vpon the sayd Ambracyans whan they shulde passe Bitwene bothe those that had treated to go awaye issued oute of the towne in smal bendes faigninge to go to gather herbes and woode in the feldes whan they were a lytle departed from the towne they set themself to ronne againste the campe of enemyes whiche seinge the Ambracyans that were lykewyse come fourth for to gather herbes and woode folowed them as faste as they myghte for to ouertake them But the souldyars Acarnanyans whyche knewe nothynge of the secrett appoynctement that Demosthenes and their Capytains hadde made wyth the Peloponesyans thinkinge that all those that issued fourth of the towne departed frothence wythoute lycence and wythout appoyntement prepared them selfe to followe them And for that that some of the Capytains that found them thereâ— woulde haue empesched them to ronne vpon the Peloponesians sayinge that they had saulfconduict there were of them that enforced themself to strike them and made their weapons ready agaynste them thinkinge that they hadde deceyued and betrayed them Yet vnderstandinge that the Peloponesians and Mantynyans alonely had the saulfconducte they suffred vnto them to passe kylled the Ambracyens But there was greate questyon difficultie to discerne the one from the other so that in the same tumulte there were slayn about two houndred The other saued themselfe wyth greate difficultie wythin the towne of Agride whiche was nexte vnto them there whome Salynthius kynge of Agriens did reteigne as their frende In this meane tyme the other Ambracyens that came to the succours of thies here arryued at one place named Idomene whyche hath two hilles or toppes The greatest wherof those that Demosthenes hadde sente bifore did take and occupie in the night seasonne wythout that the Ambracyans did apperceyue them who did saise themself of the lesser wher they kepte them all that same daye and night following without doubting any thynge In the meane tyme Demosthenes beynge aduertised of their cominge departed from his campe after supper at the entrynge of the night wyth al hys hooste wherof the one half he ledde wyth hym And the other halfe he causedde to go through the mounteignes of Amphilochie vsed soo good diligence that at breake of the daye he came to rushe vpon the sayde Ambracyans whome he founde yet all slepinge as people assured and that knewe nothing of that which was happened But thought at the begynning that they had bene of their owne compaigny For that that Demosthenes the better to deceyue them had caused the Messenyans to marche bifore the othere and had commaunded them that they shulde speake in languaige Dorique with those whiche they founde furste in the watche whiche thinge they did So that the said ennemys thoughte that they had bene their owne people the rather for that that they coulde not wel see them insomuch as it was not yet day vntill that the bend of enemys were aryued And they than did stryke vpoÌ„ them all at ones and did slay a great parte of them The other did flye by the mountaignes of whome yet the more part was slayne For that they founde the Amphilochians that hadde gottone and kepte the passages And forsomuche as they were lyghtely armed and thies here well armed they ouertoke them incoÌ„tynently And those that kepte the other pathes clymed vp to the highe rockes and Cauarns and cast themself downe backwardes Some there were that wente to the sea side that was there very nigh who beinge followed by their ennemys and seing the galleys of the Athenians which sailled costing the lande they did cast themselfe into the water and swymmed to yelde them vnto the sayd galleys For though they did knowe that they were vesselles of the ennemys yet they had rather fall into their handes albeit that they had desarued to be slayne of them than into the handes of the straungers or of the AmphilochiaÌ„s that were their mortal enemys The AmbracyaÌ„s being in this manner in disorder were as in a maner all slayn And a very small noÌ„ber saued themself wythin the towne of Olpas Aftere thaâ— destruction the Acarnanyans hauinge spoyled their deade and set vp theire Trophee in tokene of victory they retourned to Argos towardes whome came the morowe following a herault sente frome the Ambracyans that were saued wythin Agryde For to demaunde the corpses of their people that had bene slayne at the furst discomsiture whan they yssued oute of Olpas wyth the Peloponesians wythoute saulfconducte who seinge vpon the campe the dead in so greate nombre was greatly abashed howe it might be that they were so many not knowinge any thinge of the laste murther and thought that they were the corpses of their allyes Than one of the ennemys thinkynge that he was come for them there that had bene last destroyed at Idomene demaunded of hym wherfore he made so greate admyratyon and howe many people he vnderstode to haue bene slayne of his And he answered that aboutes two houndred Than the othere sayde vnto him thou seist welle that there be in thys same trophe the armes not of two houndredde but of a thousande and more that haue bene slayne Truly sayed the heraulde thies be not than of those that were in oure bende But they be trulye sayth the other euen the same that were yesterday slayne at Idomene Howe so sayde the Herault we did not fyght yesterday but thies here were slayne bifore yesterday yssuing out of Olpas wythout saulfconduct By my fayth sayd the other we did fight yesterday against thies here whych were come from Ambracie for to come to the succours of them that were at Olpas Which thing being vnderstode by the Herault knowynge the greate losse that the Ambracyans had had he was so ostoâ—yed that he retourned wythout pursuing further for the recouery of the dead For also for trouthe this was one of the greatest destructioÌ„s that chaunced in all that same warre specyally in one onely cytie and in so fewe dayes And also I am not mynded to set the nombre of the dead for that that it semeth vnto me incredible and greater than is conuenable to the greatnes of that same towne One thinge I knowe veray well and for mere trouthe that if the Acarnanyans and the Amphilochians had bene wyllynge to bileue and credytt Demosthenes and the Athenyans they hadde euenne at the same tyme takene the cytie of Ambracie by force But they fearedde leste if the Athenyans shulde take it that they shulde be tomuche harde and straighte neighbours for them After this victory they departed the bowtie or praye bitwene them Whereof they didde geue the thâ—rde parte vnto the Athenyans and the other two they distrybuted amonge the cyties But that whyche the Atchenyans had therof was not greately profytable to them For in their retournynge by sea the most parte was taken awaye from them in their iourney And thre houndredd complete harnoys that be yet sene hanginge in the
of the cytie assuredde themselfe in suche manner that he durste not pursue hys enterpryse chiefly parceyuynge that they of hys intelligence did not discouer theymselfe in the towne whyche thinge they coulde not do forsomuche as the Cytezeins who where in the greater nomber empesched and dyd lett that the gates were not opened And sent wyth all diligence by the counsell of Eucles who than was Capytayne of the Athenyans vnto Thucydides sonne of Olerus the same that hath writtone thys historie whyche at that tyme had charge for the Athenyans in the sayde countrey of Thrace wyth the sayde Eucles beinge nyghe the towne of Thase whyche was a colonie of the Paryans distante frome Amphipolis aboute one iourney by sea that he shuld come to succour them whyche thynge he readelye dyd and came fromthence wyth seuene shypps whyche he founde by aduenture all ready in that parte to succour Amphipolis if it were not than takene or if it were takene for to take Eione In thys meane tyme Brasidas who greatly fearedde the succours of Thase by sea and also leaste Thucydides who kept in that quarter many mynes of golde and of syluer by meane wherof he hadde greate frendeshypp and authorytie wyth the principallest of the couÌ„trey shuld assemble a great nomber of people by land he determyned to do hys beste to gett the said cytie by practyse coÌ„posytion bifore that the cytezeins mighte haue the sayde succour And for that cause he made it to be cryed and published wyth the sounde of a trompett that all they that were in the towne beinge citezeins or Athenyans myghte if they thought good abyde in their estate and lybertie Euen so as the Peloponesyans And those that wolde not might departe wyth their baguaige wythin fyue dayes whyche crye beinge harde many of the pryncipall Cytezeins changed their opynyon vnderstandyng to be by that meane in lybertie whereas the cytie at the presente tyme was gouerned the moste parte by the Athenyans And also they whose parentes and frendes were takene in the suburbs whyche were in greate nomber all meane people fearynge that if they dyd it not their sayd parentes and frendes shulde be yll intreated chyâ—fly the Athenyans whyche parceyued that wythout daunger they myghte departe wyth their baguage loked for to haue no succours redelye and the reste of the people seynge that by thys appoynctement they shulde brynge and delyuer themself oute of danger shulde remayne in lybertie all wyth one accorde dyd accepte the partye at perswation of them that had intellygence wyth Brasidas although that the gouernours whyche were for the Athenyans wolde haue perswaded them to the contrary And by thys meane the cytie was rendred That self same day aboute the euenynge tyde Thucidides arryued wyth hys ships at Eione Brasidas beinge already wythin Amphipolis who had taken the sayd cytie of Eione yf the night had not come vpon hym And also at the breake of the day he had taken yt if the succours wyth the sayd shypps had not arryued But the same Thucydides beinge there arryued as is afore sayd ordeyned hys case for to defende the towne if Brasidas wold haue come to assaylle yt also that he myght wythdrawe and receyue those of the mayne lande that were mynded to comme to ioygne wyth hym wherby yt chaunced that Brasidas who was descended a longe the ryuer wyth a good nomber of shypps hauynge made hys strength to gett a rocke that was at the mouth of the same nighe the towne and after to take yt by the land syde was repoulsed from both sides and was constraigned to retourne into the cytie of Amphipolis for to geue order to the affayres therof And sone after the cytie of Myrtine in the countrey of the Edonians dyd render itselfe to hys allyaunce For that that Pittacus kinge of the sayd Edonians was slayne by the wyfe and children of Groaâ—esâ— and wythin fewe dayes Gopselle and Esyne whyche were two Colonies of the Thasiens dyd lykewyse render themself and that by the practique of Perdiccas who arryued in the cytie of Amphipolis incontineÌ„tly after that it was takene whan the Athenyans vnderstode the losse of that same cytie they were therfore very sorowfull For that that it hadde bene muche propice and profytable to them aswell by reasone of the monney that they there leuyed and of the woode that they dyd take fromthence for to make shipps as also for that the Lacedemonyans hauinge bifore facultie and power to comme to inuade the allyes of the sayde Athenyans vnto the ryuer of Strymone by the conducte of the Thracyans who dyd take their parte coulde not passe ouer the water at the vpper parte therof for that that it was depe nor also wyth boatts so longe as the Athenyans dyd kepe their watche vpon the water at Eyone But the Lacedemonyans hauinge gottene the cytie and consequently the passage of the ryuer myght passe at their wylle and pleasure whereby the Athenyans were in greate feare that their frendes and allyes woolde tourne to take parte wyth the sayd Lacedemonyans Chyefly for thys that Brasidas beside that that he declared and shewed hymself to be a man curtoys and reasonable dyd also publishe generally euery where that he had no charge but to restoore all Grece into lybertie By meane wherof the other townes and cyties that dyd take parte wyth the Athenyans vnderstandynge the good entreatynge whyche the sayde Brasidas vsedde and practysedde towards the Amphilochiens and that he presented lyberte vnto euery man they were all enclyned to reuolte and tourne vnto hym and to wythdrawe themself from the obeissaunce of the Athenians And thereupon dydde secretely sende their heraultes and messengers towardes hym for to make their appoynctement euery man desyring to be the furste thynking that there was none daunger of the Athenyans who of longe tyme hadde nott any greate garnysons in that countrey and thought not that their puissance had bene so greate as they parceyuedde it afterwardes to be by experyence â—or also thies be people that haue accustomed to conduct their affayres more by an disordered affectyon rather than by reason and prouydence and puttynge their esperaunce in that whyche they wylled they followed yt wythoute annye greate purpose to effecte And that thynge whyche they wylledde not they reprouedde vnder coloure of reasone Also they grounded themself greately vpon the losse whyche the Athenyans had made frankly in Beoce through occasyon whereof it semedde to them that they coulde not soo soone sende succours into that quarter and the more by the perswasyons of Brasidas who dydde theym to vnderstande that the sayd Athenyans durste not fyghte againste hym nygh to Nysee though that he hadde but thys aâ—mie that was there Through thies reasons and vpon thies ymagynations they were all ioyous for the presente to be in lybertie vnder the protection of the Lacedemonyans whome they thoughte hauynge newely made the enterpryse in that same
doubte for to enter in treatie with the Athenyans aduertised them of the succours wherof they were ryght ioyfulll all recomforted So they dyd take couraige agayne and yssuedde with all their strength out of the cytie for to meâ—e Gylyppus who attended and taryed for theym already in the waye Who hauinge in his iourney taking by force the towne of Igete came wholy in order as for to fyght towardes Epipole and beynge aboorded on the coaste from Euticle by the which the Athenians were at the furst tyme there amounted he ioigned with the Syracusains and altogether marched towardes the wal of the Athenians which at that houre conteigned seuen or eight stades from the campe of the Athenyans vnto the sea also it was through out double except in some place nigh the sea where they yet builded And of the other syde towardes Trogile they hadde alreadye broughte plenty of stoanes and othere stuffe and in some place acheued fynysshed their worke in some place halfe sett it vp and in an other place there was nothynge done from the begynnynge for that that on that syde the largenes was so great In suche danger were already the Syracusains whan the succours came vnto them The Athenyans than perceiuing Gylippus and the Syracusains to come so soubdainly againste them they were at begynninge afrayde neuerthelas they afterwardes recouered their couraige and came all in battayle agaynste thennemyes But bifore that they approched Gylippus sente an heraulte for to declare vnto theyme that if they woulde departe out of Sycille wythin fyue dayes he was contente to make treatie wyth them Which thynge the Athenyans regardedde not but sente agayne the heraulte wythoute annye aunswere Than both parties preparedde theymeself to come to battaile But Gylippus seynge that the Syracusayns were in disorder that he coulde not welle brynge theyme into renckes he deuysedde for the beste to wythdrawe theyme into a place more spacious Nycyas also on the other syde caused not his people to marche fourthe but rather made theyme to kepe all in bataylle ray vpon their walles and rampares Whiche perceyuedde Gylyppus retyred wyth hys people into a mounte named Temenitie where he lodgedde hys campe And the morowe after he conductedde the greateste partie of hys men in battaylle euene harde to the walles of the Athenyans for to defende that the one shoulde not succoure the othere And on the othere syde he sente one parte of hys people agaynste one of the Castelles whyche the Athenyans dydde holde namedde Laâ—dalum the whiche they dydde take and slewe all those that they founde within without this that the other AtheniaÌ„s coulde parceyue any thyng therof And the same day the Syracusayns toke a galley of the Athenyans as it would haue entred into the greate porte After that the Syracusayns begonne a walle from the cytie vntil the heigh of Epipole And they reysed an other fromthence ouerthwart that same of the Athenyans for to lett and defende theÌ„ if they would suffer theyme to acheue and fynyshe it frome enuironynge and enclosynge the towne on all sydes But they hauynge acheued the walle whiche they determyned to make fro their campe vnto the sea were retyredde into their forte in the vppermoste parte But for that that one parte of their walle was lowe Gylyppus wente wyth hys people in the night thynkinge to take it neuerthelas being perceyued by them whiche warded yt who kept their watche wythout and mett hym retyred softely wythout makynge any noyse And afterwardes the Athenyans did heighthen the sayed wall appoincted their oune people to the warding thereof and those of their allyes vnto other places It semedde moreouer vnto Nycias to be expedient to enclose wyth wall the place that is called PleÌ„myryuÌ„ whiche is a rocke in the promontorie foreanempste the cytie the whiche entreth into the sea and commeth vnto the entrynge of the great poorte For it semedde vnto him that if he had fortefyed it the victuailles other thynges that came by sea myght come more easely hauynge garnysone so nyghe vnto the poorte where as at that houre they coulde not abyde but afarre of fromthence Wherby yf any alarme shulde chance to be made on the sea syde they coulde not so sone come vnto the succours And that dyd he intendynge to ayde hymself moore wyth the armye by sea than wythe that same by lande sythens that Gylippus was come And so he charged one partie of his armye into hys ships brought them to the sayde place whyche he caused to be enclosed and fortefyed with thre walles and rampares and afterwardes he bestowed one parte of hys baggage there and vndernethe the same they myghte wythdrawe hys shyppes bothe great and small by occasyon wherof many of hys maronners fromthence forwardes through faulte of freshe water did dye for that that they were forcedde to fatche their water afarre of and moreouer whan they issuedde fourthe to fatche woode the horsemen Syracusains that kepte the teldes dyddeslaye them specyallye those that were in a towne in Olympus the whyche were placedde there for to defende that the Athenyans whyche were in the sayd place of Plemmyrum shulde do no hurte In thies entrefeates Nycias vnderstandinge the coÌ„mynge of the galleys wyth Corinthyans sente twenty of hys for to preuente and soubdainly to mete and take them Geuyng them charge that they shuld at tende and lye in wayte for theym betwene Loâ—res and Rhege and there in the distreacte of Sycille that they shulde assaulte theym In the meane tyme Gylippus caused lykewyse the walle betwene the Cytie and Epipole to be reysed and fynyshed and for to make yt he aydeth hymselfe wyth the suffre whyche the Athenyans had for themself gathered togyther And that done he issued many tymes out of the cytie wyth hys people and wythe the Syracusayns in battaille And the Athenyans on the other syde did the lyke And whan it semed vnto him to be tyme to assaille he went furste for to charge vpon them But insomuch as the combate and fighting was amonge the raÌ„pares of both partes whych was a place nothyng easy for the horsmen wherof the Syracusains had great nomber the Syracusains and Peloponesians were vainquished For the which victorie the Athenyans hauyng rendred the dead reysed and sett vp a Trophee An Oration and ouerthwarte declaration of Gylippus vnto his souldyars and men at armes NEuerthelas Gylippus aftere that same battaille assembledde the men of warre and shewed them that the losse chaunced not through their faulte but rather through his forsomuche as he had takene froÌ„ them the ayde of their horsmeÌ„ and of their Casters of dartes causing them to fyght in one so strayte a place wherein they coulde not helpe themselfe wherefore he was determyned to cause theym for to issue a freshe to fyghte in a place more reasonable prayinge them to remember that they were Doryens Peloponesyans and that it shulde be their greate shame
They loste morouer almoste all their beastes aswel great as lytle And also their horses were in a small tyme so trauailled that they coulde not sarue longe For their horsemen were contynually in the feldes aswel for to resiste the ennemyes that were at Decelea as also for to warde all the regyon of Athens from pillage wherby some of the sayd horses were morefounded the other lamed and tyred wyth ronninge so oftene into that same laÌ„de whych was drye and harde and also many of them were hurt aswell with stroakes of dartes as also with other stroaks And in the remenaÌ„t the victuails that were brought into the cytie oute of the quarter of Eubea of Oroppe whiche were wonte to passe by Decelea that was the next way were forced to come by an other coaste more further of so that they compassed about the lande of Sunium by sea whiche was a thynge of great charge and expence by occasyon wherof the cytie was in greate necessytie of all thynges that were requisitt to be brought thyder frâ—m wythout And on the other parte the Cytezeins who were all retyred into the cytie were greatly trauailled by meane of watche that was conuenyent for them to make wythout cessynge aswell by day as by nighte For by daye there was a certen nomber incessantly vpon the heighte of the walles who were contynually changed and in the nyght all the watche was in harnes resarued the horsmen the one vpon the walles and the other in and through the towne aswell in tyme of sommer as also of wynter whyche was vnto them a payne intollerable And so muche the moore that at one selfe tyme they susteigned twoo greate warrs And yet neuertheles they were so obstynate that no man yâ— had not sene it could haue beleued it For albeit that they were assieged euen vnto the wals by the Peloponesyans yet for all that they woolde not forsake nor leaue of the enterprise of Sycille but euene so as they were assyegedde they woolde stylle holde the Cytie of Sarragosse assiegedde the whyche was for a Cytie nothynge lesse thaÌ„ Athenes wyllynge by that meane to declare theire puyssance and theire audacytie muche moore greate than the othere Grekes hadde opynyon therof from begynnynge of the warre Of whome some iudged that those Athenyans shuld susteigne the warre for twoo yeares the other for three yeares at the furtheste and that than it shulde haue cessed But no man thought that it shulde haue endured longer if it chancedde that the Peloponesyans woolde haue entred into their lande And yet neuerthelas frome the furste tyme that they were entredde therin vntill that they sente into Sycille were seuentene whole yeares And that notwythstandinge they were not so decayed by the sayde warre of .xvii. yeares but that they enterprysed yet the other whyche was not lesse in the opynyon of men than the furste And the sayde cytie of Athens being troubled aswell for the towne of Deceleaâ— as by the other meanes here aboue declared yt was come into greate indigence and lacke of monney through occasyon whereof they exacted and leuyedde that same yeare of theire subiectes in places nyghe the sea in stede of trybute whyche they toke by Anticipation the twentith parte of their valeur thinkynge that the same shulde render vnto them more monney than the ordenary trybute So was it nedefullâ— for the expeÌ„ces were somuche the greater as the warre was more greate and also their rente failled them or was decayedde For thys cause incontynently as the Thracyens that were comme to their succours were arryued as hath bene sayde they retourned or sente them awaye for lacke of monney and gaue the charge to Dytrepus for to conducte them by sea to whome they comaunded that in retournynge them he shulde fynde the manner that they shulde do some damaige in Eubea and in othere places by the sea side of thennemys alongest by whome they shulde passe for it was conuenyente for them to passe the distraict of Eubea which is called Euripus The whiche Dytrepus beinge landed wyth the sayd Thracyens at Tanagra he pillaiged somewhat ryght soubdainely after caused them incontynently to mounte again caryed them into Chalcyde in the countrey of Eubea and towardes night passed the distraict and sailled for to lande in the countrey of Beoce In the whyche beinge landed he caused all hys men all the nyght to marche towardes the Cytie of Mycale and caused therin to hyde themselfe wythin the temple of Mercuryusâ— whyche is distant out of the sayd cytie abou ts .xvi. stades And after that it was day he caused them to marche strayght towardes the sayde cytie The whicheâ— though that it was greate yet neuerthelas he fourthwyth did take for that yt was not warded And also the Cytezeins had no doubte of annythynge For they neuer thought that passengers by sea wolde haue come so farre into the laÌ„de For this cause they had yll walles aboute their towne also they were fallene in some parts in other very lowe And morouer for that that they feared none enterprise they locked not in their gates The Thracians than being entred into the towne did pillage it vtterly aswell the teÌ„ples holly places as the pryuate houses prophane places this which yet was worst they dyd slay al that they fouÌ„de lyuinge aswell the people of all secâ—es ages as also the beastes For it is the nature and facyon of the Thracyans whyche be people amonge all other moste Barbarous to do all sorte of crueltie in whatsoeuer place that they be wythout feare And amonge the othere they committed and perpetrated one righte great myschiefe For beinge entred into the place where the chyldren of the towne were at skoole in ryghte greate nomber they dyd slaye theym all And that mischiefe was so greate and so soubdaynely and vnlokedde for chancedde that there was neuer in one Cytie a greater Whereof the Thebayns beinge aduertysed they all yssuedde fourthe incontynently vpon them and founde them yet nyghe vnto the towne and dydde putte theym into greatte feare and in suche sorte that at begynnynge they forsoke all their bowtye and afterwardes were chasedde fromethence vntill the distraicte and there many of them were slayne that coulde not sone ynoughe enter into their shippesâ— by cause of this chiefly that those whych were wythin the sayde shippesâ— parceyuynge the enemyes to approcheâ— had withdrawin them into the sea out of danger of shott whereby those that myght not enter and that knewe not or coulde not swimme were all slayne and there was the greateste slaughter For vntille that they were arryuedde at the shoore of the sea they retyredde all togider and in good order after their custome so that they defended themself well against the horsemen of the Thebains which were the furst that assailled them in suche sorte that they lost not manye of their people But after that they were arryued at the sea syde in the sight of
to come into Eubee But for that that thaffaire of Chio semed vnto theÌ„ more vrgent for the necessitie wherin the towne was they refused the other enterprise departed froÌ„thence for to saile to succour it And passing nigh to Orope they descriued the AtheniaÌ„s ships that were departed froÌ„ Chalce whiche kepte the mayne sea neuerthelas for that that they sailled to diuers voiages the one came not against the other but rather toke euery one his way to witt the Athenians to Samie the PeloponesiaÌ„s to Milet forsomuch as they perceiued wel that Chio coulde not be succoured withoute battaille and in the meane time the ende of the wynter didde come whiche was the twentith yeare of the warre which Thucidides hath writtoÌ„ In the beginning of the furst spring Dercilidas Spartian was sent with a smal nomber of men into Hellespont for to cause the towne of Abide to rebell against the AtheniaÌ„s whiche is a coloine of the Melesiens On the other syde the Chiensâ— seing that Astyochus sâ—acked somuch to come to their succour they were constrayned to come to fight in the sea agaynst the Athenians vnder the conduct of Leontes the Spartian who they had made their chief after the deathe of Pedaritus in the tyme that Astyochus was yet at Rhodes was come with Antisthenes froÌ„ Mylet Now they had xii strange ships that were come to thier succours to witt fyue of the Thuâ—iens foore of the Syracusains one of Anea one of Milet one of Leontes and xxxvi of theirs And so all those that were hable to fight yssued fourth and came to assaulte the Athenians very boldely hauynge chosen a place of aduantage for theymself And the combate was sharpe dangerous on both sydes wherin the Chiens shulde not haue had the woorse but the night came vpon theym which departed them and the Chiens retourned into the towne In the self time Dercilidas being arryued by lande in Hellesponte the towne of Abide did fourthwith render it self into his handes of Pharnabazus and twoo dayes after the citie of Lamsaque dyd the lyke whereof Strombichides who was afore Chio beynge aduertised he came soubdaynly with xxiiii Athenians shipps for to succour and defende that same quarter amoÌ„gest the which ships there was barques that caryed meÌ„ at armes Being thaÌ„ arryued at Lamsaque hauing vainquisshed in battaille those of the towne that yssued fourth againste theym he did take euen at one comynge the sayd towne for that that it was not walled togiders with all those whiche were within the shipps afterwardes hauinge restored the free men into the towne he sailled fourthwith vnto Abyde But seinge that there was no hope to take it nor apparence for to assiege it he departed and did go to Seste which is a cytie in the countrey of Cheronese situated directly foranempst Abyde the whiche the Medes had holden for a certene time and therin he did putt a good garnison for the saulf garde and defence of all the countrey of Hellesponte But in thies enterfeates by cause of the departure of Dercilidas the Chiens also the MelesiaÌ„s were maisters of the sea whereupon Astyochus vnderstandynge the combate by sea whiche the same Chiens had had againste the sayd Athenians and the departure of the sayd Strombichides he was more anymated and assured therein And so he dyd come wyth two shyps and no more to Chio and there he toke with hym all those that he founde there and sailled straight to Samie And seynge that the ennemyes woulde not yssue fourthe to fight for that that they trusted not well the one the other they retourned to Mylet Howe a greate deuision happened amongest the Athenyans aswell within the cytie as wythout chiefly in the army that was in Samie by meane of the change of the estate and gouernance of the same whiche did greatly endomage them ☞ The .x. Chapter THe differente and controuersie of the sayd Athenyans was for that that in the same tyme the estate and gouernance of the towne had bene changed at Athens oute of the power of the comon people vnto a smalle nomber For Pysander and hys compaignions beynge retourned to Samie brought the army that was there to their wylle and obeyssance and one greate parte of the Samiens chiefly they exhorted the prycipalle of the towne to take the gouernance thereof into their handes althoughe that there were manye whyche were wyllynge to maignteigne the common estate wherby happened greate deuision and sedition bitwene them Also the AtheniaÌ„s that were there in the armye hauynge consulted vpon the thyng amonge themself and seynge that Alcibiades was not earnest in the matter they concluded to forsake hym and not to calle hym agayne for that that it semed to theyme that thoughe he dyd come agayne into the cytie yet shulde he not be conueniente nor mete for to order and gouerne the affaires vnder the gouernance of a small nomber but rather was expediente that those that were there of the estate whereof was question shulde deuyse the manner howe that practique shulde be conductedde and also howe the feate in warre shulde be pursued Whereunto euery man of theym dyd readely offer to contrybute of hys oune monney and all other thinges necessarye knowynge that they shulde no more laboure for the comons nor for any other but for theymself And so they sente againe Pysander and the moytie of the ambassadours whyche had bene sente towardes Tyssaphernes vnto Athenes for to geue order there in the affaires and charged them that through al the cyties whiche they shulde passe of the obeyssance of the Athenyans that they shulde comytte the gouernance into the hande of a smalle nomber of the pryncypalles and the other parte of the sayd ambassadours also departed euerye one dyd goo into sondry places for to do the lyke And also they ordeyned that Dyotrephes who was thaÌ„ at the siege of Chio shuld go into the prouince of Thrace which was delyuered into his gouernance who in his departure from the sayd siege passing through Thasse abolisshed the comon estate and comytted the gouernance into the handes of a small nomber of men But being departed oute of the cytie the greate parte of the Thessyans hauing enclosed their towne with wall aboutes one moneth after his departure perswadedde themself to haue no more nede to be gouerned by those which the Athenians had sett there nor by yâ— meane to remaine vnder their obeyssance but rather hopedde within shorte time to recouer entier lybertie through the ayde of the Lacedemonyans for that that their cytizeins which were bannisshed by the Athenians were withdrawin to Lacedemonie and sollycited with their power that shyppes shulde be sente vnto theym and that the towne myghte rebelle So it chanced vnto theyme hooly in that same as they desyred whiche is that the cytie wythoute anny danger was commytted into their lybertie and the commons whyche were bente to speake agaynste the estate of a
therein in my conceyte better than anny man to my remembrance euer dyd Phrynicus also shewed hymself greatly fauorable to the same comons estate for feare of Alcibiades whome he knew to haue vnderstanded al that which he had treated with Astiochus being at Samie for it semed to him that he wold neuer retourne so long as the said gouernance of foore hoūdred endured And also he was estemed a man vertuous constant in great aduersities for that that mē had sene by experyence that he neuer shewed himself that his herte failled him Theramines also sone of Agnō was of the chief principall for to extinguish the comon gouernemēt who was a mā veray sufficient aswel in worde as in dede This worke being than conducted by so great nōber of mē of vnderstāding of auctority it was no maruail that it was brought to effect though that it semed and was for trouth a very difficile and harde thing to depriue the comon people of Athens frō their lybertie which had bene wherin they were about a hoūdred yeares after that the tyrantes or euyll rulers were bannished And they had not only bene exempted out of the subiectyon of all other but also for more than the halfe of the foresaid tyme they had gouerned ouer other people The assemble of the people beinge departed after that they hadde approued and ratefyed the sayde decree the foure houndred gouernours were afterwardes broughte into the courte in thys manner The Athenyans were contynually in armure by reason of the ennemyes whiche were in Decelea to wytte the one for to warde the walles the other the gates and other places whereunto they were appoyncted And whan the assygned daye dyd come for to do the sayde acte those that were not of that coniuration or secte were suffred to goo into their howses as the custome was And to those that were of yt was comaunded that they shulde tary not in the place of their watche and where their weapons were but in some other parte therby and that if they perceyued any that woolde resyste that which was done or empesche or let yt that they shulde repoulse suche wyth their weapons if nede were And those whiche were deputed and ordeyned therunto were the Andrians the Thenyans three houndred of the Caristiens and those of the cytie of Egyne whyche the Athenyans had caused to come for to inhabitt there The thynges beynge than so ordonned the foure houndred chosen to the gouernance euery of them bearyng a dagger hydde vnder his habillement or clothing and wyth them sixe skoore yonge men for to assyste and strengthen them whan it shulde be nedefull entred all togiders into the pallays where the courte was holden and enuyronned the senatours whyche dyd sitt in counsaill Who aftere the custome declared their opynyons by blacke and whyte beanes and so sayde vnto them that they shulde take their payment for the tyme that they had serued and departed Whiche payment the same foure houndred had brought thē and as they yssued fourthe of the counsailles chamber they delyuered to euerye of them their duties And by that meane they departed out of the court without makynge any resistence and wythout that the reste of the comons ones styrred And than the foure houndred dyd entre and choyse amonge themselfe certayne threasouriers and receyuours and that done dyd sacrefyce solempnelye for the treatinge of the sayde newe offycers And by that meane the comone gouernance was hooly changed and a greate parte of that whyche was done byfore that time was reuoked resarued that they did not calle agayne the bannished men for that Alcibiades shulde not be comprysed therein In the reste the sayde gouernours dydde all thynges at theire wylle and amonge othere caused some of the Cytezeyns to dye doubtinge leaste that they shulde haue bene placedde in theire steede for that they semed to them not to be for their purpose Some other they dyd put into prysone and some they bannyshed That done they sente vnto Agis kynge of the Lacedemonyans who was at Decelea an Heraulte signefying that they woolde reconcyle themselfe wyth the Lacedemonyans and shewynge hym that he myght conceyue and take more suertie and truste in them than in the varyable and vnconstant comons But he whiche thought wel that the cytie could not be but in trouble and that the comons woolde not suffre their authorytie to be easely abolished specially if they parceyued any great army commyng byfore their towne and that the estate of the sayde foure houndred was not so establisshed but that it myght well be troubled he made them no answer touchyng the appoynctement But wythin fewe dayes after he caused to assemble a greate nōber of men of warre in the countrey of Peloponese wyth them and those that he had Decelea he came vnto the walles of the cytie of Athenes trustynge that they wolde haue rendred themself to hys wylle aswell for the trouble that was amonge them both wythin and without the cytie as also for feare seing so great puissance at theire gates And though that they woolde not doo yt yet yt semed vnto hym that he myght easely take the great walls by force for that that they were solitarie and required euer great watche and warde But it chaūced wholy otherwyse for the Athenyans dyd make no tumulte nor insurrection amongest themself but they caused their horsemen and also one parte of their fotemen aswell well armed as lyght armed to yssue fourth the whiche repoulsed incontynently those which were approched next vnto the wals and did slay a great part of them the spoiles of whom they caryed into the towne Wherupon Agis seyng that his enterprise did take no good effect he retourned to Decelea certen days after hys retourne he sent backe the strange souldyars whych he had caused to come for that same enterpryse and reteygned those that he hadde furste there And neuerthelas the foore houndred sente eftsones vnto hym for to treate the appoynctement the whyche he did take in good parte so that he perswaded them to sende Ambassadours vnto Lacedemonie for to treate the peace whyche they greately desyred On the other syde they sente tenne cytezeins of their faction or secte vnto those that were at Samie for to shewe them amonge many othere charges whyche they had that the same which they had done in changing of the comons estate was not to the damage of the cytie but for the welth therof and that the auctorytie was not in the power of foore houndred onelye but of fyue thousand and therby that it was asmuch in the handes of the comons as bifore time it had bene for somuch as at no affayre that euer was treated vpon in the cytie as domesticall nor wtin the self countrey as foreyne there was neuer foūde vnder the comons gouernance so great a nomber as fiue thousand men And the foore houndred did sende this Ambassade vnto Samie immediatly after the begynninge fearing leaste those
that the ennemys had lately gayned all that whyche was bifore vs we determyned to leaue our cytie and to destroye our houses and to loose our particular goodes not for to habandonne and forsake our freÌ„des and allyes and to disperse ourselues into dyuers places which if we had done we had not done them any saruice but we went fourth to serche the dangers vpon the Sea wythoute hauinge regarde or shewinge any grudge againste you for that that ye came not to succoure vs in tyme of nede wherfore we may well say for trouth that we were as profitable than vnto you as you vnto vs. For youe that kepte stille the townes inhabyted and therin had your goodes and your wyues and childrenne fearing to lose them came to our ayde not somuche for vs as for yourselues For if you hadde mynded to haue done for vs youe shulde haue come thider bifore oure cytie had bene habandoned and destroyed but as touchynge vs in forsakyng our towne whiche nowe had no more fourme of a cytie for to succour yours than whan it had no great apparance to saue yt selfe we were well wyllinge to coÌ„myt and putt ourselues into the dangers of the sayd warres and by thys meane was cause for a greate parte of your saulftie and of ours where if we had bene mynded to submit ourselues vnto the kynge of Mede as many other countreis did fearynge to be destroyed or after that we had habandoned our cytie had not had the hardynes to take the seas but as people faynte harted had wythdrawen our ourselnes into sure places truly ye durst not haue comme bifore the ennemy with so smal nomber of shyppes as youe than hadde wherupon by that meane youe shulde haue bene constrayned to haue done as he wolde wythout any faightinge Nowe semeth it not vnto youe lordes Lacedemonyans that for thys our hardynes and prudence we be wel worthy to haue and obtaigne the principalitie seigniory whiche we nowe haue Whyche ought not to be enuyed nor molested by Grece for that that we gott yt not by force but partly by pursuyng the ennemyes whiche you woulde not do and partly at requeste of some of our allyes that came to praye vs that we wolde take them into oure protection and gouernance By meanes wherof we haue bene constrayned to consarue and encrease our principalitie from that tyme vntyll this presente furste for feare afterwardes for honnour and fynally for proffytt And seinge also that we we enuyed of many people and that some of our subiectes and confederates be lately rebelled againste vs whome we haue subdewed and chastised yea and that youe arne moued to departe from our amytie and haue some suspition againste vs we shulde not be well counsailled to desiste from our trauayle but we shulde putt ourselues into greate daungier Fo they that shulde departe from our obeysance shuld come vnder yours wherefore no man is to be blamed if in thynges wherin he parceyueth greate danger he prouydeth for his indempnyte And youe lordes Lacedemonyens do not you gouerne for your profitte the cyties of Peloponeâ—e And if youe had contynued in your Empyre from the warre of the Medes vntil this present youe shulde haue bene both enuyed as we be of strauÌ„gers and also molestuous and rigorous to youre subiectes And of force youe shulde aither haue bene blamed to haue bene to farre imperiall and rygorous to youre subiectes or ells haue bene constrayned to put your estate into dangier And therfore if that we haue taken and consarued the rule and superiorite that hath bene geuen vs we haue done no newe thynge nother that that ys contrary to humayne lawes and customes And also there be thre great thinges that defende vs to leue and forsake yt to wytt the honnor the feare and the proffytte And of the other parte we arne not the inuentours and authors of suche thinge for it was neuer otherwyse but that the more weake were constrayned to obey vnto the stronger And we be well woorthy and do merytt so to do in our iudgement and also by yours if you woll egally consider both proffit and reason For no man woll prefarre reason somuche bifore proffit that if any hoÌ„nest occasion be offred hym to obteigne aduantage by force that he woll lett yt slippe And they be to be praysed that in vsynge and administringe right be of nature more bening and gracious in thair gouernement than the rule ryght of gouerning requyreth lyke as we do And if our Empier came into other mens handes we thinke that they shulde better parceue yt Althoughe that for this oure bountie and gentlenes we gett more reproche than prayse whych is a thinge very vnresonable For for that that we vse the selfe lawes in our contractes and in oure iudgementes with our subiectes whyche we vse amonge our selues besides this that it is a thynge contumelious and shamefull for vs yet they repute vs to be playdors and contentious And there is not one among theÌ„ that consydereth that there ys not any people in the worlde that more geÌ„tly entreate thair subiectes thaÌ„ we do And also men do not obey to other that be playdours as men do vnto vs. For it is laufull for them to vse force against thair subiectes whyche be intierly thair obeissantes wherfore it is not for them to come therto by iudgement nor proces But concerninge ours for the libertye whyche they haue bene accustomed to haue with vs and to be egall wyth vs in iustice if a man do them wronge in any thinge by deede or by woorde be it for neuâ—r so small a matter for the opynion that they haue in the rightuousnes of oure gouernanceâ— and that it shulde not be taken from them they not only be not thankefull to vs for that the remanant was lefte vnto them that men might haue taken from them by force but also they take yt for more displeasure to lose that lytle of thair good than if at the begynnynge we had vtterly captyued them to our wille and vsed towardes them violence not iustyce And yet in this case they durste not ones haue murmured or grudged but being our subiectes by wylle they would haue thought it a great offence to disobey vs. For we see euydeÌ„tly that the people take it to be more greuous and are more angry whan they be wronged than whan they be forced Also whaÌ„ a maÌ„ speketh to defraude one or to do hym wrong it is sayde that the iustyceys comone but whan a man speaketh of constrayninge it is vnderstanded that there is a superiour vsinge wille Of this cometh yt that they whych presently be our subiectes whan they were in subiection of the Medes indured paciently thair Empyre and now ours semeth vnto theÌ„ to be harde But to a discrete parsone this is no maruaile For al subiectes do alwayes coÌ„playne of the seignyorie that is presente And if your selfe had changed our Empire and shuld rule our subiectes truly
whiche Enesius was Ephore in Sparte and Pythodorus gouerned than at Athenes for one moneth Sixe monethes after the battayle which was made at Potyde in the begynnyng of the furst spring tyde At whiche tyme certayne Thebayns to the nomber of thre houndred vnder conducte of two the chefest men of the countreye of Beoce to wyt Pythangelus sonne of Phylide and Dyemporus sonne of Onetorydes entred secretely by nyght after the furst sleepe into the cytye of Platee whiche is in the countrey of Beoce but than it was confederated wyth the Athenyans by meane and intelligence of some of the cytye that opened for them the gates to wytt Nauclides and hys accomplices who wolde haue delyuered the sayde cytye vnto the Thebayns hopynge by that meane to destroye some of the cytezeins theyr ennemys and moreouer to make theyr partycular proffit the which had treated that practique by the meane of Eurymachus sonne of Leontiades that was the princypall and rychest man of Thebes Also the Thebains who well perceyued that in all euentes warre shulde be begonne agaynst the Athenyans wolde gladlye before that it were declared haue taken that towne which alwayes had bene theyr ennemye For by that meane the thyng was more easy to doo Also they entred without y◠any parsone parceyued it for that there was nayther watche nor warde in the cytye and they came wythoute makynge any noyce vpon the market place of the cytye Beyng in whiche place they were not of opynyon to execute that whiche they had graunted to them of the towne that had brought them in to wytt to go to fourrage the houses of theyr ennemys but they deuysed to cause to be proclaymed through the towne wyth sounde of trompet that they that wolde be allyes of the Beotiens and lyue accordinge to theyr lawes shulde cōme thyder bringe their harnoies trustinge by this meane to reduce thē without any difficultie y◠were citezeins to their intente Who vnderstāding that the Thebaynes were in their citie thinking that they had ben in greater nōber for that that they dyd not see thē bycause of the nyght they accepted their party came to parlamēt with them seyng that they wold innouate no thing with thē they retourned into their houses in good agremēt But incontynently after perceyuinge that they were so fewe people they deuysed that they might easelye defeate and ouercome them yf they set vpon them So they determined to assay it For they departed agaynste theyr wyll from the allyance of the Athenyans And to thintent that theyr banquett shulde not be parceyued by theyr assemblye in the stretes they persed incontynently the walles whiche parted theyr houses and passynge from the one to the other wythin a shorte tyme they were all togeders Afterwardes they tourned theyr charettes ouerthwart the stretes for to serue them for rampartes and made all other prouysyons suche as they thought reasonable and conuenyent according to the tyme. And after that they had ordeyned theyr case accordyng as they had hadde leasure and made moreouer watche all that nyght aboutes one houre before daye they yssued oute of theyr houses and came to sett vpon the Thebayns altogeders that yet were in the sayde market Fearyng that yf they assayled them in the day that they wold haue defended themself better and more hardly than they wolde do in the night beyng in a place wherof they had not well the practyse lyke as it happened For seyng that they were deceyued of theyr thoughte and that they were assaulted they dyd furste ioygne themself all together and parforced ones or twies themselues all with one strength for to passe through some strete but they were alwayes dryuen backe And than parceyuing the bruyte that men made vpō thē aswell they that assayled them as also the women the chyldren and other people vnmete to fyghte who casted stones and tyles from the houses vpon them they were so astonyed together with that that it rained very sharply that night that they fledde through the stretes so as they coulde wythout knowynge the more parte whyder they wente aswell by meane of the nyght as also that they had not practyse of the towne And so they were empesched for to saue them by those that pursued them whereby many were slayne By this chiefly that one of the citezeins came to the gate wherein they were entred whiche onely was open and dyd shut it castynge the shalte of a dart ouerthwarte the locke in stede of a barre So that they coulde not passe fourth that waye and so some mounted vpon the walles and threwe themselfe from a hyghe downe to the grounde the more parte of whome dyed Some other came to haue passed at an other gate wherat there was no warde and with a hatchet that a woman deliuered them brake the locke and yssued fourthe But there coulde not passe any greate nōber for that that the thynge was incontynently knowen The other were beaten donne in the stretes But the greater parte and chyefly those that were wygned togeders came to rushe into a greate edifyce or house which was wignyng to the walles of the towne wherof they founde by chaunse of aduenture the dore opē Thynkyng that it was one of the gates of the towne and that they myght saue themself by the same And than the cytezeins seing that they al were closed with in were in dyfference whyther they shulde set it in fyer for to burne them all together or that they shulde cause them to dye of an other sorte But fynally they there and all the other that were yet wythin the towne rendred themself wyth theyr armure to the wille of the cytezeins Durynge that these thynges were done in the cytye of Platee the other Thebayns that shulde with a greate bende haue folowed all the nyght those that were furste entred for to succour them yf it were nede had in theyr waye newes how they were assayled So they hasted them the most that they myght for to cōme to theyr succoure But they coulde not aryue sone ynough For there is frome Thebes to Platee .lxx. stades and the great rayne that was fallen that nyght had greately kepte them backe For the ryuer of Asopus which they must passe was by cause of the sayd rayne not easy to be gaged In suche sorte that whan they were passed they were aduertysed howe theyr people that taryed within were all deade or taken So they deuysed amonge them to take the paysans of Platee that were without the cytie wherof there was a great nomber together with a great quantyte of beastes and of moueables for that that there were yet no newes of warre to thintent to buy agayne by meane of those there that they shulde take them of theyr people that were yet within the towne and that were lyuynge And they being in thys delyberation the Plateans which greatly doubted the selfe thynge sente with dylygence a herault vnto them Shewynge that they had done nought to
diligeÌ„ce Yet they arryued at Delos before that the Athenyans parceyued them fromthence they came to Clarus to Myconus where they furst did vnderstand that the towne of Mytylene was rendred and geuenne ouer and yet neuerthelas the better to know the trouth of the matter they came vnto Embatus in the countreie of Erythreus Beinge in which place and vnderstaÌ„ding for trouth that it was than .vii. dayes passed sens the said cytie of Mytylene rendred itself they helde counsaill amonge themselfe for to determyne what they had to do wherupoÌ„ Teuciaplus yâ— HelyeÌ„ did speake in this manner Alcide youe other my compaignions and collegues whiche be here Capytaines of this armye for the Peloponesians this is my aduyse that we go straighte to Mytylene bifore that the Athenyans be aduertysed of oure commynge For it is to bileue that we shall fynde many thynges yll warded and kepte as it comonly chaunceth in a towne newly takenne and specially on the sea side wherby they doubted not that anye succours shulde comme and we be very stronge It is also to beleue that their souldyars be disparsed and ronne out of order throughe the lodginges as men haue accustomed whan they haue the victorie wherfore I thinke and haue good hope that if we go to lande there by night assayle theÌ„ soubdainly wyth the ayde of theÌ„ of the towne if there be any that be affectioned to our partie we shall haue honnour of oure enterpryse And we oughte not to feare the daungier But oughte to remember that that is comonly said of the feates of warre whyche ys that they be varyable There ys no other matter but by those meanes as I do shewe youe For if the Capytaine do kepe hym self at his defence and espieth his ennemye and canne assaylle hym with his aduauntaige he commeth oftentymes to the beste of his enterpryses Thus didde speake Teuciaplus But yet neuerthelas he coulde not drawe Alcidus to his opynyon Some other bannished from IonuÌ„ and from Lesbos which were in that armye shewedde the sayde Alcidus that sithens he feared the daunger to goo to Mytylene he shulde go to take one of the Cyties of Ionum orelles the cytie of Cumes in the countreye of Eolide from whence they mighte goo and cause the Ionyans to rebelle agaynste the Athenyans for they thoughte that they shulde goo into none place where they shulde not be receyuedde at theire wylle and plesure And by thys meanes that they shulde take fro the Athenyans a greate revenue that they leuyed vpon that countrey and also shulde recoâ—er vnto them that whiche shulde be sufficient for to enterteigne and paye their armye if they taryed there any tyme. And also they sayed that they had esperance the Pissuthnes wolde tourne to their parte But Alcidus was not of this opynyon nor yet of the othere bifore And vnto his the gretest parte of them that were in that same counsaille did agre whiche was that sithens they had faylled of the enterprise at Mytilene they shulde wythoute longer taryinge retourne into their countrey whiche thinge they did Beinge than departed from the porte of Embatus they came to arryue at the Isle of Myonesus whiche is bilonginge to the Teyens At whiche place he caused to be slayne manye prysonners that he had taken in that same sayling on the sea By reasone wherof whan he was arryued at Ephesus the Ambassadours of the Enyens that be in the Isle of Samos came vnto hym and shewed him that the lybertie of Grece was not well maigteigned to kille them that were not ennemys and had not taken armure against them but were allyed onely with the Athenyans through necessitie And that if he contynued so to do he shulde neuer withdrawe the confederates frome the Athenyans to the allyance of the Peloponesians but rather their frendes wold bicome their ennemys Throughe whiche declaration Alcidus gaue lycence to many prysonners that he yet had of Chio and of other places whyche he hadde takenne ryghte easely and wythout resistence For that that whan they didde see the shippes vpon the sea they fledde not awaye bifore them but came towardes them thinkinge that they had bene Athenyans For they neuer thought that the Athenyans kepinge the sea the shippes of the Peloponesians euer durste passe IonuÌ„ After that Alcidus departed in haste and as flyinge frome Ephesus For he was aduertised that he yet beinge at ancre at Clarus was sene and discouered by two ships comminge from Athenes To wyt by that same of Salamyne and by that other of Parale wherfore fearynge to be pursued by the armye of sea of the Athenyans he went into the depthe of the sea to the intente not to approche to any lande with his good wille vntill he arryued in Peloponese Herof were aduertised Paches and the Athenyans on all sides And specially by one certayne messenger that was sente by them of Ethreus For the cytes of IonuÌ„ that were not closed with walles were in greate feare that the armye by sea of the Peloponesians passynge a longe their countrey though they were not willinge to arrest or tary there that yet they wold lande for to pillage the townes that they founde in their waye Likewyse the ship of Salamyne and that same of Parale affyrmed to haue sene the armye of thennemyes at Clarus For thys cause Paches sayled for to pursue Alcidus and followed him with the greateste diligence that he might vnto the Isle of Latmos But seinge that there was no hope to tary him there he retourned backe And he thoughte that he had gott on inoughe that he founde them not in the meane sea for than he shulde haue bene forcedde to haue assaulted them and to kepe great watche ouer them And in retourning he wente vnto the cytie of Notion in the countrey of the Colophoniens by this occasion The Colophoniens holdinge that same cytie Itamenes and certayne strangers wyth him had by meanes of one debate that was amonge the Citezeins occupyed the fortres of the towne whiche was in fourme of one Castelle separated from the walles of thother body of the towne And afterwards about that same tyme that the Peloponesians was last entred into the countrey of Athens a great noise was afreshe moued betwene them that were comme newly to inhabitt in the cytie and the auncyent Cytezeins Through occasion wherof they that kepte the towne forteâ—ied themselfe vpon the walles that departed the towne from the castelle and hauinge with them souldyars estraungers whiche Pissuthnes and the Acardyans had sent them they accorded with theÌ„ that were in the Castell holding the partie of the Medes in maÌ„ner that all togither shuld gouerne the estate of the towne and the other that wolde not holde that partie they fledde out of the cytie and sent vnto Pachesâ— requirynge of him succours who beinge arryued bifore the towne caused Hippias to be called vnto him who was capytaine of
them that kepte the castelle that he shuld come to speake with him vpon suche suertie that if he woulde not do that whiche the sayde Paches shulde wille hym he wolde sende hym ayaine hoole and saulfe wythin the walle like as he dyd But whan that he was aryued bifore him he caused him incontinently to be warded and kepte wythout byndinge or chayninge him otherwyse Afterwarde right soubdainely he caused his people to marche againste the walles and rampares of the fort where the Acardyans and the strangers were who doubted nothing And soo they were taken by the assaulte and all putt to death After he caused Hippyas to be brought within the towne wythout doyng hym hurte But whan he was wythin he caused hym to be slayne wyth arrowes and rendered the cytie to the Colophonyens they beinge put fourthe that had taken parte with the Medes Afterwardes Thathenyans that were founders of that same cytie caused all the Colophonyans that were founde in their obeyssance to assemble themself togither And sent them to inhabitte there accordinge and ensuing their lawes At departure from NotioÌ„ Paches retourned vnto Mytylene brought agayne to the obeissance of the Athenyans the cyties of Pyreus and Eresse And found Salethus who had hydde himself in the towne of Mytylene And sent him to the Athenians wyth the MytylenyaÌ„s that he had sent to Thenedon with all the other that he coulde vnderstand to haue bene the authors of the rebellyon Afterwardes he sente away the greatest parte of his armye that he had brought thider and with the reste taryed there to geue order to the cytie of Mytilene and to all the Isle of Lesbos whan they that Paches had sente were arryued at Athens the Athenyans caused Salethus incontineÌ„tly to dye though that he promysed to do many thynges And amonge other that the siege whiche the Peloponesyans did holde yet bifore Platee shulde be raysed For the othere prysonners the matter beinge put in deliberation of the counsaille yt was with greate anger determined to cause to dye not onely theÌ„ that were thider brought but also all the Mytylenyens excepte the wemen and childrene frome foortene yeares downewarde whiche shuld be sklaues and bonde men For they estemed the faulte of the sayd Mytylenyans to be inremissible and not to be forgeuenne For that that they rebelled though that they were not entreated as subiectes as the other were And yet they had greater despyte for that the shippes of the Peloponesians had had the audacytie for to comme to succoure the sayd Mytylenyans to passe the sea Ionum with greater daunger whiche was a tokenne that the sayd Mytylenyens hadde pourposed and by longe circumstance prouyded afore for that same rebellyon So they dispatched a galley to signefy to Paches the decree of the Senate of Athenes and to commaunde him to execute yt Yet the morowe after they abhorred and repented themselues consydering the crueltie of the decree And they thoughte it to haynous to destroy and kylle all the people of a cytie and not to extinquishe them that had bene authors of the euill of other whiche thinge beinge knowin by thambassadours of the MytylenyeÌ„s and by the Athenyans that fauoured them they wente with all diligence to the chiefeste of the cytie and wyth greate wepinges and lamentacions perswadedde them gentely to putt the matter ones agayne into deliberation For those principalleste were well aduertysed that the moost parte of the people desired that it might be spokenne of agayne So they caused the counsaill to assemble whereat were spokenne many opynyons but amonge othere Cleon sonne of Cleuntus whose opynyon was coÌ„sented to the day bifore That all the MytylenyaÌ„s shuld dye a man roughe and vyolent and that had greate authorytie amonge the people did speake in this manner ¶ The narration and proposition of Cleon vnto the counsaille of the Athenyans ☞ The .vi. Chapter I Haue of teÌ„tymes knowin that the meane estate ought not to rule But yet I haue knowin more in their variation whiche I wylle shew you in thys matter of the Mytylenyans For yone thinke that oure allyes goo as frankely and withoute deceite in busynes towardes youe as youe go towardes them And ye parceyue not that the faultes that youe commytt do suffre youe to be seduced by their speakynges and persuations orelles by greate pytie doo putte youe in daunger And also youe gette not for all that their good wylle And ye consyder not that the empyre that youe haue ys but veray tyrannye and that they that obeye youe doo yt againste their wylle and also they wolle not be longer obedyente for that youe pardonne the taultes that they haue donne againste youe And that your force and the feare that they haue of youe do make them obeissant and not the goodnes and mercy that you vse towardes them But the woorste that I see in oure affayre ys thys that in matters determynedde and concludedde there ys no fyrmenes nor stabilitie And we vnderstande not that there ys better gouernemente in a cytie that vseth his lawes fyrmely and wythoute reuocation yea though they be euyll than in that same that hath good lawes and doth not kepe them inuiolablie And that ignorance wyth sobrenes and grauitie is more woorth than knowlaige wyth inconstancy and rashenes And that the people that be somwhat grosse more slacke of vnderstandinge doo admynistre well and conducte better an estate thaÌ„ they that be more hable and sharper wytted For thies woll alwayes be wyser than the lawes and shewe in all matters wherof ys questioÌ„ by force of eloqueÌ„ce and of well speakynge that they knowe more than the othere knowinge that in no othere matter they canne somuche shewe the excellency of their wyâ—te as in those that be of greate importance whereby many inconueniences haue oftentymes chaunced to cyties where as they that truste not somuch to their knowlaige woll not be wyler than the lawe and also knowinge that they be not eloquente ynough to aunswere to sturre to all reasons with fayre wordes study more to iudge by reasone and to come to the effecte than to debate the matters by argumentes coÌ„munication wherby matters haue bene the better gouerned for the more part In this manner it is coÌ„uenyent lordes not trusting in our eloqueÌ„ce habilitie not to perswade our people otherwyse than we know for the trouthe And as for myselfe I am in the same opynyon touchinge this matter as I was yesterdaye And I am abashedde of theyme that haue causedde thys matter to be putt agayne into deliberation and by this meane suffre the tyme to be loste and ronne to the proffitte of them that haue offendedde youe and not to yours For in delayinge of the punishemente he that hathe receyuedde the offence dothe aswage hys anger and ys not afterwardes so sharpe to reuenge yt where as whan menne take vengeaunce in their heate they exeâ—ute it the better accordinge to the demeritte And also
â—ykewyse many of those that came out of the mayne land to the succours of the principal Citezenis returned priuely into theyr houses The morowe after Nicostratus Duke of the Athenyans aryued in the porte of Corcyâ—e wyth twelue shyppes and fyue hundreth meÌ„ Messenians coming frome Naupacâ—e who for to reduce all the Citie into coâ—corde entreated and trauaylled amonge them that they shulde agree and be freÌ„des and that tenne only of them that had bene the principallest of the sedition shulde be punysshed and that they neuerthelas shulde not abyde IudgemeÌ„te but saue themselfe And as for the rest that al the othere shulde tary in the Citye as before and that all wyth one accorde shulde confirme agayne the allyance wyth the Athenyans to wyt to be frendes of frendes and ennemyes of ennemyes After that this appoinctement was so concluded and agrede the principallest and chiefest of the people treated wyth Nicostratus that he shulde leue them fyue of the shyppes to defende that the other partye shulde not ryse nor sturre And moreouer that he shulde charge and take into hys other shippes those that they shulde aduertise to be of the contrarye parte and cary them awaye wyth hym to thintente that they myght not make anye mutyne and insurrection whyche thynge he graunted them But so as they made the rolle of theyme whome they wolde haue charged vpon the sayde shippes they fearinge to be caryed into Athenes wythdrewe themselfe into franchise and sanctuarye into the temple of Castor and Pullur And though that Nicostratus dyd put them in comforce and exhorted them to come with hym yet coulde he not perswade theÌ„ By occasioÌ„ wherof the people wente into there houses toke all the harnes that they had and had slayne some that they encountred yf that Nicostratus had not empesched letted them whiche perseaued by the other that were of that bende they wythdrewe them selues into the temple of Iuno to the noumber of foore houndred whereby the people fearynge lest they wolde make some innouation and noueltie he perswaded theÌ„ so that they were contente to be sent into a Isle that was foranempste the sayde temple in the whiche they shulde be furnisshed of that that was necessarye for their lyuinge The thinges being in suche estate foure or fyue dayes after that the sayde Citezenis were caryed into the sayde Islande the shypps of the Peloponesians that remayned in Cyllene after theyr retourne from IouiuÌ„ whereof Alcidos was Capytanie and his counsaillor Brasidas whiche were in noumber Liii arryued in the porte of Sybota whiche is a Citie in the mayne land and at the breake of the daye they tooke theyr waye towardes Corcyre whiche parceyued by the Citezenis they were much astonyed aswel through cause of theyr Ciuylle dessencions as also for the comynge of the ennemys And so they armed thre skoore shippes wyth theyr people and sente them the one after the other to mete wyth the ennemys so as they were charged Howe be it the Athenyans prayed them that they wolde suffre them to go for moste in the Battaille that they wolde come afteral togider Nowe the Corcirians saillinge thus despersed and oute of ordre after that they bygonne to approche and drawe nyghe vnto the Peloponesians two of the same Corcyrians shipps came to Ioigne wyth them and they that were wythin the other dyd fight togithers amonge themselfes wythout anye order whiche parceyâ—ed by the Peloponesians they sente twentye of theyr shippes againste them and the other made towarde the twelue of the Athenyans amonge whome there was one of Salamyne and an other of Parale The Corcyrians through the dysorder that was amonge them caste themselfe into a whele or rouâ—denes But the Athenyans fearyng to bee enclosed by the multytude of thennemys shippes came not directly againste the mayne â—lete but charged vpon one of the Corners and so dyd sincke one of theyr shyppes and afterwardes they dyd caste them selfe into a roundenes and sailled tourninge aboute the ennemyes trusting to put them in disorder whiche parceyued by the .xx. shippes that were gone against the Corcyriens fearinge lest yt shulde happene lyke as it chaunced vnto them at Naupacte they came to the succours of theyr compaignyons and all Ioignned togiders they made directly against the Athenyans who retired faire and easely But as the peloponesyans charged lyuely vpon them the Corcirians dyd put them selues in flyght after that the conflict and battaile had contynued vntyll nyght the Peloponesians had the victoryâ— Than the Corcirians fearynge that the ennemys hauinge the victory wolde come to assayle them in the Citie or that they wolde take with them the Citizens that were sente into the Isle or do some other enterpryse with them they did charge and take in the sayde Citezenis and caryed them agayne fro the Isle into the temple of Iuno and afterwardes they dyd sett watches in the towne Neuerthelas the enemies thoughe they hade the victorye durst not come againste the towne but wyth thirtene shippes whiche they had takeÌ„ with Corcyriens they retired into the porte fromewhence they were departed nor also the daye folowinge they durste remoue although the Cytie was in greate trouble and that Brasidas was of opynyon that they shulde haue gone thyder For Alcidâ—s that was of greater auctorytie was of a contrarye mynde and they wente fromethence to lande at the promontorye of Leucynne at whiche place beynge landed they dyd many euylles in the lande of Corcyre Durynge this tyme the Corcyrians fearinge theyr cumminge had a parliamente wyth them that were retyred into the temple of Iuno howe they myght defende the Citye and wyth some of them they had so muche perswaded that they had caused theÌ„ to enter into the shyppes whereof they had armed thirtye the best that they might haueâ— for to wythstonde thennemyes if they had come But they after that they had pyllaged wasted the territorye vnto the south returned into the shyppes and so sayled awaye And the nyght folowynge signe was made vnto them by his lyghts that ther was departed thre skoore shypps Athenyans from Leucade whiche made against them lyke as it for trouth was For the Athenyans vnderstandinge the dessencion and mutyne that was in the cytye of Corcyre and the aryuall of the shyppes that Alcydas coÌ„ducted they sent Eurymedone sonne of Thucleas wyth the sayde .lx shyppes iâ—to that partye wherof Alcidas the Peloponesians beynge aduertised they toke theyr waye costyng the lande for to go into theyr countrey wyth the moste diligence that they coulde And to thintente that it shulde not be perceyued that they toke theyr course by the mayne sea trauessed by the distreate of Leucade directly vpoÌ„ the other syde The Corcyrians beyng aduertysed as well of the departure of the Peloponesians as of the commynge of the Athenyans set agayne wythin the cytie of Myssena the citezenis that were dryuene fromthence And afterwarde caused theyr shyppes to departe whiche they had charged wyth
theyr people aâ—d they saylled vnto the porte Hyllaiquus and in saylynge alongest the lande they did put to death all thennemyes that they founde whiche thinge they parceyuinge that abodde afterwardes they constraygned the Cytezenis whiche they had caused to enter into theyr shippes to go out of them and they wente vnto the temple of Iuno and perswaded them somuche that were wythdrawin thyder that there were fyftye that were contente to put theyr case to Iustice to come to defende theyr cause in Iudgemente the whiche al were condempned to deathe Whych thing they vnderstandynge that abodde in the temple dyd euery one kyll them selues Some hanged themselfe vpon trees other dyd slaye the one the other amonge themselfe other by other meanes in suche maner that there eskaped not one moreouer durynge the space of seuene dayes that Euremedon taryed there with the three skoore shyppes the Corcyryans caused all them of the Cytie to dye that they toke for theyr enemyes vnder couloure that they wolde subuerte and destroye the common estate Some ther were which were slayne for particuler ennymyties some other by reason of monnye that was owinge them by theyrâ— owne debtours And in effecte there happened in that same towne all the crueltyes and inhumanyties that ar wonte to be sene in lyke case yea and yet worser For it was founde that the fathere dyd kyl the sonne and also men were slayne wythin the temple yt selfe and also they drewe men out of the temples for to slaye them Some there were whiche were chayned with yrons in the Chapel of the god Bathus wherâ— they dyed wyth a violente deathe So muche cruell was that sedycion and mutyne The conspiraties and partialyties that arose aswell in the Citie of Corcyre as in all other cities of Grece by meanes of the warre that was bitwene the Athenyans and the Peloponesians the execrable euilles that therby chanced ¶ The xii Chapter THat seditious and ciuile dissention semed somuche more cruell for that yt was the furst that chaunced in that same quartier but afterwardes it raigned in manner through all the Cities of Grece For the more parte of the people toke partie wyth Thatheniens and the most honest the same wyth the Lacedemonyans whiche parcialitte and occasion of Cyuile dessention they had not had afore that warre But during the same they ceased not to call to theyr ayde those of the one parte for to anoye the other For they that desired to haue mutation and change were well aysedde to haue that coulour and occacion wherby many greate and haynous euilles chaunced in the Cities and shall happen alwaies as longe as the people shal be of such nature and inclynacion whither they be the greatest meaner or of the other sorte after that the cases of the mutacions and chaunses shall happen whiche thinge chaunceth not in tyme of peace For that that the people haue better opynyon wyl aswel in publique matters as in particular not being constrayned to come to thies forced ennemyties But warre by bringing of lacke and necessitie of victuailes aâ—d wythdrawinge the habuÌ„dance of all thinges maketh herselfe maystres by force and also easely draweth vnto her the vyolence and euyll wyll of many for to pursue and folowe the condition of the tyme. Through suche meanes than were in that tyme vexed and troubled the esâ—ates and gouernours of the Cyties of Grece by reason of the cyuill seditions And whan it was knowin that an Insolencie hadde bene done and commytted in one place the other toke couraige yet to do worse for to make some newe matter or to shewe that they were more diligente and inuentiue than the other orelles more insolente and desirous to reuenge themselfe Aud all the euylles whiche they commytted they disguised and named by newe and vnaccustomed names For temeritie and rashnes they named magnanymytie and noblenes of courage so that the rashe were named vertuous defendors of theyr frendes And slackenes and faintnes they named an honest feare And modestie they named couered pusillanimytie or cowardenes A hedlinge indignatioÌ„ manhode and hardynesr Prudente cosultacioÌ„ and deliberatinge in causes a sensed and clokedde deceate And in effect he that shewed hymselfe alwayes furious was reputed a faythfull frende and he that spake againste hym was holden for suspect He that well executed his enterpryses and vengeaunce was reputed wyse and of knowlaige and yet more the same whiche preuented suche lyke mischefe of his ennemye or that prouyded that on his parte not one man shulde shrynke from the faction and deede or els that shulde ones feare the ennemys And in a totall some he that was most prompt and redy to hurte an other was most praysed And yet more he that instructed other to do that to an other that he thought not on And also this compaigny and consederation was greater amonge the strange people than amonge parentes for that they were moste ready to do eny enterprise wythout any refusal and excuse â—or also they made not thies assembles and conspiracions by aucthorite of lawes nor for the welthe of the comon weale but for a couetousnes against all reason And the fayth whiche they kepte amonge themselfe was not for any religion that thâ—y had but for to continue that pestelence and that same cryme in the comoÌ„ weale If anye of the compaigny sayde anye good and honest thyng to the contrary they wolde not accepte it for suche nother as commyng of a noble courage But if they myght defende it wyth dede they loued muche better to reuenge theÌ„ selfe than not to be oultraged If they made any appoinctemente wyth solempne othe it endured vntyl one of the partyes founde it selfe strongest But for the leaste occasion that he coulde fynde his compayguion at his aduantage he was more Ioyefull to apprehende hym vnder coulour of that appoyntmente than if he had defyed hym byfore aswell for that that it was moore sure as also that it semed vnto him a greate prudencie to haue ouercomed that stryfe through malice For also this thinge is more comone that the vnhappy and euyll whereof the nomber is infinitt may be rather called industrious than the symple and innocent be named good And also comonly the people be ashamed to be so symple and reioyse to bee vngracious All whiche thynges proceded of auaryce and couetice of other mens goodes And there vpon arose the conspiraties and partakynge For they that were Capitanes of the bendes for the cyties dyd take euerye one an honest occasion of theyr partialitie to wytt they that susteigned the comon estate sayde that it was a cyuill Equalitye And they that maignteigned the gouernaunce of a small nomber of particuler people sayed that the rule of the richeste men was that same that ought to be preferred And thus dyd euery one debate to maigteigne the comon wealeâ— as in wordes but the ende of theyr debate and question of the effect of theyr victorye was to enterpryâ—e all
warre that they had against the Athenyans for there is but a veray smalle sea to passe frome thence into Eubee and also they may easely make ther theyr Armye by sea agaynst the Eubeens and also it shulde be a recours vnto them whaÌ„ they wolde go into Thrace For whiche reasons they sett all theyr studye for to buylde the sayde habitacion And after that they had demaunded counsell of the god Apollo in the temple of Delphos they sente thyder a great nomber of labourers aswell of the countrey as of the places nygh adioynyng And also they caused it to be publyshed through all Grece that it shulde be laufull to all them that wolde go thederâ— for to inhabytt there excepte the Ioniens and the Acheens And they gaue the charge commissioÌ„ for to builde the sayde colonie habytacioÌ„ vnto thre of theyr Citezeins to wyt Leontes Alcidas and Damagontes Who hauinge departed the quarters amonge them that were come inclosed the towne wyth walle on all sydes whiche at this presente is called Heracleus distante frome the mountes Thermopyles forty stades and wythin halfe a stade nygh to the sea And also they prepared and bygonne to make pierrs for to kepe shippes nygh to the Thermopyles and the deltreate therof for to be in greater suertye The Athenyans frome the begynnynge had some feare of that same newe cytye vnderstandyng that it had bene buylded foranempst the Isle of Eubee for that that there was a ryght small space of the sea to trauers fromthence vnto the towne of Cenee whiche is the sayde Isle of Eubee But yet it chauÌ„ced otherwyse than they loked for For they had no damage by meane that the Thessalenyens that ruled in that same countrey and they of the territorye for whome the cytie was buylded fearynge to haue neighbours more puissant than themselfe bigonne to vexe and trouble the newe Citezeins so that in contynuance the more parte were constrayned to habandone the place And wher as in the beginninge the cytie was strongly peopled for that that the people were gone thyder from all costes veray wyllyngly thinkinge that it shulde be a â—ure stable place beynge fonnded and builded by the Lacedemonyans yet in small tyme ther remayned but a small nomber of theÌ„ wher of the chiefest that those Lacedemonians had sente thyder was gretly in faulte aswell for that that they discouraged many of them as also for that they entreated them rudely in manye thynges wherby they were more easly vauyquisshed by theyr neyghbours Howe Demosthenes Duke of Athenians beinge bifore Leucade departed froÌ„ thence to come to make warre agaynste the Etholians And howe he was by them ouercome and some other thynges that were done by the Athenyans in Sycille ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter IN that same somer and durynge the tyme that the Athenyans were bifore Melus thirty shippes that wente saylling aboute the couÌ„trey of Peloponese came furste to lande nighe to Ellomene in the countrey of Leucade And there layde a lytle embusthement by meanes wherof they dyd take certayne of the men of warre that were there in garnisâ—n and afterwardes wyth all their armye came bifore the cytie of Leucade hauing all the Acarnanyans in their compaignie resarued those of Eniade those of zacynthe and those of zephalenie And they had moreouer fiftene shipps wyth Corcirians whyche altogider being in so greate puissance wasted and pillaged al the contrey and all the lande of Leucade aswell nighe as a farre of and chieflye the temple of Apollo whiche was ioygninge to the cytie And yet notwythstanding the cytezeins for the euyll that was done in their lande wold not issue fourthe but kepte themself sure wtin their cytie whyche seynge the Acarnanyans made great instance to Demosthenes duke of the Athenyans that he would assiege locke them in wyth walles Hoping that the towne might easely be takene And by that meane they shulde be in suertie for that the Leucadyans were their ancyent ennemys But Demosthenes who for that tyme gaue more creditt to the Messenyans was by theÌ„ perswaded to leue the enterpryse to go to make warre against the Etholiens hauing so great an armye aswell for that that they were mortall enemys of Naupacte as also for that that they sayde that in vainquisshinge and subdewynge the sayd Etholyens they shulde after reduce and bring easely all the remenaunt of the countrey of Epyre to the obeyssance of the Athenyans And although that the sayd Etholians were a great nomber of people good warryours yet it semed to the sayd Messenians that they might easely be vainquished aswell for that their townes were not closed wyth walles and also were farre distant the one from the other wherby they myght not easely succour the one the othere as also for that they were all ill armed and after the slightest manner And their aduise was that the Apadotes shulde be furst assaylled afterwardes the Ophioniens and consequently the Eurytanyens whyche is the greatest partie of Etholyens whyche be people in manner sauaige and wylde of manners and of language And they be commonly called Omophages whiche is asmuche to saye as eatynge rawe fleshe For hauynge subdued them there it semedde well that the othere myghte afterwardes be easely subdued To thys counsaille Demosthenes consented aswell for the credytte that he gaue to the Messenyans as also for that it semed well to hym that hauynge the Epirates with hym and the Etholyens he myghte wythoute othere armye of the Athenyans come by lande to warre against the Beotiens taking his waye through the contreys of Locres of Ozoles of Cytynyansâ— and by the quarter of Dorie whiche ys on the lefte hande of the mounte Parnasus and discendynge fromthence into the countrey of Phocyens who be ioygninge to the couÌ„trey of Beoce the which he hoped to induce intreate to geue hym passage and ayde for the auncyente amytie that they had wyth the Athenyans orels to constraigne them therunto by force Upon this enterpryse he than wythdrewe all his army froÌ„ bifore Leucade and went fromthence by sea in to Solye maulgre and agaynst the wyl of the Acarnanyens Unto whome hauinge coÌ„munycated and rehersed his enterprise and seinge that they allowed it not to be good but rather were angry agaynste him for that that he had not assieged Leucade he weÌ„t wythout them to his said enterpryse with the rest of his armye wherin were onely the Cephalenicus and the Messenyens with thre houÌ„dred Athenyans marroÌ„ners the he had in his shippes For yâ— .xv. shipys with the Corcyrians were already departed And he wente froÌ„ Oenone which is in the couÌ„trey of Locriens who were confedered with Ozoles were obliged and bounde to the AthenyaÌ„s to sarue them wyth their power whaÌ„ they shulde make warre in the countreys Mediterranie whiche succours semed to be muche vtile and profytable to that enterpryse for that that
they were neyghbours of the Etholyans and armed themselfe all in one facion And moreouer they knewe all theyr country and theyr maner of fyght Aâ—d Demosthenes made his assembly in the temple of Iupiter Nemeus in the which as men saye Hestodus the poete was slayne by the paisaÌ„s wherof he had no boubt For that that it had bene shewed hym afore that that shulde happene vnto hym in Nemea wherby he thought that the Oracle mente and vnderstode of the cytie of Nemea But experyence sheweth that it was in that same place that was surnamed Nemyan From that selfe place departed Demosthones at the breake of the daye wyth all his Armye for to enter into Etholye And the furst daye he dyd take the towne of Potydanie the seconde that same of Crossilyon and the thyrde that of Tithyon in the which he soiourned a certayne small tyme and fromethence sente the bowtye that he had taken vnto the Cytie of Eupolion in the countrey of Locres hauynge in wylle after that he had subdued all the rest of the countrey and that he shulde be returned to Naupacte to go fromethence also to subdue the Ophionyens if they wolde not yelde with theyr good wyll But of that same preparacion the Etholiens were suffyciently aduertised and that from the tyme chiefly that he hade enterprised for to ouerronne theÌ„ Wher vpon incontynently as they were entred into theyr countrey they assembled togither from all partes and chiefly came thyder those of Ophionie which be in the vttermoste parte of the countrey nygh the Goulphe of the sea that is called Maliaquus And lykewyse the Bomiens and the Galliens durynge this tyme that they assembled themselfe the Messeniens folowynge the counsaylle that they had geuen to Demosthenes perswadinge hym that the sayde Etholiens were easye to vaniquishe they counsaylled him to go as sone as he myght to wynne the townes and vyllages of the countrye byfore the enemys were all assembled Ensuyng which counsaille and trustyng in his good fortune forsomuche as hetherto nothinge had chaunced hym to the contrary wythout tarying succours of the Locriens which myght haue bene verye necessarye for hym for that they were people of trect lyghtly armed he wente agaynst the towne of Egytie the which he dyd take wythout resystyng for that that the inhabytaÌ„ce had forsakeÌ„ it and were retired into the mountaignes that be aboute the towne whiche is situated in a hygh place aboute soore stades frome the sea Nowe there was ariued the other Etholiens and were lodged in dyuers quarters of the sayde mountaynes all the whiche at one fronte came to assayle the Athenians and theyr allies on all sides with greate strockes of shotte and casting with the hande And when the same Athenians charged vpon them they retired Afrerwardes when they withdrewe themselfe they folowed them and this manner of feighâ—inge endured a longe tyme wherin the Athenians had alwaies the woorste aswell in assayllinge as in defendinge yet so longe as theyr people of shott had wherewyth to shoote they defended themselfe indifferently wel For the Etholiens that were yll armedde whan they perceyued the sayde people with shotte to drawe nighe they retired Aâ—d after that the captayne of those people wyth shoote were slayneâ— the other that nowe were trauaylled and weryed being also ouercome by the enemyes they returned and put themselfe in flight togethere wyth the remenaunte of the Athenyans and of theyr allyes And in flyinge they came to reste and passe throughe thee roockes where no waye was For Crenon Messenyan that was theyr guyde was slayne By meane wherof there was manye deade in the flyghte For that that the Etholyens whiche were lyghtly armed incontynently ouertoke them specyallye those that knewe not whythere to flyee And for that that one parte was sauyde by passynge thwart a woode they put fyer wythin it and were all burnedde So that there was no manner of flyinge and of deathe that was not thanne sene in the hoste of Athenyans And with greate payne a very small nomber of theyme that escaped from that battaille might saue themselfe in the place of Eneone in the countrey of Locres from whence they were departed And there died of the confederates a veray great nomber and of the Athenyans sixe skoore all yonge menne and of the beste warryours that they had togiders wyth procles one of the beste Dukes and Capytains After that discomsiture they that were vainquished confessinge to the ennemyes the victorye recouered their deade And retourned that done vnto Naupacte And fromthence to Athenes Resarued Demosthenes who taryed there and in places nighe adioygninge for feare that he had of the Athenyans by cause of that ouerthrowe that he had hadde In that same sommer tyme the Athenyans that sailed aboutes Sycile beinge comme by sea agaynste the Locryens and hauinge wonne one conflicte againste him at the entry of a passage whiche they kepte they did take one of their townes that ys sytuated vpon the ryuer of Haleces named Peripolyon Howe Eurylochus duke of the Peloponesyans hauinge fayled to take the cytie of Naupacte at the perswation of the Ambracyans enterprysedde warre agaynste the Amphilochyens and the Acarnanyens And howe the Athenyans purefyed the Isle of Delos ☞ The .xv. Chapter NOwe had the Etholiens after that they vnderstoode the enterpryse of the Athenyans agaynste them sente their messengiers to the Lacedemonyans and to the Corynthiens to wytt Tolophus of Ophione Boriades of Eurytanie and Tysander of Apodotie for to require and demaunde their succours agaynste the armye of the Athenyans that was come to Naupacte whiche Lacedemonyens sente them three thousande of their allyes all well armed Amongeste whome there were fyue houndred of the cytie of Heracleus whiche they had newely builded and peopled And they gaue the pryncipall charge of that armie to Eurylochus and appoincted to hym for compaignyons Macarius and Menadatus all whiche three were Spartayns who hauinge assembled their armye at Delphos Eurylochus commaunded the Locryens and the Ozoles that they shulde sende hym their peole for that that he wolde take hys waye fromthence for to go to Naupacte and also would gladly wythdrawe the sayd Locryens and Ozoles frome the amytie of Athenyans hauynge nowe already wythdrawne to hys partie the Amphisses who for the hatred and feare that they had of the Phocyens were the furste that yeldedde and hadde geuen hostages and pledges And also they had induced and brought the other that were afrayde of the commynge of the sayd armye to do the lyke And speciallye the Myonyens whiche were there neighbours on that side where the lande of the Locryans is worste to go vnto And after those there the Ipâ—esiaÌ„s the Mesapyens the Tritaniens the Tholophonians the Hessees the Chalees the Eanthiens Al the which came to that army with the Peloponesians Some other wolde not come thider but did geue onely
Heraclien by a soubdayne breache and inundacion of the sayd ryuer that commethe out of the mountaignes he loste all hys shippes and came fromethence with his people by lande trauersyng the countreis of Bythinie and of Thrace whiche is beyonde the sea of the coste of Asia vnto the citie of Chalcidonie whiche is at the mouthe of the sea of Pontus apperteignyng to the Megarians In that same somer Demosthenes Duke of the Athenians departyng from Megare came with fortye shippes into Naupacte for to execute the enterprise whiche he Hippocrates had made togiders with certein Beotiens Which was to reduce the estate of that same countrey to the gouernance of the comon people like as that same of Athens was Of which coÌ„spiracie was principall author conductor a citizene of Thebes that had bene bannyshed named Priodorus And they had determined to execute it in this maÌ„ner That is that those Beotians shulde by treasone surrendre to the Athenians one towne named Syphas Whiche is in the territorie of the citie of Thespie in the goulphe of the sea Crissee And on the other syde some other shulde haue delyuered them one other towne named Chironee whiche were subiect to the Orchomenians by the ayde of the bannyshed men of the sayd citie of Orchomenie Who had soulded waged certaine men of warre being Peloponesians Nowe is the sayd towne of Cheronee in thextreÌ„myties fourthest parte of the couÌ„trey of Beoce Directly anempst Phanotide in the countrey of Phociens partely inhabited with the sayd Phocians On the other syde that the Athenians shuld occupie take the temple of Apollo in the towne of Delos in the countrey of Tanagrians of the coste of Eubee All the whiche enterprises shulde be executed on one daye therfore named To thintent that the Beotians vnderstandyng the takyng of the other townes and fearyng to bee in their oune houses shulde not be so bolde to come to succour Delos And the sayd Athenians thought that if their enterprise myght come to effect so that they myght enclose the temple of Delos with a walle they might easely trouble the estate the gouernance of the Beotians If not soubdainly yet at the least with the tyme kepyng garnisones within the sayd townes that they would ouerronne and pillage the countrey And furder hauing withdrawen thider all the bannyshed men and other nigh adioyignyng the Athenians myght at tymes sende thider succoure to them that were withdrawen thider And the Beotiens not hauing a sufficiente armye for to resist myght geue them lawe and manner to lyue at their wylle and pleasure And thenterprise shulde be executed in suche sorte For Hippocrates that ledde and conducted the footemen shulde at a day named departe from Athens and enter into the lande of the Beotians And on the other syde Demosthenes was gone to Naupacte with foortye shippes for to assemble people of the countrey of Acarnanâ—e and of other adioignyng to them shulde be the selfe daye at Syphas for to entre into it by the meane of the prattique Hauing than Demosthenes assembled a great nomber of people aswell of Eniades as of other Acarnanians and also of other allyes Athenians that were come to be there from all costes he went first lo lande at Salynthe and at Agree where they looked and attended also for other people and prepared themself for to come to his enterprise at Syphas at the daye ordeigned Nowe happened it that in that selfe ryme Brasidas that was gone with a thousande fyue houndred footemen for to geue order to the affaires of the countrey of Thrace being come into the citie of Heraclee in the couÌ„trey of Trachine he damauÌ„ded of the frendes which he had in the couÌ„trey of Thessale that they shulde come to accoÌ„paignie hym that he myght passe suerly So there came to hym Panerus of Dorie Hippolochidas of Thorile Strophacus of Chalcide and certaine other Thessalyans whiche were in the towne of Melyte in the countrey of Achaye and conducted hym And lykewyse Niconidas of Larisse parent of Perdicas kyng of Macedonie came to him for that selfe cause For otherwyse it had not bene possible for the sayd Brasidas to passe through the same countrey of Thessale muche lesse than at any other tyme though alwayes bifore that there was danger in it somuche yâ— more doubt was therin that he was in armure For therby he had brought into suspicion yâ— people of the countrey that toke parte with the AtheniaÌ„s Whereby if Brasidas had not had the conduct of the geeatest of the couÌ„trey which had accustomed to gouerne the people more by force thaÌ„ by auctoritie iustice he coulde neuer haue passed And yet neuertheles he had muche busines with them For those that toke parte with the Athenyans mett with hym at the riuer of Empee for to empesche stoppe hys passage saying that it was oulrage iniury for him to passe wtout hauing saulfconducte of the people of the countrey Whereunto those of the countrey that coÌ„ducted him answered theÌ„ that the said Braâ—idas the people would not passe by force But that being there aryued soubdainly as their freÌ„des they ought to suffre theÌ„ to passe And Brasidas himself sayd that he was their frendeâ— and passed through their countrey not for to offende theÌ„ but only for to go agaynst the AtheniaÌ„s ennemyes of the Lacedemonians knewe not that there was any enmytie betwene the Thessalyans the Lacedemoens whereby the one myght not passe through the countrey of the other And that he would not as in dede he coulde not passe thorough theirs against their willes But he prayed them hartely that they would not empesche nor hinder hym And by those woordes they retourned he passed at his pleasure Notwithstanding those that did conducte hym counsailled that he shulde passe with the most diligence that he coulde through the rest of the couÌ„trey without aresting in any parte To thintent that he gaue no time leasure to the other paysantes to assemble togider which thing he did In suche sorte that the self day that he was departed from Mylett he came vnto Pharsale lodged his campe nigh to the Ryuer of Apidane And fromthence he came into Phacie fro Pharsa into Perebie In which place those that had conducted him thider lefte him And was conducted by the Perebiens who be of the seigniorie and empire of the Thessalians vnto Dyon which is a towne vnder the mount Olimpus in the countrey of Macedonie on the coste of Thrace in thobeissance of Perdiccas In this manner Brasidas trauersed the countrey of Thrace bifore that any tyme was had for to empesche or lett his passage And he went vnto Perdiccas who was in Chalcide whiche Perdiccas the other Thraciens that were reuolted turned against the Athenians vnderstaÌ„ding their prosperitie fearing to be by them
quarter to be fully determyned to followe it to their power On the othere syde the Athenyans consyderinge the daunger sente fourthwyth succours into the sayde quarter for to kepe and defende their lande although it were wynter tyme. Also Brasidas hadde wrytton vnto them of Lacedemonye that they shuld sende vnto him succours And in the meane tyme he woulde cause to be made asmanye shyppes as he coulde in the ryuer of Strymone But the Lacedemonyans did sende him no succours aswel through occasyoÌ„ of the discorde of the princypallest of the cytie as also for that that the people desired to recouer the prysonners whyche were takene in the Islande and by that meane rather to make peace than to contynue the warre Howe Brasidas did take the cytie of Torone by treatie and intellygence and the same of Lecithum by force ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter IN the same wynter the Megaryans recoueredde the longe wal whiche the Athenyans hadde gottone from them and subuerted and tourned yt vpsett downe And Brasidas after the takynge of Amphipolis wente wyth hys armye agaynste a place named Aâ—te which is sett on highe vpon a mountaigne named Athos whiche entreth wythin the kyngly dyche and extendeth vnto the sea Egeus In the lengthe wherof be sytuated many cyties to wyt Sana whyche is inhabyted with the Andrians ad lyeth vpon the said dychâ— on the sea syde foranempst Eubeus And beyonde them be Thysus Cleone Acrothous Holophixus Dius which be inhabited with people of diuers natioÌ„s estrauÌ„gers which vse two languages in parte the same of the ChalcydiaÌ„s but pryncipally of Pelasgyans and of the Thyrenyens whyche had sometyme inhabyted at Lemnus and at Athens and also of the Bisaltiques of Crestonians and of Edonyens whyche dwelled and kepte themselfe in some of the villages in the sayd countrey of the whyche cyties the more parte rendredde themself vnto the allyance of Brasidas And forsomuche as Sanius and Dyus resisted him he pyllaged wasted their terrytory And neuerthelas seinge that he could not tourne them he departed fromthence and wente agaynste Torone in the countrey of Chalcyde whiche dyd take parte wyth the Athenyans by the practise and sollycytinge of somme of the Cytezeins that hadde promysedde to lett him into yt And so he iourneyed all the nyghte that aboute the breake of the daye he arryued at the temple of Castor and Pollur whyche is distante from the cytie aboutes three stades wythoute that that annye nomber of the Athenyans whyche were wythin the towne for to kepe it did parceue anny thynge thereof in anny of the Cytezeins Those resaruedde that were of the treatie Somme of whome vnderstandynge hys commynge dydde take and receyue seuene of hys men onely into yt whyche bare no armure but their swerdes and yet feared not to enter wythoute theire compaignyons whyche were in all to the nomber of twenty vnto whome Brasydas hadde geuene thys charge vnder the conducte of Lysistratus the Olynthyen Those same men than beynge mountedde and drawin vp by the walle that goâ—the towarde the sea they clymedde secretelye vâ—pe to the toppe of a hyghe tower whyche was scituatedde vponne a hylle and dyd slaye those that were wythin for to kepe yt And afterwards dyd breake vp a lytle gate that was on the syde of Canestre Thys indurynge Brasidas with all the armye was marchedde a lytle more nyghe vnto the cytie and attendinge and waytynge the issue of the thynge he hadde sente bifore one houndredde fote men well armed for to be ready to enter into yt fourthwyth as they shuld parceyue anny of the gates of the towne opened and the signe that they from with in the towne shulde geue were shewed whyche came ryght secretly almoost vnto the walles In the meane tyme they of the towne that had made the treatie preparedde themselfe wyth the seuene that were entredde for to gett the cytie and that the gate shulde be openedde for them whyche fyrmed and dyd shut in the markett place They than parceyuynge the sayde houndred theire compaignyons to be so nyghe causedde to be shewedde vnto somme of them the passage alonge the walles and receyuedde theym in by the lytle gate whyche was gottone To the intente that they that were in the cytie and knewe nothynge of the enterpryse parceyuynge themselfe assaylled byfore and behynde shulde be soubdaynely the more afrayedde And after they had made the signe or tokene wyth fyer whyche they hadde geuen to Brasidas they receyuedde the other of the said houndred into the cytie by the gate of the markett place whan Brasidas didde see the tokenne he marched wyth the reste of hys people in the greateste haste that he myghte agaynste the cytie makynge a muche greate noyse and crye for the more to feare the Cytezeins And so some entredde at the gates whych they founde openne and the other mountedde vp by the beames that were fastenedde in the walle on one of the sydes where it was brokene And after that they were all entred Brasidas made strayghte fourth to the hygheste of the cytie and froÌ„thence came to disturbe and ouerronne it throughe all the partes and streetes therof to the ende that he myght be wholy seased of yt And in this doynge the Cytezeins whyche hadde not bene consentynge to the takynge of yt went about to saue theymselfe the beste that they myghte But they that were of the intellygence came to ioygne themselfe wyth the Lacedemonyans As touchynge the Athenyans that were in the market place for the saulfgarde of the towne to the nomber of fyftie Soldyars there was one parte of them taken sleping and was slayne at the aryuall The other parceyuinge the bruyte saued themself some by lande and the other in two shyps that kepte watche vpon the ryuer and wente fromthence vnto Lecythum where was one other garnysonne of Athenes And toke at the arryuall the Castell of the cytie Marytimate or next the sea whiche was in the mooste straighte or narroweste place of the distreate withe whome many of the cytezeins of the sayd Torone dydde retyre and withdrawe themself to wytte of those that were moste affectyonedde to the partie of the Athenyans The daye comme and the cytie being wholy in the puissance of Brasidas he causedde it to be cryedde wyth the sownde of a trompette through the towne that all they whyche were retyredde wyth the Athenyans myghte retourne in suertie and shulde recouer their goodes and contynue in the rytes of the cytie like as they hadde done byfore tyme And on the othere syde he commaundedde the Athenyans that were wythin Lecythum that they shulde voyde and departe fromthence for that that it apperteigned to the Chalcydians suffrynge them to departe fromethence wyth theire baguaige But they made aunswere that they wolde not departe and yet neuerthelas they demaundedde of Brasidas one day of trefues for to wythdrawe their deade bodyes who grauntedde vnto theyme
was vsed to them that had had the victorye of a battaille But he arested not longe there but hauing left with theÌ„ a small garnisone he retourned thither from whence he came And sonne after he retourned thider with a greate armye To thintent to assaye if he myght with their ayde gett MeÌ„de and Potydee bifore the Athenians shuld come to their succours as he doubted that they would do But hauyng already made the treatie with certayne of the sayd townes bifore that he executed it there came vnto hym out of a galley Aristonymus from the partie of the Athenians And Atheneus from the partie of the Lacedemonians who notefyed vnto hym the trefues By occasion whereof Brasidas retourned fromethence to Torone At which place the sayd Ambassadours declared vnto hym more amply the tenour of the tratie Whiche was approued and receyued by all the allyes that were in Thrace aswell on the one partie as of the other But Aristonimus though that he approued all the sayd treatie yet he sayd that the Scyonyans were not therein comprised forsomuche as they rebelled after the date of the trefues Whereunto Brasidas did replye and maignteigned that they rebelled bifore And for effect sayd that he would not rendre them so that the matter or thyng remayned as broken And after that Aristonymus hadde reaported that same at Athens al the Athenians were of opinioÌ„ to begyn warre against the sayd Scyonians and dyd prepare themself for to make it Whiche thing being come to the knowlage of the Lacedemonians they sent vnto theÌ„ ambassade shewyng them that they went agaynst the treatie And that wrongfully they would recouer the sayd ctie of Scyone vpon the reasons that Brasidas did shewe and that if they would go thider by force those Lacedemonians and their allyes would defende the sayd Scionians But if they would that the matter were putt and referred to knowliage and into iudgemente they were there with well contented whereunto the Athenians made answere that they would not putt their estate in hazarte of iudgemente but were determyned to go agaynst the sayd Scyonyens as fast as they coulde thinking and holding it for certaine that if they of the Islandes would rebelle the succours of the Peloponesians by lande coulde in nothyng sarue them And for trouthe the Athenians had good quarelle as touchyng that For it was certaynly founde that the rebellion of the Scioniens was two dayes after the conclusion of the treatie This was the decree of the greater parte and opinion of the Athenians made in followyng thaduys of Cleon that men shoulde go to take Scyone and slaye all the Citizens And therevnto they prepared themself But in the meane tyme the cytie of Mende rebelled lykewyse whiche is in the countrey of Pallene inhabited and founded by the Ericrians Whiche Brasidas receyued lykewyse perswadyng hymself to do nothynge agaynste reasone though that it was done duryng the trefues forsomuche as the Athenians dyd lykewyse the contrarye Whiche was the reasone whereby those of Mende hadde takene boldenes for to rebelle knowynge the wylle and deliberacion of Brasidas and also seinge the experyence of the Scionians whome he would not forsake And also considering that though that they that hadde brought to passe the treatie of the rebellion were in small nomber and had greate feare to execute it yet they lefte not to essaye it and fearyng to be discouered had wonne the other that were the greater partie albeit that it was contrarye to theyr expectacion The Athenians beinge aduertised of this rebellion were yet more prouoked and stirred and prepared themself for to go to destroy the sayed two rebelled cyties But in the meane tyme that they made their preparacions and afore that they aryued Brasidas hadde withdrawen the women and childrene out of the same two cyties And hadde caused them to be caryed into the countrey of Chalcyde And also sente vnto the succours of the cytizens fyue houndred Peloponesians and so many Chalcidians all well armed vnder the charge of Polydamydas who attending the comyng of the AtheniaÌ„s prouyded for the fortificacion of the sayed two townes by one comon accorde in the beste manner and facion that they coulde Howe Brasidas and Perdiccas hauing takene certene landes from Archibeus vnderstandyng that the Illyrians came to ouercome them departed secretely And howe Brasidas being forsaken by the sayd Perdiccas and his bende saued hymself from the Illyriens and howe Perdiccas and Brasidas became ennemyes ☞ The .xvii. Chapter THis tyme enduryng Brasidas and Perdiccas went agaynst Archibebeus into Lynceste to wytt Perdiccas with a good bende of MacedoniaÌ„s and of other Grekes inhabityng the sayd countrey and Brasidas with the rest of the PeloponesiaÌ„s that he had with some Chalcydians Achanthians and other of the confederated cyties so that there were footemen in al about three thousande and horsemen aswell Macedonians as Chalcydians aboutes a thousande besydes a great nomber of straungers that did followe them Being than entred into the countrey of Archibeus and vnderstandyng that the Lyncestians were imparked and incamped in the fielde they also did the like and planted their campe directly against the other aither of theÌ„ vpon an hil to wytt the footemen on high and the horsemeÌ„ alowe which horsemen anone came to elkarmusche in the playne that was bitwene the two hilles And it was not longe tyll that Brasidas and Perdiccas caused their footemen to discende frome the hille And firste came to ioigne themself with their horesemen readye to fyght Whiche parceyuynge the Lyncestians they dyd the lykeâ— so that they came to battaille But those Lnycestians were sone repoulsed and put to flyght Wherein there was a greate nomber of them â—layne The other retyred into the mountaigne And that done Brasidas and Perdiccas hauyng there reysed vp their Trophe in signe of victorye they kept the felde two or .iii. dayes attendyng the Illyrians Whome the sayd Perdiccas had soulded and waged for to come to his succours After that terme passed Perdiccas wold that they shoulde haue marched further into the countrey and that they shoulde haue takenne the townes of Archibeus But Brasidas who feared leste the armye of the Athenians shoulde come in the meane season and destroye those of Mende seyng also that the Illynans came not he was of opinion to retourne backe And they being in this difference hadde newes howe that the Illyrians whiche had takene wages of the sayd Perdiccas had deceyued hym and were gone to the saruyce of Archibeus By occasioÌ„ whereof fearyng the comyng of the Illyrians who are warlyke people they were both of opynioÌ„ to retourne backe But they agrede not of the waye that they shulde kepe so that they departed in the euening pryuely without conclusion And Perdiccas retyred fromthence into his campe whiche was a lytle distante from the same of Brasidas And the nyght folowyng the Macedoniens and the estrangers in Perdiccas campe for the feare that they had of
by that same quarter whiche was hooly vnfurnyshedde and by that meane leste that he shoulde be takene bothe bifore and behynde he retyred wyth the moste diligence that he myght into the oldetowne But the people of the shyppes that were landed at the porte hadde alreadye gottone the sayed towne and those that dydde geue the assaulte at the newe wall followed hym fyerslye And entred foote for foote at hys taylle into the olde cytie ouer the rubbysâ—he of the olde walle that was broken downe And so they dydde slaye a greate nomber of Lacedemonyans and of Cytizeins that they encountredde makynge defense and dydde take one parte of theyme prysoners amonge whome was Pasitelidas that was the capytayne Nowe hadde Brasidas been aduertisedde of the commyng of the Athenyans and came to the succours of Torona wyth the moste diligence that he myght Buc beyng in the waye aduertisedde of the takyng of the towne he retourned And faylled to come in tyme vnto the succours but the space of Iourneying of foorty stades or thereaboutes The Athenyens hauynge gottone the towne dydde take the weomen and chyldren into saruyâ—ude and bondage and as touchyng the men aswell Lacedemonyans as those of the towne and other of the countrey of Chalcyde they sente them all to Athens whiche were aboute seuen houndred Whereof the Lacedemonyans were afterwardes rendred by appoynctmente and the other were delyuered vnto the Olynthiens for to change wyth lyke nomber of their people whiche were prysonners In the selfe tyme the Beotians dydde take by trahisoune the walle of Panacte whiche was of the confynes and border of the Athenyans And Cleon hauynge lefte a good garnysonne wythin Torona wente by sea vnto Athon nyghe vnto Amphipolis And Pheax sone of Erasistratus being thosene by the Athenyans capytayne of an other armye by sea with twoo compaignyons wente into Italye and into Sycile wyth two shyppes onelye And the occasyon wherefore they were sente thider was thys After that the Athenyans were departedde oute of Sycile by the appoynctmente that the Syciliens hadde made amonge themselfe lyke as is bifore rehersed the Leontyâ—s hadde withdrawin into their cytie a greate nomber of people by occasion whereof the people perceyuynge themself so encreased determynedde for to parte the landes of the towne by the hedde whereof the rychest and pryncipalle men beinge aduertysedde they chasedde the greatest partie of the common people oute of the cytie Whiche wente fromethence some hider some thider and lefte the cytie as voyde and desolate And sonne after dydde render theymeselfe to the Syracuâ—ains who receyuedde theym into their cytie as citizeins But afterwardes some amoÌ„g them whome it aggreued to be there went into their countrey and soubdainely dydde take one quarter of the cytie of Leonee named Phoces and one other place without the towne in the terrytorry thereof named Bricinias which was verye stronge And thider manye of the exiles dydde comme for to rendre themself and dyd defende themself within the walles the beste that they myght agaynst them of the cytie The Athenyans being thereof aduertised sent the sayd Pheax and dyd geue him charge for to practise their allyes and other of the sayd countrey to dymynishe and abate the puissance of the Syracusains which dayly increased and for to succoure the Leontyns Pheax than beinge aryued in the countrey dydde by hys practique gette the Camerins and the Acragantyns But afterwardes beinge comme to Gela and fyndynge the causes dysposed contrarye to hys opinyon he passed no further knowyng that he shulde do nothing there But in hys retournynge alonge oute of Sycile he comforted them onely with woordes passynge those of Catana those of Brycinnias and afterwardes retourned fromethence into hys countrey But bifore he had aswell at his commynge into Sycile as at his retourne practised certayne cyties of Italye for to make allyance with the Athenyans And moreouer passynge alonge out of Sycile at his retourne he encouÌ„tred certene citizens of Locres who retourned by sea frome Messana fromewhence they were dryuene by the Messanyans after that they hadde contynued a certene tyme maisters of the cytie by meanes of a sedicion and mutynerye that chansed in the cytie soone after the appoynctment of the Sycilians by occasioÌ„ whereof one of the parties parceyuing it self to be the more feoble called the Locryans vnto his ayde Who sente thider a good nomber of their citizeins which were by this meane maisters of the cytie for a certene time throughe the ayde of the parte that hadde calledde theyme thider but speciallye they were dryuene frome thence and retourned home whan Pheax dydde encounter theyme as is aboue sayed Who dydde them no displeasure forsomuche as in passynge hys iourney he hadde appoyncted and made allyâ—nce with them of the citie of Locres in the name of the AtheniaÌ„s Although that at the appoincmente whiche hadde bene bifore tyme made amonge the Sycilians they alone hadde refused the allyance of the sayd Athenyans nother yet at this present had made yt hadde it not bene that they hadde than warre agaynste them oâ— Itone and Mele whiche were their neyghbours and burgeoses And sone after Pâ—â—ax arryuedde at Athens How Brasidas had a victory against Cleon and the Athenyans nigh vnto Amphipolis wherein both the capytaynes were slayne ☞ The .ii. Chapter CLeon at hys departynge frome Torona toke his iourney towardes Amphipolis and passynge his iourney at his commynge fourthe of Eione he taketh by assault Stagirus in the countrey of Andria And he thought to haue takene Galepsus in the countrey of Thasians but he failled therof And so retourned to Eione Beinge at whiche place he commaunded Perdiccas that insuyng the allyance whiche he had lately made wyth the Athenians he shulde come vnto hym with his puissance And the lyke he also commanded in Thrace vnto Polles kynge of Odomantins who than hadde a greate bende of Thracians to his souldeours whose commyng Cleon attended at the sayd place of Eione Whiche thyng beyng come to the knowlaige of Brasidas he with hys armye dydde come for to lodge nygh vnto CerdyliuÌ„ Whiche is an hyghe and stronge place in the countrey of Argilians on the other syde of the Ryuer verye nyghe Amphipolis Oute frome whiche place all thynges that hys ennemyes dydde myght easelye bene sene lyke as they also myght see hym Cleon euene as Brasidas thoughte marched wyth hys armye agaynste Amphipolis not passynge annye thynge of Brasidas who hadde but a thousande fyue houndredde Thracyans huyred souldyars togiders wyth the Edoniens all well armedde and a certene nomber of horsemenne aswell Myrcyniens as Chalcydians besydes the thousande that he hadde sente into Amphipolis and they myght be in all two thousande footemen and three houndredde horsemen of the whiche he dydde take a thousande fyue houndred and mounted to CerdyliuÌ„ and he sent the other into Amphipolis to the succours of Clearydas As
touchynge Cleon he kepte hymselfe stylle withoute enterprisyng any thynge vntyll that he was constrayned by the meane of that whiche Brasidas thought would happene that is that hys people shulde be displeased to tary there wythout faightynge and reputed Cleon to be slacke and of small knowlaige of warre in comparisonne of Brasidas whome they estemed to be an hardye man and a good Capatayne And somuche the more for that that they were vnwyllynglye comme wyth hym and agaynste their wylles Whereupon Cleon vnderstandynge their murmuratioÌ„ and to thintent that they shuld be no further displeased to be there he ledde them frome the same place wherein they were all in battaylle raye in the self order that he vsed at Pylus trusting that he should spede wel For he also thoughte that the ennemyes durste not comme for to fyght agaynste hym But he sayedde that he descendedde with hys campe onely for to see the place and yet neuerthelas he attendedde a greate strengthe not somuche for hope of vaynquishynge in case he were constraynedde to fyghte as for to enuyrone the cytie and to assaille yt Beynge than come wyth his armye whiche was fayer and puissant verye nyghe to Amphipolis he lodgedde hymselfe vpon the toppe of an hylle fromewhence he myght see the countrey rounde aboute And so marked veray diligently the Scyte of the cytie chiefly frome the coste of Thracie howe the ryueâ— of Scrym onie kepte his course there whiche he founde for hys aduanntage for that that he thought that he myght retourne fromthence whan he would without faightyng And on the other syde he dyd see no man within the cytie nother those that entred nother that yssued or came fourthe of the gates Whiche were all lockedde and shutte in Wherefore he repentedde hymselfe veray soare and thoughte that he hadde commytted a greate faulte for that that he hadde not brought his Engines of artillery for to battre the towne For he coniectured that yf he hadde hadde theym there he myght easely haue takene it Whan Brasidas vnderstoode that the Athenyans were dislodgedde he lykewyse dislodgedde frome Cerdylium and entred with all hys bende into Amphipolis Without makynge any semblante for to be wyllynge ayther to yssue fourthe or for to fyghte agaynste the Athenyans for that that he reputedde hymselfe not puissante for to do it Not onelye somuche for the nomber of people whereof he hadde welle nygh as many as they but also for the preparacion and for the sorte of the people For in the armye of the Athenyans there was al the force of the Lemnyans and of the Imbryans Wherefore he determyned for to putte in vre a cautell for to assaille theym For to make a moustre of hys people althoughe that they were in suâ—ficiente nomber and welle armed vnto the ennemyes â—he â—houghte that â—t shulde proffiâ—t him nothyng but rather shulde geue courage to the ennemyes for to despise and contempâ—e them So he appoynted for the garde and defence of the cyâ—ie vnto Clearidas one houndred and syâ—â—â—e men and with the remanante he deliberated for to assaille the Athenians afore that they shulde departe fromthence thinking that they shulde be more easye to be ouercome being separated from their succours than if he taryed till their sayd succours did come vnto theym But afore the executyng of his enterpryse he mynded for to declare it well vnto his souldiars and also for to exhorte them manfully to doo and followe it And therfore caused them all to assemble togiders And afterwardes did speake vnto them in this manner The narration of Brasidas vnto his souldiars LOrdes Peloponesians forsomuche as ye be come out of a lande and countrey whiche for the hardynes generosite and noblenes of the inhabitantesâ— hath alwayes lyued in lybertie and that ye which be Doryans haue to fyght againste the Ionyans whome ye haue alwayes founde more feoble than your self It is not nedefull that I vse many wordes but onely to shewe you the facion and manner that I haue determyned to kepe for to yssue fourth agaynste my sayd ennemyes To thintente that considerynge that I am wyllyng to approue and essay fortune with a small nomber of people without takyng all our puyssance ye shall not thereof be astonyed fearynge to be the weaker For I coniecture that oure ennemye who despyseth vs thynkynge that we dare not enterpryse to come to fyght agaynst hym ys amounted in that high place onely for to see the countrey and kepeth hymself withoute any order as is all thynges assured And it happeneth oftentymes that he which diligently marketh therrour and faulte of his ennemye and determyneth manfully for to assaille hym not in ranked battaille nother in an appoyncted iourney but so as he parceyueth his aduantage cometh to the effecte of his enterprise bothe to his honour and proffitt For also those secrett and soubdayne eskermouches that be made in warre whereby specially a man deceiueth his ennemyes and doeth seruice and succour to hys frendes do geue and attribute greate glory vnto the enterprisers Wherefore in the meane tyme that they be thus in disorder and that they be in doubte of nothyng and bifore that they dissodge themself fromthence whiche thing I thinke that they be willing to doâ— rather than to tarye I am determyned to geue the charge vpon theyme with this nomber of people that I haue whylest they be in thys waueryng And in doubt what they may do bifore that they be resolued amonge themself and for to enter if I may into the myddel of their army And thou Clearidas whan thou shalt see that I shal be amoÌ„g them and that thou parceyuest that they be astonyed and afrayed opnene thou the gates of the towne and yssue fourth soubdainely on the other syde wyth the nomber of people that thou shalt than haue aswell of the towne as estrangers and come with the moste diligence that thou mayste to the reskue for to rushe and passe throughe them For I do thynke that in this doynge they shall be putt in greate feare Forsomuche as they which come sodainely afreshe vnto a conflict cause alwayes more drede and feare than they which be in battaile afore Wherfore for thy parteâ— shewe that thou arte a man of sparte And youe oure allyes followe hym manfullye and thynke that the noble fayghtynge consystethe in hauynge good couraige to feare to receyue shame and in obeyinge to youre Capytaynes And that if this presente daye ye shewe youre selfe as valiante men ye shalle acquyre and gette lybertie and shalle be frome hencefourthewarde called compaignyons and allyes of the Lacedemonians And that doinge otherwyse thoughe youe maye eskape to be all slayne and youre towne destroyed or at the beste that maye happene ye shall be in moore greuous seruytude than hitherto ye haue bene And also shal be cause for to lette that the other Grekes shall not recouer their lybertie Understandinge than of what ymportance thys battaylle ys be myndefull to shewe yourself people of
reconned from the first day that the sayd succours shal be arryued in that same citie that demaunded it But if the cytie haue thereof nede for a longer tyme it shal be bouÌ„de to geue soulde to the sayd souldyars to wytt three half pence of monney for the day to euery foote man and to the horsemen a grote And by that meane the same cytie shall haue the auctorite oner the sayd men of warre they shal be bounde for to obey it so long as they shal be therein But if any army were made fourth in name of all the sayd fower cyties the Impery therof should be comon to all fower The whiche treatie of allyance the Athenians shal be bounden presently for to swere in the name of them and of their confederates and allyes And afterwardes the lyke othe shal be made in euery of the sayd three cyties of their allyes in the moste straict fourme that they may haue in euery of them after his custome vpon the aulters of their temples after that the sacrefice shal be made apperteigning to the same in suche substance as followeth I sweare for to holde and kepe the allyance accordyng to the fourme and tenoure of the treatie whiche hath bene accorded iustely loyally and symplie and wolle not do to the contrarye vnder any colour art nor ymaginacion that may be And the sayd o the shal be made in the cytie of Athens by the people of the senate and Trybuus And afterwardes shal be coÌ„firmed by the treasorers In the cytie of Argos by the senate and by the foure skoore of the greate counsaille Of Mantynea by the artificers by the senate and by other officers and shal be confirmed by the diuynours by the capytaynres of the warre At Elea or Elides by the artificers by the threasorers sixe houndred of the greate counsaille and shal be confirmed by the conseruators or kepers of lawes The whiche othe shal be yearely renewed to wytt first by the Athenyans who shall go for that intente and purpose to the other three cyties thirty dayes bifore the Olympyades And afterwardes the other cyties shall go to Athens for to do lykewyse teÌ„ne dayes bifore the great feast that is named Panathenea And the present treatie with the othe shal be wryttone in stone and sett in a publique place at Athens in the moste euidente and open place of the cytie At Argos in the markett place by the teÌ„ple of Apollo At Mantinea and at Elides in the markett place night by the temple of Iupiter And moreouer at the next Olympyan feast it shal be sett vp in the name of al the sayd foure cyties in a table of copper And the same cyties maye by comon accorde adde to this sayd treatie hereafter that whiche they shalle thynke good In this manner the allyance confederation was concluded bitwene the sayd fower cyties notwithstanding that there was nothinge sayd nor any mention made that for the same any man shoulde departe frome the treatie of peace and allyance made bitwene the sayd Athenyans and Lacedemodyaâ—s Howe after many enterprises and exploictes of warre that were made bitwene the allyes of the Lacedemonians on th one parte and those of the Athenians of the other the sayed Athenyans at request of the Argiues declared those same Lacedemonyans to haue done against the treatie of peace and of allyance and to be pariured ☞ The .vii. Chapter THis allyance confederacion was not agreable to the Corynthyans And beinge by â—he Argiues their allyes required to ratefie and swere vnto it they refused that to do Saying that the same was suffycient which they had made with the sayd Argiues Mantynians Elyans By the which they had promised not to make peaceâ— nor warre the one citie without the other and for to ayde by defending the one the other without passing further and to geue theÌ„ ayde in assaillinge And by this meane the Corynthians departed from that same allyance did take newe intelligence with the Lacedemonyans Al which thinges were done in that somer in the which Androsthenes the Arcadian did wyn the beste prize with wresteling at the feast Olympian At the same feast the Elyans defended and enterdited vnto the Lacedemonyans that they shulde not sacrefice in the temple nor also enter into tourneying nor wrastlynge excepte they payde the penaltie amendes wherein they were by the sayd Elyans condempned accordynge to the lawes and statutes of Olympiades by this reasone that they sayd that the sayd Lacedemonyans had putt bestowed harnnes within the wall of Phircus and had sett their men of warre within Lepreum during the treatie made at Olympus agaynst the tenoure thereof The whiche mulcte and amendes did amount vnto two thousande poundes of Siluer to wytt for euery one of the sayd men of armes who were a thousande two poundes lyke as the treatie dydde beare it Wherunto the Lacedemonyans answered that they were vniustly condempned forsomuche as whan they hadde sente their men of warre vnto Lepreum the treatie was not publyshedde But the Elyans replyed that they coulde not be ignorante thereof for the same treatie had already bene in their handes and they themselfes were the firste that had denounced and signefyed it vnto the sayd Elyans and yet neuerthelas in goyng agaynste yt were comme to make the sayed exploicte of warre agaynste theym wrongfully and agaynste reasone wythoute that that the same Elyens hadde innouatedde any thinge agaynste theym Whereupon it was by the Lacedemonyens argued That if it were so that the sayed Elyans vnderstoode whan they came to denounce the sayed allyance to the Lacedemonyans that they hadde alreadye done agaynste the same it had not bene nedefull further to haue shewed yt vnto theyme as they hadde done after the tyme that they pretended the sayd exploictes of warre to haue bene done by the same Lacedemonyans And that it shulde not be founde that after the same denouncyng they had innouated or attempted any thynge But the Elyans persisted neuerthelas in their opynion the sayd allegacion notwythstandyng And yet for all that offred theym that if they woulde render Lepreum vnto theyme they woulde be contente to remytte one parte of the amendes to wytt that same that ought to be applyed to theym and also of the other whiche ought to be applyed to the God Apollo to paye it for them The whiche offer the sayed Lacedemonyans woulde not accepte Whiche parceyued the Elyans made theÌ„ yett an other offer To wytt that insomuche as they would not restore Lepreum to thintent yet that they should not remayne excluded frome the same feaste of the temple that they shoulde swere vpon the great aulter of Iupiter bifore al the Grekes for to paye the sayd amendes if they than coulde not pay it But the Lacedemonians accepted this partie as skleÌ„derly as the furst By reason wherof they were excluded prohibited from sacrifice to be present at the playes for that feast
shal be conuictedde and attaynctedde thereupon for it is right difficile for to fynde out suche thynges but also those that at other tymes haue enterprysedde the lyke althoughe that they haue not hadde power to execute theyme For he that wolle prepare to defende hymself agaynste hys ennemye oughte not onely to haue regarde to that whyche hys ennemye doeth but rather to that whiche maye be presumedde that he entendeth to doo in tyme comynge And yf he doo not so he maye furste receyue damage thereby And it seemeth vnto me that thies people that goo aboute to putt the generall estate and gouernemente of thys cytie into the hande of a smalle nomber of men maye not welle be knowyn frome their euylle wylle but by dooynge of three thynges to wytte by rebukynge and discouerynge in some parte their dedes partlye in kepynge theym frome executynge of theym and partly by causynge their enterpryses and wyttes to be vnderstande by coniectures and by reasones And truely I haue oftentymes musedde wyth myselfe what thynge it is whyche youe the other yonge men do intende to witt whider that you nowe presently coueite to haue charges and Empires For the same is not reasonable by oure lawes the whiche haue bene made for to empesche and lette that youe maye not haue theyme not for to doo youe wronge or shame but onely for the ymbecillitie and weaknes of youre age for ye maye obteigne theyme whan youe shal be of due age Canne ye not endure to be in the selfe degree that the other cytizeins be in And howe canne thys be reasonable that people of one selfe cytye and of one selfe estate shoulde not enioy lyke honnour 's and prehemyneÌ„ces There ys peraduenture some one that wylle saye that the common estate canne nother welle nor egallye be counsailledde and that those whyche be rychest and moste puissante be alwayes most sufficiente for to gouerne the estate To whome I furste answere that the comon gouernement ys the gouernemente of all the cytie where the gouernemente of a small nomber ys but onely of one parte therof Afterwardes I saye that for to defende generally the ryche meÌ„ be most mete but to geue counsaile those which haue best wyttes and that vnderstande most be the best and the comynaltie well asseÌ„bled after that yt hath herde all the opynyons doth therupon iudge muche better And all thinges that be deparred beit particulerly or vniuersallyâ— be egallye departed in the comon estate where as whan the smal nomber gouerneth it departeth the dangers and the charges vnto manye but of the proffyttes it geueth but a small parte vnto other but taketh them holy to it selfe And that is it whiche those that be this day the most ryche and most puissant in the cytie speciallye the yonge people do coueyâ—t whiche is a thing impossible in so great a citie And they who do desyre it be aither out of their wyttes if they vnderstande not that they desyre the destruction of the cytie aithâ—r elles be of the most ignorante of all other Grekes that I haue knowin And if they do vnderstaÌ„de it they be tomuche vnreasonable for to desyre it Therefore vnderstandynge yt aither by my speache or of yourselues vouchsaulf to studye all for that whiche apperteigneth to the comon welth of the cytie And to consyder that they among you which be best and the most riche haue more parte in the comon welth than the remnante of the comynaltie And that yf youe goo aboute to accepte the contrary ye putt yourselfe in danger to be thereof vtterly depryuedde wherefore ye ought to reiecte and caste oute thies bryngers of false newes as people alreadye knowin for suche and not to suffre them to prouffitt to any meanes by their inuentions For though the Athenyans shulde comme yett ys this cytie puissante ynoughe for to repoulse theym And there be officers sufficiente for to prouyde therefore And yf the thynge be not trewe as I do thynke youre cytie for feare of suche conterfeated newes wille not purt it self in subiecâ—ion of people that for the occasion herof go about to be your Dukes superyours but rather vnderstandyng the trouth therby shall iudge their wordes and enterpryses equipollente or lyke in effecte to the dede In suche manner that it shall not lose his lybertie for the bruyt which nowe ronneth but rather shall enforce it self to kepe it for the good order that it shall geue in thynges to come Thus did Athenagoras speake And after hym other would haue spoken But one of the pryncipall officers and rulers of the cytie woulde not suffer any parsone to speake but he in briefe woordes concluded the matter saying in this manner The conclusion of one of the officers of Sarragosse IT is nother wytt nor wysedome to vse suche pryckyng and oultragious talke the one agaynste the other nother for them that speake it not for those whiche geue eares to heare it but rather we shoulde haue more regarde to thies newes that be comon to th ende for to geue order aswelle generally as particulerly for to resist those whiche come agaynste vs. And though happely it were not trewe yet coulde it in nothing noy nor hurt the cytye to prepare it self with horses with harnnes and with all other thinges that be requysitt for the warre And for the rest we other officers wolle vse diligence to prouyde and also vnderstande the enterpryses of the ennemyes And further we wolle sende to the other cyties of Sycille and deuise in all other thynges as we shall thynke expediente for this case And we haue alreadye prouyded therefore and wolle aduertise you of that whiche shall herafter come to our knolaige Upon this conclusion the counsaille departed Howe the armye departed from Corcyre and howe yt was euylle receyued aswelle in Italye as in Sycille ☞ The .ix. Chapter IN the meane tyme that thies thynges were debated at Sarragosse the Athenyans and their allyes were all assembled at Corcyre And bifore their departure fromethence the Dukes and capytaynes hauyng made their moustre dyd determyne in what order they would passe the sea after that they were landed howe they would departe their hoast And so they departed all the sayd army into three partes of the whiche three the Dukes shulde haue the conduct so as shulde happene to euery of them by lotte And that they did fearynge that if they shoulde go all togiders they shoulde not fynde a porte sufficiente for to receyue theym yea though nother water nor other victuales shulde not fayle theÌ„ And besides this the same bendes beyng so departed shulde both make the greater shewe also shulde be more easye to conducte gouerne hauing euery one his capitayne a parte Afterwardes they sente there shyppes to wytt of euery bende one bifore into Sycille into Italy for to lerne what cyties would receiue them as frendes comanded them that they shulde come agyne to mete them by the waye to make them answere what
they wente enuyroning the Isle and in their passage dydde geue order to their allyes that they shulde sende them the nomber of men whyche they had promysedde And so they came wyth the moytie of the armye before the towne of Hibla in the terrytory of Gela the whyche toke the partie againste them thinkyng to take it but they coulde not and in this meane tyme the ende of Somer dyd come At begynnynge of the wynter the Athenyans prepared themself for to come to assiege Sarragosse and on the other syde the Syracusains prepared theymselfe for to come to mete them For insomuche as the Athenyans did not at beginning come to assaylle them they toke dayly more and more courage And somuche the lesse they fearedde and estemed them that they had enuironned and compassed about the other countrey by sea very farre frome theire cytie and also coulde not take Hybla whereupon the sayd Syracusains were so puffed vp that they requyred of their Dukes that they shulde conducte them vnto Catana where the enemys were insomuch as they durste not come thider vnto them And the lyght horsemen Syracusains whych ronned daylly vnto the campe of the said Athenyans among other reproches whiche they vsed demanded of theym if they were not more comme to inhabitt rather an other mans lande than for to restore the Leontins into theirs The Athenyans knowinge suche thyngs essaiedde to wythdrawe those Syracusains so farre as they coulde from their cytie to the intente that the more wyth their ease they myght in one nyght wyth their shipps saille to lande before the towne and lodge theire campe in place where they shulde thinke most mete For they knewe well that if at landing out of their ships they founde the ennemyes in order and prepared for to defende theire landinge orels if that they woulde take their waye fromthence by lande vnto the sayde cytie they shuld haue much more difficultie For their horsmen might do greate dammaige vnto their fotemen beynge lyght armed and also to the reste of their fote men considered that they had yet small nomber of horsmen there And doing as they had enterprysed they might wtout any great empeschement take the place whych they desired before that the horsmen Syracusains shulde haue bene retourned which place had bene taught and shewed vnto them by the bannished men of the same cytie who followedde them to witt nyghe vnto the temple of Olympus And for to execute their enterpryse they vsedde one suche a cautelle That is that they sente one whome they right wel trusted vnto the Dukes of Syracusains knowinge also that they wolde geue fayth vnto that whyche he shulde shewe them fayninge to be sente from certen of the princypalle of the cytie of Catana wherof he was whom the said dukes did well knowe saying that they yet helde their partie and that if they wolde they wold cause them to haue the victorie against the Athenyans by such meane for one partie of the armye of the said Athenyans kept thēself wtin the towne without armure So that if the said Syracusains issued fourth at one daye named oute of Sarragosse and arryued at the breake of the day with all their puissance those same Catanyens whome he named vnto them wyth their complices shuld easely enclose the Athenyās that were wtin the towne and also wold put fyer into their ships which were in their port By which doing if the said Syracusains wolde rush out and charge vpon them that were in the feld which was without the towne enclosed wyth Pales they might take it without any great difficultie and destroy all that they shulde fynde wtin it saying moreouer that there were many cytezeins of Catane of thys intellygence and conspyratie all ready and determined for to execute it who had sente hym thyder The dukes Syracusains which were bolde and besides that had already desire to go vnto the enemyes in their campe did lightly bileue the espie And hauing taken a day wyth him whan they wold be at Catana they sent him agayn vnto them frō whom he sayd that he was come And at the said daye failled not to issue fourth all the people of the cytie wyth the succours of the Selynūtyns and some other their allyes that were already come and for haste they went fourth wtout order altogiders for to lodge nygh to Catana vpon the riuer of Symethe in the lande of Leontyns Than the Athenyās vnderstanding their comyng did charge all their people that they had aswell Athenyans as Sycilians and othere in their shippes and saylledde by nyght towardes Sarragosse where they arryued at breake of daye wythin the greate porte bifore the temple of Olympus for to lande there In thys meane tyme the horsemen Syracusains whyche were goone to Catana vnderstandynge that all the Athenyans ships were departed out of the porte of Catana aduertysed the fotemen thereof and all togyders dyd take their way for to retourne to the succours of their cytie But for that that the waye was longe byfore that they coulde aryue the Athenyans had already landed and taken their lodging in the place whyche they had chosen out of the whych they myght defende themself to their aduantaige with out beinge in dangier before that they had made their rampares nother yet by makynge of them insomuche as they were shadowed couered or defended wyth walles and buildinges in that same quarter And moreouere there was manye trees a standing water and hollowe or broken places So that none could come vpon them out of the same quarter specyally horsmen And on the other parte they had already hewed downe a great quantytie of the sayd trees whyche they had caryed to the sea syde and there planted and locked togiders in manner of ouerthwarte crosses for to defende and let that no man shulde issue fourthe into theirs ships Moreouer in that same quarter where their campe was most lowe and where the cōming therinto was most easy they had rampared it with great stoanes and wyth woode in haste so that yt was very harde to enter there and afterwardes they dyd breake the bridge whyche they had made for to goo vnto their ships All whyche woorke they dyd at their ease without thys that annye man yssued oute of the citie for to empesche them for they were all gone fourth were not yet retourned from Catana of whom the horsmen were the firste that came agayne and sone after all the people that were issued fourthe and came directely agaynste the Athenyans to presente theym bataylle But seing that they yssued not fourth they wythdrewe and wente to lodge themselfe on the othere syde of the way whyche leadeth to Heloryne The morowe after the Athenyans yssued fourth for to fyght and they ordeyned their battaille in this sorte For at the ryght poyncte they sett the Argiues and the Mantynyans at the lefte the other their allyes and in the myddell the Athenyans And also the one moytie of the army
haue furnished horses and thirtye Arbalestriers on horsebacke togiders with three houÌ„dred talentes of monney which was sent vnto them froÌ„ Athens That same yeare the Lacedemonyans hauing made an army against the Argiues as they were in the felde for to go against Cleonarus there came soubdainly an earthquake whiche caused theym to retourne fromethence Which perceiued by the Argiues after that the other were retourned they yssued fourth into the territory of Thyree which is in their fronture pillaginge yt the butye was so great that yt was solde for .xxv. talentes more In that same seasoÌ„ the comons of Thespie did arise against the officers But the AthenyaÌ„s sent incoÌ„tinently of their people thider who did take one parte of the Mutyns or sedicious parsons on other parte fledde fromthence vnto Athens During that same somer the Syracusains beynge aduertised that the succours of horsemen were come to the Athenyans thinking that hauing the same they would incoÌ„tineÌ„tly come to assiege them aduysed remembred that there was a verye lytle fro the towne a place named Epipole which was haÌ„ging froÌ„ al sydes against the towne But aboue it was playne and spacious and there was but certene entrynges by whiche men myght mount vp whereupon considerynge that it was impossible for to close yt wyth walle rounde aboutes and also that if the ennemyes did gett yt they myght fromthence do many enylles into the towne they determyned to fournishe the entringes for to defende that the sayd ennemyes shulde not take them And so the morowe folowyng they moustred all the people bifore all the compaignions Collegues of Hermocrates in a meadowe that is nigh the ryuer which is called Anapesâ— Out of which people they did first chose sixe houÌ„dred men for to kepe and defede the sayd place of Epipole Of whome they gaue charge to Dyonulus bannisshed out of Andrie and sayd vnto hym that if annye thing chaunced in that affaire he shulde be incontinently succoured That same night the Athenyans hauyng made a reuiewe of their men aboute brâ—ake of the daye departed frome Catane and came to lande in a place named Leon whiche was no further disâ—ante from Epipole than sixe or seuen stades and ther lodged their footemen on lande bifore that the Syracusains perceiued it And on thoder syde the armye by sea came to ancre and bestowe themeselefe vnder a rocky place of the sea that is in a small straight whiche doth enter into the sea and is enuyroned on all sydes resaruedde one smalle quarter towardes the lande and that same place is calledde Thapsus is very nigh to Sarragosse And so they enclosed incontinently the entring that leadeth to lande wyth paales or boordes for to be in suertie on the lande syde That done thoseâ— that were landed dyd come in a great course vnto Epipole and gott yt bifore that the Syxe houndredde men whyche were appoynctedde for to goo thider were there for yett they were all on foote where the moustre was made And yet neuerthelas one greate partie of the people dydde ronne for to succoure the sayedde place but pryncipally the Syxe houndred whereof Dionulus hadde charge and he wyth theyme Nowe there was frome that same foote vntyll the place where the ennemyes alreadye were aboutes .xxv. stades so they were receyuedde by the ennemyes and repoulsedde in suche manner that they were constraynedde for to retyre into the cytye and there were slayne of theyme aboute three houndred amongeste the whyche was Dyonulus whose Corpses the Syracusayns demaunded by that meane confessedde the victorye vnto the ennemyes Who hauynge reysed vp there their Trophee the morowe after came to present and offer battaile bifore the towne But seynge that none yssuedde fourthe they reysedde and erected a castell in the toppe of Epipole in a a place called Lapdalum whyche is on the coaste of Megare for to wythdrawe thyder all their vesselles monney and baguage whan they yssued aither against the towne or to make any worke And sone after three houndred horsemen came vnto theym frome Egeste and aboute one houndred frome the Naxians and other Sycillians and they had alreadye of their oune twoo houndred and fyftie whiche had recoueredde horses aswell of the Egestain guifte as in other places for monney and so they had in all sixe houndred and fyftie horses Hauyng than put garnysone wythin Lapdalum they went fromthence agaynste Syca the whyche wythin verye smalle tyme they enclosed wyth wallesâ— whereof and of their greate diligence the Syracusayns were all astonyedde Neuerthelas for to shewe that they were not afrayde they yssued out of the cytye into the felde for to presente battaylle to the ennemyes But their Capytaynes parceiuing that they were in disorder and that it was harde for to bring theyme agayne into order caused theyme to retyre into the towne excepte one parte of their horsemen that remayned wythoute for to empesche and lette the Athenyans to gather stones and othere stuffe for to make the walle and also that they shoulde not ouercome the countrey But the horsemen Athenyans toâ—ider with a bende of foote men assailled theym and dyd put them to flyght and slewe a certaine nomber of them wherupon for cause of the sayd victory they sett vp yet an other Trophee The daye followynge the Athenyans beinge in their campe some of theym wete busyed in makyng the walle on the South syde and some other gathered togiders stoanes other stuffe nighe the place called Trogylum and wente laying and dischargyng yt alwayes in that quarter where the walle was lowest from the greatest porte vnto the othere sea Which parceyued by the Syracusains they determyned for to yssue no more altogiders agaynste their ennemyes mynding not to hazarde tomuche But they purposed to make and reyse vp an rampare wythoute the walle of the towne in the quarter where the Athenyans reysed vp their walle For it semed vnto them that if they myght haue sonner parfaicted and ended their sayd rampare for to repoulse their ennemyes than they their wall hauing therin put their good warde and watche they might sende parte of their men for to wyn get the entringes and afterwardes to fournishe them whiche doing they thought that it might be that the AtheniaÌ„s shulde ceasle their worke for to come altogiders against them So they did yssue fourth of the citie began to labour at their raÌ„pare beginning froÌ„ the wall of the towne continuing al alongest that same of thennemyes For making of whiche worke they cutt downe greate quantitie of Olyue trees within the courte of the temple whereof also they made towers vpon the said rampare For they yet did kepe the quarter towardes the sea for that that the Athenyans had not yett caused their shyppes to come oute of Thapsus into the great poorte out of the whiche place of Thapsus they causedde to be brought by lande vyttuailles and
their shippes they did breake their order for to gett into the sayd shyps Some were also yett founde in the sayd cytie whiche remayned for to pillaige yt who lykewyse were all slayne so that of .xiii. houndredde Thracyans that were there was saued but twoo houndred and fyftie And of the Thebains and other whiche were comme wyth theyme there were deade aboutes twenty all horsemen Amongest whome was one of the officiers of the Beotians namedde Straphondas and all those that were founde within Micalessus receyued this crueltie and calamytie which was greater than chanced to annye towne or cytie duryng that same warre by al that time that yt endured ¶ Of that whiche Demosthenes and Eurimedon Dukes of the Athenyans did in their voiage sayllynge to the succours of the campe that was at Sarragosse And of the succours that arryued for those of the towne And also of a battaylle by sea whiche the Athenyans had agaynste the Peloponesyans nigh vnto Naupactum ☞ The .vi. Chapter ANd for to retourne to that whiche was done in Grece after that Demosthenes had enclosed with wall that place wherof we haue spokeÌ„ in the countrey of Laconie he departed fromethence for to passe into Corcyre and in saillinge he founde in the poarte of Phia whiche is in the countrey of Elyens one barque charged wyth men of warre beynge Corynthians whiche woulde haue gone into Sycille whiche he sonke but the people saued themself and afterwardes recouered an other wherein they passedde into Sycille Fromethence Demosthenes passed into zalinthus and through Cephalenie where he dydde take men of warre whiche he embarqued Afterwardes he came fromethence to Naupacte whider he caused the Messenyans to come and fromethence he trauersed and passed into the lande of Acarnanie which is on the other syde in the mayne lande and there came vnto the townes of Alizea and of Anactoryum whiche the Athenyans dyd holde And he beynge there it chanced that Eurymedon came agayne by the same sea of Sycille whider he was sente that same wynter for to carye monney vnto the armye who came to fynde the sayd Demosthenes and sayd vnto hym amongest other thynges that he hadde learned that the Syracusayns had recouered Plemyrium Sone after Conon that was capytayne of Naupacte came vnto them who shewed them that there were .xxv. galleis of the Corinthians foranempst Naupacte which kept themself there and ceassed not to come to prouoke hym and demaunded nothynge but to sight And therfore desyred them that they would delyuer hym suffyciente nomber of their shyps For he had but .xviii. galleys with the whiche it was not mete for to fyght with .xxv. Wherunto Demosthenes and Eurymedon dyd agree and delyuered hym tenne of their lightest galleis with the which he retourned fromthence and they wente to their enterpryse for to leuie and gather people to wytt Eurymedon who had bene already appoyncted for collegue and compaignyon to Demosthenes into Corcyre where he causedde .xv. of his galleys to be fynysshed wyth the people of the countrey and Demosthenes through the countrey of Aâ—arnanie fromwhence he ledde asmanye archers as he coulde into Sycille After that the ambassadours of the Syracusains whâ—che had bene sent vnto the cyties of Sycille for to haue succours had done their ambassade and hadde perswaded vnto many of them the thing which they demanded leâ—ied the people of the sayd citties for to carye them to Sarragosse Nycias who was aduertised therof sente vnto the cyties whiche toâ—e his parte by whiche the sayed men of warre should of necessitie passe and specially to the Centoripins to the Alcyes that they shulde not suffer theym to passe but rather empesche theymâ— wyth all their power for they coulde not welle eskape annye other waye for that that the Agragantyns denyed theym passaige Unto whyche request the sayd townes obeyde and bestowed men in embushmentes at the passaiges in thre places who secretly betrapped the sayed men of warre in suche sorte that they dydde slay aboutes eyght houndred of theyme togiders wyth all their ambassadours resarâ—ed one whiche was a Corynthyan who brought theyme that were sauedde to Sarragosse whiche were aboute a thousande fyue houndredde And at the selfe tyme arryued other succours for the Syracusayns to wytte of Camerins who sente fyâ—e houndred men well armed and sixe houndred Archers and the Gelyans fyue shyppes whereiâ— weâ—e foore houndred Arbalestriers and twoo houndredde horse And for effecte the Agregantins that toke parte with the Athenyans excepted the moste parte of all the countrey of Sycille althoughe that ytt was not knowyn nor declared vntylle that presente tyme sente succours to the sayed Spracusayns who neuerthelas for the loste whiche they hadde made of the sayd eight houndred men at the passages of Sycille durst not so sone inuade the Athenyans Durynge this tyme Demosthenes and Eurymedon hauing assembledde a greate nomber of people aswelle of Corcire as of the mayne lande they passed the sea Ionium and came to aboorde at the promontorye of Lapigia oute of whiche place and of the Islandes Choreades there adioigninge they leuyed one houndredde and fyftye Arbalestciers of the nation of Messapiens by consent of Artas Lorde of the place wyth whome they renewed the amytie whiche hadde bene auncyently bitwene the Athenyans and hym Beyng come fromthence to aboorde at Metapontum whyche ys in Italy they perswadedde the people of the towne to delyuer theyme three houndredde archers and two shyps by vertue of their ancyent allyance Fromethence they came to aboorde at Thuria where they lerâ—edde that those whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans were newely dryuene awaye so they arrested there certayne dayes wyth all the armye for to vnderstande if there remaynedde anny parsone of the parttakers with the Athenyans wythin the sayed Cytie and also for to make straicter allyance wyth theyme to wytt to be frendes of frendes and ennemyes of ennemyes Aboutes thys tyme the Peloponesyans that ancredde wyth the .xxv. galleys foranempste Naupacte for suertie of the barques that shulde passe thereby transportyng the succours that the sayd Peloponesyans sent to Sarragosse apparrilled theymeself for to fight agaynste the galleys of the Athenyans whiche were in the poarte of Naupacte and hadde also furnysshed other shyppes in suche sorte that they hadde almoste as greate a nomber as the Athenyans and came to ancre in an hauone of Achaia calledde Rhypica nyghe to Erimeum whyche is in forme of the mone encrea ynge and they hadde bestowed in the rockes whiche were at the sydes of the sayedde hauone their footemen aswelle of the Corynthyans as of the people of the countrey In â—uche manner that the armye by sea remaynedde in the â—â—ddelle welle wardedde frome the lande all togiders whereof Polyanthes Corynthien was chiefe Agaynste whome the .xxiii. Athenyans galleys dyd come whiche were in the poarte of Naupacte wherof Diphilus was chiefe whiche parceyued the
make any nouelty Unto which place Chalcideus dyd come froÌ„ Chio with .xxiii ships in the whiche he had charged a great nomber of fotemen aswell of Erythree as also of Clazomenie Stronbichides being aduertysed therof he departed incontynently from Tea whan he had taken the mayne sea seing afarre of so great noÌ„ber of ships he retired into Samie where he saued himself although that the other did geue him the chase Which perceyued the Theriens although that at beginning they had refused to receyue garnyson into their cytie receyued it after Stronbichides was fledde fromthence And there were lefte the fotemen Erithryens and Clazomeniens who hauynge certen dayes attended the retourne of Chalcideus that followed Stronbichides and seynge that he came not they dyd rase downe the walles of the towne whiche the Athenyans had made frome of the coaste of the mayne lande And that did they wyth the ayde and perswation of certaine strangers that came thider in the meane time vnder conducte of Stages lieutenaÌ„t of Cissaphernes In this meane time Chalcideus Alcibiades hauing chased StroÌ„â—bychides into the porte of Samie they retourned fromthence to Chio there left their maroners in garnisoÌ„ whoÌ„ they armed as souldears And hauing in their stede put into their ships men of the countrey moreouer armed .xx. other shipps they sailled fromthence to Mylet trusting to cause the towne to rebelle For Alcibiades who had great amytie with many of the pryncipall cytezeins therof wolde gladly do that acte byfore that the shyps of the Peloponesians shulde be sente thyder for that same cause and to haue that same honnour aswell for him as for Chalcydeus and also for those of Chio whome they hadde in their compaignie and moreouer for Endius who was author of hys voiage that by their meane many Cyties whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans shulde rebelle Hauynge than made greate dyligence by sea the moste secretly that they myght they arryued at the said Milet a lytle before Stronbichides and Thrasicleas who were sente thider by the Athenyans wyth .xii. shippes and caused the towne incontynently to tourne to their confederatie Sone after arryued other nynetene ships of the Athenyans whyche followed those here the whyche not beinge receyued by the Mylesians they retyred into an Islande there adioygning named Lada Sone after the rebellyon of Mylet the furst alliance was made betwene the king Dareus the Lacedemonyans by Tyssaphernes Chalcideus in this manner The tenour of the allyaunce betwene the kinge Dareus and the Lacedemonians IN thies enterfaictes the Lacedemonyens and their allyes made allyaunce wyth the kynge Dareus and Tyssaphernes hys prouoste in this manner That the cyties landes countreys and seigniories that the Athenyans helde those same whyche the kynge or hys predecessours had holdene shulde remayne vnto hym and that all the reuenue that those Athenyans dyd take therof shulde be enioyed by the kynge and the Lacedemonyans togiders and that they shulde defende that no parte thereof shulde cometo the proffitt of the Athenyans That the kynge and the Lacedemonyans wyth their allyes shulde make warre commonlye agaynste the Athenyans and that the one shulde not conclude peace with them wythoute the othere And that if any of the kynges subiectes rebelledde agaynste hym the Lacedemonyans and their allyes shulde holde them for their ennemyes and of the subiectes of the Lacedemonyans and allyes if they rebelled the kynge shulde take theym for hys Such was the somme of the allyaunce bytwene them Howe those of Chio or Chiens after that they were rebelledde agaynst the Athenyans caused Mytilene and all the Isle of Lesbos to rebell And howe the Athenyans dyd alterwardes recouer it wyth certen other cyties whych were also rebelled And howe hauing vainquishedde the Chiens in three battailles they pillaged and wasted all their lande and of some other thynges ☞ The .iiii. Chapter AT the selfe tyme the Chiens armed tenne othere shyppes wyth the whyche they toke their waye for to saille to the cytie of Anea aswelle for to lerne what the Cytie of Milet hadde done as for to sollycitte the othere Cyties whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans for to habaâ—done them But beinge aduertysed by Chalcideus howe Amorges did come agaynste their cytie wyth a great hoste by lande they retourned fromthence vnto the temple of Jupiter oute of whyche place they mighte see commynge .xvi. Athenyans shippes whyche Diomedon conducted who was sente from Athens after Thrasicles And knowing that they were shippes of Athenes one parte of the Chiens wente vnto Ephesus and the other to Tea of the whiche foore were taken by the Athenyans But that was after that those that were within them were landed The other saued themself in the porte of Tea and the AthenyaÌ„s departed fromthence against SamuÌ„ And yet neuerthelas the Chiens hauing assembled the other ships that were eskaped and also a certen nomber of fotemen they perswaded the cytie of Lebedus to forsake the partie of the Athenyans and afterwards that same of Eras. And that done they retired with their ships fotemeÌ„ into their houses Abouts the same tyme the .xvi. ships of the Peloponesians the whiche did holde a like noÌ„ber of the Athenyans shipps assieged at Pireus issued soubdainly vnloked for vpon those Athenyans and defyed repoulsed them in such sort that they did take foure of them and that done they sailled to the port of Cenchree where they repaired and tacled their ships for to saille afterwardes to Chio and into JonuÌ„ vnder the conducte of Astyochus whom the Lacedemonyans sente vnto them vnto whom they had geuene charge of all the armye by sea After that the fotemen that were at Tea were departed fromthence Tyssaphernes arryued there Who hauing caused the reste of the walles to be beatene downe sailled froÌ„thence incontynently And sone after Diomedon arryued there with .xx. Athenyans ships who did somuch with them of the towne that they were coÌ„tent to receue him but he taried not there so sailled to Eras thinking to take it by force which thing he coulde not do and for that cause departed In that same tyme the meane people of SamiuÌ„ did rebelle against the greater hauing with them the ayde of the Athenyans which were come to arriue there wyth thre ships And they did slay two houndred of the principall of the same greater occupiers and they bannished other two houndred and forfeyted their goodes aswel of the dead as of the bannished the whiche they departed amongest them And by consente of the Athenyans after that they had promysed them to perseuer in their amytie they sett themself into lybertie gouerned themself of theÌ„self without geuing to the bannished whose goods they did wythhold any thing for their lyuinge but rather made a great defence and prohibition that none shulde take any land or house of them nor also deliuer theÌ„ any In thies enterfaicts the Chiens that had determyned to declare themself
smalle nomber were wythoute hurte rebuke or offence depryued of the gouernance and to those that toke partie wyth the Athenyans and vnto whome Diotrephes had betaken the gouernement yt chaunced whole contrary to their thinkinges And the lyke was done in many other of the cyties subiected to the Athenyans which consyderynge as it semeth to me that they shulde haue no more feare of the Athenyans and that the same fourme of lyuing in their obeissance vnder the coulour of pollecie was for trouth but a couloured seruitude or bondage they attended al for a true lybertie As touching Pisander and hys compaignions that were gone with hym they comytted the gouernance of the cyties through whyche they passed into the hande of a small nombere at their pleasuer and oute of some of the same they dyd take souldyars whyche they caryed wyth them to Athenes where they founde that their complices and frendes hadde already done many thynges redoundinge to their intente for to abolishe the comons estate For one Androcles who had greate authoritie wyth the comon people and that had bene one of the chiefest that were cause of the bannishmente of Alcibiades was slayne by a secrett conspiratie of some yonge compaignyons of the cytie for twoo purposes The one for that that he had tomuche authoritie wyth the comon people the other for to acquire and gette the good wille of Alcibiades who as they thoughte shulde haue comme agayne into authorie trustinge that he wold make Tyssaphernes their frende And for the selfe purposes they had by lyke meanes caused some other to be slayne whyche semed vnto them to be contrary vnto that practique also they had shewed vnto the comons by studyed and apparante narrations and reasons that there shulde be no more wages payde but to those that sarued in the warrre and that in the admynistration of the comoÌ„ affayres no greater nomber shulde entermeddle than of fyue houndred men and chieflye of those that were hable to sarue the comone weale both wyth bodyes and wyth goodes whyche thynge semed honnorable to the comon people and those same whiche were cause of the brynging downe of the comon estate thought yet by that change to haue authorytie For also the auncyent facyon of assemblynge the people and the counseille in alle affaires of hearynge the opynyons of all men and of followynge the greater nomber didde stylle remayne But nothing might be proponed or declared wythout deliberation of the small nomber whyche hadde the authorytie Amongest whom there were that conferred a parte of all that shulde be proponed and sette fourthe for their intente and whan they had said their opynyon no man durst speake against yt for feare seinge the great nomber and authorytie of the said gouernours For also whan any dyd speake against yt meanes were founde for to cause him to dye also they dyd no iustice nothere make inquyrie for manquellers or murtherers wherof the people were so afrayed and abashed that they durste not saye a worde and they thought that they dyd gett very muche by holdyng their peace or kepynge sylence in that they receyued no other incomodytie and violence And somuche the more they were in greater feare that they doubted leaste there had bene a much greater noÌ„ber of people in that same conspiracie for it was not very easye to vnderstand who were the coniuratours and accomplices or parttakers in that same secte aswell for greatnes of the cytie and multytude of people as also that the one dyd not knowe the intent of the other and also dyd not complaine the one to the other nother to discouer his secret vnto hym nor to treate to take secrete vengeance therof For the suspition and mystruste was so great through oute the people that a man durste not truste no not hys acquaintance and frendes doubting leaste they had bene of the same coÌ„spiratie for that that there was in yt suche thynges as neuer were doubted By reason whereof a man coulde no more knowe to whyche of the comons he might truste wherby the estate of the coniurators or parttakers was greatly assured pryncypally bycause of the said diffidence or mistruste Pysander and his compaignions than being come in the tyme of that same trouble they brought to passe right easly in a small season their enterpryse And furst hauyng assembled the people they caused theÌ„ to consent to chose tenne grephiers and secretayries the which shulde haue full power and auctorytie to pronounce to the people that whyche shulde be deuysed to be putt in consultation for the welthe of the cytie at a daye which was named The whiche day beynge come and the assemblie made in a great felde wherin was situâ—ted the temple of Neptunus aboutes tenne stades out of the cytie there was no other thinge recyted by the grephiers but that it was lawfull for to declare and publishe the decree of the Athenyans in whatsoeuer parte a man wold And who soeuer shulde wryte that the pronouncer did againste the lawes or otherewyse did him oultrage or empeshemente shuld be greuously punished Afterwardes the saide decree was published whiche was of this substance that all the officers whiche were than in authoritie by the chosynge of the comons shulde be abolisshed and sett of and that no wages shuld be payde vnto them that they shuld electe fyue presedentes who shuld afterwards name an houndred men and euery of those shuld choise three other which shuld be in the whole foore houndred who whan they shuld come vnto the court shuld haue full power ample auctorytie to execute that which shulde be determyned to be for the welth of the comon weale and moreouer to assemble fyue thousand cytezeins at all and asmany tymes as they shuld thinke good Pysander dyd pronouÌ„ce that same decre who in the same in other things did willingly al that which he learned to sâ—â—ue for the extinguishinge and abrogation of the comons estate But the said decree had already of longe tyme bifore bene made by Antiphon who was in great reputation For truly there was not at the same tyme in the cytie any man that exceaded him in vertue and also he was very well aduysed and prudente for to fynde counsaill in good expedient comon affayres moreouer he had a great grace to speke and declare them and albeit that he neuer wolde come to the assemblie of the people nother to any other coÌ„tentious coÌ„gregation except that he were required yet the comon people had him in suspition for the effycacitie elegancie of his speakinge And though that he wolde not entermedle in causes yet euerye man that had any matter were it iudiciall or touchinge the comons he reputed that he had great fauour yf he might haue hym for counsaillor And aftere that the estate of foore houndred was abragated that men proceded against those whiche were the pryncipall authors therof being accused as the other he defended his case and answered
cause of the same And neuerthelas they dyd take of the enemys ships those whyche dyd followe eyghte of Chio fyue of the Corynthians two of the Ambraciotes and twoo of the Beotians and of the Leucadians Lacedemonyans Siracusains and Pellyens of euery of them one they loste fyften of theirs So they receyued after the battaille the shipwrackes and the cariongns Where of they dyd by appoynctement render to the ennemyes theirs and afterwardes hauynge addressed and reysed their Trophee vpon the rocky place of the sepulcre of the dogge they dyspesched a brygantyne by the whyche they aduertysed the Athenyans of that same vyctorie Through the which newes the Cytezeins that were in muche greate feare and dyspayre by cause of the greate inconueniences that were happened vnto them aswell in Eubea as in the cytie it self throughe their seditions recouered theire spirittes and dyd greatelye take agayne theire courage hopynge to be yett hable to haue the vyctorie agaynste their ennemys if there case were well and diligently conducted Foore dayes after the same vyctorie hauinge in thys meane tyme wyth greate diligence repaired their shippes whych were brused and crusshed at Seste they departed fromthence for to saille to recouer the cytie of Cizice whiche were rebelled frome theym And in passynge their voiage they dyd see eyght Peloponesyans shyps in the hauon of Harpagie and of Priape whiche were departed from Bizance the whyche they assaulted vaynquished and toke And fromthence they sailled to Cizice and also did take it easely for that that it had no walles and they recouered of the burgeoses a good somme of monney Duringe thys tyme the Peloponesyans departed out frome Abyde and sailled to Eleunte Where they dyd take of the shyppes whyche had bene gaigned and wonne of the ennemyes those thereof that they founde whole and entier for they of the towne had burned a greate nomber of them And also sente Hippocrates and Epicles into Eubea for to brynge awaye other of theym In the self seasone Alcibiades departed out of Cannus of Phaselide wyth .xiiii. shipps to Samie and did the Athenyans that were there to vnderstande howe he had empesched that the Phenycians shippes did not come to the ayde of the Peloponesians and also had drawin and treyned Tyssaphernes to the benyuolence of the Athenyans muche more than biâ—oretyme he had bene Sithens hauynge with hys eyght shyppes tacled other nyne that he founde there he sailled into Halicarnassus where he leuied a greate some of monney and so enclosed the towne wyth wal Afterwardes he did retourne to Samie about the begynninge of Autumpne On the other syde Tissaphernes hauinge vnderstanded howe the armye by sea of the Peloponesyans was departed from Mylet for to passe into Hellesponce departed from Aspende for to saille into Ionum And in the meane tyme that the Peloponesyans were occupyed in the affayres of Hellesponte the Citezeins of Antandrie which is a towne of the Eoliens hauing takene a certen nomber of people in Abyde caused them by nyght to passe through the mounte of Ida. So they put them into the towne and dyd chase fromthence the men of Arsacus the Persyen who was capytayne there for Tissaphernes for that that he intreated them noughtelye And besides the euill intreatinge they had greate feare of him and of his crueltie for the experyence whyche they hadde sene hym vse agaynste the Delyens Who whan they were chased out of the Isle of Delos by the Athenyans vnder couloure of relygione they beinge wythdrawin into a towne nyghe vnto Antandria named Atramyrtum that same Arsacus whiche dyd beare them certen hatred dissimuled or cloked hys euill wyll and faigned with the pryncipalles of them that he wolde vse their saruyce in warre and geue theÌ„ wages and by that meane caused them all to yssue fourth into the feldes And one day as they were at dynner caused them to be bisett rounde aboutes by his men and wyth stroakes of dartes to be slayne righte cruellye For this reasons than and for not beynge of power to supporte the charges that were exacted of them the Antandryans chased away his men Wherby Tyssaphernes found him self greatly offended besyde that whyche had already bene done by the Peloposyans at Mylet and at Cnydus from whence they had lykewise chased hys men And fearyng leaste it shulde happen worse and also hauing in great despyte that Pharnabazus hauinge wythdrawin them to wages shuld with their ayde doo wyth lesser charges and in lesser tyme more in effecte than he could do wyth the Athenyans he determyned to saille vnto theÌ„ into Hellesponte for to complayne to them of the sayde oultrages that had bene done to hym and also for to excuse and discharge hymself of that wherewyth men charged hym specyally touchinge the Phenycians shippes So he toke hys iourney and beinge arryued at Ephesus he made hys sacrefice in the temple of Diana And whan the wynter that shall comme after thys sommer shal be fynishedde yt shal be the ende of the twentye and one yeare of thys same warre ¶ HEre endeth the Historie of Thucidides the Athenyan of the warre that was bitwene the Peloponesyans and the Athenyans Prynce of Hystorians that haue wryttonne in the Greke tonge oute of the whyche thys boke was sometyme translated into Latyne by Laurence Ualle and afterwardes brought into the the Frenche tonge by the Lorde Claudius of Seissell furst Bushopp of Marseille and afterwardes Archebushopp oâ— Turyn and beynge translated into the Englishe ys fynally by the moste gracious priuielege of the Kynges mooste excellente Maiestie Edwarde the Sixte by the grace of God Kinge of Englande Fraunce and Icelande defendor of the faith and of the Church of Englande and also of Irlande in earth the Supreme headde published and broughte into lyghte to the proffitt and edification of the subiectes of hys Maiesties Realmes and Domynions And newely imprinted in the Cytie of London in the fourth yeare of his Maiesties most prosperous Reigne Leafe Page Lyne Faultes Corrections iâ— seconde xxi and it was and howe it was xi furste furste a truse for iiii for .iiii. the same the same xxxix Anaxagoras Athenagoras xii bothe xi xlii viil xiii xxxi kyng of Ayer kyng Darius xv furste furste chosenne chased xx seconde xâ—ii his house their houses xxiiii seconde xxxix had had had xxix furste xiii be not saide be saide xxxiii furste xiiii that than xxxviii furste furste the said cytie of Samye leaue it ones fourth â— furste xi gate porte liiâ— seconde furste Corsayrians theues or sea rouers lxiii seconde iii. declared defended lxv seconde vii a great nomber a greate nombre of them lxâ— furste â—â—â—x ouer all inhabyted ouer all not inhabyted lxxii seconde xxvii of poarte of the poarte lxxxii seconde xxv asmuche as the. asmuche on theâ— lxxxiii seconde xlvii that we haue not begoÌ„ne that ye haue begonne the wartâ— againste vs. lxxix furste xviii against youe And against
no mentyon of the greatnes of the other nor of the nomber of the people that they caryed which is to declare that the greatest caryed but one houndred and twentye men and the lesse fyfty And also it appereth that all they whiche were in the shyppes of Philoctete were both warryers and maronners by that he sayth that they were all men of warre aswell the maronners as the other as he sayth And also it is to beleue in so muche that the Kynges and Dukes of the countrey passed the sea wyth theyr puyssance and apparaylle for the sea that there taryed not many people in the countrey And also they had not than shyypes couered and stronge as men haue nowe a dayes But they were onely small slight shyppes mete for to robbe vpon the sea And therfor takyng theÌ„ for meane betwene the greatest and leaste he coulde not haue so great nomber of people in them that men myght saye that they had bene sente by the common assemblye of all Grece And that chaunsed more for faulte of moneye thanne for â—aulte of people For they myght not cary but so manye people as they thought to be hable to nourysh duryng the warre Nowe is it very certayne that after they were arryued they were the stronger For elles they of Troye woulde not haue permitted them to close theyr camp vnto the walles And also they ayded not them selues durynge the siege wyth all the people that they had brought out But for faulte of vyctuayles they were constrained to sende one parte to laboure the countreye of Cheronese and one other parte to robbe and â—yllage by sea So that beyng so dyspersed they susteygned warre agaynst the TroyaÌ„s the space of tenne yeares aswell in defendynge as in assayllynge for that that they were indiffereÌ„t and egall in force by meanes of the absence of the people which the same Grekes had sente oute to laboure and for pyllage but yf they had bad prouision of victuailes so that withoute goinge to laboure and pillage they might haue taryed altogithere certaynely they might haue taken the cytie and haue destroyed it as they dyd after wtin muche lesse tyme but they had inough to do for a tyme to defende theÌ„selues So than it must conclude that the warres and armyes whyche haue beâ—ore thys of Troye were very smalle for lacke of monney and that the selfe same whyche is most celebrated and most renommed was muche lesse than poetes haue writtonne And furthermore it is manyfest that the Grekes after that warre were oft tymes chased from thair countrey and constrayned to go to dwelle in other countreys so that they had not so muche reste that they myghte multeplye and encrease that chaunced for that they had bene soo longe at the siege of Troye that at thair retourne they found many thynges chaunged and many sedytions arose in the cytes so that some of them that had destroyed the sayde cytie oâ— Troye were constrayned to buylde newe cyties for they whom we call now the Beotiens being chased by the Thessaliens from the lande whyche they helde aboute thre skoore yeares after the destruction of Troye came to inhabite that countrey whych is called Beoce and bifore was called Cadmee which one parte of theÌ„ had holdenne in tymes paste and specyally than whan they departed to goo vnto Troye And the Doriens about foure skoore yeares after the sayd destructioÌ„ of Troye helde Peloponese And a longe tyme after the couÌ„trey of Grece beinge with greate defficultie peasable and the inhabitantes assuredde they beganne to sende fourth thair people for to inhabite other couÌ„trees Amonge the whyche the Athenyens dydde people the countrey of IonuÌ„ and some other Islandes And the Peloponesians and other people of the reste of Grece dydde people Italye and Sycilie All which thynges were done sythens the takynge of Troye The countrey of Grece being than bicome so puyssant and riche there chaunced euerye daye newe rulers in yâ— cyties by meanes of the reuenue therof whych was greaâ—ely augmeÌ„ted For bifore the kynges came by succesâ—ioÌ„ they had thair puisâ—â—nce â—ighteâ— prehemynences lymyted and also they studyed moste in nauigation by meanes that all Grece dyd than freqâ—ente moste commonly the sea with small shippes not hauing yet the vsaige of greate wherof the Corynthyens were the furste Inuentors aâ—d there were made the furst galleys that euer had bene sene in Grece And sithens one Amynocles the Corynthyan shyppwryght made fower for the Samyens aboute thre hundred yeares bifore the ende of the warre wherof we wryte And the moste auueyeÌ„r warre by Sea wherof we haue knowlaige was bitwene the Corynthyens and the Corcyryens whiche was than there aboute two hundred and thre skoore yeares And for that that the cytie of Corynthe is the strayte of the land betwene the two Seas it was alwayes the staple of the Grekes whan they vsed marchandyse yet more for land than for Sea By this meane and that aswell they that inhabyted within Peloponese as withoute came to marchandise within thair lande they wâ—re more ryche than the other lyke as the selfe poetes do vs to vnderstande whiche call Corynthe the ryche cytie And yet sithens that all Grece dyd geue themselues to nauigation and marchandyse by sea After that the pirates and robbers were dryuen away the sayd cytie bicame muche more ryche bicause that they came from all coostes to lande there As touchynge the Ionyens they had a longe tyme after the vsage of saylinge in the tyme of the furst kynge of Perse Cyrus and of his sonne Cambrises so that they defended thair Sea agaynste the sayde Cyrus And in the selfe same say sonne Polycrates that obteigned the rule in the cytie of Sam ye after the tyme of Cambyses was so myghtye by Sea that he occupyed many Islandes Amonge whyche was the same that men call Rhema the whyche he coÌ„secrated and gaue vnto the god Apollo who was in the temple of Delos After that the Phocyans to wytt those that founded the cytye of Massilia vaynquyshed the Cartagyans by Sea And the victoryes battailes by Sea whereof we speake were greatest and most renommed wherof there is any memory and yet neuerthelas were longe time after the destruction of Troye Moreouer the Athenyens the Egenytes and other that men fynde by wrytynge to haue had than armye by Sea had very small nomber of shyppes and also were very lytle For the more parte of them caryed not aboue fysty men and that was very seldome For the Athenyens hauyng warre agaynst the sayde Egenetes and fearynge thair strengthe by Sea Themistocles thair Duke and Capytayne perswaded them that they shulde make oute stronge shyppes for to beate them by Sea whych thynge they did yet notwithstaÌ„dynge all the same shyppes were not couered Such was the estate hooste of the Grekes by sea aswel from the begynnynge and auncyentie as also afterwardes
be delyuered fro the said warre sent other messengers to the teÌ„ple of Delphos to knowe of the god Apollo who gaue there hys aunswers if it were expedieÌ„t for them to geue thair cytie to the Corinthiens whyche hadde from the begynnynge brought thair auncestors into the same to thintent that they shuld come to succour theÌ„ The which god made them aunswere that they shulde geue themselues to the sayd Corinthiens and take dukes and capytaynes of thair people whyche aunswere receyued they sente thair Ambassadors towardes the sayd Corinthiens to shewe theÌ„ how that they had bene brought to the sayd place of Epidanne by one of thair citezeins and also that they were admonyshed by thaunswere of god Apollo to comme to render themselues vnto them Seinge whyche requeste the Corinthyens deliberated to go to succour them aswell for that that they reputed theÌ„ asmuche thair burgeoses as of the Corcyriens as also for the hatred that they had agaynst the Corcyriens who albeit that they had auncyeÌ„tly bene thair burgeoses and that the cytie of Corcyre had bene founded and peopled by the Corynthiens yet they passed not vpon them and in thair publique feastes dyd not them the hounours whyche the burgeoses of a towne were accustomed to do to thair cytie Metropolytayne And also in thair sacrifices they gaue not to the cytezeins of Corynthe any place more honnorable than vnto other And the sayd Corcyriens dyd thys for that that they were than very ryche and mightie by monney and all apparaille for warre asmuche or more than any other cytie of Grâ—ce they were also fyerce for the puyssance that they had had by sea yet more greate than they at that tyme had And for the glory that the Phaetians who bifore had inhabited in thair cytie had hadde in feates of the sea whyche moued them to kepe alwayes an armyâ— by sea whyche they than had myghty inoughe For at the houre that they beganne the warre they had six skoore shippes The Corynthyens than being hatefull to the Corcyriens for the reasons aboue said sente of thair people to garnyshe the towne of Epydanne and also some Ambrothiates and Leucadyans and further suffred to all those of thair cytezeins and subiectes that wolde to go thider to inhabyt And for that that the Corcyriens were stronger by sea fearynge that they wolde impesche thair people whyche they sente to succonr the sayd Epydannyans if they wente by sea they caused theÌ„ to go by lande vntill Apollonia which was one of thair townes whaÌ„ the Corcyriens vnderstode that the Corinthians garnyshed the sayde towne of Epydanne wyth thair people and thinhabitaÌ„tes therof were geuen vnto them they were greatly displeased So they incontynently sente thider an armye with xxv shyppes and wyth an other nomber of shyppes to trouble them the more they sente them whome they had chased oute of Epydanne afore sayde whyche came furste vnto them to render themselfe shewynge thair aâ—ncyente nobilitie whyche myghte be sene in the sayde place by the graues of thair auncestors prayinge them that they wolde sette them agayne into th aire houses and to chase awaye the garnyson of the Corinthians And for that that the sayde EpydannyeÌ„s refused to receyue theÌ„ to obey to the sayd Corcyryens they came to assiege theÌ„ wyth fourty shyppes accountyng them wyth the bannyshed men whome they wolde haue sette agayne into the towne and they called to thair allyaunce the Ilyriens neyghbours to the sayde cytie Hauynge than assyeged the towne they caused yt to be cryed wyth the sounde of a trompett that the habitantes or other straungers that were within the same myght comme fourth in suerty and they that wold tary wythin were declared enemys But seing that none of them came fourth they determyned to assaulte the towne whyche is situated vpon a dystreayte of land compassed about with the sea on both sides The CorinthiaÌ„s being aduertysed of this seage asseÌ„bled thair army to go for to uccour thair people and ordayned to sende to the sayd place of EpydaÌ„ne a new Colonie of thair citezeâ—s and so made suche an ordenaunce that they that wold not than go wyth the other whyche presentely wente thyther for to dwell there might afterwardes â—ome and haue asmuche parte as they payinge from that tyme to the people of Corynthe fyftene groates a pece so there were many that payde monney to be there receyued aâ—terwardes On the other syde the Corynthiens sente towardes them of Megare to pray them that they wold lende theÌ„ thair shippes for to accompaigny them if the Corcyriens wold empesche them who sente vnto them .viii. shippes wel appoincted They of Paules that is a cytie of Cephaleniens iiii the EpidauriaÌ„s fyâ—e The HarmyoÌ„s one The TroesaniaÌ„s twayne the Leucadians tenne and the Ambrociotes viii as touchyng the Thebanis and the Philasiens they demaunded of them monney and of the Heliâ—s empty shippes and monney besydes thys the sayd Corinthiens hadde on thair syde thyrty shippes armed and apparailled and thre thousande fote men whan the Corcyriens vnderstode the greate preparation that the Corynthians dyd make they sente towardes them messengers and withe them came thider Ambassaders from the Lacedemonyens and Sycionyans who demaunded of the Corinthiens that they shulde withdrawe thair garrisone from Epydanne wyth thair burgeoses that they had sent thyder to inhabitt ther for that that they had nothynge to do with the Epydannyans and if they there pretended any ryghte they offred to stande to the ordenance of some of the cyties of Peloponese suche as they shulde deuyse together and if they wolde not stande to the ordenance of man they were content to be iudged by god Apollo Delphique rather than to make warre wyth them And that they shuld wel aduyse and thynke that if they wolde come by force they shulde constrayne the same Corcyriens to make newe allyances for to defende theÌ„selues wherunto the Corynthiens aunswered them that if they caused the shippes and straungers that were bifore Epydanne to be wythdrawen the rest myght afterwardes be commoned vpon For it were to no purpose to speake of puttynge the matter in iustyce hauing thair Siege afore the towne To thys the Corcyriens replyed that they were content to do yt prouyded that the Corinthians shuld withdrawe thair people froÌ„ the towne therupoÌ„ wolde geue such suertie by othe as was accustomed that both parties shulde surcease all exploictes of warre vntyll the dyfference shulde be determined But the Corinthians who bifore had thair people embarqued the suâ—cours of thair allyes all ready wolde not so agree but sente bifore an heraulte to defye the Corcyrieâ—s by by departed from thair porte with .lxxv. shyppes two thousande â—ote men to go agaynste Epydanne fully determyned to fight agaynst the Corcyriens Now the capytaynes of the shyppes were Aristeus sonne of Pelicas Callicrates sonne of Calie
great stones that were set afore for to breake the wawes of the sea they passed through right great dangier of many throwes that the enemys dyd cast agaiÌ„st them wherby some of theÌ„ were slayne but the more part entred into the towne Nowe were come fourth to succour the Potydyans they that were within Olynthe which is situated in an high place wythout the destrayte distant froÌ„ the place where the battaille was fought aboutes six thousande pases But the horsemen Macedoniens came agaynste theÌ„ to dryue theÌ„ backe And after that they of the towne sawe that the Atheniens hadde the victory they retyred the Macedoniens lykewise towardes the Athenyans And thus the horsemen neyther of the one syde nor of the other were not at the battayle This done the Athenians set vp their Trophee in tokeÌ„ of victory rendred to the Potydyens theyr dead men according to the custome which were founde well nygh to the noÌ„ber of thre houndred aswell of their citezeins as of theyr allyes and of the Athenyans aboutes the haluen deale Among whom was Callias one of theyr Capytaynes That done the Athenians closed the walles aboute with hydes towardes the destraicte sett their people there to kepe it But they durst not go and drawe theyr closure of the other quarter of the cytye of Potyde towardes Palene which was ioingninge to the same towne of Potyde althoughe that it were not walled on that syde for that that they were not in noÌ„ber to maigteigne two seges and feared that yf they parted theÌ„selues they of the towne wolde comme to assaulte them in the one or the other place Whan the newes were signified at Athenes howe Potyde was assieged by their people but that they had not enuyroned Palene with murage they sent thyder within a lytle tyme after six houÌ„dred men a freshe vnder conducte of Phormyon sonne of Asopius who being departed from Aphite for to come towardes Palene set hys people on lande wente fayre well agaynste Potyde Destroying and burnyng theyr feldes And seing that none came fourthe of the towne he closed Palene with a walle by meane wherof the citie of Potide was assieged and beaten on both sydes by lande and also was assaulted on the sea syde by meanes that the Athenyans had gotteÌ„ the poorte Aristeus than seing that there was no more hope to be hable to defende the towne yf no succour came from them of Peloponese pretended that with some good wynde that might happen all the people that were wtin the towne shuld be sente away reserued sixe houndred wâ—erof he wolde be one the longer to sâ—steigne the siege vntyll some succour came vnto theÌ„ For he feared that victuailes shulde fayle theÌ„ But seyng that he could not perswade that he went fourthe in a night wtout knowlaige of the Athenians to geue order for that that was necessary to prouyde for other affayres that were wtoute went to the Calcydes by whose ayde he dyd many exploictes of warre in the landes of the Athenians of their parties And among other being come to ronne before the citie of Sermypile he had set an ambushement by meanes whereof he slewe a great noÌ„ber of citezeins which came forth vpoÌ„ him And neuertheles he sollicited laboured greatly the Peloponesians to sende hym some succour to Potyde In this entrefeates or procedinges Phormion after that he had enclosed Potyde on al sides came wyth sixe houndred men to ouerronne the countreys of Calcide and Beoce and so toke some castells Suche than were the quarells betwene the Athenyans and Peloponesyans for the Corynthyans were sorye that the Athenyans had troubled the citie of Potide which toke theyr part and theyr Cytezeynes and other Peloponesians that were wythin The Athenyans complayned that the Corynthyans had caused the Potydiens whiche were theyr subiectes to rebelle and that they were come to theyr ayde for to defend them against them But the warre was not yet fully declared so that there was some respitt for that the questyon was not yet generallye agaynste all the Peloponesians but onely agaynste the Corinthiens who alwayes fearynge the losse of Potyde and of theyr people that were within dyd not cease to practyse theyr allyes to come with them towardes the Lacedemonyens whiche were theyr heade to make theyr complayntes agaynste the Athenyans as breakers of the peace and ennemys to all the Peloponesians whiche they dyd And on the other syde the Agenytes came thyder not publiquely and openly for they durste not for feare of the Athenyans but secretely they perswaded warre as the other dyd For that that they complayned that the Athenyans wolde not suffre them to enioye their lybertye as it was appoynted by the sayde treatye of peace when all the Ambassadours of the confederated townes whiche were comme for thys matter were arryued at Lacedemonye the Lacedemonyens assembled theyr counsayle and caused it to be declared wyth loude voyce that yf there were any parsonne that pretended to make any complaincte agaynst the Athenyans he shulde speake publiquely as the custome was At whiche admonytion came before them almost all the confederates of Peloponese makynge theyr complainctes and doleances And besydes them the Megarens who complayned for that that beynge vnder the seigniorye of the Athenyans they had prohybited them to vse marchaundyse in theyr porte in theyr terrytorye The Corinthians were the laste for they suffred the other to speake before of a sett purpose for to prouoke and get the Lacedemonyans and afterwardes they spake in this manner ¶ The narration and proposition of the Corinthians in the Counsaylle of Lacedemonye agaynste the Athenyans The .vii. Chapter THe fayth and loyaultie that youe kepe amonge you aswell in commun as in particuler Lordes LacedemonyaÌ„s maketh that yf any the other of vs shulde saye any thynge agaynste you that no man wolde beleue hym And in that youre modestye and loyaultie causeth youe to be esteamed But youe vse one greate ignoraunce touchynge thynges that be wythoute For albeit that we haue often shewed and preached howe the Athenyans woulde ouercomme and oppresse vs yet woulde you neuer beleue vs but that that they that shewed it vnto youe shâ—lde saye it by meanes of particuler questyons that they had with them and by meane therof wolde not assemble your allyes before that we were oultraged wronged But youe haue forborne vntyll thys presente that we be iniuryed And therfor it is very reasonable that in presence of youre sayde allyes and confederates we make the longer proposityon for so much as we be dowbly offended to wytt by the Athenyans that haue oultraged vs and by youe that haue not regarded it And yf there were any reasone whereby a man myght defende that it were noâ— holye notoryous that the Athenyans be they whiche trouble all Grece It were requysitt that we shulde cause it to appere vnto them that knowe it not But what nedeth nowe to holde any longer purpose of
For it is for them that are mynded to wronge other conuenyent to make thies longe consultations And therefore lordes Lacedemonyans iudge manfully and declare warre in shewynge and defendinge youre dygnitie and maiestye Spertayne And suffre ye not that the Athenyans make theirs more greate nor to destroy oure allyes But hauinge the goddes to helpe vs lette vs warre againste them that do iniurie vs. After that Stenelaides hadde thus spoken he sayde and ordonned that the matter shulde be putte into deliberation of the counsayle to be determyned by the greater voyce And for that that the noyse was greate amongest them for the diuersyte of opynyons for thair custome was to declare and geue thair consente and opynyoâ—s by thair voyces and not by small balles for to encourage them the more to be of his oyynyoÌ„ he sayd in this manner All those that be of opynyon that the Athenyans haue brokenne the allyances and wroÌ„ged our frendes aryse withdrawe yourselues into this place shewinge them a certayn place of the halle where they helde counsaile And they that shal be of contrary opynyon withdrawe youreselfe into the othere whiche they did So there was founde a muche greater nomber of them that were of the opynyon to make warre This done they caused thair allyes to be called and shewed them that they thought that the Athenyans did wronge But neuerthelas bifore they wolde determyne warre they were mynded to haue the aduyse and opynyon of them all to thintent that if it were mete to make it the same shuld be done by one comon accorde And hereupon they sente all the Ambassadours that were there home to thair houses for to consulte euery of them in his quartier And lykewyse the Athenyans after they had receiued auuswere of that that they were sente for they retourned to Athenes And this peblicâ—te that is to sayâ— decre of the people was made and pronounced the .xiiii. yeare after the truyse of thirty yeares whyche had bene made after the warre of Eubee And the Lacedemonyans were moued to make this decre not somuche for the woordes and declarations of thair allyes as for feare that they had that the AthenyaÌ„s shulde make themselues mightier Seinge that the more parte of Grece was now subjected vnto them And they were encreased sens the warre of the Medes in the manner that foloweth Howe the Athâ—nyans after the warre of the Medes buylded agayne theire cytie and the begynnynge of thair Empyre in Grece The .xi. Chaptre AFter that the Medes were departed from Europe beinge vainquisshed by the Grekes aswell by lande as by sea and that they that were saued by sea were descomforted nigh to Mycale Lyothichides king of Lacedemonyans who was Duke and Capytaine to the Grekes that were at the same descomfyture of Mycale retourned home wyth the Grekes of Peloponese that he had vnder hym But the Athenyans wyth them of Ionum and of Hellespont whyche than were rebelles agaynste the kynge of Mede taried and assieged the cytie fo Ceste whiche the same Medes did holde who did forsake it And by that meane the same Athenyans and allyes toke yt and there kepte thair winter The wynter passed they all departed frome Hellesponte the countrey beynge habandoned of the strangers and the Athenyans wente to take agayne thair wyues chyldren and moueables that were in the cyties wherin they had bestowed them to be kept at the begynning of the warre After they retourned vnto Athenes determyned to make agayne and buylde thair walles of the towne the more parte wherof were beaten downe And likewyse the howsen some of them in very small nomber resarued whiche the chiefe of the straungers had kepte for to lodge in Whyche thinge vnderstandynge the Lacedemonyans they sente thair Ambassadours to empesche and lette them to doyt Aswell for that that they not wyllingly did see that they nor other shulde haue walles to thair townes as also at the instigatioÌ„ of thair allyes that feared the puyssance of the same Athenyans seing that they had a muche more greate nomber of shippes that at begynning of the warre And that sens the same they had conceyued a great audacytie So the sayd Ambassadours requyred theÌ„ that they wolde not make agayne thair walles but rather plucke downe all those of the other townes that were out of Peloponese that remayned hole And yet not withstandynge did not declare vnto them the cause that moued them to make this requeste but shewed theÌ„ that it was for feare that if they made again thair sayd walles the straungers shulde retourne they shulde haue an other place to receyue them wherin they myght warre agaynste them as they did than in the cytie of Thoebes whyche they did holde For they sayde that Peloponese was a place sure and defensible suffycieÌ„t for the retreate of all the Grekes Whan the Athenyans had harde this Ambassade they aunswered that they wolde shortly sende of thair people to Lacedemonye for to make them aunswere And with this answere sent theÌ„ again incontynently And this they did by the counsaille of Themistocles who perswaded them that they shulde sende him fourthwyth bifore into Lacedemonye and that within certayn tyme after they shulde despatche other people that shuld haue charge of that matter with him in the meane tyme shuld cause with all diligence to be sett to worke all theÌ„ of the towne aswel lytle as great aswell men as also women to make the walles for to rayse theÌ„ by all meanes to be so high that they might be fensible and that they shuld take the matter and the stones there as they shulde fynde them most ready without sparing edifices publique or particuler And after that he had shewed them this and what he intended to do he went to Lacedemonye At whyche place beynge aryued he went not to the officers nor to the counsel in many dayes But whan any of the counsailers demanded him wherfore he slacked somuch to go thider he founde dyuers excuses saying that he taryed for his coÌ„paignyons excusing thair retardaÌ„ce by dyuers meanes neuerthelas saying that he hoped that they shuld come ryght shortly that he maruailed howe they taryed so long Whâ—ruÌ„to the honest people of the towne did geue credite for the amitie knowlaige that they hadde of hym But durynge this tyme people came euery daye that reported to the sayd LacedemonyaÌ„s how that the walles of Athens were coÌ„tynually made vp with all diligeÌ„ce And nowe were so heighned that it was not to bileue that they wolde cease Themistocles thaÌ„ seinge that there was no more meanes to abuse them prayed them that they wolde not beleue reaportes but to sende frome amongest theÌ„ faythâ—ull parsones vnto the places for to see the thinge at yâ— eye and to make vnto theÌ„ true reaport which they did And on the other side he sente secretly by one his messenger to aduertyse the Athenyans that they shuld reteigne the sayd Ambassadours by the most
after that they vnderstode the chaunce that was happened at Platee commauÌ„ded all theyr allyes that they shuld kepe theyr people ready with apparayl that were necessarye for to issue vnto the felde at a daye named and to enter into the countrey of Athenes And after that thys was done two partes of all the cyties mett at one tyme in the destraict of Peloponese that is called Isthmos and sone after all the other arryued there who beyng there all assembled Archidamus kynge of the Lacedemonyans who was generall or chief of the armye called vnto hym all the offycers and pryncipallest of all the cytyes and spake vnto them in thys manner The narration of Archidamus Kynge of Lacedemonians ☞ The thyrde Chapter LOrdes Peloponesyans and youe other oure allyes oure auncestres haue had manye warres and made manye armyes aswell wythin the countreye of Peloponese as wythout and those amonge vs that be aged haue some experyence Yet we neuer yssued to the felde so puyssant nor with so greate apparayle for warre as at thys present Also we go agaynste a ryght myghtye cytye where there is lykewyse a great noÌ„ber of good warryours Wherfore we must shewe vs suche that we destayne not the glorye and renome of oure elders and of oure selues For all Grece is moued for thys warre and the more parte do long loke for our victorye for the hatred that they haue to the AthenyaÌ„s neuertheles we must not for that we be in right great nomber go agaynst our ennemyes in great hope that they dare not yssue agaynst vs leaue nor omyt any thynge of oure apparaylle but it is necessarye that euery one of vs aswell capytayne as conductor and souldyer be alwayes in feare to fall into any danger throughe hys faulte For the feate of warre is alwayes doubtfull And men fyght ryght oftentyme for a small matter and for dysdayne And many tymes the smaller nomber for the feare that it had hath vainquyshed the greater that contempnynge the ennemyes kepte not hys order Wherfore it is conuenyent whan we shall enter into the lande of oure ennemys to be ready and hardy but whan it shall comme to the dede men must prepare themselues in feare which doyng we shal be more ready for to assayle our ennemys and more assured to fyght And also we muste thinke that we go not agaynste a cytye weake and vnprouyded so that it cannot reuenge him selfe but agaynst the cytye of Athenes which is prouyded of all thynges And that they be people for to yssue agaynst vs. But at begynnynge as we shal enter into their lande by all meanes as to theyr syghte we woll ennemylike bourne pyllage it For al people that soubdaynely parceyue any thyng not accustomed to be done theyr dommage be moued to wrath and anger And those that do not theyr thynges by reasone ryght oftentymes do ouerthrowe themselues in the affaire as holy furious and madde And it is to beleue that the Athenyans do it more than other people for that that they thinke that it apperteigneth to theÌ„ to gouerne other and to destroye the lande of other men rather than they shuld come to destroye theyrs Wherfore you must followe them that shall conducte youe in thys enterpryse in great esperance of victorye aswel for the vertue and reputacyon of oure auncestres as also for ours And neuertheles hauynge regarde that youe go agaynste a ryght puyssant cytye yâ—ue holde youe alwayes affected and prouyded for all chaunces that might comme And moreouer haue alwayes in remembraunce to be appoincted as apperteigneth euery man for himself and furthermore to kepe youe well and to execute redely that that youe shal be commaunded For it is a fayer thynge and of a greate suertie for a greate bende where there is great nomber of people to see them al appoincted with one obedyence After that Archidamus had this spoken and that the counsayle was resolued he sente again Melesippus sonne of Diacrytus of Sparte to Athenes for to vnderstande yf they wolde not speake more humbly perceyuinge the enemies ready to enter into theyr lande But they wolde not admyt the sayde Melesyppus into theyr senate nor yet into theyr cytye But sente hym from thence agayne wythoute hearynge for that that the opynyon of Perycles was greatest by whiche it was sayde that heraulde nor Ambassadoure shulde be receyued froÌ„ the enemyes sence that they were yssued in armes agaynste them And also they caused to be commauÌ„ded to the sayde Melesyppus to departe theyr lande within a daye and to saye to them that had sente hym thyder that they shulde not sende agayne vnto them any parsone excepte furste that they were retourned into theyr countrey And moreouer gaue hym people for to conducte him backe through theyr countreye and to kepe hym that he spake to no man Who beyng comme to the borders of theyr countreye so as they that conducted hym wolde lycence hym he spake vnto them these wordes wythoute more Thys iourney shal be begynnyng of many greate euyls in Grece And after that he was come agayne to the campe Archidamus vnderstandynge that the Athenyans had nothynge asswaged of theyr hygh courayge caused hys armye to disâ—odge and entred into the lande of Athenyans And on the other syde the Beotiens into the lande of Platee pyllaged it wyth an other bende For the Lacedemomonyans had departed to the Peloponesyans one parte of the hoste and thys was done before that the other were all assembled in the destrait of Peloponese And this much to shew howe they assembled to enter into the lande of Athenes Howe after the perswation and exhortacyon of Pericles to the warre the Athenyans that dwelled in the feldes wythdrewe them selfe and theyr goodes into the cytye and dysposed them selfe vnto the affayres of the warre ☞ The .iiii. Chapter WHan Pericles sonne of Xantyppus the tenth Duke of Athenyans vnderstode that the ennemyes were entred into the sayde lande doubtyng hym selfe for that that Archidamus had bene lodged in hys house that he wolde defende to hys people that they shulde do no dammage to the landes and houses that he had without eyther for curtesye and of hymselfe or elles by commaundement of the Lacedemonyans for to put that same Perycles into suspytion of the people as they were lately minded to do demaundyng that he shulde be dryuen oute of the cytye for to pourge the sacrilege wherof hath bene spoken he aduaunced hymself therof to speake to the assemblye of the cytye Declarynge vnto them though Archidamus had ben hys geste yet that shulde not redounde to the dommage of the cytye And that yf it chaunced that the houses and possessyons of other cytezeins were burned that hys were presarued he wolde geue them vnto the coÌ„munaltye to the entente that no suspytyon shulde be conceyued agaynst hym for that matter And so he exhorted more ouer the people as he had done before to be ready and apparayled for the warre to brynge all
theyr moueable goodes into the cytye to prepare theyr shyppes and other munytyons by sea wherof they were most puyssante to enterteigne into theyr amytie theyr allyes and confederates from whom they had monney for that that the victorye chiefly cometh in feate of warre by force of monney and by good conducte and admynistration shewynge them furdermore that they shulde haue greate confydence in the reuenue that they leuyed yerely by fourme of tribute vpon theyr subiectes and confederates which amouÌ„â—ted to six houndred talentes ouer and aboue the other reuenues that they had in generall And lykewyse they shulde truste to the ready monney whiche they presently hadde in theyr Castelleâ— to the somme of sixe thousande talentes For althoughe that they hadde had for the most tenne thousande three lesse yet the reste was spente at the erectyng of the castell of Propilee and for other buyldinges and also for the warre of Potidee And also they hadde besyde thys greate quantyte of golde and syluer not coigned in dyuers kyndes aswell in generall as in particular besydes the halowed vessels and other ornamentes of temples and that which was deputed to the pompe of playes and besyde that that they hadde wonne of the spoyle of the Medes and many lyke thynges whiche amouÌ„ted vnto no lesse than fyue houndred talentes And besydes all that there were many greate sommes of money in the temples wherewith they might helpe themselfe in necessitie and in extremytie whan the reste shulde fayle they might take the golde wherwith the great Goddesse Dyana was couered which amouÌ„teth as it is sayde to fourty pounde wayght of talentes all fyne golde massis which it shulde be laufull to take for conseruatyon of the comon wealthe in rendryng it alwayes intierly after the warre In suche manner he exhorted them to haue good hope that monney shulde not fayle them And concernynge the force of people he shewed them that they hadde thyrtene thousande warryours besides those that were deputed to the kepynge of places and of walles and forteresses whiche amounte vnto .xvi. thousande For so many there were that kepte watche and warde in the sayde places from begynnynge that the enemyes came into theyr lande comprehended the olde and the yonge and also the straungers that dwelled in the towne all bearynge armure Also they had to kepe the walle whiche is called Phalerius whiche extendeth itself frome the walles of the towne vntyll the sea conteignyng .xxxv. houndred stades of lengthe And the walles in that which was warded conteigne xlin of cyrcuyte For that which was betwene the sayde walle Phalerie and the other that is called the great walle whiche lykewyse extendeth it selfe vntyll the sea conteignynge fourty stades in lengthe was not subiecte to warde the sayde two walles beynge well kepte that were without the cytye And moreouer there was to warde the forteresse of the gate that is called Pyreus which comprehendynge the other adioyninge that is called Munychie conteigneth threskore stades in circuyte the moytie wherof was watched holy by footemen And for thys they had .xii. houndred men at armes and sixtene houndred arbalestrers all horsemen Suche was thapparaile of the Athenyans for trouthe withoute anye thynge therevnto added whan the Peloponesyans entred into theyr lande Perycles made vnto them many other remonstraunces and declarations suche as he had accustomed for to geue them to vnderstande that they shulde haue the better of that same warre After whiche persuasyons they wente all for to fatche theyr goodes into the citye And afterwardes sent by sea theyr wyues theyr chyldren theyr moueables theyr vtensyles and instrumentes the woode of the buyldynges that they had beaten downe and theyr cattell into Eubee and into other yslandes nexte adioynynge Whiche thynge was odible vnto them for that a longe tyme a greate parte of them inhabyted the feldes where they kepte their housholde For suche was alwayes the custome of the Athenyans more than of other people from the furst beginnyng of the citie And from the time specyally of Cecrops and of other furst kynges vntyll Theseus the countreye of Athenes was inhabyted by vyllages boroughs and euery vyllage had hys courte and hys offycers For that that lyuing insuertie without warre they neded not to come to theyr kynges for to coÌ„â—sulte vpoÌ„ coÌ„mon affayres no though there were some that made warre amoÌ„ge theÌ„ as the Eleusins after that Enolphus â—oyned him self with Erechthus But after the Theseus came to the kingdom who was a man puyssaute wytty besydes that that he reduced and refourmed through ciuilitie pollecy many other thynges in the said countrey he abolyshed all his small officers the courtes of the villages bouroughes and caused the people to drawe into the cytye which at thys presente be all vnder one counsaille vnder one courte And constrayned theÌ„ al laborynge their landes as before to chose haue theyr ordinary house in the same citie generally which citie hauyng in his time made great well ordered he left it by successyon vnto them that came after from hande to hande Wherby for remembraunce of the same goodnes at suche daye as that same assemblye and vnyon of the cytye was made the Athenians do yet at this present celebrate a solempne feast yearly in the honour of the goddesse For before that the citie conteigned not but the same which is now the castel that that is aboue on the south syde lyke as the teÌ„ples of the other gods do wytnes which be within the sayde castell and the other that be wtout of the south syde as the same of Iupiter OlimpyaÌ„ of Pythe of Tellus of Bacchus Unto whom was yearely celebrated the feast Bacchanal the tenth day of the moneth Antesterion lyke as the Ionyans who be desceÌ„ded of the AtheniaÌ„s do yet at this preseÌ„t holde it for trouth And many other auÌ„cient teÌ„ples there be in the same place wherin also is the fountayne that is called now sence the rulers haue appointed it the newe coÌ„duictes which auncyently was called Calliroe And men vsed it for that that it was nyghe the place in all great thynges Whereby yet at thys presente the opynyon of the people is that it shulde be vsed in sacrifices specyally in those that be made for maryages And that parte of the cytye that is aboue the castell in the hyghest parte of the towne is yet at thys daye by the Athenyans called the cytye for memory of the antiquite For to retourne than to oure purpose the Athenyans that at begynnynge dwelled in the feldes at theyr playsyr though that afterwardes they were reduced and brought to the cytye yet for the custome that they hadde for to dwelle in the feldes contynued there the more parte wyth theyr housholde aswell of the auncyentes as of the newe citezeins vntyll thys present warre By reasone wherof it was very greuous and not easye for them to drawe into the towne And so muche
to ouerronne the sayde countrey of Megare Sōtyme wyth horsemen and sometyme with fotemen vntill that they toke the cytie of Nysee But that furste yeare whereof we speake they fortefyed wyth walles the cytie of Atalēte And neuerthelas whā it came vnto the ende of the somer they habandōned destroyed yt For that that yt was nighe the Locryans the Opuntyens to the intent that the Corsairyens shulde not haue the commodyte to wythdrawe themselfe thider for to come to ouerronne the coūtrey of Eubee All the whyche thinges were done that selfe same sommer chiefly after that the Peloponesians were departed from the lande of Athens At begynnyng of winter Euarchus Acarnanyan myndinge to retourne into the cytie of Astacte required the Corinthians to delyuer hym fifty shippes and a thousande fyue hoūdredde men armed By whose ayde togither with some that he shulde finde on hys syde he mighte recouer the sayde cytie whiche thinge they did And committed the charge of the said armye to Euphamydes sonne of Aristomynus to Tymoxenus sonne of Tymocrates and to Eumachus sonne of Chrisis who beinge come by sea to the sayd cytie sett the same Euarchus within yt And parforced and aduaunced themselfe in that voyage to subdue certayne townes of Acharnanie whiche were alongest the sea But parceyuynge that they coulde not do yt they retourned fromthence passinge by bifore the Isle they landed nigh to the cytie of Cranye thinking to take yt by composition But they of the towne fayninge to intreate with them came to assayle them beinge vnprouyded and dyd slay one parte of them and the other were constrayned to retyre into theire barques and to retourne into thair countrey That selfe same wynter the Athenyans followynge the auncyent vsage of the cytie made thair publique or opēne obiites or obsequies for them that were deade in that same warre And they were made in this manner Thre dayes bifore there was made a greate tabernacle within the whiche was putt the boones of them that were dead and their parentes frendes might laye vpon thē what they thought good Afterwards euery lignage of the towne or trybe had a great coffer of Cypres Into whiche they did putt the boanes of them that were dead of that trybe and they dyd cary that same cofer vpō a charrett And after all the cofres was caryed vpon an other charrett a great bedde ready made beinge hooly voyde whyche represented them that were dead whose bodyes coulde not be founde And the sayd Charyottes were cōducted and accōpanyd by all sortes of people Citezeins or other those that wold cōme vntill the sepulcre wherat were the wyues and parentes of the deade makinge greate weapinges and Lamentacyons And afterwardes they dyd putt all the sayde cofres in a publique graue or monument made for that purpose in the fayrest suburbe of the cytie the same sepulcre or graue is called Ceramicō wherin was accustomed to be buryed all they that were dead in thair warres reserued thē that were slayn in Marathone To whō for remēbrance of their singuler vertue they wylled to make a particuler sepulcre vpō the self place And after that the corpses were buryedde the custome was that some notable personage of the cytie a man of knowlaige and honnorable according to the qualitie of the deade shulde make bifore the people a preachinge or declaration in thair prayse And afterwardes euery man departed In this manner the Athenyans buryed them that dyed in theire warres so often as the chaunce happened And that tyme Pericles sonne of Xantippus was deputed and chosen for to reherce and propone the prayse of them that were the furst slayne in that warre Who after the solempnyte of the sepulture of buryall acheued and ended mounted or stode vp in a highe chaire in manner that all the people might vnderstande hym well and dyd speake in this manner ¶ The funerall declaration of Pericles ☞ The .vii. Chapter MAny of them that haue herebifore declared in this place greatly haue praysed this custome to reasonne and speake bifore all the people in the praise of them that were dead But it semeth to me to be ynough to declare by deedes the honnour 's and the prayses of theym that by high actes haue meryted them as youe haue sene that hathe bene done in this present solempnyte of publique funeralls And that men shulde not commyt to the discretion of one only man the vertues and prayse of so many valyant people nother yet bileue that whiche he therin sayde were yt good or euyll For it is a thinge very harde and difficile to kepe the meane and reasone in speakinge of suche thinges wherof skarcely may be hadde a certayn opynyon of the trouthe For if that he that heareth it spokē hath knowlaige of the dede and loueth him of whome is spokenne he thinketh alwayes that there is lesse spoken than ought to be And that he willed not And by the coūtrary vnto him that hath no knowlaige it semeth for enuie that he hath that all that whiche is spoken of an other more further than his oune strengthe and vertue can atteigne to ys withoute trouthe For that that euery man thinketh that none shulde prayse nor esteme an other more than himselfe and if a man passe further he is enuied and in nothinge bileued But sithens it hath bene approued and allowed of a longe tyme that it ought to be this done it becommeth me obeynge to the lawe to accommodate apply my speking to the opynyō wille of euery one of you the most y◠I maye begynnyng to prayse our auncesters and progenitours for that that it is a thinge raisonnable and honneste to render in this place this honnour for the memory and recordation of them that furst inhabited and peopled this region And from hande to hande by thair vertue haue lefte delyuered yt vnto th aire discent franke and free vntill this present daye And if they herefore be worthy of prayse our fathers whiche came after be yet more worthy who aboue that that thair auncyentes hadde lefte vnto them haue acquyred and added by th aire labours and vertues all the empire and seignyory that we presently do holde And yet aboue them there in we that be lyuynge specyally in competente aage haue incresed and amplefyed it and also haue prouyded and fournished our cytie with all thinges that be necessary aswell for peace as also for warre And yet I intende not to reherce the great prowesse and valyauntnes that we and our ancesters haue vsed in defending vs aswell agaynst the straungers as againste the Grekes that haue warred vpon vs. By meanes wherof we haue acquired gottonne all our landes and lordeshipps For I wil not be prolixe in those thinges whiche youe do all knowe But after that I shall haue declayred by what witt by what industry and laboure and by what arte our empyre hath bene establisshed and augmented I wyll come to the
euills dommaiges that this pestileÌ„ce caused by occasyon therof bigoÌ„ne one euille custome in our cytie which afterwards exteÌ„ded vnto many other things more great For that that men had presently thaÌ„ no shame to do things openly whiche in tymes paste were wylled not to be done in secret By this that they were kepte and restrayned from wantonnes voluptuousnes For seinge than one so greate and so soubdayne mutation and change of fortune and that they that dyed soubdaynely were verye happy in regarde of them that lauguyshed and were longe in payne The poore people to whome the goodes or ryches came cared not but for to spende it shortely in all thynges of pleasure and voluptuousnes and they thought that they could not do better hauing no hope to enioye it longe but rather attendynge and lokyng to leue them shortly togeders wyth theyr lyfe And there was none that for honnestye though he knewe and vnderstode it that wolde regarde to be wyllynge to enterpryse any honeste thynge wherin there was any care or trauayle hauynge no hope that he shulde lyue so longe as to see it acheued and fynyshed But all that which for the time they founde playsant and delectable for mans appetyte they reputed profytable and honneste wythoute any feare of Goddes or of lawes For that that they thought it to be all one to do yll or good consydered yâ— aswell dyed the good as the euyll and also they hoped not to lyue so longe that punyshment might be taken on them for their mysdedes by iustice but they wayted a greater punishment by the sentence of Goddes which was nowe geuen to wytt to dye of that same pestilence Whervpon sythens it was so they thought that it was beste to employ the small tyme that they had to lyue in makyng good chere and at their pleasure In this calamyte than were the Athenyans that dyed within the citye of the same pestylence and withoute the enemyes put all to fyer and bloude Herevpon they brought many pronostications vnto theyr memory and also auÌ„sweres of the Goddes that had bene made before Whiche they adapted and coÌ„pared vnto thys chaunce But amonge other a verse that the auncyentes sayde to haue harde song in theyr yougth which had bene pronounced by an aunswer or oracle of the goddes in thys substaunce There shall coÌ„me into Dorye warre wyth the lymon wherof was altercation before that thys chaunce happened For some sayde that by thys worde lymon famyne shulde be vnderstanded the other sayde that it wolde signifye pestylence but after that the chaunce was chaunced of the pestylence euery one applyed the worde of the oracle vnto that And in my fantasye yf there yet came any other warre in the countreye of Dorye wyth famyne men wolde applye it aswell to the same there as they dyd vnto thys here They set fourth lykewyse the aunswere that had bene made by the oracle of Apollo to the interrogacyon of the Lacedemonyans touchyng that same warre For hauynge demaunded who shulde haue therin the victory the auÌ„swere of the God had bene that those that shulde make the warre with all their strengthe and that he wolde be theyr ayde And vpon that same aunswere they made lykewyse theyr iudgementes and interpretations For that same pestilence beganne fourthwith as the Peloponesyans were entred that same yeare into the lande of Athenyans And also it dyd no euyll to the sayde Peloponesyans at the leaste whereby it shulde be caused to be estemed And furst it toke in the citie of Athens and after spredde to other townes of the countreye as the same were peopled And this is as touchynge the thynges that happened by the saide pestilence But as concernyng the warreâ— the Peloponesyans after that they hadde all burned and wasted the playne countreye they came into the lande that is called Parolos that is to saye nyghe vnto the sea and wasted it lykewyse vnto the mounte Laurus where there be mynes of syluer and furste they wasted the regyon which is on the coste of Peloponese and after that same that is on the cost of Eâ—bee and of Andre And yet Pericles perseuered styll in the opynyon wherof he had bene the yeare precedynge that no man shulde go fourthe agaynst the ennemys But after that they were entred into the lande of Athenes he caused to prepare a houndred shyppes for to pillage and waste lykewyse in theyr couÌ„trey Into which he caused to be putt foure thousande footemen and vpon other shyppes for to cary horses he caused to be set thre houndred warryours horsemen with theyr horses which shyppes were than furst made at Athens of wood of olde shyppes and in theyr compaignye wente those of Chio and of Lesbos with fyfty other shyppes And Pericles departed from Athens wyth the sayde armye by sea than whan the Peloponesyans were in the region nyghe the sea of Athenes So they came furst to descende into the lande of Epydaure which is in Peloponese the whiche they pyllaged ouerall and assieged the cytye in hope to take it But seynge that they loste tyme they departed from thence and wente into the regyons of Troizenide of Halyde Hermyonide in the whiche they dyd the like as they had done in that same of Epydaure All whiche places be in the countrey of Peloponese on the sea coaste From thence they wente to descende in the countrey of Prasie whiche is in the regyon nyghe to the sea in the countrey of Laconye which countrey they pyllaged togedres with the towne which they toke by force And that done they retourned into theyr countrey of Athenes froÌ„whence the Peloponesyans were than departed for feare of the pestyleÌ„ce whiche had alwayes contynued in the cytye and wythoute ouer the AthenyaÌ„s so long as they were in the sea and that the Pelyponesyans were in theyr lande WhervpoÌ„ those same Peloponesyans vnderstandynge by the prysonners the infectyon daunger of the same pestilence and perceiuing also the burying of the deade departed hastely from the sayd lande after that they had taryed there fourty dayes Durynge whiche tyme they wasted all the same countrey In the same sommer Agnon sonne of Nycias and Cleopompus sonne of Clynyas that were Collegues and compaygnions of Pericles in the leadyng or gouernaunce of the armye departed by sea with that selfe same hooste that Perycles had caryed fourthe and brought agayne for to go against the Chalcydes that be in Thrace And finding in their way the citie of Potydee yet assieged with their people they caused the ingynes of Artillerie to approche to the walles So they battered theÌ„ dyd all their beste to take it But all that newe succoure the other armye that was there before coulde do nothing because of the pestilence that was entred amonge them The which they that came with Agnon had brought For the other had not before parceiued nor felte it which Agnon vnderstandynge that Phormyon that was with in Chalcyde with a
sonne of Sitalces who had bene made cytezein of Athens that he ought to take the sayd Ambassadours other aboue named to rendre them vnto theÌ„ for that that they wente to the kynge for to treate somethyng against the sayd citie At whose persuasyon the sayd Ladocus dyd sende hys men after them Who fouÌ„de them at the sea syde where they were willing to embarque themself from theÌ„ce toke them Afterwardes they brought them backe to the said Sadocus who delyâ—ered theÌ„ vnto the Ambassadours of Athenes and they caryed theÌ„ vnto Athens And sone after the Athenians fearing that Aristeus who had bene cause auctour of all the affaires that they had hadde at Potyde in Thrace shulde yet ymagine moreouer some thynge against them yf he eskaped they caused him all the other to dye the same day wtout any proces without hearing the thing which they wolde declare And afterwardes dyd cast theÌ„ frome the height of the walles downe into the dyches For by that meane they thought with good cause that they did vengeaunce for their citezeins other their allyes marchantes whiche the Lacedemonyans had taken vpon the sea after that they had caused them to dye had lykewyse caste theim into their dytches For from the begynnyng of the warre those Lacedemonians dyd holde for ennemys all those that they did take vpon the sea whyder they helde the partye of Athenians or that they were newter caused them to dye without remissyon Aboute the ende of that same somer the Ambrasiens hauinge taken with them one good bende of straungers wente agaynst the Argyens which be in the countrey of Amphilochie againste all the said countrey for a questyon which they had newly had with theÌ„ And by thys occasyon Amphilochus sonne of Amphiarus who was of the cytye of Argos in Grece at his retourne from the warre of Troye wolde not retourne into hys countrey for the trouble sorowe that he had there so wente to the goulphe of Ambracie whiche is in the countrey of Epyre there made a citie whiche he named Argos in remembraunce of the same wherof he was and he added vnto it for surname Amphilotique he named the whole countreye Amphilochie which was right puyssant of people amonge all the other cities of the countrey of Ambracie But by succession of tyme hauing many questyons with theyr voisins neighbours they were constrayned to retyre and take the Ambracyâ—ns theyr neighbours into their citie compaignye Which brought them thaÌ„ furst the Grekishe language In suche sorte that they all dyd speake that same language For afore they were straungers as the other Amphylocyens yet be the cytye excepted Afterwarde by successyon of tyme the Ambratians chased the Argyues oute of the cytye kepte it alone who beyng expulsed wente towardes the Acarnanyans and gaue them selfe vnto them and altogether to wytt the Acarnanians and the Amphilochiens came to demaunde ayde of the Athenians for to recouer the sayd cytye who sente them Phormio with .xxx. shyppes which toke the cytye and pyllaged it and after lefte it to the Acarnanyans and to the Amphilochiens togethers By occasyon wherof the allyance dyd than furste begynne betwene the Athenyans and the Acarnanyans and the questyon and enemytye betwene the Ambracyens and the Amphilochiens of Argos for that that the same Amphilochiens reteigned at that pryze many prysoners of the sayde Ambratiens who in tyme of thys warre whereof we speake assembled a greate armye aswell of theyr owne people as also of Chaonyens and of other strauÌ„gers theyr neyghbours and wente thyder to descende before the cytye And they pyllaged all the territorye therof But they coulde not take it and so retourned into theyr houses These thynges were done that same sommer At begynnynge of wynter the Athenyans sente twenty shyppes into the countreye of Peloponese vnder the conducte of Phormio who departing froÌ„ the porte of Naupacte watched that no shyppe myght passe nor enter nor also departe fro Corinthe nor from Crissee other sixe they sente vnder conducte of Melessander into Carie and into Lycie for to recouer moneye of them and to defende that the marchaÌ„tes shyppes of the sayde Athenyans shulde not be spoyled and oultraged by theÌ„ of Plaselide and of Phenice Melessander nowe beyng landed in the countrey of Lycie he was by this enemyes vainquished and slayne togedres wyth one part of hys people In the selfe same sommer the Potydyens seyng that they coulde no longer holde and kepe theyr towne agaynst the Athenyans that had so long kepte it assieged for the necessyte of darthe famyne wherin they were whiche was so extreme that amonge other fylthy and abhomynable thynges that they dyd eate there were that dyd eate the one the other and seynge also that for all the warre that was made agaynste the sayde Athenyans that they dyd not retyre from the sayde siege they came to speake wyth the Capytaynes of the said siege for the Athenians which were Xenophon sonne of Eurypedes Eristiodus sonne of Aristocles and Phynomachus sonne of Callymachus and rendred themself vpon these conditions that they of the sayde towne togethers with theyr men of warre straungers shulde departe and comme fourth euerye of the men wyth one garment and the women wyth twayne and moreouer euery one hadde a certayne somme of moneye to go fromthence the whiche composytyon the said capytaynes dyd accepte consyderynge the incommoditie wherin theyr hoste was by reasone of the wynter and also the greate some of monney whiche that same siege had nowe coste whiche amounted to more than two thousande talentes Thus the PotydyeÌ„s departed from thence vnder saulue conducte into the couÌ„trey of Chalcyde euery one the best that he myght wherwyth the Athenians were ryght euyll contented saying that they myght haue had it at theyr wylle and yf they wolde And yet neuertheles they sente thyder of theyr citezeyns for to people and inhabyte it All whiche thynges were done in that same wynter whiche was the ende of the seconde yeare of that warre which Thucidides hath wrytten Howe the citie of Platce was by the Peloponesians assieged battred and assayled and by the cytezeins declared ☞ The .xii. Chapter THe sommer ensuynge the Lacedemonyans and theyr allyes came agayne no more into Attique but they wente before the citie of Platee vnder the conduct of Archidamus king of Lacedrmonians And they hauyng nowe planted their siege before the towne and willing for to pyllage and waste the countrey the citezeins sente their ambassadors vnto them which dyd speake in thys manner Archidamns and you other Lacedemonyans youe do euill and against your honnour and the honnour of your fathers to come enemylyke into oure lande and to assiege our citye For Pausanyas Lacedemonyan sonne of Cleombrotus who delyuered Grece from the domynation of the Medes with the Grekes that toke the adnenture of the bataile in our lande hauynge made
they togither sente to Phormyo that he shulde come to succoure them But he made them annswere that it was not lawfull for him to habandone and departe from the poorte of Naupacte vnderstandinge that the armye by sea of the ennemys shulde departe from Corynthe The Peloponesyans than came with thre bendes bifore the sayde cytie of Stratie beynge determyned to assayle it if those within wolde not render or yelde it Of whyche thre bendes â—pe Chaonyens and other straungers were in that same of the myddest and in the right hande were the Leucadyens with the Anactoriens othere of thair bende and in the laste bende was Cnemus with the Peloponesyans and the Ambrasyens Anâ— the sayd bendes went marchynge by `dyuers wayes so farre distante the one from the other that sometime they of the one bende dyd not se the other And the Grekes went in battaille kepinge theire order for to aduyse bisore all thinges whan they shulde be afore the towne to chose some meteplace to lodge their campe But the Chaonyans trustinge in their force for that that they were holden and reputed most valyant of all the other straungers in that quarter of the mayne lande they wold not haue patience to lodge themself but taking it for shame somuche to cocker themself and hoping with the ayde of other strauÌ„gers that were in their bende to feare the people of the towne with their arryuall and by that meane to take it bifore that the othere shulde there arryue so to haue the hole hounour of that same enterprinse they aduaunsedde themselfe in theire most that they might in suche sorte that they aryued in the sight of the towne a good space of tyme ynough bifore the othere whiche seing the Stratyans deuâ—sed among themselfe that if they coulde discomfytte and ouerthrow that bende the othere woulde feare afterwardes to come thider they set embushementes wythout the towne on that parte therof And after that the Chaonyans were betwene the towne and the Ambusshes they sette vpon them on both sydes so strongely that they dyd put them out of Araye and vnto flighte And so dyd slay many and a great nomber whan the other strangers that came after did see theÌ„ flye they dyd the lyke and so did all flye bifore that the Grekes dyd parceyue yt who thought not that they shulde haue fought but onely haue chosen the place to haue lodged them But whan they sawe theÌ„ so to flye they retyred into their bende And afterwardes they locked themselues togider and taryed there that same daye waytinge if those of the towne wold issue fourth agaynst them which thinge they woulde not do for that that thoder Arcananyans hadde sente them no succoure But onely they dyd throwe againste them wyth castes of slynges where wyth all those of the countrey of Acarnanie do throwe better than the other people Also they were not armed and therfore yt had not bene good for theÌ„ to haue yssued fourth Than Cnemus seinge that they came not fourth whan it did drawe nyghe vpon nyght he withdrewe himselfe in great feare to the ryuer of Anapus whyche is distant from the cytie aboutes four skoore stades And the morowe followinge hauinge recouered the dead men of the Stratyans he retired with his army into the lande of yâ— Eniades who receyued him willingly for the amytye that they hadde with the Peloponesyans and fromthence they departed all for to returne into their houses wtout taryinge the succour that shuld come vnto them And the Stratians did sett vp their Trophe in remembrance of the victorye that they had had agaynst the Barbarous or strangers ¶ Howe the Athenyans had a victory by sea againste the Peloponesians and howe the one partie and the other prepared them selfe for to combattre and fight one other tyme vpon the sea ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter ON the other syde the armye by sea that the Corynthians and othere confederates shulde haue sent out of the goulphe of Crissee to the succours of Cnemus agaynste the Acarnanyens if they woulde comme to succour them of Stratia came not But were constrayned that selfe same tyme that the battaille was bifore Stratia to fyght againste the .xx. shippes that Phormyo helde and kepte to defende Naupacte who spied whan they departed from the sayd goulphe of Crissee for to assaile them in the highe or mayne sea wherof the Athenyans who were not furnyshed to fight but onely had charged the men of warre for to passe with them into Acarnanie doubted not thinkynge that Phormyo that hadde but twenty shippes durste not assaile thairs whyche were seuen and fourty But as they sayled alongeste the coste of Epire for to trauerse into Acarnanye whyche is opposite or directe agaynste yt sawe the Athenyens comme fourth from Chalcide and oute of the floude of Euenus Whoe came dyrectly againste them for though in the nyght they were hydde in a place yet alwayes they were in the moarnynge at breake of daye apparceyuedde And by thys meane the Corynthyans were constraynedde to fight in the myddest of the destracite Nowe the people of euery cytie hadde thair capytaynes And of them of Corynthe were Capytaynes Machon Isocrates and Agatharcydas and so the Peloponesians dyd bringe theire shippes all into a roundell locked togyther the fore partes forwardes and the powpes inwardes keping asmuch space as they might in the sea for to empeshe lett the yssue of ennemys and within that same rouÌ„dell they bestowed the smallest and lightest shipps for to cause theÌ„ to go fourth in short space vpoÌ„ those of theÌ„nemis whan they shulde see it to be mete As touchinge the Athenyans they broughte thair shippes all in a renge And sayled closinge aboutes those of theÌ„nemys faignynge to be willynge fourthwyth to beginne the bataile and in passing beyonde them they approched so strongly that wel nye they hurkeled togider By meane wherof the other ioygned theÌ„self retired always more suerlyer locked in their order But Phormyo had defended or forbydden his men that they shuld not begynne the bataille vntill that he hadde geueÌ„ them a signe or token And this he dydde for that that he thoughte well that the sayde Peloponesyans coulde not maigntayne or contynue that same order with their shippes as they woulde haue done with their foote men on lande And also that the shipps would hurkle togider and woulde empesche th one the other Specially whan the wynde of the lande shulde aryse whyche biganne comeÌ„ly at the breake of the daye whiche he attended makinge in the meane seasonne a bragge or threateninge to be willinge to strike vpon them For he toke it to be full certayne that after that the wynd was rysenne they coulde not be a moment of one houre firme or sure togither that he might than assayle them more at this pleasure for that that his shippes were lightest like as it chaunced For after that the wynd beganne to blowe
I am ambasshedde that there may be any that woll say the contrary to that that hathe bene concluded And will parforce themself to shewe that the iniuryes and offenses of the Mytylenyens be proftita table vnto vs and that oure welthe redoundeth to the Calamytie of our allyes For certaynely whosoeuer wylle maigntaigne that shall shewe openly aither yâ— he wylle for the great confydence that he hath in his wyttes and in his speache cause other to bileue that they vnderstande not the thinges that be clere and manifeste or ells that by meane of some corruption he wyll deceyue youe by his eloquence and fayre speache By suche meanes and dilations the cytie doth proffitt other but she putteth herself in daunger wherof you the other are the cause that naughtely introduced and brought in thies disputations and haue bene accustomed to be regarders of woordes and harkeners of dedes persuadinge your selfe that the matters must chaunce like as he perswadeth youe that speaketh beste And youe holde for more certayne that whiche youe heare spokenne than that you haue sene For you suffre yourself to be led deceiued by artificial speakings And likewise you ar easy to be deceyued by newe wordes harde to execute yâ— whiche hath bene ones approued concluded And by this meane you arne subiectes to vayne thinges and tary to longe in your auncyente customes By meanes wherof euery of youe parforceth himself and studieth to knowe to preache well And those that haue not this eloquence woll followe them that haue it for to shewe that they vnderstande no lesse the matters than they And moreouer if there be any one that speaketh any thinge subtill and apparante youe ar ready to prayse hym and to saye that youe hadde thoughte asmuche bifore that he hadde spokenne yt where youe be slowe and nyce to prouyde for thinges that myghte chaunce in that whereof is spokenne Serchinge by a manner to speake an othere thynge than that whereof ye intreate and vnderstande not sufficiently the matters presente Suffrynge youreselues to be deceyued throughe the volupte and delectation of youre eares as they do that amuse themselfe sonner to heare the sophistes and logycyans to dispute than to heare speake of the affaires of the cytie Frome whyche erroure I wyll take payne to wythdrawe youe in causinge it to appere vnto youe that the cytie of Mytylene is that same that hath done youe a singuler oultrage and displeasure For if there be any cytie that for that he coulde not endure your Empire or that were constraynedde by your ennemys that doeth rebelle agaynste youe I am of opynyon that yt shulde be pardonned But if they that holde an Isle and a cytie very stronge wyth walles whyche fearethe nothynge but on the sea syde and also maye well defende itself hauynge good nomber of shippes tacledde and that be not oure subiectes but be by vs honnored beyonde and aboue all oure confederates haue done it what maye a man iudge anye othere thinge but that it ys a veray imagination against vs. And that yt maye be better saied that they haue moued warre than to saytâ— that they be rebelledde agaynste vs. For those maye be sayed to be rebelles that were constraigned by any vyolence And that whyche more ys to be detestedde and abhorred yt suffysed not them to make vs warre wyth theire owne force but they haue attempted vtterly to destroye vs by the meane of our mortall ennemys wythoute hauinge feare or consyderinge the greate calamytees that be chaunced vnto othere that rebelled againste vs in tymes paste after that we had reduced them to oure subiection And also not fearynge to putt themselfe into newe daungers where they were in reste and in greate felicytie And the audacyte that they haue hadde to enterpryse this warre declareth that they haue greater hope than power and lesse power than wylle wyllynge to preferre theire puyssance bifore reasonne For wythoute beinge in anye thynge offendedde by vs they haue takenne armure agaynste vs for no othere reasonne but for the hope that they haue hadde to vaynquishe and ouertreade vs. So chaunceâ—â—â—e yt oftentymes chiefly in cyties that in shorte tyme doo comme vnloked â—orâ— vnto greate felycitie that they become insolente and prowde And that the prosperyties that happen to men by reasonne and after the common course 〈◊〉 â—hynges be moore fyrme and stable than those that chaunce by fortune and â—eyond thopynyon of the people And by manner of speakynge it is more dyfficile and harde for men to consarue and kepe themselfe in prosperyties than to defende and warde themselfe in aduersities For thys cause it had bene good for the Mytylenyans that we hadde not more honnoured nor estemedde them than oure othere allyes and confederates For than they shulde not haue fallen into so greate oultrecuidance and presumptyon Also it is a naturall thyng to contâ—Ì„pne them to whome a man is bounde and to haue in admyratyon them wyth whoÌ„ they be not bounde Lett vs procure than that thies here be punished according to the greatnes of theire mysdedes and lette vs not pardonne all the people by ymputynge the faulte vnto a small nombre For they haue all wyth one accorde takenne armure agaynste vs. For somuche as if anye particulers woulde haue constrayned them to do it they mighte haue fledde and haue hadde recourse â—nto vs. And if they so hadde doone they myghte nowe haue reâ—ourned into their cytie But they louedde more to putt themselfe in daunger and proue fortune at the appetite of the lesser nombre and by thys meane rebelledde altogiders Youe ought lykewyâ—e as touchyng the surplusage to haue regarde to the consequence of oure other confederatees and aâ—lyes For if we punishe not â—han more that rebelle agaynste vs wyllyngly than those that doo yt by force and constraynete there shal be noo cytie nor towne that for the leaâ—â—e ocâ—asion in the worlde woll not enterpryse to do yt Understandynge that if yt take good effecte they shall abyde in lybertie and if yt take yll they shal be acquitedde good chepe By meanes whereof we shal be in daunger to lose in all the cyties that we haue bothe the reuenue and also the parsonnes For thoughe we shall well take agayne a cytie that rebellethe yette shall we lose oure reuâ—nue for a longe tyme. durynge whiche oure forces shal be one agaynste the othere And if we can not recoâ—er yt wee shall haue theyme there for ennemys besydes the othere that wee nowe haue And moreouer the tyme that wee shulde vse for to warre agaynste our ennemyes we muste employ and occupye to reduce and reâ—ourme our subiecâ—es wherfore it is not expediâ—Ì„te to geue them hope that they may obteigne grace or remyssyon of vs by faire perswations nothere for monney and corruptyon vnder coloure that they haue offendedde by mannes frailtie For they haue not endommaiged vs agaynste their wylles but rather wyllynglye haue conspyred agaynste vs. And that faulte ys
whereunto youe shall doo the hoole contrary through euill counsaille if youe woll slaye vs. For youe oughte to consyder that Pausanias buryed them in this lande as in the lande of frendes and amonge his allyes wherfore if youe slaye vs and geue our lande to the Thebayns what other thinge shall youe do but depryue vs youre ancesters parentes of the honnors that they haue and leue them in the lande of theire ennemyes that haue slayne them And moreouer bringe into seruytude that land in the whiche the Grekes haue recoueredde their lybertie And also you shall leue the temples of the goddes desart and not inhabyted wherin they haue made the vowes by vertue wherof they haue vainquishedde the Medes And youe shalle take the furste aulters from them that haue founded and edified them whiche shal be certaynely lordes Lacedemonyans a thynge abatinge and farre inconuenyent vnto youre glory to manners and common lawes of Grece For the memory of youre progenytours and oure saruyces and merytesâ— to haue slayne vs wythoute beynge by vs offended through the hatred of othere And yt shulde be muche more conuenable for youe to pardone vs and aswaginge your angre and displeasure to suffre yourself to ouercome by a modestuous mercy Consideringe and settinge bifore youre eyes what euills youe shall do and to what sort of people And that suche calamyttes do very often chaunce to people that haue not deserued them wherfore we praye you lyke as bicommeth vs and as necessitie constrayneth vs callynge to our aide the goddes of our particuler temples and those that be comon to all Grece that youe vouchesaulfe to receue vs frendelye and to cease youre displeasure at oure requestes and declaratyons and haue remembraunce of youre auncesters For whose memorye and sepulcres we requyre youe callynge theyme vnto oure ayde euenne deade as they be that you wyll not to putte vs into the subiectyon of the Thebayns nor delyuer your ancyente frendes into the handes of youre naturall ennemys Aduertysinge youe that the selfe daye wherein we were in daunger to suffre extreme euyll ys that same onely wherein we dydde so manye fayre actes wyth your ancestres But forsomuche as to a people that be in suche myserye and necessytye as we bee it ys a myserable thynge to make an ende of theire speakynge thoughe that yt preuayleth nott to vse yt by necessytye insomuche as afterwardes whan they haue donne they attende and looke for the extremytie of deathe yet in ceasynge too speake wee saye to youe that we haue not rendredde oure cytie vnto the Thebayns For rathere we woulde haue enduredde to dye by famyne or by othere shamefull death But it is to youe lordes Lacedemonyans for trouthe to whome we be rendredde puttynge oure truste in youre faythe Wherefore if wee cannot obteygne oure requeste reasonne wylle that ye serte vs agayne in that state wherin we were to wytt in daunger of that which might chaunce vs puttynge youe agayne in remembrance that frome youre handes youe doo not coÌ„mytt into the same of the Thebayns oure mortall ennemyes vs the Plateens whyche haue bene alwayes affectyonedde to all the Grekes and that haue rendredde themselfe vnder youre parte and to youre mercye Butt rathere to be authors of oure weale to the ende that men may not say that you that preteÌ„de to putte all the Grekes in libertie haue vtterlye abolyshedde and extinguishedde vs. In suche manner spake the Plateens Than the Thebayns fearynge lest the Lacedemonyans shulde be mouedde wyth their speakynge to graunte theyme somme thynge demaundedde to be lykewyse hearde For somuche that in theire opynyonne to muche audyence and too longe delaye was grauntedde to the sayd Plateens for to aunswere to the interrogation that was made vnto them And after that lycence was grauntedde them to speake they beganne in this manner ¶ The oration and speakinge of the Thebayns agaynst the Plateens and howe they were destroyed and slayne ☞ The .x. Chapter WE hadde not requyred this audyence lordes Lacedemoniens if this people here hadde aunsweredde briefly to the interrogation made vnto them and if they hadde not tourned their talke agaynste vs by chargynge and blamynge vs and excusynge themselfe wythoute purpose where no manne accusedde them and highly praysynge themselfe where no man blamed them But nowe we be constrayned partly to denye and partly to faulsefie that whyche they haue sayde To the ende that their oultrecuidance and presumptyon proffytte not them and oure scilence and pacience hurte vs. And afterwardes youe shall iudge who shall haue sayde the trouthe And furst the cause of oure enmytie muste be consyderedde whyche ys for that that hauynge foundedde and peopled the cytie of Platee the laste of all the othere that be in oure contrey of Beoce wyth certayne other townes whych we had wonne oute of oure sayde countrey and peopledde wyth oure people chasinge fromthence those that were there before thies here onely frome the beginninge disdaigned to be vnder oure empyre and woulde not obsarue ouâ—e lawes and ordinaunces whyche all the othere Beotians did holde and kepe And parceyuing that we woulde constrayne them therunto they rendred themselfe to the Athenyans throughe whose helpe they haue done vs very many dommages wherof they haue bene well recompensed But touchinge this that they say that whan the Medes entred into Grece they onely amonge all the Beotiens woulde not take theire partie whyche is the matter whereof they aduaunte themselfe and that they reproche vs the more wee confesse truely that they did not take parte with the Medes forsomuche as the Athenians did not take it But by the same reasonne we saye that whan the Athenyans haue holden against al the Grekes they onely amoÌ„ge all the Grekes haue bene on their parte And also it is to be consideredde howe we did that than and howe they haue at this presente done thys For oure cytie at that same tyme was not gouerned by a lawfull pryncipalite of a small nomber of lordes nor yet by the comon state but by an othere fourme of lyuinge whyche is ryght odyous both to all lawes and to all cyties And differeth not muche from tyrannye to wytt by the puyssance of certayne paâ—ticulers who trustynge to enriche themselfe if the Medes hadde obteigned the victory constraigned vs to take their partie whyche thynge neuerthelas the cytie for trouth did not vnyuersally wherfore it shulde haue no reproche not beinge than in her lybertie But sens that it toke againe and recouered her lybertie her ancyent lawes after departure of the straungers It is to be consideredde that whan the AthenyaÌ„s had assaulted Grece would haue subdued our couÌ„trey vnto their domynyon in dede whan they occupyed one parte therof throughe occasion of cyuyll dissensions we after the victory that we had against them at Cheroneus haue not onely deliuered all the land of Beoce out of their seruitude but also nowe of a franke courage we be ioyned wyth youe to delyuer the
remnant of Grece from seruitude In contrybutinge as greate nomber of people aswell fotemen as horsemen as any other cytie of Grece And this ys suffycyente for to purge and clere vs of the cryme that they obiecte agaynste vs to haue takene parte wyth the Medes But we woll payne oureselues to shewe that youe Plateans haue more greatly offended Grece and be worthy of greuous punishment Youe saye that for to reuenge youe of vs ye became allyes and burgeoses of the Athenyans Than were it conuenyent that youe shulde haue aydedde the sayde Athenyans agaynste vs onelye and not agaynste all Grece consyderinge that if they woulde haue constrayned you to yt ye might haue had the Lacedemonyans that wolde haue defended and saued youe for the allyance chiefly that was made betwene youe against the Medes wherof youe make so great a buckler and defence whyche also had bene suffycient to defende you agaynst vs if we wolde haue wronged you wherfore wythoute any doubte youe haue wyllingly chosen the parte of the Athenyans And after ye excuse yourselfe sayinge that yt had bene shame for you to habandonne them that meryted well towards you But it was muche more shame to youe to forsake for them all the othere Grekes wyth whome youe hadde made othe and allyance than the Athenyans alone And them that wolde haue deliuered Grece frome seruytude than those that woulde brynge yt into bondage wherein ye haue nott rendredde saruyce egally nothere withoute youre shame Forsomuche as if they come to youre ayde beynge by youe requyred yt was to defende youe lyke as youe youreselfe confesse But ye arue comme to theirs for to wronge othere And yet neuerthelas it is lesse dishonneste not to rendre saruyce and pleasure in like case where one oughte to do it by good reasone and iustice then onelye to wylle to acquite it with an euille and vniuste quareile Than hauinge done the contrarye youe haue suffycientlye declaredde that the same whiche youe onelye amonge all the Beotieus didde in resistynge againste the Medes was nott onely for loue of the Grekes butt rathere for that that the Athenyans did take the contrarye part fauourynge alwayes that whyche they haue donne agaynste all the othere Grekes And nowe youe wyll that those agaynste whome ye haue bene wyth all youre power at the desyre and for the quarelle of othere shulde doo youe good whyche ys a thynge vâ—reasonable But rathere it is conuenient that sence youe haue chosen the Athenyans parte that they ayde youe if they maye And it auaileth not that youe allege the confederation that was made in that same tyme of the Medes for to helpe youe wyth Consyderedde that youe haue vyolatedde and brokenne yt by geuinge ayde and succours to the Eginetes And to certayne othere that shulde haue bene subdewedde at the leage of Grece And thys youe dydde not for anye constrayncte as wee dydde takynge parte wyth the Medes butt youe haue done yt with youre good wylle beynge alwayes in youre lybertie and lyuynge after your lawes lyke as youe doo at thys present daye And also youe haue nott regardedde the laste requeste and sommoâ—s that was made vnto youe byfore ye were assyegedde to wylle youe to be newter and to lyue in reste and peace Thanne what be all those amonge all the Grekes that may be more worthy to be hayted than youe that woulde shewe youre valyauntnes and employe all youre power to their dammage Declarynge by thys clerelye that if youe haue at any tyme bene good as youe haue sayde it was not of nature For the true inclynation of people is knowin whan yt ys permaneâ—te by nature as yours hath bene to perseuer wyth the Athenyans in thys vniust and dampned quarell And it ys ynough for to shewe that we followedde the partie of the Medes agaynste oure wylle that youe haue folowedde that same of the Athenyans wyllinglye As touchynge that whyche youe haue sayde afterwardes that we haue wrongedde and assaulted youe and your cytie vniustly on your festiuall day and durynge the treatie of peace we aunswere youe that euenne in this we iudge that you haue more failledde and offendedâ— than we For if whan we came vnto youre cytie we had geuenne it assaulteâ— or had destroyed your landes and houses beynge in the feldes it mighte well haue bene sayed that we did youe iniurie But if any your citezenis that were moost noble and richeste of the cytie for that they desyred to withdrawe you from the alliance of strauÌ„gers and to come to the commen lawes of the Beotiens came to requyre vs to go thyder what iniurie haue we done for if iniurie be therin committed it ought to be rather imputed to them that ledde our people and not to them that were ledde though that in our opinyon there was no offence naither on th one syde nor of the other Considered that they that were Cytezeins as well as you and had more to lese then youe dyd openne vs the gates and dydde lette vs into the Cytie and that not ennemylyke but peasablie for â—o geue order that those amonge youe that were worste shulde not be more euell and they that were good shuld be honnored accordinge to their deserte And so we came more for to moderate your wylles then to extermyne hurte youre parsons And in reducyng you to the furst and auncyent fraternitie that we had togyders we wolde that you shulde not haue had enmitie to any parson of the world but that ye shuld haue lyued in good peace amitie with all meÌ„ And we shew well that it was our mynde for whan we were within your towne we did not any acte of enmitie nother of violence to anye parsone but we cawsed to be publysshed with the sounde of trompette that all they whiche wolde lyue after the common lawes of the Beotiens shulde retyre vnto vs wherunto ye agred wyllyngly and came to treate and common with vs. But afterwardes seing that we were in small nombre you entreated vs not after that sort yea though ye than shuld myght haue had colour to pretend that we had oultragyouslye vsed you to enter into your Cytie without knowlaige and consent of the people For you dyd not perswade vs by wordes and exhortacions to departe out of your Cytie and not there to innouate or establysh any custome wythout setting vpon vs ennemylyke as you haue done But contrary to the apoynctement and conuenaunt that we had coÌ„cluded togyders ye came to assaâ—lte vs furyously yet notwithstanding we aske none amendes for them that were slayn at that same conflycte for it maye be sayde that they in some maner were slayne by right of warre But for them that yelded them selfe vnto you and that ye dyd take lyuyng promisinge to saue their lyues we maynteygne that you caused them to dye vngracyously and noughtely and that you dyd withoute any doubte an vniust vngentle acte in thre maners within a very smal
people shulde comme to their ayde fearinge that Eurylochus with the compaignie that he hadde myghte not passe throughe the contrey of Acarnanyans and comme to ioygne wyth theym And that by that meane they shulde be by force constrayned to fight wythoute hym orells to retyre wyth greate daunger Beinge than Eurylochus and the Peloponesians that were wyth hym aduertised of thenterpryse of the said Ambracians they departed frome the place of Proschie where he had lodged his campe for to come ioigne with them And leuing the way of Argos he passed the mountaigne of Achelous and came through the quarter of Acarnania where was no men of armes hauing on the right hand the cytie of Stratie wherin was a good garnysone and on the lefte hande the reste of all the countrey of Acarnanie And whan he had passed through Pythius and through the confins and borders of Medeone and after throughe Lymnee whiche all were of the lande of the saide Acarnanyans he entrede into the lande of the Argaens which were no more of Acarnanie but were frends of the Ambracyans And hauing trauersed the mouÌ„t Thyamus whiche ys all sterile and barone he came by night into the cytie fro Argie And frome thence passed bitwene the said cytie and the conntrey of Acarnanians priuelye and secreatly in suche manner that at the breake of the day he came to ioigne with the Ambracyans and all togiders wente to lodge themself bifore the Cytie that ys named Metropolis Sone after the twentye galleys withe Athenyans that were in Peloponese commynge to the succours of them of Argos aryued in the poorte of Ambracie And fourthewithe Demosthenes withe two houndred souldyars Messenyans all welle armed and thre skoore Aâ—chers Athenyans togider with them that were for defence of the saide galleis landed came to make a courâ—e bifore Olpas And on the otherside the Acarnanyans and one parte of Amphilochians for the other parte was occupied against the Ambracyans beinge arryued at Argos prepared themself for to go to fight with the ennemy And vnderstanding the coÌ„ming of Demosthenes they came to ioigne with him and made him their Capitain with the capytains that they had of their countrey who came to plante his caÌ„pe nighe inough to Olpas to the campe of the ennemys so that there was but one valley bitwene both that defended empesched them fyue dayes to fight The sixt daye they prepared them self for to geue battell on both sides But for that the PeloponesiaÌ„s were much more mightie in nomber of people than the other Demosthenes fearinge to be inclosed with the multitude of enemys dyd set in a lowe way couered with thicke bushes an embushemeÌ„t of four houÌ„dred men all wel armed also armed lightlye To whom he coÌ„maunded that whan they shulde see that the battayle was bigonne they shulde issue fourthe and come to stryke with great force vpon the backes of the ennemys And with the reste he ordeyned his battaille as he thought good and put himself in the righte winge with the Messenyans and a small noÌ„bre of Athenians that he had And on the lest winge he putte the Acarnanyans euene as they were armed togithere wyth the Amphilochians whiche were all people of shott On the other side the Peloponesians and the Ambracyans were all myngledde the one wythe the othere resaruedde the Mantynyans whyche were altogider on the lefte syde not at the extremytie and wythe the poyncte but more forewardes For in that wynge Eurylochus hadde bestowed hymselfe wyth the people dyrectely agaynste Demosthenes who was in the ryghte wynge on the othere syde wyth the Messenyans The battaille than beinge bigonne and they that were in the ambushemente parceyuynge that the Peloponesians that were on the lefte hande enuironedde and wente aboute to enclose the Athenyans that were on the other syde on the ryghte wynge came to charge vpon them at their backes so that they causedde them to forgette their vertue and dydde putte theym into dysorder and flyghte And so shewedde the waye to the greateste parte of the othere that were wyth theym in the ryghte wynge to flye as they dydde For seing that same bende that Eurylochus conducted which was the strongest in disorder they lost their courage to defende themselfe And yet neuerthelas the Ambracians that were in the ryght wynge repoulsed their ennâ—myes in theire parte and chased them to the cytie of Argos For also the same Ambracyans be better warryours than any of their neighbours But as they retourned frome the chase seinge theire compaignyons almoste all destroyed and thennemys that came strayghte vpon theym they retyred wyth greate payne and danger into Olpas And also there were many slayn for that that they kept not order resarued the Mantynyans which kepte alwaye their order in retiring themselfe And the battaille cessed nighe vpon the night The morowe after Menedeus that was that night chosen capytayne in stede of Eurylochus that was deade founde hymselfe in greate difficultie and perplexitie of that whiche he had to do For through the destruction that had bene great on his syde he sawe nott the meane to defende the towne beinge assieged by sea by land nother to retyre wythoute greate daunger For thys cause he sente to Demosthenes and Capytains of the Acarnanyans for to demaunde the corpses of theire men that were slayne and also that those that were in the towne men of warre mighte depart fromthence wyth their baguage saued who rendred vnto them their corpses and caused those to be buryed that were slayne on their parte which were about thre houndred And afterwardes they dyd sett vp their Trophee in token of victorye but as touchinge the lycence to depart they woolde not graunte it openly but refused and denied it generally to all Notwithstandinge they graunted yt secretely to the Mantynians and to all the Peloponesians that were of any estimation Myndinge by that meane to separate the Ambraceans froÌ„ all the souldiors straungers and also to diffame the Lacedemonyans and Peloponesians vnto all the Grekes as faynte harted traitors to make their appoinctemente wythoute comprehending therin their allyes Than they that were in the town hauynge engraued and buryed their deade with the most hast that they might those that had obteigned lycence to departe treated togithere secretely the manner of their departure Durynge this tyme Demosthenes and the Acarnanyans were aduertysed that the Ambracyans whyche were departed from their cytie for to comme to the succours of their people that were at Olpas accordinge to the comaundement geuen vnto them at the begynning lyke as hath bene bifore sayde were vpon their iourney for to come thider throughe the countrey of Amphilochiens wythout that they had knowlayge of the newes of the destruction of their sayd people So he sent parte of his menne to kepe the passages and the stronge wayes And the remenant of hys people he ordeined for to succour them there and to sett
temples of Athens were those whiche Demosthenes alone had for his parte whyche he dyd geue after that he was retourned whych thing he dydde more assuredly by meanes of that victorye than he durste haue done bifore by cause of the ouerthrowe that he had hadde in Etholie After that the twenty galleys of the Athenyans were retourned to Naupacte and Demosthenes wyth the bende vnto Athens the Acarnanyans and the Amphilochâ—aÌ„s made appoinctement wyth the Ambracyans by meane of Salynthius kinge of Agriens for an houndred yeares to comme and gaue suertie to the Peloponesians that were retyred into Agride confusedly or myngled togyders with the Ambracyans for to retourne And the fourme of the appoinctmente was thisâ— that the said AmbracyaÌ„s shuld not be bounde to make warre with the AcarnanyaÌ„s against the Peloponesians Nor the AcarnanyaÌ„s with the Ambracyans against the Athenyans But only they were bound to ayde themself the one the other for the defence of their lande alonely moreouer that the Ambracyans shuld rendre restore to the Amphilochiens all the townes and landes that they helde of theirs that they shulde not geue any ayde supportacion or fauour to the AnactoriaÌ„s who were ennemys of the Acarnanyans Upon thys condition they ceased from warre on the one syde and on the other Anone after arryued Xenoclides sonne of Entycles with thre houÌ„dred men that the Corinthians had sent to succoâ—r the sayd Aâ—bracyans who with greate difficultie had passed through the couÌ„trey of Epyre. Thus passed the things that were done at Ambracie In that same wynter the Athenyans that were in Sycille being landed and entred into Hiemereus on the sea syde and the Sycilyans on the coste of the mountaignes and hauyng there made somme bowtie and praye and fromthence hauynge passedde by the Isles Eolydes they came agayne to Rhege In whych place they founde Pythodorus whome the Athenyans had sent for to be Capytaynes of that same thair army in stede of Laches For the souldyars Athenyans that were in that same armye and also the Sicilians that were with them had demaunded of the Athenians greater succours for that that the Syracusains beynge mightyer than they by lande yt were necessarie that they shulde be soo mightye by sea that they might defende themselfe frome beynge ouâ—traged For this cause the Athenyans had charged foortyshipps with men for to send thider thinkinge that that same warre shuld be the soner fynyshed Whereof they had onely sente one lesser parte bifore by Pythodorus for to see and vnderstande the estate of causes after they shuld sende hym Syphocles sonne of Sestratides with the remnaunte Beynge than Pythodorus arryued and hauynge takene the charge of the armye he wente froÌ„ thens to succour the cytie of Locres which Laches had taken But he was encoÌ„tred and vainquished by the Locryens so retourned The furst sprynge tyme ensuinge the fyer yssued out of the mountayne of Ethna which is the greatest that ys in Sycille lyke as it had oftentimes done in tymes passedde and yt burnedde a litle of the terrytory of Catagna which is situated vnder the said mountaigne And by that that the people of the conntrey did say yt was fyftie yeares passedde sens the fyer came fourth in that same sorte And yt was the thirde tyme in all that that had chaunced in Sycille sens that the Grekes were come thider for to inhabyt furst Thies be the thinges that were done that same yeare whiche was the sixte yeare of that warre that Thucydydes hath wryttone ☞ Here endeth the thirde boke of the historie of Thucydydes and the fourth begynneth Of certayne exploictes of warre that were done betwene the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans And specyally howe the place and Islande of Pylus was assieged by the Peloponesians and how the truse was made betwene them that were in the armye ☞ The furst Chapter IN the beginning of the sommer followynge whan the corne begynneth to eare tenne shippes of the Syracusains and asmanye of the Locryans dyd take the cytie of Messine in Sycille from the Athenyans Through conspyratie of the Cytezeinsâ— that had called them thider whiche enterprise the sayd Syracusains dyd for somuche as seinge that same towne to be very propyte mete for the sayd Athenyans for to enter into Sycille they feared that by meane thereof they woulde lande there wyth greater strengthe and from thence wold come to assaille them and the Locriens to haue meane for to assaille on bothe sydes theym of Rhege that were their ennemys whyche thynge they dydde incontynently after and also to the ende that they shulde not geue succours to the sayd Messenyans And moreouer they were therunto sollicyted by certayne cytezeins of Rhege who beinge bannyshedde and fledde from their cytie were retyredde to Locres For the sayde Cytie of Rhege hadde longâ— bene in greate deuysyons by meanes wherof they coulde not than defende them agaynste the sayde Locryens who seinge the the oportunytie came then to assaile them and aftere that they had ouerronned and pyllagedde all thair terytorie they retyredde wyth theire men on foote by lande into theire countreye For the shyppes wherin they were come were gone to Missena for to ioygne with the other that shulde be there assembled for to make warre on that side In that selfe seasone bifore that the coarne was rype the Peloponesians entered a fresh into the lande Atticque vnder the coÌ„ducte of Agis sonne of Archidamus kynge of Lacedemonyans and pyllaged yt after the accustomedde manner On the othere side the Athenyans sente foorty shippes wyth newe strength into Sycylle whereof they commytted the conducte to Eurimedon and to Sophocles wyth the other that already were there Among whom was Pythodorus and commaunded them in thair waye to geue comforte and succoure to the Corcyriens agaynste th aire bannyshed men whiche kepte them selfe in the mountaignes and warredde vpon them wythout and also agaynste lx shyppes that the Pelloponesians hadde sente agaynste theym that were in the saide cytie trustynge to take it by famyne for that that it nowe was in great skarcytye of vyctualles And also grauntedde to Demosthenes who hadde sens hys retourne frome Acarnanie tarryedde at Athens wythoute any charge and desyeredde greately to haue some to vse the saide foorty shyppes aboute Peloponese as he shulde thincke good Beynge than arryued in the countreye of Lacaonie in passynge theire iourney and vnderstandynge that the saide Pelloponesians shyppes were alreadye arryued in the goulphe of Corcyre they were of dyuers opynyons amonge themself For Eurymedon and Sophocles were determyned to go fourthwythe to Corcyre But Demosthenes saide that they shuld furste go to take Pylus and hauinge geuen order there to drawe vnto Corcyre and yet neuerthelas seinge that the other two persysted and contynewed in their opynyoÌ„ he commaunded them so to do In thys debate there came soubdaynly a tempeste of the sea that constrayned them to drawe to the sayde place of Pylus And than
by sea and by lande And that done holdynge the sayd cytie of Rhege whiche standeth vpon a rocke or promontory on the sea frome the coste of Italie and kepynge Myssena whyche is dyrectly agaynste yt on the other syde of the sea in the Islande of Sycile they mighte easely defende that the Athenians shuld not passe through the distreate of Far that separateth Italy from Sycile whyche is called Charibdis And it is saide that Ulysses passed that same way commynge from Troye And not wythout cause it is so named forsomuche as it falleth ympetuously and furyously through the straites that be betwene the sea of Sycille and the sea named Thirrene And the Syracusains came thider aboute night wyth their allyes hauynge in al a few more than thirty shippesâ— for to geue the battaille to the Athenyans who hadde .xvi. of theirs and eyght of the Rhegyans But the Athenyans had the victorie And did putt the Syracusains to flyght Who saued themself euery man the best that he coulde at Myssena And yet neuerthelas there was no losse but of one only ship by reasone that the night departed them And after that same victory the Locrians that kepte their campe bifore the cytie of Rhege dyd rayse it vp retourned into their countrey But sone after the Syracusains and their allyes assembled agayne theire shippes and wente into Pelloride whyche is in the terrytorye of Myssena hauynge there their fotemen At whyche place beynge also aryued the Athenyans and Rhegyans and seinge the sayd ships of the Syracusains voide thâ—y came to assaille them But hauing entred one of the same and fastened it to one of theirs with graspes of yrone they loste theirs howbeit the people that were within it did saue themself by swymmynge And although that as the Syracusains that were nowe entred within it did make towardes Myssena the Athenyans came a freshe to assaile them thinkinge to recouer the shyp yet they were beaâ—en of and repoulsed and also loste one othere of their shippes And by thys meane the Syracusains though that they had bene vainquished at the other battaile wythdrewe themself with their honnor vnto Myssena wythout hauynge more losse than the ennemyes And the Athenyans retired vnto Camerin being aduertysed that a burgeois of the towne named Archias wyth hys accomplices wold reÌ„der that same towne fro the Syracusains In thies countrechaunces al the people of Messena yssued fourth aswell by seaâ— as by lande for to go againste the cytie of Naxe in the countrey of Chalcyde whyche is in the terrytorye oâ— the sayd Messanyens And the Naxians beinge the furst day yssued to mete them by lande they were repulsed vntill wtin their portes And the Syracusains did geue themself to pillage their landes aboute the towne afterwardes they assieged yt And on the other side the morowe following those that were in the sea sailed for to aryue at the ryuer of Acesine where they laÌ„ded and made a great pray in that same quarter whych â—arceyued the Sycilians that kepte themself in the mounteignes assembled togider and came to discende into the countrey of Mamertayns and frothence they came for to succour the said Naxians who after that they parceyued them coÌ„myng recouered their courage they exhortinge the one the othere thynkyng that it had bene the Leontyns and other Grekes dwellinge in Sycille that were come to succour them they issued afreshe out of the towne with such â—trength that they caused the Mamertayns to flye dyd slay of them more than a thousand and the other had much payne for to saue theymselfe For the straungers and paysans that kept the wayes passages did kylle many of them And the shippes that were retyred vnto Messene saylledde euerye one into hys quarter through occasion wherof the Leontyns and their allyâ—s wyth the Athenyans enterprysed to assiege Messena For that that they well parceyued that it was sore decayed And so the Athenyans came by the one syde of the sea to assiege the walles But the Messenians with a bende of Locryans that was remayning there for to kepe the cytie vnder the conducte of Demoteles sett vpon them as they were in the landeâ— put them to flight and so did slaye many of them whyche seynge the Athenyans yssued out of their shippes for to comme to succour them And charged vpon the Mamertyns in suche sorte that they repoulsed and dyd dryue them backe euen into the the towne Afterwardes leauynge their trophee for a signe of victorie they retourned to Rhege After that the Grekes that inhabyted Sycille wythout anny ayde of the Athenyans prepared and gaue themself to make warre th one agaynst thoder Howe the Athenians hadde the victorie at Pylus ☞ The .iiii. Chapter THe Lacedemonyans than holdinge theire siege bifore Pylus and their people wythin the Islande being assieged by the Athenyans like as hathe bene aboue declaredde the armye of the Athenyans was in greate perplexytie and necessytie of victuailles and of freshe water for there was but one onely well which was in the toppe and height of the towne of Pylus whiche was also very smal In such maner that they were constrayned to dygge at the ebbyng of the sea wythin the sande Whereout they dyd drawe suche water as might be drawin out of suche a place and as for the rest the place where they kept their campe on lande was veary small and the shyppes were not seure in the rode By meane wherof some of them kept along the land for to recouer vyctuaâ—les and the other dyd ancre in the meane sea And moreouer they had greate displeasur and werynes for that that the affayre indured longer than they thought frome the begynnynge that yt shuld haue done For they thought ernestly that those that were wythin the Islande not hauynge vyctuaâ—les nor freshe water coulde not so longe defende yt as they dyd by the prouysion that the Lacedemonyans dyd ordeyne for to succour them Who dyd yt to be knowin by publique and open proclamacyon that whosoeuer wolde carrye to them that were wythin the Islande meate breade wyneâ— fleshe or othere victuayles shulde haue a certayne greate some of monnye And yâ— he were a bondeman he shulde haue lybertye By meane wherof many dyd put themselfe in daunger to carry yt thyder And cheifly the sklaues for the desyre that they had to acquire and gett lybertye And they passed by the sea of Peloponese into the sayde Islande by all meanes that they myght and the more parte by nyghte and by yâ— coste of the meane sea and pryncypallye whan the wynde came frome the sea agaynste the land For by the same they came easely wythout beynge perceyued by the gallyes of the ennemyes that kepte the waâ—che for that that they coulde nott well kepe aboute the Islande whan that same wynde reygned And for them that came vnto the Islande yt was aduantagyous on that syde for that that yt chased them vnto yt And moreouer they that
.xx. dayes that the Ambassadours went to Athens for the appoictmeÌ„t The rest of the time they liued with that that was brought them secretly And so there was founde in their campe wheate othere victuailes which they had yet in stoare For Epitadas departed them so as was requisitt for the necessitie In this manner departed the Athenyans and the Lacedemonyans froÌ„ Pylus and euery one weÌ„te to his houseâ— And the promes that CleoÌ„ had made that to AtheniaÌ„s at his departure though it were folish glorious was parfourmed accomplished For he broughte the ennemyes prisonners to Athens within the space of twenty dayes lyke as he had promysed whiche was the furste thynge that happened in that warre agaynst the opinyoÌ„ of all the Grekes For they neuer thought that the LacedemonyaÌ„s nother for famyne nor for other necessitie that they might haue wolde haue rendred their armure But rather than they wold do that to fyghte vntill the death And if those that yelded themself hadde bene lyke vnto them that hadde bene slayne they hadde not bene so rendredde whereby it thereupon chauncedde after that they were brought to Athens that one amonge them beinge asked by an Athenyan in manner of derysion and mockage if those that were slayne of theire compaignie were people of estymacyon he aunsweredde hym in thys manner That the distaff was muche to be made of if it knewe men of honestie wylling by the distaff to signefie the arowe and shott And to say that those that were dead of their coÌ„paignions were slayne by strokes of shot so as they came at aduenture wherefore it coulde not be iudged if they dyed villaynously or no. Being than the sayd prisoners brought to Athens it was ordeyned that they shuld be kepte in good prysons vntill that some appoinctement were takene wyth the Peloponesians And if in the meane seasone they came to ouerronne their lande that they shulde be all slayne To the reste the Athenyans did leaue their garnysone at Pylus And moreouer the Messenyens sente thider from Naupacte some of their people suche as they thought moste conuenient and mete for to be in that same place For that that whaÌ„ Messena was in his entier that same place was of his terrytorye And they that kept it were robbars and theues and wente pillinge and robbing the countrey of Laconie and did there many other mischeues somuche more easie for that they did speake one self language Of thys warre the Lacedemonyans were astonied for that they they were not accustomed to make it of like sorte And also of this that their skâ—aues rendred themself to the ennemys So they sente secretely Ambassadours to the Athenyans for to vnderstande and knowe if â—hey might recouer Pylus and their prysonners But the Athenyans who desired and affected greater thinges after mamy goynges and commynges sente them agayne wythout doynge any thynge This ende hadde the affayres at Pylus ¶ Of a victorie that the Athenyans hadde agaynste the Corynthians in their lande ☞ The .v. Chapter INcontynetly after that victorye that same sommer the Athenyans wente agaynst the countrey of Corynthyans wyth foore skoore galleis caryinge a thousand fotemen all Athenians And in the other plat ships they caryed two houndred warryours beinge hoorsemen And besydes this they had in their compaignie the succours of Milesyans of Andryens and of Caristians Of the whyche armye Nycias sonne of Nyceratus wyth two other compaignyons was capytain So they kept along the lande betwene Cherronese and Rhite And parceued themself at dawning of the day to be foranempste one small mountaigne named Soligius Whyche hauynge in tymes paste bene fortefyed by the Doryens made there from warre againste the Eolyans that were wythin the cytie of Corinthe And there is at this presente daye a Castelle that hath the selfe name of the mounteigne whiche is distant frome the sea syde wherby the galleys did passe aboute twelue stades from the cytie of Corinthe aboutes thre skore and from the distraict twenty To whyche distreate the Corynthians that were aduertised of the comminge of the Athenyans were all gone resarued those that inhabited wythout the sayd destroycte on the coste of the fyrme lande Wherof sixe houndredde were gone into Ambracya and into Leucade for to defende them The other were al gatheredde togiders to deskrie in what quarter the Athenyans wolde lande But those same Athenyans being in the night passed by wythout parceyuinge and vnderstandinge by the signes that they whyche were in the watche did make that they were landed on the other syde of Soligius they parted themself into two bendes wherof they didde leaue the one in Centhrea for to succour Crommyon if the said Athenyans dyd come to assaile yt and the other halfe wente to the succours of the otherâ— vpon the coste where the saide Athenyans were landed Nowe had the Corinthians made twoo Capitaynes of that warre Whereof they did name the one Battus who was gone wyth one bende for to enter into the castell whiche was not stronge of walles for to defende yt and thother named Lycophron went agaynst the Athenyans that were landed And marched at the arryuall agaynst the right poynct and wyng of the Athenyans with whome were the Caristiens in the laste bende and so he assayled them lyuely and the battaile was veary sharpe euen hand for hand But fynally the Corinthians were repulsed vnto the mountaigne where there was plentie of heapes of stones of the walles beaten downe Frome which place hauynge the aduauntage they repulsed thennemyes wyth greate strokes of stones And after that the sayd ennemyes had retyred and recouered theire brethe they caused their trompetts to sounde and descended afresh agaynst them And so byganne agayne the battaille hand to hande more sharpe than the furst But they being in the most heate therof came to the succours of the sayd Corinthians one compaignie of their people By whose helpe they repoulsed the Athenyans vntyll the sea where the Athenyans afreshe ioygned themselfe togiders and repoulsed the Corinthians In the meane tyme the rest of the people dyd combateâ— and fyght incessantly wythoute restynge th one agaynste the other to wytt the ryght wyng of the Corinthians wherin was lycophron agaynst the left poyncte of the Athenyans fearynge that yt wooldeâ— go to assayll the castell of Soligius Thus the battaill longe endured wyth owt knowlaige had who had the betâ—er But fynally through the horsmen whych came to the help of the AthenyaÌ„s the Corinthians were repoulsed and retired to the mountaigne And there not being purâ—uedâ— tâ—ey vnarmed them selfe for to reste and refreshe them In this retreict many of the Corynthians were slayne and amonge them Lycophron The otheâ—e beynge retyredde to the heighâ—e of the mountaigne didde fortefye theymsâ—lfe wych the place Also the ennemyes dydde not followe them but gaue themselfe to spoyle the deadeâ— and afterwardes they raysed vp their trophee in signe of victorie Of all thys battaile the Corinthians
that were abiding in Cenchrea coulde see nothynge For that that the mounte Oneus dydde empesche theire â—ighte But neuerthelas seinge the duste in the ayer very thycke and by that knowynge that they dydde fighte they came with all diligence to their succours and lykewyse the olde people that remayned in the cytie whome whan the Athenyans did see coÌ„myng all against them they thought that they were the neyghbours of those Corinthians that came to their succours out of the countrey of Peloponese So they retyred into their ships wyth the spoyle of their ennemyes and the corpses of theire people that were slayne excepte twoo whyche they coulde not fynde nor knowe Whome they recouered afterwardes by appoynctmente of the Corynthyans Of whome were slayne in the furste battaylle two houndred and twenty and of the Athenyans aboutes fyftie At departure from the sayde nyghe Islandes the Athenyans wente from thence into that same of Cronâ—yon the whych apperteigned to the Corinthians distant from Corinthe the space of sixe skore stades and there they taryed one nyght a day Durynge which tyme they pillaged it holy And afterwardes they went froÌ„thence to Epidauâ—â— froÌ„thence they came to Methon which is betwene Epidaure Trezene did take the distreate of Cherronese wher as MethoÌ„ is which they inclosed with a wall and 〈◊〉 therin of their people in garnyson who a long tyme afterwardes commytredde robberies and pyllages in the lande of the sayde Trezenians and Epydaurians also of the Halyens And that done the sayd Athenyans retournedde into their countrey Howe they that were expoulsed out of Corinthe were taken by theym of the towne wyth the helpe of the Athenyans and afterwardes cruelly slayne ☞ The .vi. Chapter IN that self saysone Eurymedon and Sophocles beinge departedde fro Pylus wyth the army by sea for to passe into Sycilâ—e they came to lande at Corcyre Beinge at whyche place they issued fourth with them of the towne against the other cytezeins that were dryuen and chased fromthence who beynge fortefied in the mounte Isthone had gottone al the countreye about the towne and did vnto them that were within many dammaiges and displeasures So they repoulsed them and did take the rampares and stronge places that they hadde made and constraigned them to retyre to a straight place in the hieghest of the mountaigne Beinge wherin they rendredde themself vpon this condition that they shuld render all the strangers that were comme to their ayde to the wyll of the said Athenyans and Corcyryans And as touchinge those that were of the towne they shulde be surely kepte vntill that the said Athenyans had determyned what they shuld wil to be done wyth them So that if one alonly amonge them were founde to haue done against the said treatie than it was brokene as concernynge all the reste Ensuinge the which appoinctement beinge ledde into the Islande of Ptichia and the chief and pryncypall of the towne fearinge that the Athenyans woolde haue no pytie and leste they woulde condempne them to death did imagyn this trompery and deceyte For they sente into the said Islande some of the freÌ„des of those that were there who dyd them to vnderstande that the Athenyans had determyned to render them to the Corcyryans that were in the cytie wherfore they shulde do well and wysely to saue themselfe promysinge to fournyshe shyps for to do it wherunto they accorded And so as they were entred into a shipp thinkinge to saue theÌ„self they were takene by the Corcyrians And for that that in so doing they had brokene the appoinctement they were by the dukes and capytayns of the Athenyans remytted to the wylle of the sayd Corcyrians although that they were aduertysed of the tromperie and deceyte But they did yt to the ende that they shuld haue the better occasion to delyuer them For somuche as willing to departe froÌ„thence into Sycille they were angrie that other people shulde haue the honnor to haue caryed to Athens those prisoners which they had conquered vainquisshed Beynge than the sayd prysoners rendred to them of the cytie they were altogither put wtin a great edyfice And afterwards they caused theÌ„ to be drawyn oute by twentys all bounde and passed through the men of armes whych were ranged on both sydes And as they passed through the streate bifore they aryued at the place where the sayd men at armes were those that had anny particuler hatred agaynste any of them did prycke him passinge by with their glaiues And specially the sargeantes did bounse and beate them whan they wente to softlye And fynally whan they were aryued in the myddeste of the men at armes they were hackedde in pieces In this maner were slayn at thre tymes to the nomber of threskore bifore that the other that were wythin the pryson did knowe therof For they thought that they were caused to yssue fourth for to be caryed into some othere prysone But whan they were aduertysed of the trouth they began to crye and call to the Athenyans that they sholde slaye them theymselues if yt were their wyl that they shulde dye sayinge that they wold not suffre other but them to enter into the prysone wherein they were so longe as they had lyfe and body whych seyng the CorciriaÌ„s they wold not breke vp the gate But they skailed vpon the house and vncouered it on all sydes and after wyth strokes of arrowes did slaye them wythin But the prysonners did defende themselfe the beste thaâ— they could And many among theÌ„ dyd slay themself with their owne handes some wyth the arowes that were cast at them whyche they thruste into their throtts and the other dyd strangle themself wyth the clothes of their beddes and wyâ—h cordes and lynes which they had made of their habillementes In suche maner that aswell by day as by night whiche came vpon them in thies counterchaunces they were all deade partely wyth strokes of arowes and partlye with theire oune haÌ„des And the morow after whan it was day their corpses were caried vpon waynes out of the cytie and all their wyues that were founde wythin that same edyfice were brought into saruitude bondage In thys manner those that hadde made the mutyne sedition in the cytie of Corcyre were slayne And that same sedition was by that meane fynished so farre as touched this warre whereof we speake For of the other that had bene there bifore there remayned not one Iote wherby any suspytion might than be conceyued ¶ Of many victories and prosperities that the Athenyans hadde in that same saisone agaynste the Peloponesians and chiefly in the Islande of Cythere and in Thyree and of some other maâ—ters ☞ The .vii. Chapter AFter that the Athenyans beinge arryued in Sycille and ioigned with their allies they biganne warre agaynst their generalle ennemys In â—hat same somer the Athenyans and Acarnanians that were at Naupacte dyd take by trahisone stelthe the towne
of Anactorye whyche was sytuated at the entrye of the goulphe of Ambracie belonging to the Corinthyans whyche the sayde Acarnanyans dyd afterwardes kepe and chased fromthence al the Corinthiens and thys endurynge the sommer ended At begynning of wynter Arestides sonne of Archippus one of the Captayns by sea of the Athenyans who was sente to their allyes for to recouer of theÌ„ ayde of monney wherat they were taâ—ed encountred vpon the sea nyghe vnto Eione whyche is in the quarter of Strymone a galley wherin was a Persian that the kyng Artaxerxes had sente in Ambassade towardes the Lacedemonyans namedde Artapharnes And so he dyd take hym togyders wyth the letters that he caryed from the said kinge addressed to the Lacedemonyans and caryed him to Athens And the said letters were than translated out of the languaige Persian into Greke whiche amonge many other thinges conteigned that the kynge maruailled greately of the sayd Lacedemonyans and knewe not what they mente For they hadde sente many messengers wherof the the one had neuer spokene as the other wherefore if they wolde speake playnly and clerely they shulde sende some wyth the sayde Artaphernes that shuld do hym to vnderstande their mynde and wyll Certain dayes after the sayde Athenyans sente the same Artaphernes to Ephese with their Ambassadours which they sent towardes the saide Artaxerxes Bâ—t being there they hadde newes of the deathe of the sayed Artaxerxes and so they retourned him to Athens In that selfe wynter they of Chio were constraigned by the Athenians to beate downe a walle which they had newely made aboute the towne For suspicion that the Athenians had that they ymagined some reuolte rebellioÌ„ Although that the said ChyaÌ„s were thereof sufficiently dilcharged offred to geue such suertie as they might in nothyng to doe agaynst the sayd Athenians And in thies counterchauses the wynter passed whiche was the seâ—enth yeare of the warre that the Chucidides hath writtone In beginning of the somer ensuyng there was an eclips of the sonne in the same moueth chaunced in Grece a great Earthquake And the outlawes of Mytilene and of the Islande of Lesbos hauyng togiders a greate noÌ„ber of people of the mayne lande whereunto they were retyred also of Peloponese dyd take the citie of Rhetoe anone after without doying there any domage did restore it receyuyng two thousande Phocians stoters And from thence they weâ—te to the Citie of Antandros whiche they did take by treasone of some that were in it And their intent was to sette agayne at lybertie the other cities that be called Actees whiche were sometyme fouÌ„ded by the Mytylenians and was then ruled gouerned by the Athenians but pryncipally they would kepe the citie of Antandros for that it was propice for them to make shyps bycause of the woode and other matter that was founde there and also in the Islande of Ida whiche was there nigh vnto it And moreouer froÌ„ that same warre might be easely made against the Islande of Leâ—bos which was also nigh and lykewyse Pillage and gette the villages of Eoliens that were in the mayne lande this was there entent In that same soÌ„mer the Athenians did sende .lx. shyppes and in them two thousande fotemen certaine nomber of horsemen aud a nombre of Mylesiens and of some other theyr allyes vnder the conducte of Nycias sonne of Niceratus Nicostratus sonne of Diotraphus and of Antocles sonne of Tolmeus for to make warre agaynst those of Cythere whiche is an Islande situated foraâ—â—â—pste the country of Laconie on the cost of Malea and was inhabyted with lacedemonians who euery yeare sent thider thofficers of the citie of Sparte togiders with a garnisone for the kepyng of it For they sorowed greatly for it for that that it was there retraicre and their estaple for their shyppes that came out of Lybia and oute of Egypte and also empesched that no robberies were done in the countrey of Laconie by sea on the coste where it was in moste daunger For that that it laye opene and was subiecte to the sea of Sycille and to that same of Crete Being than the Atheniens aryued at the sayd Islande with tenne shyppes and two thousande Millesians they toke at the ariuall one citie of the sayd Islande whiche was on the sea syde named Scandea and the rest of the armie went through the IslaÌ„de agaynst the quarter wherein was the citie of Malea And first they came to the maistres towne whiche is nigh the sea named Cythere where they founde the Cythereans who attended for them all in armure without the towne So they assayled them after that they had defended themselfe a very small tyme they coÌ„straigned them to retire into the vpper parte of the towne and sone after they yelded themselfe vnto Nycias and to the other Capitaines Athenians their lyues saued already before that they yelded themselfe some among them had parlemented and spoken with Nicias for to aduise what thyng should be done to the ende that thappoynctment should be made more suerly and the more readely And in effect the AtheniaÌ„s transported all the Cythereans into other places aswell for that they were Lacedemonyans as also for that that the same their Islande is dyrectely opposytt and foranempst the countrey of Laconia Hauyng than the Athenyans takenne Scandea whyche ys in the poort of the sea and â—urnyshedde Cythere wyth theire people they wente into Asina into Helos and othere places by the sea syde where they landedde and dydde greate dammages for the space of seuene dayes that they dydde tarrye there The Lacedemonyans seynge that the Athenyans did kepe Cythere and fearynge leste men shulde come to assaylle theyme they were nott of opynyon to sende into annye parte a mayne armye for to fyghte agaynste the ennemyes but to departe theire people into dyuers places so as they thoughte to be necessarye for to defende them and also into some of theym for feare that they shulde nott reuolte and rebelle consyderynge the losse that they hadde made of theire people in the Islande nexte vnto Pylus and also of the towne of Pylus and of the cytie of Cythere and the warre whyche was mouedde agaynste theym to be contrary to theâ—re opynyon and vnprouidedde for By reasone whereof they huyredde and souldedde three houndred men at armes and certayne nombre of Archers whyche thinge they were nott accustomedde to doo And yet neuertheles if euer in any other tyme they were slacke and slowe to make warre yett were they at that tyme more slouthefull resaruedde the preparation for the armye by sea which they hadde though that they hadde to doo agaynst the Athenyans who reputedde nothing to be difficille and harde for them to ouercomme but that thynge whyche they woulde not enterpryse And besydes that they were strykene wyth greate feare by many thynges that my shappenedde vnto theym agaynste all reasone wherby
it amongeste oureselfe than to suffre it of ennemyes For yt ys no shame for one Doryen to be vainquishedde by an othere Doryen nor for one Chalcydian by an other Chalcydian being all neyghbours the one of the other and inhabytinge one selfe lande and one selfe Islande And we be all named by one name Syciliens and so we shalle make warre amonge ourselfe whan yt shal be requisitte And after whan we shal haue parlamented togyder◠we shall fall to agremente And yf we be wyse we shal be neuerthelas of one opynyon to chase the straungers oute of oure countrey For truly whan we shal be forcedde and oppressedde partycularlye we be all in daunger vnyuersally And we oughte not at anye tyme hereafter to calle oure allyes estraungers for to ayde vs nor for to make appoynctemente and agree vs. In whyche doing we shall fournyshe Sycille wyth two greate benefyttes the one for the tyme presente and the othere for the tyme to comme For we shalle delyuer yt frome the Athenyans and oute of the intestyne and inwarde warre wherin it is at this presente and for the tyme to comme we shall possesse it franke and free muche lesse subiecte to all espialles and to all pryuie waytinges than it nowe ys Thus dydde Hermocrates speake At whose perswation the Syciliens made appoinctement togyders In suche manner that they forsoke the warre on all sides and that euery man dydde kepe that whyche he possedde resaruedde that the cytie of Morgance was rendred by the Syracusains vnto the Camerins payinge a certayne somme of monney And that done those whyche hadde called the Athenyans declaredde to the Capytaynes and pryncypalleste of them that they hadde comprysed them wythin the appoynctemente And by that meane they contended them and retournedde fromthence wyth their shyppes vnto Athens where wyth the Athenyans were so dyspleasedde that they comdempnedde the Capytayns to wyt Pthiodorus and Sophocles into bannyshmente and Eurymedon in monney hauynge opynyon that it was their faulte that they hadde nott subduedde the Islande of Sycille and that they hadde bene induced and huyred by giftes to retourne fromthence For the Athenyans did than assure themself somuche in the prosperytie that they hadde hadde that nothynge semedde impossible vnto them For they thoughte that they myght atteigne aswell difficill and harde enterpryses as the light and easie and wyth a small armye aswelle as wyth a greate And of thys theire presumptyon the felicitie was cause whyche hadde chauncedde vnto them in many thinges beyonde all reasone And that had brought them into thys vayne glorye Howe the Athenyans failled to take the cytie of Megare by intelligence and confederation of some of the citezeins and howe it was succoured by the Lacedemonyans ☞ The .ix. Chapter THat same somer those of Megare ennoyed aswell wyth the warre of the Athenyans whyche came vpon them euerye yeare for to spoyle make waste in their land as also by the robberyes and pillages that were comytted and done by some of thei◠cytezeins whiche were bannished for the sedytion of the people and kepte themself at Pegne they entredde into communication and purposed amongest themself to reteigne and receue agayne the said bannished men for to auoyde and exchue that the cytie shuld not be lost through their differences and varyances And the frendes of the exiles bannyssed men parceyuinge that the matter began to waxe colde they made a newe requeste that the sayd exiles might be spoken wyth Than the chiefeste of the towne consyderynge that the people coulde not longe endure the euils that happened vnto them◠by meanes of the sayde dissensions they came to parlemēt with the dukes of the Athenyans to wytt Hippocrates sonne of Ariphron and Demosthenes sonne of Alcisthenes for to rēder the towne vnto them thinking that there shulde be lesse danger vnto them in so doinge than if they shulde sett agayne and receyue the exiles into it And so they accorded wyth them that they shulde furste take the longe wals whiche extended from the cytie vnto Nysee where their porte was which walls conteigned about eyght houndred stades of lenghte for to empesche that the Peloponesians shulde geue no succours to thē of the towne from the place where they had theire garnisonne for saulfgarde of the cytie And that afterwardes they shulde gett the Castell whiche was on the highest place of the towne vpon a rocke whyche thinge they thought to be easie ynough to do And whan they had ordeyned all their treatie they made preparation euerye one for his parte for to execute it And the Athenyans came that nyght to the Islande whyche ys nexte of the cytie named Mynonue wyth sixe houndred men well armed vnder the conducte of Hippocrates And fromthence they came in the tyme of nyght vnto a dyche nighe vnto the whych was a brick keele wherin the bricke was brūte for to build repayre the wals of the towne On the other syde Demosthenes was in embushemente nighe to the temple of Mars whyche was a lytle further of wyth the Plateens lightly armed some other aduenturers wythout that any parsone had knowlayge therof but those that were of the treatie And bifore that it was daye the sayde Plateens came fourth for to execute their interpryse at the openynge of the gates whyche thing they had vsed there a longe tyme byfore in thys maner The cytezeins were accustomed as people whyche lyued by pillages and by robberies to drawe in the night tyme by consente of the officer of the sayde longe walle a brigantyne in a charett the whyche they dyd caste afterwardes into the dyche and fromethence conueyde it into the sea And whā it came to the breake of the day after that they had in the nyght tyme vpon the sea done what they myght they retourned with the brygantyne fromthence and bestowedde it agayne bifore it was daye in the charrett wythin the sayd walles through the poorte itself to th ende that the Athenyans who had their garde and garnisons in the Isle of Minoue shulde not parceue theire theftes and robberies not seinge any shippe within theire poorte The sayde brygantyne than beynge brought agayne and the gate opened for to bestowe it wythin as it was in the bestowyng of it the Athenyans issued fourth of theire embushemente for to saise and take the gate bifore that yt mighte be shutt agayne by cause of the stowage of the sayd brygantyne lyke as it was appoyncted wyth them of the towne that were of the intellygence and confederation who were there ready dyd slay those that were at the kepinge of the sayd gate And the Plateens and aduenturers which were wyth Demosthenes were the furst that came to sease and possesse the poorte and entred into it by the quartier where as presently is sene a trophee or victorie addressed set vp And they repoulsed the garnysone of Peloponesians whych hauynge hearde the bruyt was come vnto the
succours And thys endurynge the Athenyans wel armed arriued who were lett in by those Plateans and as they entred they mounted vpon the walles Agaynste whome the Peloponesyans resistedde wyth their power But they were muche lesse people and therby many of them were there slayne And the other retyred feringe to be circūuented chiefly for that that it was not yet daye And also perceyuynge that some of those of the cytie dyd fighte agaynste theym To wytt those that were consentynge to the trahisone they thoughte that all were of lyke mynde But yet they thought it the rather for that that the trompet of the Athenyans made of hys proper authorytie a crye that all the Megaryans that wolde come to render themselfe to the Athenyans and render theire armure shulde be sauedde and not haue annye hurte For whan the sayde Peloponesyans vnderstode that crye they retourned all to Nysee in flyght Anone after aboute dawninge of the daye the sayd wall beinge takene whyche extended vnto the porte the tumulte was greate in the towne for those that were partakers of the trahisone sayde that men shulde opene the gates and issue fourthe agaynste the Athenyans wherunto the people agreed But they sayde it◠to the intent that the sayd Athenyans shulde enter after that they were openedde For so they conuenaunted wyth them and to the ende that they myght be knowyn amonge the other and that at the entrye no man shuld do them euyl and harme they had geuene for a tokene that they shuld be oyncted with oyle for a differēce from the other And they thoughte that it shuld be greater suertie for them that the gates shulde be opened for that that there were foore thousande foote men well armed and sixe houndred horsmen Athenyans whyche were comme that same night from Eleusyne ready for to enter into the towne Beinge than those that were oyled come to the gates for to cause them to be opened one amonge them discouered the trahisone vnto the othere that knewe nothing therof wherby the tumulte and the fraye was greatte among the people And in effecte they assembledde for all sydes there and were of opynyon that the gates shulde not be opened sayinge that they durste not do it at othere tymes whan the Athenyans were come bifore their towne all though that they were more puissant than they than were and that the towne shulde not be putt into so euydent a daūger And if any wolde do the contrary that men shulde begynne to fyghte agaynste them And thys sayd they wythoute makynge any semblante that they hadde parceyued the trahysone but by manner of aduyse and of good counsaylle for to exchue the daungers And finally those of the people were strongest at the gates so that they wolde not suffre them to be openedde In suche sorte that the conspyratours coulde not execute their trahisone Than the Athenyans parceynyng that the gates were not opened vnto them thought that there was some empeschemente wherfore consyderynge that they were to fewe people for to assiege the cytie they wente all agaynste Nysee and enclosed it wyth walles For they thought that if they coulde take it bifore any succours came thider they myght afterwardes veray easely take the cytie by composition And so caused with all diligence workemenne to come frome Athens togiders with Ironne and other necessarye matter with suche expedition that within a veray small tyme they acheued the walle Whiche they beganne at the ende of that same whiche they hadde takene frome the syde of Megare And frome thence they wrought it on bothe sydes of Nysee into the sea and fourthwith dyd close it with dyches For whan the one was busyed at the walle thoder were occupyed at the dyches And dyd take the stone the bricke and the woode in the suburbes Also they dyd cutte downe the trees that were there aboute And where there lacked matter they ramparde in earthe with pynnes of woode And also the houses that were without the towne theyr toppes being bette downe did sarue them for towers and bullworkes All whiche woorke they parfaicted and ended within that selfe daye and the daye folowyng at the nyght Whiche parceyued by them that were within Nisee and also that they had no vittailles for they made no prouision but as it was brought them out of the towne daye by daye consideryng also that there was no hope to bee succoured by the Peloponesians so readely and moreouer thynkyng that all the Magariens were agaynst them they made composicion with the Athenians to wytte that they shulde render their armure and euerye man departe with a small some of monney And that the Lacedemonians and other estraungers that◠were there within should be at the wyll of the Athenians In suche manner those of the towne departed fromthence And the Athenians hauyng wonne Nisee and broken the longe walle that came frome the cytie vnto Nisee they prepared themself for to assiege and assaille the cytie of Megare Nowe it chaunced that in that same seasone Brasidas sonne of Tellides Lacedemonien was in the quartier of Corinthe and of Sicione for to assemble people of the countrey of Thrace who vnderstandyng the takyng of the walles of Megare and doubting that the Peloponesians that were at Nisee were in danger he sent vnto the Beotians with all diligence and commanded that they shulde come towardes hym incōtinently with the greatest bende that they coulde vnto Tripodisque Whiche is a burgage in the territory of Megare vnder the mountaigne of Gerania From whiche place he himselfe came with two thousande seuen houndred Corinthians well armed foore houndred Philasiens and seuen houndred Sycioniens besyde the other that he hadde already assembled not knowing yet of the taking of Nisee the whiche he vnderstode there And forthwith bifore that the ennemyes were aduertised of hys cōmyng for that that he was ariued by nyght he wente with foore houndred of the best of hys compaignie straight to the citie of Megare faignyng that he would take Nysee by stealth But for trougth hys pryncipall intente was to entre into the citie if he hadde coulde and to haue furnyshed it And whan he was come vnto the gates he demaunded of the Megarians that they should lette hym in geuyng them good hope to take incontinently Nysee But bothe the bendes fearyng hys commynge to wytte the one for doubte leste he shulde brynge agayne the bannyshed into the towne and chase them from thence and the frendes of the bannyshed leste the other for feare thereof shoulde fyght agaynste theym and that throughe occasion of their difference the Athenyans that were nyghe there vnto them shoulde take the Cytie they were of opinion not to receyue the sayed Brasidas but rather to see who shoulde haue the victorye of the Athenians or of the Peloponesians For the partakers of aither of the parties dyd attende to declare themself to fauoure that parte that shall haue hadde the better Brasidas than seyng that by no meane he
coulde enter returned towardes the other people of his army And the same day bifore that it was clere the Beotians arryued who bifore that they hadde receyued the letters from Brasidas vnderstandyng the commynge of the Athenians were come fourth with all their strength for to succoure the Megarians For that that they estemed the danger to bee common vnto them But whan they were in the lande of Platee hauyng there receyued the letters from Brasidas they were muche more assured And so dyd sende twelue houndred foote menne and sixe houndred horsemenne vnto Brasidas and the other retourned euey man vnto his house After that they were all ioigned togider with Brasidas they were aboute sixe thousande On the other syde the Athenians kepte themselfe in battaille aboutes Nisee resarued the fotemen lightly armed who being disparsed skattered abrode in the fieldes were assailled and repoulsed by the horsemen Beotians euen vnto the sea bifore that the Athenians did knowe the coming of the said Beotians For they came neuer bifore to the succours of Megare Wherefore they doubted them not But anon as they sawe them they issued agaynst them and there was a veray longe fight among the horsemen so that it coulde not be well iudged who hadde the better thereof And although that on the Beotians parte the Capitaine some other were slaine whiche aduentured themfelf euen vnto the walles of Nisee by occasion whereof the Athenians hauing rendred the carkasses by appoinâ—â—mente did sette vp a Trophee in signe of victorie yet the battaille was not pursued by the one parte nor the other So and in suche wyse that one coulde not attrybute the victory more to the one than to the other And so the Beotians retyred to their compaignie and the Athenians to Nysee After that Brasidas hauyng chosen a comodious place by the sea syde and nigh inough to Megare lodged there his campe and remoued not attending that the Athenians shoulde come to assaille theÌ„ For he thought that they of the citie would regarde and marke who should haue the better and that beyng there ready to fight without assailling the ennemyes or putting any thing in hazarte he should haue the victorye And as touchyng the citie he thought to haue done ynough Forsomuche as if he hadde not come the Citezens durst not haue assayed the fortune of the battaille agaynste the Athenians and by the meane shuld haue lost the citie But seyng the succours to become that those Athenians durst not fight it semed vnto hym that they would accept him and his bende into the citie and by that meane without effusion of bloud without daunger he shuld haue that that he was come for Lyke as it happened afterwardes For the Athenians did rancke themself in battaille nyghe to the longe walles hauing the selfe opinion that the Athenians had to witte not to fyght except he came to assaulte them for that that they thought that there was greater apparance and raisonne for them not to begyn the battaill than for the other considered that they had had already manye victories Wherefore if at that houre being in lesser nomber they had hazarded it and the other had had the victory he would so haue followed it that the citie shuld haue been lost thorugh theÌ„ or that they shuld lose one great parte of their army And also they persuaded theÌ„self that the other shuld rather begyn For that that they were of dyuers cities whereby they presumed that they shuld not haue pacience to refrayne as they that were all Athenians In this manner hauing longe attended on the one syde and on the other they retyred and did withdrawe themself to wytte the Athenians to Nisee and the Peloponesians to the place from whence they were departed Than the Magarians those that were frendes of the exiles parceyuyng that the Athenians durst not assaille thoder they dyd take courage and with the pryncipallest of the towne openned the gates vnto Brasidas and receyued hym into the towne as hauyng the victorye And came to parlamente with hym whereby those of the other bende were in greate feare And anone after the people that were come at commandement of Brasidas retourded euery man into his quarter And he wente fromthence vnto Corinthe fromwhence he departed for to assemble his army in Thrace The AtheniaÌ„s also retourned froÌ„ethence into their countrey By occasion whereof those that had been of the coniuracion and conspiracie and of the treatie for to cause them to come parceiuing that they were discouered withdrewe themself secretly out of the citie And the other hauing spoken with the parentes of the exiles called agayne those that were at Pegne with greate othes neuer more to remember the innuries passed But rather to geue themself with one accorde to the common weale of the citie But within a certaine tyme after they being chosene to offices and gouernance of the towne whan the musters of the people were made knowyng the armure of them that had bene the chief of thintelligence with the AtheniaÌ„s they apprehended of theÌ„ to the nomber of a houndred whom they caused to dye by iudgement of the sayed people Whome they induced to condempe them And by this meane the gouernance of the citie was reduced brought to the will of a small nomber of Citizens hauing the fauour of the people whiche state though it begonne by sedicion and mutynerye yet afterwardes it endured a longe â—asone Of a losse that the Athenians had of their shippes And how Brasidas passed through the countrey of Thrace by the helpe of Perdicas kyng of Macedonie and of certen his frendes of the sayd countrey for to come to the ayde of the Chalcidians ☞ The .x. Chapter THat self same somer the Mytylenians hauing purposed for to fortefye and repayer the citie of Antandre the two capitayns of the three whiche the Athenians had sent to receue and gather money through the landes of their party Demedocus and Aristides who were than in Hellesponte in thabsence of Lamachus which was the thirde and was gone into the sea of Pontus with tenne shippes had consultacion bitwene them of that matter And it semed vnto them a daungerous matter to suffer Fearyng leste it shuld happene as it had bifore tyme in the citie of Sanmie whether the exiles that had bene dryuen fromthence had retyred and ioyned themselfes altogiders And with the ayde of the Peloponesians who had sent them maroners they dyd grete hurt to them of the cytie grete saruices to the sayd Peloponesians For this cause they wente with their shippes and men of warre agaynst the sayd cytie of Antandre And hauing repoulsed and ouercome those whiche were come agayne and retourned thider who yssued fourth against them in battaille they dyd take it Sonne after Lamachus whiche was goane into the countrey of Pontus beeing there arryued with his shyppes within the floude of Calece whiche passeth through out the lande of
assailled had required succours of the Peloponesians principally those of Chalcide forsomuche as they feared that the Athenians would come first vpon them And also for that they did vnderstande that the other cities their neighbours that were not rebelled did coniure conspire already againste them for to ouercome them And as touchinge Perdiccas albeit that he was not their ennemye declared yet he feared the ennemyties that he had had with them in tymes passed for that cause demanded ayde of the Lacedemonians against theÌ„ And also against the king of Lyncesters whome he had determyned wholy to subdue An other occasion there was for the which that armye came out of the countrey of Peloponese Whiche was that the Lacedemonians parceiuing the euyl chances that were happened to them and that the Athenians had done many enterprises in their countrey they thought that there was nothyng more expediente to diuerte and tourne them than to make some alarme to their allyes And somuche the more that there were people that furnished to the charges of the army and of other that attended but their coming for to rebelle against the AtheniaÌ„s And also it moued theÌ„ muche the losse that they had at Pylus For they feared lest the Esklaues would make somme mutyne or sedicion Wherefore they were welle eased to sende them fourth vnder this coloure For through the feare that those Lacedemonians had to wytt those that had conducted and had charge of the affaries aswell of the yonge as of the comon people and aboue all of the esklaues on whome they layde most watche they had in times pastâ— caused a cry to be made that those that had done most vailliantly shulde stande aparte geuing them hope to enfranchise and sett them at lybertie But it was to vnderstande their courage Whereby being chosen out of al them to the nomber of two thousande and those brought with procession crowned with flowers vnto the temples so as the custome was of theÌ„ to whome lybertie was geuen sone after they were lost and no man knewe where they were become Of whome also they for the selfe feare dyd than delyuer to Brasidas the nomber of two thousande And the other he hadde caryed out of the countrey of Peloponese for soulde and wages For he desyred greatly to haue that charge for which cause the Lacedemonians dyd sende hym and also the Chalcides desired hym greatly for that that amonges all them of Sparte he was reputed to be a diligence and industrious parsone Also he obteigned a great bruyte by that charge For he shewed himselâ— so honest a man and so good a iusticer and pollitique in all thinges that manye townes and cyties by reason thereof came to render themself to hym And some he toke by diligence and treason whereby that chaunced to the Lacedemonians that they hoped of to wytt that they recouered many of their landes and caused some of those of the Athenians thereby to reuolte and rebelle And for a certayne tyme dyd putt and absente the warre out of their quarter of Peloponese And afterwardes in the warre that was bitwene the Athenians the PeloponesiaÌ„s in Sicille his vertue was so knowen estemed aswell by experience as by relacioÌ„ of other that by that reason many of those that toke the partie of the AtheniaÌ„s desired to take that same of the Peloponesians For seing the vertue goodnes that was in hym they persumed iudged that the other Lacedemonians shuld be all lyke And for to come againe to the purpose whereof we speake after that the Athenians vnderstode the comyng of that same Brasidas into Pelâ—ponese they declared Perdiccas for their ennemy For somuche as it semed vnto them that he had bene cause of his comyng And they were more diligente to watche the people of that same quarter than they had bene bifore Perdiccas than hauyug the succors of the Peloponesians with Brasidas brought them with his army against Archibeus sonne of Bromerus king of Lyncesters Macedoniane who was his neyghboure and his greate enemye Wyllyng to chase and vtterlye destroye hym But whan he was at the entryng of his câ—untrey Brasidas sayed to hym That bifore that he beganne the warre agaynste the sayd Archibeus he woulde firste speake with hym For to knowe if by woordes and declaracions he myght bryng hym to the deuocion and amytie of the Lacedemonians For the same Archibeus hadde caused to be signefyed by sounde of trompette that for the differences that were bitwene hym and Perdiccas he woulde be and stande to the iudgemente and saying of Brasidas Also the Chalcydes that desired to bryng the sayd Brasidas to their affaire shewed and perswaded hym that he shoulde not busye hymself with a longe and difficille warre at the appetite and desyre of Perdiccas Consideryng specially that those men that Perdiccas had sent to Lacedemonie for to haue succous had proponed declared that he would cause that many of his neyghbours should be reduced to the amitie of the sayd Lacedemonians And therefore with good cause prayed him that he would be content to appoinet the same differeÌ„ce for the publique weale of the Peloponesians and of hymself Whereunto Perdiccas woulde not consente saying that he hadde not called Brasidas for to be iudge of his questions but for to ayde him to discounfyte his ennemyes suche as he shuld declare and that the same Brasidas dydde hym great wronge to beare Archibeus agaynst hym Considered that he susteigned half charges of all that armye This notwithstaÌ„ding Brasidas against his wille came to parlement with Archibeus Whome he perswaded so by woordes and declaracions that he retourned with his armye By reasone whereof Perdiccas fromthence forwarde in stede that he payd the moytie of the charges of that same armye payd no more but the thirde parte perswadyng hymself that Brasidas had done hym wronge thereof Howe the Athenians at the persuatioÌ„ of Brasidas lefte the partie of the Athenians And did take the same of the Peloponesians The .xi. Chapter SOone after that a lytle bifore the vintage that selfe somer Brasidas hauing the Chalcydes with him came to make warre against the cytie of Acanthe which was a colonie of the Andrians And the citizens were in great controuersie whider they shuld receyue him into the cytie or not To wirt those that toke parte with the Chalcides on the one syde and the comon people on the other partie But bicause of this that the fruytes were yet in the feldes the comon people vpon the perswation was content that he shulde enter into the towne alone speake what he would And afterwardes they would determyne what they had to do Who being entred and come to the assemblie of the people he spake veray sagely as he welle coulde do For that that he was a Lacedemonian and sayd vnto them in this manner The oracion of Brasidas to the Acanthyans THis that I haue been here sent with this armye by the Lacedemonians
otherwayes may chaunce vnto you in your perticuler goodes moreouer to th ende that ye geue to this your citie a right honest glorious name to be a franke free citie After that Brasidas had thus spoken vnto the people they debated longe vpon this mater And finally they came to geue vp their opinions by small billes secretly And the greatest parte were founde of opinion to departe froÌ„ the allyance of the Athenians aswell for the persuation of Brasidas as also for feare to lose their goodes that were in the feldes And hauing receiued othe of the same Brasidas that he had comission of the Lacedemonians for to sett them againe into their lybertie that shuld render themself vnto him and to suffer them to lyue according to their lawes they suâ—â—red his armye to enter into the citie And the lyke thing soone afterwardes did those of Stagire which is an other towne and Colonie of the Andrians Theis be the thinges that were done the same sommer Howe Hippocrates Demosthenes Dukes of the Athenians made an entreprise vpon the countrey of Beotians Wherein they alwayes failled to their greate losse and disaduantage ☞ The .xii. Chapter IN begynning of the winter Hippocrates and Demosthenes Dukes of the Athenians hauing ordoned and concluded their enterprise touching the feate of the Beoeians that th one to wytt Demosthenes shuld mete with the army by sea at Syphas thother with tharmy by lande at Delos lyke as is aboue declared it happened by errour that they mett not at the day named in the sayd places But Demosthenes being first aryued at Syphas with many shippes of the Acarnanians and of the other allyes his enterprise was discouered by an Phocian named Nichomachus Who aduertised the LacedemoniaÌ„s thereof they aduertised the Beocians whiche did putt theÌ„self al in armure And Hippocrates not hauing yet done any thing on the coste of the firme lande touching the exploict of warre they all came to the succours of Syphas of Cheronee Whereby those of the cyties that had made treatie with the AtheniaÌ„s seing that the thing was discouered durst make no inuocacioÌ„ Neuertheles after that the sayd Beotians were retourned into their houses Hippocrates hauing caused all the citizens and inhabitantes of Athenians to putt them in armure he came to Delos assieged the temple of Apollo in this maÌ„ner For they inclosedde the outwarde parte of the temple with dyches and with a walle whiche they made of earthe and thereupon they planted pales with pykes and beyonde the walle they made rampers of bricque of stone whiche they toke of the houses nigh vnto them that they had beaten downe And vpoÌ„ the rampars they erected also towers defences in many places In suche manner that there remaigned no parte of the teÌ„ple that was not enclosed For also there was no other edifice building aboute thesame For that that an auÌ„tient cloistre that had of auncieÌ„tie bene there was wtin a shorte time bifore fallen downe And that same worke they acheued finished within two dayes a halfe after that they were there ariued And also that they had speÌ„t in coming but three dayes And that being throughly made the army departed fromthence and retyred aboutes eight stades as for to retourne into their houses And incontinently all the footemen lightly armed which were in a right great nomber went their way the other vnarmed themself and abodde in a village for to repose and soiurne there And Demosthenes with a small nomber of people taried at Delos for the keping of the rampars to acheue and finishe that whiche was to do Nowe were the Beotians in thies self dayes assembled at Tanagra Being than there assembled out of all the countrey they were in doubte whider that they shulde assaille the sayd Athenians or not For of elleuene officers and gouernours of the â—ayd countrey tenne sayd that it ought not to be done for so muche as the sayd AtheniaÌ„s were not yet entred into the countrey of Beoce For the place wherein they reposed themself was in the lymyttes of Oropie But Pagondas sonne of Goladas of Thebes which was one of the sayd gouernours and Arianthides sonne of Lesymachus who had at that tyme the charge of that assembly were of contrarye opinion And specially the sayd Pagondas who estemyng and iudgyng that it was for the best to proue fortuâ—e by bartaille perswaded to the Beotians hys opinion by thies woordes The oracioÌ„ of PagoÌ„das vnto the souldiers BeotiaÌ„s IT was not conuenable to any of you that be in office Lordes Beotians to thinke that we shulde not fight agaynst the Athenians except they were founde within our lande For hauing dressed and appoynted their munitions fortifications within our countrey of Beoce and being departed out of their nigh places to the intent to trouble it there is no doubt but that we shulde take them for ennemyes in what parte that we shall fynde them For out of whatsoeuer parte that they come they haue declared themself to be ours Wherefore if any one among you were heretofore of aduyse that they shuld not be fought with lett hym change fromhensfourthe his opinion For so muche as there ought not somuche regarde to be had to theÌ„ that holde their oune and wolle trouble an other mans for couetice to haue more as to those the wolle inuade men to take their lande froÌ„ them And if you haue lerned of youre auncesters to repoulse youre ennemyes of a strange nation out of your lande both nigh a farre of truly you ought muche more readely to do it against the Athenians that be youre neighbours For that that it is more conuenable for euery man for to defende kepe his libertie his right against his neighbours for to be egall vnto theÌ„ than against other being more further of And therfore if theis here doe trauaile to bring into their subieccion seruitude those that be veray farre froÌ„ them why shuld not we hazarte aduenture to fight vnto the last maÌ„ of vs against theÌ„ that be euen their voyâ—ns neighbours hauing bifore our eyes the example of Eubeens and one greate parte of Grece And seing howe they haue brought them into subiection why shulde we not consider that the other nexte adioigning do fight with them for to kepe defende their lymittes but if we be vainquishedde there shal be no lymitte in our territory But rather it shal be holy coÌ„fused For after that they shal be entred therinto by force we shal be in dangerâ— lest that they wolle possesse and occupie it hooly muche more than the other borderers For that that they there haue already muche lande and also do holde one parte therof And also it is the custome of chose which trusting in their forces be mynded to warre vpon their neighbours as the AtheniaÌ„s nowe do to assaille sonner those that be in rest
was voyde and hollowe all alonge Afterwardes they fastened yt wyth yrone at bothe endes And also alengthe very artyfyciallye aftere manner of a pipe and to one of the endes they fastened wyth chaynes of yronne a greate cawdrone of brasse whyche hanged from the sayd piece of tymber downewardes by the sayd chaynes And at the ende of the beame there was a hollowe pype of yronne whyche tourned and crooked downewarde agaynste the cawldrone for to caste ryghte into the cauldrone the wynde that came alonge oute of the ingyne the whyche beinge so acheuedde and made as ys aboue sayd they caused it to be drawin and caryed wyth greate charettes vnto the walle whiche the Athenyans had made on that syde where the mooste parte was of woode And in raysinge yt vp they dyd sett the ende wheron the cauldrone was vnto the syde of the sayd wall full of cooles brymstone and pytche And to the other ende whyche was on their syde they applyed greate bellowes by blowynge whereof they caused incontynently through the wynde whyche passed alongâ—ste through the Engyne into the caudrone that all the matter that was wythin did lighten and caste a greate flame wherwyth the wall was anone fyred and burned By occasion wherof they that deâ—ended themselfe were constraynedde to forsake it And by thys meane the Beotians dyd wynne it And of those that were wyâ—hin there were taken twoo houndred prysonners Of the other one parte was slam and the other saued themselfe in the shyppes that were in the hauone of the sea Thus the temple of Delos was recoueredde .xvii dayes after the battaille And soone after retourned the heraulte of the Athenyans which dyd knowe nothing of the sayd takinge or recouerey for to demaunde agayn the dead men To who the Beotyans dyd render and delyuer them wythout speakynge vnto hym anny more of that that they had declared at the othere tyme. And there was founde aswell of those that were slayne in the battaille as at the takynge of Delos on the partâ—e of the Beotians nyghe to fyue houndredde and on the othere partie of the Athenyans about a thousande And amongest other Hippocrates one of their dukes besydes the foremâ—n light armed and the victuaâ—liers whyche were a greate nomber On the other syde Demosthenes who was gone to Siphas by sea seynge that hys enterpryse hadde faylled hym he issued fourth of hys shipps wyth four houndred men aswell of the Agryans and Acarnanyans whyche he hadde ledde awaye as of the Athenyans into the lande of Sycionians But bifore the reste were landed for to followe and to pursue those there the Sycionyens who yssued fourth for to defende their lande came to assayle them and repoulsed and dyd chase them backe euen into their shippes and so dyd slaye one parte of them and many of them were takene prysonners ¶ Howe Brasidas duke of the Lacedemonyans dyd take the Cytie of Amphipolis soubdaynly and some other in the countrey of Thrace by treatye aud apoynctemente ☞ The .xiii. Chapter IN that same tyme whan the thinges were done at Delos wherof we haue spokene Sytalces kynge of Odrysyans dyed in battaill against the Tryballes wyth whome he began to warre And Seuthes sonne of Spardocus hys brother succeded hym aswell in the realme of Odrysians as in other landes and seigniories whyche he helde in the countreye of Thrace And in that same wynter Brasidas wyth the allyes of the Lacedemonyans in that sayd countrey moued warre against the cytie of Amphipolis whiche was situated vpon the ryuer of Strymone For that that it was a Colonie of the Athenyans And bifore that they had peopled wyth their nation the place where the cytie presenâ—ly standeth Aristagoras Milesius flyinge the persecutioÌ„ of the kinge Dariusâ— had furste inhabyted yt but he was chased fromthence by the Edonyans And than the Athenyans .xxxii. yeres after sent thyder teÌ„ne thousand meÌ„ aswel of their people as of other assembled froÌ„ all quarters whych were all destroyde by the Thracians nyghe vnto Dranesque Notwythstanding .xxix yeares after those same Athenians sente thider agayne of their people vnder the conducte of Agnon sonne of Nycias who chased the Edonyans fromthence and founded the cytie suche as yt presently is whyche was bifore named the newe wayes And whan the sayd Agnon came thyder to make it he departed frome a towne whiche the Athenyans had in the mouthe of the ryuer named Eionus wherein they made theire estaple and called it Amphipolis by cause that it was enuyronned on both sydes wyth the ryuer of Strymone and so enclosed it wyth a wall that wente from one arme of the ryuer vnto the other And builded it in a place of a conuenyent heyght so that it was fayre to se aswelle towarde the sea as to the lande Brasidas than beinge at Arnes whyche is a towne in the terrytorye of the Agryans departed fromthence wyth hys army and arryued aboute goynge downe of the sonne in Aulone and in Bromisque on that syde where the lake of Bolbus voydeth itselfe into the sea And after that he had supped he toke hys iourney in the nyght whyche was very darke and also it did snowe and was veray foule whether so that he aryued bifore the cytie wythout beinge parceued by them that were wythin Resarued some wyth whom he had intelligence whiche were partly of the Argylians that be in the countrey of Andrie were come thider for to inhabitt and partly of other whyche had be practised and wonne aswell by Pardiccas as by the Chalcides But pryncipally the Brasides whyche was adioygninge vnto them were of that intelligence and confederacy and had bene alwayes ennemys of the Athenyans and espyed and layd in wayte to take pryuely the sayd cytie Those same than that were inhabitedde there as afore ys sayde hauinge concluded the treasone wyth Brasydas by consente of them whiche than had the gouernance of the cytie dyd suffre him to come in And the same night they rebellinge froÌ„ the Athenyans came to lodge wyth the army of Brasidas nighe the bridge that was on the ryuer distant a verye small space frome the cytie whych was not thaÌ„ closed wyth walles as it presently ys And though that there was a nomber of people that kepte the brydge yet aswell by cause of the nyghte as of the foule wether and also of the soubdayne arryuall he repoulsed them easely and wonne the brydge and dyd take all the cytezeins that dwelled wythoute the cytie in the suburbs except some small nomber whyche saued themselfe in the towne wherof they that were wythin were greatly afrayed and chiefly for that that they greatly doubted amonge theÌ„self the one the other And the sayinge ys that if Brasidas had aswell approued to take the cytie as he suffred hys people to pillage the suburbs he had than takene yt But in the meane tyme that hys people did geue themselfe to pillaige those
Athenyans so that they entredde into Scyone In thies enterfaictesâ— Perdiccas for despyte of Brasidas made his appoynctment with the capytaynes Athenyans which thyng he had determyned from the retourne that the sayd Brasidas made from Lynceste hauinge a good bende of Thessalyens hys frendes by whome he was alwayes bifore time sarued And for that that Nycias requyred him that in declaring himself that he would do some good saruice for the Athenians and also for his owne comoditie he would well empesche that the Peloponesians should no more entre into his lande he denyed passaige vnto Isthagoras Lacedemonyan who conducted the army by lande of the sayd Peloponesians for to ioigne himself with Brasidas and furthermore defended hym that he shoulde not take into hys saruice any of the Thessalyens But that notwithstanding that same Isthagoras and Amnenias Arysteus with hym who were sente by the Lacedemonyans vnto Brasidas for to see in what estate the cases were dyd passe came vnto Brasidas hauing in their coÌ„paignie certaine yonge parsones And though that it was defeÌ„ded by thordenaÌ„ces of the towne that they which had charge of any place shulde no coÌ„mytt it to any other whatsoeuer parsone yet neuerthelas they appoyncted Clearidas sonne of Cleonymus to the kepynge of Amphipolis and to Torona Tellidas the sonne of Hegesander The same somer the Thebayns bett downe the walles of the Thespians chargyng them that they hadde confederacion wyth the Athenyans whiche thynge they were mynded in tymes passedde to haue done But than yt was more easye for them for that that in the battaille whiche they hadde had agaynst the Athenyans the more parte of their yonge people were slayne Also in that same somer the teÌ„ple of Iuno whiche was at Argos was burned through faulte of Chrysis that was than Abbâ—sse Who goynge to lyght a lampe nigh to the crownes of the goddesse felle a slepe so that bifore she did awake all was in fyerre By reasone whereof fearynge that the Argiues would do her some displaisir in the night time she fledde fromethence into Philontus Whereupon the Argiues accordyng to their lawes and ordenances did depose her and in her place didde put one Phenides notwithstandynge that the sayed Chrysis hadde bene there presidente eighte yeares and an halfeâ— as the warre hadde enduredde Aboutes the ende of somer the Athenyans hauynge enuironedde Scyona wyth a walle on all sydes they dyd putte within yt good garnysonnes and after retournedde vnto Athens The wynter followynge was peasable bitwene the Athenyans and the Peloponesians by meane of the trefues But the Mantynyens and the Tegetes hadde battaylle togiders ayther hauynge the ayde of hys allyes nigh vnto Laodicum whiche is in the lande of Oristide of the whiche battaylle the victorye was vncertayne For the ryghte poyncte or wynge of ayther partie was brokene and putte to flyght By occasion whereof aither of the sayd parties reysed and sette vp their Trophe in tokene of victory and fromthence dyd sende their spoylles that they hadde gotten of thennemyes to be offered at the temple of Delphos For there was also many deade aswelle on the one parte as of the other And bifore that yt myght be parceyued who hadde the victorye or better the nyght departedde theym Neuerthelas the Tegetes kepte the campe all that same nyght and dyd sette vp euen at the same houre their trophe vpon that self place And the Mantynyans retyred into Bucolion And within a certaine tyme after dyd â—ett vp theirs dyrectly agaynst the other Aboute the ende of wynter Brasidas enterprisedde secretly to haue taken Potidea Hauyng some intelligence and confederacioÌ„ of some that were wythin And he came by nyght vnto the walle and raysed vp his ladders for to mount bifore that they of the towne parceyued it For he had espyeall there that whan the watche was changed he that hadde the kepynge of that same quarter of the walle remoued to go to an other place Whiche thinge Brasidas vnderstoode by the sowne of a lytle belle which he of the watche dyd ringe departyng frome hys place and caryed it into the other quarter Wherby whilest he was in remouyng and bifore that he was come agayne into hys place the ladders were reysed vp But as Brasidas woulde haue mounted the matter was perceyued Whereby he was constrayned to retyre that selfe nyght with his armye Thus endeth the wynter of that same yeare whiche was the nyneth of the warre that Thucydides hathe wryttone And so endeth the fourth booke ¶ Howe the Athenians by the conducte of Cleon didde take the cytie of Torone from the Peloponesians And of one voyage that Pheax Athenyen made into Italy and into Sycile ☞ The fyrste Chapter THE somer followyng ended the firste yeare of the trefues to wytte the daye of the feaste of Pythie Durynge whiche tyme the Athenyans chased oute of the Isle of Delos those that therein inhabyted for that that they thought for some auncient consideracion that they were not good lyuers And that there rested but onely that for â—accomplyshe the purgacion of the place whereof we haue spokene herebifore And that hauynge taken awaye the sepulcres and monumentes of the dead they shulde also chase fromethence the lyuynge euylle lyuers for to please and pacefye the goddes And they that were dryuene fromethence repaired into the towne Atramyteum in the countrey of Asie to whome Pharmaces dyd geue place for to inhabitte as they came thider After that the trefues was ended Cleon went wyth thyrty shyppes into Thrace Hauynge in the same shyppes twelue houndredde footemenne all well armed beinge all Athenyans and three houndred horsemen with a greate nomber of allyesâ— by consente of the Athenyans whome the sayed Cleon hadde thereunto inducedde and perswadedde And beynge aryuedde bifore Scyona whiche was yet besieged he dydde take a certene nomber of the garnisone which was at the siege and wente therewith to the porte of Colophonians which was not farre distante frome the cytie of Torone And vnderstandynge by certayne fugityues that Brasidas was not there and that those that he hadde left there coulde not resiste hys puislance he descendedde frome the shyppes and came by lande agaynste the cytie hauynge lefte twentye of hys shyppes for to enuirone and enclose the porte And he wente directly agaynste the newe walâ—les and rampars that Brasidas hadde made for to enclose the suburbes wythin the towne And to the intente that it shoulde haue bene all one forte he dydde beate downe the olde walles that deuydedde the towne frome the suburbs So the Athenyans dydde comme at the aryualle to geue the assaulte to the walles Agaynste whome Pasilelidas who was lefte capytayne wythin for to defende the towne resisted as welle as he myght with the people that he hadde But seynge that he coulde not preuaylle and also fearynge that those whiche were in the shyppes aboute the porte shoulde enter into the towne
vertue and I wol declare for my parte that I can aswell fyght beyng nygh and at hande stroackes as I can exhorte and encourage other beinge a farre of Brasidas hauynge thus anymated hys people he putteth them in order for to issue fourth wyth hym and lykewyse those that shulde comme afterwardes wyth Clearidas out of the gate of Thrace as is bifore saide But forsomuche as he hadde bene sene by the enemys whan he descended frome Cerdylium and also after that he was entred into the towneâ— specyally in makynge hys sacrefyce in the temple of the goddesse Pallas whyche is wythout the towne very nyghe vnto the walles Cleon was aduertised that there was some enterpryse in hande as he was in markynge the countrey rounde aboute the towne lyke as hath bene byfore sayed Whyche thynge might easely be knowen aswell for that that it myght clerely and playnly be sene that they that were wythin the towne did arme themself as also for that that a man myght see at the yssuinge of the gates the marchinges and the traicte of the people and of horses that issued fourth wherof the same Cleon was greatly astonied and soubdaynely descended from the place wherin he was for to see if it were so And after that he had knowin that it was the verytie hauynge already determined not to fyght vntill hys succours whyche he attended and loked for shulde haue bene arryued and consyderynge that if he dydde retyre by the coste that he had marked and deuysed he shulde tomuche clerely bene sene he caused a sigâ—e of retraytte to be geuene and afterwards dyd commaunde hys people that they shulde begynne to retyre frome of the syde of the lefte poyncte for on the othere poincte it was not possible and that they shulde make towardes Eiona But seynge that those of the sayd lefte poynct dyd marche to slackly he caused them of the ryght poyncte wherein he was to tourne into that parte and there he himself wente leauynge by that meane the myddell of the battaille nakedde and discouered makynge the mooste dylygence that he myght for to retyre Durynge thys tyme Brasydas knowynge that it was tyme to marche parceyuinge specyally the enemys to wauer he sayd vnto them that were wyth hym and lykewise vnto the other thies people woll not tary for ye see howe their speares and their heddes remoue to and frome and neuer people dyd that whyche were wylling to fyght Therfore open the gates and let vs wyth greate couraige charge vpon them wyth the moste diligence that we may And fourthwyth the gates were opened in that quarter that he had appoyncted aswell those same of the towne as the same of the rampare and of the longe walle and yssued wyth hys people in a greate course kepyng the straight way where a man may presently see the Trophee in token of victorye raysed vp And so he rushed into the middell of the battayle of the ennemys whyche he founde hooly astonyed for the disorder and sore afrayed for the hardynes of their ennemyes In suche sorte that he dyd putt theÌ„ incontynently to flyght And sone after Clearydas yssued fourthe by the gate of Thrace lyke as he had bene appoyncted who rushed in on the other sydeâ— wherof the Athenyans parceyuinge themselfe so soubdaynely and contrary to their expectacyon assayled on all partes were yet more afraied insomuch that they that were in the lefte poyncte who had takene the waye of Eione dydde flye wyhoute annye order In thys meane tyme Brasydas charginge vpon the ryghte poinct was soore hurte so that he dydde fall to the earthe but byfore that the Athenyans dydde parceyue yt he was releuedde by his men that were aboute him And yett neuerthelas the ryghte poyncte of the sayde Athenyans kepte it selfe most fyrme But whan Cleon dydde parceyue that it was noo tyme to tarye annye longer he fledde and so was encountredde by a footeman of the ennemyes Myrciniens who dydde slaye hym And yet neuerthelas those that were wythe hym stode in their defence agaynst Clearydas at the mountyng of the hyll and there they dyd fyghte valiantly vntill that the horsemen and fotemen lightly armed aswel Marcynians as Chalcydes came vpoÌ„ theÌ„ who wyth stroakes ofâ— shot constrayned them to forsake the place and to flye And by that meane all the hooste of the Athenyans was brokenne and fledde awaye some one waye and the other on the other syde euery one the beste that he coulde towardes the mountaignes And they that coulde eskape retyred to Eiona After that Brasidas was brought agayne into the cytie bifore that he rendredde the sprytte he knewe that he had had the victorye and lyued not longe after As touchyng Clearydas he pursued the enemyes as farre as he could wyth the rest of the souldiars After he came agayne into the place of the battaille and whan they hadde spoylledde the deade they sette vppe their Trophee in the same place in tokenne of vyctorye And that done they all accompaygnyedde the bodye of Brasidas wyth the habillementes and othere furnyture and buryedde yt wythin the cytie bifore the markett place whyche at thys presente is there In whyche place the Amphipolitâ—ins causedde afterwardes to be edyfyedde for hym a ryghte honnorable sepulcre and a Chapell as for a saynct And decrede ordeyned sacrifices vnto hym as sayncts had with tourneys and yearely honnors And also they attrybuted vnto hym the tytle to haue founded and peopled the cytie And all thynge that was founde by wrytynge or by payntinge and grauynge makynge memorye of Agnon who hadde bene their founder they toke awaye and defaced reputynge Brasidas to be their delyuerer And they dydde the rather thys thynge for to please the Lacedemonyans for feare that they had afterwardes of the Athenyans For they also thought yt moore their proffitt and their honnour for to exhybitte those honnour 's vnto Brasidas than vnto Agnon for the enmytie that they hadde agaynste the Athenyans Unto whom neuerthelas they dydde render their deade corpses whyche were founde aboutes sixe houndredde where of the othere were founde but seuenne By meane that thys was not properly a battaylle but a soubdayne onsett wherein there was no greate reesistence Aftere that the corpses were rendredde the Athenyans retournedde by sea vnto Athenes and Clearydas wythe hys people abodde in the Cytie for to geue order in the gouernemente thereof Thys ouerthrowe happened aboute the ende of Sommer In whyche selfe tyme Ramphias and Authocaridas Lacedemonyans conductedde by sea nyne houndred men of warre into the countrey of Thrace for to renforce and strengthene the armye of the Peloponesians And they beyng arryued in the cytie of Heraclee in the contreye of Trachine whiles they were geuynge order for the affayres of the towne hadde newes thereof How the Lacedemonians made peace for themselfe and theire allyes and afterwardes howe they made allyance amonge themself wythoute the othere ☞ The .iii. Chaptre IN the begynnynge of wynter
that they had made with the said LacedemonyaÌ„s though they woulde not accepte the appoynctemente made wyth the Athenyans considered that they myght not do it withoute beynge periured towardes the sayde Thracyans And by the Chapitre of their allyance it was ordeyned that the lesser partie ought to accepte that whych the greater partie shulde do excepte that yt were empesched and lette by the goddes or by saynctes whyche thynge they reputed to haue happened in thys case For by doinge contrary to their othe they shulde offende the goddes by whome they hadde sworne And thys is it whyche they aunswered concernynge thys artycle To the remanante as touchynge the allyance of the Argiues they made them aunswere that hauynge therupon consulted wyth their frendes they woulde doo that thynge that they shulde fynde to be iuste and reasonable The Ambassadours of the sayde Lacedemonyans being vpon this despeche departedde the Corynthyans caused those of the Argiues to come into their counsaille whyche were already in the Cytie bifore departure of the other and shewed them that they ought not to deferre or put of to make allyaunce wyth them but that they shulde comme agayne in the nexte counsaille for to conclude yt In thys meane tyme the Ambassadours of the Elyans arryued who furste dydde make allyance wyth the Corinthians And fromthence by their ordenance they wente to Argos where as they made the lyke for also they were dyspleased wyth the Lacedemonyans for somuche as byfore the warre with the Athenyans certayn Arcadyans makinge warre agaynst the Leprates they had recours to the Elyans and promysed theym that yf they woulde succoure them they woolde geue themself vnto them after the warre fynished and that after the sayde Arcadyans shulde be rechasedde that they woolde also geue theym the moytie or one halfe of the fruictes of their lande By occasyon wherof the said Leprates beinge delyuered from the warre the Elians conuenanted wyth them that hadde landes for to laboure that they altogithere shulde paye one talente of golde whyche shulde be offred in the temple of Iupiter in Olympus whiche trybute they payde wythoute contradictyon vntil the warre bitwene the Athenians and Peloponesians But afterwardes they refused to paye yt takynge their excuse vpon the charges whyche they dyd susteigne by meane of the warre And for that that the Elyans woolde haue thereunto constrayned them they repayred to the Lacedemonyans vnto whome the sayde Elyans were contente for to commyt the questyon But afterwardes fearynge leaste they woolde iudge agaynste them they made no further pursuyte therin bifore them but wente to ouerronne the lande of the sayde Leprates That notwythstandyng the sayd Lacedemonyans dyd pronounce their sentence whereby they dyd declare that the sayde Leprates were in nothynge bounden to the Elyans and that those Elyans wrongfully and for an euyll cause hadde ouerronne their land And the said Lacedemonyans parceyuinge that the sayde Elyans woolde not obey their iudgemente they sente their people to the succours of the sayde Leprates By occasion whereof the Elyans pretended that the Lacedemonyans had done against the treatie of allyance whyche was made bytwene those Lacedemonyans and the othere Peloponesyans by the whych yt was prouyded that the landes that â—uery of the sayde Cyties dydde holde at begynnynge of the sayde warre shulde remayne vnto ytâ— sayinge that those Lacedemonyans hadde wythdrawin frome them the sayde towne of Lepreates whych was their tributayre And vpon this occasion they made allyance wyth the sayd Argiues And soone after the Corinthians and the Chalcydes that be in Thrace dyd also make yt The Beotians Megarens were in wauerynge to do the lyke pretendynge to haue bene smallye estemed by the sayde Lacedemonyans But afterwardes they dydde take better aduysemente consyderynge that the manner of lyuynge of the Argyues which was the gouernemente of the common people was not so conuenable for them as that same of the Lacedemonyans who dydde gouerne themselfe by a nomber of people that is to say by a counsaylle whyche hadde all the authorytie ¶ How the Athenyans and Lacedemonyans entermeddledde and vsed theire traffique that same sommer lyuynge in doubte and dissimulation the one wyth the othere and of certayne feates and treaties that were made durynge the sayde sommer on bothe sydes ☞ The .v. Chapter DUrynge the sommer whereof we speake the Athenyans dyd take the cytie of Sycione and dyd slay all the men of .xiiii. yeres and vpwards and dydde delyuer theire lande to the Plateans for to laboure moreouer dydde reduce and brynge agayne to Delos the Cytezeins that were dryuene and chasedde fromthence hauynge regarde aswell to the dommaiges which they had susteigned throughe the warre as also to the oracles of the goddes The Phocyans also and the Locrians beganne to warre among them And the Corinthians and Argyues that already had made allyaunce togiders came to the cytie of Tegee hopyng for to wythdrawe it from the obeissance and allyance of the Lacedemonians And by meane thereof considered that it hadde a great terrytorie to withdrawe all Peloponese But the Corinthians parceuing that those of Tegee wolde not departe from the Lacedemonyans for anny euyll wyll that they bifore tyme had had agaynste the same Lacedemonyans they retourned very quickly for they feared that no othere woolde afterwardes render themselfe vnto them sens that those there had refused yt And yet notwythstandynge they sente vnto the Beotians for to require them to be wylling to reallie themself wyth theÌ„ and with the Argyues to the reste that they shuld gouerne themself by common accorde And moreouer for somuche as the sayde Beotians had takene a trefues of tenne dayes wyth the Athenyans soone aftere the conclusyon of the peace of fyftie yeares wherof we haue spokene here bifore they requyred them that they woolde sende an Ambassade wyth theym to the Athenyans to whome they wolde go for to compryse theym in the sayde trefues and in case they woolde not do ytt that the sayd Beotyans shuld renounce the said trefues and shulde not afterwardes make annye treatie of peace nor of trefues wythout the sayde Corynthyans whereunto the Beotiens made aunswere that as touchynge the allyaunce they woulde consulte and determyne vpon yt And as for the reste that they woolde sende of theire people wythe theyme to Athenes and woolde requyre the sayde Athenyans to be wyllynge to compryse the sayde Corinthyans in the trefues of tenne dayes But the Athenyans made aunswere that if the sayde Corinthyans were allyedde wyth the Lacedemonyans they were suffyciently allyedde wyth them and that they nededde no other thynge Parceyuynge whyche aunswere the sayde Corinthyans made instance vnto the Beotians that they shulde renouÌ„ce the trefues of tenne dayes but they woulde not for all that do it And finally the Athenyans were content to make trefues with the Corinthyans wythout anny allyance That same sommer the Lacedemonyans wyth their armye vnder conducte of Plistoanactes their kinge went agaynst the
allyance wyth them Whiche offres the saide two Argyues dyd make of their pryuate authoryte wythout knowlayge or coÌ„sente of the othere wherunto Agis made them aunswere likewise without therevnto calling anny other parsone but only one of the iudges or threasurers of the armye who was appoynctedde to hym for a compaignyon in that same warre amongest them four they concluded a trefues for foure moneths Duryng the which tyme the causes aboue sayd shuld haue bene treated vpon And that done Agis retyred wyth hys people wtout speaking otherwise to any of the allyes nor also wyth the Lacedemonyans All the whyche dyd followe him for that that he was generall of the armye and for to obsarue the souldarly lawe and disciplyne But that not wythstandynge they blamed hym greatly for thys that hauynge one so greate and apparante occasyon of victoire consydered that the ennemyes were enclosed on all sydes aswell wyth footemen as also wyth horsmen he departed fromthence wythout doynge there annye thynge worthye of so fayre an armye whyche was one of the greatest that the Grekes had yet made in all that warre and retyredde all vnto Nemea where they soiournedde certayne dayes Beynge in whyche place yt was iudged by all the Capytayns and chief of warre that they were puyssaunte ynough for to defeate not only the Argiues and their allyes but also muche more people if they had bene there and fromthence they retourned all throughly angred euery one vnto hys quarter But yet the Argyues were more displeased agaynste the twooâ— whyche hadde accordedde the appoynctmeÌ„t for their partie saying that the LacedemoniaÌ„s shuld neuer haue had so honneste occasion for to wythdrawe themself to their aduauntaige for they thoughte that hauinge so fayer an armye aswell of their owne people as of their allyes and moreouer beynge wythin the viewe of their cytie they shulde easelye haue defeated the sayde Lacedemonyans Beinge than departedde fromthence they went altogyders into the towne of Charadrus in the whyche before that they entred into their cytie wold leue of their armure they were willyng both to knowe of the warre and to determyne of the questyons of the warre and of the mylytary souldearly causes And so they concluded amonge other for to stoane Thrasylus But he saued hymself wythin the temple and yet neuerthelas they confiskated all his monney that he had there In thies enterfaictes and they beynge yet there aryued a thousand fotemen fyue houÌ„dred horsmen whom Lachetes and Nicostratus brought vnto them from Athens vnto whom they said that they shulde retourne for it greuedde theym to breake the appoinctemente that hadde bene concludedde wythe the Lacedemonyans in whatsoeuere manner that it hadde bene made And although that the sayde Capytaynes of the Athenyans demaunded to be presentedde wyth their people vnto the comynaltie of Argos yet the sayde Capytaynes of the armye woolde not agree vnto yt vntill that the Mantynyans and the Elyans wythe greate requeste hadde obteignedde yt of the Argyues Beynge than broughte in bifore the commons of Argos and byfore the allyes that were yett there Alcibiades who was generall of all the bende shewedde theym that they hadde no power to make peace nothere treatye wythe the ennemyes wythoute their consente and sithens that he was there acyuedde at the terme that he hadde promysed wythe hys bende that they oughte to begynne the warre agayne And in suche manner he perswaded theym by hys oratyon that they departed all at that presente for to goo agaynste Orchomenia whyche is in the countrey of Arcadie excepte the Argiues who albeit that they hadde bene of the same opynyone were neuerthelas slacke but soone afterwardes they dydde followe the othere and all togyders dydde laye siege to Orchomenia and vsedde all the force that they myghte for to take yt aswelle wyth Engynes of artillerye as otherewyse for they hadde greate desyre to take the same towne for manye reasons but pryncypallye for thys that the Lacedemonyans hadde bestowedde there wythin yt all the hostages that they hadde takenne of the Arcadyans The Orchomenyans fearynge to be takenne by force byfore that the succoures myghte comme vnto theyme for that that theire walles were not stronge and that the ennemyes were in ryghte greate nomber they made appoynctemente wyth theym by meane whereof they became theire allyes in rendrynge the hoostages that were wythin the towne and in delyuerynge some for theymselfe vnto the Mantynyans Aftere that the Athenyans and othere allyes hadde takenne Orchomenia they deuysedde whider they shoulde goo at theire departure fromethence For the Elyans woolde that they shulde haue gone into Lepreum the Manâ—ynians into Tegea vnto whose opynion the Athenyans and Argiues dyd agree wherupon the Elyans despised theÌ„ and retournedde fromthence into their houses The other abodde at Mantinea and preparedde them selfe for to go to Tegea where they had some coÌ„federation wyth certaine of the people of the towne who shulde haue brought them into it The Lacedemonyans after that they were retourned from Argos blaymedde greatly Agis for the trefues that he had made and that he had not brought the sayde cytie into their obeissance hauynge the fairest occasion and the beste meane that euer they myghte haue hadde nothere wythoute greate payne coulde haue For yt semed vnto them very difficille and harde for to assemble agayne at an other tyme one so fayere an armye of theire allyes as that same was there But whan the newes came of the takynge of Orchomenus they were muche moore angry and anymated agaynst hym In such sorte that they determyned to beate and battre downe hys howse whyche thynge had not bene sene in the cytie and for to condempne hym in a houndred thousande drachmes so greate was their anger against him Yet notwythstandinge he so excused hymself and made vnto them so many requestes thereby promysinge to recompense â—hat same â—aulte by some other greate saruyce if they woulde lett hym haue the charge of the army wythoute doynge that whyche they hadde determyned agaynste hym that they were contente to leaue to hym the sayde charge wythout doyng hym other euil But neuerthelas they made a newe lawe whych neuer bifore hadde bene made wâ—ereby they created twelue counsaillours of the said cytie of Sparte for to assiste hym wythout whome he might nother conducte an armye out of the cytie nor make peace trefues nor treatie wyth the ennemyes Howe the Lacedemonyans and their allyes dyd wynne one battaille againste the Athenyans the Argiues and their other allyes in the lande of Mantynyans ☞ The .ix. Chaptre IN thys meane tyme dyd come a messenger froÌ„ Tegea who broughte theym newes frome those in the towne that if they were not ryghte shortely succoured they shulde be constraynedde for to render themâ—elfe vnto the Argiues and to their allyes wherof the LacedemonyaÌ„s were greatly astonyed and thereupon dyd all arme themself aswel fre as bonde wyth greater diligence than euer they had done and wente fromthence to
allyes beinge in flyght their battaille was brokenne on bothe sydes whereby the Athenyans that were in the lefte poynct were in great daunger For that that the Lacedemonyans and the Tegeates whyche were in the ryghte poyncte of the ennemyes had enclosed them on the one syde and on the other their allyes were vainquished and had not it bene for the succour whiche they had with their horsemen they had bene all destroyed And also in thies enterfaictes Agis beinge aduertysed that those that were in the lefte poyncte of his battaille dyrectly agaynste the Mantynyans and the thousand souldears Argyues were in greate parille he commaunded all his people that they shuld go to succour them which thing they dyd by meane wherof the Athenians had leasure to saue themself with the Argiues which had bene vainquished And as touchinge the Mantynyans and the thousand sonldyars of the Argiues they hadde no hart any loÌ„ger to poursue against them that were opposit or directly against them but yet seinge their people beaten or ouercomme and the Lacedemonyans that came to ouerronne them they dyd lykewise flye and therin many of the Mantynyans were slayne but the more parte of the thousande souldyars Argiues saued themselfe in retyringe all fayer and easely wythout flying in disaraye For also the customme of the Lacedemonyans ys to fight aâ—grelye and longe vntill they haue putt their ennemyes to flyghte but afterwardes as they see them flye they follow not them longe And suche was the yssue of that same battayl the whiche was the greateste and mooste sharpe amonge alle the othere that the Grekes had hadde togider for also the same was betwene the mooste puissance Cyties of Grece After the victorie the Lacedemonyans spoilled furst the dead bodies of the ennemyes of their harnes wherw t they dressedde their Trophee and than they spoilled them of their habillemeÌ„tes and apparell which they caryed away and that done they rendred the Cariogns to the ennemyes that requyred them As touching theirs they caused them to be caryed into the towne of Tegea and there they caused them to be honnorably engraued or buryedde The nomber of them that dyed in that battaille was of the Argiues Orneates and Cleonyans aboutes leuene houndred of the Mantynyans two houndred and of the Athenyans and Argyues asmany amongeste whome were Dukes and Capytaines of the same Athenyans and Argiues On the Lacedemonyans parte there was not so many as there nedeth any greate memory of them and also the nomber is not well knowen but it is comonly sayde that there dyed of them aboutes thre houndred Nowe was it happened that at the houre whan the battaille shulde be made Plistoanax the other kynge of Lacedemony yssued wythe the olde and yonge people of the Cytie for to comme to the succours of the othere But being comme to Tegea and there vnderstandinge the newes of the victorye he retourned and so contremanded or wylled the Corinthians and othere allyes that be out of the distraict of Peloponese whyche came lykewyse to the succoures of the sayde Lacedemonyans to repaire homewardes and geuyng lycence to certayne estrangers that were wyth them to departe they afterwarde celebrated theire feast which is named Carnea And by this meane they reuenged and blotted out the infamie and shame which they had receyued of the Athenyans aiwelle in the Island as in other places wherby they were reputed nyce people and euil warriours through this only victory and yt was knoweÌ„ that that which bifore tyme had happened vnto them was through fortune of warre but that their vertue and force therin was such as had bene accustomed It chaunsed also that the day bifore the sayd battaille the Epidaurians thinking that the Argiues had bene al gone to that same battaill by that meane that the Cytie remayned voide or desolate they came with al their strength or power for to enter into their land and did slay some of their cytezeins that were left for defence of the cytie whych came fourth against them But thre thousand Elyans which did come to the succour of Mantynyans and a thousand Athenyans which lykewyse came to the succour of theirs togiders wyth those that were eskaped from the battaille ioigned themself togider and went all agaynst Epidaure And in the meane tyme that the Lacedemonyans made their feaste of Carnea they assieged the sayde cytie on all sydes departynge the quartiers amonge them and they enclosed yt wyth walles And the Athenyans in the quarter that was geuene or appoyncted to them after that the other dyd ceasse to worke they fortefyed the temple of Iuno whyche was wythout the cytie in their sayd quarter and therin placinge a good garnysonne they afterwardes retournedde fromethence into theire houses And so the sommer endedde ¶ How the peace was made bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues and afterwardes the allyance And of some other thinges that were done aswell on the parte of the Lacedemonyans as of the same of the Athenyans wythout anny declaration of warre ☞ The .x. Chapter IN the begynnyge of the wynter followynge the Lacedemonyans hauinge celebrated their feaste of Carnea the yssued into the feldes and wente towardes Tegea Being in which place they sente of their oune mynde their messengers vnto the Argyues for to treate the appoinctmente Nowe there was in the cytie of Argos many that were the chiefest with the Lacedemonyans the whyche furthere desyred to abolishe the estate and gouernance of the common people whyche was in the cytie and to bringe it vnto a small nomber And after the battaille loste founde manye of the people of theire opynyon And for to do that they wolde furste make peace wyth the Lacedemonyans and that done afterwardes make the allyance by meanes whereof they hoped to subdewe the people The Lacedemonyans dydde than seâ—de Lychas the sonne of Arcesilaus for to treate the peace for that that he had a house in the towne to whome they gaue charge for to demaunde of theym the one of twoo thynges to wyt in what force they wolde make warre if they woolde haue yt or peace if that they desyred peace whereupon there were greate altercations for that that Alcibiades was there who trauailled to the contrary wyth hys power But fynally they that toke parte wyth the Lacedemonyans had furste so declared their myndes and vsed suche diligence that they induced the comon people to make and accepte the sayde peace in manner that followeth The fourme of the peace bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues IT pleaseth the counsaill of the Lacedemonyans to make peace with the Argiues in this manner to wytt that the Argyues shall render to the Orchomenyans their childrene to the Menaliens their Cytezeins and those that were wythin Mantinea to the LacedemoniaÌ„s And further that they shulde wythdrawe their people whiche they hadde bifore Epidaure and rase downe the walle whyche they hadde there made And if the Athenyans wolde not wythdrawe theirs fromthence
ambassadours were sent vnto them aswell by those that were chased fromthence as also by those that gouernedde the towne the which were hearde by the Lacedemoniās in the presence of their allyes And after that the thinges were at lengthe debated it was declared that the gouernours were wronfully and wtout cause bannished and was concluded to go thider in armure and by force to place thē agayne wythin the towne but the execution beinge to longe delayed they that were wythin the towne fearynge to be ouercomme and takene reallied themself afreshe wyth the Athenyans thinking to be by them garded and defended and that done they caused soubdainelye the walls to be made from the towne vnto the sea to the ende that if they were empesched or lett to haue victuails by lande they might yet haue them by sea andthys they dyd hauinge intelligence wyth some of the Cyties of Peloponese in so great diligence that there was not man nor woman yonge nor olde small nor great that imploied not himself therin Also the Athenyans sente thider all their masons carpenters so that the said walls were acheued and fynished at the ende of sommer Whych parceued the Lacedemonyans assembled all their allyes except the Corinthians and in the beginning of wynter they wente to make warre against them vnder conducte of their king Agis And they had also some intellygence in the towne of Argos but seinge that it came not to effecte they toke the walles whyche were newely made and not fully fynished by force and rasedde them downe And afterwardes they dyd take a small towne that was in the terrytorye of the sayde Argos named Hysias by assault and dyd slaye all the notable or beste men that they founde wythin it and afterwardes retourned fromethence into their houses And sone after the Argyues yssued fourth of their town wyth all their force agaynste the Phliasians pillagedde alle their lande for somuche as they hadde receyuedde their exiles or bannyshedde men of whome some had there houses and heredytamentes and afterwardes retourned fromthence into their towne That same wynter the Athenyans made warre against Perdiccas in Macedonie vnder colour of thys that they sayde that he had conspired against them with the Lacedemonyans and the Argiues and that whan the same Athenyās had prepared their army for to sende them into Thrace against the Chalcydes and the Amphipolites vnder the conducte of Nyrias he hadde dissembled wyth them in suche sorte that the sayde enterpryse coulde not be executed and by that meane he was declared their enemy And in thies entrefaicts passed that winter which was the ende of the fourtenth yere of that same warre At begynnynge of the sommer followynge Alcibiades wyth twenty shipps passed into Argos and there beinge entred into the cytie he toke three houndred of the burgeoses of the towne whyche he suspected to take the parte wyth the Lacedemonyans whome he caused to departe and to be caryed into the Islandes whyche the Athenyans gouernedde in that same quarter Howe Lytie of Meleas was as sieged and fynally taken by the Athenyans and some other thynges that were done that self same yeare ☞ The .xi. Chapte IN that same tyme the Athenyans also sente an othere armye by sea with thirty shyppes of theirs agaynste the Islande of Meleas in whych shippes there were twelue houndredde men well armed three houndredde Archers and twentye lyghte horses and moreouer there was in that same armye sixe shippes of those of Chio and two of those of Lesbos besydes the ayde whyche they hadde of their othere allyes and of those of the selfe Islande whyche amountedde to aboutes a thousande fyue houndredde men Nowe were the Meliens Burgeoses of the Lacedemonyans and refused to be vnder the obeissaunce of the Athenyans like as all the othere Isles of that same sea Notwythstandynge that from the begynnynge they were not so declaredde agaynste them But for that that the Athenyans woulde constrayne theym to declare themself and for that cause had burned and wasted that their lande they shewedde themself openly their ennemys and entred in warre agaynste theym The sayde armye beynge than arryued in the sayd Islande Cleomedes sonne of Lycomedes and Tisias sonne of Tysymachus who were the Capytains bifore they dyd any dammaige to them of the Islande they sente certayn of the Ambassadours vnto them of the citie for to speake with them who were hearde not bifore all the commons but before the officers and those of the counsaille onelye So they declaredde their charge and were aunswered and the matter debated betwene them lyke as herafter followeth in manner of a dyalogue ¶ The conferringe or talke that was bitwene the Ambassadors of the Athenyans and of the offycers of Meleas for to treate the appoynctemente betwene them ☞ The .xii. Chapter FUrste the Athenyans dyd speake in this manner Sirs we parceyue well that youe are not willinge that wee shulde speake before alle the commynaltie but only in thys assembley fearinge leste thoughe that we shulde haue had by long oration declared in presence of the whole commynaltie all true and reasonable thynges yet that not wythstandynge that same commons not hauinge otherwyse debatedde the matter frome poyncte to poyncte myghte thereby be induced to commyt some erroure wherfore yt ys expedient that ye do that lyke to wytt that ye declare not your purpose rashly or all at ones but frō poincte to poinct so that if you shal see that we say any thing that is impertinent or vnreasonable ye may answere therunto and tel vs your opyniō therin And bifore all thinges declare vnto vs if this manner of speakynge which we do propone vnto youe be to your contentatyon or not The Melyans Truly lordes this facyon of speakynge aparte and debatynge causes wyth leasure ys not to be blaymedde But there ys one thynge that semethe vnto vs contrarye and repugnante to this that is that ye cōme not to speake of warre to follow but of the same that presently is already wherefore we parceyue well that youe wolbe iudges of thys presente communycation And that the ende thereof shal be suche that though we vainquishe youe by reason and therefore do not agree to your will yet you wille warre agaynst vs. And if we consent to that whiche you wolle we shall remayne youre subiectes and in youre bondage The Athenyans Uerely if ye be here assēbled for to debate of matters that maye chance or for any other matter than for to prouyde for the estate and wealth of your cytie in the estate that the thynges be it is not nedefull that we speake further therein but yf ye◠be come for this purpose we wolle speake therof The Melyans It standethe with all reasone and also to be licencedde that people that be in suche perplextie shulde shewe many reasons and change many purposes hauing regarde to manye thinges considered that the question is of oure wealth Wherefore it it please you
thēself haue abhorred the name of seruytude which they reputed to be dishonest haue rather endured the name to be ouercome whiche they reputed more honorable Whereby they afterwardes in effect incurred through their tomuche knowlaige into incurable calamities and so haue receiued greater shame by their symplenes folly than they shuld haue had by fortune if they wold haue endured it wherunto if ye be wise you wol haue regarde And so ye ought not to repute nor take it for shame to geue place or submyt your self to one so puissant a citie as Athens is which demandeth but a thing reasonable to witt that you shulde be his allyes in paying him trybute And sence that choyse is geuen you aither to proue the hazart of warre or to put your chaunce in suertie ye ought not by fantasies contencions to chose the worser For as it is wisdome also comonly it prospereth not to be willing to geue place or to submytt himself vnto his egalles whan that a man maye honestly defende him euene so is it to relente towardes them that be the strōger and likewise for the mightier for to vse humanitie modestie towardes the weaker Withdrawe your self therfore aparte without vs and consider diligently that you consult of the welth or of the losse of your partie euen at this instant that you haue no longer lesure and that by the cōclusion that you shall take therin you shal make it happy or vnhappy For this purpose that Melians did withdrawe themselfe aparte and after y◠they had consulted togider determyned againe to deny the demande of the Atheniās they answered in this manner The Melians Lordes Athenyans we be of none other opinion than lately we were and we cannot be willinge to lose in so shorte time the lybertie whiche we haue kept and enioyed from seuen houndred yeares hitherto whiche arne passed sence our cytie was founded but rather wyth the fortune whiche hathe ayded vs vnto this present daye and with the ayde of our frendes chiefly the Lacedemonyans we be determyned for to defende and consarue our cytie prayinge you neuerthelas to be content that we may be youre frendes without beinge ennemyes of the other in this manner making treatie with vs afterwardes to withdrawe you out of our lande And whan the Melyans had thus spoken the Athenyans who had withdrawin themself from the conferring or comunication answered them in this manner The Athenyans we see well that you alone through youre opinion and euill counsaille do holde the thinges to comme for more certayne than those which you se bifore you eyis and you thinke that you see in effect alreadye the thinges that lye in the determynation of other as though they were in execution wherby through to muche trustinge in the Lacedemonyans and in fortune and puttinge youre cause in vayne hope ye shall fall into greater ruyne In this manner the ambassadours of the Athenyans retourned fromethence into their campe without hauing concluded any thynge Whereupon the Dukes and capytaynes parceiuinge that there was no hope to wynne the towne by composition preparedde themself to take it by force So they departedde themselfe by bendes into the townes borderinge nighe aboute and enclosedde the cytie wyth a walle rounde aboutes and that done leauinge a good garnisone aswelle of their people of Athenes as of their allyes and bothe by sea and also by lande the more parte of the armye retourned fromethence In that same tyme the Argiues being entredde into the lande of the Phiasians were circumuented by them of the towne and by the bannyshmedde men of the sayed Argiues who were in an embuschemente in suche manner that there were slayne foure skore of their people And on the other syde the Athenians that were within Pylus made a course bifore the cytie of Lacedemony and caryedde awaye fromethence a good bouttye And yet for al this the Lacedemonians reputed not the trefues broken nother would begyn warre but only they made a decree by which they permytted that their people might likewise ouerronne pillage the lande of the sayd Atheniās And there was not of al the cyties of Peloponese one that made warre against the sayd Athenians but onely the Corynthians who made it for their particuler quarelles The siege than being bifore the cytie of Meleas they that were within yssuedde fourth in a night vpon them that kept the siege next to the syde of the markette place and did take the wall that they had made in that quarter and slewe a nōber of them that kept ytt moreouer caryed away a good quantitie of corne and of other victuailles into the towne afterwardes locked themself againe within without doing any other thing during that sommer Wherupon the Athenyans were afterwardes more vigilant to kepe better watche in the nyght And in thies enterfaictes that same somer passed In the beginning of the wynter followynge the Lacedemonyans hauing determyned for to enter into the lande of the Argiues in fauour of the banysshed men for that they had not the sacrifices propice or fauourable they retourned to their houses but that notwithstandynge some of the Argiues that attended their coming were takene vpon suspition by thoder cytezeins some other of their oune will bannysshed thēself fearing to be takē In this season the Melyans also yssuedde an other tyme out of the other syde of the cytie and did lykewise take the walle that the Athenians had made in that same quarter by meane that there were fewe people for to kepe it by occasion whereof the Athenyans sente thider a greater strength vnder the conduct of Philocrates sonne of Eudemus who hauing made great preparations for to geue assaulte to the towne they that were within by meane of a mutyne and trahisone that was amongest them yelded themself to the wyll of the Athenyans who dyd putt to deathe all the men that they coulde fynde of .xiiii. yeares and vpwardes and the women and children they dyd take for sklaues and caryed them awaye vnto Athens And they left of their people in the towne for to defende it vntyl they had afterwardes sent fyue houndred housholdes for to inhabitt therein Here endeth the fifth booke of the history of Thucydes and begynneth the syxth Of the Isle of Sycille and by what people yt was inhabited And howe the Athenyans enterprysed to sende their armye by sea for to conquere it ☞ The first Chapter THat same wynter the Athenyans determyned to sende againe into Sycille◠an armye by sea greater than that whiche Lachetes and Eurymedon had before tyme ledde thider to the intent to subdewe it if they coulde the more parte of theym not knowinge the greatnes of the Isle nor the multitude of people that inhabited therein aswell Grekes as strangers and they enterprysed a newe warre which was but lyttle lesser than the same of the Peloponesians For the same Isle conteigneth in circuyt somuche as a great shyppe may
of the Islande of Eubâ—a being there landed it was called Cumes And Perieres of the sayed cytie of Cumes in Chalcide Cratemenes of Chalcide were capytaynes of the sayed Grekes that came to inhabytt there And that same cytie was auncyently called zancla for that that it was in fourme of a cycle whiche the Sycilians name in their language zanclaâ— notwythstandynge theis people were afterwardes dryuen oute of the same cytye by the Samyans and certayne other Ionyans who flyinge the persecution of the Medes passed into Sycille but sone after Anaxilas who gouernedde those of Rhege chasedde theyme fromthence and inhabytedde the cytie wyth dyuers sortes and nations of people and calledde it Messena whiche was the name of the cytieâ— wherein he was borne The cytie of Imera was founded by the zanclians who vnder conducte of Euclydes and of Sacon dydde people it wyth certayne people of their nation but sone after came thider manye Chalcydeans and also greate nomber of Syracusains who were chasedde oute of their cytie by their aduersaries the whiche were called Miletides whereupon throughe the menglynge of the sayed two nations one myngled language was made of them two into one to wytt the one halfe Chalcydien and the other halfe Dorien but the manner of lyuinge was after the lawes and customes of the Chalcydians As touchynge the cyties of Acre and of Casmene the Syracusains founded peopled theÌ„ to wytt Acroe aboutes .lxx. yeares after that Syracusa was inhabited and Casmenoe about .xx yeares after the fundatioÌ„ of Acroe And aboutes Cxxxv. yeares after the fundation of Siracusa the same Syracusains dyd builde and people the citie of Camarina vnder the conduct of Daston Menecoles but within shorte tyme after the sayd Camerins rebelâ—ing gainst the Saracusains were by them dryuen froÌ„thence And by succession of tyme Hippocrates who gouerned Sela hauinge taken certaine prysoners of the Siracusains had for their raunsome deliuerance the sayed cytie whiche was desarte and not inhabyted and furnysshedde it with people but wythin shorte tyme after it was destroyed an other tyme by Gelon and afterwardes by hym made agayne and peopledde Beinge than the Islande of Sycille holdene and inhabytedde by so many nations and by so greate nomber of people the Athenyans neuerthelas enterprysed to inuade yt to thintente and for couetice wythout all doubte for to occupye and subdue yt notwithstanding that they did it vnder an honnest coulour to succoure the Chalcydians specially the Egestyans who hadde sent their ambassadours vnto Athens for to require succours of theÌ„ for that that beinge happened a certayne different bitwene them the SelinuntiaÌ„s bicause of a certaine mariage and also for their limittes those Selynuntians had hadde recourse to the Syracusains for that that they were their frendes and allyes who empesched and kept from the sayd Egesâ—yaÌ„s both the sea and the lande For this cause the same Egestains had sent vnto the Athenians puttinge them in remembrance of thauncyente amytie and allyance that they had made with Lachetes Duke of the Athenyans in the warre of Leontyns praying them that they woulde sende their armye by sea for to succoure them and for to enduce parswade them to do yt they alleaged many thynges but principally that if the Syracusains were suffred to do theÌ„ the sayd wroÌ„ges they would afterwardes chase fromethence the Leontyns their allyes and by that meane would make themself Lordes of all the Islande whereby it myghte chaunse that the sayd Syracusainsâ— who be desceÌ„ded of the Doryans that be in Peloponese and were by them sent into Sycille shulde come to succour the sayd Peloponesians against those Athenians for to beate downe destroy their puissance And therefore shewed the sayd AtheniaÌ„s that they shulde do wisely for to preuent the sayd inconuenience in good tyme to succour their sayd allyes to resist the force of the Syracusains And moreouer did offer to fournishe them with monney for to make the warre The which declaratioÌ„s being many times made by the Egestians vnto yâ— people of Athens it was ordoned to seÌ„de furst ambassadours into Sycille for to lerne if the Egestians hadde somuche monney as they reaported further what preparation they had for warre and likewise for to enquire of the puissance and condition of the Selenuntins Which thing was done Of certaine smalle exploictes of warre whiche were done in that same wynter in Grece And howe the Athenyans enterprysed to go with their army into Sycille for to conquere it ☞ The .ii. Chapter THat same wynter the Lacedemonyans for to ayde the Corynthians yssued fourch with their army entred into the territorye of the Argiues which they pillaiged in many partes therof caryed froÌ„thence a small nomber of beastes and a certaine quaÌ„titie of corne and afterwardes made an appoinctment trefues for a certain time bitwene yâ— sayed Argiues that were in the cytie the eriles or bannisshed men whome they lodged againe in the cytie of Ornee vnder this couenant that the one shulde not atteÌ„pte any thing against the other during the sayd tyme and that done they retourned froÌ„thence vnto their houses Shortly after the Athenians came thider with thirtye shippes wherein were seuen houndred souldiars ioigned themself with the Argiues who yssued out of their cytie so many of them as coulde were armure and they al togiders went against Ornee with suche strength that they did take it in one day but yet neuerthelas the night bifore they which were within seing that the siege was farre ynough without the towne they al saued themselfe By occasioÌ„ wherof the Argiues the morowe after fyndyng the towne voyde did vtterly rase it downe And that done they retournedde fromethence into their houses But the same Athenians that were come thider with them did embarque themself againe and sailled fromthence against Methone whiche is in the confyns of Macedonia where they charged or did take in certaine other souldiars aswelle to their ouâ—e people as of the Macedonians horsemen that were bannysshedde out of the countrey and kept themself aboutes the landes of the Athenians and altogether entred into the lande of Perdiccas passed throughe pillaigyng and wastyng it Which parceyued the Lacedemonyans comaunded the Chalcidians that be in Thrace that they shuld go to succour the sayd Perdiccas Which thing they refusedde to do sayinge that they had the tresues wyth the Athenyans for tenne dayes dnrynge the whiche the wynter endedde Whiche was the .xvi. yeare of this warre whiche Thucicides hathe wryâ—tone In the begynnynge of the somerâ— the ambassadours whyche chathenyans had sent into Sycilie retourâ—ed And with them came the Egestians who brought three skore talenâ—es of syluer vncoigned for one monethes payment of .lx. ships whiche they demanded of the Athenyans The sayd ambassadours being than come bifore all the people proponed manye thinges for to perswade them to do that
recouer of their allyes vpon all the which there must be at leaste fyue thousande good warryors and more if it might be and besydes thatâ— a certayne nomber of Archers aswell of their owne as also of the countrey of Crete togiders with all other prouysions necessary for suche an army Which things heard the comoÌ„ people euen at the self houre by a generall decree did gâ—ue full power to the capitains and emperour of that same army for to prouyde for all thyngs to witt aswell for the nomber of men as for all other things necessary as they shuld thinke expedyent After whych delibâ—ration they attended diligently all things that was to be done in the cytie sente vnto their allyes to do the like on their partie for the cytie was already recreated of the grief damage which it had had aswell by the pestilence as by the contynuall warre And also was greatly augmented aswell with people as with monney by meanes of the trefues by occasion wherof the matter was muche soner and more easely executed The Athenyans than beyng attentyse diligent to prepare that whyche was necessary for the same enterprise all the hermes or pictures that were in the citie were in one night broken by the borders the greater parte in the visaige Thies hermes were certen statuers of stone entailled or carued foore kante wâ—â—eâ— which were comonly sett at the encringe into churches other sumptuous edifices as wel publique as priuate the nomber wherof was infynitt wtout that that anye man coulde knowe or haue any manner of token who had done it or who was the author therof although that there was great huyer offred to theÌ„ that shuld haue reuealed or vttred the dede And also it was proclaymed euery where that if there were any parson that had knowlaige of any thing which had ben comitted against the religion of gods he ought to vtter it wtout any fear of whatsoeuer estate he were were he cytizein or stranger free or bonde For they estemed that case much more than it meryted for that that it semed to theÌ„ to be an euill â—igne for that same voyage and a pronostication of a coniuration or conspyracy for to change the comon estate and gouernemeÌ„t of the citie And although that it could by no meane be knowin who did the acte yet neuerthelas certen pryuate persoÌ„s cytezens seruants came and declared that there had bene in times paste certen other statures and images broken by the yongth of the town who did it ayther through childishnes orells through rashnes also that in some particuler houses men did induely make sacrefyces wherw t they vnder a manner charged Alcibiades Wherunto those of whom he was hated dyd wyllyngly geue eare for that that they thought that he empesched them to haue authorytie ouer the people aud that yf they myghte remoue hym they myghte easely haue yt To thys intente they made the thyng more greuous and did sowe and dyuulge it through the towne that those faults which were comytted in sacrefyces and the breking of ymages concerned the subuersion of the comon welth And they fouÌ„ded their opynyon agaynste Alcibiades by manye tokens of his facyon of lyuinge and of the fauour that he had towardes the commons For the whyche they concluded that the same acte coulde not haue bene done wythout hym Wherunto he answered to the contrary offrynge himself to stande to the lawe and for to suffre suche punishmente as appereigned bifore his departure if he were founde coulpable And if he were founde innocent or giltles he desired to be absolued bifore he proceded in that same voiage saynge that yt was not reasonable that informations shulde be taken or any processe made in his absence but rather if he had offended that he shulde be condempnedde to deathe For also he sayde that it shulde not be wysely done of theym to sende a man fourthe with so greate authorytie and puissance charged wyth one suche a case bifore that he was purged But his haters or ennemyes fearynge leaste if the matter were knowin before hys departure that those that shulde go wyth hym in the enterpryse shuld not beare him fauour and that the meane people who was fauorable vnto him shuld waxe faint towardes hym forsomuche as through hys cause the Argiues and some of the Mantynyens were accompaigned to the Athenyans for that same voiage and enterpryse perswadedde the contrary and that the accusaâ—yon shulde be delayedde vntill after the retourne of the armye trustinge duringe his absence to imagyne and compasse againste hym greater troubles and to bryng that to passe they caused newe Ambassadours to comme who hasted the expedition of the sayde armye in suche sorte that yt was concluded that it shulde be so done And the same armye lanched fourth and toke sea aboute the myddell of Somer for to saile into Sycille hauynge many marchantes shippes aswell of theirs as of their allyes for to transporte victuailes and other preparation of warre whyche had bene ordened bifore that they were all ready at the porte of Corcyre to the intente that all to giders might passe the sea IonuÌ„ by the promontory of Lapigea And those Athenyans and other their allies which than were at Athens at the day that they had takene were ready in the porte of Pyreus about breake of the day for to embarque them self wyth whome did issue furth the greater parte of the people aswell of the cytezeins as of estrangers some for to accompany their chyldren and their parentes and the other their frendes all hauynge bothe hope and sorowe To wyt hope that the voiage shulde be proffitable and sorowe insomuche as they thought that they shulde not see agayn a good parte of those that wente so farre a voiage and also goinge thider they shulde leaue those whiche aboade at home in manye daungers and dydde putte and offer theymselfe into many othere on whyche dangers they than thought much more than they had done in determinynge the voiage And yett neuerthelas they conceyuedde suche confydence by seing one so greate a puissance togiders that the meane people yea euene those that hadde nother frendes nor parentes there and all the estrangers did comme for to see that spectacle or sight whyche they esteamed woorthye to be sene and greater than any man wolde haue thoughte Also in veray trouthe for an armie of one only cytie it was better appoincted more sumptuous than anye othere that had euer bene sene For although that the same whyche Pericles in tymes paste did leade into Epidaure and thother that Agnon did coÌ„duct into Potidea were as puissant aswel in nomber of ships as also of people forsomuch as in the later there were had foure thousand warriours fotemen and thre houndred horsmen all Athenyans one houndred galleis of theirs and fyftie aswell of the LesbieÌ„s as of those of Chio besides many other coÌ„paignyons of their allyes yet notwithstaÌ„ding thappareill preparation was muche lesser
wyth the Medes agaynste the Grekes at Marathonie The people of Athenes bryngyng thies auncient thynges to remembrance was more sharpe and more chafedde to enquier of this same matter of the dyssyguredde ymages and of the corrupted sacrefices fearynge to come agayne into subiection of tyrantes And perswaded themself that the sayed excesse and mysdedes had bene done to the same entente By occasion whereof many greate personages of the cytie were putt into prysone And the persecution and wrath of the commons encreasedde dayllye to apprehende and imprysone men vntylle that one of theym that hadde bene takene and was reputed for moste coulpable at perswation of one of the other prysoners discoueredde the thynge were it truely or faulselye for the trouth coulde neuer be knowyn nother than nor afterwardes But somuche there was that he was perswadedde that if he discoueredde the case by accusynge of hymselfe and of some other he shoulde putt the reste of the cytye oute of suspition and of danger And also by so doynge shoulde be in suertie for to escape and to be delyueredde By this meane he confessedde the case of Hermes or pictures as touchyng hymself and also accused a compaignie of other whome he declared to haue bene partakers therof whereby the comons thynkyng that he had sayed the trouthe were ryght ioyfull For they were tomuche angry that no knowlaige coulde be had of a dede done by so great nomber of people And so he that had confessedde the matter togiders wyth the other whome he had not chargedde were fourthwyth delyuered And of those which he had charged al they that might be taken were putt to execution by sentence or iudgemente The other that fledde fromethence were condempnedde of contumacye to death and a huyer was lymytedde and appoynctedde for all men whiche dydde slaye theyme And yett was it not knowyn for trouthe whider that those whiche had bene executed were gylty or not Neuerthelas in all the rest the cytie reputed itselfe to haue gaigned and profytedde greatly But the comons were displeasedde wyth Alcibiades who was accused of this chance of the ymages by his ennemyes to wytte by those same that had charged him therwith bifore his departure And takyng it to be trewe that he had bene gilty of the case of the Hermes or pictures they easely perswaded themself that he likewise had bene partaker of the other case of the sacrefices with the other complices conspirators against the comons And the suspection didde growe somuche the more that a certene small nomber of warryours beyng Lacedemonyans did in that self time come vntill the distreate of Peloponese for to appoynte and intreate of some matter with the Beotians Wherby the AtheniaÌ„s had suspicion that it had bene through consent of the said Alcibiades vnder coulour of the sayd treatie and that if the same AtheniaÌ„s had not preuented to take the sayd citizeins whome they had taken vpon suspition the cytie had bene in daÌ„ger to be taken and betrayed And the suspition was so great that a great watch in armure was for one nyght kept in the cytie of the temple of Theseus In the selfe tyme the gestes and frendes of the same Alcibiades which were in the cytie of Argos were suspected to be willing for to inuade the comons which thing being by them signefyed vnto the Athenyans they licenced the sayed Argiues for to slaye the citizeins of Athens which they had in their citie of Argos who were deliuered vnto them for hostage and by them to be sent vnto certaine Islandes In this manner Alcibiades was suspected on all sydes Whereupon they that were wyllynge to cause hym to come to iudgemente for to condempne hym to death purchased to cause hym to be adiournedde or somoned in Sycile togiders with the other of whome hathe bene spokene and gaue charge vnto the Messenger that he shoulde comaunde hym to followe hym incontinentlye and not to take hym for feare that they hadde aswell of the compaignions of warre which he had vnder his charge as also that the affaire of the enterpryse of Sycille shulde not be troubledde and yet moste pryncipallye that the Mantynyens and the Argiues who at the desyre of the same Alcibiades accompanyedde the sayed Athenyans in that same enterpryse shoulde not be mouedde or loste Than Alcibiades perceyâ—ynge the comaundemente and adiournynge that was made vnto hym mounted into a shypp and the other also adiourned did mounte withe him and departed fromthence togiders wyth the ship of Salamyne whych was comme for to adiourne them fayning to be willing to saille in compagnie vnto Athens But after that they were in Thurie they followed it no further nother afterwardes were sene by those of the sayd shipp of Salamyne who hauynge carefullye enquyred what way they were gone and not learnyng any newes therof they saylled froÌ„thence their right way Sone after Alcibiades departed from Thurie and sailled fromthence to lande in Peloponese being already bannyshedde from Athens And so after he and the other whych were in hys compaigny were condempned for contuinacye vnto death by the Athenyans ¶ Howe after the departure of Alcibiades the other two Dukes Athenyans hauynge done certen small thynges in Sycille did come to assiege the cytie of Saragosse and hadde a victorye agaynste the Syracusains ☞ The .xi. Chapter AFter the departure of Alcibiades the other twoo Dukes Athenyans departed all the armye into two partes and aither of theym dyd by lott take the charge of the one of theym And afterwardes they bothe togiders wyth all the hoste wente fromthence vnto Selynunte and to Egeste for to knowe if the Egestians were determyned to delyuer the monney whyche they had promysed and also for to vnderstaÌ„de the affayre of the said Selynuntyns and the question or difference whyche they had wyth the Egestains And they saylled a length the sea hauynge the Isle of Sycille of the coste of the sea Ionum on the lefte hande and came to aboorde bifore the cytie of Imere the whyche only in that same quarter is inhabyted wyth Grekes neuerthelesse they woolde not receyue the sayd Athenyans who at their departure fromtheÌ„ce sailled to a towne named Hiccara The whyche though that it were inhabytedde wyth Sycaniens was yet ennemy to the Egestains For this cause they pillaged yt and afterwardes did set of the Egestains wythin it Thys dependinge arryued the horsemen of the Egestains wyth whome the fotemen Athenyans came by lande wythin the Isle pillaginge and robbinge vntill Catana and their ships came vnto them coastynge alongeste the sea wherin they charged their butyes pillage aswell of beastes as of the other Nycias at departure froÌ„ Heccana weÌ„te incontynently to Egeste where he receiued of the Egestains thirty talentes And hauynge geuen order for certen other thynges retourned fromthence into the armye And besyde that some that they had taken for the sayd butye whych was solde they receyued one houndred and twenty taleÌ„tes of golde Afterwards
a good nomber from them to the temple of Olympiades whyche was therby fearynge leaste the Athenyans wolde come to pillage it for that that therin was great quantyte of golde and syluer The othere retyred into the cytie Neuertheles the sayde Athenyans wente not agaynste the said temple but hauynge receyued and brunned the cariogns of their men that were dead at the battaill they taryed there that same nyght And on the morow the Syracusains knowing to haue bene vainquished they sent vnto them for to demaÌ„de their dead men whych were in aâ—l aswell of theire cytezeinsâ— as of their allyes aboute two houndred and three skore and of the Athenyans togiders with their allyes aboutes fyftie whose boanes after that they were burned they dyd withdrawe and caryed them to Catanaâ— togiders wyth the spoilles of the ennemyes and by thys meane they retyred for that that they were already in wynter whiche was no tyme to make warre They could not also coÌ„duct nor endure it with out horsmen wherof they atâ—ended a good nomber aswell from Athens as from their allyes also monney for to fournishe necessaries They hoped alâ—o duringe the wynter for to practique and wynne throâ—gh fauoure of that same victorie many cyties of Sycille vnto their partie and moreouer to make prouysyon of victuailles and of all other thinges for to come agayne to laye theire Siege to Sarragosse immediatly after the winter Thies were in effecte the causes whyche mouedde theym to comme for to wynter at Catana and at Naxe Howe the Syracusains hauing chosen newâ— Dukes and geuene order in their affayres they made an assaulte agaynst them of Catana and how the Athenyans faylled to take the Cytie of Messane ☞ The .xiii. Chapter AFter that the Syracusains had caused their dead men to be buryed the people was assembled In the whyche assemblie Hermocrates sonne of Hermon who was estemed as greatly wyse and prudente as any man of the cytie and moreouer valyante and experymented in matters and feate of warre made vnto them many declarations and perswations for to geue them courage and that they shuld not be astonied for the losse whiche they had had shewynge vnto them that the same losse was not chanced to them through lacke of courage but through faulte of order and also that yt was not so greate as by reason it shulde haue bene consyderinge that on theire side there were none but comon people and men not often experimeÌ„ted in warre and the ennemyes were the beste practysedde of all Grece and suche as vsed the crafte and feate of warre more than of any other thynge Also the multytude of their capytaynes dyd noye them greatly For there were fyue of them that had not greate obeyssance of their souldyars But in case that they wolde chose some small nomber of more experte and of more meâ—e parsons for Capitains and durynge that same wynter assemble a good nomber of souldyars fournishyng theÌ„ wyth harnes that had not therof and moreouer wolde exercyse themself in feates of armes durynge the sayd tyme he had good hoope that they shulde haue the better agaynste their ennemyes addyng good order and conducte vnto their couraige and hardynes whyche thynges be necessary for warre To wytt order and conducte for to knowe foresee and exchue the dangers and hardynes for to execute that whyche shal be deuysed by wyt And also it were necessarye that the Dukes and Capytayns whych are to be chosen in small noÌ„ber as is aboue said shulde haue power in the feate of warre for to order and do therein euene as yt shulde seme to them to be expedyent for the welthe of the cytie geuynge them otheâ— suche as ys requysite in the same lyke cases For by thys meane the thinges whyche shulde be nedefull to be holden secrett may be kepte close and moreouer the prouysyons may be made without any contradiction After that Hermocrates had ended hys aduertysements all the people founde them good and dyd chose hymself for one of the Capytayns and wyth hym Heraclides sonne of Lysymachus and Sycanus sonne of Excrestus whome also they dyd chose Ambassadours for to go to the Lacedemonyans and Corynthians for to perswade them that they shulde ioygne togiders wyth them agaynste the Athenyans and that they shulde make so stronge and fierce warre in theire countreye that they shulde be constrayned to habandone and forsake Sycille orels that they shulde sende to the sayde Syracusains succours by sea In this meane tyme the armye of the Athenyans whyche was at Catana went fromthence agaynste Messane hopinge to haue taken it by treatie and conspyracie of some of the Cytezeins But they were deceyuedde of their enterpryse for that that Alcibiades who knewe the sayde treatie after that he was departed out of the hoste holding hymself in all poynctes assured that he shulde be bannyshed out of Athens had secretely discouered the treasone of those of the sayd cytie whyche toke parte wyth the Syracusains who hauynge furste slayne the transgressours and afterwardes moued the comons agaynste them and their complices obteygned what they woolde to wytt that the Atheuyans shulde not be receyued into the cytie who aftere that they hadde bene in the campe .xiii. dayes before the sayde Cytie parceyuinge that the wynter increased and waxed more bitter and that they beganne to lacke victualles also that they re enterpryse faylled them they retyredde to Naxe and to Thrace where they forcefyed their campe with diches and pales and there passed that same wynter Durynge the whyche they sente a galley vnto Athens for to demande newe succours wyth horsemen and wythe monney for the sprynge tyme followynge that they myght be hable to issue fourth into the feldes On the other syde the Syracusains duringe that same wynter enclosed wyth walles al the suburbs whyche was on the syde of Epipole to the intent that if by fortune they loste an other tyme the battaille in the feldes they might haue the greater space for to retyre wythin the closure of the Cytie and besydes that they made newe rampares aboutes the temple of Olympus and of the place called Megare and therin they put a good garnyson And moreouer in all sydes where men might descende from the sea to lande against the Cytie they made strong crosse barres and pales After that knowinge howe the Athenyans had embarqued theÌ„â—self nighe vnto Naxe for to wynter there all the people issued fourthe agaynste Catana and they pillaged all their terrytorie rased downe and burned all the lodginges and campe of the Athenyans that they had made whan they were there and afterwardes retourned fromthence into their houses ¶ Howe the Athenyans and the Syracusains sente Ambassadours towardes the Cameryns ayther partie for to withdraw them to their allyance and the answer which they made to them both And also the preparations practiques that the Athenyans made that same winter against the Syracusains ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter THies thinges thus
and alleage and declare vnto vs the selfe same thynges that ye woolde haue alleaged if the Athenyans had surst come against youe whyche thynge ye nor the other haue not yet done And yf ye woll say that youe woll kepe and vse reasone somuche towardes vs as towardes oure ennemyes for feare to offende the one or the other and take youre occasyon vpon the allyance whyche youe haue wyth them Truly ye haue not made that same allyaunce for to go to assaylle youre frendes at their pleasure and appetite but rather onely for to succour the one the other if any dyd come to assaille youe For thys cause the Rhegins though that they be Chalcydes haue not bene willinge to ioygne wyth thies here for to restore the Leontins into their houses who be Chalcydes as they be And if those there wythout hauing any reasonable excuse but for that that they haue had this iustification or proufe so well couloured of the Athenyans for suspected gouerned themself herin wysely woll you hauinge reasonable cause for to excuse youe beare fauour and proffitt vnto them that naturelly be yâ—ure ennemyes and habandone and forsake those whyche be youre neyghbours and your parentes for to ioygne youreselâ— vnto thies here Certainly ye shall do agaynste reasone yf ye woll ayde thys puissance of enemyes which ye ought rather to feare although that if we were ioigned and vnited togider we shulde haue no cause to feare but iustly if we separate or deuyde oureselues the one from the other Whiche is the thinge that they attempte for their power for that that they be come into thys countrey not onely agaynste vs but rathere agaynste all And yet they haue not done agaynste vs that whyche they wylledde though that they dydde vaynquishe vs in battaille but after their victorie they wente fromthence Wherefore it may be clerly knowin that whan we shal be ioigned togiders we ought not greately to care for them and chiefly attendyng the succours that is to come from the Peloponesyans whyche be better warryours than thies here And truly yt ought not to seme to anny to be good for youe not to busye youreselfe or not to meddle nother for theym nor vs and that the same shal be reasonable as touching vs consyderinge that ye be allyed togyder and also the more suertie for you For though that the ryght be at the furste sight lyke and egall betwene them and vs as concernynge you for the reason abouesaide yet the dede ys greately dyuers For if they agaynste whom warre ys made for fault to haue bene by you succoured be vainquished and the other vainquishors and ouercommers what other thynge maye be sayde than that by your absence the one hath bene ouercomed and the other haue not bene prohybited or left to do euyll Therfore lordes it shal be muche better done for to ayde those whome men wolde oppresse whiche be your parentes and neyghbours in defending the comon welth of all Sycille and not to suffer the Athenians to offende than not to meddle wyth nother partie And for to shewe you in fewe wordes all that we woll saye insomuche as there nede not many wordes for to declare to you or to any other that which ye vnderstande of yourself we praye and require youe for to ayde vs in thys present busynes And we protest that if youe do it not ye shal suffre vs to be wasted and destroyed by the Ionyens our perpetuall ennemyes And being Doryens as we be ye habandone forsake vs noughtly And if we be vaynquyshed by the Athenyans it shal be youre faulte and they shalle haue the glorye of the victory And as touchynge the huyer or rewarde it shal be none othere but the same that hath geuene the victorye And if we ouercomme ye shall suffer the payne for that that ye haue bene cause of the dangeire where in we shall haue bene Consider than the whole and chose ye presently aythere to incurre and submit yourself into the seruitude presented without any danger or in ouercommynge thys people both to eskape wyth vs from beinge their subiectes and also not to be for a right longe tyme our ennemyes After that Hermocrates had thus spokene Euphemus the Athenyan arose vp and dydde speake in thys manner ¶ The Oration of Euphemus the Athenyan to the Camerins ☞ The .xv. Chapter WE were comme hider Lordes Camerins onely for to renewe the ancyent amytie allyaÌ„ce that we haue with you But sithens that this same Syracusaine hath charged and maliciously spoken agaynst vs It is here nedefull to speake of our Empire and howe by good and iuste cause and reasone we haue obteygned it whereof thys same here who hath spoken beareth good wytnes by that which he hath said that the Ionyens haue al waies ben enemys of the Doriens but it muste be vnderstande how it is We be truly Ionyens and the Peloponesyans Doriens And for that that they be in greater nomber than we and our neyghbours we haue trauailled to kepe oureselues that they shulde not bringe vs into their subiection For this cause after the warre of the Medes hauinge our army by sea we wythdrewe ourselfe from the Empire and conducte of the Lacedemonyans which were capytaines of all the armye of Grece for that that it was not more reasonable that we shulde be vnder them than they vnder vs but for that that they haue bene more puissant than we And consequently beinge made prynces and superiours of Grekes who before tyme were subiectes vnto the Medes we haue kepte and maignteigned oure reygne knowynge that whan we shall haue asmuche puissance as they for to resyste their force that than we shall in nothynge be bounde vnto them And for to speke more clerely we haue vpon good cause brought into our obeissance and subiection the Ionyans and the Islanders though that they be oure parentes as the Syracusains do say But it was for thys cause that they came wyth the Medes agaynste our cytie whyche is their Metrip olitaine and from whence they be descended for feare of losynge of their houses and domestycall goodes hadde not the hardynes to forsake their townes and Cyties for to conserue and kepe their lybertie as we dyd but rather they loued better to be bondemen and subiectes of the Medes for to saue their goodes and also to comme wyth them agaynste vs for to brynge vs into the self seruytude and bondage For thies reasons we haue well deserued to haue the seignyorye and rule ouer the other For also for trouthe and wythoute anye difficultie we fournished in that same warre more ships and shewed more harte courage than all the other cyties of Grece And chiefly we desarued to haue the rule dominyon ouer yâ— Ionyens who did vnto vs the euyll that they coulde beynge ioygned wyth the Medes Wherefore if we desire to encrease our force agaynst the Peloponesians and not to be more vnder the conducte and charge of others we
othere thynges necessarye The Syracusayns hauynge than parfaycted their rampare without that the Athenyans had done theÌ„ any empeschement or lett forsomuch as they had lettes ynoughe by makynge their walle and also feared that if they shulde attende and geue themself vnto two busynesses they might be repoulsed they retyred into the cytie and lefte a nomber of people for to kepe the rampare On the other syde the Athenyans dyd breake the conductes by which the water entred into the towne And on the other parte hauinge espyed that of the Syracusains that were left for to kepe the rampare some of them at highe none time retyred into their pauillions some wente into the cytie and the other that taryed in the sayed rampare did kepe very yll watche they ordeyned three houndred of the most chosene of their people on foote well armedde and a certeine nomber of the beste lyghtly armedde for to go to assaille the sayd rampare And in one selfe instanâ—e they parted all the army into twoo partes aither partie hauing his capytaine wherof the one wente againste the cytie for to repoulse the cytizeins yf they would haue yssued fourth for to succour their people and the other agaynste the raÌ„pare on the syde of the small poorte named Pyramyde The affaire beyng thus ordeyned the three houndred whiche hadde charge for to assawlte the rampare did take it for they that shulde haue kept it did habandone it and retyred to the wall whiche was nigh vnto the temple who were followed so nigh by the Athenyans that they entred one with an other in with them But they were sone chased away againe by those of the towne which came to the succours In which coÌ„flict some Athenyans and Argiues were slaâ—ne the other in retyryng dyd rase and breake downe the rampare caryed away the wood that they might carry with them into their campe Afterwardes they raysed vp an Trophee in tokene of that same victory The day following they enclosed with wall a rocke cut out of stoane whiche was in the place of Epipole aboue ouer a marreys out of the which men might see into the greate porte and they extended and dyd drawe the same wal from the rocke along from the plaine from the marreys vnto the sea Which perceiued by the Syracusains they yssued fourth agayne for to make in the opposite or directly agaynst it a rampare with pales dyches for to empesche that the ennemyes might not extende their wall Who hauing acheued their wall about the rocke determyned for to assaille ones againe those that laboured at the rampare at the dyche And so coÌ„manded the capytaine of the shipps that he shulde gouerne them from Thapsus into the great poorte And they at the breake of the day descended from Epipole and came to trauerse passe ouer the plaine which was at the fote therof fromthence the marreys in that part therof that was most drye with dores and hardelles that they caste aboue for to susteigne and kepe them from synkyng in suche sorte that they dyd wynne agayne the rampare and the dyche frome the Syracusains resaruedde a certene small parte therof and vainquished those that were commytted to the kepynge of yt whereupon those whiche were in the ryght poyncte retyred into the towne and the other towardes the ryuer But the three houndred footemen that had bene chosene to assaille theyme as at the other tyme wyllyng to enclose theyme prepared theymeselfe to runne with all their force agaynste the brydge of the ryuer which parceiued by the Syracusains among whome there was a good nomber of horsemen they made straight against the sayd three houndred and repoulsed them Afterwardes they charged vpon the ryght poynct of the Athenyans with suche strength that they which were in the former rencke were afrayde But Lymachus who was in the lefte poyncte seyng the danger came to succoure them hauing a certene nomber of shoters or slingers and Argiuesâ— who hauing passed the dyche and not beinge followed by his men was slayne by the Syracusains and fyue or sixe that had passed with him The which so deade the same Syracusayns would haue â—aryed them beyonde the ryuer into a suer place bifore that that they might haue bene recouered but the other were so diligente that they were forced to leaue them In the meane tyme those whiche at begynning were fledde into the towne seynge the defence that the other vsed they toke harte againe and yssued fourth in the battaille against the Athenyans sent a nomber of them agaynst the wall whiche the Athenyans had made about Epipole thinking that there had bene no warde as for trouth there was not whereby it happened that they dydde gette asmuche of the walle as was made in tenne dayes and hadde gottene the reste if Nycyas had not soubdainely come to the succours of it who was lefte there for that that he was yll disposedde The same man perceyuynge that there was no remedye for to kepe and defende the walle for lacke of men he commaundedde hys seruauntes to putt fyer into the woode and matter that was sette bifore the walle and by that meane the reste therof was saued For the Syracusayns durste passe no further bycause of the fyer Seynge also the Athenyans that hadde chased awaye the other bende of theirs to come ronnynge agaynste theyme and moreouer that the shyppes that came oute fro Thapsus were alreadye entredde into the poorte knowynge also that they were not puissante for to resiste the Athenyans nor for to empesche and lett theym that they shoulde not fynyshe their walle they retyredde into the sea And that done the Athenyans dydde agayne reyse vp there an othere Trophee for that that the Syracusayns confessedde and grauntedde theyme the vyctory by demandynge the Cariongs and Corpses of the deade whyche were rendredde to theyme Amongeste whome was Lamachus and those that hadde bene slayne wyth hym All the armye of the Athenyans aswelle by sea as by lande beynge than aboorded they enclosed the cytye wyth a double walle frome Epipole vntylle the sea And they beyng there plentye of victuailles was brought vnto them from all coastes oâ— Italie And manye allyes of the Syracusayns whiche at the begynnynge had refused to ioigne wyth those Athenyans came to render theymself vnto theym and from the coaste of the sea Thirrenium there came vnto theym three galleis wyth newe strength whereby the affaires were in suche estate that they assured theymeselfe for to haue the victorye considered speciallye that the Syracusayns hadde no more hope to be of power for to resist nother by force nor by the fight not hauynge newes that annye succours shoulde comme vnto theyme oute of Peloponese So they had manye parlementes aswelle amonge theymeself as also wyth Nycyas who after the deathe of Lamachus remaynedde onely Capytayne of the Athenyans for to enter into some treatie with the sayd Athenians yett was there nothynge therein done nor concludedde althoughe that
manye woordes thereupon hadde bene spokene lyke as yt is to be beleued to be among people that be ambiguous or doubtefulle and that perceyue theymselfe assieged and oppressedde more and more And that aswelle wyth Nycyas as the one to the othere forsomuche as by cause of the necessyties wherein they were the one mystrustedde the othere In suche manner that they deposedde and sette of the Dukes whome they hadde chosenne at the begynnynge vnder couloure that the losse whyche was happenedde was throughe their faulte or mysâ—ortuneâ— and they dydde choose othere in their stede to wytte Heraclides Eucleas and Tellias In thies enterfeates Gylippus Lacedemonien was alreadye aryued at Leucade wyth the Corynthyans shyppes fully determyned to come with all diligence to succour the Syracusayns But beyng aduertised that the cytie was already enclosed on all sydes by many that agrede all therupon though that it were not trewe he loste both hope and fantasie of the affaires of Sicille And yet neuerthelas for to saue Italie he saylledde fromethence wyth two galleys with Lacedemonyans and wyth hym Pythus Corynthien with twoo other galleys of Corynthe wyth all diligence to Tarente And the Corynthyans saylledde after more softely wyth tenne other of their galleys twoo of Leucadyans and .iii. of Ambracians Gylippus than beynge arryuedde in the poorte of Tarente he wente fromethence into the Cytie of Thurie as Ambassadoure of the Peloponesians for to wythdrawe and brynge theyme vnto theyr allyance bryngynge hys father to their remembrance who hadde sometyme gouernedde their estate but seynge that they would not thereunto consente he retourned fromethence alongeste Italie and whan he was in the Goulphe of Terynee there came vpon him a southe wynde whereunto that same Goulphe is greately subiected so that he was by force constrayned to retourne into the porte of Tarente into the which he wythdrewe hys shyppes and repayred those whiche had bene bruised by fortune of the sea Nycyas was aduertysed of the coming of Gylyppus who vnderstanding the small nomber of shyppes that he had with him passed not of them lyke as also the Thuryans had not done And it semed to hym that he was rather comme as a Corsaire or Pyrate for to pyllage in the sea than for to succoure the Syracusains In that same somer the Lacedemonyans with their allyes began warre agaynst the Argyues and pillaiged one parte of their lande vnto whome the Athenyans sent thyrtye shyppes wyth succours And by that meane did euydently breake the treatie whiche they had not bifore done For the inroades and pillages that they had made vnto that same houre were more in maÌ„ner of theft than of warre And they were not willing to ioigne with the Argyues and Mantynyans agaynst the Lacedemonyans But rather though that they had many times bene sore laboured vnto by the Argyues for to enter in armure with them into the lande of Laconie at the least that same which they helde and for to pillaige a certaine small quarter of that the which the Lacedemonyans dyd holde and afterwardes to retourne fromethence wythout doyng anny otherthyng yet they had neuer bene wyllyng to agree or consent vnto it But than hauing made three chiefes and capytaynes of their armye to witte Pythodorus Lespodius and Damarathus they entred into the countrey of Epidaure ennemylyke pillaged Lymere Prassie some other smal townes of that same quarter Wherby the Lacedemonyans had afterwardes more lawfull excuse to declare theymself their ennemyes After that the Athenyans were retourned from Argos with their army by sea and the Lacedemonyans with theirs by lande the Argiues wente to ouerronne the lande of Phliasie Aâ—d after that they had pillaged and wasted one parte therof and slayne a certene nomber of the Paysans they retournedde fromethence Here endeth the Sixte boke of the historie of Thucidides and the Seuenth doth begynne ¶ Howe Gylippus entred into the cytie of Sarragosse with the succour of the other cyties of Sycille whiche toke his parte loste one battaille and dyd wynne an other against the Athenyans And howe the Syracusains and Corynthyens sente Ambassade to Lacedemonie for to haue newe succours and lykewyse Nycyas wryteth to the AtheniaÌ„s for the self same cause ☞ The first Chapter AFter that Gylippus and Pythan had repayred newe tacled their shipps at Tharente they departed froÌ„thence for to saille towardes the Locryans in the west quarter Aâ—d being aduertised that the cytie of Sarragosse was not yet inclosed on all sydes but that men myght enter into yt by Epipole they were in doubte whither they shuld drawe to the right hande of Sycille and essay for to enter into the citie or for to kepe the left hande and furst to go to aboorde at Imera and there to assemble the moste people that they myghte aswelle of those of the towne as of other Syracusayns afterwardes to goo fromethence to succoure the sayed Syracusayns And fynally they arrestedde and concluded to go to Imera specially being aduertised that the foore Athenyans shyppes whiche Nycyas had sente were not yet arryuedde at Rhege whiche Nycyas hadde sent thider vnderstaÌ„ding that those same were yet at Locres So Gylyppus Pythan wyth their shyppes passed the distreate bifore that the other were arryuedde at Rhege And afterwardes saillynge alongeste frome Missena they came directlye vnto Imera Beynge aryued in whiche place they intreated and perswaded the Imerens to enter into their allyance and to fournyshe them with shyppes and harnois for their men that lacked it And afterwardts they sente vnto the Selynuntyns that they shulde be in a certene place that they named vnto them assuring them one bende not very great of their people to go with theÌ„ It happened also that the Gelians some other Sycilliens were the more encouraiged for to enter into this allyance of the Peloponesyens than they had bene bifore time for that that Archonides who had gouernedde some of those Syciliens was dead a small tyme bifore who in his lyfe tyme hadde great amytie confederation and intelligence wyth the Athenyans and also for the bruyte whiche was that Gylippus came diligently manfully wyth hys people to the succours of the Syracusayns who hauyng taken aboutes seuene houndred of his oune men aswel souldiars as maroners which he had armed a thousande Imeryens aswell wel armed as lightly armed a houndred horsemen a certene nomber of Selinuntyns all horsemen or lightly armed and also a ryght small nomber of Gelyens wyth some other Syciliens to the nomber of a thousande marched towardes Sarragosse And on the other syde the Corynthians departed from Leucade for to come with the most diligence that they coulde into that same quarter with al the other shyppes Amongest whome the same whereof Gongylus was Capytaine arryued first at Sarragosse although that he was the last that departed And sone after arryuedde Gylippus who vnderstandynge that the Syracusayns were in
place aryued one barque that came oute of Peloponese charged wyth men of warre Thespyens whiche were sente to the succours of the sayde Syracusayns the whiche they dyd take into their galleis and afterwardes dyd take their rayce or votage for to retourne into their countrey and so they encountred at Megara twenty AthenyaÌ„s galleis that espyed them there in the passage the whyche dyd take one of the said elleuen and the other that eskaped did come to Sarragosse After that an other light combate was made betwene the Athenyans and the Syracusains in the poarte of Sarragosse to wycte a rampare of woode whyche the sayd Syracusains had made before the olde hauon for to kepe their shippes wythin in suertie Byfore the whyche the Athenyans brought a greate nauie wyth tenne thousande chargedde welle armed and appoyncted for to susteigne alle stroakes of shotte and of Artillerie And behynde the same were smalle Barques wythin the whyche and also wythin the sayde nauye were men that hadde Engynes wherewyth they rased downe the pales and plankes of woode of the sayde rampare that were fyxed and planted wythin the sea Where agaynst the Syracusains resisted wyth greate stroakes of shotte whyche they dyschargedde and dyd cast out of the sayd hauone Also those of the sayde nauye dydde the lyke against theyme Fynallye the Athenyans brake downe a greate parte of the sayde rampare although that they hadde greate payne and difficultie therin for that that there was greate pieces of woode that were hoolye hyddene wythin the watere whyche were so plantedde of a sette purpose to the intente that if the shyppes of the ennemyes woolde comme there they shulde stryke and bruse theyme and shulde be by that meane in danger And though the Athenyans hadde plongeors or dyuers that dyuedde for to cutt them vnder the water yet neuerthelas aftere that they were wythdrawyn the Syracusayns caused other to be replantedde And the one dyd daylly make againste the othere some newe enterpryse and inuention so as it is to be byleued of two armys that kepe caÌ„pe the one nigh to the othere and moreouer they made many eskarmuches and small combates in all soortes and by all meanes that were possyble to doo Nowe the Syracusains hadde sente Ambassadoures to the Lacedemonyans to the Corynthyans and to the Ambracyans sygnefyinge vnto theyme the takynge of Plemmyryum and also the battaille that they had vpon the sea Certefyinge that the victorye that the Athenyans had had agaynste them was not chanced throughe the valyantnes of those same Athenyans but for the mysorder of themself Wherfore they hadde good hope to remayne in the ende victorious but so that they might be aydedde and succoured And therupon required that they wolde succour theÌ„ wyth shippes and wyth men before that the armye whyche they Athenyans shulde sende thyder for newe succours myght arryue there For in that doynge men myghte destroye those that were in the campe byfore the comynge of those same thider and thereby ende the warre Thys was the estate of the affayres of Sycille ¶ Of the necessitie wherein the Cytie of Athenes was through the warre And howe certen Thracyans that were comme to their saruyce beinge for faulte of monney retourned and sente home did destroy the Cytie of Mycalesus and afterwards were well nygh all destroyed ☞ The .v. Chapter IN thys tyme whilest the affayres abouesayd were donne in Sycille Demosthenes hauyng assembled the souldyars whyche were ordonned for to go to the succours of the caÌ„pe that was before Sarragosse caused them to be embarqued at Egyne and fromthence came sailing alonge from of Peloponese and ioygnedde hymselfe wyth Charicles who attended or wayted with .xxx. ships for him wherin the men were chargedde whiche the Argiues had sente for their portion And froÌ„thence they saylled straight towards the lande of Laconie that is to say of the Lacedemonyans But furste they landed in the couÌ„trey of Lymera in the terrytorie of Epidaure wherof they wasted a greate parte Fromthence they came to lande in the saide contrey of Laconie of the coaste of Cytherea foranempste the temple of Apollo where they dyd some damaige and enclosed with a wall a distraicte like vnto the same of Corinthe whiche is called Isthmus to the ende that the esklaues of the AthenyaÌ„s might withdrawe thider and saue themself whan they woolde flye frome their lordes and also for to kepe there theues and pyrates that shuld pillaige the countrey rouÌ„de aboute lyke as they dyd at Pylus But before that the walle was made Demosthenes saylled strayght to Corcyre for to leuie there the men that shulde come out of that quarter and to passe fromethence straighte into Sycille and he lefte Charicles there for to parfaict and fynishe the sayde wall with his thyrtie ships Who incontynentlye after that it was acheued and that a good garnysone was put into it departed fromthence for to followe Demosthenes The Argiues also dyd the lyke In that same sommer arryued at Athens .xiii. houndred Thracians whyche were surnamed Macherophoriens that were of the discent of Dyacus all well armed and wearinge targettes the whyche were caused to comme wyth Demosthenes into Sycille whome for that that they were come to late after the departure of Demosthenes the Athenyans determyned to retourne sende agayne into their countrey For they thought it to great charge for to kepe them there for the warre whych they had at Decelea for that that euery of theÌ„ wolde haue a groate for yâ— day And the monney beganne greatly to consume in Athens for this chiefly that after the Peloponesyans had altogider mured and fortefyed the towne of Decelea in the same somer they dyd putt into it afterwards garnysons oute of all cyties whyche were changed by quartiers wherby many greate euills and losses aswell of monney as of othere goodes happened to the Athenyans by meane of this that where at other tymes whan the Peloponesians came to ouerronne their lande they taryed not therin longe and aftere that they were retourned the Athenyans were not empesched to laboure their lande nor to enioye yt at their wylle After that the sayde towne was enclosed and the garnysone putte wythin yt they were contynuelly vexed and as in manner assieged by the sayde garnysone whyche ceassed not to ouerronne pyllaige some tyme in small nomber and sometyme in great and very often tymes for to haue vyctuailles and other thinges necessarie But aboue all so longe as Agis kinge of Lacedemonie was there wyth all the army they were maruaillously endommaged for he neuer suffredde hys people to be ydle but contynuellye caused theym to course and go into the lande in suche sorte that they made meruaillous waste and pillayge in alle the lande of Athenes And besydes that the sklaâ—es whyche they had fledde from them to the sayd Peloponesians to the nomber of twenty thousande and vp wardes whyche were all or the moore parte people of occuâ—acyons and handy crafte men
they were in feare to be destroied by them whom they were come to sâ—bdue And where they departed out of their couÌ„trey wyth great melodie of ioyfull songes of diuers instrumentes making greate vowes for the victory wherof they had suer hope they all retourned fromethence mournynge and makyng pituous groanes and all other contrary thynges for that that the maroners whiche were come to saille by sea were than on lande renked with the footemen neuerthelas all thynges were tollerable vnto theyme for the greate danger wherin they parceyued theymself to be brought Whome Nycyas parceyuynge so discomforted and faynte harted dyd goo comforting theym againe and declarynge vnto them many thynges saruynge to the case so as he founde them assembled togider cryinge vnto theyme more with a loude voyce than by manner of exhortacion or declaration for to cause theyme to recouer their couraige and for to proffytt them in the estate wherein they were as he knewe well to do And so did speake vnto them theis or suche woordes The declaration of Nycyas to the men of armes IT is conuenyente for vs Lordes Athenyans and youe othere oure allyes to haue good couraige and good hope althoughe that we be in the estate wherin we are For many haue eskaped muche greatter mischief and danger than this same is wherin we be Wherfore you ought to take greater couraige not blaymynge yourself beyonde reasone be it for the losse that you haue made or be it for the shame whiche you endure For as for me I am in nothing in better condition than any of youe the other be nother in force for that that ye may see howe that I am weakened with my disease nother yet in goodes For thoughe that herebifore I was well prouyded of victualles and also of other necessaris yet as this presente I haue no greater prouision thereof than the leaste of the bende Howbeit forsomuche as I haue made greate sacrefices to the goddes and vsed greate goodnes and curtesie to men ytt geueth me yet audacytie to hope welle hereafter But I do see you estonyed and afrayed to much more than ys conuenient to the dignitie and condition of your parsons for the euylls and damages whiche youe haue receyuedde the whyche peraduenture shall amende For our ennemyes haue had ynough both of felycitie and also of good happe And if anny God hath bene angry and displeased towardes vs for that that we be come hider to make warre we haue bene suffyciently and to muche ponysshed And it hath bene hertofore oftentymes sene of people that came to assaille other in their houses that hauynge done their indeuour in warre haue neuerthelas hadde tollerable mysfortunes and inconueniences wherfore we ought to hope that God woll doo better for vs hereafter for that that we desarue better to haue mercy of hym than vengeance In the reste youe ought to consider the force of youre self what nomber youe be and in what appareille of armure and to perswade yourselfe that in whatsoeuer parte ye be togiders you euene youe haue beatene yourselues that in whatsoeuer cyâ—ye of Sycille that youe arryue youe shal be easely receyued aither for loue or by force and also ye shall not easely be dryuene away after that you shall haue bene therunto ones retyredde and for to passe suerly youe shall haue regarde to marche in beste order and wyth greatest diligence that youe maye wythoute to thynke on other thynge but that in whatsoeuer parte youe be constrayned to fight if youe obteigne the victorye there shal be youre walles and youre cytie And also it is conuenyent for to continue and auaunce our iourney a day and a nyght without arrestynge vs for we lacke victuailles And after that we shall haue aryued in whatsoeuer towne of this countrey we shal be in suertie for that that they shall perseuer in our amytie and allyance for the feare whiche they haue of the Syracusayns And also we haue alreadye sente vnto theym for to aduertise theym to mete vs and to bryng vs victuailles And in effecte iudge and determyâ—â—e youe my frendes and compaignions that it is necessarye for youâ— to declare yourselfe honnest and vertuous people For if you do otherwyse you shall not fynde anye place in this countrey whiche shall not be youre ennemye and wherin you shall saue yourself But if you the othere that be not Athenyans do valyantly ye shall see in shâ—rte time the thyng whiche youe somuche desyre to see and youe whiche be Athenians shall resuscitate and reyse vp the greate puissance of your cytye although that it be greatly decayed For the walles and the shyps be not the cytie wythout men but rather the men wythout the same Suche deâ—â—arations Nycias dyd make to his souldyars here and there whan he parceyuedde any bende that wente not in good order or that followed not nighe vnto the othere and by that meane aither constraynedde theym orelles induced theym to marche as yt apperteignedde The lyke declarations did Demosthenes make to hys men and marched all in a foore cante battaile To wyttâ— Nycyas and hys men bifore and Demosthenes with his after And in the myddes were the banguages and the company of vnmete parsones whiche were in greate nomber Howe the Athenyans and their allyes being departed out of their campe after the ouerthrowe for to go fromthence by lande were followed by the Syracusayns and their allyes and fynally vtterly destroyed ☞ The .xiiii. Chapter IN suche manner the Athenians and there allyes marched vntill the syde of the ryuer of Anapus where they founde the Syracusayns and their allyes whiche wayted for them but they repoulsed them and passed against theiâ— wille notwtstanding the horsmen archers or darte casters followed them and oftentymes contended and dyd fight wyth them vntyll they arryued that same day in a place where was a high hylle Fortye stades out of Sarragosse where they lodged that same nyght On the morowe in the mornynge they departed aboute breake of the daye and after that they had iourneyedde aboutes .xx. stadesâ— they descended into a playne and there logded themself that same daye aswell for to take some victuailles and howsen that were there for that that the place was inhabyted as also for to take freshe water for to carye wyth theyme for in all the waye whiche they had passed they founde but lytle therof In thys meane tyme the Syracusayns aduansed themself to gett an othere passage by the whiche it was conuenient for the sayd Athenyans to passe whyche was a veray hyghe rocke that was hangyng and not to be come vnto on two sydes wherof the toppe was named Lepas The morowe after those same Athenyans and their allyes beinge in the waye were eftesones greatly troubled by the horsemen and archers or darte casters of the ennemyes wherof they had greate nomber whiche came chasynge and assayllynge theym by the sydes so that skarcely they coulde iourney And fynally after that they had
good to put the thing in hazarte of the battaille but rather it was that which thennemys shuld most desyre And on the other parte knowyng to haue already almoste the victorye in their handes they feared to coÌ„myt any faulte For it semed well vnto them that wythout faighting in rancked battaille in suffrynge by suche meanes theiâ— ennemyes they shulde haue them without doubte at their wyll and pleasure Hauing than escharmouchedde by suche meane all the daye wyth strokes of dartes and knowyng that they were discouraiged an heraulte was sente vnto theym frome Gylippus the Syracusayns and their allyes Whiche did furste to vnderstande that if there were any of the Islanders cyties that would wythdrawe and come to them he shuld be saued Whereupon there were some bendes that withdrewe theymeself but veray fewe And afterwardes the lyke offer was made vnto Demosthenes that to all those that woulde putt of their armure lyfe shulde be saued and shulde not be put into close prysone nothere any necessitie of victuailles the whiche partie they all dyd accepte whiche were founde aboute sixe thousande and at the arryuall euery man consigned and delyuered the monney whiche he hadde the whiche they layde downe wythin foure crownes beynge vppermoste wherof they had plentie And fourthwith they were ledde vnto Sarragosse Duryng this tyme Nycyas had iourneyed all that same day to the ryuer Erineus hauing passed the whiche he was lodged vpon an high hille verye nigh vnto yt In the whiche place he was the morowe after ouer takene by the Athenyans who signefied vnto him that Demosthenes and his men had rendred themself admonysshynge hym to do the lyke whereunto Nycyas woulde not geue sayth or creditt but demanded them that they shulde be contente that he might sende one of his horsemen for to brynge the trewe repoarte thereof vnto hym whyche they graunted vnto hym And afterwardes beyng infourmed by hys sayd horsemen he sent to shewe vnto Gylippus and the Syracusains that he was content to make appoynttment wyth them in the name of the Athenyans if they would suffer him to passe with his men to wytt to render and repaye vnto them all the charge that they had made in that same warre and thereupon to delyuer them for hostages a certene nomber of Athenyans whom repaying the sayd monney they would buy a gayne at a talent for euery hedde But Gylippus and the Syracusains would not accept the said partie but they assailled them with stroakes of dartes on all sydes so longe as the daye endured And notwithstandyng that they were by that meane euyll entreated and also in necessitie of victuailles yet they determyned to departe fromthence that same nightâ— and had already taken their armure for to marche whan they vnderstoode that the ennemyes had parceuerance therof by the signe of the battaille which they had caused to be geuen in their campe So they did putt their armure of except three houndred or theraboutes whiche passed by force ouerthwart the watche of the sayd ennemys hopyng to saue theymself for that night The daye beynge come Nycyas toke hys iourney with his men But as he did begynne to marche the ennemyes assailled him with hande stroakes and with shott on all sydes as they had done the daye precedynge And yett neuerthelas susteigninge the stroakes aswelle of the sayed dartes and arrowes as also of horsemen they iourneyd still further hopynge to get the ryuer of Assinaris aswel for that that it semed that the same being passed the shulde goo in more suertie as also for to drynke for they all were troubled wyth thurste Beyng than arryued within the syght of the same ryuer they russhed all soubdainly into it without keping any order but so as edâ—ry man might cast himself furst into yt But thennemyes whiche followed pâ—â—forced themself for to lett them to passe wherby the disorder was veray greate forsomuch as in passing soubdainly and in a greate trowpe the one empesched the other aswelle with their parsones as with their harnois weapons So that the one dyd soubdainely swymme and the othere were so entermedledde togither that the ryuer dyd carye theym awayt and the ennemyes whiche kepte both the sydes whiche were veray high pursued theym on all sydes with stroakes of dartes and wyth hande In manner that a greate nomber of theyme were slayne specyally of the Peloponesyans who rested in the depeste of the water for to drynke the better at their ease By meane wherof the water was incontynently troubledde aswell with bloude of those that were hurte as with the mudde whiche they remoued by passing And yet neuerthelas they ceased not to drynke for the greate thurste that they had but rather they did fight amongest theymeselfe for drynke where they dyd see the water moste clere Fynally the ryuer beynge replenysshed wyth deade men whiche tombled the one vpon the othere and all that same armye destroyed to wytt some by the ryuer and the other that were eskaped by the horsmen Nycias rendred hymself vnto Gylippus trusting more in him than in the Syracusayns And submytting himself to the will of hym and of the other Peloponesians he prayed hym that he woulde not suffre the othere men of warre whiche were not yet deade to be slayne Whiche thyng Gylippus graunted vnto hym and defended that no man shoulde slaye anny more of the Athenyans but that they shulde be takene prysoners And so all those that were not hydde of whome was a greate nomber were taken prysoners and the three houndredde whiche were skaped in the night were lykewyse taken by the horsemen whyche were afterwardes sente vnto them but whan they were all togiders there was no greate nomber of them For the most parte vnclothed theymselfe and fledde fromthence by diuers wayes whereby all Sycille was replenyshedde for that that they rendred not themself by composition as those with Demosthenes but a greate partie of them did dye And in effecte that same slaughter was so great or greater than any other that had bene made in Sycille at any tyme bifore durynge that same warre For besydes those that were slayne by faightynge there was a greate nomber slayne in flyinge by the wayes orelles so hurte that afterwardes they dyed neuerthelas many dyd saue theymself some that same daye and the other the nyght followynge the whiche retyred into Catana The Syracusayns than and their allyes hauyng takene of the prysoners the moste that they myght retyred to Sarragosse being arryued at which place they sente the prysoners into an castelle namedde Litothomia the whiche they reputedde the strongest and most suer of al the other that they had But they soone caused Demosthenes Nycyas to dye against Gylippus will Who reputed that it shulde haue bene greate honnour vnto hym and for greate glorye besydes the victory at his retourne to bryng the Dukes of the ennemyes prysoners to the Lacedemonyans whereof the one had bene their mortell and sharpe ennemye at the ouerthrowe
and also landedde one parte of their men who fearedde theyme greatly and crusshed manye of their shyppes and dyd slay manany men among whome was Alcamenes also a certene nomber of their people dyed bifore that they departed but fynally the Athenyans retyredde And for to kepe the ennemyes assiegedde they lefte suche nomber as they thoughte good in a lytle Islande there adioignynge wherein they lodgeddde theymeselfe and sente wyt h dilygence by a brigantyne to the Athenyans that they shoulde sende theyme newe succours durynge this tyme and the daye followynge the Corinthians did comme to the ayde of the Peloponesians and sone after those of the other allyes who seinge that it shulde be veray harde for them for to kepâ— that same desarte place were in greate perplexitie and at the furste brunte did speake of burning their ships But fynally they determyned to wythdraw them towards the lande to cause their men to lande for to warde them vntill that they shulde see oportunytie for to saue them Agis beinge aduertysed of the whiche thynges sente vnto them a cytezeine of Sparte named Thermon Nowe the Lacedemonyans hadde bene aduertysed of the departure of the shipps out of the destreate for that that the Trybuns of the people had coÌ„manded Alcamenes that he shulde aduertyse them immediatly whan he departed For this cause they sence wyth all dylygence fyue ships after vnder the conducte of Chalcideus and of Alcibiades But afterwardes beinge aduertysed howe their men and shippes were fledde they were all astonyed and daâ—shedde oute of countenance that their furst enterpryse of warre in the sea Ionium had myshappened in suche sorte that they were determyned not to sende any more an army by sea out of their lande and to reuoke or calle backe the same whiche they had already sente thider Whyche perceyued Alcibiades perswaded eftsones to Endius that he shulde not suftre the enterpryse of Chio to be brokene of nother to waxe colde For it mighte arryue there before that the Chiens were aduertysed of the inconuenyence of the other shyppes And if he himselfe saylled into Ionum he was hable to cause ryght easely the cyties whyche toke parte wyth the Athenyans to rebelle sygnefyinge vnto them the debilitie and lowe estate of the Athenyans and the puissance togyders with the enterpryses of the Lacedemonyans for somuche as he had greate creditt with them And besydes this Alcibiades shewed to Endius perticulerly that it shulde be greate honnor and greate glorye vnto hym that by hys meane the contrey of Ionum shulde rebelle from the Athenyans to the confederatyon wyth the Lacedemonyens and that by that meane he shulde be compaignyon wyth Agys kinge and so haue done yt wythoute the sayde Agis vnto whom the same Endius was aduersary and Alcibiades so perswaded Endius and the other Trybuns that the charge of fyue shippes wyth Chalcideus the Lacedemonyan was delyuered vnto hym for to go in that same partie whiche they did in a ryght small tyme. Nowe chauÌ„ced it in that self time that Gylippus after the victorie comynge agayne oute of Sycille into Grece with xvi Peloponesians shipps he encountred nighe to Leucade .xxvii. shippes of the Athenyans wherof Hippocles sonne of Menippus was chief who was sente thider to thys ende to wytt for to encounter and spoylle the shippes whych came oute of Sycille and though that he did them greate displeasure and greatly feared them yet neuerthelas they eskaped all resarued one and sailled to lande at Corinthe In the meane tyme Chalcideus Alcibiades in making their voiage did take all the shippes whyche they encountred of whatsoeuer sorte that they were to the intente that their passage shulde not be knowin the whyche neuerthelas they dyd afterwardes suffer to departe byfore they arryued at the place of Coricque whyche is in mayne lande and hauinge treated wyth certene of the Chiens that ministred to the treatie they were aduertysed not to speke therof to any whatsoeuer parsone whiche thinge they dyd in suche sorte that they arriued at the Cytie of Chio byfore that any parson knewe any thinge therof The Cytezeins beyng much astonyed therof they were perswaded by some for to assemble the counsaille of the towne for to heare what they whyche were arryued wold say And the same beinge assembled Chalcideus and Alcibiades declaredde vnto them how many of the Peloponesians ships did come after vnto them wtoute makyng mention of those that were assieged in Pyreus The Chiens vnderstanding whichch thinge made allyance wyth the Lacedemonians departing them self from the same of the Athenians the lyke they caused incontynently after to be made by the Erethriens and consequently by the Clazomeniens who wout any further delay passed fourthwith into the mayne lande and builded there a small towne to the ende that if any shulde come to ouerroÌ„ne them in the Island they might haue some place for to witdraw theÌ„self into And for effecte all those that rebelled were attentiue diligente for to fortefie their walls to prouyde theÌ„self with all thinges for to resiste the Athenians if they did come to assaill them Whan the AthenyaÌ„s were aduertised of the rebellyoÌ„ of the ChieÌ„s they were in great sorow doubt that their allyes perceyuing that same great cytie rebelled wold do the like For this cause albeit that they had layd a part a thousande talentes had made a decree that no man shuld speke or purpose vnder the great paynes to touche or to take therof during all the warre yet neuerthelas for the feare that they had of that same case they reuoked their decre ordeyned that men shulde take a great part therof wherwith that they might make and tacle a great noÌ„ber of ships moreouer caused eyghte of those that were in Pyreus to dislodge vnder the conduict of StroÌ„bichides sone of Diotimus for to follow those which Chalcideus and Alcibiades did conducte but they coulde not ouertake them for they were already come agayne fromthence And sone after they sent for the same effecte twelue other ships vnder the conducte of Thraâ—ides which likewise were departed froÌ„ the Siege of those that were in Pireus For vnderstanding the rebellioÌ„ of the Chiens they seased the .xvii. ships which they had of theÌ„ at the said Pyreus restored to libertie the esklaues that were wtin them but they did take the cytezeins prisoners And in stede of the other which had geueÌ„ vp forsaken that same siege there were other fourth with sent thider at great charges also they had determyned to arme .xxx. vpwards of them which to do they vsed so great dyligence that it semed that they estemed nothing to be sufficient inough for to recouer Chio. During this time Stronbichides with .viii. ships sailled to SamuÌ„ hauing there taken also one shippe which he founde there he sailled to Tea and prayed the cytezeins that they wolde be firme and constant not to
against the Athenyans in all sortes that they coulde cessed not with their proper force wtout any ayde of the Peloponesians for to sollycit practise the other cyties holding the partie of the AtheniaÌ„s for to tourne froÌ„ them they did this for many reasons but principally for to wtdraw so many more people into self danger wherin they were And so they armed .xiii. ships with the which they sailled towards Lesbos ensuyng the derre of the Lacedemonyans by the which it was appoincted that the second nauigatioÌ„ or voiage by sea shuld be made to the said Lesbos the thirde to HellespoÌ„te For the fotenâ—eÌ„ which were come thider aswel PeloponesiaÌ„s as other borderers were gone to Clazomenie to Cumes of whoÌ„ Eualas the SpartiaÌ„ was capitain Dimiadas of the ships The Chiens came with this army furst to Methimne at the arriual caused theÌ„ to rebelle hauing left there four ships came froÌ„thence to Mytilene with the rest of the ships whoÌ„ they caused likewise to rebell On the other side Astiochus the admiral by sea of the LacedemoniaÌ„s departed froÌ„ Cenchre with thre ships did come to Chio. Being at which place thre dates after his coÌ„minge he vnderstode how LeoÌ„tes DiomedoÌ„ were arriued at Lesbos with .xxv. Athenians ships which vnderstaÌ„ding he departed the same day in the euening with one only ship of Chio for to saille into the parte to see if that he could geue any newe succours to the Mytileniens and did come that night to Pyrrha and the morowe aftere to Eresse In which place he was aduertised how the AthenyaÌ„s had at the furst assaulte taken the cytie of Mytilene by thys manner For bifore that any man perceyued yt they were soubdaynly arryued in the porte where they destroyed the shipps of the Chiens which they found there and fourthwith were landed hauynge repoulsed those of the towne that came to the defence they were entred into it by force Astyochus than vnderstandinge this nouueltie he changed hys opynyon to go to Mytilene But rather with the shipps of the Eressiens three of those of Chio which the Athenyans had takene at Methymna wyith Eubolus their capytain but after the takyng of Mytilene were eskaped and the fyfth remayned he wente to Eressus and after that he had put good garnysone wyth in it he sente by lande to Antissa and to Methymna the men of warre that he had within his ships vnder the conducte of Eteonicus and he with his shippes and three of the Chiens sailled by sea that self way hopynge that the Mytilenians seing his army by sea wold take courage for to persiste and contynue in their rebellion agaynste the Athenyans But seyng that all thynges came contrary vnto hym in the Isle of Lesbos he recharged hys men whyche he had sette on lande and retourned fromthence to Chio and there parted or disseuered the men that he had aswell of sea as of lande through the townes and villaiges vntill that wherby they shulde passe into Hellesponte And sone after came thider sixe ships of the allyes of the Peloponesians to wyt of those that were in Chencte On the other syde the Athenyans hauinge than ordayned the affayres of Lesbos they did come to the newe towne whyche the Clazomenyans had newly made in the mayne lande and did beate and rase it vtterly downe and the cytezeins whiche they founde wythin it they caryed agayn into the cytie within the Islande those excepted which had bene authors of the rebellyon who were fledde fromthence to Daphnus by that meane brought Clazomenie agayne into the obeissance of the Athenyans The same sommer the twenty Athenyans shipps that were rested at the Isle of Lada nyghe vnto Mylett hauynge sett their men on lande did comme to assaille the towne of Panorme whyche is in the terrytorie of the Mylesiens At whyche assaulte Chalcideus duke of the Athenyans was slayne who was come wyth a small nomber of men for to succour the towne and that done they departed fromthence and the thirde daye after they dyd sett vp theire Trophee whyche the Milesiens dyd afterwardes beate downe saying that they ought not to haue reysed vp an Trophee in a place whyche they hadde not taken by force On the other syde Leon and Dyomedon with the shipps that they had at Lesbos departed fromthence and came to the Iâ—â—endes next to Chio and frothence made warre against the Chiens by sea and also by lande wyth the footemen well armed which they had caused the Lesbyans to furnish by thappoynct meÌ„t whych they had made wyth theÌ„ in suche sorte that they brought agayn the townes of Cardomyla and that same of Bolissus and the other nighe bordering of the lande of Chio into their obeissance chieflye aftere that they had destroyed and vaynquished the Chiens in three battaills whyche they had agaynst them The furste byfore the sayde towne of Bolissus the seconde byfore Phanes and the thirde byfore LeuconicuÌ„ After the whyche they durste no more yssue fourth of their cytie and by that meane the Athenyans remayned Lordes of the feldy grounde and also pillaiged and wasted all that same fayre and ryche countrey whyche had not endured anny dammaige of warre sithens that same of the Medes and they were also nexte the Lacedemonyans of all that I haue knowin both most blessed and also the moste modestuous and sober And also they had thys pollecie that howe muche the more the cytie encreased in ryches somuche they enforced themself to make yt the more fayer and triumphant in all things And they neuer enterprysed to rebelle agaynste the Athenyans vntil they parceyued that there were many of the other puissaunte and honnorable cyties whiche did put themself into the self danger And that the case of the Athenyans was in such declination after the losse that they had made in Sycille that they themself helde their estate in manner for lost And though that they had an euyll opynyon therein lyke as it happeneth in humayne affayres yet neuerthelas it was comon with many other sage and puissante parsones who helde it for certayne that the estate and the Empire of the Athenyans wythin shorte tyme shulde be loste Seinge than that they were oppressed aswell by sea as by land there were some in the towne that intreated to rendre it agayn to the Athenians The principalleste of the towne beinge aduertysed therof wolde make none other shewe or apparance therin of themself but sent vnto Astyochus who was at Erythree that he shulde come wyth foure ships that he had for to geue some remedy therin takynge hostaiges or pledges of the suspected or by suche other meane as he shulde thynke to be expedyent the moste modestuously that he coulde In suche termes or condition were the affayres of Chio. ¶ Howe the Athenyans hauing assieged the cytie of Mylet hadde a battaille againste the Peloponesians in the whyche
greatly helpe aswelle for the loue of Alcibiades as for their particuler proffytt And so declared all that which Alcibiades had sayd to them vnto the people right amply which semed in many thinges right greate and ryght assured But Phrynicus who was yet Duke of the Athenyans founde nothynge good whiche came to that purpose And it semedde to hym that Alcibiades in the estate wherin he was desired not more the gouernance of the pryncipalles than of the comon estate but rather that his ende and intente was to make some sedition in the cytie hoping that by one of the parties he shulde be called againe and wholy restored where agaynst the sayd Phrynicus mynded well to withstande aswelle for his particuler interest as for to exchue the deuysion of the cytie And moreouer he coulde not vnderstande howe the king would departe from the amytie of the Peloponesians for to allye hymself wyth the Athenyans considered that the sayd Peloponesians had already asmuche practise puissance in the sea as the Athenians also that they possessed many of the cyties within the kynges countreyâ— wherfore for to ioigne himself with the Athenians in whome he might skarceâ—y haue confydence it shulde be vnto hym but charge traâ—aille And that it were a muche more easy thyng for him and more conuenable for to enterteigne the amytie with the PeloponesiaÌ„s who had in nothing offeÌ„ded him On the other parte he sayd that he knewe that the other cyties whaÌ„ they shulde vnderstaÌ„de that the gouâ—â—â—â—nce of that same Athens was altered and translated from the coÌ„mons to a small nomber of men and that they must lyue of the self sorte the same that were already tourned frome them would not therfore come againe to the amytie and obeyssance of the Athenyans And those whyche had not done yt woulde not therfore lette to do yt For where they hoped to recouer there lybertie by the meane of the Peloponesians hauynge the victory they would not choose to remayne in subiection of the Athenyans in whatsoeuer manner that their estate shulde be gouerned were it by the comons or by the pryncipalles And on the other syde that those whiche were reputed for the most honnest for the pryncypalles coÌ„sidered that they shulde suffre no lesse the gouernaÌ„ce being in the power of a small nomber than they dyd whan the same was in the handes of all the coÌ„mons For they shulde be asmuche troubled by those whiche vsed guiftes and corruptions and that were inuentours and conductours of all euyll thynges for to make their particuler proffyt as they were in the coÌ„mons esâ—ate And also the citizeins shulde vnder the auctorytie of those whyche shulde haue this gouernement be punisshed and putt to death without hearing their offences where they than had recourse to the people whiche punysshed suche violences and that the same was the opynyon of the othere cyties whiche were in their obeyssance or amytie which had knowyn yt by experience Phrynicus sayd that he was well infourmed of all thies thynges and therby not to fynde any thynge of that good whiche Alcibiades dyd than sett forwarde Yet alwayes those whiche frome the begynnynge had bene of the contrarye opynyon all that same notwithstanding perseuered styll therin so ordeyned to sende messengers vnto Athens amoÌ„gest whome was Pysander for to propone and declare vnto the coÌ„mons the restitution and restoryng of Alcibiades the abolysshynge of the comon estate Whereupon Phrynicus seynge and knowyng of what sorte the messengers shulde propone declare the brynging againe of Alcibiades doubtinge least the coÌ„mons would accepte it and if it were so that euill shulde chance to him for the resisteÌ„ce that he had made to the contrary Alcibiades hauing the pryncipall auctorytie he deuysed one suche a practique Which is that he secretly sent one of his men to Astyochus chief of the army by sea of the Peloponesians which was yet at Milet whome he aduertised by his letters of manye thinges and amonge oâ—her howe Alcibiades destroyed all the affaire of the sayd Peloponesians and treatedde to make allyance bitwene Tyssaphernes and the Athenians and by the said letters declared that he was to be pardoned in that he aduertysed and did counsaille the thyng whiche was to the disaduantage of hys cytie and countrey insomuche as he dyd yt for to noye his ennemye Astyochus hauing receyued his letters dydde not greatly esteme them For yt was not in his puissance to punyshe Alcibiades for that that he did no more come to him But he went to Tissaphernes and the sayd Alcibiades which were in the cytie of Magnesia and seignifyed vnto them what was wryttone to hym oute of Samie makynge hymself wytnes of that whiche had bene addressed vnto hym by that meane for to gratefie Tyssaphernes and as men dyd iudge to make his particuler proffytt thereby and also that vnto that ende he suffred that the paymente of the souldyars was delayed by the sayd Tyssaphernes Alcibiades hauinge recouered the letters of Phrynicus sent them incontinently to the officers chiefest that were in Samie admonysshing and requirynge theym that they shulde putt Phrynicus to death Who beynge herof aduertised and perceyuyng hymself in greate danger he did wryte eftsones to Asteochus complayning of this that he had discoueredde and delyuered hys letters to hys ennemyes offryng vnto hym an other partie to wytt to brynge into hys power all the army that he had at Samie for to cause theym all to dye delyueryng hym sufficient easy meanes for that that the towne had not walles and he excused himself afreshe vnto him saying that no maÌ„ ought to repute him wicked whider that he did the same or whatsoeuer any other thing for to exchue the danger of his lyfe wherin he was by procurement of his mortall ennemyes Astyochus caused eftsones this treatâ—e to be knowin to Tissaphernes and Alcibiades Phrynicus being aduertised herof that the same Alcibiades had not yet had his later letters in his handes he toke furst practised the other capytaines that were at Samie sayd vnto theÌ„ that he was aduertised how the enemyes considering that the same cytie was not enclosed with walles that the porte was so lytle that all the ships that they had there coulde not be within it were determyned for to assaille their campe wherfore he was of opiniâ—n that inconâ—inently the walles shulde be reysed rounde aboutes the towne and in the rest to make great watch great warde that he for the auctorytie which he had ouer theÌ„ by meane of his charge shuld constraine theÌ„ to do it Which thing they did willingly aswell for to exchue the danger that was preseÌ„t as also for to be hable to warde consarue it in time to come Sone after the letters of Alcibiades did come to the other capitains of the army by the which he aduertised theÌ„ of the treatâ—e of Phrynicus how that he would betray deliuer theÌ„ al
that were there of the army by sea wolde not be agreable to that change nother obey their gouernance and leaste the euylland the discorde shuld beginne there and afterwards come into the cytie as it happened For after the time that the sayd change was made at Athens there was a mutyne and sedytion made in the sayd cytie of Samie for the selfe occasion in this manner For some Samyens the whyche in fauoure of the comons estate that was than in the cytie and for defence ther of were reysed vp and in the armure against the pryncipalles of the towne that wolde haue vsurped the admynistration did sone after tourne changed their opynyon at the perswation of Pysander whan he was come thider and of other his followers and accomplices Athenians whoÌ„ he founde there And willing to put downe the sayd comoÌ„ estate they assembled to the nomber of foore houndred fully determyned to assaulte and dryue awaye all those that conducted the comon gouernance pretendinge themself to be and represente all the comons And at the arryuall they dyd slay an vngracious man and one of an euill lyuinge an Athenyan named Hyperbolus who was bannisshed oute of Athens nother for suspytion nor feare that annye man had of hys puissance nor of hys aucthorytie but for synne and offence and for that that he procured shame to the cytie togiders with one of the Dukes Athenyans named Charminus and some other Athenyans that were in hys compaignie by whose counsail he gouerned himself And they determined to procede further in fauour of the smal noÌ„ber But the other cytezeins taking partie with the comon estate which vnderstode this coÌ„iuration or conspyratie did discouer it chiefly to some of the capytains that were vnder the charge of DiomedoÌ„ of Leon dukes of the AtheniaÌ„s The which dukes for somuche as they had had that same charge other honnour 's of the comoÌ„s were not coÌ„tent that the auctorytie shuld come into hands of a smal nomber And lykewyse they discouered it vnto Thrasylus wherof the one was patrone of a shipp and the other capytayne of the men of warre that were in the same and also the sayd men of warre whome they knewe to haue affection to the sayde comons estate prayinge and requyringe that they woolde not suffer them to be so foyled and ouercharged by the sayde coniuratours whiche had conspyred their death nother also in suche affayre to habandonne the cytie of Samie whyche shulde cause it to lose and wythdrawe the good wille that it had borne to yâ— AthenyaÌ„s if they wold change the fourme of lyuing which they had vsed vntyll that same time This thinge being so declared to the Chiefes and capitains they did speke particulerly to the souldyars perswading them not to suffre that same conspyratie to take effecte And furste they practysed the compaignie of the Athenyans that men call Pareles and afterwardes all the free men that were in that same Athenyan shyp whych had bene both than at all tymes byfore contrarye to the estate and gouernance of the smalle nomber and also were in good estymation wyth Diomedon wyth Leon in suche sorte that whan they made any voiage in the sea they delyuered vnto them willyngly the charge and warde of certayne shippes Those same than beynge ioygned wyth those of the towne that were for the comons estate they deâ—yed the thre houndred coniurators that were chosen and putt in authorytie Wherof they dyd slay thirty and bannisshed three of the pryncypal authors They pardoned the othere and restored the commons estate into his former auctorytie That done the Samyens and the Athenyan souldyars that were there did incontynently sende that same shippe wyth Parales togyders wyth that Capytayn and Patrone of the same ship named Chereas the sonne oâ— Archestratus that was aydinge to that same busynes for to aduertyse the Athenyans of that whiche had bene there done knowinge also that the gouernance of the cytie of Athens had bene putt into the power of four houndred Who vnderstanding the commyng of that same shyppe caused twoo or three of the sayde Parales to be taken and putte into prysone and caused the other to be charged into other shyppes and sent them into dyuers places of Eubea for to be suerly warded resarued Chereas who perceyuynge whiche waye the wynde wolde blowe hydde and saued himself and afterwardes retourned to Samie and reoported to those that were there alle that whyche had bene done at Athens and made the thynges muche greater than they were saying that all they that toke parte wyth the comons were beateÌ„ and oultraged wythout that that there was any one parsone that durste hysse agaynste the gouernours and that they oultraged and wronged not onely the men but also theire wyâ—es and children And moreouer that they determyned the lyke to all those that were in the armye of Samie that shulde be â—waruinge and discrepant from their willâ—â— and to take their wyues childrene and nexte parentes and to cause them to dye if they wolde not condescende vnto their wylle And the sayde Chereas reaported many other thynges whyche were all lyes wherby the souldyars were so spytefull and inflamed that they were of opynyon to slay not onelye those that hadde brought in the estate of a small nomber at Samie but also those alle that had cleued and consented therunto Beynge declared vnto them by some whiche entermedled for to quiett and appaysetheym that in so doynge they shulde putte the cytie in danger to fall into the handes of the enemyes whyche were in greate nomber in the sea for to come to assaulte them they dyd forbeare to do yt And neuerthelas wyllynge to sett vp agayne openly the comon estate in the same cytie Thrasibulus and Thrasillus who were the chiefes and pryncypall conductours of that same practique constrayned all the Athenyans that were there in the armye and chiesly those that toke partie wyth the gouernance of the smalle nomber for to helpe with their power to defende the comon estate and to follow touchynge the same that whyche those capytains wolde do and in that doinge to defende the cytie of Samie againste the Peloponesyans and to take the foure houndred newe gouernours of Athens for ennemyes and not to make any treatie nor appoinctement with theym All the Samyens whych were in age to beare weapons made the lyke othe vnto whoÌ„ the souldyars made also othe for to lyue to die with them in one self fortune Reputing that there was none other hope of welth nother for them nor for those of the towne But rather they al did take theymselfe for loste ayther yf the estate of foure houndred shulde take place at Athenes orelles if the Peloponesyans shulde take the towne by force In thies entrefaictes a longe tyme was employed ad lost whylest the souldyars Athenyans that were in the army of Samie wylled to restore the cytie of Athens to the comon estate and those which
perceiuing them coÌ„ming wtdrew himself into Franchise or Sanctuary in a chapell therby by that meane saued himself But afterwardes being come fourth fromthence they dyd take hym and besides that the Mylesiens wente to assaulte a castelle or bulleworke whyche Tissaphernes hadde there made the whyche they toke and chased fromthence hys men that he had sette therein whyche thynge was agreable to the other allyes and also the other Syracusains But Lychas was therwyth displeased saying that the Mylesians and other which were vnder domyny on of the kynge shuld obey and please Tissaphernes in the thynges that were reasonable vntil that the affayres of the warre might haue bene better ordered by occasion wherof and of many other like declarations the Mylesyans conceyued so great indignation against him that being sone after dead afa disease or maladie they would not suffre that hys body shulde be engraued in the place where the Lacedemonyans that were there had appoincted In thies entrefaites and thies dissentions being amonge the souldyars Tyssaphernes and Astyochus arryued at Mylet Myndarus beinge sente for chief of that same army from the Lacedemonyans in the stede of Astiochus who after that he had reÌ„dred the charge to the said Mindarus he retourned to Lacedemonie and Tyssaphernes sente wyth hym an Ambassadour of Gaulere named Cara whyche coulde speake well both languages to wytte Greke and Persyan aswell for to complayne of the oultrage that the Milesians had done vnto hym and hys men in thys castell or bastillion as also for to excuse hymselfe of that wherwyth he knewe well that they woolde charge hym that they hadde sente men to Lacedemonie to do yt and that Hermocrates was gone wyth them who affyrmed that he and Alcibiades were agrede for to destroye and marre the affayres of the Peloponesians For he had had of a longe tyme a meruelous hatred agaynste the sayde Tissaphernes by cause of the payâ—mente and also for thys that beinge come the other three Chiefes of the Syracusains shippes vnto Mylet to wytte Potamus Miston and Demarchus the same Tyssaphernes had sharpely charged hym in their presence of many things and amonge othere that the hatred whyche he had agaynste hym was for thys cause that he would not delyuer vnto hym a certen some of monney whyche he had demaunded of him In thys manner Astyochus the messengers of the Mylesians and Hermocrates sailled frome Mylet the Lacedemonye And on the other syde Alcibiades retourned from Tyssaphernes to Samie Beinge arryued at whyche place certen messengers dyd come from Delos whiche the foure houÌ„dred gouernours of Athenes had sente thyder for to pacefie quyett those that were in the sayd place of Samie But at the begynnynge the people beynge by them assembled the souldyars made instance that no man shulde geue them audyence but rather cryed wyth a lowde voyce that men ought to hacke into pieces suche people as woolde destroye the comone estate neuerthelas after manye woordes sylence was made and they were hearde wyth greate difficuâ—tie who declared howe the change of the estate whych had bene made was not for the destruction of the cytie as they were done to vnderstande but rather for the welth of the same and to the ende that it shulde not come into the power of the ennemyes who were comme vnto byfore the towne Whereupone yt was deuysed to be necessarye to depute the sayde foore houndred to geue order to the defence and in the affayres of the same wyth the othere fyue thowsande all the whychâ— shuld be parttakers in euery whatsoeuer thyng for the coÌ„ductyng or admynistratyon of the affayres And also that yt was not trewe whyche Chereas had spokene for enuye that men had bannyshed and euyll intreated the Childrene parentes and frendes of those whyche were wythout but rather suffred them all in their goodes howses and in lybertie as they had byfore tyme bene But hauynge made their excuses and declarations and wylling to passe further they were empesched or interrupted by those Chartagians that were there whiche toke that that was sayde in an euill parte and bigone to speake many and dyuers opynyons but the more parte did put it fourth that men shulde saille fromthence by vnto Pyreus In the whyche trouble Alcibiades shewed hymselfe asmuche or more frende to the partie wherwyth he did take than any of the other For seing that the Athenyans whyche were there were mynded to saille agaynst those that were at Athenes and knowinge that if that dede were donne it shulde be occasion that the ennemyes shuld take all the contrey of Ionum and of Hellesponte he wolde not suffre it but rather did speake against it whych thynge none other but he might do in the same furye And by hys auctorytie he stayed that same nauigation and also caused those to holde theire peace whyche cryed agaynste the messengiers and blamed them openly And afterwardes sente them agayne despeched by hymself in thys manner To wytte that as touchynge the fyue thowsand men whiche were named for to ayde in the gouernance of the Cytie he was not of opynyon that they shulde be taken froÌ„ the gouernance but he willed gladly that the foore houndred shulde be dysmyssed and that the counsaill shulde be readmytted in the nomber of fyue houndred in like forme as it was bifore And somuche as touched that whyche had bene made by the sayde foore houndred for to dymynishe the expences of the cytie for to fournishe the payment of the men of warre he dyd right well allowe it and exhorted them to prouyde well in the other affayres of the cytie and not to suffer the cytie to comme into the handes and power of the ennemyes geuinge them good hope for to appoincte and conclude all thies dissentions the cytie remayninge in his entier estate wythout that they shulde ryse in stryfe and armure the one agaynst the other wherunto men ought to haue good regarde For if they at any tyme shulde come to fight to wit those that were in the cytie agaynste them that were at Samie which of the parties shulde haue the victorie there shulde none remaine with whom the appointement might be made Nowe were come thider Ambassadours from the Argiues which presented to the Athenyans that were there ayde succours against the foore houndred for defence of the comon estate vnto whome Alcibiades dyd render thankes for their good offres and neuerthelas hauing demaÌ„ded of them who had prayed them to come thider for that matter and they hauyng aunswered that they were not come thyder as called by any parson he â—ente them away graciously And for trouth they had not bene required to come But certayne Paraliens beynge sente by the foore houndred in a shippe of warre for to saille to see what was done in Eubee and also for to carye three Ambassadours that those foore houndred sent to Lacedemonie to wyt Lespondias Aristophon Milesias the said Paralians whan they were arryued at Argos
manye declarations made vnto the people for to cause the comons to reise agaynst theym it was fynally determyned to take Ye by force Ensuyng the which delyberation they that were busyed at the fortefyinge of Fetione ouer whome Aristocrates was chief did take one of the nomber of foore hoūdred whiche neuerthelas helde secretly the contrary parte named Alexicles and warded hym in hys oune house and after the same they toke many of them and amonge other one of the capytaynes that had the wardyng of Munichie named Hermon and that was done by consente of the greateste partie of the souldyars The whyche thynge beyng signefyed to the foore houndred whych at that tyme were in the pallais of the towne resarued those that was not pleased wyth the gouernemente determyned to take their armure weapons for to geue charge vpon Theramenes and those whiche were wyth hym Who excusynge hymselfe sayd that he was ready for to saille to Ye to apprehēde and take those that made suche nouelties And so he dyd take one of the capytaynes whyche was of hys wyll and mynde wyth hym and went to Pyreus Unto whom Aristarchus and the horsemen were aydynge whereby a greate and horrible tumulte was incontinently stirred vp For they that were wythin the cytie sayd playnly that Pyreus was taken and all those that were founde wythin yt were slayne And on the other syde those whiche were wythin Pyreus thought that al those that were in the cytie had come against them So that the auntyente of the cytie had ynough to do for to kepe the cytizeins frome puttynge theymeselfe alle into armure and therin Thucidides the Pharsalien trauaylled greatly with them Who hauyng had greate amytie and acquaintance wyth manye amongeste them laboured to appaise theyme wyth swete woordes requyrynge and exhortynge theyme that they shoulde not wylle to putt the cytie into danger of destruction hauynge the ennemyes so nyghe whyche layde in wayte for theyme by meanes of whyche declarations the furye was appaysedde and all wythdrewe theymeselues into their houses Durynge thys tyme Theramenes who was officier wyth the othere beynge at Pyreus made semblante wyth woordes onely to be angrye agaynste the footemen well armedde But Aristarchus and those of hys bende whiche were of the contrary faction or secte were for trouth throughly displeased agaynste theym The whyche for all that ceassed not to procede in their busynes and worke vntylle that some of theym demaunded of Theramenes whider yt semed vnto hym for the beste to fynyshe the walle or to rase it downe For beynge by hym aunswered that if it pleased theym to grynde it downe he woulde not therewyth be angry incontynently all those whiche wrought and manye of the othere that were in Pyreus mountedde vpon the sayed walle and in a veray shorte tyme broughte it to grounde And in that doynge to thintente to encouraige the people vnto their purpose and wyll they sayd with a lowde voyce vnto the standers by thies wordes Whosoeuer hath more desyre that the fyue thousande shall gouerne rather than the foore houndred he oughte to doo this whiche we doo And that dyd they saye for to declare that they were not wyllyng to sette vp agayne the common estate but rather shewed theymself concented that the fyue thousande shoulde gouerne fearynge leaste that it shulde eskape to any of those whyche pretended to haue anny gouernaunce in the sayd comon estate for to name it by errour or ouersyght by speakynge the one to other wherof the foore houndred were muche astonyed for that that they were not contente that the sayd fyue thousande shoulde haue auctorytie nor also vnderstande that they shulde be deposed For in that doyng it shulde come agayne to the comon estate also in geuynge theym the auctorytie yt shoulde in manner be all one the auctorytie beynge in so great nomber of men And so this facion of not declarynge the thynge helde the men in feare asmuche of the one syde as of the other The morowe followynge the foore houndredde althoughe that they were yet in greate trouble assembled togiders in the pallais On the other syde those whiche were in armure in Pyreus hauynge rased downe the walle and releassed Alexicles whome they had bifore apprehended they went into the Theatre or guylde hall of Dyonisius that is to saye of Bacchus whyche is bifore Munichie within Pyreus So they helde there their counseylle and after hauynge debated vpon that whyche they had to doo they concluded for to goo into the cytye and there to bestowe their armure in the place accustomed whyche thynge they dyd And they beynge vnarmed came manye cytizeins sente secretly frome the foore houndred whyche addressed and repayred to those whyche they knewe to be moste tractable prayinge theym that they shoulde kepe the peace wythoute makynge annye trouble or tumulte in the cytie and also to defende that the othere dydde yt not shewynge theyme that they all togiders myghte name the fyue thowsande that shulde haue the gouernance and putt into the same nomber the foore houndred to suche charge and aucthoritie as they shoulde thynke good for to kepe the cytye frome danger of comymnge into the power of the ennemyes Throughe whiche declarations and requestes whiche were made by dyuers men in dyuers places and to dyuers personaiges the people was greatly quyetted fearynge leaste their dissention shulde come to the ruyne and destruction of the cytie And in effecte yt was generallye agreede that at a certene day an vniuersall assemblie of the people shoulde be made wythin the temple of Bacchus Howe the Peloponesians had a vicorye by sea agaynst the Athenyans nigh to Erithree And afterwardes howe the gouernance of the foore houndredde was abrogated and the sedition in the cytie by that meane appaised ☞ The .xiii. Chapter THe people beyng at the day assigned assembled in the temple of Bacchus bifore that any thyng had bene proponed and declared newes came that xlii shyppes were departed frome Megare for to comme to Salamyne vnder the conducte of Agisandridas Which thyng semed to the people to be the effecte of that whiche Theramenes and his followers had sayd bifore that the armye by sea of the ennemyes would come straight to the walle whyche was in buyldynge and that for the same cause it was expediente for to rase it downe And yt myghte be that Agisandridas kept hymself aboutes Epidaure and other nygh places of a sett purpose knowyng the dissension wherein the Athenyans were for to execute some good thynge if he myghte see occasion and oportunitie The Athenyans vnderstanding than theis newes departed all ronnyng into Pyreus reputyng the same domesticall and intestyne warre more greate and more dangerous than the same of the ennemyes and beyng bifore their poorte more than if it had bene in anny other place further of For thys cause some dyd caste theymself into the shippes whiche were ready and tacled within the poorte the other they did bringe to
ymagyned one suche tromperie and deceite for to empesche it That is that he didde speake secretly to the sayedde ambassadoursâ— and sayed vnto them that they should not in any manner of the world declare to the comminaltie that they had ful might to trauaille and entrete vpon all the differences promysinge them that if they would so do for to geue and restoore Pylus vnto theym and that he had the meane and auctoritie for to perswade it vnto the comons lyke as bifore tyme he had had to cause them to deny it to the other ambassadours of the Lacedemonians And moreouer he promysedde that he woulde appoyncte and appease all the other differences that they hadde togiders And this did he to the intent that he myght withdrawe theym fro the practique knowlaige of Nycias And also that by this meane he might caliumniate and accuse theym towardes the comons that there were in theym nother trouthe nor loyaultie and by that doynge to enduce the same commons for to make allyance with the Argiues the Mantynyans and the Elians lyke as it chaunced For whan the ambassadours dydde comme to the assemblie of all the people beinge demandedde if they had full power for to procede vpon all the differences they sayed nay Whiche was whole contrarye to that which they hadde sayedde to the counsaille Whereby the Athenyans were so mouedde that they woulde no more heare them But dyd cleue vnto Alcibiades who bigonne vpon this occasion for to charge them with more than bifore So that through his perswation they caused the Argiues and the other that were comme in their compaignie to enter for to conclude allyance wyth theym But bifore the matter was establishedde fully the earth quaked by occasion wherof the thyng was put of or remytted vntyll the neâ—te daye followyng At whiche daye Nycyas perceyuing himself to be deceyued by Alcybiades aswell as the Lacedemonyans who were enduced to denye vnto the comons that whiche they had sayd to the counsaille lefte not of for all that to shewe afreshe vnto the assemblie that the allyance ought to be made and renewed with the Lacedemonians that men ought to sende vnto them for to knowe more amply their intent and in meane tyme to differre the allyance with the Argiues Declaring vnto theÌ„ that it was their honour and the shame of the Lacedemonians for to differ the warre for that that they had the better wherfore it was to their aduantage that they aboade in that reputacion where the Lacedemonians who remayned with the losse had occasion to dsire warre And so he perswaded them in that sorte that it was concluded for to sende an ambassade vnto the sayd Lacedemonyans In the which among other was named that same Nycyas And those ambassadors hadde charge to say to the sayd Lacedemonyans that if they were willing to enter frankely into the busines and for to enterteigne the peace allyance that they shulde restore to the Athenians Panacte hoole entier and reedefyed And furthermore that they shulde departe with Amphipolis and frome thallyance of the Beotians And if they woulde not enter into the peace so and vnder the conditions that were spoken that is to wytt that the one of the cyties myght not make treatie with an other cytie whatsoeuer without the other declaring vnto them furthermore that if they would procede against the sayd treatie of peace and allyance doinge contrary to that whiche was agrede vpon that than those Athenyans had already concluded to the allyance with the Argiues whiche were at Athens attendynge the resolution And many other articles conteigninge doleance against the sayed Lacedemonians for that they had not kepte and obsarued the sayd treatie were geuen by instruction to the sayd ambassadours for to make declaratioÌ„ thereof to the sayd Lacedemonians The sayd ambassadours than being come and hauing expounded their charge to the Lacedemonyans for the last article hauyng signefyed that if they woulde not forsake the allyance of the Beotians in case they were not willynge to accepte the treatie of peace as is afore sayd the Athenyans woulde conclude the allyance with the Argiues the other of their intelligence they were forced to answere throughe the perswation of Xenares and of his faction that they would not departe froÌ„ he allyance of the Beotians And neuertheles being required by Nycias for to swere againe to kepe perfourme the treatie of peace and amytie which was made bitwene them they were not therwith coÌ„tent And that did Nycias fearing to haue retourned fromthence wtout hauing any thing done leste that he shulde be charged to haue bene cause of the sayd treatie of allyance lyke as it chaunced afterwardes whan he was come home againe And moreouer incoÌ„tinently as the Athenians had vnderstaÌ„de his reaport that there was in effect nothing done at the perswation of Alcibiabes they concluded the allyance with the Argiues which were there holding them for oultraged or iniuried by the Lacedemonians The tenoure of whiche allyance doth followe The tenour of the allyance bitwene the Athenyans and the Argiues the Mantynyens and the Elyans ALlyance hath bene made by the Athenians with the Argiues the Mantynians the Elyens for a houndred yeares aswel for theÌ„ as for their frendes ouer whom both the one the other partie doth preside gouerne without fraude deceite aswell by sea as by lande to witt that the one partie maye not make warre nor endomage the other nor their allyes nor subiectes vnder any coulour or accasion whatsoeuer it maye be And moreouer that if any estranger during the said time shal haue entred ennemylike into the lande of the sayd AtheniaÌ„s the sayd Argiues Mantynians Elyens shal be bounde to come to succoure theÌ„ with al their puissance fourthwith as they shal be therunto required by the same AtheniaÌ„s And if it chaunced that the sayd estrangers were already departed froÌ„ the lande of the Athenians yet these Argyues Mantyniens Elyens shulde repute them for ennemyes aswel as the AthenyaÌ„s And that it shall not be lawfull to any of the sayd coÌ„federed cyties to make any appoinctmeÌ„t with the sayd comon ennemyes wythout the will consent of the other And the Athenians shall do the like against those that shall come to assaile the sayd Argiues the Mantynians Elyans in their lande And furthermore that none of the sayd cyties shall permytte nor geue congie or lycence to passe through his lande nor through that same of his frendes nor allyes ouer whiche they preside or gouerne nother yet by sea vnto any warryours for to make warre except it be deliberated and agrede by all the sayd foure cyties and sett fourth in their name And that if one of the sayd cyties demaundeth succours and ayde of the people of the other that the same that shall sende the sayd succours shal be bounde to furnyshe the sayd succours with victuailles at his expences the space of .xxx dayes to be
Xenophantydas Laconiaâ— dyd come out of Chio to the Rhodes from Pedaritus who signifyed to the Lacedemonyans that were there that the wall which the Athenyans had reysed vp against the cytie of Chio was already fynysshed And that if all the army by sea did not right shortly come to their succours the same citie shuld be loste Which thing vnderstanding It was determyned by an generall accorde of theÌ„ all for to succour it In this meane time Pedaritus and the Chiens yssued fourth agaynst the rampars whiche the Athenyans had made aboute their shyppes with suche force that they did beate downe and breake one parte therof and also dydde â—ake some of the sayd shyps But the Athenyans beyng come to the succours of their men and rampares the Chiens did furst flye And afterwardes Pedaritus who was wylling to stande to it beynge habandoned of those which were about him was slayne a greate nomber of Chiens with him and a greate quaÌ„titie of harnoies takene By occasion of whiche ouerthrowe the cytie was assieged yet more straitly than bifore aswel by sea as by lande therewith was in greate necessiâ—ie of victualles On the other syde Pysander and his compaignions beyng arryued with Tyssaphernes they begon to treate with him the appoynctmente and to set fourth the parties But he fearing more the Lacedemonians than theÌ„ and as he that minded ensuing the counsaille of Alcibiades to suffre theÌ„ yet more â—o feoble and weaken the one the other did not wholy declare himself to the same Alcibiades Who perceiuing that did put fourth such parties bitwene the Athenyans Tyssaphernes that they coulde not agree whiche thing in my fantasie the said Tyssaphernes also purposed but to dyuers endes for diuers causes To witt Tissaphernes for that that he feared the PeloponesiaÌ„s therfore durst not wel departe froÌ„ them And Alcibiades for this that seing yâ— Tissaphernes was not willing to conclude the appoynctment he would not geue knolaige therof to the Athenians that it was not in his puissance to cause hym to coÌ„desceÌ„de vnto it but rather was he wylling to cause theym to bileue that he had already wonne hym and that they were the cause of the breaking of for that that they made to hym tomuch sklender offers And for to comme to hys purposes he demaunded of theym in the name of the sayed Tyssaphernes for whome he dydde speake in hys presence of thynges so greate and so vnreasonable that he was forcedde to kepe hymselfe frome agreynge vnto theym that the conclusion shulde not be made For furst he demaunded of theym all the countrey of Ionum with all the Islandes adioignyng to the same And that same beyng agrede vnto by the Athenyans at the thirde assemblie which they made for to shewe that he had some auctoritie with the kynge he demaunded them that they shulde suffer hym to make shyppes at hys wylle and wyth the same to saille into hys landes wyth suche nomber and as often as it shulde â—â—me good vnto hym The Ahenyans would not geue place to that demaunde but seinge that intollerable thynges were demaunded of theÌ„ and iudgynge them â—elf as deceyued by Alcibiades they departed in greate anger and disdeigne and retourned to Samie After that same Tyssaphernes the selfe wynter sailled agayne to Caunus to ioigne hymself a newe wyth the Peloponesians and to make allyance vpon suche conditions as he myghte payinge vnto them the soulde or wages at their pleasure to the ende that they shoulde not become hys ennemyes fearynge that if they were constrayned for to come to battaylle by sea wyth the Athenyans least that they shoulde be ouercome for lacke of men considered that the more parte of them had not be payde or ells that the Athenyans shoulde obteigne that whiche they required wythoute hym or happely that he feared more least that for to recouer their paymente they woulde waste and destroye the countrey of the kynge borderynge vnto theyme whiche was in the mayne lande For theis reasons than and for to come to his intentes whiche were to make the Grekes egall in force hauyng caused the Peloponesyans to comme he delyueredde theym paymente and soulde or wages of the armye by sea and dyd come to the thirde treatie wyth theym in this same manner and substance The thirde treatie of allyance bitwene the Lacedemonyans and the kyng Dareus THe thirtenth yeare of the kyng Dareus Alexippidas being Trybune of the people at Lacedemonie the treatie was made in the fielde of Meander bitwene the Lacedemonyans their allies of the one partie Tyssaphernes Theramenes and the childreÌ„ of Pharnacus on the other partie touching the affaires bitwene the sayd parties Furst that all the same whiche apperteigned to the kyng in Asia shulde remayne to hym and that he might determyne and dispose of his prouynce at his pleasure That the Peloponesians nor their allyes shulde not enter into the kinges countrey for to endomage it nor lykewyse the kyng into the countrey of the Lacedemonyans nor of the allyes And if any of the sayd allyes did the contrary the other shulde prohybitt resist them and the king lykewise if any of his subiectes did it in the laÌ„des of the sayd confederates That Tyssaphernes shulde pay the soulde or wages to the ships which be presently ready attending that those of the king shulde come and than the Lacedemonians and their said allyes shulde wage and enterteigne theirs at their proper costes expences if they would and if they rather desired that Tyssaphernes shulde paye the charge that he shulde be bounde to lende theÌ„ monney which shulde be rendred repayde vnto him the warre fynysshed by the sayd allyes That after that the kinges ships shulde be come they shulde ioigne with those of the allyes al togiders make warre against the Athenians so long as it shulde seme good to the sayd Tyssaphernes to the sayd Lacedemonyans and confederates if it shulde seme good vnto theÌ„ to departe froÌ„ the said enterpryse that it shal be done wyth a comon accorde not otherwise Suche were the articles of the sayed treatie After the whiche Tyssaphernes vsed diligence to cause the ships to come froÌ„ Phenice and to accomplishe all the other thinges which he had promysed and he shewed himself moreouer much affectioned vnto the enterprise About the ende of the wynter the Beotians did take the towne of Orope with the garnison of AtheniaÌ„s that were within yt that by the treatie of those of the towne also of some of the Erethriens hoping afterwardes to cause the towne of Eubee to rebell For the same towne of Orope being in the lande of Erythree which those Athenians did holde it coulde not be but that the losse therof shulde tourne to their greate domage aswell to the cytie of Erythree as to al the Isle of Eubee After the same the Erythreens sent to the Peloponesians that were at Rhodes for to cause theÌ„