adorn'd with Meadows Corn-Fields and Groves which afford a delightful Prospect The Principal Towns are these 1. Chichester a City well Inhabited having very fair and regular Buildings the Streets crossing one another exactly in the middle in which is erected a fair Stone Market-place supported with Pillars round about it hath a very stately Cathedral the Bishop's See is kept here 't is encompass'd almost round with the Lavant which falls not far off into the Sea it was Built by Cissa King of the South-Saxons A. C. 514. 2. Arundel a good frequented Market-Town memorable for a magnificent strong Castle Built near it belonging to the Earl of Arundel 3. Lewis a fair Town seated upon a rising Ground which for its greatness and multitude of Inhabitants is reputed one of the Chiefest Towns in all this County famous it is for the bloody Battel between King Henry the IIId and his unruly Barons An. 1263. in which the King lost the day upon Prince Edward his Son 's pursuing a Troop of the Enemy too far which he had first routed by his Valour 4. Hastings one of the Cinque-Ports the Landing-place of the Normans famous for the overthrow of King Harold in the Fields adjoining 't is Inhabited by a War-like People who are Skilful Sailors 't is well stor'd with Barks it serving both the Country and London in Fish which they have here in great Plenty 5. Winchelsey 't is situated on an high Hill very steep on that side which looketh towards the Sea it was enclos'd with a Rampier and afterwards with very strong Walls but it no sooner began to flourish but it was unfortunately Sack'd by the French and Spaniards it beareth now only the countenance of a fair Town it having lost its chiefest Beauty upon the Seas leaving it 6. Rhye it lay for a good while unknown in former Ages but upon the decay of Winchelsey it began to flourish it was Wall'd about by King Edward the IIId and had then a very commodious Haven it being an usual passage from hence to Normandy it is now in a manner deserted by the Sea yet notwithstanding it hath very many Fishing Vessels so that it serveth London with variety of Fish Thus far Sussex which together with Surrey was the Habitation of the Regni in the time of the Brittains and was afterwards the Kingdom of the South-Saxons but in the 306th Year after the beginning of it it came under the Dominion of the West-Saxons Kent Cangi IN Latin Cantium 't is bounded on the North by Essex on the East by the Channel it hath Sussex on the South and Surrey on the West to confine upon it 't is every where full of Meadows Pastures and Corn-Fields abounding wonderfully in Apple-Trees and Cherry-Trees which being brought out of Corasus a City of Tontus by Lucullus into Italy in the 608th Year after the Building of Rome and the 120th Year after that translated from thence into Brittain which was 24 Years ante Christum The Principal Towns are these 1. Deptford a Town where the King's Ships are usually Built and such as are decay'd Repair'd there is also a Storehouse and College erected here for the use of the Navy 't is remarkable for the Monument of Sir Francis Drake's Ship which by the Command of Queen Elizabeth was drawn on shore in this place the Carkass of it is yet to be seen 2. Greenwich a very beautiful Town but especially in respect of the King's House which Humphrey Duke of Glocester Built and nam'd Placence 't is likewise particularly famous for the Birth of Queen Elizabeth 3. Eltham a fair well Built Town formerly the retiring place of the Kings of Kent 4. Sevenoke in this place Sir William Sevenoke an Alderman of London being a Foundling and brought up here and therefore so namâ—d built in grateful remembrance an Hospital and School he liv'd in the Reign of King Henry the Vth. 5. Dartford a large great Market-Town well frequented and well Watered here King Edward the IIId Built a Nunnery which King Henry the VIIIth converted into a House for himself and his Successors 6. Gravesend a Town as well known as any in England for the usual passage by Water between it and London King Henry the VIIIth when he Fortified the Sea-Coast rais'd two Platforms here and two other on the side of Essex opposite to it 7. Tunbridge a Town well Inhabited famous in old time for a fair large Castle fenc'd with a River and deep Ditches which Richard Lord of Briony Built there the very Ruins of it at this time manifestly declare the greatness of it 8. Maidstone the largest and most beautiful Town in all this Shire most commodiously seated for publick Business one of the two common Prisons of all this County is appointed here its Inhabitants are particularly noted for their Manufacture in Thread 9. Rochester a City seated on the River Medway but of no greatness in former times called Durobrivis but afterwards Roffa 't is honoured with a Bishop's See and is the Second City for Antiquity in all this Island 10. Chetham the Station of the Royal Navy where our Kings have always one ready for any Service whatever it was Built with exceeding great Cost by the Command of Queen Elizabeth who for the defence thereof raised a Castelet by the River side Our Ships in this place to the dishonour of our Nation were burnt by the Dutch A. C. 1667. 11. Queensborough a Port-Town well Inhabited it hath Westward in the Front a very fine strong Castle Built by Edward the IIId 12. Feversham a Town very commodiously situated the most plentiful part of all this Country lying round about it it hath a little Creek sit for bringing in and exporting Commodities so that at this day it flourisheth among the neighbouring Towns 13. Canterbury an ancient City famous in the time of the Romans 't is neither very great nor very small it has little or nothing in it worth Observation besides the Cathedral famous it is in regard of St. Augustine its first Archbishop who is here Interr'd 14. Isle of Tanet a very pleasant fruitful place its Inhabitants are very Industrious getting their Living both by Sea and Land they being both Fishermen and Plowmen Husbandmen and Mariners they are always ready appointed for both Elements they in a manner going round and keeping a circle in these their Labours 15. Sandwich one of the Cinque-Ports 't is on the North and West sides Fortified with walls and on the other parts fenc'd with a Rampier River and Ditch The Haven upon the account of the Sands choaking it and a Ship of Burthen's being accidentally sunk in the Channel is not deep enough for any Tall Vessels 16. Sandon Deal Walmer Three neighbouring Castles Built by King Henry VIII 't is generally reported that Julius Caesar Landed first at this place 17. Dover 't is seated on the Sea-shore where the passage is shortest into France for that cause Fortified with a strong and impregnable Castle
Pembrokeshire Cardiganshire Montgomeryshire Merionethshire Carnarvonshire Isle of Anglesey Denbighshire Flintshire Yorkshire Bishop of Durham Lancashire Westmorland Cumberland Northumberland Cornwall Danmonii IN Latin Cornubia it lieth most Westward of all Brittain and shooteth into the Sea with little Promontories in manner of an Horn it hath on the North side the Severn Sea on the West the Vergivian or Western Ocean on the South the Brittish Channel and on the East Devonshire Both which Counties were in ancient time Inhabited by the Danmonii which Name is thought to have been given them from the Mines of Tin which abound in this Place The Principal Towns are these 1. Pensance a very pretty Market-Town near which is that famous Ambrose Stone which being a great Rock is advanced upon some other of a lesser size with so equal a Counterpoise that a Child may stir it with a push of a Finger yet a great number of Men are not able to remove it from its place 2. Falmouth an Haven as noble as Brundusium its self in Italy 't is able to receive an Hundred Ships so apart from each other that neither can see the others Masts 't is defended from the violence of the Wind by the many rising Banks with which it is enclos'd 't is fortified on the East with the Castle of St. Maudit and on the West with the Fort Pendinas 3. Foy a Town renown'd in former Ages for the many Sea Engagements which have been fought near it 't is pleasantly seated on the Banks of the River which bears its Name near the Haven it hath several Bulwarks rais'd for its defence by Edward the IVth A. D. 1460. 4. Padstow the Situation of this Town is very commodious for Traffick with Ireland to which Men may easily Sail from hence in 24 Hours 5. Launston a proper little Town Situate upon the pitch of an Hill remarkable upon the account of the Common Goal of the Country and the Assizes being kept there 6. Bodman a Town of great resort Situate between two Hills and lying out in length East and West its Inhabitants Populous Beautiful in its Buildings famous in ancient times for the Bishops See being kept there which in the Danish Wars was remov'd to St. Germans 7. Leskerd a Town seated on the top of a very high Hill much frequented for its Market and renown'd for an ancient Castle which stands there Devonshire IN Latin Davonia it hath Cornwall on the West on the South the Brittish Channel on the East it is bounded with Dorsetshire and Somersetshire and on the North with the Severn Sea it is a Country enrich'd with very good Mines especially towards the West it hath commodious Harbours on both sides of it it is adorn'd with pleasant Meadows and great store of Woods and is throughout replenished with fair Towns and beautiful Buildings The Principal Towns are these 1. Plimouth a Port Town seated near the Rivers Plime and Tamar which meeting near this place fall together into the Ocean of so great a repute that for the number of its Inhabitants it may be compared with a City such is the commodiousness of the Haven that it admitteth into its bosome the greatest Ships without striking Sail before the midst of its mouth lieth the Isle of St. Nicholas Fortified both by Art and Nature the Haven hath likewise Fortifications on each side and is Chained over when there is an occasion upon an Hill near adjoining it hath a fair Castle for its defence the Town is divided into Four Wards over which a Mayor was ordain'd by King Henry the VIth An. Dom. 1430. 2. Dartmouth a Port Town seated on an Hill near the River Dartmore it hath two Castles for its defence and by reason of its commodious Haven is much frequented by Merchants and furnished with very good Shipping It hath oftentimes bravely defended it self against the French but especially in the Reign of Henry the IVth An. Dom. 1404. 3. Torbay a safe Road and Harbour for Ships near it is a little Village called by its Name 4. Exeter Exonia Isca a City of great Traffick much frequented by Merchants situated on the East Bank of the River Ex upon a little Hill gently arising by an easy ascent to a pretty heighth the Pendant whereof lyeth East and West 't is environ'd about with Ditches and very strong Walls having many Turrets orderly interposed 't is in Circuit a Mile and an half having Suburbs running out a great way on each side it containeth 15 Parishes hath a Castle called Rugemont the Seat of the West-Saxon Kings and afterwards of the Earl of Cornwall which at this day is commendable for little else but its Antiquity and Situation 't is beautified with a stately Cathedral founded in the Reign of Henry the 1st An. Dom. 1110. it hath been thrice Besieg'd but hath always bravely defended its self First by Hugh Courtney Earl of Devonshire in the Civil War between the Houses of York and Lancaster then by Perkin Warbeck that Young imaginary pretended Prince who feign'd himself to be Richard Duke of York Second Son to Edward the IVth Thirdly by seditious Rebels of Cornwal An. Dom. 1549. at which time the Citizens endured so great a Famine that for Twelve Days together they were forced to Eat Horses and to make Bread of coarse Bran moulded in Cloaths till they were at length reliev'd by my Lord Russel and Gray who forced the Rebels to raise the Siege upon which King Edward the VIth for a reward of their Loyalty gave the Mannor of Evyland to this City the Civil Government of which is in the Power of Twenty four Persons out of whom there is from Year to Year a Mayor Elected who with Four Bailiffs has the sole Command of the City 5. Bediford a Town of good resort famous for a Stone Bridge with Arch'd Work where it windeth its self into the River Taw. 6. Axminster a Town renown'd in ancient History for the Tombs of the Saxon Princes slain in the Battel of Brunabrug Dorsetshire Durotriges THE Latin Name Dorcestria it is bounded on the North with Somersetshire and Wiltshire on the West with Devonshire and some part of Somersetshire on the South it lieth open for 50 Miles to the Brittish Ocean On the East it hath Hampshire The Soil of this Country is very fruitful the North part is overspread with Woods and Forests and from thence adorn'd with an innumerable many pleasant Pastures and fruitful Vallies The Principal Towns are these 1. Burport a little Town plac'd between two small Rivers remarkable for its yielding the best Hemp and for the skill of the Inhabitants in making Ropes and Cables for Ships those of the Navy being formerly twisted there 2. Weymouth a little Town join'd to Kings-Melcomb by a Bridge famous in regard of its Haven it is grown of late much greater than it formerly was by Sea-Adventures 3. Dorchester Durnovaria the Head Town of the whole Shire yet it is neither great nor beautiful
Swore in a set form of Oath made for that purpose immediately to depart from England 4. Trubridge a fair Market-Town of great repute for the great number of Clothiers which Inhabit it it sheweth the remains of a Castle belonging to the Dutchy of Lancashire 5. Werminster a Town very remarkable for a great Corn Market which is kept Weekly here and exceedingly much frequented it being almost incredible to relate what great numbers of people resort to it 6. Wilton formerly the head Town of the whole Shire 't is a place well watered but is now fallen to decay through the Bishop of Salisbury's turning away the passage that lay through it into the West Country 7. Salisbury Sorbiodunum or Sarum a City well Inhabited seated on the River Avon which watereth every Street of it 't is plentiful in all things but especially in Fish 't is adorned with a very stately Market-place wherein standeth their Common-Hall made of Timber a very Beautiful Building It is particularly famous for its Minster which has Three hundred sixty five Windows Twelve Gates and as many great and small Pillars as there are Hours in a Year nor is its Cloyster for largeness or Workmanship inferior to any in England 8. Marlborough a fair large Town pleasantly situated and well frequented in this Town King Henry the IIId held a Parliament N. B. Toward the North about 6 Miles from Salisbury is to be seen an huge and monstrous piece of work Insana Substructio for in the circuit of a Ditch there are erected in form of a Crown in three ranks one within another certain large mighty unwrought Stones whereof some are Twenty eight foot high and Seven broad which are so artificially or rather wonderfully plac'd one upon another that the whole frame seemeth to hang 't is much wonder'd at both from whence they were brought the Country affording none such as also by what means they were set up Some have thought them to be no Natural Stones but Artificially made of pure Sand and of some unctious matter incorporated together Pliny tells us that the Sand of Putcoli covered over with Water becometh forthwith a very Stone which if true our Conjecture is the more probable it seeming to confirm what Historians tell us That they were erected by the Britans in Memory of Ambrosius Aurelianus who was Slain here by the Saxons as he was Fighting manfully for the Defence of his Country Hampshire IN Latin Hamptonia is bounded on the West with Dorsetshire and Wiltshire on the South with the Brittish Channel on the East it hath Sussex and Surrey and on the North Barkshire 'T is a small Province fruitful in Corn furnished with well grown Woods abounding with Pasture and for Sea Commodities rich and happy The Principal Towns are these 1. Ringwood a Town in ancient times of great Fame but now little better than other good frequented Market-Towns 2. Christ-Church a Town so named from a Church therein Dedicated to Christ 't is seated between two Rivers it was Fortified in old time with a Castle and Beautified with an ancient Church and Twelve Prebendaries endowed with considerable Rents and Revenues which continued in great repute till the time of King Henry the VIIIth 3. Southampton a Town so named from its situation 't is situated in a very commodious place between two Rivers for a great number of fair Built Houses much renown'd for Inhabitants and concourse of Merchants Wealthy fenced round with a double Ditch strong Walls and Turrets standing thick between for the defence of the Haven it hath a strong Castle of square Stone cast up upon a Mount of great heighth several of the Roman Emperors Coins are now and then digged up here which sufficiently shew the Antiiquity of this place Memorable it is for that Canutus the Puissant King of England and of Denmark rebuked a Sycophant in this Town who flattered him That all things in the Realm were at his Command He ordered his Chair to be set upon the Shore when the Sea began to flow and then in the presence of many he said unto the Sea as it flowed Thou are part of my Dominions and the ground on which I sit is mine neither was there ever any that durst Disobey my Commands and escape Unpunished wherefore I charge thee that thou come not upon my Land neither wet the Cloaths and Body of thy Lord but the Sea flowing on still without any Reverence of his Person wet his Feet then he retiring back said Let all the Inhabitants of the World know That vain and frivolous is the Power of Kings and that none is worthy of so sacred a Name but He to whose Command the Heaven Earth and Sea by bond of an everlasting Law are Subject and Obedient after which he never put his Crown upon his head 4. Alrefford a fair Town standing on the bank of the River Alre it hath a very spacious Market-place built by Lucy Bishop of Winchester An. Dom. 1220. 5. Winchester Wintonia formerly the Seat-Royal of the Kings of the West-Saxons a City adorn'd with several Magnificent Churches as also with a Bishop's See it hath been oftentimes defaced both by Fire and other Misfortunes but it seems now perfectly to have recovered its self Edward the IIId appointed in this place a Mart for Wool and Cloth which was generally called the Staple it is well Peopled hath plenty of Water and containeth about a Mile and an half in Circuit within the Walls as concerning the round Table in the Hall of this City vainly fancied by some to have been King Arthur's any man that vieweth it well may easily perceive that it is not so ancient This City slourished in the time of the Romans in which the Emperors of Rome seem to have had their Houses of Weaving and Embroidering peculiar to their own Persons and Uses 6. Portsmouth a Port Town strongly Fortified both with a Wall and Block-Houses a Garison being continually kept in Pay for the defence of it 't is situated on the very mouth of the Haven and is always but especially in time of War well frequented as being more favourable and better affected to Mars and Neptune than to Mercury 7. Basingstoak a Market-Town well frequented situated on the descent of an Hill on the North side of which standeth a very fair Chappel Consecrated to the Holy Ghost by William the first Lord Sands who was Buried there Isle of Wight VEcta Insula it belongeth to and is opposite to Southampton from East to West it stretcheth out near 20 Miles in length and spreadeth in the midst where it is broadest 12 Miles the place of greatest repute is 1. Newport the chief Market-Town of the whole Isle it hath several Castles and Block-houses for its defence Barkshire Attrebates IN Latin Barcheria on the North part 't is sever'd from Oxfordshire and afterwards from Buckinghamshire by the River Isis on the South it beareth towards Hampshire where the River Kenet cutteth through it till it runs
very bountiful especially towards the North that being Watered by the River The Principal Towns are these 1. Bedford a Town more famous for its Antiquity than for its Beauty it having sustain'd great damages both in the Wars between King Stephen and Maud the Emperess as well as in the unhappy Dissentions between King John and his unruly Barons the River Ouse divides it into two parts but it is join'd together by a Stone Bridge 2. Dunstable a Town seated in a Chalky Ground well Inhabited and full of Inns it hath Tour Streets answering to the Four parts of the World in every one of which is a Pond of standing Water for the use of the Inhabitants Hertfordshire HErtfordia hath on the West Bedfordshire and Buckinghamshire on the South Middlesex on the East Essex and on the North Cambridgeshire The Air is sweet and healthful being seated in a Climate neither too Hot nor too Cold the Soil is pleasant and delightful yielding abundance of Corn Cattel Wood and Grass being destitute of nothing which either affords Profit or Pleasure to Mankind which are more augmented by the many Rivers which arise in it and run through it The Principal Towns are these 1. Royston a Town of late days very famous and much frequented for Malt as also for a Corn-Market which is Weekly held there 2. Hatfield a fair large Town in the upper part of which stands a pleasant Seat belonging to the Earl of Salisbury 3. Hertford it was formerly the Principal Town of the whole Shire but is now fallen to decay 4. Ware a pleasant Town well Water'd and much frequented famous in old time for a Tournament instituted there by the Earl of Pembroke who was unfortunately kill'd by a fall from his Horse They were first instituted A. C. 934. and grew not out of use till the happy days of King James the First 5. Bishop-Stortford a large well frequented Town fenc'd in old times by a Castle 6. St. Albans the Verulamium of the Romans a very ancient Town and well Peopled some old Coins are here oftentimes digged up which are thought by some to be Stamp'd before the coming in of the Romans Near this place Ostorius the Emperor Claudius's Lieutenant is thought to have subdued the Valiant Briton Caractacus Famous it is likewise for Two Memorable Battels Fought between the House of York and Lancaster first Richard Duke of York Anno 1455. gave the Lancastrians a great overthrow took King Henry the VIth Prisoner and slew a great many Honourable Persons Four Years after the Lancastrians under the Conduct of Queen Margaret won the Field put the House of York to Flight and restor'd the King to his former Liberty 7. Barnet a fair Market-Town famous for a great Beast-Market kept there but more renown'd it is for a memorable Battel Fought April the 14th An. 1471. between the Houses of York and Lancaster wherein the Victory happily fell to King Edward the IVth Richard Nevill the great Earl of Warwick being there slain Middlesex Trinobantes MIddlesexia 't is sever'd from Buckinghamshire on the West by the River 〈◊〉 on the North from Hertfordshire by a known crooked Limit from Essex on the East by the River Lea and from Surrey and Kent on the South by the Thames 'T is seated in a pleasant Vale having some Hills around it of a good ascent from whose tops the prospect of the whole is seen like to Zoar in Egypt or rather like a Paradise and Garden of God The Principal Towns are these 1. Uxbridge a Town of late Years very full of Inns and pleasantly situated 2. Stanes a fair beautiful Town near which the Baronage of England assembled together in great Numbers to exact their Liberties of King John A. C. 1215. 3. Hampton-Court a Royal Palace of the Kings of admirable Magnificence Built by Cardinal Wolsey it was enlarg'd and finish'd by King Henry the VIIIth it containeth within it Five Inner Courts 4. Fulham a Town particularly famous for the Palace of the Bishop of London 5. Chelsey a Town of very fair Buildings but chiefly remarkable on the account of the College Erected for the Maintenance of ancient Soldiers it was finished in the Reign of the late King James 6. LONDON the Seat of our Brittish Empire and the Chiefest for Traffick in the World Seated in an excellent Air upon the River Thames its Buildings are Fair and Stately the Streets Spacious it has scarcely any Rival in Europe famous it is for its Magnificent Cathedral thought to be in former times the Temple of Diana but it is now Consecrated to St. Paul London-Stone is thought to have been fix'd for a Mile-Mark such as was in the Market-place of Rome from which was taken the dimension of all Journeys every way 't is thought to be plac'd in the midst of the City LONDON was formerly Wall'd about by Constantine the Great at the request of his Mother Helena but at this time its chief Strength consists not so much in its Wall as in the great Number of its Inhabitant 7. Westminster is a City of its self and has its peculiar Magistrates and Privileges it was formerly more than a Mile distant from London but it is now join'd close to it famous it is for the Abbey the Hall of Justice and the King 's Royal Palace In the place where the Abbey now stand there was formerly a Temple Consecrated to Apollo out of the Ruins of which this present Abbey was Built by King Edward the Third a Work that cost Fifty Years Labour in Building Which Church the Abbots afterwards very much enlarg'd towards the West end and King Henry the Seventh adjoin'd thereto at the East end a Chappel of admirable Elegancy wherein is to be seen his own most stately Monument of solid and massy Copper Essex ESSEXIA on the North the River Stour divideth it from Suffolk on the East it has the Ocean on the South the Thames separateth it from Kent on the West the Lea divideth it from Middlesex and the Stour from Hertfordshire The Air is temperate and pleasant but towards the Waters somewhat Aguish the Soil is rich and fruitful being in some parts so very fertile that after Three Years Glebe of Saffron the Land for Eighteen more will yield plenty of Barley without either Dunging or Manuring the Earth The Principal Towns are these 1. Leyton a fair beautiful Market-Town 2. Chelmsford a fair large Town thought to be the old Canonium of the Romans 't is situated in the midst of the Shire between two Rivers which join themselves together near this place the Assizes of the County are kept here 3. Maldon an ancient Town called formerly Camolodunum famous for Bonduca or Boadicias Victory over the Romons 70000 being slain in this place its Antiquity is apparent from the Coins Helmets and Bones which were dug up in the Reign of Queen Elizabeth to which we may apapply these Verses of Virgil Geor. Lib. 1. 493. Scilicet tempus veniet cum
sinibus illis Agricola incurvo terram molitus aratro Exesa inveniet Scabrâ rubigine pila Aut gravibus rassris galeas pulsabit manes Grandiaque essossis mirabitus ossa Sepulchris 4. Colchester a proper fair Town pleasantly seated it is Wall'd about and Beautified with 15 Churches the ancient Coins daily dug out here do shew that it flourished in the time of the Romans The Trade of the Inhabitants consists chiefly in making of Cloth and Bays with other sort of Stuff 5. Harwich a Port-Town not very great but well Peopled Fortified both by Art and Nature 't is Memorable for a Battle at Sea fought between the English and Danes An. Christ 884. 6. Saffron-Walden a fair Market-Town famous for the great Quantity of Saffron which grows there which Commodity was at first brought into England in the Reign of Edward the IIId Suffolk Iceni SUffolcia hath on the West Cambridge on the South the Stour divideth it from Essex on the East it hath the German Sea and on the North Norfolk The Air of this place is thought by some Physicians to be the very best in the whole Island the Soil is fruitful and replenished with all things The Principal Towns are these 1. Bury a very fair beautiful Town remarkable for an Abbey Built by Canutus to Expiate the Sacrilegious Impiety of his Father Suenus against this Church it appears still beautiful even in its very Ruins Near this place was fought a great Battel between Robert Bossu Earl of Leicester and King Henry the IId the Victory falling to the King's Party A. C. 1173. 2. Sudbury formerly the chief Town of this Shire 't is Populous and Wealthy the Inhabitants making great advantages by Clothing 3. Ipswich the principal Town of this Shire well Peopled beautiful in its Buildings has 14 Churches and a very commodious Haven 't is fenc'd with a Rampier it was Sack'd by the Danes An. 991. and again in the Year 1000 yet it perfectly recovered its former Beauty and was the finest Town in England had a very noble Harbour which was most convenient for the Northern and Eastern parts of the World in this state it continued till through the severe Injunctions of Bishop Laud in the Reign of King Charles the First concerning matters in Religion several Thousands of Families were frighted out of Norfolk and Suffolk into New-England Norfolk NOrfolcia it is bounded on the East and North by the German Ocean on the West the Ouse divideth it from Cambridge on the South it confineth upon Suffolk The Air is sharp and piercing especially in the Champion and near the Sea upon which account the Spring and Harvest is not so soon here as in other Countries 't is a Champion Country large and spacious abounding with Rivers pleasant Springs good Corn and Pasture The Principal Towns are these 1. Thetford a large Market-Town but thinly Inhabited in times past it was very Populous and besides other tokens of Antiquity it hath still to be seen a great Mount fenc'd with a double Rampier and Fortified in ancient times with Walls it was formerly the Seat of the Kings of the East-Angles and known to the Romans by the Name of Sitomagus 2. Norwich a famous City pleasantly situated on the River Yare which runs thence to Yarmouth lying out in length from South to North a Mile and an half and in breadth about half so much it drawing in it self by little and little at the South end in manner of a Cone in that Circuit it comprehendeth about Thirty Parishes well Walled about with many Turrets and Twelve Gates but it hath in it much waste ground the City suffering great loss both in Wealth and Buildings by Ket's Rebellion in the time of King Edward the Sixth it hath recovered its first blow by the Dutch Manufactures but of the last it still languisheth though at this present it glories in the Beauties of a fair Cathedral the Three Palaces of the Bishops the Dukes of Norfolk and the Earls of Surrey and the ruins of an ancient Castle of the Saxons Building 3. Yarmouth a Port-Town having a very convenient Haven 't is beautifully Built and strongly fenc'd both by Art and Nature 't is almost encompassed with Water on the West side with a River that hath a Draw-bridge over it on the other parts with the Ocean unless Northward where it is firm Land it is defended by a strong Wall which together with the River make a square Form of Four sides somewhat long upon the Wall towards the East a great Mount is cast up on which are planted several pieces of Ordinance 4. Lynn a large Town encompass'd with a deep Trench and Walls for the most part 't is divided by Two small Rivers which have Fifteen Bridges over them 't is of no great Antiquity yet by reason of its Havens Buildings and Merchants 't is the Second Principal Town of this Shire Cambridgeshire CAntabrigia on the East it lieth on Norfolk and Suffolk on the South on Essex and Hertfordshire on the West on Bedford and Huntingtonshire 't is divided into two parts by the River Ouse or Cam. This Province is not so large as some others nor the Air so temperate and pleasant it being infected by the Fens the North part is for the most part Fenny and surcharg'd with Waters but the South is Champion yielding Corn in abundance The Principal Towns are these 1. Cambridge a Town particularly famous for its University which as it is reported was first begun and Founded by Cantaber a Spaniard 375 Years ante Christum as also that Sigebert or Sebert King of the East-Angles restor'd it again An. Dom. 630. Being drstroyed afterwards by the Danes it was for a long time of no account until it reviv'd under the Normans Government at this day it hath Sixteen stately Colleges and Halls which for Buildings Beauty Endowments and Number of Students are so replenished that Oxford excepted the like is hardly to be found in Europe 2. Ely a City not so great as ancient situate in the Isle so nam'd occasioned by the divided Streams of Ner and Ouse with the overflowings of other Rivers turning a great part of this Tract into Fenns and Marshes remarkable for little else but its Cathedral which was erected An. Dom. 1110. in the 10th Year of King Henry the First Huntingtonshire IN Latin Huntingtonia is bounded on the South by Bedfordshire on the West and North by Northamptonshire and on the East by Cambridgeshire The Soil is fruitful yielding Corn in great abundance towards the East where it is Fenny it is very rich and plentiful for the Feeding of Cattel in all the other parts 't is extreamly pleasant on the account of the Woods and Groves with which it aboundeth The Principal Towns are these 1. St. Neets a Market Town so named of one Neutus a Learned and Holy Man who Travelled all his Life-time in Propagating Christianity his Body was translated from Neotstock in Cornwall to this place 2.
of Winchester 6. Lincoln a place in former days of great Strength and Note being one of the best Peopled Cities in all the Saxon Heptarchy and of great Merchandise and Trassick both by Sea and Land it had formerly Fifty Churches but is now much decay'd it having suffered much damage in the Wars of King Stephen and of Henry the IIId with his Barons as also both by Fire and Earthquakes the chief Fame it now hath is for its Minster one of the stateliest Piles in England and perhaps in Christendom high seated on an Hill and from thence discern'd over all the Country The City is seated on the side of an Hill where the River Witham bendeth his course Eastward famous it is in respect that Vortimer the Warlike Briton who often discomfited the Saxon Armies ended his days and was here contrary to his Commandment Buried 7. Wainfleet a Town deservedly remarkable in that it Bred William Wainfleet Bishop of Winchester the Founder of Maudlin College in Oxford Nottinghamshire IN Latin Nottingamia hath on the East Lincolnshire on the North Yorkshire on the West Derbyshire and on the South side Leicestershire The Air is pleasant and healthful the Soil rich and clayey and for Corn and Grass so fruitful that it claims the second place before any other in the Realm The Principal Towns are these 1. Stoke a little Village famous for the Victory obtain'd by King Henry the VIIth against Sir John de la Pool Earl of Lincoln who being by King Richard the IIId declared Heir apparent to the Crown Rebelliously opposed himself against his Sovereign and in this place sighting Manfully both he and most of his Followers lost their lives 2. Nottingham a fair Town seated on the Trent but very high upon an Hill which overlooks it for Buildings fair Streets and a spacious Market-place not giving way to many Cities but of most fame for a Royal and magnificent Castle which for Strength Stateliness and Prospect may justly challenge the Precedency of most in England it is mounted upon an huge steep work on the West side of the City it was Built by William the Conqueror to bridle the English David the IId King of Scots and Roger Mortimer Earl of March were detain'd a long time Prisoners in this Castle Memorable it is for that King Charles the I st first set up his Standard in this place occasion'd on the unhappy Differences between him and his Parliament August 22. 1642. 3. Southwell it is adorn'd with a very beautiful Church Consecrated to the Virgin Mary 't is a Town not very fair to outward view but strong ancient and of great fame the Archbishop of York has a stately Palace in this place Derbyshire IN Latin Darbia hath on the East Nottinghamshire on the South Leicestershire on the West Steffordshire and on the North-side Yorkshire it resembles the Form of a Triangle but not with equal sides The Air is good and healthful and the Soil rich and fertile especially in the South and East Parts The Principal Towns are these 1. Derby a fair Town well traded and resorted situated on the River Darwent which on the East side of it affords to the Eye a pleasant and delightful Prospect running down and carrying a full and chearful Stream under a beautiful Stone-Bridge upon which formerly a fair Chappel was Erected which is now gone to decay it is adorn'd with Five Churches the greatest of which named Alhallows and Dedicated to the Memory of All Saints is peculiarly remarkable for its lofty Spire and the Tomb of the Countess of Shrewsbury 2. Peak so called from its Hills and Mountains from this place we have our Lead and Milstones and the Apothecaries their Antimony 3. Buxton a Town memorable for Nine Water-springs which arise out of a Rock within the compass of Eight Yards Eight of them are Warm but the Ninth is very Cold these run under a very fair square Building of Free-stone and about Sixty Paces off receive another Hot Spring from a Well inclos'd with Four flat Stones called St. Anns near unto which another very Cold Spring bubbles up The Inhabitants report that great Cures have been effected by these Waters and daily experience sheweth that they are good for the Stomach and Sinews and very pleasant to Bathe the Body in The Town is lately adorn'd with very beautiful Buildings Having now Describ'd the Regions of the Coritani we will next survey the Provinces of the Cornavii who if we may believe Ptolomy seem to have Possessed Warwickshire Worcestershire Staffordshire Shropshire and Cheshire Warwickshire Cornavii IN Latin Warwicus hath on the East Northamptonshire and Leicestershire on the South Oxfordshire and Glocestershire on the West Worcestershire and on the North Staffordshire It s Air and Soil are equally desirable the Air is extreamly healthful and the Soil in the South part yieldeth such a plentiful Harvest that the Husbandman smiles to behold his pains so well rewarded The Principal Towns are these 1. Warwick this Town was the ancient Praeciduum of the Romans it standeth on the River Avon upon a steep and high Rock and all the Passages to it are wrought out of the very stone it is yet apparent that it was formerly Fortified with a Wall and Ditches towards the South-West it sheweth a Castle strongly Fortified both by Art and Nature 't was in a good state upon the entrance of the Normans but hath lately suffered much by Fire 2. Henly a pretty Market-Town which had formerly a Castle adjoining to it belonging to the Family of the Montforts 3. Killingworth a beautiful strong Castle encompassed with Parks given by Queen Elizabeth to Robert Dudley Earl of Leicester 4. Bremicham a Town full of Inhabitants resounding always with Hammers and Anvils they being most of them Smiths 5. Coventry a City so called from an old Convent and Religious House which gave Name to it beautified it is with a well-Built Wall large Streets handsome Houses and two fair Churches Dedicated to the Holy Trinity and St. Michael it was formerly the only Mart and City of Trade in all these Parts notwithstanding that it is destitute of all the advantages which a Navigable River might afford it 6. Edgehill a small Village famous for the Battel fought between the Forces of King Charles the I st and those of the Parliament in which both sides claim'd the Victory Worcestershire IN Latin Wigornia hath on the East Warwickshire on the South Glocestershire on the West Herefordshire and Shropshire and on the North Staffordshire The Air of this Shire is temperate and the Soil fertile abounding with Corn Woods Pasture and every thing that is necessary for the Life of Man The Principal Towns are these 1. Kidderminster a fair Town hath a great Market it is well frequented divided into two parts by the River Stour it is adorn'd with a very beautiful Church 2. Worcester the principal City of this Shire it being truly admirable both in respect of its Antiquity and Beauty
Huntington the principal Town of all this Country 't is seated on the River Ouse somewhat high stretching its self out in length Northward it is adorn'd with Four Churches and by the River near unto the Bridge the Mount and Plot of an ancient Castle is yet to be seen 3. Godmanchester a very great ancient Country Town situate in an open ground of a light Mould and bending to the Sun 't is reported in former times that the Inhabitants received King James the First in his Progress this way with a Hundred and eighty Plows brought forth in a Rustical kind of Triumph 4. St. Ives a fair Town so named from Ivo a Persian Bishop who about the Year 600 Travelled through England Preach'd diligently the Word of God especially to this Town wherein he Died. 5. Kimbolton a fair beautiful Castle formerly the seat of the Mandevils but now in Possession of the Staffords Northamptonshire Coritani IN Latin Northamptonia 't is situated in the very midst of England on the East 't is bounded by Bedford and Huntingtonshire on the South by Buckingham and Oxfordshire on the West it hath Warwickshire and on the North Rutland and Lincolnshire The Air is temperate and healthful the Soil rich and fruitful and so plenteously Peopled that from some ascents you may see 30 Churches at the same time The Prinicipal Towns are these 1. Northampton a fair beautiful Town Built for the most part of Stone 't is Wall'd about except on the West where it is defended with a River from the Walls you have a goodly prospect every way to a wide and spacious plain Country it was Fortified heretofore with a very strong Castle and seated in so excellent an Air that once the Students of Cambridge purposed to remove the University to this place famous it is for a Battel fought between the House of York and Lancaster in which the House of York prevailing King Henry the VIth was taken Prisoner and conveyed to London 2. Peterborough a City seated in the very Angle of this Shire famous in old time for a Monastery which is since converted into a Cathedral the Building of which is truly Magnificent the Forefront carrieth a majesty with it and the Cloysters are exceeding large in the Glass Windows is represented the History of Wolpher the Founder who being most averse from Christianity Murther'd Wolphald and Rufin his own Sons because they had Devoted themselves to Christ In the Cathedral lieth Buried Catherine the Repudiated Queen of King Henry the VIIIth Mary Queen of Scots was also at first Buried here but was afterwards removed to Westminster by the Command of King James the Ist 3. Rockingham Castle it was Built by William the Conqueror Fortified with a Rampier and Bulwarks and a double range of Battlements 't is situate on the side of an Hill within a Forest Leicestershire IN Latin Leicestria is bounded on the East by Lincolnshire and Rutlandshire on the North by Nottinghamshire and Darbyshire it hath Warwickshire on the West and on the South Northamptonshire The Air is gentle mild and temperate giving Appetite both to Rest and Labour the Commodities of the Soil are Corn Cattel and Coals of which the Inhabitants have great plenty The Principal Towns are these 1. Bosworth an ancient Market-Town memorable for the Victory which Henry Earl of Richmond who was afterwards Henry the VIIth obtained over the Usurper Richard the IIId the Tyrant and most of his Commanders being there slain 2. Leicester a fair Town beautiful in its Buildings and of great Antiquity 't was fenc'd with a very strong Wall which was raz'd in the Reign of Henry the IId it has in it a stately Church and Hospital Built by Henry the First Duke of Lancaster 3. Loughborough a fair beautiful Town which for its Buildings and pleasant Woods challengeth the second place in all this Shire 4. Dunnington a fair ancient Castle Built by the Earls of Leicester it belongs now to the King Rutlandshire IN Latin Rutlandia 't is environ'd with Leicestershire unless it be on the South where it lieth on the River Welland and on the East where it toucheth on Lincolnshire the Air is both healthful and delightful subject neither to extremity of Heat or Cold the Soil is so rich that for Corn and Tillage this small County giveth place to none The Principal Town is Okcham a Town remarkable only for the Ruins of an old decayed Castle Built in the Normans time formerly the Seat of the Ferrers but afterwards it was given by Henry the VIIIth to Thomas Cromwell whom he advanced to the highest Dignities Lincolnshire IN Latin Lincolnia is bounded on the West by Rutlandshire and Nottinghamshire on the North it reacheth to Humber an arm of the Sea on the East it hath the German Ocean and on the South it is divided from Northamptonshire by the River Wellâ—nd The Air upon the East and South part is thick and foggy by reason of the Fenns but in other places very moderate and pleasing the Soil upon the West and North is very Fertile but towards the East and South Fenny Brakish and Barren yet for Fowl and Fish it exceeds any other in the Realm The Principal Towns are these 1. Crowland a Town of good Note it stands amidst most deep Fenns and muddy Waters it is so shut up and divided round about from all entrance that there is no access unto it unless it be on the North-East side and that by narrow Cawseys 't is seated altogether like Venice it hath three Streets divided from each other by Water-courses between planted thick with Willows and raised upon Posts pitch'd and driven down into the standing Waters having over them a Triangular Bridge of admirable Workmanship about the Town the ground is so rotten and moorish that a Man may thrust a Pole directly down Thirty Foot deep however the Town is well Inhabited the Inhabitants making great advantages by taking Fish and catching of Water-Fowl which is so great in the Month of August that they will spread a Net and at once draw Three thousand Wild Ducks together 2. Spalding a Town situate upon the same River being enclosed round with Riverets and Drains yet is infinitely a fairer Town than a Man could possibly expect to find among such Slabs and Water-plashes 3. Boston a famous Town standing on both sides the River Witham 't is well frequented upon the account of its commodious Haven the Market-place is fair and large the Church great and beautiful the Steeple of it rising up to a mighty heighth doth as it were salute all Travellers and give direction to the Sailors a Staple of Wool is settled here which enriches it very much 4. Stanford a Town well Peopled of good resort Endowed with several immunities it was formerly Wall'd about but is at this day beautified with Seven Churches and a very fair Hospital 5. Grantham a Town well frequented adorn'd with a very fair Church and a Free School Built by Richard Fox Bishop
term'd The West Riding The East Riding The North Riding West-Riding IS compass'd by the River Ouse with the bound of Lancashire and South limits of the Shire and beareth towards the West and South The Principal Towns are these 1. Sheffield a Town of great repute both for its Inhabitants who are generally Smiths as well as for the many Iron Mines which are found thereabouts 't is Fortified with a strong and ancient Castle 2. Halyfax a famous Town lying from West to East upon the steep descent of an Hill it is not many Years since it took this Name it being formerly called Horton is is so very populous that it is thought to have 12000 Inhabitants 3. Wakefield a great Market-Town well frequented its Buildings are very beautiful famous it is for its Inhabitants getting great store of Wealth by making Cloth nor is it less remarkable for its Bridge upon which King Edward the Fourth erected a beautiful Chappel in memory of those who lost their Lives in Battel his own Father being slain in the Field by those that sided with the House of Lancaster 4. Leeds formerly a House of the Kings but now grown to be a populous rich Town by reason of Clothing 5. Towton a little Country Village which may not be unfitly termed England's Pharsalia famous it is for the Battel between the Houses of York and Lancaster where the Lancastrians received so terrible an overthrow that they left more than 30000 dead upon the place 6. York the second City of England the fairest in all this County it being a singular safeguard and Ornament to all the Northern parts a pleasant place large and stately well fortified and beautifully adorn'd as well with private as publick Buildings rich populous and to its greater dignity it hath a stately Cathedral consecrated to St. Peter and an Archiepiscopal See which beside Twelve Bishopricks in England exercised formerly the Power of a Primate over all the Bishops of Scotland but it hath now but Four within its Diocese viz. the Bishoprick of Durham of Carlisle of Chester and of the Isle of Man Memorable it is for the Death of Severus the Emperor and of Constantine the Father of Constantine the Great East-Riding ON the North and West side 't is bounded with the River Darwent on the South with the Salt Water of Humber and on the East with the German Ocean The Principal Towns are these 1. Beverly a great Town very populous and full of Trade so named from John de Beverly Archbishop of York a Godly and Learned Man who after he had given over his Bishoprick as weary of this World came hither and ended his Life in Contemplation An. Dom. 721. 2. Hull a Town Founded by King Edward the First which by little and little hath rose to that Dignity that for stately and sumptuous Buildings for strong Blockhouses for well-furnished Ships for store of Merchants and abundance of all things it is become now the most famous Town in all these parts the Inhabitants make a great Trade of Island Fish dried and hardened which they term Stock-Fish whereby they gather a mass of Riches 3. Patrington a Town pleasantly seated having a most delightful Prospect on one side lieth the main Sea on the other the Humber and over-against it the fresh and green Borders of Lincolnshire The Inhabitants glory much on the account of their Antiquity and the commodiousness of their Haven North-Riding OR the North part of this County stretcheth it self Westward 60 Miles together even as far as to Westmorland 't is limited on the one side with Darwent and for a while with the River Ure on the other side with the River Tees running all along by it which on the North Coast separateth it from the Bishoprick of Durham The Principal Towns are these 1. Pickering a large Town belonging to the Dutchy of Lancaster situate upon an Hill and defended by an old Castle to which a great number of small Villages lying round about do appertain 2. Scarborough-Castle is seâ—â—ed on a Rock of a wonderful heighth and bigness which by reason of steep Cliffs is almost inaccessible on every side it was at first Built by William le Grosse Earl of Albermarle which being in process of time fallen down it was afterwards Rebuilt by King Henry the Second here the Hollanders Fish for Herrings demanding first License of the Lord of the Castle 3. Rhidal a pleasant beautiful Market-Town adorn'd with Twenty three Parish-Churches through the midst whereof runneth the River Rhy 4. Malton a large Market-Town well frequented for Corn Horses Fish and Implements of Husbandry here are to be seen the Foundations of an old Castle belonging to the Family of the Vescys 5. Richmond a fair beautiful Town seated on the River Swall it seems to have been formerly Fortified with a Wall whose Gates yet stand in the midst of the Town so that the Suburbs are extended far without the same it is indifferently populous and well frequented the People are most employed in Knitting of Stockings wherewith even the Decrepit and Children get their own Livings Durham IN Latin Dunelmus is bounded on the North by Northumberland on the West where it is more narrow by Westmorland and Cumberland on the South it hath Yorkshire and on the East the German Ocean The Air is sharp and piercing and would be more violent were it not for the Vapours of the German Sea which dissolving the Ice and Snow make the Air more mild and temperate As for the Soil the East part is by far the richest The Principal Towns are these 1. Hartlepool a very large Town of good resort it has a very safe and convenient Harbour for Shipping 2. Durham a noble City seated on high and shap'd in form of an Egg environ'd on all sides but on the North with the River Were 't is Fortified with a Wall its Buildings are beautiful but especially its Cathedral which standing on the South side where the River windeth its self about maketh a solemn and gallant show having an high Tower in the midst anâ— two Spires at the West end Famous it is likewise for its Castle which standeth between two stone Bridges over the River as also for its spacious Market-place and for St. Nicholas's Church which is a beautiful Fabrick Near unto this City at Nevils Cross a sore Battel was Fought between the English and Scots wherein David Bruce King of Scotland with many of his Nobility were taken Prisoners by Queen Philippa Wife to that glorious Prince King Edward the Third who in Person was present in the Field Lancashire IN Latin Lancastria is enclos'd between Yorkshire on the East side and the Irish Sea on the West on the South side where it boundeth on Cheshire it is broader and by degrees the more Northward it goeth where it confineth on Westmorland it is narrower The Air is subtle and piercing not troubled with gross Vapours but the Soil for the most part is lean and barren yet it
Castle of the Kings which in the Reign of King Henry the Sixth was repaired out of the Ruins of a Roman Fort 't is adorn'd with a fair Church and a beautiful Market-place 6. Carlisle a City commodiously and pleasantly seated 't is guarded on the North with the Channel of Eden on the East with Deterill on the West with Caud besides these natural Fences 't is Fortified with strong Walls of Stone with a Castle and Cittadel in fashion it lieth out somewhat long running out from West to East on the West side standeth the Castle repair'd by King Richard the Third in the midst of the City standeth the Cathedral Church the upper-part of which being the newer is very artificially and curiously wrought but the nether part is much more ancient That this City flourished in the times of the Romans divers tokens of Antiquity now and then digged up there and the famous mention of it in those days do sufficiently prove The Picts Wall THrough the higher part of Cumberland shooteth that famous Wall which was the limit of the Roman Province for when the Romans had enlarg'd their Empire even so far beyond their Wishes that the unwieldiness thereof began to be of its self fearfully suspected the Emperors thought it the safest way to limit the same with certain bounds In this Islaâ—d therefore the Romans when they perceived that the further parts of Brittain lying Northward were Cold of a rough and barren Soil and Inhabited by the Caledonians Britons and barbarous Nations in subduing which they were sure to take much pains and reap very small Profit built at several times divers Fences as well to bound as to defend the Province the first Wall or Fence is thought to have been raised by Julius Agricola it being made of Turfs between Edenborough and Dunbritton Frith the second Fence was by the River Tine where a Stone Wall Fight Foot broad and Twelve Foot high was Built being an Hundred Miles long reaching from the German Sea to the Irish Ocean It was begun by the command of Adrian the Emperor and was finished by Severus who hereupon was stiled Britannicus Some report that this Wall was only of Turfs and that the Stone Wall was erected afterwards by the Romans when they left Brittain Lollius Urbicus Lieutenant of Brittain under the Emperor Antoninus Pius enlarged the bounds again as far as to the first Frontier Fence that was raised by Agricola The first that was ever blamed for neglecting these limits was Constantine the Great for he it was that was the first and principal cause that the state of the Empire ran to ruin however this admirable work could not divert the tempestuous storms of Foregin Enemies for when the Romans retired out of Brittain the Picts and Scots aâ—â—â—ulting the Wall broke down the Fences with their Engines and over-ran Brittain being then disarm'd and shaken with Civil Broils and most miserably afflicted with extream Famine Northumberland Ottadini IN Latin Northumbria it lieth enclosed in fashion of a Triangle but not with equal sides the South side is shut in with Darwent running into Tine and with the River Tine its self where it confineth on the Bishoprick of Durham the German Sea beateth on the East side on the West it hath Cumberland on the North it fronteth Scotland with the River Tweed which was the ancient limit of both Kingdoms The Air must needs be subtle and piercing these Northern parts being very much exposed to extremity of Weather The Soil is neither rich nor fruitful it having neither fertility of ground for Corn or Cattel the most part of it being rough and in every place hard to be Manured The Principal Towns are these 1. Newcastle the Principal Town in all these parts ennobled by a notable Haven which the River Tine makes it being of that depth that it beareth very Tall Ships and so defendeth them that they can neither be easily toss'd with Tempestâ— nor driven upon the Shelves and Rocks 't is situate on the rising of an 〈◊〉 very uneven on the North bank of the River which hath a fair Bridge over it on the left hand standeth the Castle and on the right the Market-place and the better part of the Town it was Built by Robert the Son of William the Conqueror and named by him Newcastle the Buildings are beautiful it is adorn'd with Five Churches the Inhabitants are extream Wealthy partly by intercourse of Traffick with the Germans and partly by carrying out Seacoals both into Foreign Countries and also into other parts of England it was Fortified with very strong 〈◊〉 having Eight Gates in the Reign of King Edward the First Before the Conquest it was called Monkchester it having been in possession of the Monks and Chester being added which signifying a Bulwark or place of defence Shews that in ancient time it had been a place of Fortification It was taken by the Scots An. 1642. who enter'd England in an Hostile manner under pretence of delivering a Petition to King Charles the First 2. Tinmouth a very ancient and strong Castle on the East and Northside 't is impossible to be enter'd by reason of a mighty high Rock hanging over the Sea and in other places such is the heighth of it that it needs but small defence 3. Morpeth a famous little Town situate on the North bank of the River Wentsbeck on the South bank standeth the Church and the Castle by it all beset with Trees this Town An. Dom. 1215. was set on Fire by its own Inhabitants out of spite and malice to King John Near this place was Born John Duns called Scotus because he was descended of Scottish Blood who being brought up in Merton College in Oxford became wonderfully Learned in Logick and in the intricate Divinity of those times yet as one still doubtful and unresolv'd he overcast the truth of Religion with mists of obscurity and with so profound and admirable Subtilty he wrote many Books in a dark and rude Stile that he deserved the title of the Subtle Doctor and after his own Name he erected a new Sect of Scolists but he Died pitifully for being taken with an Apoplexy and over-hastily Buried for Dead whilst upon the return of Life Nature was about to discuss the violence of the Disease he endeavouring in vain by a lamentable noise to call for help after he had a long time knock'd his Head against the Gravestone he dash'd out his own Brains and at last yielded up his vital Breath 4. Barwick the utmost Town in England and the strongest Hold in all Brittain 't is situated between two most mighty Kingdoms as Pliny has reported of Palmyra in Syria it was the first thing always that both Nations took care of whenever they were at discord it having had different fortunes being one time under the power of the Scots and another time of the English Our Kings have oftentimes Fortified and Fenc'd it with new Works but especially Queen Elizabeth who enclos'd