the yeare That a newe office shoulde be instituted by lawe for redresse of ciuill troubles and that Lepidus Antonius and Caesar shoulde haue that authoritie for fyue yeares wyth the same power that Consulles haue so it was thought best to name it peraduenture bycause of Antonyes decrée forbiddyng anye man to bée Dictator That they shoulde by and by appoynte the offices of the Citie from yeare to yeare duryng the fyue yeares and diuide the Prouinces That Antony shoulde haue all Fraunce on thys syde the Pirenei Mountaynes excepte that whiche they call olde Celtica That Lepidus shoulde rule that and Spayne That Caesar shoulde gouerne Lybia Sardinia and Sicelie and any other Ilande there Thus did these thrée diuide the Romaine Empire leauing the prouinces beyonde the Sea bycause of Brutus and Cassius that were Gouernoures there That Antony and Caesar should make warre vpon Brutus and Cassius That Lepidus shoulde he Consull for the time to come and remayne in the Citie for all occasions and gouerne Spayne by Deputies That Lepidus shoulde reteyne thrée Legions of his owne army for the defence of Rome That the other seauen shoulde be diuided betwéene Caesar and Antony that Caesar shoulde haue thrée and Antony foure that eyther of them myghte leade twentye Legions to the warre That they shoulde encourage their armyes as well with rewardes of victorie as other giftes as by the promise of eyghtéene Cities of Italie excelling in substance sâ—yle and fayre buyldings and that both landes and houses of the same shoulde be deuided vnto them as though they had bin taken by warre Amongst the rest these were the chiefe Capâ—â— Reggiâ— Venâ—sia Beneuentâ— Nuceria Arimeno and Vibona â–ª Thus were the fayrest partes of Italie assigned to the Souldioures It was also agréed that euery of them shoulde dispatche hys priuate enimies that no trouble myghte come by them after that they vppon these determinations shoulde bée gene farre off to make a long warre out of their Countrey All these thyngs were signed wyth their handes Casar as Consull dyd declare them to the armye â–ª sauyng onely theyr names that were appoynted to dye When the Souldioures hearde it they were glad and embraced togither for ioy These béeyng done many Monsters and terrible tokens were séene in Rome Dogges yéelled like Wolues a fearefull warning Wolues ranne about the common place a beast not wonte to be séene at Rome An Oxe sounded a mans voyce and a childe spake as soone as it was borne Some of the Images sweate Some dyd sweate bloud Greate voyces of men noyse of harnesse and running of Horses were hearde and nothyng séene Aboute the Sunne there were manye vnpleasante sightes Stormes also of stones Continuall lightnings fell vppon the Temples and the pictures For thys cause the Senate sente for Southsayers and Prophetes out of Toâ—â—anâ— the most auntiente of the whyche affirmyng that the olde Kyngs shoulde returne and euery man be in bondage but himselfe alone he shutte his mouth and stopped hys breath tyll he dyed These thrée men beyng thus alone by themselues dyd appoynte them that shoulde dye They suspected some for their power Some they registred as theyr priuate enimies and some theyr owne familiars and friendes they gaue to dye to serue eache others turne both then and afterwarde And so were men condemned one after another some for enemitie some onely for a little offence as for louing hys enimies or hatyng hys friendes or for béeyng too riche bycause they wanted much money to maynteyne the warre Brutus and Cassius receyuing the rentes and Tributes of Asia and béeyng also holpen by the Kynges and Princes there and for asmuche as they were in wante bycause Europe and chiefely Italie was wasted wyth warres and paymentes they dyd put a gréeuous imposition vpon the common sorte of menne and women and made the artificers and workemen to pay them tribute and some was proscribed for the goodnesse of hys lands houses And thus all these were condemned to dye and to bée confiscate whereof there were thrée hundred Senators and two thousande of them that bée called Gentlemen among the whyche were the bréethren and vncles of these that hadde condemned them and some that ruled armies vnder them and as many as hadde displeased them or other that were leaders vnder them And intendyng to condemne the multitude after this conference at theyr béeyng in Rome they appoynted twelue of the suddayne or as some say seauentéene of the chiefest to bée kylled whereof Cicero was one And by and by they sente aboute it and foure were straight kylled at theyr tables or where they were mette the other were soughte in houses and Temples so as there was a sudden trouble al that night among them with cries running and yelling as in a Citie taken For when it was knowen that menne shoulde bée apprehended and no certenty vppon whome the proscription woulde fall euery man thoughte himselfe to bée sought of them that made enquirie Wherefore in this confusion some hadde determined to burne their owne thynges and some to sette publike places all on fyre intending by good reason to doe some notable feate before they woulde suffer And they hadde done it out of hande hadde not Pedius the Consull gone aboute with Proclamation and comforted them to tarrie till the truth were throughly knowen When morning was come Pedius according to the sentence of the thrée men did condemne seauentéene as only supposed chiefe authors of ciuill euils and onely condemned whereof he gaue his faith publikely to the rest not knowing what was done and he for the labour he tooke in the nighte dyed The thrée men Lepidus Antonius and Caesar entred Rome each one by himselfe in thrée seuerall dayes with the gardes of their persons and one Legion a péece â–ª in order of battell When they were come the Citie was full of Souldioures and ensignes placed where was fytte and by and by there was an assemblie in the whyche Publius Tâ—tius Tribune of the people dyd by lawe confyrme the newe rule by the appoyntemente of them presente for fyue yeares of thrée men Lepidus Antonius and Caesar with equall power as Consuls whyche a man myghte call reformers after the Greeke manner and that name the Lacedemonians gaue to them that directed their staâ—e neyther any respite being gyuen for the approbation nor a
speciall daye appoynted for voyces to be vsed Out of hande the lawe tooke place and that nyghte condemnations of thirtis besyde the seauentéene and of one hundred more were sette vp in many places of the Citie and shortlye after another hundred and fiftie and euer some were added more in the booke to them that were firste condemned or kylled as by ignorance that it myghte bée thoughte they were worthy to dye It was ordered that all theyr heads shoulde be brought to the thrée men and a rewarde appoynted A frée mans rewarde was syluer a Seruantes libertie and syluer and who receyued a condemned man or concealed or hindred the search should bée punished with lyke payne and euery man myghte declare agaynste whome hée woulde for the same rewarde The Proclamation was after thys sorte And that all men should suffer their priuate places to be searched Marcus Lepidus Marcus Antonius and Octauius Caesar chosen reformers and directoures of the Common wealthe saye thus If the vnfaythfull euill disposed menne hadde not bene pitied when they néeded and being so had not become enimies of their benefactours and after coÌ„spired against them they had not slayne Caesar whome he tooke by warre and saued by mercy accompted them friends and plentifully aduaunced them with offices honours and giftes nor we should haue ben compelled thus violently to vse them that haue with suche despite made proclamations of treason against vs but now by their euill meanings towarde vs their worse working toward Caesar perceyuing that by humanitie their malice is made obstinate we haue chosen rather to preuent them than to be taken tardy of them Let no man thinke our act vniust cruell or to sore considering what Caesar what we haue suffered at their handes Caesar being chief ruler and prince of holy things Conquerour and ouerthrower of nations most terrible to the Romaines and the first man that beyond Hercules pillers did proue the sea not sayled before and founde lande vnknowen to the Romanes in the middest of the sacred place called the Senate house in the sight of the goodes they haue enâ—ioâ—sly killed with xxiâ—â— woundes whom he tooke prisoners in warre and not onely saued their liues but made some of them heyres of his liuing The reste of them through the same wicked purpose haue sente these detestable offendours in stéede of punishment to the rule of Prouinces and armies whiche they abuse in spoyling of common treasure in gatheryng one army against vs of them and requiring an other of the Barbarians alwayes enimies to this state Certaine Citties belongyng to the Romanes refusing to obey them â–ª they haue burned spoyled or rased others oppressed with their terrible threatnings they force agaynst their countrey and vs Wée haue already punished some of them and by the helpe of God ye shall soone sée the rest haue their iâ—ste deserte The greatest matters touchyng Spayne Fraunce and here at home we haue at our commaundement well dispatched Neuerthelesse wée haue an harde and sharpe worke in hande to make warre agaynst the murderers of Caesar that â—e beyonde the seas and bicause wée shall make this warre abrode we do not thinke it sure neyther for vs nor for you to leaue enimies at home that mighte disturbe vs in our absence and wayfe theyr times as the warre shoulde haue successe neyther to make any delay in this hasty expedition but rather to ridde them at ones they hauyng begonne the warre agaynst vs and iudged vs and our armies traytours to our Countrie not regardyng neyther the enuy of manne nor the reuengment of God in destroying so many millions of their Citizens Wée are not offended agaynst the multitude nor will take them all as enimies that haue bene so to vs nor altogither weigh riches substaunce or dignities nor kill so many as an other chiefe ruler haue done before vs who redressed the Citie in lyke Ciuill dissentions whome for his lucky doings you did call Happie although there muste néedes be more enimies to thrée than one but onely the worste and moste wicked sorte as well for you as for our selfes wée entende to correct otherwise by our contentions you all betwéene vs muste néedes be vtterly destroyed and of necessitie our armie that hath bene so iniuried and despighted as they haue bene proclaimed publique enimies must néedes some way be comforted at our hande And where as wée mighte lay handes vppon the condemned where wée woulde yet we thought it better to pronounce them than at all aduentures to oppresse them and that for your sake least the rage of the Souldiours mighte exceede vppon them that are not touched and that their names beyng comprehended in a certayne number they might leaue the rest by the decrée Then that good Fortune may come by them that be conteyned in this wryting Lette no manne receyue any manne nor hyde nor sende away nor be wonne for money For if any doe saue helpe or be founde pryuye him will we without all excuse and parâ—â—â—ie put among the condemned sorte Of them that shall dryng the heades of suche as they shall kyll before vs a frée manne shall haue xxv thousand drammes of Athens for euery heade a seruaunt shall haue hys lybertie and tenne thousande and hys Maysters place in the Cittie and the same shall they haue that shall enforme and none of theyr names that receyue these rewardes shall bée noted in our bookes that they may not be knowen This was the proclamation of the thrée men as I coulde translate it out of Latine into Gréeke Lepidus was the firste that dyd condemne and the firste of the condemned was Paulus his brother The second that did condemne was Antony and the second that was condemned was his vncle Lucius for they firste condemned these as enimies The thirde and the fourth was of them whiche in an other booke were appoynted to be Consuls in tyme to come Plotius brother to Plancus and Quintus Father in lawe to Asinius and these were not the rather putte before other bycause of theyr dignitie onely but as muche for terrour and desperation that none shoulde hope to be saued Thoranius was among the coÌ„demned men who as some say was Tutor to Caesar By and by after these coÌ„demnations the gates were kept and all other passages and portes of the Cittie Fennes also and Moores and any other place suspected to bée fitte to flée vnto or for them that fledde to be hydden in The Capitaynes of the bandes were commaunded to raunge the fieldes abroade and to searche diligently and all this was done at once Forthwith bothe in the countrie and the Cittie as mennâ— were taken there was greate suddayne slaughter and diuerse kyndes of murders cuttings off of heads to be shewed for rewardes sake Then was there hasty fleyng and vnséemely sight of them that before were goodly to be séene some leapte into puddles some into ditches and sinckes most vncleane some got vppe to the smoky
Antony to haue hir and forthwith was Septimius condemned which thing he learning of his wife and ignorant of his euill at home fledde to hir and she soeming to be carefull to kéepe him shutte the dores and hydde hym tyll the strikers came and in one daye he was kylled and she married Salassus fledde and béeyng wythout hope in the nyghte refurned to the Citie to abydetyll the sharpenesse of the time myghte ceasse He came to his house that was solde and enely his housekéeper who was sold with the house knew him who broughte hym to hys lodge and promised to kéepe hym and hidde him to his power He hadde him call his wife from the other part of the house she aunswering she durst not come fearing hir mayde myghte suspect some what by nyghte sayde she woulde be wyth hym in the morning When day was come she called y strikers The Porter ranne to the house to call his mistresse bycause he thought she tarried too long Salassus béeyng afrayde of his Porters long absence was in doubte of deceyte and wente vp to the toppe of the house from the whyche when he sawe not hys Porter but hys wyfe hrynging the strikers he cast hymselfe to the grounde Fuluius fledde to a woman seruaunte whome fyrste he kepte after made hir frée and gaue a dowrie to marrâ—â— hir she hauing 〈…〉 these benefytes for iclousic of another woman whome he had married betrayed hym These examples may be for euill wiues Statius the Samnite that in the fellowes warre had done many things for the Samnite and for the excelleÌ„cie of his feates bloud and riches being chosen into the Romaine Senafe and nowe foure score yeares of age was condemned for his riches he opened his house to the people and suffered his seruauntes to take what they woulde and something he threwe out till it was voyde then he set it on fyre and shut it and burned in it and the fire did consume many other places of the Citie ◠〈…〉 for the most part kéeping his dores open killed al them that forced to come in one after another at length oppressed with the multitude he alone hauing killed many dyed Vitulinus gathered a greate number of men aboute Reggio of such as were condemned and other fledde with them and from the eyghtéene Cities that were giue in pray to the Souldioures which were gréeuously offended Vitulinus hauing these killed y ordinarie bands that were sent to séeke them till a greater army was sent and then he gaue not ouer but went into Sicelie to Pompey who held that Iland and receyued such as fledde vnto hym where he did serue very valiantly til after many fightes he was 〈…〉 yet hauing sent his sonne and all the condemned men with him to â–ª Messina when hée sawe the shippes to be arriued he fell on his enimies and was cut in péeces Naso being betrayed of a seruant whome he loued and hadde made frée tooke a swarde from one of the souldioures and onely killing the traytour offered himselfe to the strikers A seruante that loued hys Mayster kepte him safe in an hill and went to the sea to hyre him a boate After his retourne perceiuing hys Mayster to bée killed he cried albude vnto him hauing yet a little life staye a white O Mayster quoth he and sodamlye stroke the Capitayne and killed hym then commyng agayne to his Mayster killed himselfe saying O Mayster thou haste receiued comfort â–ª Lucius gaue his golde to two of his moste faithfull seruants whome he had made frée and went to the seâ— where they â—â—â—ting from him hée retourned and not caring for hys lyse offered hymselfe to the quellers Labtenu who in Syllas tyme had taken and killed manye that were then proscribed mighte well be reproâ—ed if he had not suffered the like valiantly He went out of his house â—â—tâ—â— and in his th aire and tarrsed for the killers Castius in the Countrey was hidde of hys good se◠〈…〉 the Souldiors euer running aboute in 〈…〉 〈…〉 â–ª menneâ— heades he coulde not abide the conti 〈…〉 of the fears but badde his seruauntes make a fyre â–ª and if anye maâ—â—e did aske â–ª them saye Cestius was kylled and there buried When they hadde made the fyre reapye hée leapte into 〈…〉 Apponius hiding hymseisr surely coulde abide the euill diet but offered himselfe to the sworde Another willinglye offered himselfe openlye and bicause the strikers tarryed hée shoaked hymself in the middest of them Lucius father in lawe to Asâ—â—â—â—â— then Consull fledde vnto the Sea the tediousnesse whereof not able to abide he leapts into the water Sisinius fléeing awaye and crying that hée was not condemned but followed of them to be betrayed for hys money they brought him to the booke and badde hym reade hye own name whyche when they hadde doone they dispatched him Aemilius not knowing he was coÌ„deÌ„ned séeing theÌ„ follow one another asked y Captayne who was condemned the Captaine lookyng him in the face sayde Thou and he and so killed them bothe Cilo and Decius coming out of the Senate house and knowing they were coÌ„demned and their names in the booke no man folowyng them they fledde vnséemely to the gates and their runnyng be wrayed themselues to the Captaynes Icelus that fauoured Brutus Cassius and Octauius Caesar being present with his armie at the assemblie and other giuyng voyce secretely to their condemnation onely he openly gaue to the absolution and hidde himselfe with great minde and trust of libertie and when he saw a dead body caried foorth he wente among them that bare the bere The warders at the gate perceyuing there were more men than were wonte to beare a corpse hauing no regarde of the bearers searched the bere thinking there had bene no dead maÌ„ in it wherfore the bearers being angry with â—cilius bicause he was none of their coÌ„pany the strikers knew him and killed him Varus beyng betrayde of his frée made man fledde and went from hill to hill till he came to the senne of Minturno in the whiche he toke his rest The Minturnians searching y fenne for a théese the toppes of the réedes wauering bewrayed Varus who being taken he coÌ„fessed he was a felon vpon the whiche he was condemned and ledde away and when he should haue bene racked with the other offendors abborring that vile maner he sayde You of Minturno I warne you neither to racke me nor kill me hauing bene a Consull of Rome and condemned now of the Prmces whiche is more to my honour for if I can not slée it shal be better for me to suffer with mine equals They not beléeuing him and distrustyng hys tale the Captayne came and cut of his head leauing his bodie with them Certen that tooke Largus in the countrie not séekyng him but an other hauing pitie to kill him whom they fought not gaue him leaue to flée into
souldioure to be good to the women He angerly answering him as a Colier knew him notwithstanding for he hadde serued vnder him once in Syria and sayde goe boldly O Captayne for so it becommeth me yet to call thée Scoponius wife obteyned him of Antony and béeyng till that time of good fame did now heale one euill fortune with another Geta his sonne made a fire in the open parte of his house to burie his father that séemed to be dead whome he had hidde in a house in the Countrey newe made where the olde man disguising hymselfe layde a parchment before hys eyes and after the agréement was made he tooke away the parchment but founde his eye out for lacke of vse Oppius sonne minding to tarrie with his olde féeble father bare him on his backe till he was past the gates and the rest of the way partly leading him and partly bearing him he broughte hym safe to Cicelie no man suspecting or troubling the manner of it As they wright that Aeneas was reuerenced of his enimies when he bare his Father Anchises The people of Rome commendyng the young manne caused that afterwarde he was made Chamberlayne of the Citie And bycause hée coulde not beare the charges of his office for that hys goodes were confiscate the artificers fréely gaue hym to supply the same And the people that behelde hys shewes did euery man caste so muche money into the game place as they made him riche Arianus caused to be grauen on his Sepulchre by hys Testament thus Him that lieth here his sonne that was not proscribed did hide being condemned and â—â—eyng with him saued his life Metellus the Father and the Sonne the Father was a Captayne vnder Antonie at Actio â–ª where he was taken prysoner and vnknowen his Sonne serued Caesar and was a Capitaine at the same fielde When Caesar did gyue sentence vppon the captiues at Samo the yong man was presente The olde manne being brought foorth all forlorne with long heare miserie and wante and all transformed by the same when in order of the captiues he was called of the crier hys Sonne lepte from hys seate and embraced his Father whome he scarsly knew with teares and when he had ceased from sorowe hée sayde to Caesar This hath bene thine enimie O Caesar and I thy friende him thou muste punishe and me rewarde I desire thée to saue my Father for mée or lette me die for hym Euery man takyng pittie Caesar commaunded Metellus to be saued though he were hys very enimie and afore despysing many gyftes to be drawne from Antonie The seruauntes of Marcius with good loue and Fortune all the tyme of the proscription dyd kéepe hym within hys house till feare set aside Marcius came out of his house as from banishment Hirtius wyth hys menne fléeyng the Cittie wente aboute Italie deliuered prysoners and gathered them togither that fledde and tooke townes a few at the firste after moe in number till he had a sufficient armie and ouercame a parte of the Brutâ—â—ns from whence sendyng his army he sayled with them al to Pompey Restio that thoughte he fledde alone a Seruaunte followed hym secretelye beeyng broughte vppe of hym and aforetyme well vsed but after for euill conditions branded When Restio rested in a Fenne and did sée this Seruaunte so nighe hym he was afrayde to whome the Seruaunte sayde that hée did not so much remember his present brandes as hée dyd his former benefites and so caused hym so repose in a caue and prouided meate for hym as well as hée couldeâ— and after that the Cane was suspected and Souldyours drewe nighe to Restio where hée was the Seruaunte perceyuyng the matter followed and killed an olde man that passed by and cutte off hys heade the Souldiours beyng angrye and commyng aboute to take the killer hée sayde I haue kylled my Mayster Restio that gaue mée these brandes They tooke the heade to haue the rewarde and caryed it in vayne into the Citie The Seruaunt comforted bye Mayster and sayled with hym into Sicelie Appion restyng in a stable the Souldiours sought hym his seruaunt put on his garment and lay vppon his bedde and willingly receyued death for hys Mayster he sittyng by him in the forme of a seruaunt Memmius house was soughte of the Souldiours one of whose Seruauntes wente into a litter hys fellowes bearyng hym as he hadde bene theyr Maister and béeyng taken he was contente to die for his Maister who fledde into Sicelie Iunius hadde a frée made manne Philemon who hadde a fayre house where hée kepte hys Mayster in a vaughte in whiche they are woonte to laye Harnesse Money or Wrytinges and fedde hym in the nyghte tyll the Peace was made An other frée made man kéepyng the Sepulchre of hys Master did also preserue his Maisters Sonne in the same graue togither with his Father Lucretius wanderyng with twoo faythfull seruauntes for lacke of meate returned to hys wyfe beyng borne in a litter of hys seruauntes into the Citie as a sicke man when it happened that one of the seruaunts had broken hys legge hée wente on with the other tyll hée came to the gates where hys Father afore beyng proscrybed of Sylla was taken The Souldiours commyng aboute hym hée was muche afrayde for the lucke of the place wherefore hée fledde with a seruaunte and was hydde of hym in a graue and chaunsing that robbers of Sepulchers dyd searche graues the seruaunt offered hymselfe to bée spoyled of the robbers whyles the maister fledde to the gates and tarried tyll hys seruaunt came to hym whose garmentes hée put on and wente to hys wyfe vnder whose care beyng kepte hée was hidde betwene twoo beames till hée was pardoned by meanes made for him of some to the thrée menne And after peace was made he had the office of a Consull Sergius was hydde of Antonie hymselfe tyll hée hadde perswaded Plancus the Consull to proclayme hys reuocation agayne In the dissention of Caesar and Antonie when Antonie was declared enimye of the Senate hée onely openly gaue voyce for hys acquitall And thus these were saued Pomponius decked hymselfe lyke a Pretor and hys seruants lyke the Sergeaunts and so went thorough the Citties wyth his maces and Officers rounde aboute hym that hée should not bée knowne and at the gates hée tooke publyque coaches and wente thorough Italie euery manne receyuyng hym and sendyng to hym as a Pretor appoynted of the thrée menne to make truce wyth Pompey to whome also hée came in a publike Galley Apuleius and Aruntius counterfaiting themselues to be Capitaynes and their seruauntes Souldiours ranne to the gates as Capitaynes and pursued others and by the way they deliuered prysoners and receyued suche as came to them so as eyther of them had a sufficient bande with Ensignes and armour and sheâ—â—e of an army And chancing that by diuerse wayes they went toward the Sea
and entred Syria and Macedonia And thus they wroughte When Dolobella hadde kylled Trebonius in Asia and Antonie hadde ouercome Decimus in Celtica the Senate being offended did decrée Antonie and Dolobella to be enimies and restored Brutus and Cassius to their former prouinces and added to Brutus Illyria commaunding al other that were rulers of the Romaine dominion as well of prouinces as armies to obey Brutus and Cassius After this Cassius preuented Dolobella entring into Syria vsed the tokens of that office and gathered twelue legions that for the moste parte hadde serued and bin trained vnder Casus Caesar one of the whiche Caesar hadde lefte in Syria to goe to the war against the Parthians The charge of this had Secilius Bassus but the dignitie Sextus Iulius hadde a yong man and Caesars kinsman who being lasciuious and suffering the legion to fall to riot Bassus reproued him wherefore he fell out with Bassus and called hym rascall and after waxing more disobedient Bassus commaunded hym to be broughte of the Sergeants whereof a tumulte growing and Bassus beyng in daunger to be killed the armye not abiding that disorder killed Iulius of the whiche repenting them by and by and fearing Caesars displeasure they agréed togither that vnlesse they had forgiuenesse they woulde fyght til death and to this they compelled Bassus getting an other legion they trained them with the which they valiaÌ„tly ouercame Sextius Murcus sente againste them with thrée legions from Caesar To Murcus came in aide Minutius Crispus from Bythinia with thrée other legions and besieged Bassus with sixe legions Cassius comming in reliefe of Bassus receiued hys armye fréely by and by and after Minutius and Murcus deliuering to hym their legions for goodwill they obeyed him in all thinges as y Senate coÌ„mauÌ„ded Albinus being sent of Dolobella brought oute of Aegipt foure legions of the remnaunt of Pompeius and Crassus discomfiture which of Caesar were left with Cleopatra Cassius set vpon him in Palestina knowing nothing of these chaunces so sodainely that he compelled him to deliuer his armye being afraide with foure legions to fyght againste eight Thus Cassius beyond al expectation was Lord of twelue legions and manye of the Parthian archers on horsebacke came to serue Cassius hée being known among them when he was an officer in Crassus campe Dolobella remained about Ionia dispatching Trebonius and putting tributes vpon the Cities and by Lucius Figulus hyring nauies of the Rhodes the Lycians Pamphagonians and Celicians which wheÌ„ they were ready he determined to go into Syria himselfe by land with two legions Figulus by sea And hearing of Cassius army he tourned hys iorney to Laodicea a Cittie friendly to hym ioyning to Cherronesus and fitte for al surniture as well for passage by Sea as defence by lande In the which place he mighte prouide all thinges plentifullye â—â—oâ— the Seâ— and when he would without feare saile from the lande Which Cassius séeing and fearing that Dolobella should escape him hauing gotten a place called Isthmus almoste an Iland not two furlongs ouer he took all the stones and tymber of the cotages boroughs and sepulchres to make a peere for ships He sent to Phoenitia Lycia and the Rhodes and being reiected of all but the Sâ—donians yet he went againste Dolobella and bothe of them haning loste numbers of shyps Dolobella tooke fiue with al the men Cassius sent againe to them that had despised hym and to Cleopatra Quéene of Aegipt and to Serapion Generall in Cypres for hir The Tyrians the Aradians and Serapion without any in telligence from Cleopatra sent him as many ships as they hadde The Quéene made excuse to Cassius by hunger pestileÌ„ce wherwith Aegipt was oppressed and for the familiarity with the former Caesar shée fauoured Dolobella and with this determination she sente hym four legions by Albinus and an other sufficient company by sea bicause of the winde stayed The Rhodians and the Lycians said they woulde helpe neither Brutus nor Cassius in ciuill warres and that they had giuen ships of passage to Dolobella but not entred with him into any societie of warre Cassius being prepared againe with such as he had presently encountred with Dolobella twice and at the firste they fought it oute with like force but after Dolobella was too weake by Sea. Then Cassius with a rampire so beat the walles of the Cittie that they were lyke to fade and when he coulde not corrupte Marsus that was chiefe of the watch by night he wanne the Captaines of the bands that warded by the day And Marsus resting by daye the gates were opened and he entred in diuers parts with his army The Citie being taken Dolobella bad one of his Guard cutte off his heade and carrie it to Cassius to saue his owne whiche he did and after killed himselfe Marsus also did ridde his own life Cassius hauyng gotten the Citie sware the armie of Dolobella to himselfe All the Laodiceans sacred and publyke things he spoyled the chief of the Citie he punished the other he oppressed with grieuous payments and brought the Citie to extréeme miserie From Laodicea hée wente towarde Aegypt vnderstandyng that Cleopatra dyd sayle with a greate nauie to Caesar and Antonie thynkyng hée myghte stoppe hir voyage and be reuenged of hyr vnderstandyng that Aegipt was in greate distresse for famine hauyng no greate army of straungers the Souldiours beyng gone with Albinius Beyng in this hope and determination Brutus in haste aduertised hym that Caesar Antonie dyd passe the Ionian Sea. Cassius vnwillyngly lefte the enterpryse of Aegipt and sente away the Parthian Archers on horsebacke wyth their rewardes and messengers to theyr King for further ayde whiche commyng when all was done ranged Syria and all the nighe nations to Ionia and departed Cassius lefte hys Nephewe in Syria with one legion the horsemenne hée sente afore to Cappadocia They suddenly sette vppon Ariobarzanes the kyng as one that before meante to deceyue Cassius and brought all his money and riches to Cassius The TharsiaÌ„s beyng at debate the one parte honoured Cassius comyng firste the other Dolobella after him and both of them did it by the shew of the Cities authoritie and embracing both as the turne serued either side in such a chaÌ„geable citie vsed othâ—â— extréemely When Cassius had ouercome Dolobella he commaunded them to paye a thousand and fiue hundred Talentes they not knowing what to doe and beyng with despight requyred of the Souldiours therevnto were compelled to sell all their pryuate Iewels and holy things in common and other whiche they had for their triumphes and sacrifices whiche not suffising the Magistrates solde their frée people The firste was the Virgines and their men children after their women and olde men pityfully and then theyr youngmen whereof many killed themselues Being in this case Cassius came from Syria and stayed it for pitties sake released them of the rest of
souldioures to coÌ„tend who should do fastest And though at the beginning it séemed he went about a tedious and frutelesse worke yet in the end he brought it to passe very quickly contrary to the Zanthians opinion whiche thoughte it woulde haue bin many monethes in doing or not done at all But nowe they are shutte vp and driuen within their gates with a greate change He gaue dayly assaultes at the gates euer changing his men They resisted and put freshe and sounde men in the place of the wéery and wounded so long as their fortes helde but when they were beaten downe and all broken Brutus thinking what woulde follow commaunded his souldioures to retire from the gates The Zanthians thinking that to bée done by negligence issued out in the nighte with lightes to burne the Romanes engines who being encountred of the Romanes that laye for them retired to the gates the kéepers whereof fearing the enimie should enter also shutte them out whereof did followe a greate slaughter before the gates Not long after the Romanes goyng backe againe the Citizens came out and fired the engines and bycause of the former losse the gates were opened to them at whose goyng in two thousand Romanes thrust in with them and more followed at the which entrie the gates fell downe eyther suddaynely or of purpose the matter failing that held them vp The Romanes were eyther killed or shut in The gates could not be opened nor without some engine be remoued The Zanthians threw vpon them in the stréetes from aboue They hauing neyther bowe nor arrowes gote into a straight place called Sarpedono that they should not vtterly be besette aboute The Romanes that were withoute were carefull for them within and Brutus ranne among them to sée that all help mighte be assayed At the gates barred with yron they could not get in their scales and Towers being burned Wherefore some made scalyng ladders presently and wente vp vppon timber as vpon ladders some tyed forkes to ropes and threwe them to fasten on the wall and climbed vp by coardes The Oâ—nandians theyr neyghboures and enimies and confederate with Brutus gate vp ouer the rocky places whiche when the Romanes saw they followed with great laboure whereby many fell and some that gote ouer went to opeÌ„ the gates and layd timber so thicke that they mighte come ouer whiche they did And being now many they brake the gate not being very stroÌ„g both they within and without helping to it and the Souldioures entred in verye boldly both at the broken gate and ouer the wall vpon the way made with timber so as there was thrusting in on euery side The Zanthians with greate shoutes set vpon the Romanes that were in Sarpedono The Romanes at the gates carefull for them both within and without vsed all violence to make way and as caried with a furie they bare all downe afore them making suche bast and noyse as they mighte know within it God working a change for them And this was at the setting of the Sunne The Citie being thus taken the Zanthians wente into theyr houses and burned their most precious things and wilfully offered their throtes to be cutte The lamentation was so greate that Brutus fearing the spoyle called his Souldiours backe by a Trumpet and when he knewe what was done he pitied the state of them for their liberties sake and sent a truce vnto them They repelling them that brought it and bringing all they had to stackes that they hadde made in their houses set the same on fire and burned themselues therewith Brutus saued all the sacred things and only tooke the Seruants of the Xanthians and an hundred and fifty women frée and wythout husband Thus thrée times the Zanthians perished for their libertie being beséeged of Arpalus Lieutenant of Cyrus the great They killed themselues rather thaÌ„ they would be slaues and the Citie was by him lefte to be their graue And they say they suffered the like of Alexander Philips sonne and coulde not abyde to obey Alexander though he were a Lord of so many landes Brutus wente from Xantho to Patarea a Citie for affayres of the Sea like vnto it and bringing his army about the citie he commaunded them to be obediente vnlesse they woulde suffer as the Xanthians had done Some of the Xanthians were come vnto them bewayling theyr misfortune and counselling them to sée better to themselues The Patareanes aunswering nothing to the Xanthians spent the rest of the day in consultation Daye béeyng come and Brutus approchyng they cryed froÌ„ the walles that they woulde obey hym in anye thyng he would and opened theyr gates He entred neyther killing nor spoyling any man only theyr golde and siluer that was the Cities he gathered togyther commaundyng euery maÌ„ to bryng in hys priuate goodes vpon those paynes that Cassius had sette vpon the Rhodians And they dyd so A Seruaunt dyd accuse hys maister for hydyng of money and shewed a Capitayne that was sente where the golde was All béeyng carryed away the maister held his peace but hys mother wylling to saue hyr sonne cryed that she hadde hydde the money The Seruaunte not required to speake affirmed she sayde not true and that he hadde hidde it whereat Brutus pitying the yong man in silence and the mother in passion sente them away vnhurte with the money they brought and hanged the Seruante that woulde haue betrayed hys maister Lentulus at this time being sent to Andriaca a notable porte for the Nauies of the Myreans brake the cheyne of the Port and went into the Citie They obeyed hys commaundementes and deliuered him their money whych he carryed to Brutus The Lycians sente to Brutus that they woulde obey hym and ayde hym to theyr power He putte a tribute vpon them and gaue the frée men of the Xanthians to that Citie He commaunded the Nauie of Lycia to sayle wyth the rest to Abâ—â—o from whence he led his footemen aboâ—e Cassius coÌ„ming froÌ„ Ionia to goe togither to Seftus Murcus saylyng aboute Peloponeso vnderstoode that Cleopatra had a wracke by tempest aboute Libya and that hir scattered Nauye was blowen to Laconica and that she was so sicke as vnneth she coulde gette home agayne And that he shoulde not séeme to bryng out so greate a companye in vayne he sayled towarde Brunduse and tooke the I le nexte the Port and kepte the rest of the enimies army and theyr victuals from Macedonia Antonie came agaynste hym with those fewe long Shippes that he hadde and at the nygh places annoyed hym wyth the Towers he hadde made He sente hys armye by partes in greate Shyppes obseruyng the wynde from the lande that they shoulde not bée intercepte of Murcus and béeyng in some doubte he called for Caesar that was in the coast of Sicelie to matche with Sextus Pompey Whyche matters wente after this sorte Pompey was the yonger sonne of Pompey the greate béeing
these there were added eleuen legions that wente from Brutus and .xiiij. thousande horse of the whiche Antony tooke for hys iorney sixe legions and tenne thousande horse Octauian had foure thousande horse and fiue legions and for those that Antony had he shoulde receiue of Antonies out of Calenus whiche he lefte in Italy and so sayled to the Ionian sea WheÌ„ Antony was come to Ephesus he made solemne sacrifices to the Gods and forgaue the souldiors of Cassius that were in Sanctuarie and asked pardon Petronius being except as many as had conspired Caesars death Quintus that betrayed Dolobella to Cassius at Laodicea to the Grecians and other nations that inhabit about Pergamo in Asia in a great assembly of Ambassadors that came for peace he spake in this wise You men of Grecia your Kyng Attalus by testament bequeathed you vnto vs whome you founde more beneficiall vnto you than Attalus was for we forgaue you the Tributes that you payd to Attalus tyll wée had neede of Tributes bycause of them that troubled our peace Then we sette Tributes vpon you not accordyng to euery mans value that we myghte exact it wythout perill but required you to pay a portion yearely that wée myghte bee partakers of youre yearely fruites and féele youre losse in harde tunes And when the Bayliffes requiring more than they ought dyd you iniurie C. Caesar forgaue you the thirde parte of youre Tributes and forbadde that iniurie to be done to you héereafter for he committed to you the gathering of the Tributes of youre Countrey people And our good Citizens call such a man as he was a Tyrant and you haue giuen them much money that were kyllers of the man that most deserued of you and that against vs â–ª that reuenged hys quarrell But forasmuch as Fortune fauouring the iust cause hath decréed not as you woulde but as ryght was if you had continued in armes as their fellowes you had bin punishable but bycause we doe easily beléeue that you did it by compulsion we forgiue you the greater punishment only we haue néede of your money your land Cities to pay our armyes whiche be eyghte and twenty Legions which with their appertenaÌ„ces maketh 170. thousand beside Horsemen other remnant of the common sort Of this multitude you may wel coniecture what charge we be at Octauian is gone into Italy to diuide lands and Cities vnto them and as I myght say to bid Italy be packing But y you should not leaue your Cities Countrey houses your temples and religions and youre auncesters monuments we onely require your money and not all for y you could not beare but a meane part which when you heare I thinke you wil goe conteÌ„ted away As much as you gaue our enimies in two yeares whiche was ten yeares tribute so much wil we require sauing y it must be paid in one yeare bycause ne-nessitie so exacteth You may acknowledge thaÌ„kes confesse that you are not punished as you haue deserued Thus he spake to please the souldiors to whom they promised rewards at their méeting at Modena then they were xl legions so many of theÌ„ were coÌ„sumed He had not fully ended his tale wheÌ„ the Grecians sate vpoÌ„ the ground with many demonstratioÌ„s accusing the crueltie of Brutus Cassius shewing they wer rather worthy pardoÌ„ thaÌ„ punishment They would gladlye giue to their friends but they were bereft all of their enimies to whom they had giuen not only theyr monies but when that fayled their iewels and ornaments which they coyned of themselues At length with much ado they obtayned to paye nine yeares Tribute in two yeares As he went about the prouinces Lucius brother to Cassius and other fearing themselues when they hadde harde of his mercye shewed at Ephesus they came and submitted themselues to him and he pardoned them except such as were priuie to the conspiracie for to them he was inexorable He did comfort the cities that were grieuouslye oppressed and gaue priuilegies to the Lycians and exhorted the Xanthians â—etâ—store their Citie He gaue to the Rodians Andrus Tenus Naxus and Mindus which shortly after he toke from them bycause of their sharpe gouernement He graunted the Tarsentans and Laodicians libertie and made frée al the Citizens of Tarsus that had bin taken with priuiledge he receiued the Athenienses very gently gaue theÌ„ Tenus Aegiâ—â— Icon Câ—am Sciathus Peparetis Then going through Phrygia Mysia Gallogrecia Cappadocia Cilicia Caelâ—sâ—â—ia Palesâ—â—a Ituraea and other prouinces of Syria he put gret Tributs vpon theÌ„ He toke vp matters of controuersie of princes and Cittes euen as hee wold himself And wher the controuersie for Cappadocia was betwéene Sifinnâ— and Ariarathes he preserred Sâ—siâ—na for Glâ—phyâ—â—a his fayre mothers sake In Syria he deliuered the townes of Tirannes In Cilicia he accused Cleopatra bycause she did not helpe Caesar in his wars She did not so much excuse hir selfe as boaste that she had sent â—oure legions to Dolobella at the beginning of y war â–ª hauing prepared a Nauy was letted by tempestes and by the chaunce of Dolobella that was sâ—â—ner ouercome than the loked for and that notwithstanding Cassius twice threatning hyr she contemned him and Murcus also and with a riche Nauy sayled into the Ionian sea there beside other losses fel sicke Wherfore she returned no more to the sea after the victorie was 〈…〉 on Then Antonie being caughte in minde with the sight of hir hée began to loue hir like a yong man though he were fourty yéeres of age his nature as it séemeth euer being pliant to that thing and before he hadde a minde to hir when he was a Captaine of horsemen at Alexandria vnder Gabinius Now leauing his woonted diligence hée did all things as Cleopatra woulde haue him without respecte of God or mannes lawe In so much as he sente Souldiours to kill Arsinoâ— hir sister that was fledde into the Temple of Diana crying for mercy and commaunded the Tyrians to deliuer Serapion Captaine of Cypres to Cleopatra being fledde for safetie to Tyrus Likewise he commaunded the Arcadians to doe with an other fugitiue bicause he toke vppon him the person of Ptolomeus Cleopatras brother being ouercome in Nilus of Caesar and neuer séene after He also commaunded Megabysus a Prâ—sâ—e of Diana of Ephesus to bée deliuered bicause he receyued Arsinoe as a Quéene but when the Ephesians made sute to Cleopatra for him he let him goe so soone was he changed This affection was the beginning of his troubles and ende of his life When Cleopatra was gone home he sent his horsemen to spoyle the Palmirians a Cittie not farre from Euphrates a lighte offence beeing obiected to them for a fashion bicause dwelling in the confines of the Romanes and the Parthians they seemed to bee of doubtful faith for they were merchants and brought and fetched the wares of India and Perside to the Romanes but in
broughte hym another army and Caesar cutte off the tayle of it and droue Furnius to an hyll He that nyght following wente to Sentia a Citie of hys faction whome Cesar would not follow for feare of traynes but the next day beséeged the Citie Lucius went to Rome wyth al hast and sent in thrée bandes by night he followyng with his armye where he was receyued of Nonius that had the gard of the gate and tooke hys Souldyoures to serue Lepidus escaped and wente to Caesar Lucius assembled the people and put them in good hope that Caesar and Lepidus shoulde be punished for their misgouernement and that hys brother woulde willingly giue ouer his vnlawfull authoritie and take the Consulship for it which was an office instituted by theyr auntient fathers When he had sayd thus muche the people béeyng glad and thinking that the thrée mens authoritie should soone ceasse saluted hym Generall which done he went against Caesar gathering by the way another host of the places of Antonyes inhabitance and settled them béeing well affected to Antony but Barbatius who had bin his treasourer in warre and was sente from hym in displeasure tolde the people that Antony was angry with them that styrred against Caesar and the common authoritie The people béeyng thus abused forsooke Lucius and weÌ„t to Caesar Lucius now marched against Saluidienus that brought great power out of France to Caesar and Asinius and Ventidius Antonyes Captaynes followed at y tayle so as he coulde not goe forward Agrippa a man most trusty to Caesar fearing least Saluidienus should be coÌ„passed tooke Lombardy y which place he thought Lucius could not spare that he woulde leaue Saluidienus come against him so mighte Saluidienus follow at y taile And Agrippa was not deceiued for wheÌ„ Lucius saw he was deceiued of his purpose he repaired to Asinius â— VeÌ„tidius whereby Saluidienus and Agrippa were frée to take what aduaÌ„tage they could whiche when Lucius perceyued and durste not fight with them both he went to Perugia a Citie wel defensed and there encamped loking for Ventidius but by and by Caesar Agrippa Saluidienus comming vpoÌ„ him he was beâ—iâ—ged with three armies at Perugia and least Lucius might escape their haÌ„ds they sent to Caesars other forces to deteine Asinius Ventidius although they made no great hast nor approued that warre nor were sure of Antonies minde Beside there was emulation betwéene them eyther of them séeking to be leader of all Lucius being thus besieged neyther durste giue battel being inferiour not only in number but also in goodnesse of Soldiors nor departe from thence so manye being readye to molest him therfore he sent to Ventidius and Asinius by Manius to perswade theÌ„ to come to helpe hym theÌ„ that were besieged He sent also Titinius with four thousande horse to spoyle Caesars landes that thereby he myght call him from the siege and so haue Perugia frée to winter in if néede were til Ventidius and his companye myghte come But Caesar hauing al his power togither compassed the place eight miles aboute bycause of the hills that be there and made a long trenche to Tiber that nothing shoulde bée brought from thence to Perugia Lucâ—â—n after lyke sorte trenched the rootes of the hilles Fuluia commaunded Ventidius Asinius Ateius and Calenus to make haste to helpe them that were besieged and gathered a newe hoste and sente it by Plancus to Lucius Thys Plancus by the waye cutte off a legion of Caesars And whereas Asinius and Ventidius went very slowly as vncertaine of Antonies wil yet for Fuluia and Manius sake they came forwarde Caesar with Agrippa went to méete them leauing sufficient forces at Perugia But they disseuered themselues the one to Rauenna the other to Arimeno and Plancus to Spoleto Caesar leauing agaynst eche of them power to kéepe them from ioyning againe togither retourned to Perugia and added rampires to the ditches making the ditches more large by thirtie foote both in breadth and déepnesse He made also the trenches stronger and ioyned to them 1500 towers of woodde .lx. foote asunder so as they serued for bothe turnes as well to resiste them that came to the Citie as to keepe them in that woulde come out of it In the whych tymes there were manye sallies made out of the city Caesars men being the better a far off with shot Lucius more bolde at hand stroks But wheÌ„ the work was finyshed famine tooke the city encresed daily For neither y cicizeÌ„s nor Lucius had made any prouision of victuals Which when Caesar vnderstood he kept theÌ„ the straighter The night before the Calends of Ianuary Lucius thinking y feastful time would haue wrought negligeÌ„ce among the enimies he gaue an assaulte to y camp thinking he might haue put in some companions whiche he had many in diuerse places but one legion being quickly called of the watch Caesar comming with his bands after a sharp fight Lucius was repulsed At this time in Rome corn being kept for the vse of the soldiors the people with tumult contention ran into priuate houses tooke what corne they could Now VeÌ„tidius soldiors thinking it a shame not to helpe Lucius marched foorth and ouerthrew Caesars garisons in euery plaÌ„ce But when Agrippa and Saluidienus were come with more meÌ„ they turned to Fulginio a castle not far off froÌ„ Perugia where being besieged of Agrippa they signified by night to Lucio with many fiers where they were Then it was thought best to try it out by fight But Plancus thought it best to stay not to hazard thiÌ„selues betwene Caesar and Agrippa which sentence preuayled They that were besieged at Perugia when they saw the fiers they were glad and thought there was some impediment y they came not forward and when the fire ceassed they thought they had bin destroyed Then Lucius oppressed with famine made issues out of the city from the first watch vntil break of day on euery side but being repulsed in euery place he retired perusing the victuals commanded that the bondmen shold haue none yet to be kept that they shold not get out to shew the néed to y enimie They ran about in Orchards gardens eate grasse leaues where they could find any wheÌ„ they were pined Lucius put theÌ„ into diches that the enimy shold not perteiue any burials nor the Citty be infected with the fauors But no end being of hunger nor death the soldiors being weary desired Lucius to sally out again they would break the conteary trench Whole feruentnesse when Luqueius saw he said Of late we did not fighte so valiauntly as we might haue done now therfore yéelde or sight to death Euerye man consented Therfore that the night shoulde giue none occasion to cowardnesse they desired they might go to it in the daye and so Lucius led
Italy but vpon the trust of Antonie Not only trusting vppon Antonie but sente of hym sayde Cocceius for I will not dissemble and he shall 〈◊〉 the reste of Italie being voyde of Nauie if you make not peace Caesar not vnwillyng to heare this diuise stayde a whyle Pompey shal be punished whelynow quoth he being already repulsed froÌ„ Thuriji Than Cocceius perceyuing all the controuersie tolde hym that Fului â–ª was dead for unkindnesse of Antonie and nowe that shée is gone there is no way but to vtter one an others gréefe without dissimulation Caesar beyng appeased by this talke receyued Cocceius who requested him to wryte somewhat to Antonie as the yonger to the elder He denied to wryte any thing to his enimie that woulde write nothing to him He also thought vnkindnesse in Antonies mother that beyng of his he use fledde out of Italie and would not séeke to hym of whome she might haue obtayned any thing as of hir Sonne and to hir â—ee was content to wryte When Cocceius came foorth many of the Capitaynes declared the mindes of the Souldiours that except they woulde be reconciled warre should be made Which hée tolde Antonie and wished him to couÌ„termaund Pompey from furder inuasion of Italie and to sende Aenobarbus away till they were agréed Iulia his mother ioyned with Cocceius and prayed hir sonne so to doe Antonie stoode in doubte for if the peace did not take he muste desire Pompeis helpe agayne the whiche woulde be a shame for hym but his mother putting him in comfort 〈◊〉 séeming to knowe more Antony gaue place and required Pompey to returne into Sicelie and he would kéepe promise with him and sent Aenobarbus with authoritie into Bythinia When y army heard this then chose messengers that mighte goe to eyther generall and cutting off 〈…〉 rehearsall of vnkindnesse paste to requyre theÌ„ to linke in 〈◊〉 For this purpose of Caesars parte there was chosen â–ª 〈◊〉 and for Antonie Pollio and Cocceius was ioyned to them aâ— a fréeâ—â—e to bothe And â–ª bycause Marcellus was dead that was husband to 〈◊〉 Caesars sister they required that shée might be made sure â–ª to Antony whiche beyng done all the army cried Happy â—aâ— it 〈◊〉 continuing their reioyce one whole day a night Then Caesar and Antonie once agayne deuided the whole 〈◊〉 Empire and made Câ—dropoli a Citie of Slauonia the 〈◊〉 of bothe their partes bycause it stoode in the ende of the Adriaâ—icall sea That Caesar should haue al 〈◊〉 and Ilandes westward euen to the mayne Sea. That Antonie shoulde haue the lyke Eastwarde euen to the floud Euphrates That Lepidus should haue Africa still as Caesar had appointed That Caesar should make warre vpoÌ„ Pompey vnlesse other order were taken That Antonie shoulde make warre vpon the Parthians to reuenge the iniurie done to Crassus That Aenobarbus should be receyued into societie with those conditions that he had of Antonie That it should be lawful for both to leuie men in Italie with like numbers of legions This peace was solemnelie ratified WhervpoÌ„ they sent away their friends about their affayres Antonie sent Ventidius into Asia to represse the Parthians yong Labienus who by the help of the Parthians made new commotioÌ„s in Syria as far as Ionia all the which be shewed in the Parthians warre Pompey by his Capitayne Menodorus repulsed Helenus Casars Lieftenant out of Sardinia Wherfore Caesar would not be reconciled with him They went to Rome togither and celebrated the mariage Where Antonie put Manius to death bycause hée stirred Fuluia to make warre He accused Saluidienus gouernour for Caesar of the armie at Rhâ—danus that hée woulde forsake hys mayster and cleaue to hym whereof he wrote letters to hym to Brunduse This was not lyked of all men declaryng vnconstant dealing in too much séeking of amitie Caesar called Saluidienus vnto him as about a matter of charges and to sende him againe to the army whom when he came he slew him with reproche and deliuered his army to Antonie as suspected In the meane time the cytie was oppressed with famine â–ª for neyther durst the Merchauntes bring any corne from the East bicause of Pompeis being in Sicelie nor from the Weast of Câ—â—sica Sardinia where Pompeis shippes also lay nor froÌ„ Africa where the nauies of the other conspiratours kepte their stations Being in this distresse they alleaged that the discorde of the rulers was the cause and therefore required that peace might be made with Pompey vnto the whiche when Caesar woulde not agrée Antonie thought warre was néedefull for necessitie and bycause money waÌ„ted a decrée was made by Antonies aduise that euery maister should pay the half of .xxv. drammes for euery slaue that he had whiche was determined to bene done in the war of Cassius that somewhat also shoulde be payde of euery mans heritage The people tore the decrée with great furie obiected the consuming of treasure publike the spoylyng of prouinces the sacking of Italie and all for priuate displeasure and yet all woulde not serue but muste nowe put newe impositions vpon them that haue nothing left They assembled and murmured coÌ„pelled theÌ„ that would not and with threatnings to spoyle and burne theyr houses gathered all the people Then Caesar with a fewe of his fréends and garde came to them to excuse themselues but they threw stones and droue him away which when Antonie heard he came to help him To him comming the holy way the people did nothing bycause he was willing to agrée with Pompey but prayde him to departe which when he would not do they threw stones at him Then he brought in his soldiours that were with out the walles not about him into the citie being diuided into market places and streates wounded set vpon the multitude killed theÌ„ in the streates as they came And they could not easily flée for the multitude nor breake through by runnyng so that many were hurte and killed crying and yellyng from their houses So Antonie hadde muche ado to escape and Caesar by him was euidently preserued and got away Thus did Antonie delyuer Caesar from present perill The bodies of the commons that were killed were caste into the riuer to auoyde the griefe of the sight which came not so to passe for the Soldiours fished for them as the streame carried them and tooke from them their apparell whiche grieued the beholders Thus this euill ended with enuie of the Princes and yet no remedie for the lacke of things whereat the people grutched and suffered Antonie wished Libo hys fréendes to call him out of Sicelie to congratulate for the alliance made and he would procure greater matter and saue him harmelesse They wrote letters to Libo and Pompey was content he should goe And when he was come to the I le called Pithecusa and now Aenaria the people assembled again and praied Caesar
a light vessell and chaunging Shippe after Shippe to be vnknowne he came to Alexandrîa The bewrayers at Pireo wrote againe in the pellets that the nighte following Archelous woulde sende to Athens being in want corne vpon soldiors backes Sylla laying in wayte tooke the corne and carriers The same daye Minutius didde hurte Neoptolemus an other Captaine at Calcide and killed a thousand fiue hundred and tooke moe prisoners Not long after in Pireo in the night y watch being asléep the Romanes brought their seales froÌ„ the next mounts got the wal and killed the watch that was next wherfore some of the BarbariaÌ„s leapt down forsaking the wall as though al had bene takeÌ„ other turning to force killed the leader of theÌ„ that scaled and flung downe the other headlong other getting out of the gates hadde néere hande burned one of the Romaines Towers had not Scylla come with the army and fought wyth them all that nyght and the day after and with greate labour saued it Archelous made an other tower at the wall against the Romaines that they might fight togither vpon the towers whiche they did so oft and so furiously as it was harde tyll Scylla â–ª did caste twentye greate pellets out of his sling and killed many and so beate Arthelous tower as it was vnprofitable Archelous was fayne to lie behind the wall for feare And they in the Citie being more more pressed with hunger the slaues signifyed againe in the pellets that victuall shoulde be sent that nighte into the Cittie Archelous suspecting some treason in bewraying the carying of the victuals â–ª sente the victuall and set some at the gates with fire to runne vppon the Romaines if Sylla woulde force the victuall and both happened for Sylla toke them that carried the corne and Archelous burned certaine of the engines At this time Arcathias Mithridates sonne inuaded Macedonia with an other army and easily ouercame the fewe Romaines that were lefte there and subdued all Macedonia and appointed rulers then he marched against Sylla and falling yet sicke at Tidâ—o died At Athens the citie being in great daunger of famine Sylla made many forts about it that none shoulde flée but remaining there be the more vexed for the multitude and erecting the mouÌ„t at Pirâ—o very hygh he planted his pieces vppon it Achilous digging vnder the mount and taking away the earth long before it was knowne they made the mount to sincke whiche being soone perceiued the Romanes toke away the engines and filled vp the earth againe â–ª and they vsing the like waye in vndermining the wall they met togither and fought with their short wepons as much as might be in such a darkenes Whiles this was a doing Sylla went against the wall with many engines till parte of it fel and made way to burne the nexte tower and carried many lightes to caste vppon it and commaunded the boldest men to go to the assault Much beyng done on bothe sides the tower was burned and Sylla had cast downe a parte of the wall to the which he set a garde by and by The foundations of the wall being cast downe which was bound with woode â–ª and being ful of sulphure pitche flare al was sone burned one pâ—â—â—e fel after an other and ouerthrew them that stoode vpon it This tumult beyng soden and great troubled all the warders as though that had fallen also whervpoÌ„ they were Wherfore turning euerywhere hastily being doubtful in minde for feare they resisted their enimies faintly And Sylla came vpon theÌ„ stil being thus affected chéered his owne meÌ„ euer putting fresh to them that were weary he went to the assault giuing theÌ„ courage by voyce person threatning theÌ„ that were vnwilling y in this short labour they might make an end of all Archelous likewise came forth with freshe men for them that were afrayd exhorting stirring all as by the onely paine to worke their weale The great courage boldnesse being againe on either side great slaughter on both sides was equall alike till Sylla comming forth very wery blewe the retreate praysed the soldiours vertue Archelous by by in the night repayred the breaches making vp y was brokeÌ„ against the which Sylla brought his whole army thinking he might easily beate downe y which was new made soft But being tâ—râ—d againe in that straight place beaten both at the face the side as in slippery places left of the getting of Pireus by assault entended to winne it by famine to continue the siege And when he vnderstoode that they in the citie were in greater want â–ª had spent all their beasts sodde their skinnes hides and vsed the broth for meate that some did eate dead flesh he commaunded his army to coÌ„passe the citie that not one should escape when this was done he went straight to the assault wonâ—â— the wall And the weake men being fledde he entred the Citie And againe great slaughter murder was in Athens for they coulde not flée for weakenesse there was no pâ—tiâ— neither of children nor women Sylla coÌ„maunding to kill euery man that they mette for anger that so soone without cause they had reuolted to the Barbarianâ—â— resisted him so obstinatly An so much as many hearing the proclamation did cast themselues â–ª willingly to be killed A few weÌ„t no great pace into the castle among them Aristio â–ª the place of pastime being first burned that Sylla should make no matter of it for to force the fort He would not suffer y cirie to be burned but gaue the spoile to the soldiours They found mans flesh ready dressed for sustenance in many houses The next day Sylla sold the seruaÌ„ts to the fréemen that escaped froÌ„ the murder by night â–ª which were very few He sayd he gaue libertie and that libertie their posteritie should haue also in frée elections which he forbad to theÌ„ that were aliue Thus was the citie of Athens filled ful of miserie Sylla besieged the castle â–ª the which be easly tookes Aristion they that were fled in with him being ouercom with hunger thirst Of the whiche Sylla put to death Aristion theÌ„ that serued him such as had borne any office or done â–ª anything coÌ„trary to the Romanes order since the taking of 〈◊〉 The other he pardoned appointed lawes to al â–ª the same â–ª almost that were giuen them before of the Romanes He tooke out of the 〈◊〉 â–ª pouÌ„d waight of golde of siluerâ—â—oq This was done at the castle a litle after Sylla immediatly after the citie was take not belaying to take Pireo by stege he braught engines munition â–ª and many men y should vndermine the wall with their instruments and beate downe many of them that kept the wall by shooting darting vpon them â–ª and ouerthrew the bowing part of the wall which
was moyst weake being new maâ—e Which Archelous â–ª thinking before made many y like within â–ª that Sylla might euer haue somewhat to do finding a new one like y other But he vsing coÌ„tinual assault with incessable violence going among them â–ª â— exhorting theÌ„ to y mater as a thing of great importaÌ„ce praise â–ª in y which al the hope that they had done did lie They of themselues being redy inough for y glory of so great a feat as to win y wal weÌ„t to it so fearcely y Archelous being astonished at their vehement motion beyond reason left â–ª the wall vnto theÌ„ ranne to the strongest parte of Pireo that was compassed with the sea the whiche Sylla for lacke of shippes coulde not attempt From thence Archelous sayled into Thessalia by Boeotia and gathered at Thermopyle the rest of all his owne army and that was brought of Syndromichate Hée called also those that came into Macedonia with Archatias the Kings sonne a freshe bande and full beside them that Mithridates continually sent for hée neuer lefte sendyng and this was done with great vehemencie Sylla burned Pireo whiche was greater labour to him than the Cittie not sparing naâ—y munition nor other preparation and then he went against Archelous into Boeotâ—a Being nigh togither they went from Thermopyle to Phocida they being Thracians and Scythians of Pontus and Cappadotians Bithynians Galatians and Phrygians and al other that fauored Mithridates al the which were Cxx â–ª M â–ª euery one had their chiefe captaines Archelous was the generall ouer all Sylla hadde Italians Greekes and those Macedonians that were reuolted from Archelous and some other of the borderers not the thirde parte of the enimies number Being encamped togither Archelous â–ª setting his men in order alwayes prouoking to the battayle Sylla delayed considering the places and multitude of the ennimies and followed Archelous that went into Calcide expecting time and place when he sawe him vnquered at Cherinâ—â— in hilly places from the whiche they that wer ouercome could not flée He being in a plain very nigh â—â—t his men redy to prouoke Archelous to fight against his wil the playne being for him commodious to marche forth or to retire at his pleasure wheras Archelous was baset with she hils so as he coulde not vse his men as he would nor altogither place them for the inequalitie of the ground â–ª And if they should turne the harde place woulde hinder their flight He waying the matter with thâ—se difficulties gaue she onset knowing that that great multitude would litle profit Archelous who did not think the Romanes would haue fought therfore kept his campe neglygently WheÌ„ the battel was begon then he felte the hardenesse of the place and perceyued it to late and sente his horsemen to kepe him of but they returning and being oriuen to the hils he sent out lâ— armed Chariots to sée if he could by their violence breake and cut the maine battel of the Romanes the which they suffred to passe the front to the ende diuiding themselues where they were ouerthrowen of the shot they being vnweldy to turne again And though Archelous might thus haue kepte his campe being soone at the hils for their defence yet he set the whole multitude in order came vpon Sylla on the sodeyne in these streight places bycause now he was at hand First he brought forth the horsemen with grat violence and cut asunder the Romanes battayle and easilye compassed both for their small number They fighting very valiaÌ„tly kept themselues in a ring They were in greatest daunger that fought vnder Galba and â—â—ortensius against whome Archelous fought himself and the Barbarians in his sight shewed great manhoode till Sylla came thyther with his horsemen Archelous thinkyng Sylla was hée that came by the shewe of the Ensignes and the raysing of so much duste leauyng hys compassing went to hys battayle But Sylla brought his horsemen that were beste and twoo newe bandes that lay in ambushe and charged vpon them as they were settyng themselues in order for they were not yet al come from compassing nor in due forme at the fronte and brake them so as they were confounded and turued to flée the whiche he followed Beginnyng the victory thus Murena in the lefte wing furthered the same very lustily and with encouraging of his men manly folowed the chace When the wings of Archelous were turned the midde battayle did not holde but fledde also And then all that Sylla had foreséene fel vpon the enimie for not hauing a frée place to turne them nor a playne to flée at the hilles they were slayne of them that folowed them some fell into his haÌ„des some that were wiser got to their campe whom Archelous ignorant of the feates of warre commaunded to turne vpon the enimies when there was no way They obeyed readily but waÌ„ting captaines to set them in order not knowing their proper Ensignes and beeing fouly disordered wanting place bothe to fighte and to flée beeing driuen into a straighte by them that chaced they were killed with ease some of their ennimies whom they could not kill againe some of themselues as in a coÌ„fusion in so straight a place They went againe to the gates and there gathered togyther rebukyng them that shutte them out rehearsing theyr countrey Goddes and other naturall familiaritie that not so much of their enimies as of their disdayne they were destroyed tyll Archelous séeyng the néede opened the gates too late and receyued them running in with disorder The Romanes perceyuing this callyng one an other with vehemencie swiftenesse gotte into the caÌ„pe with theÌ„ that fled brought the victorie to an end Archelous the other fledde as they could saued themselues at Calcide of a hundred .xx. M. not many more than .x. M. remayning of the Romanes they say there died but .xv. two of them returned this was the end of the field betwene Sylla and Archelous capitain general of Mithridates at Cheronea chiefly by the wisedom of Sylla the foolishnesse of Archelous this happe had they both Sylla hauing got much armure spoyle taken many prisoners the vnprofitable things gathered on an heape being girded after the Romane maner he burned to the Gods of warre Resting his army a while he went to Euripus with the light horse against Archelous wâ—o waÌ„dred the Ilandes without dread the Romanes hauing no ships to folow him tooke the coast townes And going to Zacynthus he caÌ„ped as to besiege the citie where certen of y Romanes caÌ„pe came vpoÌ„ him by night departing in hast he went to Calcida more like a Rouer thaÌ„ a warriour When Mithridates heard of this losse he was troubled againe afrayde as in such a case he might gathered an other army of all natioÌ„s about him in hast And thinkyng that many would now forsake him for this ouerthrow or for same other occasion he
gathered togither all theÌ„ y he had in suspitioÌ„ before the warre did waâ—e sharper First he killed the gouernours of the Galatians which were with him as frendes not yet subiect to him with their wifes chyldren except thrée that fled To some he layd traynes some he killed in a night at a banquet thinking none woulde kéepe their fayth if Sylla came confiscating their goodes he made Eumachus presideÌ„t of that nation The rulers that escaped gatheryng an army of their tenaunts of the countrey droue him his garrisons out of Galatia so as Mithridates had nothing of that nation but money only And being angry with the Chians euersince their ship crushed the kings shippe in the battaile at the Rhodes he came secretely vpon them first leased vpoÌ„ their goodes that were fled to Sylla Then he sent to inquire of them that tooke the Romanes parte in Chio. And Zenobus that ledde the third army as though he would haue hasted into Gretia came to the walles of Chio other naked places by night tooke them and setting a garde at the gate proclaymed that strangers should not stirre assembled the Chians as to say somwhat to them from the king WheÌ„ he was come he sayde the king had the citie in suspition bycause they fauoured the Romanes Your ease must be to deliuer your armure your best children for pledges They seing theyr citie already taken deliuered both The which Zenobus sente by by to Erythea commaunding the Chians to tarrie for the kings letters Mithridates letter came to this effect You be yet frends to the Romanes with whom many of your Citizens be you enioy the Fermes that they haue let you for the which you pay nothing to vs Further a Galley of yours at the fight at Rhodes did shake and crushe my shippes which fault I would put onely vpon the guyders of the ship if you could be recouered by loue But secretly you haue now sent your chief men to Sylla you haue accused none of theÌ„ as doyng it without coÌ„mon consent nor you haue punished any of them as not priuie to their doyngs and whereas I might punish you by death beyng so counsayled by my friends as séekers of my life and traytours to my kingdome I punish you in two thousand talents This was the tenor of the letter They would haue sent Embassadours to him but Zenobius woulde not suffer them And when their armure was gone their chiefe children taken away so great an army of Barbarians at haÌ„d with heauy hearts they tooke the treasure out of the temples their wiues Jewels that they might make the .ij. M. talents WheÌ„ they had done this Zenobius finding fault with the wayght he called theÌ„ al into the Theatre setting his soldiours about the Theatre with their weapons drawne the waies downe to the sea side he called theÌ„ out seuerally put them in the ships the men by theÌ„selues the womeÌ„ likewise the children by theÌ„selues barbarously scoffing at theÌ„ Thus being spoyled of their countrey they were sent into Pontus Euxinus to Mithridates After this sort were y Chians vsed The Ephesians required Zenobius that was come to theÌ„ to leane his army at the gate to come in with a few He did so and went to Philopaemena father to Monime whoÌ„ Mithridates loued had made ouerâ—eeâ— of the Ephesians willed the Ephesians by proclamatioÌ„ to come togither in their assembly They lokyng for no good at his haÌ„ds deferred it till the next day And in the night gathering togither exhorting one an other they tooke Zenobius killed him in pryson They fenced their walles they put their people in order they gathered in their corne kept all the Citie by strength The Trallians Papenians and Mesopolitans and some other afrayed by the calamitie of Chio did as the EphesiaÌ„s had done Mithridates sent his army against them that reuolted and vsed them cruelly whom he tooke and fearyng the rest he made the cities of Greece frée He proclaymed forgiuenesse of debtes and the fermours he made Citizens the bondmen frée hoping as it was in déede that the released of debt the new made citizens fréemen would be sure vnto hym thinkyng these things could not be sure vnto them but by Mithridates rule In the meane season Mynio and Philotimus of Smyrna and Clisthenes and Asclepiodotus Lesbians al fréendes to the king and Asclepiodotus sometime captayne of the straungers did make a conspiracie against Mithridates Of the which Asclepiodotus was the bewraier for the more credite he brought to passe that the kyng vnder a bedde hearde what Mynio sayde The coÌ„spiracie being bewrayed they were cruelly killed The like suspition was vpon many moe The Pergameneans doyng the like foure score of them were takeÌ„ and other in other cities Mithridates sending searchers to euery place who finding out his enimies killed a thousaÌ„d sixe hundred men the accusers of the which not loÌ„g after were soone punished of Sylla some killed themself some fled to Mithridates into Pontus Now had Mithridates gathered an army of .lxxx. M. the which Dorilus did leade into Grecia to Archelous that had .x. M. left Syllas had his army nigh to Archelous at Orchomeno when he saw so great a nuÌ„ber of horsemen he digged many pittes in the plaine x. foote broade And had his army in order to receyue Archelaus And when the Romanes did fayntly come to y fight for the multitude of horsemeÌ„ he rode about exhorted them beside threatned theÌ„ But wheÌ„ he could not so bring them to the matter he lept of his horse and tooke the Ensigne ranne to the enimies with his garde crying If any man aske you O Romanes where you betrayed your generall Sylla say when he fought at Orchomeno The Capitaines ranne froÌ„ their bandes to hym beyng in this daunger Then the multitude beyng ashamed chaunged their feare into courage And when the victory began to appeare he mounted on horse agayne and rode about the host praysing them and in euery place exhorting them till he had brought it to end There dyed of the enimes aboute fiftéene thousande whereof the most part were horsemen among them Diogenes that was Archelous son The footemen fledde to the Campe and Sylla fearing least Archelous woulde flée againe to Thalcida he hauing no Shippes all that night he set watches in y playne and in the day not fully a furlong froÌ„ Archelous he cast a trench he not comming forth exhorted earnestly his army to finish the rest of al this battel seing their enimies durst not come out and brought them to the treÌ„ch of Archelous The like mutation was among the enimies for necessitie the Captaynes running aboute shewing the presente daunger and rebuking them if they woulde not defende theyr Camp against their enimies that were fewer than they Force and
crye being made on eyther side there was great might shewed on both parts The Romanes couering themselues with their shields did now digge downe a corner of the Campe but the defendours put them backe with their shorte weapons and none durst enter till Basillus the Captayne of that legion firste lept in and killed him that resisted him al the army followed then flight and slaughter was made of the Barbarians of some as they went of other being driuen into a lake that was nigh and where they coulde not swimme made prayers in their Barbarian tong to the killers of them that vnderstoode them not And Archelous was hidde in a Fenne where getting boates he sayled to Chalcida and gathered togither all the rest of the Kings army with diligence Sylla the nexte daye gaue Basillus a garland and rewarded others with giftes accordingly and then spoyled Soeotia that was euer wauering And being come to Thessalia wintered and tarried for the Shyppes that Lucullus hadde And bycause he could not tell where Lucullus was he made other Shippes In this time Cornelius Cinna and Gaius Marius his enimies in Rome proclaymed him Rebell spoyling his house and his Villages and destroying his friends He notwithstanding did all thinges as with authoritie hauing an army valiant and obedient Cinna chose Flaccus for his fellow in the Consuls office and sente him into Asia with two legions in the place of Sylla that was declared an enimie to be ruler of Asia and make warre with Mithridates Flaccus being vnexpert in the warres a man of the Senate of good will and beloued of the army named Fimbria wente with him They sayling from Brunduse many of their shippes were lost by winters weather and a nauie sent of Mithridates burned their Shippes that went in espiall All the army forsooke Flaccus being a malitious couetous and cruell man and part of them that were sente into Thessaly turned to Sylla The rest Fimbria being thought of them a better Captayne and of a more gentle nature than Flaccus stayed from reuolting and chancing that there was a coÌ„tention for a lodging betwéene him a treasurer and Flaccus leauing the matter vniudged and somewhat touching the honor of Fimbria he being disoeynefull threatned to returne to Rome and Flaccus appointed a successour to him for y things that were to be done Then Fimbria wayting him as he went to Calcida first tooke the maces from Thermo whom Flaccus had made officer against him as so receyuing the charge by the coÌ„sent of the army following Flaccus with anger til he droue him into an house out of y which escaping by night he fledde first into Calcide then into Nicomedia and shut the gates But Fimbria came vpon him and killed him being crept into a pitte being Consull of the Romanes and generall of the warre where he was but a priuate maÌ„ and was come with him as his friend at his request He cut of his head and threwe it into the Sea his carcasse he cast out vnburied so making himselfe Generall he foughte diuers fightes valiantly with Mithridates his sonne and droue the K himselfe froÌ„ Pergamo whither he followed him to Pitane where he beséeged him till by shippe he fledde to Mitylene Fimbria inuading Asia punished y faction of Cappadocia and spoyled the lands of them that woulde not receyue him The Ilians being beséeged of him fledde to Sylla who promised theÌ„ to come and willed theÌ„ to say to Fimbria that they were yéelded to him When Fimbria heard this he praysed them as friendes to the Romanes and desired them to receyue him as a Romane also â—estingly shewing that the Ilians and the Romanes were of affinitie Being entred he killed all that he mette and burned euery thing and the Embassadors that were sente to Sylla he tormented dyuers wayes neyther sparing holy things nor them that were fledde into the Temple of Minerua whome he burned in the Temple The next day he bet downe the walles and went about to sée if any thing stoode in the Citie which was worse vsed by hym a man allied than it was in Agamemnons time no house no temple no image being left The Image of Minerua which they called Palladium sent from heauen as they thinke some suppose was vnbroken being couered with the walles that fell excepte Diomedes and Vlisses carried it away at the warre of troy Thys did Fimbria against IliuÌ„ the. CIII Olimpiad theÌ„ ending which some thinke was a thousand and fifty yeares after Agamemnon When Mithridates heard of the losse at Orchomeno considering the multitude he hadde sente into Grecia and the continuall and greate ouerthrowes he sent to Archelous to make truce in as good manner as he could and being come to the parley sayde to Sylla Mithridates being an auntient friend to you O Sylla hath made warre for the couetousnesse of other Generalles He is content to leaue warre for thy vertues sake by the which thou wilt commaund him that shall be iust Sylla for wante of Ships and money none being sent him bycause of his enimies that had iudged him a Rebell hauing gathered money of the Pythians Olimpians and Epidaureans and giuen them â–ª by reason for their holy things halfe the Thebans land that so oft rebelled and hauing an army valiant and experte to leade agaynste the Rebellion of hys enimies he was bent to peace and sayd If Mithridates had bin iniured he should haue sent Embassadoures but doyng iniurie he hath inuaded many lands of other mens he hathe slayne very many the common and holy thyngs of Cities and the proper goodes of them he hathe spoyled béeyng a like vnfaythfull to his friendes and to vs of whome he hathe killed many and slayne the Princes that were at a banquet with him in the night with their wiues and children and hath shewed to vs rather crueltie of nature than necessitie of warre and vsed the Italians in Asia with all kindes of euils destroying and murthering men women children and slaues that were of the nation of Italy so great an hate had he againste Italy He alleadgeth now auntient amitie for a fashion but not before he hathe lost a hundreth and thréescore thousand men by me he maketh any mention of it Wherefore reason would we should take him for vnfaithfull yet for thy sake I will vndertake to get him forgiuenesse of the Romanes if he repente his doyngs but if he dissembleth now also loke thou wel to it Archeloe and consider the present state as well for thy selfe as for him Consider howe hée hath vsed his friends and how we haue vsed Eumenes and Massinissa Hee speaking thus Archelous disdeynefull brake his tale as spoken to proue him and sayde that he woulde neuer betray the army that was committed to him yet hope I for peace at thy hand if thou makest reasonable coÌ„ditions Sylla ceassing a while sayd Archeloe if Mithridates doe deliuer vnto me all the
being molested in Spayne by Sertorius and at home in Italie by ciuil warre Therefore saide he thorough their negligence the Sea hathe long tyme béene full of Pyrates Confederates haue they none nor willingly auye wil be vnder them Do you not sée these noble men sayde hée shewing Varius and the Lucians to be enimies to their Country and friends to vs When he had said thus and stirred his armye hée wente into Bythinia Nicomedes beyng dead without a chylde and leauyng his kingdome to the Romanes And Cotta that was presidēt there a man of litle skill in warre fledde to Calchida with his power and Bithynia was agayne vnder Mithridates all the Romanes fléeing to Cotta into Calchide And Mithridates comming thither Cotta for lacke of experience came not foorth Nudus his admirall with part of the army tooke the stronger parte of the fielde from the whiche beyng driuen hée fled to the gates of Chalcide by many hedges with great paine At the gate there was great thrust of them that would get in so as no darte was caste in vayne of them that folowed Wherefore the kéepers beyng afrayde of the gates they let the barres fall from the tower and tooke vp Nudus and other Capitaynes by ropes The other did perishe betwéene their fréendes and their enimies holdyng vp their hāds to the other Mithridates vsing the course of good fortune brought his shippes that day to the porte and breakyng the barre that was of yron he burned foure of the enimies shippes and tooke the other thrée score neyther Cotta nor Nudus resistyng kéepyng thēelues within the walles Thrée thousand were slayne of the Romanes Lucius Manlius a Senatour Mithridates loste twentie of the Basternians that first wente into the porte L. Lucullus beyng Consull and chosen generall of this warre brought one legion from Rome and had two of Fimbrias and beside them two more hauing in all thirtie thousand footemen and sixtene hundred horsemen and encamped agaynst Mithridates at Cyzico And vnderstandyng by the fugitiues that the king had thrée thousande men and his victuals brought by the foragers and from the sea he sayde to them that were aboute him that he would take his enimies without any payne and bad them remember it He espied an hill very fitte for his campe from the which he might get forage and kéepe it from his enimie He entended to get it as by it to winne victorie without daunger Beyng but one way very straight to it Mithridates kepte it with strength For so did Taxiles the other Capitaynes aduise him Lucius Manius that came frō Sertorius and made league with Mithridates Sertorius being now dead reuolted secretly to Lucullus sayth beyng receyued he perswaded Mithridates to lette the Romanes go and campe where they would for the two legions that were Fimbrias would straight reuolt and come to the kyng then what néede he vse force and slaughter when he might ouercome without fight Mithridates consenting to this very vnwisely and vncircumspectly suffered the Romanes to passe the streight without feare and to encampe at the hyll by hauyng of the whiche they might haue victuals behinde them brought without feare and Mithridates beyng shut with fennes hilles and floudes could haue none by lande but very litle neyther hauyng way to do it easily nor by force to compell Lucullus for the hardenesse of the passage whiche when he had in his power hée neglected winter beyng at hande the commyng of it by Sea woulde fayle Which when Lucullus perteyued hée put his fréendes in remembraunce of his promise and that hée spake to bée as it were performed Mithridates mighte then peraduenture haue passed thorough the middes of hys enimies with hys multitude but hée lette that passe also and gaue himselfe onely to the gettyng of Cyzico thynkyng by that to remedy bothe the wante and harde way and hauyng plentie of Souldiours wente aboute it by all meanes possible His nauie hée enclosed with a double wall and entrenched the rest of the Citie and set vp many rampiers and engines vpon them and towers and rammes couered and one called Helepolis of an hundred cubites vpon the which an other tower was set casting arrowes and stones diuerse weapons At the portes two Gallies ioyned togither bare an other tower from the which bridges were caste from the engine nigh the wall When all this was ready hée sente thrée prysoners to Cyzicus in shippes to the citie holding vp their hands and praying them to spare the people that were in daunger till Lisistratus their Captaune came to the walles and by a trumpette exhorted them to beare patiently their mischaunce When Mithridites was deceyued of this purpose hée brought the engine by shippes which threwe sodenly bridges vpon the wall and foure men ranne vpon them at the whiche the Cyzians amased for the straungers gaue place but no more commyng forth they tooke courage againe and killed those foure without and threwe fire and pitch vpon the shippes and made them tourne with theyr engine This at this enterprise of the sea the Cyzians had the better That day the third time he brought al his engines by lande at once they within labouring and putting them backe for all their violence The rammes they bet with stones or put them by with collats and brake their dint with peltes of wooll The fierie dartes they quenched with vineger and water and other with clothes cast against them or with sayles wrapped togither stopped the throwe They lefte nothing vndone that menne might doe and although they suffered all labour and resisted the euill yet at night parte of the wall was burned and fell but no manne durste enter for the heate and their Cyzianes made it vp again in the night And not long after a great storme of wind did breake the reste of the kings engines It is reade that this Cittie was in dowrie of Iupiter to Proserpine and the Cyziens honour hir most of all gods When their feast day came that they should sacrifice a blacke cowe they not hauing one made one of paaste when as a blacke cowe came to them by sea whyche going vnder the barre of the hauen ranne into the Cittie came to the temple and stoode at the aulter The which the Cyzians sacrificed with good hope Mithridates friendes counselled him to go from the Cittie being holy but he would not He went to Dindimus an high hill and made a trench from it to the Cittie and set it with towers and with mines digged the wall He sente hys horses leane for lacke of meate and lame for labour into Bythinia Lucullus mette with them as they wente to Rindacus and killed and toke many prisoners of men fiftéene M. of horses sixe thousand and many beasts of burden At this time Eumachus a Captaine of Mithridates ranne ouer Phrygia and slewe the Romanes both women and children then he inuaded Pisidus and
Captaines to make their courses and their onsets and to kéepe their places and to receiue when they fledde from the other that in their chase they should not exceed too far nor be caried aboute in their fighting that it mighte be spéedily done and he sayled to them all and hauing ouerséene all in the Weast in fortie dayes he came to Rome and from thence to Brunduse from Brunduse into the East so long a way he afrayde them all with his sodayne and quicke passage and great preparation and feare of his glory â–ª insomuche as the Pirates that hoped to haue bin too good for him or truely to haue put him to paine ynoughe beyng afraid by and by left their expugnations of other cities and resorted to their wonted holdes and holes So that the Sea was scowred by Pompey without any fight and the Rouers were taken of the Captaines in euery place by parts He wente into Cilicia with a great army and many engins thinking he should haue hadde manye fyghtes and besiegings at their rocky Towers but he néeded none for his glory and greate power making them afrayde and thinking that if they came not to fyght they shoulde finde the more gentlenesse fyrst they deliuered Cragus and Anticragus the greatest forts they had then the mountaine men of Cilicia and in order all yéelded themselues and also muche armour some ready some to be made readye they deliuered and shippes some vpon the stocks some apte to sayle brasse and yron gathered for that purpose and sailes cables and other diuerse matter and a number of prisoners some being in bands for their ransome and some for to worke Their stuffe Pompey burned Their ships he toke The prisoners he sente into theyr Countreys of the which manye founde their graâ—â—s made bycause they were thought to be dead The Pirates that séemed to come to this warre not of malice but for lacke of liuing hée commaunded them to inhabite Mallâ—â— â—dana Epiphaâ—â—â— or any other place desolate and voyde of men in the hard parte of Cilicia some of them he sent to â—yma in Aâ—haiâ— Thus the Pyrats warre that was thought to be most daungerous was ended in few dayes of Pompey Of shippes he tooke â—â—xij Of the that were deliuered three hundred and sixe Of Cities Fortes and other strong places 120. Of the Pirates were slayne in fighte 〈◊〉 These things being done spéedely and beyonde opinion the Romanes highly extolling Pompey being yet in Cilicia those him the Generall of the warre against Mithridates â–ª with like authoritie of a ruler alone where he would inuade and make warre and to make friends or foes of Râ—me whome he thought good and of all the armye that was out of Italy gaue him the authoritie whiche was neuer so giuen to none before him and peraduenture for this they called him Great for the warre of Mithridates was now ended by other Captaynes Pompey gathering hys armye out of Asia dyd encamp in the confynes of Mithridates Mithridates hadde a choyce army of hys owne of thirtie thousande footemen and thrée thousande horsemen and he defended the place whiche being wasted before by Lucullus he had want of victuall Wherfore many fugitiues weÌ„t from him some of the which he threwe downe headlongs some he pulled out their eyes and some he burned therefore the fewer fugitiues weÌ„t froÌ„ him for feare of punishmeÌ„t He was coÌ„â—umed with want therfore he sent Embassadors to Pompey to knowe with what condition he might make peace he answered if thou deliuer our fugitiues and commit thy selfe to vs which when Mithridates heard he asked y fugitiues what they thought and wheÌ„ he saw them afraid he sware he would neuer make peace with the Romanes for their couetousnesse and he deliuered none nor did nothing but they were pryuye to it Thus didde he Pompey laying an ambushe of horsemen bad other go to the front of the Kings battaile and prouoke them And if they came foorth to gyue place as thoughe they were ouercome and bryng them to the place of the ambushe at the whyche they retournyng they mighte gette into the Kynges Campe with them that fledde Whyche hadde beene done in déede if the King fearyng it hadde not broughte oute hys footemen and so they retired Thys was the ende of the fyrste attempt of the horsemen betwéene Pompey and Mithridates The King being molested with want was compelled to go backe and suffer Pompey to come into that parte thinking that being in that wasted place he shoulde suffer many inconueniences but he had prouided victuall to come behind hym going eastwarde againste Mithridates made many Towers and trenches againste him and compassed him in the space of fyue hundred Furlongs that he coulde not nowe easilye come by victualls And the King did not stoppe his entrenching â–ª eyther for feare or for ignorance or for that all euils were nowe to come vppon him and being oppressed againe wyth want he kylled all beasts of cariages onelye horses he spared whiche scarcelye seruing for fyfety dayes in the night he departed with great silence by harde wayes whome Pompey coulde hardly ouertake in a day sauing the tayle Then the King being counseled by his friends to set hys men to the battell would not fight but with his horsmen onlye kéepe backe them that approched and in the night hyd himselfe in thicke woodes The day folowing he tooke a rocky place to the which was one way only to come and there he was kepte with foure handes And the Romanes kept on the contrary side that he shold not escape The next daye eyther of theÌ„ armed their men The forewarders of either part at the side of the hyll skirmished and the horsmen of the Kings were commanded to help their fellows without horses Vpon whom wheÌ„ y Romanes came with their horsmen y kings meÌ„ ran on heaps to y caÌ„p to get their horses to match with y â–ª Romanes â—gallye They that were aboue and armed séeing them come running with showt and not knowing what was done but thinking they hadde fledde another way from the Campe that was taken threwe awaye their armoure and fled and the place being hard one fell vpon an other in the thruste til they fell from the rocks Thus the army of Mithridates thorow the lacke of them that woulde without order take vpon them to helpe their former selowes falling into a consusion was loste The reste of the matter was easy to Pâ—mpey killing and taking the vnarmed and béeyng shut in the rockes of the which tenne thousand were slain and all the Campe with the treasure of gold was taken Mithrdites with his guarde onely fléeing thoroughe the rocky places met with some of the hyred horsemen and thrée thousande footemen They conducted hym to Sinoregia a castle where he had laid vppe muche money and giuing gyfts and a yeares wages to the companions of his flight he carried with him sixe
be comforted And so Spayne was decréed vnto hym as by a foresyght that he would do some thing worthy the noblenesse of hys mynd which the antients did not call greatnesse of minde but rashnesse rather of courage Which when Scipio perceyued he spake to the people again after that sorte that he spake of himself before adding this that his youth should be impedunent to no man He exhorted the Elders to take that prouince if any of them woulde he willingly gaue place But wheÌ„ no man was found to take it he went with the more estimation and admiration of all men into his prouince into the whiche hée led with him â—M footemen and fiue hundred horsemen For Annibal vexing Italie a greater number could not be spared He had mony for their wages and other furniture with eightéene Galleis wyth the which hée sayled into Spaine where reteining the footemen and horsemen that were left he putte them to other and mustered and purged his whole army and then spake to them very nobly so as hys fame wente shortelye ouer all Spaine whiche was wearye of the Carthagies rule The vertue of the Scipians stucke in their mindes and they thought the house of Scipio was sent to them by the will of god Whiche thyng Scipio vnderstanding pretended he did all things by diuine instigation And when he vnderstoode that hys enimies were lodged in foure sundrye places and that in euery campe was fiue twenty thousande footemen and two thousande horse and further that al mony munition as well for Sea as land and also the captiues and pledges of Spaine were in the Cittie that béefore was called Sagunt and nowe named Carthage and that Mago was there to kéep that treasure with .x. M. meÌ„ he thought good to make his â—â—st attempt there being moued by the small number the great abundance and the seate of that Cittie to be as a Forte and a receipte of the warre both by sea and land against Spaine the shorter passage into Libyâ— By these considerations conferring wyth no man he marched at the sunne set riding all night toward this Carthage by daye he was there and made a ditche and treâ—che about it the Carthagies being amazed and the same daye prepared to giue the assaulte He sette engins scales against al parts but only one where the wall was very lowe but compassed with a poole the sea wherefore that place was negligently kepte of the souldiors but y they made it strong in that night with arrowes and stones Scipio tooke the streightes of the Porte that the enimies ships should not escape as hee that trusting in his vertue haped to take the Citie Before day he commanded part of the souldiors to mount the engines to throwe vpon the enimies from aboue other to run the engines at the wall by lawe by sorce Of the other side Mago placed r. M. men at the gates which taking their occasion should sally with their swords only bicause in those streights thei could not vse spears other he coÌ„maunded to kéepe the wals and towers and they there with their engines stones darts arrows boldlye abyd y nÌ„ght The alarm being made both parts omitted no endeuor whiles the stones or arrows were cast from hands or engines Some vsed slings and euerymâ—n did his best in that kinde of armoure that he coulde handle A band of Scipio was hardly handled for y Carthagies that kept the gates issued with their swords made a hotte fray with them that brought the engines and did as much hurt as they tooke till the Romaynes whose courage encreaseth â—â—pâ—rilâ— made them to retire they that defended that wall beâ—â—â—â—tâ—â—ed and they that fought without slâ—â—ng the Romaynes mighte easâ—â—â—e sette their engines to the wall Agaynst whom they that hadde skirmished wente vppe to the wall and so againe the Râ—maâ—nes were putte to fighte Scipio that looked aboute him and exhorted them in all places â–ª perceiued toward y south the place where the wall was low and that the water did fall froÌ„ it according to the course of the sea so that the was before to the breast was now but to the â—â—d legge Whiche thing being perceyued and the matter diligently examined he spent the rest of the day that the sea did encrease by going aboute and encouraging his souldyoures to doe it My Souldyoures sayde he nowe is the time and whilest the help of God commeth to vs scale the wall on this side where the Sea openeth a way vnto vs I will goe before you and saying thus he toke the ladders first with the which he beganne to mount before any other but his gaâ—d and others staying him and the souldyoures takyng the matter in hand the Romanes got vp whome when he perceyued to be vpon certayne towers he badde the trumpetours and drummes goe vp the wall and encourage the Romanes wyth their noyse This thing affraying the enimie they fledde as the Citie had bin taken some of the Romanes fought with them seme ranne and opened the gate to Scipio who entred with his army They of the Citie fledde into houses and other places Mago broughte his souldyoures into the market place whiche béeyng soone ouercome fledde into the Castell with a few which when Scipio assaulted he not being able to defend it all his men vtterly discouraged he yéelded to Scipio This so greate a Citie beyng taken in one day which was the fourth day after his comming he was extolled with infinite prayse of all men beléeuing that he did all things rather by the councell of the gods than of men and so he persuaded himselfe the which opinion he mainteyned all his life taking beginning at this time For this cause hée woulde many times goe alone into the Capitoll and shutte the dores as to be taught of god Wherefore at this day only Scipio â–ª image is broughte out of the Capitoll whereas all others are taken from the common place Then Scipio hauing taken the Citie whiche shoulde be as a receptacle and a storehouse of all things for warre and peace in the whiche greate plentie of armoure shotte and engines and furniture for the Name and thirtie and thrée shippes and corne and manye other things were layde vp as in a common market beside â—â—â—rie golde â–ª and siluer as well coyned as vncoyned and the pledges of Spayne and the captiues of Rome He made sacrifice to God and the next day triumphed Then after he had praysed his souldyoures hée turned his tale to the townesmen renuing the memorie of the Scipios and deliuering all them that were in bondage that wâ—eÌ„ they came to their countreys they mighte winne them to hym These things being thus done he rewarded him most liberally that firste mounted the wall and to the seconde he gaue halfe so much and to the third and others by like proportion The yuorie gold siluer that was left of the pray he put in shippes and
and when he came to the porte the Carthages whiche were come before him brought out their Gallies vnknowen to Syphax against Scipiâ— but he hauing the benefite of the winde with full sayle entred the port before them Syphax receyued them both courteously and talking priuately with them and giuing his faith sent them away He commaunded the Carthagies that layd new traynes againste him to be stayd This perill Scipio escaped when he came to the coast and when he went from thence And it is said that whilest Scipio was with Syphax he sate at the table wyth Asdruball who when he hadde asked him many questions hee greatly wondered at the sight and modestie of him and turnyng to his friends sayd that he was a man to be scared not onely in the warre but also at a table At this time some of the â—â—erians and Celtiberians did yet serue vnder Hanno with whome Martius did encounter and kylled a thousande fiue hundred of them the rest fledde home other seauen hundred horsemen and seauen thousand footemen being with Hanno Martius droue into an hyll where wanting all necessaries they sent to Martius for composition whome hée commaunded to delyuer their Captayne Hanno and the sugitiues and â—â—en tell their message so they tooke Hanno that was hearing of matters and deliuered him and the fugitiues to Martius â–ª he required also the captiues whome when he had receyued he commaunded the Souldyoures to bring a certaine summe of siluer into a playne bycause it was not fitte for them that aske pardon to keepe highe places whiche when they were descended Martius sayde vnto them you are well worthy deathe for where as euery of you haue youre countreys subiect to vs you had rather make warre against vs than oure enimies yet I am content and giue you leaue to goe safe putting off youre armour Whiche when they hearde being all gréeued with it and denying to do it a sharp fight was made in the which halfe of them were slayne the other halfe escaping to Mago He not long before was come to Hannos Campe wyth sixtie Shippes but hearyng of hys calamitie he returned to Gades where beyng in wante he was put in greate feare and there hée rested Sillanus was sente to the Citie of Castaces where when hée was receyued as an enimie he sette hys Campe before the Towne and made Scipio to knowe of it who sending afore what was fytte for the séege followed and by the way gotte the Citie of Illiturga the whyche in the tyme of olde Scipio was friende to the Romanes and when hée was slayne they reuolted priuily and pretendyng to receyue the Romanes armys as a friende delyuered it to the Carthagies Wherfore Scipio béeyng angrie ouercame it in foure houres and tooke it Héere Scipio hadde a wounde in hys necke but not so greate as hée woulde departe from the fyghte tyll hée hadde gotte the Citie for thys cause the armye despising the pray kylled women and children and vtterly destroyed it When they came to Castace he beséeged it in thrée partes but dyd not assaulte it that hée myghte gyue the Castaces tyme to repente bycause he heard they were aboute suche a matter And when they hadde kylled the Captain of the garrison which resisted they deliuered the Citie to Scipio he leauing a certayne honest man of the Citie to kéepe it wente towarde Carthage sending Sillanus and Martius to the Sea to spoyle and wast all that they could There was a Citie called Astapa whiche was alwayes of the Carthagies deuotion When they sawe they were beséeged and knewe that if they came vnder the Romanes power they shouÌ„lde be solde as slaues they brought all theyr goodes and riches into the market place and compassing the same wyth wodde they badde their wiues and children goe vp to it and sware fiftie of the chiefe of the Citie that if the Citie were taken they shoulde kyll their wiues and chyldren sette the wodde on fyre and burne them and themselues When they hadde called the Gods vnto witnesse of the same they issued vppon Martius looking for no suche thyng with the whyche violence the shotte and the Horsemen were putte to flighte The footemen stayd The Astapeans fought valiantlye withoute hope of remedye The Romanes were more in number but the Astapeans were not inferioure in vertue who when they were all slayne the fiftie whyche were in the Citie kylled all the women and chyldren and then kindled the fyre and lepte into it Martius maruelling at the vertue of them refrayned from burning their houses After these doyngs Scipio fell sicke and Martius ruled the army and so the Souldyoures that had spente all vppon pleasure and thought they hadde not receyued worthy rewardes for theyr seruice bycause they hadde nothyng lefte and to whome Scipio ascribed the glory of all hys noble actes they reuolted from Martius and hadde their Campe by themselues and manye of the garrisons and nygh Castels ioyned vnto them and some were sente of Mago with money to persuade them to him They receyued the money but makyng Captaynes and officers of themselues they did all thyngs of their owne authoritie and bounde them to it by oth Scipio hearing of thys wrote vnto them that were authoures and sayde hée coulde not yet rewarde them as they were worthy bycause of his sicknesse and to other he wrote to appease them that were in rage and wrote to all generally as though they had now bin reconciled that he woulde shortly rewarde them all and willed them so soone as might be to come to Carthage for forage These letters being redde some suspected some euill other thinking no hurt thought good to giue credite to them and agréed to goe to Carthage whither when Scipio vnderstoode they were comming he commanded all the Senatoures that were with him that cache one of them should goe with one of the Authoures of sedition and receyuing them into their tentes in shewe of friendshippe to take them priuily Then he commaunded the Tribunes of the souldyoures that the next morning euery of them with their most trusty friendes with their swordes shoulde goe priuily and place them in diuers partes of the citie and when they had fitte places not looking for any other commaundement shoulde immediately kill them if they made any stirre while he spake hys Oration When it was daye he called all the Souldyoures to an assemblie and caused himself to be borne to the Generalles seate They hearing the sounde of the trumpet being ashamed not to awayte vppon their Generall being sicke and thinking they shoulde haue receyued their rewardes came from euerye place part without swords part couered with a little coate bycause they had not time to make them ready Scipio hauing a garde secretely aboute him did firste rebuke them for their déede then said he would put all the blame in the authors of the sedition whome O Souldyoures by your helpe I will
punish Then he commaunded the officers to remoue y multitude further which being done the Senatoures brought the authors of seditioÌ„ forth who crying and praying their fellowes of help the Tribunes that were commanded killed them that durst once make any noyse The multitude when they saw them thus handled and the other armed they were sorrie and helde their peace Scipio commaunding them to bée fyrste killed that cried the other he bound to the pale and beate them with roddes and after beheaded them To the reste of the multitude he signified by the Trumpet that he forgaue them Ê’ by this order the army was reformed Indibilâ— a certaine Prince that béefore obeyed Scipio during the sedition of the souldiours raunged the dominion of Scipio he being followed would not refuse battaile as a cowarde and killed a thousande two hundred of the Romane souldioures But losyng twenty thousande of his men he was compelled to aske peace whome Scipio punished by the purse and receyued hym to grace Massinissa vnknowen to Asdrubal saâ—led into Spaine made amitie with Scipio and promised if he came into Affrica to be his aider Thus he did being otherwise a coÌ„staÌ„t man for this cause Asdrubal that ledde him with hym had espoused his daughter to him whome Syphax loued Whereof the Carthagies thoughte it néedefull for them to holde Syphax agaynste the Romaynes and gaue the maide in marriage vnto him withoute Asdrubals prinitie whiche thing being done Asdrubal was ashamed and kepte it secreate from Massinissa Whiche when he vnderstoode he made league with the Romanes Mago the admirall of the Carthagies despayring of the state of Spaine went into Gallia and Liguria and gathered men with al his mighte The Romanes tooke Gades being lefte of Mago and from that time beganne to send yearely officers to gouerne Spaine a little before the. Câ—L Olympiade which in peace had the office both of a Captaine and a Justice In the which with no greate army Santio was broughte into the forme of a Cittie whiche of the name of Italie was called Italica and after was the Countrey of Adriane and Traiane who were chosen to the rule of the Romaynes Hee returned to Rome wyth a nauie well furnished and and filled with Captines mony and spoyle of al sorts and was receyued of the people of Rome wyth all Ilandes especiallye of the North for the greatnesse and maruellous expedition of his doyngs And euen they that firste enuied him and noted him of boasting confessed the thing to be brought to a glorious end Indibilu after Scipios returne reuolted agayne Wherfore the lieutenaunts of Spaine gathering the ordinarie garrisons togyther and other of the prouince killed hym and condemned the authors of the rebellion and confiscated their goodes Then y were priuie to the mutinie they punished in money spoyled them of their armoure and tooke pledges of them and put greater garrisons in their Towns. These things were done streight after Scipios departure This was the ende of the Romanes first warre in Spaine After the which tyme the Romanes making war with the Galles that dwell aboute Poo and with Phillip king of Macedonie the state of Spaine beganne to be troublesome againe Sempronius Tuditanus and M. Claudius and after theÌ„ Minutius were chosen Generalls and after when there was greater stirre Cato was sent wyth a greater army a young man but seuere and painefull and very notable for hys wysedome and eloquence insomuche as of the people hée was called another Demosthenes who was the principall Oratour of all Grecia When he was come into Spaine to the place called Emporium and vnderstoode that the enimies were togither in a place to the number of sortie thousande he kepte hys Souldioures certaine dayes in exercise and when he determined to fighte he sent the ships which he had with hym to Massilia admonishing the souldioures that it was not to be feared though the ennimie was more in number séeing the vertue of the minde is muche more of price than the multitude And that he had therfore sent away his shippes whereof they had no néede nor were kept but for them that ouercame And when he had saide thus he gaue a fierce onset vpon the enimye and afraying his Souldioures rather than exhorting them as other were wonte to doe when the fight was begunne he ranne to euery part and encouraged the souldiors The fight continued doubtfull night manye falling on both sides and when he wyth thrée thousand had béen vpon an hill to sée al partes of the fight and saw his men were compassed of the enimie he came downe with haste offring himselfe to reâ—â—â— with the formost so crying fighting he brake the enimies aray laid the first foundation of victory He chased y enimy al night he got their camp killed an infinite multitude As he returned al mette with him embraced and congratulated with him as the Authour of victorie These things beyng done he gaue rest to the armye and made destribution of the spoyle Ambassadors came to him from al people of whom he receyued pledges Besides he sent letters sealed to the Citties commauÌ„ding the bearers to deliuer al in one daye appointyng the daye as by coniecture he considred the distance of place as they might make their iorny to the furthest Cittie He coÌ„manded the rulers of euery citie to pul down their wals threatned destruction to them y made any delay Al obeyed being mindful of y losse they had receyued seuerally they durst not resist thinking it had bin coÌ„maÌ„ded to them only not to other and if it were to other they were afraid if other did obey they should be punished if they did disobey And if they alone did obey it was a matter of no greate moment There was no respite for them to send to their neighbors of the souldiors that brought the letters they were vrged to it wherfore euery citie to saue themselues pulled down their wals and that they might haue thanke for their quicke obedience they did it with great spéede By this meane all the Citties that be about the floud Iberus did cast downe theyr walls in one day by the only wisedome of their Captaine they were quiet to the Romanes for the space of foure Olympiades But after the C L. Olympiade great parte of Spaine rebelled from the Romanes bicause they wer in waÌ„t of al necessaries for food Wherfore the matter comming to light Fuluius Flaccus Consull ouercame them and manye fled to their possessions But they that were in most want and got their liuing with robbing assembled al togither at Complega a Citty new made wel defenced that had encreased in a short time froÌ„ hence they many times molested the Romanes and seÌ„t to Flaccus that he shold leaue a cloake an horse and a sword for euery one that he had killed and flée out of Spaine before worse hapned vnto him
tayle of the armye and tooke some of the cariage Notwithstanding they came after and brought a hundred horsemen and saide their hurte in the carriage was done by the errour of some that knewe not the couenauntes Marcellus made the hundred horsmen prisoners and solde their horses then he ranged their lande and gaue the pray to the souldioures and encamped at their Cittie where when they sawe their engines broughte and their trenches made they sente oute an Heraulte wearing a Woolfs skinne to aske pardon whiche he denyed to giue except the Aruacceans Bellans and Titthians woulde sewe for them the whiche those nations did willinglye praying that a reasonable payne beyng putte vppon them they mighte be broughte to the league of Gracchus Some of them denied that bicause they hadde bin at strife Marcellus sent the Ambassadoures of both parts to Rome there to dispute their controuersies and secretly wrote to the Senate to compounde the matter for he desired the war might be ended in his time thinking it would be for his glory The Ambassadoures of the friendes were receyued into the Cittie they of the enimies were lodged without the Cittie as the manner is The Senate would haue no peace being grieued they were not brought into the Romanes power as Nobilior would haue done that was Generall in Spaine before Therefore the Senate aunswered the Ambassadors that Marcellus should declare their plesure there forthwith sent an other army into Spaine And then was the first time that souldiors wer takeÌ„ by lot not by choice as had béene before For manye did reproue the Consulls as not vsyng themselues truely and sincerely in the choise of soldiors that they might seÌ„d to lighter enterprises as cause reqâ—â—â—â—d Therfore it séemed good then to take their soldiors by lotte of whome L. Lucullus was made Generall to whom Cornelius Scipio was lieutnant that shortely after gotte Carthage and Numantia Whiles Lucullus was comming Marcellus proclaimed warre againste the Celtiberians to whome he rendred their pledges they requiring them yet he deteyned hym long with him that wente Embassadoure for them to Rome for what cause it is vncertaine There was a suspition then which was beléeued much more by a thing that happened that is that he persuaded these people to committe their matters to him for he didde what he could to make an end of the warre before Lucullus came For after those controuersies there were fyue thousande Aruacceans that tooke Nergobrigem and Marcellus wente to Numantia and encamped within fyue myle of the Citie and droue the enimies into it Wherfore Linteuon Captain of the Numantines cried and said he woulde deale with Marcellus And being come in to talke hée saide he would leaue the Bellans Titthians and Aruacceans whom when Marcellus had accepted willingly he commaunded money and pledges to be deliuered which when he had receyued he let those people go frée This end had the warre of the Bellans Titthians and Aruaceans before the comming of Lucullus But Lucullus partly for desire of glorie and partly for néede for he was poore ledde his armie agaynst the Vacceans whiche be a people in Celtiberia next to the Aruacceans notwithstaÌ„ding the Senate determined nothing of them nor they had euer bin enimies of the people of Rome Therefore when he had passed the floude Tagus he came to the citie of Caucâ—a and there encamped They of the towne asked why he came for what purpose he molested them that were in quiet rest Who when he had answered that hee came to helpe the Carpetanes whom they had iniured they returned into the city And when the Romanes wente for forrage they kylled many which being vnderstoode the army was brought forth and they mette and fought The Caucaeans a while had the better til their shotte fayled them then they fledde not being good at a firme battell and so thrusting together at the gate there were thrée thousand slayne The next day the olde men came forth and besought Lucullus to tell them what they might doe to kéepe the Romanes fauour He required pledges an C. talentes of silner and y their horsemen shoulde serue with him which when it was graunted he saide he woulde put a garrison in the Citie and they did not denye that He put two thousand choyce souldyoures into the citie whome he commaunded to take the walles whiche béeyng done he brought in all his army and killed all without respect of age and thus by extreame crueltie they were all slaine calling vpon the Gods and the faith of the oth by the whiche the Romanes had sworne and charging the Romanes with infidelitie by the which they had murthered twenty thousande a fewe except that were in the strong and rocky places Lucullus spoyled the Citie and gaue the prey to the Souldioures purchasing an immortall infamie to the name of Rome All they of the Countrey assembled and came out of the playnes into the hils and into the strong townes carrying so muche with them as they could burning the rest that Lucullus shoulde haue no profite of them When Lucullus had made a long iourney by the hard and deserte way he came to a Citie that is called Enderacia into the whiche more than twenty thousand footemen were fledde and two thousand horsemen Lucullus suche was his foolishnesse inuited them to composition to whome they obiected the calamitie of the Vacceans asking if he woulde exhorte them to suche amitie Lucullus being angry for their obiection as the manner is of them that do naught whereas they should rather be angry with themselues wasted their land â–ª and beséeged their Citie made many trenches â–ª and continually prouoked them to fight One of them very faire in armour came many times forth on horsehacke and prouoked any Romane to fighte hand to hand and when no man answered him he laughed and scorned the Romanes and wente leaping and reioyeing home Doyng this very oft it gréeued Scipio that was a yong man who came forthe and toke the matter in hande and by the benefite of fortune ouercame the greate straunger he being but of small stature which gaue courage to the Romane But in the night they were diuersly affrighted for all the horsemen of the Barbarians whiche were gone a foraging before the Romanes came and coulde not get into the Citie ranne vpon the Camp with great alarms and they of the Citie did the like with greate vehemence sore troubling the Romanes who being afflicted wyth watche for all that night they were compelled to watche in armoure and not accustomed to the meates of that countrey and hauing neyther wyne salte nor oyle nor vinegre and did eate sodden wheate and barlie and muche fleashe of Dere and Hare without salte they fell into flixes of the whiche many dyed Thus they continued tyll they hadde brought their trenches to due height whiche being done they beat downe one part of
kil themselues and some their children also rather than they shoulde bée â—â—aues Manye citties that then helde with Brutus rebetled shortely after and were subdued of hym againe And for these causes when he came to Labrica that had ofte made peace with him then were disobedient they desired pardon and woulde doe all things at his commaundement He required hostages the Romaine râ—nneawaies and all their armour and lastly that they should leaue their Cittie Al the whiche when they hadde done he called them quietly to an assembly and when he had compassed them with his army he put them in remembraunce how oft they had reuolted and made warre and made them so afraide as they might feare a worse punishement In the ende â—eing satisfied with that rebuke he refrayned from â—urder paine But he tooke from them horse corne and common money and all other publike preparation and beside all their hope suffered them to lyue in their country â–ª Which things when he had thus done he returned to Rome I haue declared al this in the historie of Viriatus In this time other folowing his example exercised robberies and Viriatus â–ª that he might come to some end sente Ditalâ—one and Minâ—râ— to Caepio the whiche being corrupted by many promisesâ— vndertooke to kill Viriatus The matter was tâ—us handled Viriâ—tus vâ—ed little sléepe after moste greate laboures and â—or the moste parte slepte armed that he might be readye at all soâ—â—â—ne chaunâ—es For this cause it was lawfull for hys friends to come to hym by night Whiche manner the conspiratoures knowing and marking the firste houre of hys sléepe entred hys house armed â–ª as for some greate matter and cut hys throate â–ª for in any other parte they could not hurte him And when no man â—eardâ— the noise of the déede for the facilitie of the cutte they escaped to Caepio and required their rewarde To whome he â—orthwith gaue al they did possesse and whatsoeuer was in their power but as touching their rewarde â—ée sente them â—o Roâ—e Viriatus friends and the whole army when it was â—aye â—arried for him and thinking he had rested maruelled at that alteration and so went in and found him dead in his armour wherfore great sorrowe was made in al the Campe euerye man lamenting his harde happe thinking on the danger they were in and the Captaine they had loste and it moste grieued them that they coulde not fynd the killers Therefore they burned his body with muche honoure vppon a great stacke killing many sacrifices in his reuerence and as well the footemen as the horsmen after the Barbarian manner wente aboute the fyre and extolled him to heauen with their praise At laste when the fire was out and the funerals finished they made many turneymeÌ„ts hand to hand at his sepulchre so great loue and desire did Viriatus leaue to his men who thoughe he were a Barbarian yet he was moste skilfull in gouernement most warie in perils and aboue all other bolde in â—espisyng them and moste iuste in diuiding his pray For he could neuer be brought to take any whitte more than the reste althoughe hée were desired and that hée tooke he gaue to the valiant â—ort Wherby it came to passe that is most harde and to this daye hath not happened to any Captaine that hys armye gathered of all kinde of nations eighte yeares togither whiche the warre continued was euer most obedient to him without mutinie and endured to the vttermost moste ready to abide all daunger And when they had created Tantalus for their Captaine they went towarde Sâ—gunt which Cittie when Annibal had destroyed and restored he called it Carthage of the name of his country And being driuen from theÌ„â—e by Caepa that was alwaies at their backes when he had passed the floude Betis béeing wearye he yéelded himselfe and his army to Caepa He tooke al hys armor and appoynted them a good land to lyue in that they shoulde no more be driuen to robbe Nowe oure history shall retourne to the warres of the Vacceans and the Numantines whom Viriatus caused to reuolt Caecilius Metellus sent from Rome with more men shortely ouercame the Vacceans whereby the reste were disco mâ—â—ted put in feare c. ¶ There remayned yet Termantia and Numantia in an hylly place diuided with two floudes and compassed with hylles and thicke wooddes bending into the playne onely one waye at the which part it was fortified with many ditches and pillâ—urs ouerthwart The Numantines were good eight thousand meÌ„ bothe on horse and foote and with so small a number suche was their manlinesse they put the Romanes to muche paine Metellus at the ende of winter deliuered his army to Q. Metellus Aulus his successor in the which was thirtie thousaÌ„d footemen and two thousand horsmen wel armed and practised c. ¶ And when Pompeius had his campe at Numantia from thence went into a certaine place the Numantines descending from an hil destroyed his horsemen that ranne to him Who when hée was retourned broughte foorthe his batayle to fyghte in the playne The enimies comming down gaue a charge vpon hym and by by as though they had bin afraide retired vnto the hil till they had brought theÌ„ to the places where the ditches and ouerthwart beames were layde so as Pompey perceyuing he was in these skirmishes ouermatched of them that were inferioure to hym he tourned hys armie towarde Termantia thinking to doe better there where they fought with him to his losse of seauen hundred Beside that the Termantines put a Tribune to flight that was comming with victuals and in one day giuyng thrée onsets on the Romaynes they droue them thrice into sharpe and rocky places and threwe many of their footemen and horsemen togither with their horses from the hylles and rockes so as the reste being afraide remayned al night in armor and when it was day comming foorth in order of battaile they fought doubtfullye till night ended the fight Pompey in the night made hast to Malia wyth his horsemen whiche place the Numantines helde with a garrison But the Malians killing the garrison by treason deliuered the Citie to Pompey who receyuing armoure and pledges of them went to Sueditania which a certayne Capitaine named Tanginus did spoyle wyth his armie Pompey fought with him and ouerthrewe him and tooke manye of hys souldyoures But suche manhoode was in these théeues as none of them woulde lyue Captiue but some killed themselues some theyr Maisters some made holes in the â—hip that caried theÌ„ to sincke it Pompey beyng returned to Numantia went about to turne the floude that was in the playne an other waye that he mighte presse the Citie with famine The Townsemen droue the labourers from their worke and comming by bandes without trumpet they threwe darts and arrowes vpon them that they should â–ª not tourne the floude and fought at hande with them that
come vpon Pausimachus on the backe by lande At mydnyghte he set forwarde and at the mornyng watche beyng asléepe hée assayled hym He being taken thus sodainelye and vnprepared commaunded hys souldioures to leaue their shippes and resiste the enimy by lande But when Nicander came vpon him on the backe thinking the land beset also not onely of them whom hée sawe but of many mo beyng yet night he returned agayne to hys shyppes wyth muche adoe and was the firste that fought and the firste that fell vsing himselfe very valiauntlye The other were eyther taken or suncke sauing the seauen that carryed fyre wyth whome none durste meddle for the flame which fledde The rest Polyxenides ledde awaye as pryses to Ephesus After thys victorye Phocea once againe Samos and Cyme reuolted to Aâ—iâ—â—ochus Liuius beyng nowe afraide of hys Shyppes that hée lefte in Aeolide sayled thither in haste and Eumenes with hym The Rodians sent the Romanes twentye Shyppes more making no delaye all wyth good courage sayled to Ephesus preparing themselues to the fight But when none of the other came against them they lefte the halfe of their shippes a good time in the sea and with the other halfe they spoyled the coaste of the enimie tyl Nicander came vppon them from the lande and taking their praye from them droue them to their Shippes They came again to Samos â–ª and nowe was the time of Liuius office expired At this tyme Seleucus Antiochus his sonne inuaded Eumenes lande and besieged Pergamo shutting the men within the Cittie Wherefore Eumenes sayled wyth spéede to Elaea whyche is the porte Towne of his Kyngdome and L. Aemilius Regulus wyth him that succéeded Liuius in the matters of the sea There came to Eumenes from hys confederats one thousand footemen and a hundred choise horsemen Whose Generall Diophanes when hée perceyued the Souldiours of Seleucus to play and drinke he passed little of them and required the Pergameneans to sally out with him vpon the enimy But when they durste not do it he armed hys own thousand footemen and hundred horsemen and leading them to the wall stoode there quietly the enimies lookyng stil vpon them being so few yet durst not set vpon them But when they were at dinner he gaue the onset vpoÌ„ the warders the other arming theÌ„selues or taking their horses or fléeing from them that folowed or béeing in confusion durste not abide it He hadde a noble victorie the Pergamenians then crying oute of the wall but yet durste not come foorth He hauing slaine as manye as he coulde in that shorte onset and carying away some horses and men prisoners he tooke hys place the next day brought the Acheans to y wal when as the Pergamenians durste not yet come out Seleucus with many horsemen drewe neare and prouoked hym but hee stoode still at the wall and kept his charge When Seleucus hadde tarryed tyll middaye hée tourned and wente awaye Diophanes set vppon the hindermost and scattered and hurte many of them whyche béeyng done hée retired to the wall And vsyng thys manner continuallye and alwaies laying in wayte for them when they went for forrage and wood he so troubled them as he made Seleucus to leaue Pergamâ— and droue hym from the other place of Eumenes Betwéene the Romanes and Polyxenides not long after was a fyght by sea at Myonesâ—m in the whiche Polixenides hadde ten hundred armed shippes Lucius the Romanes Admirall hadde .83 of the whiche fyue and twenty were of the Rhodians whereof Eudorus beyng capitaine had the left wing When he did sée the other of Polixenides to be much aboue the Romanes he feared to bée inclosed therefore he sayled aboute with his lighte shippes and well practised in the Sea. And with his shippes that carryed fyre he set vppon Polixenides flaming on euery side with fire They durste not deale wyth them bicause of the fire but in a circle sayled about them and auoyding them kéeping the sea stroke the sides of them till one Rhodian shippe fell vppon one of the Sydonian Shippes wyth suche a vehemence as an anker fell from the Sidonian Shyppe in to the Rhodian and helde them faste togither So as there was a fight of shyppes not mouing as it had bin vpon the lande Then commyng of either side very many to helpe their fellowe there was a noble fyghte By this me ane thâ—midde battell of the Shyppes of Antiochus beyng lefte naked the Romaynes sayled forwarde and enclosed theyr vnexperte ennimyes whyche when they perceyued they turned and fledde in the whyche the King loste nine and twentye whereof thyrtéene were taken menne and all The Romanes loste but twoo Polixenides hauyng taken one Rhodian went to Ephesus This was the fyghte by Sea at Myonesium When Antiochus heard of this he fortified Cherronesus and Lysimachia verye stronglye thinking it a greate matter as it was indéede to héepe the Romanes from passyng wyth theyr armye to the reste of Thracia where they shoulde haue an harde and painefull way except Philip did conuey them But Antiochus beyng aâ—â—â—ies lighte and soone chaunging when he hearde of the losse at Myonesus hée was vlterlye dysmayed and thoughte God was againste hym For where the Romanes hadde the better on the sea beyonde all reason in the whiche he thought himselfe very mighty and Anniâ—al shutte vppe in Pamphilia and Philip conducting the Romaynes by the vnknowne wayes whome he thoughte woulde rather haue remembred the hurte he hadde by them by all these thinges béeing meruellously troubled and God taking his wiâ—â— from hym as commonly hapneth in all calamities he left Cherronesus very fondly before his enimies were in sighte not regarding howe greate preparation there was of victuall armoure money and munition whyche hée dydde not burne but lefte it whole to his ennimyes and he forsooke the Lysimachians as thoughe the Cittie hadde bene taken whyche fledde vnto hym with theyr wiues and children wéeping onelye hys care was to kéepe the Romaynes from Abydus putting the reste of his hope of thys warre altogyther in it Neyther dydde hée kéepe this passage God taking his sense from hym but went to the midde lande in haâ—â—e to preuente hys ennimye leauing no guarde there When the Scipions hearde of thys departure they went to Lysimachia in all haste and tooke all the armoure and money in Cherroneso and quicklye passed Hellespont voyde of defence and came to Sardies where the Kyng was before he perceyued it Then hée was confounded and vtterlye deiected and laying hys owne faultes vppon Fortune hée sente Heraclides of Byzance to the Scipions to make an ende of the warre offering Smyrna and Alexandrîa at Granico and Lampsaco for the whiche the warre béeganne and halfe the expences of the warre And hée willed him 〈◊〉 néede were to graunte the Citties of the Ionians and the Eoleans that tooke the Romaynes parte in thys warre and whatsoeuer thyng the Scipions woulde require
the men of armes whose horse for the waighte of the armoure could hardly escape the danger of the sithes Great was the trouble and the confusion diuers which beganne chiefly of these and weÌ„t through the whole battell and for ignoraÌ„ce was more than it néeded For in a long rowe and thicke multitude of men with a diuers crie and greate feare the truth was not perceyued of them that were next the hurt persons and suspition made euery man thinke the thing greater than it was When Eumenes did sée the firste succéede happily to him and the fore-ward with the Chariots that the Camels did couer to be naked he set his owne horsemen and as many as he had of the Romanes and Italians against the contrary part of the Galatians and Cappadocians and the other route of strangers exhorting theÌ„ with loude voice to dispatch these ignorant men being destitute of their defence They were ready giuing a fierce onset vpon them they made thâ— turne and the men of armes that were ioyned to them which were disordred before of the Chariots bicause these coulde most hardly flée or turne by reason of theyr waight they tooke theÌ„ and killed theÌ„ And this was done at the left battell of the Macedonians In the right wing where Antiochus was breaking the battell of the Romanes he made them flée and followed them The great battell of the Macedonians being sette with the Horsemen in a streight place and guadrate and voyde of Horsemen on eyther side receyued the skirmishers that fought at the front of them diuiding themselues and closing againe Domitius with his Horsemen and lighte harnesse easilie compassed them as a thicke square neither fitte to gyue onset nor enlarge themselues being so broad They manfully abode much force and were greeued that for all their experieÌ„ce they could do no good but stand to receyue the stripes wounds of their enimies on euery side Only they stretched forthe their pikes in square manner and chalenged the Romanes to trie their manhoode hand to hande with them for the which they hadde so much prayse yet did they not march forth being on fote heauie harnessed and seing their enimies with horse chiefly that they should not dissolue their sure aray The Romanes came not vpon them nor woulde fight with them fearing the experience and strength of so valiant men but running aboute them dyd shoote and dart at them and neuer missed so many being closed in so little roome for neyther could they auoyde the dartes nor approch to them that threw vpon them Wherefore when they had endured a long time of very necessitie they gaue backe and turned their way with threats very orderly and fearefull to the Romanes for neither then durst they sette vpon them but hurte them as they could go about them till the Elephants brake vppon the Macedonians battell whiche woulde not be ruled by their guides and then there orderly retiring was altered In this Domitius had the vpper hand and passing to the Campe of Antiochus forced them that kepte it Antiochus chaced the Romane legions a great way which had neither horsemen nor light harnesse to gard them Domitius thinking they shoulde not néede bycause of the floud till he came to the Romanes Campe where the Captaine that had the charge with fresh Souldiours resisted his violence and to them ioyned they that â—edde and were the more bolder So the king returned being very proude and haulte for this victorie nothing knowing yet of that was happened on the other side Attalus brother to Eumenes wyth many Horsemen encountred with the king through the whiche he passed and hurte them kéeping his course with the losse of a few not caring for them But when he did sée the losse and all the field full of his dead people men horse and Elephants and his Camp taken by force he fledde without ceassing in he came to Sardeis aboute midnight and from Sardeis to Celaena whyche they call Apamea whither hée vnderstoode hys sonne was fledde The next daye he went from Celaena to Syria leauing hys Captaines at Celaena to receyue and gather togither them that fledde and sent Ambassadoures to the Consull for to ceasse war who was burying his dead souldiors and spoyling his enimies and gathering the captiues Of the Romanes that were of the Cittie there was slaine foure and twentye horsemen and thrée hundred footemen chiefly of them whome Antiochus slewe Eumenes loste no more but fiftéen horsemen The Kyngs losse with hys confederates was iudged to be fiftie thousand which could not well be numbred for the multitude all the Elephants were slaine saue fiftéene which were taken After thys victorie so noble beyonde all reason as some thoughte not beyng lyke that so fewe in a straunge Country should ouercome so many especially where the Macedonian Phalanx was furnished full of men whiche for the valiauntnesse was terrible and thought inuincible the friendes of Antiochus accused his rashenesse in falling out with the Romaines and his vnskilfulnesse and foolishnesse from the beginning that he lefte Cherronesus and Lysimachia oute of hys handes full of munition and money before the Romanes came alande to trye it and neglected the guarding of Hellespont the whiche the Romanes thoughte they could not easlye passe by force They blamed also his last ouersight making his chief strength vnprofitable by plaeing it so streight putting his trust more in mingled multitude of men that were fresh soloures than in men that for experience and time were acquainted with the warre and by the continuaunce of the same were endued with valiauntnesse and courage These spéeches were made of Antiochus The Romanes encreased incourage and thought nothing too harde for them bothe for their vertue and the fauoure of the Gods. This did make to the opinion of their felicitie that being so few against so many in an expedition and in the first fight in a straunge land they should ouercome in one daye so many nations so princely a power both for the vertue of the hired soldioures and the glorie of the Macedonians and for the great dominion of the King as he hadde gotten the surname of Great For in their spéeche and talke King Antiochus the Great was a greate word among them The Romanes thus gloried of themselues The Consul after his brother Publius was come recouered from Elaea answered Antiochus Ambassadors which required to learne what Antiochus shoulde do to be a friend to the Romanes Publius answered thus vnto them Antiochus hathe bin the cause bothe of these and former troubles thorowe hys ambition who hauing a greate Kyngdome and the Romanes suffring him to haue it tooke from Ptolomie hys kinsman and friend to the Romanes Caelesyria and inuaded Europe where he had nothing to do he subdued Thracia he fortified Cherronesus and builded Lysimachia He came into Grecia made the Grecians bond whom the Romanes had made frée til he was ouercome in
went into Italie The Romaines Captaines in Iberia P. Cornelius Scipio and C. Cornelius Scipio being brethren and hauing done many noble aâ—â—eâ— were both slaine of the enimies and the Captaines after them did but â—uill till Scipio the sonne of Publius Scipio that was slaine in Iberia sayled thâ—ther and putting an opinion in all men that he went in gods name and vsed a diuine counsel in all his doâ—â—â—s he had a glorious victorie and being therfore of gret râ—â—oume hedeliuered his army to them that were sent to be his successours and went to Rome he obtayned an army to be sent into Libya to driue Annibal out of Italie and to plague the CarthaginiaÌ„s in their own countrey Some of the rulers of the citie spake against it that bicause Italy was troubled with so gret war Annibal yet wasting of it Mago in y sides of it hyring straÌ„ge souldiers in Ligurie France it was not good to make war vpon Libya nor to inuade another Country til the present hurt were healed at home Some thought that the Carthaginians whyche now without feare did ouertunne Italie bycause they were not vexed at home if warre were made vppon them woulde sende for Annibal Thus it was obtained to sende Scipio into Libya not suffering him to gather men in Italy being yet wasted by Annibal but graunting him to leade such as would willingly goe with hym and to vse them that were yet in Sicelie gyuing him leaue to prepare tenne gallies and to make supply for theÌ„ and to take them that were in Sicelie Money they gaue him none except any man for friendshippe would contribute vnto him So slenderly began they this warre at the first which after redounded to their great honour Thus Scipio inflamed as from God against Carthage and gathering .vij. thousand horse and footemen at the most sayled into Sicelie hauing with hym for his guarde thrée hundred chosen yong striplings whom hée commaunded to folow without armoure He appointed thrée hundred of the wealthy Sicilians to come at a day assigned furnished with as good armour and horse as they coulde When they were come he graunted them if they would to giue other to serue in their place where with being all content he brought forth the thrée hundred that were vnarmed and willed them to chaunge with them they willinglye deliuered both horse and harnesse so Scipio had 300. Italians for as many Sicilians very well furnished with goodly horse and armoure who gaue him great thanks and he had theÌ„ continually most ready in seruice The Carthaginians hearing this sent Asdrubal Giscanes son to hunt for Elephants and sent to Mago that made men in Liguria sixe thousande footemen eight hundred horse and seauen ElephaÌ„ts commaunding him with as many more as he could to scoure the Tuscane sea and to kepe Scipio froÌ„ Libya Mago made no hast bicause he could not ioyne with Annibal being so farre of also for that he euer foresaw the end Asdrubal coÌ„ming â—râ— the hunting gathered of the Carthaginians and Libyans six thousand footemen of either 600. horse and he bought 500. slaues to row in the gallies and 2000. horsemen of the Numidians and hyred strangers and trayned them all 200. furlongs from Carthage The Princes that were in Libya were of seuerall dominions of al the which Syphax was of gretest honour with al men Massinissa also the sonne of a noble king of high bloud of Massulia was nourished and brought vp in Carthage of goodly body good behauiour Asdrubal Gâ—sgo inferiour to none in Carthage had dispoused him to his daughter though she were of Carthage and he a Numidian when he had ensured them he carryed the yong man with him into Spaine where he was Captaine Now Syphax that was in loue with â—â—â— maâ—de mâ—â—ded the CarthaginiaÌ„s and made league with 〈…〉 〈…〉 from Spaine to inuade Carthage The Carthaginiâ—â— hearing of it and thinking it a great furtherance to the â—â—â—anes war to haue Syphax ayde they gaue the Virgin to him vnknowen to Asdruâ—al Massinissa being in Spain Massinissa disdaâ—ning at this did also confeder with Scipio in Spaine keping it secret as he thoughte from Asdrubal Who vnderstanding of it was grieued at the iniury that was made to his daughter and the yong man yet thought it beste for his Countrey to dispatche Massinissa and where he should go into Libya from Iberia after the death of his father he sent some to conducte him commaunding as secretely as they coulde to kil Massinissa He perceyuing it fledde and gotte hys fathers kingdome and gathered horsemen with continuall exercise day and night vsing them with much shot on horsebacke to giue onset and retire and to charge againe all their fight consisting in flying and chasing And hauing gathered twentye thousande of them he ledde them to huntings or prayes of other nations by the which he thought to make them endure payne and labour For the Numidians can abide hunger and vse herbes in steade of corne and drinke water altogither Their horse neuer tastbarley but alwayes eate grasse and drinke but seldome The Carthaginians and Syphax thinking this exercise that this yong man made was against them for they were not ignoraunte wherein they had offended him determined firste to make war and ouercome him and then to méete with the Romanes Syphax the CarthaginiaÌ„s were many moe with chariots and cariage for aboundaunce Massinissa would himselfe begin the labour hauing only horsemen no cariage nor forrage that he might the more easily flie and turne again vpon his enimies and retire to strong places and being many times circumuented diuided his armie that they might the better flée by partes he hiding himselfe with a fewe till they might come to him by night or day as was appointed He being the thyrde man dyd once lye hidde in a haue the enimies camping about it We neuer stayd in campe but euer led his army to be vnknown wher he was so as the enimies coulde not come to hands with him but only kepe him backe when he came to them His foode was euery day what he could get at night were it in field town or Citie catching and spoyling euery thing and diuiding it to hys companions Wherefore many Numidians came vnto him no wagies being appointed but to take the gayn that was much better Thus did Massinissa warre with the Carthaginians WheÌ„ Scipio had made all thing ready in Sicelie he sacrifised to Iupiter Neptune came toward Libya with 52. long ships 400. ships of burden and many pinesses and foysts folowed He led an army of sixtéene thousand footemen a thousand sixe hundred horsemeÌ„ he caried also much armour and munition and much victuall and sayled â—â— The Carthaginians and Syphax hearing of it purpâ—sed to deâ—â—â—ue Massinissa and to 〈…〉 him to societie till they had ouercome 〈…〉 He not being ignoraunt of their deceites layde the like for them â–ª
to do a notable feate againe Firste he mette with the Massulians and fought with them and this fighte was onely betwéene Massinissa and Anniball They fiercelye going to it Massinissa stroke Annibals target he hitte Massinissas Horse who being a foote flewe vppon Anniball and killed his Horse comming vppon hym before all other The dartes of the other he receyued vppon hys shielde and drewe one of them that stucke vppon it and threw it at Annibal missing him and killed the nexte Horse Then drawing out another he was wounded on the arme and went oute of the battell for a whyle When Sâ—â—piâ— hearde of it he was afrayde of Massinassa and came to the fraye and found Massinissa horsed and going to the field againe hauing tyed his wound The fight was equall agayne and very sore on both fides eyther being afrayde of their capitaynes tyll Annibal dydde see the Iberians and Frenchmen ne staying vppon an hill and roade to them to bring them forth againe They that foughte not knowing the cause thinkyng his going had bin a flying lefte the fighte willyngly and fledde disorderedly not lookyng toward Annibal but euery man where he coulde Thus they brake and the Romaines as the fielde hadde bene fully gotte pursued them out of order neyther they vnderstanding of Annibals purpose who returned with the Spaniards and Frenchmen Wherefore Scipio called his men againe from the chase with spéede and set them in order being more than they that came from the hyll wherefore he mighte the more easily resist them Annibal being deceyued of this laste hope fledde now vtterly dispayring of all things Manye horsemen followed him specially Massinissa beyng grieued with his wounde euer at hande and desirous to haue brought him prisoner to Scipto but the night diuided them and Annibal in the darke with twentie horsemen that could folow him fled into a Cittie called Thonne whither when he vnderstoode that many horsemen of Bâ—utia and Iberia were come from the field and fearing the Iberians as barbarous and cruel and doubting the Brutians being Italians and countrey men to Scipio least they woulde leade him to Scipio to be forgiuen their faulte against Italiâ— priuily he fled with one horseman whom he trusted best and running three thousand â—urlongs in two nightes and two dayes he came to a Citie at the sea called Adrumetâ— where parte of his armye was for victuall sending aboute and gathering them that fledde he made armoure and munition Scipio hauing got so noble a victorie burned the vnprofytable spoyle beyng gyrded as the Romanes Generalls be went He sent to Rome ten talents of golde and .ij. M .v. C. of siluer and wrought Iuorie and the most noble prisoners Lâ—lius being the messenger of the victorie The reste he tooke to honor his souldiours and gaue giftes to them that did beste and to Massinissa a Crowne and then he went and tooke the Cities And this was the ende of Annibal and Scipios fighte in Libya and the first time that they fought togither There dyed of the Romaynes two thousand fiue hundred and of Massinissas more of the enimies fiue and twenty thousand of prisoners were taken eighte thousande fiue hundred of the Iberians thrée hundred yeelded to Scipio of the Numidians eight hundred to Massinissa Neyther the Carthaginians nor the Romanes yet hearing of it they of Carthage sent to Mago gathering yet Frenchemen to inuade Italie if hée coulde or to sayle into Libyâ— wyth hys hyred souldioures The Romanes intercepting these letters sent to Scipio an other army of horse and footemen and Shyppes and money Scipio sent Octauius by lande to Carthage and hymselfe went by water When they of Carthage vnderstoode Annibals ouerthrow they seÌ„t Ambassadours in a pynnesse of the which Hanno Magnus and Asdrubal Haedus were chiefe They set vp a banner of peace on the stemme and held vp their hands to Scipio desiring pardon Hée willed them to go to the Campe where he being placed vpon an highe seate gaue them audience They with teares fell to the grounde and being taken vp of the officers were commaunded to say what they woulde Then Annibal 〈◊〉 spake It is my parte O Romanes and this Hanno and as manye as be wise in Carthage to cleare oure selues of this faulte that you put vppon vs For your Embassadoures whom oure people being driuen by hunger offended we saued and sent home yet wée muste not blame all Carthage for some desired peace firste and they had it and kepte it firmely Cities be soone drawne to the worst that whiche is pleasant preuayleth euer with the multitude whiche we haue proued beyng neither able to perswade them nor to stay them For they that did accuse vs and take frée spéeche from vs do not iudge vs O Romanes of our obedience or counsell but if it séemeth a saulte to be slowe to obey blame hunger and the necessitie that droue vs to it for it was not a coÌ„strained act of them so desire peace before and gyue so much money and to deliuer al our long ships saue a fewe and to yéelde a great parte of oure dominion and to sweare to them and to send our othe to Rome our Ambassadors being yet with you and willingly to offend But a manne may blame God chiefly and the storme that droue your corne to Carthage Beside the storme huÌ„ger tooke you that cannot consider well of other mens things beyng in néede of all thinges nor require good reason of a rude and myserable multitude But if you iudge vs to do vniustlye not to be in miserye we confesse and pray forgiuenesse Justification is of them that do not offend and submission of them that do offende to the which the mercy of them that be in prosperitie ought to be the readier beholding the chaunces of men and considering the sodaine mutations that now we do crie for pardon that yesterday were able to do hurte as the citie of Carthage the greatest and mightiest of Libya both in shippes money and Elephants and in army of foote and horsemen many subiects haue flourished these 700. yeares and ruled al Libya and other nations and Ilandes and so great a part of the sea comming against you many times in contention and nowe neyther in Shyppes nor Elephants nor horse nor subiects all the whiche you haue taken from vs haue any hope of helpe but in you whom we haue euill vsed before The whiche you consideryng and marking the alteration of them ought to vse your felicitie the more temperately and doe that shall séeme worthye for your magnanimitie O Romanes and the fortune that Carthage sometime had to put the mutations of â—ate in our misfortunes voide of enuy you may be without blame afore God and deserue prayse of all men There is no feare nowe that the Carthaginians wyll rebel whom so great repentance and paine of their former follie doth fall vppon Good counsell is the kéeper of
Innocencie to wise men to offendoures to repent them for that they haue suffered whom it is like to be the more constant in theyr dueties than they that had neuer suche experience Neither is it fit for you to folow the Carthaginians whome you accuse of cruelty and wickednesse For in them that be in misery want and calamitie is the beginning of offence to them that be in prosperitie it is at their pleasure to vse humanitie It shall be as honorable as profitable for your aucthoritie rather to saue than to kill so greate a Cittie you bée nowe the better Judges of youre commodities Wée bring but twoo thynges to the assurance thereof the worthinesse of dominion that Carthage somtime hath had and youre moderation towarde all men which beyng ioyned wyth armes hath brought you to so great Empire and power What conditions you will gyue vs of peace we will take them of the whiche we can say no more committing all to you When Haedus had saide thus muche he ceased Scipio willing them to auoid conferred with the officers a while and when he had determined he called them and said You be worthy no pardon that so â—ste haue broken peace and lastely deâ—â—ied oure Embassadoures so manifestly and wickedly offending againste vs that you can neyther purge youre selues nor shewe any matter to the contrary but that you are worthy extreame punishement What néede I to accuse them that confesse you flée to prayer that woulde not haue lefte the name of Rome if you had got the victory but we haue done no suche thyng to you your Embassadours being yet in Rome after you had broken the league and violated oure Embassadors our Citie deliuered and béeyng dryuen to myne armye I sente vnhurte to you when you made warre on vs Therefore you ought to thinke it gaine whatsoeuer you receiue hauing condeÌ„ned your selues I will saye what I thinke good and the Senate shall determine what shal please them Wée giue you peace once agayne O Carthaginians if you gyue all youre long Shyppes vnto the Romaynes except ten and all the Elephants you haue and those you tooke before and pay for theÌ„ that be lost I being iudge of the doubts and all the prisoners and run awayes and so many as Annibal brought out of 〈…〉 and thus within thirty dayes after the peace is made And that in threescore dayes Magâ— shall departe out of â—â—gâ—â—â— and that you take your garrisons oute of the Cities whiche be without the â—â—â—â—he of Pâ—â—â—nicia and deliuer the pledges you haue of them And that euery yeare you shall bring two hundred talentes of Euboea for fity yeares That you shall hâ—re no more Frenchmen or Ligurians That you shal make no warre vpon Massâ—â—â—ssâ— nor any other friend of ours nor any of Carthage war against them by the common consent That you shall haue your citie and so muche lande with the Phoenicians ditche as you had when I sayled into Libya That you shal be friends to the Romaynes bothe by sea and lande if the Senate do confirme it and if they do confirme it that the Romanes shall go out of Libya in a hundred and fiftye dayes and if you will haue truce to send to Rome You shall giue vs out of hand an hundred and fifty Ostages of such children as I shall choose And you shall giue to the expences of the warre a thousand talents more and victuall for the army and when the peace is concluded you shall receiue your pledges When Scipio had said thus the Embassadours bare the faults to Carthage The people resorting manye dayes to the counsell the beste sorte thought it good to accept the conditions and not to putte al in hazarde in sticking for somewhat When the corne shoulde go away the people not considering more the present perill than the taking awaye of that they had did resist and were grieued that the rulers should take away their corne for the Romanes in their famme and giue it them in steade of Citizens during the truce They stoode aboute euery of them and threatned to burne their houses and spoyle them In the ende knowing that Annibal hadde gathered sixe thousand footemen and fiue hundred horsemen staying at a Citie named Marthma they called him to be of counsell in these matters He came and the sober sorte being afraide that he being a man of warre woulde haue stirred the people He perswaded verye grauely to receiue the peace The people outragiously spake euill of him and threatned all till the noble men fledde some to Massimssa and some to the Romanes willingly despayring of the Citie The Carthaginians vnderstanding that Annibal hadde gathered corne plentifullye into a Store-house they made muche adoe for it tyll they gote it and diuided it among them In this meane time was newes come to Rome of the newe peace that Scipio had made with them of Carthage And the matter being debated in the Senate house one of the Senatoures saide thus If wée shoulde not agrée to this peace it were both iniurious and vniusteâ—o Scipio the whiche he suspecting as it séemeth when he had declared his minde vnto vs He added That if wée made delay he woulde make peace It is like that hée considereth the matter better than we and séeth more in it bycause he hath al before him if wée doe otherwise we shall offende hys estimation a good Citizen and a noble Capitayne who prouoked vs vnwilling to sende into Affrica and hauyng no army of vs did gette one himselfe and hathe promoted vs so farre as we could not hope Therefore it is to be wondered that you that were so faint at the beginning in the warre are nowe so earnest and vehement Nowe if any man thinketh all to bée well and yet feareth that the Carthaginians will breake thys league it is nowe moste like they wyll kéepe the peace being so ofte afflicted for breaking of it and that henceforth they will kéepe Justice better beyng fallen on the knée by vnrighteousnesse It is not a like counsell nowe to despise the Carthaginians as of no power and againe to feare that they might rebell It is more easie for vs to kéepe them that they shall no more rise than to destroy them presently For nowe they wil fighte of desperation whom we might kepe vnder with feare They haue euils ynow without vs wyth whome all their neighbours are grieued for their crueltie And Massinissa a man moste faithfull to vs shall euer lye in wait of theÌ„ But if any man do contemne al this and thinketh only how he may succéede Scipio and of hys owne commoditie and to haue the like successe that hée hath had in the ende what shall we do with the Citie if we happe to take it shall we destroy it vtterly bicause they spoyled our ships and victualls whiche they are content to deliuer with muche more but we wil not do this to auoide the anger of Gods and hate of
themselues They â—idde no greate thing worthye of writing rather like robbers than warriors These things followed after the ouerthrow of Crassus by y which they tooke so gret boldnesse whiche was repressed by Antony Howe Crassus made his voiage against them we thinke it méete to shewe When the day of election of chiefe officers was come there were thrée Competitors of the Consulâ—hippe Caius Caesar Pompey the Great and Crassus called Marcus. These reiecting Cicero Caâ—â— and other resisters by force gote the office and gaue Caesar flue yeares more to be Lieutenaunt of Fraunce Câ—ssius Pompey casting lottes for the prouinces of Spaine and Syria Spaine fell to Pompey and Syria to Crâ—ssus The lot fell acceptable vnto bothe For the people woulde haue Pompey from the Cittie and Pompey louing his wife was desirous to farrye moste there Crassus shewed openly that he was glad that the lot had so fallen thinking no greater felicitie could hap vnto him than this prouince insomuchas he could not bée quiet but made great auauntes and brags among his friendes otherwise in al his life being a verye smal boaster or setter forth of hymselfe But now beyng puffed and exalted he had not onely an hope to get Parthia to Syria and vp make it the boundes of his Dominion making but a play of that Lucullus dydde agaynste Tigranes or Pompey agaynste Mithridates but also to winne Bactria and Indus and all beyonde the Sea. Yet in the decrée of warre the Parthians were not contained Euery man did feare that Crassus would meddle with it And Caesar wrote letters praysing hys purpose and prouoking hym to the warre But when Atteius the Tribune didde stop his voyage wyth threats and manye consented to him being grieued that anye man shoulde make warre vpon men that had offended nothing but also were in league Crassus was afraide and prayed Pompey to helpe to set him forwarde For great was the peoples opinion of him Notwythstanding when he sawe manye readye to resist and exclame then with a gentle looke countenance he appeased theÌ„ y they were quiet and suffred them to passe Yet Atteius stopped them first with voice forbidding and protesting not to go Then he commanded the officer to lay hands vpon his body and deteine him which when the other Tribunes would not suffer he lette goe Crassus Atteius ran to the gate and set there a burning harth and as Crassus came with insense and sacrifice he pronounced sharpe execrations horrible calling and naming cruell and strange Gods therwith The Romanes thinke that these curses secret auntient haue such a power as no man can auoide them against whom they be made and that they do naughte that vse them Therfore they be not vsed vnaduisedly nor in manye cases And many blamed Atteius that by this cursing of Crassâ—s he brought the Cittie into misfortune Crassus for all this wente to Brâ—â—dâ—â—se the Sea being yet vnnauigable for the winter â–ª and woulde not tarry the tyme but tooke the Sea and loste many Shyppes And receyuing an other power of footemen he ledde them alongest Galatia and finding King 〈…〉 a very olde manne building of a Cittie he iested saying O King you beginne to builde at twelue of the clocke The King laughing saide And you O Gen 〈…〉 as I can see goe not againste the Parthians very early â–ª For Crassus was thréescore years of age when he went and older to sée to than he was indéede Marching forth matters at the firste tell â—â—te according to his hope For easilye hée made a bridge ouer Euphrates and conueyed ouer his armye safely and got many Citties in Mesopotamia by yéelding vnto hym In one of them Appollonius was Tyranne who had slaine one hundred souldiors He brought his power thither and wanne it tooke the money and solde the men The Gréekes call the Cittie Zenodotium By taking of this he woulde néedes be called Imperator of his souldioures which caused muche discredite vnto him and was the lesse estéemed as one that distrusted of any greate victorie taking occasion of so little matter He sette garrisons in the Citties that were taken the number whereof was seauen thousande footemenne and one thousande horse And hée went into Syria to winter where hys son came to him from Caesar oute of Fraunce rewarded wyth the greate honoures of a souldioure bringing one thousande picked horsemen And this was the firste great error of Crassus after the greate offence of leading his armye that where he oughte to haue gone to Babilon and Seleucia Citties euer ennimies to the Parthians hée gaue the ennimies time to prepare themselues His tarrying in Syria was blamed béeyng rather lyke a receyuer of Rentes than a Captayne of Souldioures He did not searche the number of his souldiors nor vse them with exercises but he gathered the reuenues of Cities and spent many dayes in waying and peysing the Goddes money in the holy Citie appointyng Cities and Princes to finde him souldiors and after sending them awaye againe for mony whereby he came into contempt and disdayne The first token he had of this Goddesse which some call Venus some Iunâ— some name â—ir Nature the beginning and séede to al things ministring cause by moisture for going onte of the Temple firste yong Crassus fell at the doores Then the olde man fell vppon hym Nowe gathering his power from the 〈…〉 places Embassadors came to him from Arsaces with a brrefe speach for thus he saide If the army were sent against them of the Romanes the warre was made contrary to the league and neuer woulde ende But if he without authoritie of hys countrey and for hys owne gaine as they hearde did come in armes againste the Parthians and take their lande Arsaces woulde temper hymself and pitie Crassus age and let the Romanes go that were rather like a garrison than an army Crassus swelling at this â—ayde he woulde make an answere at Seleucide Then the most auntient of the Embassadours Vagise she wing the bare palme of his hollowe hand said Sooner shall hairs grow here than thou shalt sée Seleucia Thus he boldâ—lye spake signifying that Orodes must first be ouercome They â—f the Romane garrisons in the Cities of Mesopotamia escaping with muche danger did tell fearefull matter that they sawe the multitude of their enimies and their exercises howe they hadde fortified their Citties and some of purpose tellâ—ng all things to the vttermost that they were vâ—râ— suâ—table when they caine to â—â—ghâ— and vnrecouerable when they fled Their arrowes â—â—â—â—â—te woulde preuent the sight and before they coulde sée the shooter he woulde be at hande to strike them thorowo The men of armes beate downe all afore them and coulde not be resisted When the army hearde this they began to faint thinking the Parthians had differed nothing from the Arnâ—â—nians or Cappodocians whome Lucuâ—lus ouercame
to the floud Hister The greatnesse of it reacheth from Macedonia and the mountaines of Thracia to Paeonia and the Alpes thrée days iourney The length of it is muche greater by thrée partes as the Grecians thinke The Romaynes measuring the ground thinke it is sixe thousand furlongs in length and a thousand two hundereth in breadth And they affirme that countrey to haue the name and beginning of Illyria sonne to Polyphemus For Polyphemus had by Galatia Celtes Illyrius and Gallus And that they came out of Sicelie and gaue name to the Celtians Illyrians and Galatians And this I like well of the opinions that haue bene taught hereof Then they saye that Illyrius had these folowing Achilles Autarius Dardanus Medus TaulaÌ„tius Perrhebus and these daughters Partha Daorta and Dasera with others of the which came the TaulaÌ„tians Perrhebians Achilleians AutaricaÌ„s Dardauans Parthenians Dasaretians and Darsians Autarius had Pannonius or Paeonius and Scordiscus Paeonius had Tribalus of the which these natioÌ„s haue their names And these be the antient beginnings of the great countrey of Illyria in the whiche were the Scordiscians and Triballians of so greate possession as they fought so long togither till the Triballians that were lefte fled to the Celtes beyond Hister This nation was thought mightye tyll the time of Philippe and Alexander and now so destroyed as it hath no man left and the Scordiscians become to noughte also for they being ouercome by the Romaines came at leÌ„gth to dwel in the Ilands of Hister And in continuaunce of tyme some of them went abroade again and inuaded the vttermost part of Paeonia wherfore the Scordiscians be now amoÌ„g the Paeonians Likewise the Ardeians when they had inuaded the beste parte of the Autarians groundes nexte the coaste they beyng seamen they droue them away After them the Liburnians had the name to be good with their shippes another nation of Illyria robbing Ionium and the Ilandes with their swifte shippes Wherefore the Romaynes call the shippes of spéede Liburnians There is a saying that the AutariaÌ„s came to vtter destruction by the wrath of Apollo For they and the Celtians wyth the Cymbrians did encampe at Delphos and by and by all were dispearsed and fledde and many of them before the fight being stroken with raine tempest and lightning and when they that wer left came home they fouÌ„d such a corruptioÌ„ made by frogs in their waters that they all perished The vapor of the whiche so infected the Countrey of Illyria as the Autarians being most plagued with it fled and bycause no man durst receyue them they went on .xxij. dayes togither comming to a Fennie grounde vnhabited and buylded a Citty next to Basternia They saye also that Apollo dyd destroy the Celtians and theyr Cities did not ende the plague before they fled and left theyr houses and came into Illyria that had offered with them whoÌ„ being weâ—ke for sickenesse they soone ouer-came and by handling of their things toke the infection and fledde to Pirene And when they moued toward the east the Romanes being afraid of them with whom they had once foughte an excéeding battayle sente the Consuls against them least they shoulde passe the Alpes and come into Italy And the Romaines hauing the losse of all their armye the name of the Celtians stroke al Italy with feare till they chose Marius their generall which before had ouercame the Libyans Nuâ—â—dians and Marusians very valiauntly and ouerthrow the Celtians and did them many tymes destroy as I haue shewed in the booke of Celtian And this end had the Celtians and Illyrians for their wickednesse yet they did not withholde their wicked handes from holy things but the Scordiscians Medans and DardanaÌ„s ranne ouer Grecia and Macedonia and spoyled temples and once againe besieged Delphos losing many of their men being then slaine two and thirtie yeare after the warre betwéene the Romanes and the Celtians who for their late sacrileage made them warre L. Scipio beyng Captaine then being Lordes of Macedonia and Grecia An they saye their neyghboures that were their felowes in this wickednesse then not ayding them left them to Scipio remembring the plague of the Autarians whiche were vtterlye destroyed through all Illyria And that Scipio did ouerthrowe all the Scordiscians and they that could escape wente to Danubiâ— and the Ilands thereof and that he being corrupted with a couenaunt of holy gold made league with the Medans and Dardanans by the which as many Italians do shew in their wrytings the state of Rome was stroken with ciuil discorde vntill it came to the rule of one These things of Illyria founde among the Grecians I haue writteÌ„ at large The Romanes cal not only these Illyrians but also the Paeonians beyonde them the Rhetians the Noricians and Misians that dwel in Europe and al other nigh that inhabite the right hand of Hister by a common name although they do separate the Hillirians from the Grecians and call euery of them by their proper names Being ledde wyth this opinion at the first they chaunged afterward and would haue the ende of Illyria at the beginning of Hister to the sea of Pontus whiche is tributarie vnto them Howe the Romanes brought them to obedience wheÌ„ we wrote of the Celtians we shewed that we did not well learne neyther the beginnings nor occasions of the warres And therefore we haue exhorted them to write that haue more vnderstanding of the matters of Illyria But as much as we knowe we wil declare it Agron was king of a part of Illyria y is at the coast of Ionia which Pyrrus king of Epirus and such as came of him had sometyme And he taking parte of Epirus and Corcyra beyond that EpidaÌ„nus and Pharus as a kéeper held them styl When he sailed the rest of the Ionian sea an Isle called Essus did reuolte to the Romanes and sent their Embassadoure to them to declare what wrong Agron had done them The Illyrians sayling againe to theÌ„ killed Calemporus the Embassador of Essus and with them Coruncaenius the Romane as some say For this cause the Romanes inuaded Illyria both by sea and land Agron dyed leauing an infant behinde hym called Pine. He lefte the gouernement of the countrey to his wife that she might bring vppe the childe althoughe shée was not hys mother Demetrius that had Pharus belonging to Agrons dominion and after getting Gorâ—â—â— betrayed both to the Romanes They made amitie with the Epidamâ—ans and sent an armye to helpe them againste the Illyrians that besieged them wherfore the Illyrians raised their siege and some of them called Atintani yéelded to the Romanes The wife of Agron sent Embassadours to Rome deliuering the prisoners and captiues requiring pardon for that was not done of hir but of Agron The Romanes saide that Corâ—u Pharo Essio and Epidamno and the Illyrians that be called Atintani were of their iurisdiction
and if Pine would holde the other Region of Agron hée myghte vse the Romanes friendshippe if he woulde refraine from the reste nor the Illyrians shoulde go to the Essians but with two boats and them vnarmed all the whiche they admitted And this was the firste doings of the Romanes and the Illyrians after the which they gaue libertie to Corcyra and Appolonia They gaue also rewardes to Demetrius for his reuolting yet dâ—spiâ—â—ng his infidelitie that came from him afterwarde For the Romanes contending thrée yeares with the Celtians aboute the floude Eridanus Demetrius not nowe passing of the Romanes bycause they were troubled with warre gote Histria an other nation of Illyria and compelled the Atintanes to reuolte from the Romanes When the Romanes had made an end with the Celtians they went by and by into Illyria and tooke the robbers that had ioined themselues with Demetrius and the other Illyrians And they killed Demetrius that fledde vnto Philippe of Macedonie and retourned wyth an Nauye and spoiled the Gulfe of Ionia and vtterlye ouerthrewe his Countrey Pharus conspiring with hym and 〈◊〉 and pardoned the other Illyrians that dydde agrée with Pine. This was the seconde warre and truce with the Illyrians The reste be described of me not in order and time but by the nations as I haue found them The Romanes inuaded Macedonie when Perseus raigned after Philippe Gentius an other king of Illyria allured with mony ioyned with Perseus stirred the Illyrians against the Romanes and didde caste the Romane Embassadoures into prison alleadging that they came not as Embassadoures but as espialls Wherefore Anitius the Romane Lieutenaunt tooke diuers of Gentius shippes and inuading the lande ouercame hym when he hadde shutte him in a place and he asked forgiuenesse he counsailed him to yéelde to the Romanes he desired thrée dayes respite which being granted and in the meane time his subiects forsaking him he desired he might come to Anitius Whyche when he did he knéeled on his knees with great shame and spake for himselfe The Romane President tooke him by the hand and badde him be of good chéere and tooke him to a banquet from the whiche as he was going he was taken and made prisoner and carried to Rome in triumphe with his sonne This warre of Gentius was finished in twentie dayes Aâ—milius Paulus that tooke Perseus and sente hym to Rome spoiled lxx of his Citties after this sorte Going priuily to Rome with great spéede and returning he promised the people forgiuenesse if they woulde bring in all their golde and siluer They agréeing to it he brought parte of his armye to euerye Cittie then commaunding the Captaines of the army at a daye in the morning to charge the Citizens by Trumpet that they shoulde bring all their golde and siluer within thrée houres space whiche béeing done he gaue the reste to his souldioures for spoile So Paulus in one houre spoiled .lxx. Cities The Aâ—â—eans and Palerians an other nation of the Illyrians inuaded that part that the Romanes held to whom the Romanes for other lettes sente Embassadors to affray them They would not obey wherfore the Romanes sent an army against theÌ„ of 10000. footemen and â–ª 600 â–ª horsemen They not being readye sente Embassadoures to aske pardon for their offences The Senate commaunded them to recompence them whome they had miâ—ried the whiche thing when they lefte vndone Fuluius Flaccus goeth against them with a great armye The warre consisted in Rhodes and was not fully ended Sempronius Tuditanus and Tiberius Pandusius ouercame the Iapodes within the Alpes Likewise the Segestanes did yéelde to Lucius Cotta and Metellus all the whiche shortely aâ—ter forsooke the Romanes The Dalmatians an other nation of the Illyrians inuaded them that obeyed the Romanes and woulde not admitte the Romane Embassadoures that came to them for that purpose wherfore I thinke the Romanes made warre vppon them when M. â—igulus was Consul As soone as Figulus cante they set vpon the former and droue them from the army into the fielde so as they fledde to the floude Narâ— and then they retyred for Winter was at hande Figulus then thinking he might of the sodaine disperse them he droue them all from their places till he came to the Citie of Delminium whereof the Dalmatians haue their name And where he coulde doe nothing against that Citie of the sodaine nor raise engines for the heigth of the wall he went abroade againe all being destitute and vnfurnished For the wasting aboute Delminium he made certaine pearches of two cubites long laide ouer with pitch sulpher and towe and with his slings threwe them into Delminium the which being fyred by the violence and like lamps fléeing in the aire did set on fire whatsoeuer they touched so as many were consumed by fire Wherof ended the war of Figulus In time following Cecilius Metellus being Consul when the Illyrians had offended nothing he woulde néedes make warre to triumphe of them of whome being receiued friendly and remayning in Salon their Cittie that winter he triumphed of nothing Caesar when he made warre vppon the Celtians the Dalmatians flourished and tooke a Citie from the other Illyrians called Promonâ— which belonged to the Lyburnians The Lyburnians gaue themselues to the Romanes fled to Caesar Caesar sent Embassadors to them exhorting them to restore â—omâ—nâ— to the Lyburnians They despâ—sing it he sent an army which was ouerthrown of y IllyriaÌ„s â–ª Caesar being occupied with other cares the sedition of Pompey folowing did nothing to them but sayled with his whole armye in a contrary tempest to try the matter with Pompey in Macedonia The rest of the army Antonie brought to Caesar by Macedonia Then in a gret tempest Gabinius assayed to being to Caesar xl bands of footmen .iij. M. horsmen by Illyria whom the Illyrians for feare of that he had done thinking the victorie of Caesar would be their confusion resisted Gabinius slew al saue a fewe y fled with him got a great deale of money infinite spoile Caesar dissembled at thys for the necessitie of the war with Pompey When Pompey was ouercome Caesar went about to dispatch al the rest he returned to Rome determined a war againste y Gâ—tes the Parthians When the Illyrians heard of this and feared that Caesar would take them in his way to Parthia they sent Embassadors to Rome to aske pardon of their faultes and extolled the worthie nation of the Illyrians and would become friendes Caesar being minded to go against the Parthians answered them sharpely that he would not haue them for friendes that had vsed him so vnfriendly yet he woulde spare them if they woulde paye tribute and pledges They promising bothe hée sente Atinius to them with thrée legions and a great band of horsemen to take pledges and small tributes When Caesar was dead they thought that the power
in suche a feare as none woulde go to the fourth Caesar rebuked them from the Tower but they woulde neuer the sooner goe Wherefore he tooke a shield and ran to the bridge with him Agrippa Hierom and Lucius that were Capitaines Volas one of his Guard only these .iiij. â–ª and fewe other Tergatebearers went on the bridge When Caesar was on the bridge the Souldioures being ashamed ranne straighte vnto him by the reason whereof the bridge being ouer laden brake and manye fell to the grounde of the whiche some dyed Caesar béeyng hurte on the right leg the arme went to the tower again some of the chiefe following him that he might shewe himselfe euidently to bée aliue least some tumulte might be made for his death or the enimies thinke he had fled and by by commanded an other bridge to be made which thing chiefly made the Metulians afraide The next day sending Embassadors for peace they promised to deliuer v. C. pledges receiue a garrisoÌ„ And leauing the higher hill they al went into the other When y garrison coÌ„manded theÌ„ to leaue their armor they were grieued putting their wiues children in their Senatehouse receyuing the garrison they tolde the Romanes that if they required of them any vnreasonable thing they would burne that place set vpon the Romanes for desperation Which when they had said they al went from the lowe place to the higher Then the garrison set y house afyre many of the women killed themselues their children some broughte their children aliue threw theÌ„ into the fire So al the youth of the Metulians perished with battaile the vnprofitable sort with fire the city was so burned that as great as it was there was not a tokeÌ„ lefte of it The Metulians being ouercome the rest of the Iapodans yéelded to Caesar Thus the Iapodans beyond the Alpes became subiecte to the Romanes When Caesar was gone the Possemans rebelled whom Marcus Elbius ouercame killed theÌ„ that were cause of the rebellion made the rest slaues The Romanes hauing gone twice against the Segestanes neither tooke hostages nor any thing else from them wherefore they were the more boldened Caesar went against them through the Paeonian land who wer not yet obedient to the Romanes Their land is woddy stretcheth aloÌ„g from the Iapodans to the Dardanans The Paeontans haue no cities but lands houses togither nor any common Justice or Princes to rule ouer them They had an C. M. fighting men of the best yeres but bicause they had none to command theÌ„ they came not togither WheÌ„ Caesar came they ran into the wooddes if they found any stragling they killed them Caesar thinking they wold haue come to him did neither burne their fields nor their villages but bicause they came not he set all on sire and eight dayes togither did them much harme and so passed to the floude Saâ—us in the banke of the whiche was a Cittie strong by the floude and a great ditche Wherfore Caesar assaulted it as a store house for the warre against the Daceans Bastarnans which dwell beyond Hister This floude in that place is called Danubius and going to other lower places hath the name of Hister Saâ—us reÌ„neth into it Caesar had shippes in the floude that might bryng victuall to the armie by Danubio for this Caesar would haue the citie of Segesta as he went forward The Segestanes sent Embassadours vnto him to know what they should doe he willed theÌ„ to receyue garrison and deliuer pledges that he might haue their citie as a store house for his warre against the Daceans as much corne as they could bring The chiefe men thought good to do it but the people began to rage and cared not for the hostages bicause they should be of the great meÌ„ but when the garrison came they could not abide to sée them but ranne vpoÌ„ them furiously and shutte the gates and shewed themselues agayne vpon the walles Wherefore Caesar made a bridge euer the floudde and raysed trenches ditches about it And when he had shut them in their citie he erected two mountes which they hindred as much as they might but when they could not defeate the mountes they threwe fire and burning linkes vpoÌ„ them froÌ„ an higher place Ayde was comming to them from an other nation of the Paeonians against whome Caesar layee ambushes and so killed parte of them and parte fledde so as there came no more helpe to the Segestans They enduring the siege very valiantly were ouercome the .xxx. day at a harde fight and then learned to make supplication whose ver ue Caesar marueling and moued with pitie of their prayers did not kill them or otherwise molest them but punished them by the purse and placed them in an outwarde parte of the Citie and put in thirtie bands for their garrison This done he went to Rome to returne againe into Illyria When it was tolde that the Segestanes had slayne the garrison whiche was in the Citie he came agayne with all spéede though it were winter Then hearing the rumor to be false he vnderstoode of truth that they were in daunger That the Segetanes had sodainly sette vppon them and killed many but that the next day the souldiours had giuen an onset vpon the Citizens and gotten the Citie Wherfore he turned his warre to the Dalmatians an other nation of the Illyrians next the TaulaÌ„tians The Dalmatians after they had giuen an ouerthrowe of fiue bandes vnder Gabinius and taken fiue ensignes they were proude of their prosperitie were in armour ten yeares togither and when Caesar came decréede to helpe the Segestanes They were aboue 12000. good fighting meÌ„ had made one Versus their captaine He inuaded again Pomona a citie of that Liburnians defensed it with trenche ditch got other strong places of that country For it is al hillie the toppes whereof stand vp like pynacles The greater part of theÌ„ were in the Citie and the rest kept the hil toppes so as they mighte easily sée the Romanes armye Caesar dessembled as thoughe he would enclose them al in a wall but priuily bad the bolde sorte to go to the mountaynes to espie what was to be done there They going by the woods secretly in the night set vpon the kepers whom being yet asléepe they killed and signifyed to Caesar that they were at the end of their iourney and must haue more men to get the Citie and let some go from the hils to tel others that were in other mountaines Wherfore the Barbarians were put into great feare when they saw themselues beset on euery side chiefly they that were in the higher hils for lacke of water fearing the wayes would be shut on all sides they got theÌ„ into Pomona Caesar enclosed the Citie two of the highest hylles
vvaying as muche as a sterlâ—ng groat after eight groates to an ovvnce Salustius in danger Caesar among his seditious souldioures Caesar vvsâ—doâ— aâ—â—nâ— his â—â—â— oâ— ting Souldâ—oâ—s Souldioures repent them The tenth legioÌ„ desireth to bee punished Reggio is the fâ—rtheâ— tovvne in Italy tovvardes 〈…〉 foreâ—ande of 〈…〉 Caesar sayleth into 〈…〉 〈…〉 Cittye in 〈…〉 〈…〉 myâ—es from Carthage A Senate in Lybia of three â—aÌ„dred Romaines Adrumeto a City in Affrica farie from Carthage Labienus Petreius putteth Caesar backe Petreius folovveth not the vnstorye Caesars fortune The dâ—â—â—ger of Caesar 〈…〉 〈…〉 â—occhus King of the Moores that deliuered â—ugurtha to Sylla Ciâ—tha a Citie of Numidia novve Constana vvhere Iugurth kylled Adherâ—all The fifth Legion giueth the Elephant in aâ— enâ—â—gne Caesars Victory Caesars felicitie Vnskilfulnesse The noblemen of Rome flee Cato to the Vâ—icenses 〈…〉 〈…〉 of the Soule Cato strike â—◠〈…〉 The death of Cato The singularitie of Cato 〈…〉 Anticato Iuba and Petreius killed themselues one another Crispus Salustius Lieutenant Yong Pompey Caesar putteth to death Scipio drovvned Triumph of Caesar Iuba Lamentable shevves AffectioÌ„s of the people A talent of the least varne vvas one hundred poundes vvhich is colled the lesse taleÌ„t of 〈…〉 The greater talent o◠〈…〉 vvas aboute 23â— pounde There vvere other talentes vvhereof soule vvere 400. pound A 〈…〉 me of 〈…〉 conteyned sixe 〈…〉 vv 〈…〉 vvas much â—â—ke oure halfeâ—eny and one hundred drammes made an 〈…〉 pound Shevves by Caesar Venus Temple The Romaines Court like to our Exchange Place of conference Image of Cleopatra Decay of people Caesar made Consull Povver in Spayne Yong Pompey refuseth auntient counsell Caesar into Spayn Feare of his Souldyoures Rashnesse of yong Pompey Corduba a Citie in Spayne the countrey of both Seneca and Inâ—ane the Poet novve Cordâ—â—â— Feare in Caesars army Some vvrighte that this fight vvas giuen at Monda vvhich is novv Mundesara the places not being farre asunder some name the one and some the other Danger of Caesar Caesars saying of this fight A trench made of dead bodyes Corduba taken Scapula Varus and Labienus killeâ— Pompey fleeth Carteia is a Citie in Granado novv Tarifa Pompey huâ—â— Pompey the elder â—onne slayne Pompey the yonger brother Caesar honored 〈…〉 The great 〈…〉 of the ◠〈…〉 â—ut 〈…〉 gâ—â—e Crovvnes or garlandes to them that had â—onâ— vvorthy 〈…〉 â—â—â—her of the â—â—â—â—trey â—â—tator perâ—â—â—â—â— Honoures giuen â—â— Casar Holy dayes Quintilis Iulius Temples â—edâ—caâ—ed to Caesar Caesar refusetâ— the name of â—yng Caesars statelines Occasion of hate 〈…〉 Caesar and Antonius Câ—nsulâ— The clemenâ—â—â— of Caesar Caesâ—r deceyueth the peoples opinion A Crovvne vpoÌ„ Casâ—s Image by one that vvas apprehended of the Tribunes Marullus and Sitiâ—s Caesar accepteth not the name of a King. Caesar angrye vvith the Tribunes causeth â—â—spâ—â—â—on of Kingdome Caesar vvarred Ansvvere of Caesar touching a gard of his person 〈…〉 vvere shevves of naked Priestes in the honoure of â—aâ—â—â— Antony setteth a Crovvne on 〈…〉 head Caesar hath the falling sicknesse â—ete Sâ—ithiâ—â—s in Europa â— Voyagâ— into Parthie Prophecie Enuie Conspiratours M. â—rutus Ca. Cassius D. Brutus Cloaked contention Caesars care of Brutus Brutus 〈…〉 〈…〉 More CoÌ„spiraâ—oâ—â—es Romulus vvas thoughte to be corne a peeces of the Seâ—â—te Consultation of Caesars death Caesar at a banquct Sodayne deathe beste Caesars vvife a fearefull dream Sacrifices vnprosperous Impediments to the conspiracie Theatre of Pompey Disclosing 〈…〉 â—â—d the â—uer â—â—â—ht of hoâ—seâ—â—â—â—pleâ— aâ—◠〈…〉 Prayer â—â—â—â—ition of disâ—â—â—ing A booke of the Conspiracie Feare to the coÌ„spiratoures Sacrifices Caesar contem â–ª neth the sacrifiâ—es of â—â—il luck Tâ—â—â—â—us The 〈…〉 Caesar giueâ—â— ouer vvheâ— Brutus had â—â—â—ken â—â—m and some vvrite that he sayd vvhat thou aâ—â—â— sonne Confusion Antony Lepidu◠〈…〉 〈…〉 in the 〈…〉 Three men only caâ—e vvith Caesar Liberty They that sought prayse found payne The â—â—â—â—e of 〈…〉 〈…〉 Causes of corruption as Rome Distribution of Corne. Maisterle â—â—men Cynna accuseth Caesarâ— Dolabella â—â—â—â—â—â— and Cassius to the people 〈…〉 The deuice of Antony and Lepidus Antonyes aunsvvere Casars money and vvâ—itings sent to Antony The Senate in the Temple of the Gods of the earth A Tault against 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of 〈…〉 ing the 〈◊〉 Antony â–ª â—â—tteâ—â—â—â— Antonyâ—s â—â—â—tâ—on Dolabella changed A nevv stâ—rrâ— by Antony Lepidus to the people Caesars Priestoode offered to Lepidue Aâ—tâ—ny to the Senate Decrees A decree for habitations 〈…〉 〈…〉 Tâ—â—â—â—ment â—â—â— to the people Caesars Testament 〈…〉 to the people Cicero This forgetfulnesse vvas called Amnâ—ftis after the maner of the Grâ—â— ans Prutus and Cassius reconsiled vvith the Consulles Casars testameÌ„t Octauius This dramme vvas the value of a grote Decimus Brutus heyre to Caesar in remaynder The people turned Antony of Caesaâ— Antoniâ—â— gesture in the time of the tunerall of Caesar Caesars shape shevved in vvaxe Change of peoples â—â—â—des The Senate house set a fire vvherein Caesar vvas killed One Cynna kâ—led an other T inuite and rage of people â–ª Caesars fâ—ueraâ—â—â— A Temple to Caesar The Romaines vsed to giue diuine honours â—â— their princes 〈…〉 in Marche she 9. dayes follovving the first 7. daies Caesar scorneth the Soothsaiers A comparison betvvene Alexander and Caesar Ammon in the dserts oâ—â—â—â—â—t vvhere â—â—pâ—ter gaue oâ—aâ—les In India at the plâ—â—e called 〈…〉 Pamphilia in Asia the lesse Alexanders aâ—â—â— Câ—sâ—â—s aâ—â—â—â— Al ages and degrees must striue against the freÌ„ch Caesar had losâ—e sometymes Euphrates 〈◊〉 floud of Macedonia running into the redde Sea by Babylon Caesar and Alexander lyke Alexander and Caesar vnlyke These people be of India and called Malli of Pluâ—aâ—â—th Perill of Alexander Perill of Caesar Alexander contemneth tokens Euphrates â–ª Pallacotta floudes Caesar contem â–ª neth tokens Prachmâ—es vver the vvise Philosopers of India chosen to it by consent 〈◊〉 â–ª 〈◊〉 the â—â—â—â—teâ—feyte 〈◊〉 Lombardy Asia the â—esse A 〈…〉 o put to death by Antony The â—oâ—â—â—iceâ— of Amaâ—â—â— punished Antony pretendeth to call home yong Pompey Millions be here ten thousande Cicero prayseth Antony The Senate giueth a garde to Antony Antony choseth a legion for his garde The Senate in a ielousie of Antony Phaberius â–ª in the Greeke Taberius in the Latten Antony abuset it Caesars testameÌ„t 〈…〉 and Cassius made purueyers A deâ—ice to â—e 〈…〉 Dolabella president of Syria Macedonia 〈…〉 to Antony Cyrene a Citie and a prouince in Affrica novv Corciria Creta an Ilande in the middest of the Sea novv Candia Syrene and Creta to Brutus and Cassius Octauius Caesars nephevv at Valona vvhich is on the other side of the gulfe of Venice Octauius sayleth into Italy Lupio Iezze a port Tovvne The army at Brunduse receyueth Octauius Adoption Octauius receyued the name of Caesar Resort to yong Caesar 〈…〉 In desire of Octauius Octauius vvords to his mother Adoption The meeting oâ— Octauius and Antony Octauius Oration to Antony 〈◊〉 as a successour of his 〈◊〉 is they 〈◊〉 Antonyes aunsvvere to 〈◊〉 People vnstable Octauius selleth â—â—â— substance Playes for Brutus The playes
of hys countrey And not long after hee tooke Cicero hys sonne to â—e hys fellovve in the Consulshippe in vvhose tyme Antonies Images vvere throvvne dovvne â—nd â— decrâ—â— made that neuer anye of hys house should bee called 〈◊〉 So in the ende the reuengemenâ— of Antonies 〈◊〉 vvas appoynted by God to the house of Cicero * * * Cicero hâ—s sonne is sent to 〈◊〉 * * * Quâ—â—tus Cicero and his sonne kylled â–ª Ignatius father and the sonne Balbus and hys sonne Aruntius and his sonne His vvife Ligariâ— tvvo brethren Tvvo brethren â–ª Tvvo brethren A good vvife hath euill lucke An euill vvife Salassus Ruill vvife Fuluius betrayd Statius Part of the Kingdome of Naples called Abruzzo Capits Pitulinus Reggio in the ende of Italy next Sicelie Messina the chiefe porte Tovvne of Sicelie nexte Italy Niso Lucius Labienus Castius Aponius Lucius Sisinius Aemilius Cillo and Decius Icelius Varus Minturno vvhere Marius vvas hidde Largus Râ—sus An house A Vineyarde A good seruant revvarded and in euill punished Arterius An euill seruant vvell serued Orphanes Atilius A cluâ—de bevvrayeth himselfe The triumph of Iepidus Iberia Spayne Decree of Lepidus at his triumphe Goodes set to sale VVomen of Rome condeÌ„ned Fuluia reiecteth the vvomeÌ„ that sued to hir She vvas Antonies vvyse and cause of muche seryse and vvith soâ—ovv ended hir lyfe Oration of Hortensia The Matroneâ— of Rome did giue their levvels to help the Citie 〈…〉 priâ—â— silence A Miâ—â—oâ—is heere tennâ— thousand The Itaâ—â—â— and P. Canâ—â—â—â— text â—â— not true keepe A decree â—onching men Rage of Souldioures Hope not to be giuen ouer Brutus Cassius Cornisicius Pompey Noblenesse oâ— yong Pompey 〈…〉 〈…〉 a citie in 〈…〉 of 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 â—â—Luciusâ—â— A good sister Antonies vvords to his mother Messâ—la A letter of the three men Massala Actiâ— a forâ—â—ad of Epâ—ruâ— Caesar sent Bibulâ—â— Acilius and his good vvife Lentulus and his good vvife 〈…〉 his good vviâ—e 〈◊〉 and his good vvife Reginus and his good vvife 〈…〉 Geta a good sonne Eye lost for lacke of vse Oppius a good sonne Aeneas Anchises Kindnesse of Commons Arianus his good Sonne An Epitaph Metellus father and sonne Samo an Iâ—e ouer agaynst Aâ—ho A good Sonne Marcius and his good seruaunts Hirtius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Restio and a good seruaunt Appion and a good seruant 〈◊〉 and a good seruaunt 〈◊〉 and a good seruaunt Lucretius Sergius Pomponius Apuleius Aruntius Ventidius good seruauntes Volutius The priestes of Isis vvere clad vvith a garment that had a dogs head Caleni in Campania Sittius A banished man in his countrey Varrâ— It is saide that Antony pardoned Varro vvith these vvords Viuat Varro vndoctissimus Virginius Rebulus Themistocles Marcus. Barbuliâ— Barbula Equall fortune Balbinus Lepidus deposed 〈…〉 Lepidus sute for his vvife Cicero the son The Bishops of old Rome vvere Magistrates Iudges of religion Appius Publius Olde Libya Nevve Libya Sextius Cornificius Cirta a Cittie of Numidia vvhere â—ugurth kylled Adherbal Arabion Sittius Sittians Manassa Manasses Roscius kylled Cornificius killed Ielius kylleth kyniselfe Brutus Cassius Brutus Cassius Illyria added to Brutus Passus Sextus Iulius â–ª Murcus Minutius Trebonius â–ª â— Figulus 〈…〉 â—ore◠〈…〉 a naâ—rovve land betvveene tvvoo seas Aradâ—â—i be of the I le of Aradus it is one oâ— the Citties of Phâ—nitia that maketh â—â—polis Tyrus and Sidoâ— be the other Excuses of Cleopatra Marsus Loadicea vvon Dolobella killed Laodicea spoâ—â—â—â— Ariobarzanes distressed Tharsue at diuisiâ— A citie in Cilicia at the floudde Cydno The calamitie of Tharsus Cassius shevveth souie pittie Counsell be â—â—â—ene Brutus and Cassius â—â—â—do novve Capo Crio The Rhodes an Iland in the sea that is called Carpathio the â–ª vvhich in greatnesse is next Iesa â—us and Cyprus Prytaâ—eus vvas in Athens the chiefe Citie of Autonie Archeleus scholenaster â—â— Cassius Casâ—â—es to Aâ—helous Guido a Citie like an Ilande in Caria Battayle by Sea betvveene the Romanes the Rhodianes Myndus a sea â–ª coast tovvne of Caria 〈◊〉 is in â—ame Rhodes taken The hard dealing of Cassius vvith the Rhodians Spoyle of the Rhodes Cleopatra Morta Tanarum a promontorie of Iaconica vvhere Hercules tooke his vvay to Hell. Brutus Iycia a Countrey of little Asia betvveene Pamphilia and Carta Loca a region in the ende of Greece Illyria is a great Region of Europe novve called â—lanonia Treasure and a Princes childe deliuered to Brutus Ciricus an I le in Proponâ—is vvith a Citie of that name The seege of Zanthus a Citle in Iycia vvhiche shevved greate manlinesse before agaynste Hâ—rpagus Lieutenant to Cyrus Brutus beateth dovvne the Trench The Zanthianes killed at theyr gates The Romanes in danger Oenandia â—s a Citie of â—alâ—ra a little region of â—â—Spandâ—â— The Romaines saued in Serpedono a holy place closed in the Citie The taking of Zanthâ—s The oft sacking of Zanthus 〈…〉 Citie in 〈◊〉 vvhere 〈◊〉 gaue ansvver 〈◊〉 the sixth Monethes of VVinter Patarea yeelded Iustice of 〈◊〉 Andriaca the name of a Tovvne in diuers regions heâ—re of â—â—cia Myâ—â— a Citie of Lycia Aâ—ylas is in Asia Sestus in â—â—â—â—pa diuided by the narrovv Sâ—â— called Hellespâ—t Laconia a region of Peloponesus sometime called 〈…〉 〈◊〉 the â— cities â–ª 〈…〉 vvere conteyned â—â—â— Antony against Murcus Pompey the yonger Arabion ioyneth vvith Pompey Saluidienus O 〈…〉 pasteth to helpe Saluidienus S 〈…〉 a Tovvne in the end of Calabra Scylla and 〈…〉 The fight by Sea betvveene Saluidienus and Pompey Balaron Reggio is the surdest Citie in Italy nexte Sicelie Ippona vvas a citie somtime called Vibona and Viâ—on Falentia novve there is but a little tovvne called â—â—bona The army passeth Antony Caesar Philippi first called Dathes Torpido and Salapia straights in Thracia Rascopolis and Rascus brethren diuided M 〈…〉 citie of 〈◊〉 Salamina ouer agaynst 〈◊〉 Aeno vvhere 〈◊〉 vvas buried 〈◊〉 of Ciâ—â—â—â—a 〈…〉 Citie M 〈…〉 the cost Lucitamins The muster of 〈◊〉 and Cassius army Liberalitie of 〈◊〉 and Casâ—â—â—◠〈…〉 ation of Casâ—â—â—â— The authority of the people Scipio made Consull before his time Money the strength of vvarre 〈…〉 parte of Aâ—â—â—â—â—o Iapigia â–ª Apâ—â—â—a 〈…〉 ployne in Thracia by the vvhich 〈…〉 did number his greate army A tokeÌ„ of tvvo Egles Serrio hyll at the â—oâ—â—â—taâ—dâ— Tullius Cymbros Saporia a â—â—tle at the floud Nestus Turpilio Sapeio Roscopolis Sapei people at the floude Nestuâ— Solitary vvay Arpeâ—â—o Hâ—bruâ— flouds in Thracia The hâ—rd passage of the Roâ—â—â—s The dacourage of the 〈…〉 The â—age of 〈…〉 A â—oyfull crye diâ—couereth the enimie Amphipoliâ— a Câ—tie that is hâ—â—vvcen◠〈…〉 and 〈…〉 〈…〉 Philippi Daâ—e Crenida 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â—ing Philip builded and named this 〈…〉 Sapera â—â—◠〈…〉 streâ—â—â—tes Murcino and Drabisco Strameoâ—â—â— a floud diuiding Maâ—â—â— dâ—â—ia from Thâ—â—â—â—â— Prâ—sâ—rpoâ—a vvas the â—ayde Zyg 〈…〉 The God vvas Plate Dionisio 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 places holy and inuâ—olable The place or their Campes Epidamnum Duâ—â—zzo Casar sicke Gangites Thasus an I le nigh Thracia Nea an Ilande and a Citie vvhere