the Archduke Philippe his Sonne in law beeing dead cardinall Adrian was chosen for a time to be Gouernor and Viceroy of Spaine in the name of Prince Charles who was soone after Emperour In the end on the sixth day of Ianuary in the yeare of our Lord 1522. hee was chosen Pope the newes whereof being carried him into Spaine hee made no shew of ioye beeing anoynted hee would not change his name as others did hee liued but twentie monethes and some daies after in continuall trouble of minde and griefe Amongst all his Epitaphes this agrees best with him Hadrianus sextus hic situs est qui nihil sibi infelicius in vita duxit quam quod imperaret Heere lies Adrian the sixth who thought nothing had happened vnto him more vnfortunate in all his life then that hee had commanded Hee caused a goodly house to bee built in Vtrecht the place of his birth which they call at this day the lodging of Pope Adrian In this cittie resides a Prouinciall councell to the which all the appeales of the towne country and Siegniory of Vtrecht do resort In which councell there is a president and nine councellors a receiuer of the Prouince Registers and other Officers This Siegneury was greater in the time of King Dagobert who ioyned the temporalty to the spiritualty giuing it to Saint Willebrord who was an English man borne and the first bishop to whome succeeded Boniface in whose times this cittie was in great reputation hauing the title and dignitie of Archbishop but Boniface hauing beene martired by the Frisons this preheminence and authority was with the consent of the chapter then much afflicted by the Danes and Normans confersed to the bishops of Cologne who haue euer since retayned this dignity notwithstanding Pepin and Charlemayne Kings of France restored this cittie who not onely established the Episcopall dignitie but to the end the bishoppe might defend himselfe from his aduersary hee did so augment his iurisdiction as his Siegneury did extend it selfe in a manner ouer all the country of the Battauians And although the Frisons Danes and Nortmans did spoyle and burne it often yet they did soone recouer their former estate and gather new forces To confirme that which wee haue sayd it shall not bee from the purpose to insert here some Latin verses though ill pollished sauoring of the harshnesse of the stile in those daies the which were written in two great tables of wood hung vpon two pillers before the Quier of the sayd cathedrall church written in great Letters halfe worne out by continuance of time those of the right side were Circumquaque fluens Hollandia gurgite Rheni cingitur Oceano fluminibusque maris In qua cum muris vrbs Antonina nouellis tempore Neronis aedificata fuit Hanc deuastauit fera Slauica gens et ibidem castrum Wiltorum conditur inde novum Turribus excelsis quod adhuc plebs Abroditorum funditur euertens dirruit vsque Solum Hinc Traiectense castrum cum maentbus altis conditur a Francis Christicolis sed idem Vulgus Danorum confregit humo tenùs omnes cum clero ciues insimul ense necans Denique Baldricus Praesul noua maenia struxit quae modo subsistunt auxiliante Deo Sic Hollandensi terrae veraciter omni Traiectum constat vrbs capitalis adhuc The famous Rhine through Hollands bosome glides and with the sea enguirts it on all sides Here Vtrecht stands first built as authors say in Neroes time and called Antonia These walles the Slauons raz'd vpon repaire of which the name of Wiltenburch it bare Then came the Abrodites a nation wood and leuell'd it euen with the place it stood In place whereof the christian Frankeners came and built a fort cal'd Vtrecht but the same Was by the Danes made a rude heape of stones and they that held it slanghtered all at ones stand yet But bishop Baldrick since repaired it and rais'd those walls which God bee thankt And thus remaines it Vtrecht still of all the land of Holland first and principall On the second piller on the left hand hung these verses Tempore Francorum Dagoberti regis in isto presenti fundo conditus ecce decens Primitus Ecclaesia Sancti Thomae prope castrum Traiectum quam gens Frisica fregit atrox Sed prior Antistes Dominus c. This church which men S. Thomas-his do call vpon this plot was founded first of all When Dagobert rul'd France nere to the towne of Vtrecht the fierce Frisons raz'd it downe But the first prelat Lord. c. The rest of these verses were so worne as it was not possible to read them WYCK-TER-DVYRSTED IT appeeres by the ancient Histories that this towne of Wyck-ter-Duyrsted hath in ancient time beene a great and spatious towne in the which they write were 32. parish churches It was before this towne that the Rhine was dambde vp and forced some 8â—0 yeares since to leaue his right course and to cast it selfe into the Lecke as we haue shewed before But they set not downe the cause why they cut it off in this place and made it take the course it now holds The which happened for that when as the winde was at the Norwest and blew hard the riuer of Rhine being driuen backe and not able to passe out by his gulfe at Catwyck into the British sea was forced to disperce it selfe ouer all the conntries of Holland Vtrecht and the Betuve which is of the Dutchy of Geldres The which happened often whereby they sustained great losses wherfore the Estates of these 3. Prouinces assembling together they consulted how they might preueÌ„t it in the end resolued to turne the Rhine from his right course which was to the Norwest and to giue it an other which shold fall crokedly into the sea as it doth at this present for the effecting wherof they dambd it vp drawing it by little little into the Lecke which is nere vnto it making high bancks of either side so as in succession of time it is become a good nauigable riuer falling into the Meuse beneath Dordrecht and so enters into the Ocean sea before Bryele This towne of Wyck is verie ancient Whereon Cornelius Tacitus a Knight and Romaine Historiographer makes honorable mention calling it Batauodurum It was ruined by the Danes and Normans but afterwards built againe yet nothing so bigge as at the first notwithstanding it hath alwaies beene as it is at this present for the commoditie of the situation a good and a ritch towne hauing a verie strong castle whereas the Princes Bishoppes of Vtrecht did for a long time keepe their court when as they would lie in the lower diocese as they did at the castle of Vollenhof Gheelmuyden in Oueryssel a league from Campen when as they kept in the higher Diocese This town had in former times a priuat Lord who was also Siegnior of Abcoude But the bishops of Vtrecht would neuer be quiet vntill they had gotten it this
Armie hauing serued Alexander the great in his conquest of Asia and the Indies who placed them in garrison in the Emodian Mountaines But the Indiens after the death of Alexondar beeing perswaded by Sandrocotus to rebell Friso with his two bretheren and all their friendes imbarked in three hundred ships in the yeare of the creation 3642. before the Natiuity of Christ three hundred twenty one so put to sea sailing from one country to another seeking some new dwelling but they wandred vp and down eight yeares and could not bee receiued In the end of so many ships whether that the Seas had swallowed them vp or spoyled with age or otherwise lost there were but fifty foure which arriued at a safe Port wherof eighteen landed in Prussia twelue in Russia and twenty foure in the which were Friso and his bretheren entered by the Flye about Autome into these quarters of Frisland without any let or opposition of the Suedens who at that time for feare of tempests and Inondations where retyred into the highest part of the country Hauing taken land they presently built a Temple to Iupiter which in their language the called Stauo and there they built a towne which of the name of their God they called Stauora which is now the towne of Staueren standing vpon the Frisons sea the which they fortified wherby they defended themselues not only against the Suedens but also against the Danes Brittons and others getting their liuing as well of pyracie at sea as by tilling of the ground vntill the people beeing multiplied and questions growing daily among them by reason of the straitnes of their country which was not sufficient to feed al their cattel Prince Friso fearing that this coÌ„tention of the Commons he being the elder of his brethren might breed some dislike betwixt them three propounded a meanes to maintain loue amity betwixt them who hauing imparted it vnto the people this was found the most expedient That Bruno and Saxo with their families leauing this part of Frisland should seeke forth some new habitations neere vnto it as well for themselues as for their successors So as beeing neighbours one vnto an other they might not onely entertain themselues in the Discilpine and Institution of their Ancestors but also succor one another with their common forces against all incursions of their enemies So three hundred years before CHRIST Saxo and Bruno parted from Staueren and passing by the Flye they sayled towardes the East vntill they came to Haldrâ—cht or Saxony neere vnto the Germaine Sea whereas entring into the gulph of Albis they landed by little and litttle and hauing chased away the Inhabitants by force they wonne a great country Bruno for that hee would not discontent his brother went towards the West by the Visurge or Wezer where hee founded a Cittie of his owne name called Brunswick VVhat this word of Wick signifies wee haue shewed before the which although it hath beene often destroyed built againe and augmented yet when as the posterity of Bruno came once to faile it hath alwaies retained the title of a free towne So as in the time of Charlemaign it was wholy destroyed but in the yeare eight hundred sixtie one it was re-edified againe by Bruno Duke of Saxony sonne to Ludoph wherof I thought good to make mention for that Albert Crantz doth maintaine that the towne of Brunswick was first founded by this Bruno sonne to Ludolph Touching the gests of Bruno and Saxo and of their successors Saxons and Brunswickains wee will leaue them to such as haue written the histories of Saxony and Brunswick and will onely speake of our Friso who beeing the first Prince of the Frisons after the departure of his Bretheren retained al Frisland for his inheritance the which did extend it selfe along the North-sea coast from the riuers of Flye and Ems or Ameris on the West side on the riuer of Zidore to the East which is the length and breadth from the North and the Brittish sea vnto the Battauians or Hollanders and to the Sicambrians which are the Geldrois on the South side Al which country Bruno diuided into seauen parts according to the number of his sonnes which he called Zeelandts for that they are all vppon the sea most part Ilands or Peninsules ioined to the continent his sons were Adel his eldest and the second Prince of Frisland Witto Hetto Hayo Scholto Gailo Aesgo to whom he gaue by his Testament certain precepts of that which they should do or not do to entertaine amity and correspondency with their neighbour Princes he him-self left vnto his sons their portions in writing and also a certain treaty of allyance which he made with the Princes of Germany who by a coÌ„mon Accord and consent made him and his successors Gardiens of the North sea to defend the whole country from the Inondation of the sea as also of the publike waies against robbers and theeues to that end that Marchants might passe and trafficke freely vnto the Rhyne and in this respect he was allowed to take customes imposts of marchaÌ„dise at diuers passages he had also an Immunity of Armes granted him which was a priuiledge whereby neither he nor his were bound to go to the war when as the other Princes and Prouinces went to defend the liberty of Germany The Frisons had many other good priuiledges of their liberty freedome the which were giuen them by Cesar Augustus Charlemaigne and other Emperors and ratified by Charles the fift which they haue alwaies maintained These seuen parts of Frisland called ZeelaÌ„dts were diuided compast in by certaine riuers wherof betwixt Eldere and Flye were fiue that is Lanwer Eems Wezer Elbe and Iadua Betwixt the Flye and Eems there were three of these Zeelandts very wel peopled vpoÌ„ the South side for that the North part was not habitable by reason of the lakes moors bogs which were inaccessible for want of banks to defend them from the Inondation of the sea wherfore the places most frequeÌ„ted were that of Staueren the seauen forests Steenwick Twent Drent a part of the Territory of Groning Benthem and Oldenburch all which lay togither vpon the maine land All which vntil Charlemaignes time was called High Frisland as it may appeare by the writing of some Saints which haue preacht the Word of God there But 120. years before CHRIST Friso the yong whom they also cal Frisius son to Grunnius who was founder of Groning son to Gaylo the son of Hago the 4. sonne of Friso the first Prince of the Frisons made a new Collony of Frisons not far from the rest hauing had to wife the daughter of Vbbo third Prince of Frisons who was named Frou which signifies Lady by which name Oppianus saith the Emperor Seuerus wife was called This Friso obtained from his father and father in law a troupe of men with the which hee past the Flye on the VVest part into an emptie Iland where hee stayed
yeelded vnto him with all the artillery and munition the souldiers being about 1100. and some 400. out of Creuecaeur remained in the Princes seruice who afterwards at the battaile of Nieuport shewed themselues both valiant and faithfull And so this Fort of Saint Andrew hath vnto this day remained vnder the obedience of the vnited Estates Culembourg ALthough this towne be a fee of Gueldres yet there is a question made whether it bee of that territory It is scituaed vpon the left banke of the riuer of Lecke a league from Buren two leagues from Vianen on the same side of the riuer It hath a goodly castle whereas the Lord doth ordinarily reside and a large iurisdiction wherevpon King Philippe the second erected it to an Earldome whereof Florent of Palant was the first Earle besides many other great possessions which hee enioyed whereof his sonne is now Lord and Earle Battenbourg ALthough this towne at this present ruined and the castle bee within the limmits of the Duchy of Geldres seated vpon the banke of the riuer of Meuse whereby the Barron of that place makes a great reuenew of the toule and custome which is paied by all the ships that passe that way yet the said signeury is merely held of the Empire as William of Bronchurst did take it vppe of Maximilliam the Emperour His Sonne succeeded him and dying without heires Maximillian of Bronckhurst his cousin Germaine did inherit and is now Lord of it This place is of very great antiquity The Chronicles of Holland affirme that it was the first Castle which Prince Battus of whome Batauia or Holland tooke his name did build vppon the Meuze in the Countie of Sicambrians which now is Gelders Buren THis Towne is neither a fee nor of the territory of Gelders but a little country of it selfe which holdes of the Empire carrying the title of an Earle with great Iurisdiction a large territory and many Villages and yet shut vp in the lymits of the Duchy of Gelders This place is seated neere vnto the riuer of Lingen vppon a little Brooke which in old time was called the ditch for muscles a league from Tyl it is not very bigge but hath a very strong Castle ioyning vnto it where there is an ordinary garrison for the vnited Estates That valiant and famous Prince Maximilian of Egmont was Earle of this place who for his great seruices done vnto the Emperor Charles the fift whereof diuers histories make mention left his memory immortail to posterity Dying at Brussels in the yeare one thousand four hundred nine to whom succeeded his only daughter the sole heire by her mother of the house of Lannoy Who was the first wife of William of Nassau Prince of Orange by whom she left a son and a daughter that is Philip William of Nassau now Prince of Orange Earle of Buren Seignior of Lannoy c. And the Lady Mary of Nassau widdow to Cont Philip of Hohenlo This may suffice for the description of the Townes and cheefe Forts comprehended in the Estate of the Dutchy of Gelders The people of this Prouince are valiant and warlike from whence they were wont to draw a good part of them at Armes and Archers of the bandes of Ordinance of the Low-countries These were the last among the Belgick Gaules that submitted them-selues to the yoake of the Romane Empire the first when this Monarchy began to decline that freed them-selues from their subiection Afterwards they were made subiect to the French yet imbracing the occasion when it it was offered they did shake of this yoak and began to be gouerned by priuat Lords of the country it selfe the which hapned in the time of the Emperour Chalres the bald King of France Which Lords were simply called Tutors ot Aduocats of the country The which according o their vertues and merits were chosen created by the people the first of which was Wrinchard as we haue shewed before to whome succeeded his sonne Gerlach in the yeare 910. so as there were seauen Lords or Feofes successiuely issued from this familie the last whereof was also called Winchard who left but one daughter called Aleyd or Alix maryed to Otto Earle of Nassau who was the first which carryed the title of the Earle of Gelders giuen him by the Emperor Henry the third in the yeare 1079. But the sayd Aleyd beeing dead hee marryed with the daughter of Gerlach Earle of Zutphen who was slaine in a battaile giuen betwixt Conrard Bishop of Vtrecht and Thiery the sixt Earle of Holland Where-vppon as wee haue sayd the Earldome of Zutphen was also vnited vnto the Duchy of Gelders Otto left these Earles after him Gerrard Henry Gerrard Otto the second surnamed the stump-foot It was he which did purchase the Seigneury of Nymeghen as wee haue sayd before which hee did wall in with diuers others which were but Burroughs as Ruremond Arnhem Harderwicke Bommel and Wageninghen all in the Prouince of Gelders and aboue it Goch in the country of Cleues to the which he gaue goodly priuiledges as to great Citties To this Otto succeeded his sonne Renald and to him a sonne of his owne name who obtained in the yeare 1329. the dignity and title of Duke of the Emperour Lewis of Bauaria in an imperiall Dyet held at Francfort As in like manner the Countie of Iuilliers was by him erected into a Dutchy After this Reginold the second Geldres was gouerned by Arnold Edward his two sons but not without great contentions Both of them dying Arnold left two daughters of diuers beddes Ioane and Isabell who continued the diuision which had beene betwixt their Father and Vncle but Isabell dying without children Ioane remained sole and peaceable Dutchesse to whom succeeded William her sonne who was the fourth duke of Geldres but dying without heires Reynold his brother the fourth Duke of Iuilliers succeeded him and was the fift Duke of Geldres who dying without issue male the succession went to his only daughter married to Arnold of Egmond issued from a daughter of the first Duke of Geldres by which meanes the sayd Arnold came vnto the principality whose Sonne called Adolphe who is numbred for the seauenth Duke repyning that his Father liued so long by the perswasion of his own Mother caused him to bee seazed on in a night and to bee put in prison in the castle of Buren where hee detained him many yeares Pope Paul the second and the Emperour Frederick the third not able to suffer so great an impiety gaue authority to Charles the Warlicke Duke of Bourgongne to free this miserable Father by force of armes out of the hands and tyranie of his sonne The which Adolph vnderstanding and seeing that the Pope and Emperor did imbrace the cause and that he was not able to resist Duke Charles his forces he drew his father out of prison and hauing obtayned a pasport from the Duke he came vnto him with his father to Dourlans in Picardy
excellent Poesie as appeareth by the Lawrel crowne that the Emperor Maximillian the first sent him by his orator Stephanus of Crocouia It was he that first controlled Gerard of Nymegen in his booke that he writt of the true situation of Batauia or Holland betweene the Hornes of the Rhine which the said Gerard of Nymegen would haue attributed to the Betuwe a part of Gelderland wherein the said Aurelius liuely expresses the honor of the Hollanders who in his youth was brought vp by that so much renowned Erasmus of Rotterdam being begotten at Goude but by remooue of dwelling borne and brought vp at Rotterdam There are many other learned famous persons sprung from this towne too long here to rehearse of whom Iustus Lypsius Ianus Gruterus and Dominicus Baudius of Lille in Flanders haue amply written in their workes Notwithstanding that throughout all the townes of the Netherlands many bloody decrees haue beene executed for religion on both parts yet they of this towne haue bin so moderate euen to great Papists their neighbors and in their power that in a hundreth years more there haue bin but three executed vpon those placarts or decrees whereof one was an Anabaptist who being secretly aduertised by the Magistrat that he should retire himselfe yet hee came and rendred himselfe into the hands of the officer whereby it may appeare that they of Goude haue euer detested tyrannie and persecution beleeuing that it belongs onely to God to command the conscience ENCHVYSEN THis towne of Enchuysen hath taken name from the fewnesse of houses it had at the first being by little and little become a great towne as is to be seene at this day this word Enckle huysen signifying little â—r simple houses It is a faire towne and by the naturall situation very strong opposed to the rigor of the sea standing vpon a corner of the land their traffique by sea makes them riche and opulent it is for the most part built of faire masonrie hauing very few houses of wood for feare of fire which they haue once or twice before had experience of for you may read in the Annales of Holland that in the yeare of our Lord 1297. the Lords of Arkell Putten burnt it all and yet within twenty yeares after it was made greater by the halfe for all the salt pitts that were along the sea banke and the marishes behind are now within the walls with many faire gardens fish-ponds There are two passages out to sea and three hauens at one of the which entrances there is a great tower wherevpon is engrauen a Lattin distique made by D' Adrianus Iunius vpon the attempt that Charles the last Duke of Gelders made for the surprize of it that he might get an entrance into Holland it expresses the time of the attempt and is this EnChVsaM InsIdIIs taCitIs sVh noCte sILentI Obâ—Vere adnI Xa est Ge LrICa perfIdIa The trecheroVs GeLDrols soVght by Violent Might T' haVe tane EnchVIsen through the Vayle of n Ight. This town is rich in salt pits the InhabitaÌ„ts fetching grosse salt from Brouage by Rochel or in Spaine and some-times from the salt Ilands where they haue it for nothing and after boile it again and refine it multiplying it with sea-water brought them in boates taking the heate away making it white fit for the table their are as sufficient store of sluces in this town and about it for the passage of sea-water as in France or Spaine but the sharpnesse of the sunne is not of that force to congeale and harden it as in other places heretofore they made great aboundance of salt of the ashes of turues sea-water after the manner of making of salt-peeter at this day which they call Silt-sout whereof they make a great traffick but since that they haue traded to Spaine and France from thence brought in their great shippes what quantity the will this maner of making it is come to nothing it beeing vnpossible that that which they made in diuerse places should be so good as that which is made of the pure sea-water This towne may very fitly be called Neptunes seate for that their ships passe all the seas of the world and haue had the honor to carry and bring backe the Emperor in diuerse of his expeditions and likewise sundry times King Philip his sonne and since â—nne of Austria his wife the daughter of the Emperor Maximillian the second They carry in their armes three herrings argent and two stars or in a field Azure as a fatall and certaine Augure presaging that after the manner of herrings they should cut through all seas and trade to the one and other pole which at this time they doe In this towne dwelt Doctor Paludanus an exquisite Phisition and great gatherer together of strange and rare antiquities to such an Infinite number that they could hardly bee seene peece by peece in three daies the maruelous workes of nature as well proceeding from the land as the sea and the secret workes of God being therein to bee contemplated admired but I vnderstand since a great part of them haue bin sould to the Lantgraue of Hessen HORNE ABout the yeare 1316. in the time of Count William the third of that name called the good Earle of Holland Zeeland Henault and West-freezeland this towne tooke his little beginning in this manner When the towne of Veronne neere Alckmar was destroyed by the Frisons there was a great sluce in the ditch where at this day the market place of the sayd towne stands which was called Roestein by the which the country people entred into the sea with their barkes It happened that three brothers cittizens of Hambourgh came and went thither with shippes laden with beere who caused three high houses of stone to be built there for the Frisons for the Danes came thither ordinarily with oxen kine horses and other marchandise passing the sea with their little ships from the Cimbrique Chersonesus or the country of Holstein so that from time to time by little and little it began to augment in buildings first became a village afterwardes a towne and at last a good city one of these three houses remained entire 220. years after vntill the yeare 1430. The other two beeing ruined were built againe but not with so great stones as this third There is some diuersity of opinion about the etymology of the name of Horne which signifies as well a hunters horne as otherwise some say it is of the hauen of the towne that turnes in forme of a little horne others say that this same place was full of bogges where now the ditches and walls of the towne are and that there grew there certaine plants in great quantity in forme of a horne the which beeing cut either aboue or below one might winde as of a cornet The streete of the said towne that is called the New Dam where the woodmongers and shoomakers dwell and where the turue boats