lib. 21. cap. 8. This Ceremony the Romans used to put the Woman in remembrance that she ought to preserve what she then covered the blushes of a Bride Verse 251. Manilia A subtle Curtesan that being accused to the Senate by Hostilius Mancinus then the Aediles Curulis for having by night wounded him with a stone appealed to the Tribunes and pleaded that Mancinus would violently have entred her house at an unseasonable hour but was beat back with stones no marvail my Author uses her name for a she-wrangler in the Law A. Gel. lib. 4. cap. 4. Verse 254. Celsus Junius Celsus a great Orator that writ seven Books of Rhetoricall institutions Verse 255. Tyrian Cassocks The Roman Fencers alwayes played their Prizes in their Endromides or short Coats this was the reason why the Retiarii were called Tunicati and no doubt but the Retiarius described Sat. 2. and 8. fought in a purple Cassock of the right Tyrian die he being a Noble-man descended from the Gracchi and Africani This fashion was followed by the wanton Roman Dames that likewise imitated the poorer sort of Fencers nointing themselves with their Ceromatick composition of oile and clay being exercised and trained as Tyrones or young Souldiers in the Campus Martius Verse 259. Florall Trumpets The Florall Games were celebrated in honour of Flora Goddess of Gardens and Medows upon the four last dayes of Aprill and the first of May Ovid. Fast. 5. Incipis Aprili transis in tempora Maii Alter te fugiens cum venit alter abit In Aprill thou begin'st and end'st in May As one comes tow'rds thee th' other runs away The Institution of this Feast was to pray that the earth might seasonably bring forth flowers and fruits but the Shew was of impudent Strumpets dancing naked through the streets to the sound of the Trumpet The Beasts hunted in these Games were Goats Hares and such milde creatures Hosp. de Orig. Fest. There also were shewed tame Elephants taught to walk upon the ropes Suet. in Gal. Verse 275. Great Lepidus M. Aemilius Lepidus the Censor that upon his death-bed enjoyned his Sons to cast a linnen Cloth over his body and so to carry it upon the Bed he died in to the Pile to be burned without imbalming Purples Trumpets waxen Images common Mourners or any other Funeral pomp at all Verse 276. Blind Metellus The Censor and Pontifex Maximus that lost his eyes with saving the Image of Minerva when her Temple was on fire See the Comment upon Sat. 13. Verse 276. Spend-thrift Fabius Sonne to Fabius Maximus in his youth he had consumed his Estate which surnamed him the Gulf or Spend-thrift but afterwards he grew to be a staid man and a great example of virtue in particular of Frugality and Abstinence Verse 279. Assylus A Gladiator or common Fencer Verse 292. We are dumb Juvenal would have his Tutor that incomparable Rhetorician Quintilian out of all the colours flowers or fallacies of his art to say something in excuse of a woman taken in the manner but all he can answer is for himself That he is dumb and his Oratory nonplust he cannot for shame be of Counsell or open his mouth in so plain a Case Then the Judge of manners the Censor Juvenal turns to the Woman and bids her speak in her own Cause She no sooner looks upon her Apron-strings but she justifies the act as grounded upon a Contract parole or Articles of Agreement before marriage wherein it was mutually covenanted consented and agreed by and between her and her Servant now her Husband that after the subsequent solemnization of their marriage it should be lawfull for them or either of them as if no such marriage had been solemnized severally and respectively to doe or act whatsoever should best please them or either of them and this whereof she is accused is her several and respective pleasure Can a Judge then have power to call her to an account for doing what she had liberty and right to doe Verse 299. Lerna Lerna or Lernes is a Lake neer Argos where Hercules ended one of his twelve labours by killing the Serpent Hydra whose heads still as he cut them off were multiplied This many-headed Monster had laid waste the whole Country of the Argives insomuch as it grew to a Proverb with the Greeks when one mischief came upon the neck of another to call their present condition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Lerna of evils Verse 309. Rhodes An Island in the Carpathian Sea where Homer was born so named from Rhodia one of Apollo's Mistresses Diodor. lib. 5. In this Isle was a Gymnasium or School of Asiatick eloquence and the Mathematicks so that when Aristippus the great Socratick Philosopher was shipwrackt upon the coast of Rhodes and found there some Geometricall Schemes he cried Cheerly my Mates I see the foot-steps of men Vitru lib. 7. Here stood one of the Wonders of the World that huge Collossus 70 cubits high built by the famous Statuary Cares from which some think the Inhabitants to have been called Colossians This Island held by the Knights of Rhodes was taken by Solyman the Magnificent in the year 1522. Verse 309. Malta Malta or Melita is an Isle lying neer to that part of Sicily which looks towards Africa Plin. lib. 3. cap 8. From hence came the breed of fine little Dogs that so please the great Ladies Strab. lib 6. This Island afforded very precious Roses and delicate soft Vests Cicer. and is now inhabited by the Knights of Rhodes called Knights of Malta Verse 309. Sybaris A Town of Magna Graecia seated between the Rivers Crathis and Sybaris Steph. It was built by the Trojans that after the sack of their City were driven upon the place by extremity of weather This Town was once so potent that it governed four great Countries subdued 25. Cities and armed 300000. men in their war against the Crotonians Strab. lib 6. But prosperity made them wanton no such Gluttons in the world witness the Proverb A Sybaritick Sow Verse 309. Tarentum A great City of Magna Graecia the founder of it was Tarentes Son to Neptune after whose time it was enlarged by the Lacedemonians that led by their General Phalantus took the place almost impregnable as lying between two Seas in the form of an oblong Isle and outed the Inhabitants Justin lib. 3. From this Spartan Colony descended those Tarentines that for a long time maintained a War with the Romans at last finding themselves over-matcht called in Pyrrhus K. of Epire to assist them Some say that Tarentum had the name from the Sabine word Tarentum signifying soft and the Tarentines were a very soft and effeminate People madly debauched and jeering all other Nations but a sad just Judgement fell upon them for when without any ground of quarrel they had surprized a City from their Neighbours the Japygians now Calabrians and for a whole day exposed the young men and Maids their Prisoners to the libidinous fury
he knew his blood was sought by him and alwayes carried a spunge in his pocket Plin. lib. 31. to wipe away his fury yet for his own part he meant no harm to the Follower himself only he desired to catch his Fish See Lipsius in Saturnal Juvenal Sat. 8. where he describes this Gracchus in the Lists not compelled by Nero to fight as a Gladiator but voluntarily after he had spent his fortunes selling his honor life and funerall to the Praetor being a man of mean birth in whose Shew this Lord fought for money in the presence of the greatest persons of Rome but none of them no not the Capitolini Marcelli c. so nobly born as himself Verse 176. Capitoline Race Capitoline was the Cognomen or Surname of the Manlian Family whose Founder Marcus Manlius for affecting the Sovereign power was adjudged to be cast down from the Tarpeian or Capitoline Rock Verse 177. Marcellus was the proper name of the gallant Roman that in a single combat killed the Generall of the Gauls took Syracusa in Sicily was five times Consul and at last circumvented by Hannibal in an ambush perished Verse 177. Catuli The honour of that name Qu. Luctatius Catulus in the first Punick war with three hundred saile of Romans cutting of provisions from six hundred Carthaginian Ships under their Admiral Amilcar and defeating their whole Fleet put an end to the war yet granted them at their humble suit peace upon these conditions That they should leave to the Romans Sicily and Sardinia with the rest of the Isles between Italy and Africa and withdraw their forces out of Spain that lies beyond Iberus Liv. Verse 177. Fabian name The Fabii were those noble and potent Romans that took upon themselves the war against the Vientes only drawing with them into the field their Clients and Slaves and having worsted the Enemy in many light skirmishes at last by a stratagem at the River Cremera they were all slain to a man Ovid lib. 2. Fast. yet this sad calamity one of the Fabian Family survived being left at Rome a Child from whom by a long series of descents came that Fabius Maximus created Dictator against Hannibal whose dilatory prudence restored Rome to her former greatness much impaired and almost quite lost by the temerity of other Generals Ennius Vnus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem One man by his demurres preserv'd our State Verse 178. Paulus Paulus Aemilius the Consul slain at the battel at Cannae in Apulia Verse 180. Not bating him The Praetor that hired the Gladiator Gracchus Verse 182. Stygian Sound The River Styx over which Charon with the Oare here mentioned rowed thousands of souls at a Fare Verse 184. Pay not for their bath No children at Rome were exempted from paying the Balneatick or Bath-farthing but only such Infants as were carried in their Nurses armes and it should seem that only such believed their Nurses that told them of Hell and Hobgoblins Verse 185. Camillus Was called a second Romulus as a new Founder of Rome after the Gauls were Masters of it ten years he held the Veians besieged and then took the Town by a Mine Soon after he was brought to his Trial by Apuleius Saturninus Tribune of the people for riding in Triumph with white horses and for an unequal distribution of the spoil being condemned he withdrew into Ardea but when the Gauls had possessed themselves of Rome and straightly besieged the Capitol he was in his absence chosen Dictator and collecting the scattered Romans surprized the Gauls that only busied their heads about weighing of Roman gold and so restored his Country to their Liberty After this when the people of Rome would needs transplant themselves to Veii he stayed them with a grave and eloquent Oration which you may read in Livy wherein you may see all the perfections and excellencies of the City of Rome The third time that he was made Dictator he preserved the City Satricum confederate with the people of Rome from the fury of the Latins The fourth time that he was chosen Dictator to pacifie a sedition of the people he excused himself for want of health and deputed another in his place The fifth time that he was Dictator the Gauls once again marching towards Rome and quartering their Army neer the River Aviene were utterly defeated by him Lastly at 80 years of age he died in Rome of the plague Verse 186. Fabricius The Censor titled for his strictness Maximus assisted by his Collegue Q. Aemilius Papus fined Pub. Cornelius Ruffinus who had been twice Consul and put him out of the Senate for having in his house a silver vessel of ten pound weight Agel lib. 4. Val. Max. See Juvenal Sat 9 and 11 where he notes the like Censure passed by him upon his Collegue P. Decius Verse 186. Curius Of him in the beginning of the Comment upon this Satyr Verse 186. Both the Scipio 's Scipio Africanus and Scipio Aemilianus or Africanus minor the first when he was a boy used at certain hours of the day to retire himself into a private part of the Temple and was thought by the people to converse with Jove At seventeen years of age his Father carried him into the field in the beginning of the second Punick war and even then he rescued his Father wounded and catched in one of Hannibals traps Liv. Plut. After he had taken new Carthage in Spain he passed his Army into Africa where conquering Hannibal he made Carthage tributary Liv. Where he died is uncertain some say at Rome and shew a Monument at the Porta Capena with three Statues over it two of P. and L. Scipio the third of the Poet Ennius Scipio's friend Cic. Others say he died at Linternum and was there buried by his own appointment declining his ingratefull Country that would have condemned him for moneys received of King Antiochus and not brought into the publique Treasury By this Scipio the other Scipio was adopted for he was the Son of L. Aemilius Paulus he utterly destroyed Carthage and Numantia two Cities most inveterate enemies to the State of Rome At last living privately at his own house he was there slain for which murder the Gracchi were suspected Liv. Verse 187. The Legion The three hundred and six Fabii before mentioned Verse 188. The Youth at Cannae The flower of all the Roman Militia upon whom the Carthaginians at the battel of Cannae did execution so long till Hannibal himself cryed out Souldiers no more blood Verse 191. Purifie themselves The Aruspex when he purified a place defiled with Monsters used a Torch and Sulphur with water and a Laurell sprinkle Ovid. Verse 195. Th' Orcades Claudius Caesar added the Islands of the Orcades to the Roman Empire Verse 198. Zalates One of the Armenian Children sent Hostage to Rome and there debauched by the Tribune who had the custody and breeding of him Verse 205. Artaxata A City in Armenia Strab. lih 11. built upon the River
can share Fol. 270. ver 96. He 's wretched that on others Fame relies Fol. 313. verse 38. Fates govern Men. Fol. 415. verse 59. Some doe not get a Fortune for life's sake But blind live that they may a Fortune make Fol. 439. v. 249. Th' intent of fraud is taken for the Act What is it then if one commit the fact Fol. 5. verse 4. There is an hour in Fate more powerfull far Then if to Mars her Letter Venus write Fol. 238. verse 231. If Fortune will poor Rhetorician she Can raise thee and thou shalt a Consul be And from a Consul if she will she can Make thee again a Rhetorician Fol. 433. verse 123. Men's Fates are divers though their crimes be one A Crosse exalts that Villain this a Throne G. GAbii 241. betrayed by Sext. Tarquin 360 Gabinius an Insurrector with Catiline 57 Galba vid. Apicius Galba Galba vid. Servius Sulpitius Galba Gallicus the Praetor Vrb. 450 Galline Wood 105 Gallita Cruspilina 424 Gallograecia 245 Gauls conquer Italy 245. beat by Camillus ib. run away into Greece ib. planted in Gallograecia ibid. Gallus 521 Games Olympick instituted 446. consisting of five exercises ib. ending in five dayes ib. the Victor crowned with an Olive-wreath ib. why called Pisaean Olive ib. Ganges described 352 Ganymed Son to the K. of Troy 145. his Fable ib. the mythologicall sense of it ibid. Genius taken for God 122. for a Tutelar Spirit ib. for a Spirit within us ibid. Getania 451 Getulian Boore 143 Gillo a weak Gallant 4 Glaucus 453. money deposited in his hand ib. he denyes the receipt of it ib. puts his case to the Oracle ib. the severall answers made him ib. the money restored ib. he and his whole Family extirpated ibid. Glaucus Father to Bellerophon 382 Golden Fleece 18. hung up in the Temple ib. stolne from thence ibid. Golden Ram 18. carryes Phryxus and Helle ib. is made a Star ibid. Good Goddess why thought to be Ceres 60. vid. Fauna Gorgons conquered 420 Gracchi Caius and Tiberius Gracchus Sons to Cornelia 55. too popular ib why they passed the Lex Agraria and with what success ib. how they were slain ibid. Gracchus a Fencer 66 Gracchus a Salian Priest 63. married to a Trumpeter with a Portion of 3125 l. sterling ib. Green-coats 409 Grief ends in stupidity 200 Grotto of Vulcan 16 Grove of Mars 16 Gyarus the least Isle of the Cyclades 28. Malefactors banished thither ibid. Gymnasium 99 Gymnosophists why so called 216. insensible of heat or cold ib. their reply to Alexander the Great ibid. Sentences in G. Fol. 331. verse 3. To few men good and ill unmask't appear For what with reason doe we hope or fear Fol. 337. verse 115. Is there in Greatness so much Good as will But only serve to counterpoise the ill Fol. 348. verse 361. ev'n to tempt the Parents some are bold Such is their courage that come arm'd with Gold Fol. 350. verse 421. Pray that the Gods be graciously inclin'd to grant thee health of body and of mind Fol. 400. ver 161. Proud Guests I shun that will compare Me to themselves and scorn my meaner fare Fol. 429. verse 29. good men are grown scarce the number small If 't be summ'd up you will not find in all So many true deservers of that stile As there are gates to Thebes or mouths to Nile Fol. 431. verse 88. easily men with the Gods make bold When they alone behold the sinne we act No mortal being Witness to the fact Fol. 440. verse 283. Who bounds his vices when did banish't Grace Return if once but wip'd out of the face Fol. 467. ver 238. From whence soe're it rises Gain smels well Fol. 350. ver 410. let the Gods thy wishes weigh Vnto their providence thy will submit And for what 's sweet they 'l give thee what is fit And that which thy condition most behoves The Gods love Man more then himselfe he loves Fol. 429. verse 40. Know'st not how many Venus'es appear In others Gold Fol. 52. verse 72. That he that wants not worth no Gold should want A General in honour is concernd Fol. 395. verse 53. Vntimely fun'rals Gluttons cannot have Old age is more their terrour then the grave H. HAemus 200 Halcyone 242 Hamillus 372 Hannibal lands in Spain 257. passes the Pyrenaean Mountains ib. marches over the Alps ib. gives overthrows to four Consuls ib. Maharbal's judgement of him 258. he is beaten by Scipio ib. poysons himself ibid. Harpocrates God of silence 446. the posture of his Image ib. believed to be a concurrent cause of mens diseases ibid. Harpyes 298. why said to dwell in Islands ib. what they were in Fable ib. and 299. what in reality ibid. Harts live nine hundred years 483. Alexanders Gold-Collar ibid. Hebe 444. why removed from her Cup-bearers place ibid. Hecuba 377. why the Greeks said she was turned into a Bitch ibid. Hedge-Priest or House-Priest contradistinct from Temple-Priest 6 Heliodorus Nero's Informer-General 24. how courted by the petty Intelligencers 4 Hellebore cures the Gout 446 Helvidius Priscus banished 143. repealed ib. Heraclêa writen by Panyasis 26 Heraclitus the Ephesian 354. why he still wept ib. his scorn of Physitians 355. his sad end occasioned by his own experiment ibid. Herculean language to what it referres 55 Hercules Son to Jupiter and Alâ—mena 26 his seven and thirty labours 385.386.387.388.389 he burns himself ib. deified ibid. Hermes Mercury's Statue 293 Hernia 206 Hernick 481 Hesione carried prisoner into Greece 374 Hesperides 149. the Fable of their Golden-Apples and their Dragon 150. the mythology of both ibid. Hetrurian Bubbles 150 Hippia 194 Hippocles Generall of the Asiatick Cumaeans 90 Hippodame Wife to Pirithous 18 Hippolytus a great Huntsman 383. beloved by his wanton Step-mother ib. gives her a repulse ib. his life endangered by his virtue ib. lost by misfortune ib. his torn limbs peeced again 384. he comes into Italy where he calls himself Virbius ib. marries Aricia ib. is buried in the Aricine Grove 383 Hippomanes 219 Hirpin and Corytha 293 Hirrus 372 Homer 506. when he flourished ibid. his own name ib. why surnamed Homer ib. owned and deified after his death by Cities that slighted him in his life time ib. 507. his works ib. his noble posterity ib. esteemed the Prince of Poets by Pliny from the judgment of Alexander the Great ibid. composer of the present Greek Alphabet ib. Horatius Cocles his Heroicall valour 308. his handsome Answer ibid. Hortensius the Augur or Diviner by Birds 23. what Birds he loved best ib. Hyacinthus 196. his Fable 197 Hylas a delicate Boy Favourite to Hercules 35. drowned in his service ibid. Hymettus 452 Sentences in H. Fol. 267. verse 57. who will honour him that 's Honour's shame Noble in nothing but a noble name Fol. 270. ver 104. think it the foulest sin Shouldst thou to save thy breath thy honour spend And forfeit for thy life life's chiefest end Fol. 498. v. 147. The softest hearts kind Nature
ROBERTVS STAPYLTONIVS EQVES AVRATVS 〈…〉 TAMEN ENERVATVS SED INTEGER PARQ SIBI MODESTIAM SATYRARVM ET 〈…〉 DEBET DEBET ETIAM ET DEâ—VS ET â—NCREMENTV Mores Hominum THE MANNERS OF MEN Described in sixteen Satyrs BY JUVENAL As he is published in his most AUTHENTICK COPY lately printed by command of the KING of FRANCE Whereunto is added the Invention of seventeen Designes in Picture With Arguments to the Satyrs As also Explanations to the Designes in English and Latine Together with a large Comment clearing the Author in every place wherein he seemed obscure out of the Laws and Customes of the Romans And The LATINE and GREEK Histories By Sir ROBERT STAPYLTON Knight Published by Authority LONDON Printed by R. Hodgkinsonne in the Year 1660. The Frontispice FAME having fill'd her Trumpet with the praise Of JUVENAL flies from a grove of Bayes And holds a Wreathe to crowne his Statue set Where all his Satyrs to act Men are met A 1 Porter to give rich men almes attends A Goat 2 most gravely Wantons reprehends The Country 3 whips the City The Court-Fish 4 Is deere The Poor are mockt with a proud 5 Dish Th' old 6 Suiter Learning's woefull period The 7 Pedant showes makes for himselfe a Rod. Ancestors Armes he 8 boasts that never fought The lustfull 9 Ranter is to spoon-meat brought How vainly prayes 10 Self-interest Such 11 fruite Crown'd th' Author's Table Please you to recruite A Ship-wrackt 12 Merchant Strange Temptations lie In friends full Bags 13 then ere you trust Sir try What Glutton left Male-issue but he prov'd A 14 Master-Cooke When was a People mov'd To shoote 15 their poyson'd Arrowes with more gall Then for Religion The Speare 16 governs all These heads digested by a matchlesse pen Expresse the Manners both of Rome and Men. Libri Hypotypôsis PLenam FAMA tubam Juvenalis laudibus inflat E Luco Phoebi volitans cingere gestit Subjectam statuam merito diademate lauri Adsunt turba procax Satyri praeludia MORVM Divitibus paucos quadrantes sportula 1 praebet Lascivos gravitas capri 2 arguit Vrget honesti Nequam urbem agricolae flagrum 3 Sex millia squamae 4 Aulicus impendit Patinâ 5 luduntur egeni Turpe senex 6 procus est Perituras cùm docet artes Grammaticus 7 propriis ferulâ virgÃsque feritur Degener ex proavis insignia 8 ventilat haeres Quod reficit lasso vires sorbillat adulter 9 In voto 10 quibus est sua res quà m vana petuntur Apponunt fruges 11 mensae Juvenalis inemtas Naufrago 12 in auxilium quis adest Quà m dulce fruenti Depositum 13 locuples cui credas ergo probetur Ante fidem Haeredem nullum nisi forte magirum 14 Insignis generat gulo Quando ferociùs arcum 15 Gens tendit quà m cùm furiosam in praelia nomen Relligionis agit lex terrae est cuspis 16 acuta Haec magni librum praecedit summula Vatis Qui Romanorum mores depingit Orbis The Life and Character of Juvenal DECIUS JUNIUS JUVENAL was born at Aquinum in Campania his father some say his foster-father a rich freed-man of that town bred him a Scholar and designed him for a Lawyer In order whereunto he heard the Orator Quintilian declaming under him according to Divaeus till he was of middle age Then being Heir to a Fortune therefore not necessitated to make Law his Profession he wholly applied himself to the study of Moral Philosophy and by that rule measuring the actions of his Countreymen the Romans which then gave as well the Example as the Law to all Nations he found nothing so needfull for the corrupted World as Reformation of Manners This he resolved to make his businesse not by inflicting a penalty like the Censor but by showing the uglinesse of Vice as a Satyrist in Imitation of Lucilius yet so far out-doing his Pattern that he read his Satyres publickly not alone with the general applause of the people of Rome but even Quintilian himself as we may probably collect from the tenth book of his Institutions became his hearer and admirer Yet Paris another of his Auditors was not so taken with his seventh though it sets forth his high and mighty Munificence to the Poets in this manner Many to honour in the warres He brings Puts Summer-Annulets and Winter-Rings On Tragick Poets fingers what there lives No Lord that will bestow this Player gives Do'st thou attend the Camerini then And Bareae a fig for Noble men Write Tragedies 't is Pelopea takes She Praefects Philomela Tribunes makes It seems the word Player was more then Paris could digest who to revenge himself upon the Satyrist moved his great Master Domitian Caesar to bestow upon Juvenal a Regiment of Foot in Aegypt This was a pretty handsome return form'd by Paris out of the very subject of his anger bandying as well as he could Satyr for Satyr by making Juvenal one of his Tribunes or Poet-Colonels An old Manuscript relates it thus The Emperour Domitian displeased with Juvenal for touching upon his favours to the Player Paris yet not thinking it fit to put any publick affront upon a man of that integrity of life banished him under the name of an honourable imployment in his service making him Praefect of a Cohort in Aegypt A Commentator saies this Imployment broke the heart of Juvenal but sure he dream't it for Juvenal no more troubled at his Colonel-ship then I express him in the 16th design out-lived his back-friend Paris and likewise Domitian himself as plainly appears in the close of his fourth Satyr But He was lost when once the Clown began To fear him he reveng'd the Noble man How many years he survived his banishment may be easily calculated from these words Sat. 13. Is this newes to one born when Capito Was Consul above threescore years ago Now reckon threescore years from the Consulship of L. Fonteius Capito Collegue with C. Vipsanius in the year from the foundation of Rome eight hundred and twelve you shall find that not onely Domitian was dead and the short reign of Nerva ended but also the 21 years of Trajan and in the second of Hadrian a. u. D. CCC.LXX.II he writ the 13th Satyr to Calvinus dying afterwards in the bosome of his Countrey crowned with white hairs and Lawrel Emblems of mortality common to all men and eternitie of Fame the consequent of his peculiar deserts And here I know it will be wished that Juvenal from whose hands we have the Characters of men of all conditions had left us his own and I believe he would have done it if he might have commended himself to which in that case truth would have obliged him But this not befitting him and well becomming me I shall shall deliver my Author as his Life his own Works and others of unquestioned authority represent him to me He was born or made heir to a good Estate but deserued a better for using the gifts of fortune with
came not short of him for he Divin'd BELLONA as inspir'd by thee A mighty Omen Sir this Fish must bring Of some great triumph or some captive King Or from the Pole of 's British Chariot ARVIRAGUS shall fall perceive you not It is a forrein Monster by the Scales Prickt-up on 's back VEIENTO only failes In that he is not able to presage The Turbot's native climate and his age Shall 's cut him speak MONTANUS cryes oh no T were a dishonour Sir to use him so Let 's have a thin-wall'd earthen vessell made Wherein his whole circumf'rence may be lay'd Some rare PROMETHEUS now should mould the pot With all speed let the wheel and clay be got Henceforth the Potters CAESAR'S Fish to fit His Court may follow This Vote carry'd it Worthy the man who th' old Court Riot knew And NERO'S midnights and a hunger new When Falern wine inflam'd the lungs in all My time his taste was most authenticall If Lucrin Rocks or Circe's th' Oisters bred Or were they with Richborough-water fed He found at the first taste and by the look Of Crab-fish told upon what Coast 't was took The Councell rises and the Lords receive Commands the Room and th' Alban Tow'r to leave To which in such haste and astonishment For them our mighty Generall had sent As if he 'd treat of something which the stern SICAMBRI or the CATTI did concern Or had receiv'd out of far distant Coasts Distracted Letters brought by flying Posts And would to heav'n he had spent all that time Thus innocently when he robb'd our Clime Of many a gallant and illustrious soul Unpunish'd or without the least controll But he was lost when once the Clown began To fear him he reveng'd the Noble-man The Comment UPON THE FOURTH SATYR VErse 1. Crispinus In the beginning of Sat 1. he is only mentioned as Freed-man to Nero but before this Satyr was written Nero had raised him to be Master or Generall of his Horse Guards and at this time the Moor Crispinus was one of the Lords of the Councell to Domitian Caesar. Verse 5. Porticos When the Romans were at the height of wealth and pride they expended vast summes of money in building ground-Galleries standing upon Marble Pillars of the form as I suppose of our Piazzas but longer and higher as made to ride in both for their Coaches as here and for their horses Sat. 7. His House costs much his Portico costs more Wherein he rides untill the showre be o're Verse 8. Forum The City of Rome had six Forums or great Piazza's The first was the Forum Romanum or Vetus and in it the Comitium or their Westminster Hall where their Courts of Justice sate there was also the Rostra or Pulpits for Orations and their old Exchange or Tabernae built about it with the Basilicae Pauli and other noble Buildings Hen. Salmuth in Pancirol lib. rerum deperdit cap. de Basil. Tabern The second was the Forum Julium built by Julius Caesar. The third was built by Aug. Caesar and from him named Augusti Forum The fourth Domitian began and Nerva finished this they called Transitorium being a Transitus or Thorough-fare into their Market-places Martial calleth it Forum Palladium because in the midst of it was the Temple of Pallas Lips de magnitud Rom. l. 3. c. 7. The fifth was built by Trajan where the Senate erected that Imperial Monument of Trajan's Columne a Pillar that was a hundred and fourty cubits high wherein was carved all the battails and actions of the Emperor Trajan which was finished two years after Juvenal writ the thirteenth Satyr and therefore you see only a part of it in the Designe or brass-Cut before the second Satyr The last was Forum Salustii opening into the goodly fair Garden called the Horti Salustini Verse 11. A Vestal he deflowr'd The House that was dedicated to the Goddesse Vesta stood neer to the Temple of Castor In this House at first four Virgins were cloistered afterwards six their Charge was to keep the sacred fire of Vesta which if it went out would portend evill to the Romans as they believed their penalty for such neglect was to be stript naked as farre as the waste and then to be whipt by their Lady-superintendent as for the fire it was only to be kindled again from the beams of the Sun which was done by a kinde of Burning-glass They were admitted between six and eleven years of age and were to remain in the Cloister thirty years the first ten to learn mysterious Ceremonies the next ten to practise them and the last ten to instruct others If in all these thirty years any Vestal was convicted of inchastity she was led to the Campus Sceleratus or Field of Execution lying within the walls of Rome neer to the Colline Gate Munster in sua Cosmog there in her closs Chair let down into a Vault wherein was a Couch a Lamp burning and a little meat the hole they put her in was presently stopped up Plutarch in Numa and so this poor defloured Vestall like an Anchorite lived and died in her grave The reason of this kinde of death and burial was because they held it unlawfull to lay violent hands upon a Vestall and unfit to burn her body who had kept the sacred fire with no more sanctity Verse 14. The Censor Domitian Caesar that acting the Censor had executed Cornelia a defloured Vestall according to the letter of the Law and commanded Adulterers to be whipt to death in the Comitium where the Judges sate Verse 15. Titius Titius and Seius are the John a Nokes and John a Stiles of the Civil Law Verse 19. Six thousand Six thousand Nummi or Sestertii made six Sestertia being neer upon fifty pound sterling and the Mullet weighed six pound equall to the number of the Sestertia Verse 28. Apicius The most noted Glutton that was ever recorded in History he writ a volume yet extant of the art of Cookery Seneca in his book of Consolation to Albina tells us that Apicius lived in his time and hanged himself because when he took his accounts of an infinite summe of money which he had laid up only to maintain his Kitchen he found the remainder to be but the tenth part Verse 33. Province Provinces were all Countries out of Italy to which the Romans sent a Praefect Proconsul or any other Governour Verse 40. Nilus The seven-channel'd River of Aegypt inclosing the City of Canopus where Crispine was born Verse 41. Calliope One of the Muses Mother to the Poet Orpheus taken to be the Inventress of Heroick Verse Virg. in Epigram Verse 43. Speak you Pierian Girls The nine Muses were called Pierian because Pierius begot them of Antiopa Cic. 2. de natura deorum but the Poets say they were so stiled from a rich Macedonian that by his Wife Evippe had nine Daughters turned into Magpies by the nine victorious Muses whom they had challenged to sing Ovid. 5. Metam Now when
Modia and Albina Sat. 3. For fear lest his Collegue the Tribune may Wish Modia or Albina first good day Sometimes at midnight as here When the Sev'n-starres doe roll Their cold and sluggish Wain about the Pole Both times are taken notice of by Martial Mane vel 'a media nocte togatus ero By day-break or at midnight I 'll be gown'd Verse 29. Cybel's Priests See the Comment upon the second Satyr where you will finde the Priests of Cybele to be an Order of Rogues Drunkards and Gluttons therefore very likely to quarrel and fight about their victuals Verse 33. Libertines A Libertine was properly the Issue of a Freed-man and a Freed-woman and the Son whose Father and Mother were both Libertines nay if the Mother only were free-born was called Ingenuus but after the Censorship of Appius Caecus Liberti and Libertini signified the same degree of freedome and Ingenuus was taken for one born free whether their Parents were Freed-men or the Sons of Freed-men Justin Inst. l. 1. tit de Ingenuis See Franc. Sylv. in Catilinar 4. Verse 34. Pots of Saguntum Course earthen Pots made in Spain at Saguntum a City famous for holding out against Hannibal See Sat. 15. Verse 35. Vntrim'd Consuls That wore beards like their Kings Verse 39. Albane The Albane Hills bore a very pleasant Grape Plin. and the Vines there growing have not yet degenerated for the Vino Albano is now the best meat-wine in Rome Verse 39. Setine Hills Setia the City that denominates these Hills lies not far from Tarracina in Campania Martial lib. 13. Pendula Pampineos quae spectat Setia campos Setia that hangs o're the Pampinian Medes The Wine that came from these Mountains was in great esteem with Augustus Caesar and Regis ad Exemplum with Juvenal Sat. 10. When thou rich Setine Wine dost hold Sparkling midst Diamonds in a Boll of Gold Verse 41. Date and Climate The Romans writ upon the Vessels in their Cellars as the Officres of our English Kings set down in their accounts where the wine grew and what day of the Moneth it came in Verse 42. Thraseas and Helvidius Thraseas Paetus was Son in Law to Helvidius Priscus both would as gladly have laid down their lives to preserve Rome from the tyranny of Nero as D. Junius Brutus ventured his to free the Romans from Tarquin or M. Brutus and Cassius theirs to deliver their Country from the encroachment of I. Caesar. Tharseas was a Stoick and accordingly he behaved himself at his death for when the Officer told him from Nero that he must die with great constancy he repressed the tears of his Family and chearfully holding forth his arme when the floor was full of his blood turning to Demetrius the Cynick with the courage of Socrates he said This blood we offer as a Libation to Jove the deliverer Tacit. lib. 16. Helvidius Priscus suspected upon the same account was banished Italy by Nero and after his death repealed by Galba See Tacit. Verse 43. Drank Crown'd When the Romans indulged or sacrificed to the Genius which was as aforesaid either at the Nativities or Marriages of themselves or those they honoured it was their custome to crown their heads with cooling flowers to allay the heat of the wine and by binding of their fore-heads to suppress the fumes then ascending Verse 46. Beril A Precious-stone often mentioned in sacred Scripture Verse 53. The Youth prefer'd before The jealous spirited Hiarbas Aeneas See Sat. 1. in whose time when fighting was in fashion the Hilts of Swords were set with pretious-stones Virg. Aeneid lib. 4. Stellatus Jaspide fulva Ensis erat Bright Jasper sparkled in his Hilts. but in Juvenal's dayes when fighting in the field was out of date in Rome and eating and drinking only in request it was the mode to take out the Gems from their Hilts and set them in their Bolls Verse 56. Beneventine Cobler An ugly Glass that bore the name of Vatinius the Drunken Cobler of Beneventum and the four noses of it were studed and bossed like his nose Martial Verse 63. Getulian Boor. A Negro of Getulia in Africa Verse 67. Flower of Asia My Author means not the whole but that part of Asia properly so called within the Trojan Dominions which took this name from Asius the Philosopher Suid. After the Romans were made Lords of those Territories by the gift of King Attalus when they had brought them into the form of a Province they called it Asia Strab. lib. 13. so that the Flower of Asia signifies the loveliest Boyes or Ganymeds of the Country about Troy where Ganymed himself was born as you will see in the third Note following Verse 69. Tullus Tullus Hostilius the third King of Rome that took sackt and demolished the City of Alba as in the Comment upon the fourth Satyr a Prince no less active then Romulus He revived the Roman courage buried in sloath and the arts of peace and lest they should want imployment took occasion to quarrel with his Neighbours Liv. He first reduced Coyn to certain rates He brought in the Consuls Chariot-chair or Sella Curulis or Eburnea so called because it was made of Ivory and carried about in a Chariot The Lictors were his Officers He invented the Toga Picta and Praetexta the first being a Gown imbroidered in figures was worn in Triumph the other guarded with purple Silk by noble mens Sons and from Hetruria now the Dutchie of Florence he brought the golden Bullas or Bubbles which in their infancy they wore about their Necks See Macrob. lib. 1. Saturn Verse 69. Warlike Ancus Ancus Martius fourth King of the Romans Numa's Daughters Sonne he subdued the Latins inlarged the City of Rome took-in the Aventine and Martial Mounts and with a wooden Bridge joyned the Janiculum to Rome He extended the Roman Limits to the Sea-coast where he built the City of Ostium He made the first Prison that ever was in Rome and the number of that one Prison was not multiplied in the Reigns of the three Kings his Successors nor a long while after as you may see in the end of Sat. 3. Verse 72. Getulian Ganymed Ganymed was Son to Tros King of Troy so sweet a Boy that Jupiter fell in love with him and as he was hunting upon the Mountain Ida made his Eagle seize and carry him to Heaven where for his sake Jupiter put off Hebe Juno's Daughter that till then filled his Nectar and gave his Cup-bearer's place to Ganymed The Mythological sense of this Fable is that the divine Wisdome loves a wise man and that he only comes neerest to the nature of God Cicer. lib. 2. Tusculan But this Negro this Getulian Ganymed came neerest the nature of Pluto and might have been the Devil's Cup-bearer Verse 87. Remember These are the words of a proud controlling Waiter at the Table answered in the next verse but one by the poor upbraided Client Verse 90. Mount Esquiline Where many Patricians had houses so
that befits the poor Yet Man sometimes weighs profit looks before Provides for cold and hunger fears to want Taught by th' example of the frugall Ant Vain Woman sees not how the Stock consumes That Gold will grow in empty bags presumes And still to take from full heaps never measures At what excessive rates she buys her pleasures Some our soft Evnuch's still smooth kisses love And meer despair of beard no fear to prove A need abortion yet the pleasure 's great Because the Surgeon in ripe youth and heat Their dowcets cuts the black Down newly grown These when they come to weigh a pound a stone He takes off leaves the remnant at full size And only the poor Barber damnifies Into the Bath this goodly Evnuch goes And there no doubt so huge a bawble shows As may with BACCHUS or PRIAPUS vie His Lady's Evnuch with her let him lie But POSTHUMUS I would not wish you trust Your Minion BROMIUS to this Evnuch's lust If she love Musick let no voice that 's sold To Praetors hope to make his button hold Her hands are still on th' Organs her Lute stuck With gems the strings with a rich quill are struck The young HYDEMELE'S Lute takes her this She hugs and gives the lov'd wood man'y a kiss One of the Lamian house and Appian name With Cakes and Wine to VESTA ' and JANUS came To know if POLLIO'S Lyre would musick breath To win him the Capitoline oaken Wreath Should her Lord sicken what could she doe more Or had the Doctors her young Son giv'n ore She stood at th' Altar as the manner is And spake the prompted words of sacrifice Nor for a Fidler sham'd her face to veil And when the Lamb was open'd she turn'd pale Thou old God Father JANUS can Heav'n hear These pray'rs I see y' have little business there She must for Buskins she for Socks procure Thy aid th' Aruspex will grow crooked sure But let her sing e're ramble to invite The Wits and parley in her Husbands sight With men of paludated Gen'rals face to beard And naked breasted this is she that heard All news knows what 's in Thrace and Scythia done The secret of the Step-mother and Son Can tell who loves what Wencher was beguil'd And who 't was got the Dowager with child What day o th' Month knows ev'ry Ladies phrase She sports in and how many sev'ral wayes She first the Comet saw th' Armenian State And Parthian threatning at the City-gate She way-layes fame NIPHATES she gives out Hath drown'd the Men and Countries round about That th' Earth shakes Cities nod in all our streets She prattles this to every one she meets Yet this is by a baser vice out-stript Poor Neighbours must intreat they may be whipt For if a barking Dog disturb her sleep She calls out to the Varlets she doth keep Take your battoons along without demur Brain the Dogs Master first and then the Cur. She frowning goes into her Bath by night Pots Pans the Camp 's remov'd by candle-light She loves to sweat in Crowds till each arme falls Tir'd with the weight of her two leaden balls Then her Bath-keeper a Knaves trick hath found To make his Lady 's nointed thigh resound Mean time her Clients sterv'd and hungry droop At length she comes red-cheekt and longs to swoop A Rundlet off lay'd at her feet and pour'd From a full Ewre whence th' other Pint devour'd To force an appetite she in her way To supper does o th' ground her stomach lay The Marble floor swift Rivers interline Or her broad Bason smells of Falerne wine Like a long Snake into a Wine-fat cast She sucks it in and spues it out as fast A sight that makes her Husband's stomach rise Who to avoid the object shuts his eyes She 's worse that VIRGIL at her board commends And DIDO'S killing of her self defends And then compares the Poets VIRGIL layes In one scale in the other HOMER weighs Gramarians Rhetoricians the whole crowd She drowns Lawyer nor Cryer speaks so lowd Nor other Woman words burst from her tongue Youl 'd swear so many Bells and Basons rung Let none sound Trumpets or brasse Kettles grieve She can alone the lab'ring Moon relieve Her wisedome th' End to honest acts sets down If she 'll shew learned let her girt her gown Above her knee to God SILVANUS slay A hog and for her bath a farthing pay Let not thy wife to speak high things affect Nor nimbly the short Enthymem project Nor know all Histories she may have got A little so she understand it not I hate her that PALAEMON'S art revives That to discourse by rule or method strives That as an Antiquary Verses quotes Unknown to me and in her Gossip notes A fault in Grammar which Men scarce regard Pray let her Husband's solaesism be spar'd A woman thinks all 's lawfull when she wears Those mighty Pear-pearls that weigh-down her ears And th' Emerald Neck-lace nothing makes man's life Unhappier then a fortune with a wife Boil'd flowre like mortar's in her wrinkles laid Or that Pomatum which POPPAEA made Her poor fool's lips she bird-limes but comes in To her Adult'rer with a clean-washt skin When goes she neat at home she meets her friend In all perfumes that meager Indians send At last she 's seen undaw'bd then first she 's known And nurst with Asses milk whose breed's her own And still took with her lest she be sent forth An Exile like POPPAEA to the North. But what 's thus poultic'd and thus plaster'd o're Is it a face or may 't be call'd a sore 'T is worth your knowledge what they doe by day If in the night her Husband turn'd away Her chief Maid's dead her Dresser ready stript Too late comes her Chair-bearer and is whipt Because another fell asleep his head Breaks her tough cane him rods him cords dye red There are that pay the Beadles by the year She beats then paints then does her Gossips hear Or her fair gold-embroider'd Garment views Beats on and does the dayes accounts peruse Which took and beating till the Beadles groan Be gone she thunders in a horrid tone In the Sicilian Court a milder doom Offenders had then in her House at Rome For if some neater dress she meditates Or hastes to the Religious Bawd that waits In ISIS Fane or some i th' walks expect Poor PSECAS still bare-breasted naked-neckt Her hair torn combs her Lady's Why 's this lock So high straight her Bull-pizle gives a knock What hath your Woman done deserves these blows Is 't her fault Madam you dislike your nose Another o th' left hand unties the strings Opens her hair and curles it into Rings The Matron of the Wheel in Councel sits Whose needle now her Lady manumits She gives her vote i th' first place as most sage Then her inferiours in art and age As if that fame and life were both at stake So great a care they of their beauty take Her hair
frenzie commit a Crime equal to Nero when he writ his Troicks which Juvenal urges as the greatest of his cruelties for they put him into a humour of setting Rome on fire only that he might sing his verses of Troy burning by Rome in the like condition Lastly for the Imperial Crown of his impiety he charged the fact upon the Christians condemning those poor Innocents for that which he himself had done to be tortured in pitch't Cassocks fit for Catiline and Cethegus as Juvenal here sayes that would have fired Rome and therefore fittest of all for Nero that did it This torture is fully described in Sat. 1. Verse 285. Vindex C. Julius Vindex Governor in France the first mover in the rebellion against Nero not upon his own score but upon the account of S. Sulpitius Galba Lievtenant in Spain for whom both Vindex Virginius Rufus Governor in Germany declared themselves and Juvenal thinks all three had done well if they had declared against Nero for the burning of Rome and revenged in the first place his malice to his Country Verse 390. Parsley-Crown Nero in the Isthmian prizes had carried away the Parsley-Crown from the Greek Musick-Masters Verse 292. Thyestes long train Thyestes was Son to Pelops and Hippodamia He to spight his Brother Atreus made him Cuckold Atreus to revenge himself first banished Thyestes then repealed his banishment and feasted him with the flesh of those Sons which he himself had begot upon the body of his Wife Aetope Thyestes to out doe his Brother defloured his own Daughter Pelopea by whom he had Aegysthus that assisted in the murder of Agamemnon Son to Atreus In this Tragedy of Atreus so horrid that Historians say the Sun could not have patience to behold it but went back into the East Nero played the part of Thyestes and Juvenal thinks that when the Play was done Nero might have hung the long Vest which he acted in upon the Statue of his Ancestor Cn. Domitius as well as he hanged upon the Statue of Augustus Caesar the Lute decreed him by the Judges of the Musick-exercises he having first kissed and adored it Suet. Verse 293. Antigone's and Menalippe's Tyre That we may know Nero acted upon the Stage both Mens and Womens parts my Author bids him put upon the head of L. Domitius Nero the Tyre in which he played Antigone that led her blind Father Oedipus as aforesaid and on the head of Domitius Aenobarbus to put the dress in which he played the part of Menalippe got with child by Neptune imprisoned by her Father and in a Stable delivered of a boy that was almost stifled with the stink of the place and therefore called Baeothus Verse 296. Cethegus One of the Conspirators with Catiline that covenanted to fire Rome the barbarous Galls did no more Was this a designe fit for Romans and persons of honour as they were Verse 300. Pitcht Cassocks Made for poor Christians See the end of the Comment upon Sat. 1. Verse 302. New man Cicero's Enemies in scorn of his mean birth called him novus homo new man and the poor Arpinate because he was born among the Volscians at Arpinum now Abruzzo then a poor Town yet enobled by two famous Natives M. Tullius Cicero and C. Marius Verse 306. The Gown Hail thou that wer't first stiled Father of thy Country thou that in the Gown did'st first deserve a triumph and the laurell of the tongue Thus the spirit of Cicero is complemented by Pliny lib. 7. cap. 2. Father of his Country was a title by Cato conferred upon Tully for preserving Rome from Catiline Cethegus and the rest of their faction Verse 308. Caesar. Augustus Caesar second Emperor of the Romans Consul with Cicero in the year from the foundation of Rome 722. He overthrew Brutus and Cassius at Philippi and defeated Marc. Antony at the battail of Actium where he built a City and named it from his victory Nicopolis Plutarch He reigned fifty six years In his time learning flourished then in Rome lived Virgil Horace Sallust Hortensius Athenodorus Tarseus and Sitio Alexandrinus Eutr lib. 7. But in Juvenal's opinion neither his conquest at Land nor his Sea-victory merited so much honour from his Country as those services done in the Gown by Cicero Verse 313. Marius Another poor Arpinate born in the same Town with Cicero His Father C. Marius and his Mother Fulcinia wrought for their living Plut. and so did he himself when he first came to the Army Juv. The Vine that paid him when the lazy Cramp Took his hand pallizadoing the Camp After he was a Souldier by degrees he rose from one office to another till at last the Consul Metellus made him his Lievtenant-Generall in Numidia where he took King Jugurth and drive him into Rome before the wheels of his triumphant Chariot for which service the Romans looked upon him as the only great Souldier able to defend them when they trembled at the invasion of the Cimbrians and Teutons He was then chosen Consul five times together In his fifth Consulship when he had Catulus for his Collegue he overthrew the Cimbrians and Teutons He was defeated by Sylla and hid himself in the Minturnian Fens in Campania where he was found cast into a Dungeon by the Minturnians and a Cimbrian sent to murder him But the Executioner fled from the Prisoner whose eyes as he said shot forth a flame of fire Then the Town possessed with the like fear suffered Marius to make an escape and in a small Pinnace he passed over into Africa where Juvenal sayes Sat. 10. that he begged his bread in conquered Carthage When Cinna had seized into his hands the government of Rome he called-in Marius that destroying his enemies was the seventh time chosen Consul and then dyed in Rome of a Pleurisie Plut. Ver. 317. Cimbrians The Cimbrians are the Danes and Holsatians that with the rest of the Germans are called Teutons from their God Tuesco Versteg These bodying in a vast Army were upon their march for Rome in the year 640. but Marius cut them off as aforesaid they were men of huge giantly bodies and horrid looks The Cimbrians used to rejoyce at a battail where if they fell they should die gloriously upon the bed of honor but they lamented in their sicknesses as if they were to perish basely Val. Max. Verse 321. Second Laurel He wore the first when he led King Jugurth in triumph Verse 322. Collegue Marius in his fifth Consulship was Collegue to Q. Catulus a person nobly born Both as equalls in the service of preserving their Country from the Cimbrians were equalized in the honour of triumph Verse 323. Decii The Decii were Plebeians but men of more then Patrician courage for they devoted their lives as voluntary Sacrifices for the benefit of their Country the Father in the war with the Latines the Son in the Hetrurian war the Grandchild in the war that King Pyrrhus made for the Tarentines The first Decius when
33. In these sports it was the Slaves office to cry aloud to the Consul Look behind you Sir Remember you are a man Verse 52. Almes-Basket The Consul 's two Sportulaes the meat and Money-basket which obliged the attendance of his Clients in white Robes not as Candidati for 't was long before this time that suiters to the People stood in white but as men of eminence and imployment in the Empire as if they were principal Secretaries to a King Fenest de Mag. Rom. cap. 3. Verse 56. Dull climes Abdera where Democritus was born stood in the Barbarous Country of Thrace Verse 60. Middle-finger The infamous finger which pointing at a Roman gave him the affront now â—â—â—red by 〈◊〉 enemy that cryes Cazzo Verse 61. Wax'd knees The Heathens 〈…〉 their Gods should not forget their Prayers they writ them down and fastned them to the worshipped Images which had their Knees the Seat of Mercy waxed over purposely to make the paper stick Verse 66. Statues If a man were condemned for Tyranny Treason or any Crime of the like nature his name was crost out of the Roman Calendar or Records and his Statues broken This was done either by Decree of Senate or by the fury of the People See Tacit. Annal. 6. and Plin. in his Panegyrick Verse 71. Great Sejanus Aelius Sejanus Son to Seius Strabo In his youth he followed C. Caesar Nephew to Augustus By many artifices he wrought upon Tiberius so as that subtile Prince closs to all others lay open to him He had a strong body and a confident spirit secret in his own actings an Informer against others equally proud and flattering seemingly modest really ambitious to which end he sometimes made use of bounty but most commonly of industry and circumspection mediums alike dangerous when a Crown is the Designe At his first coming to be Captain of the Emperor's Life-guard the Praetorian Cohort his forces were not considerable but he made them so by bringing his Praetorians that were before quartered severally and as he said grew debosht into a body and fixing them in a standing Camp that they might be ready to act when they received his Orders and that a view of their number and strength might beget confidence in them fear in others He had no sooner intrenched but he crept into the hearts of the Souldiers with going to them calling them by their names and giving them hopes of preferment he being commissioned to name his own Officers He likewise omitted not either to court the Senate or to advance his friends to honours and offices which Tiberius was so far from disliking that in the Senate-house he commended Sejanus as his laborious Partner gave him the second place in the Empire by making him his own perpetual Collegue and suffered his Images to be set up in the Theaters and publick Meeting-places and to be carried in the Ensignes of the Legions But the Master-piece of his policy was to ingratiate himself with Livia wife to Drusus heir apparent to the Empire This Lady Sister to Germanicus was very ill favoured when she was a Girle afterwards proved a beauty nothing was unhandsome in her but her heart of which she robbed her husband to bestow it upon her servant and left a noble certainty for a base hope that is to be Empress to Sejanus when the skie should fall and he trample upon all Caesar's numerous Relations Yet Livia in some particulars like to Hippia Sat. 6. Regardless of her Husband's reputation The honour of her Brother House and Nation Forsook her crying Babes and prostituted together with her self the other Chamber-secrets of her Lord that in private often said It seems Caesar hath a Co-adjutor whilst his Son is living this was a dash upon the mouth with his tongue whereof Sejanus was more sensible then of the other given him by Drusus with his hand which he returned with a speeding revenge For he put away his wife Apicata to make way for Livia and she to requite him poysoned her husband Tacit. l. 4. Tiberius being then at Capreae had intelligence of all his practices and by his death prevented his own murder Treason is like the Cockatrice's eyes For seeing first it kills first seen it dies From Capreae the Emperor writ to the Senate 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Letter was read and it was a long one But the Lords made short work for immeniately the Tribunes and their Souldiers encompassed and bound him then Sentence passing in the House they dragg'd him to the Gemoniae where he was flung down Dion Cass. The ignominious manner of his execution how his Statues were pulled down and dragged through the Streets of Rome I need not add you have an exact description of it in this Satyr Verse 74. Laurell Upon great feast dayes the Romans drest up their houses with boughs and wreaths of Laurell and what day should they keep more holy then Caesar's day of deliverance from Sejanus therefore they incourage one another to sacrifice unto Jupiter Capitoline a Bull as white as he himself was when he carried Europa upon his back And this Bull was to be haled with ropes through the streets of Rome to the Capitol as the body of Sejanus was dragged with hooks thrust into his throat to the Scalae Gemoniae the Gemonian Stairs where malefactors had their thigh-bones broken and were then burned to ashes Coel. Rod. l. 10. c. 5. Verse 82. Capreae An Isle about 8 miles beyond the City of Surrentum in Campania Nothing in this Isle could invite Tiberius Caesar but only Solitude or that he might the freelier enjoy Thrasillus and the rest of his Chaldaean Astrologers unless his Majesty had loved Quales wherewith the place abounds Verse 86. Nurtia The Goddess of Thuscany where Sejanus was born at Volscinium now Bolsena Verse 89. Selling of our voice Before the Sovereign power was invested in the Caesars when the Common-wealth of Rome was governed by the Senate and the People the poorer sort lived upon the sale of their Votes to such as were Candidates or Suiters to them for publick Offices and imployment Verse 98. Brutidius A Senator that looked pale for fear some Spies which were in the Senate-house at the condemnation of Sejanus might criminate all such as spake not thundring words against that Traytor For my Author conceives that upon such information Tiberius Caesar would not spare his own Party but misplace the execution of his fury as Ajax did that beat a heard of Oxen supposing them to be the Grecians that gave sentence against him when he pleaded his title to the armes of Achilles Sophocl Verse 118. Gabii Was once a City built by the Kings of Alba. Virg. Aeneid 7. It became subject to Rome being delivered to King Tarquin by the fraud of his Son Sextus as aforesaid At this time it was a Village or some very poor Town as appears by the ranking of it with Fidenae and Vlubrae that being a Village of the Sabines Plin. and
that had breasts hanging down and young ones sucking them some again that were old bald and impotent Verse 233. Cossus One that laid out his money in the Shambles upon the best Fish and Foul which he presented to rich childless persons in hope the venture would bring him in a fortune when their Wills were proved therefore the older they were the better for his purpose Verse 245. Seleucus The best Lutenist in Juvenal's time Verse 255. Oppia A notorious common Slut in my Authors dayes but afterwards so unknown that his Transcribers instead of Oppia put Hippia an Adultress often mentioned in his Satyrs but never charged with multiplicity of Servants as Oppia is Verse 256. Themison A Greek Physitian whose authority is quoted by Galen He was Schollar to Empedocles Plin. lib. 29. cap. 1. but that he was a bad practicer you may take my Author's word Verse 257. Basil A Governour of a Province to be put upon the same thievish File with M. Priscus Verres Tutor Capito Pansa Natta Antonius and Dolabella Verse 258. Hirrus A Guardian that by cheating of poor Orphans came to a great fortune and lived in no little state as you have him described without a name Sat. 1. What rage inflames me when the People 's prest With Crouds attending him that dispossest The Orphane now a Prostitute Verse 259. Maura One of the beastly Prophaners of Chastities old Altar Sat. 6. Verse 260. Hamillus Really such a Tutor as Socrates was falsely reported to be by the Leather-dresser Anytus Melitus the Orator and Lycon the Poet. Verse 272. Fasting A high expression of a Mother's love that feeds her young ones even when she her self is hungry Verse 278. Phiale A Curtezan that was Mistress of her Art Verse 289. King Nestor Son to Neleus and Chloris Hom. Odyss lib. 2. born at Pilos a City standing upon the Laconick Sea Strab. lib. 7. In his Fathers life time he commanded in chief against the Epeans of Peloponnesus afterwards called Elians Plin. lib. 4. cap. 1. At the Wedding of Pirithous he fought on his part against the Centaurs that would have stole away the Bride At the Siege of Troy he was grown very old yet with fifty sayle of Ships he joyned himself to the rest of the Greek Princes when he had lived to the third Age of Man as he himself tells us in Ovid Metamorph. lib. 12. How many years make three Ages is not agreed on by Interpreters Xenophon sayes the Aegyptians and from them the East reckoned an Age to be thirty years then was Nestor but ninty years of age and had only counted thirty years upon a finger when he began to tell upon his right hand But if Juvenal had thought him but ninty which thousands were then and are now he would not have referred us to the faith and authority of Homer neither would he have added that Nestor lived neerest to the Crow or Raven that lives nine ages of man at least if we believe Hesiod quoted by Plin. lib. 7. cap. 48. Therefore I take it for granted that in my Authors account Nestor was 300 years old and having told 280 upon his left hand by twenty years a joynt had begun the other twenty upon his right hand Nor had he lost any part of his long time as appears by his experience and wisdome being so great that Agamemnon said he should quickly take Troy if he had but ten Nestors to his prudence he had such a rare elocution that his words were said to flow sweeter then honey He had seven Sons and one Daughter by Eurydice Daughter to Clyminus Verse 297. Antilochus Eldest Son to Nestor and Eurydice He attended his Father to the Siege of Troy and was there slain by Memnon Son to Tython and Aurora Hom. When the body of this gallant Youth was burned his Father could not but complain that he had lived too long to see it Verse 302. He The Father of Vlysses but who that was whether Laertes or Sysiphus Juvenal had no mind to determine See the Comment upon Sat. 9. Verse 303. Priam Son to Laomedon When Troy was taken and slighted by Hercules he and his Sister Hesione were carried Prisoners into Greece from whence he was ransomed and returning built up Troy made it a much fairer City and extended the limits of his Kingdome so farre that he was in a manner Emperor of all Asia He married Hecuba Daughter to Cisseus King of Thrace and had by her seventeen Sonnes one of which number was Paris that to finde out his Sister Hesione made a voyage into Greece and there stole away Helen Wife to Menelaus which was cause of the League entred into by the Grecian Princes and of their ten years Siege of Troy in which time he saw almost all these Sons and 33 more slain by the Enemy for he had in all 50 Sons Cic. Tuscul. 1. Lastly after Troy was taken he himself was slain by Pyrrhus Sonne to Achilles at the Altar of Hircaean Jupiter where Juvenal sayes that he Fell like an Oxe in his old age despis'd And by th' ingratefull Plough-man sacrific'd Verse 304. Assaracus Son to Tros King of Troy Brother to Ganymed Father to Capys the Father of Anchises Ovid. and great Uncle to Priam as appears in this Pedegree Jupiter the second Dardanus Erichthonius Tros Ganymed Assaracus Ilus Laomedon Priam. Verse 306. With all his Brothers That were 49. Hom. Virg. Cic. All these Sons and base Sons to Priam with their Brother and sovereign Lord Hector in case that Priam had died before the Trojan war would have carried his Corps to the funerall Pile according to the custome of the Antients and reckoned in the number of human felicities an instance whereof we have in Q. Metellus For besides his high honours and surname of Macedonian when his body was carried to be burned the Bearers were his four Sons one being Praetor and the other three Consular persons two of the three having triumphed and the third being then Censor Plin. lib. 7. cap. 44. Verse 307. Cassandra first Cassandra was one of Priam's 12. Daughters a Prophetess and therefore Juvenal sayes her tears would have been shed first for the funerall of her Father which she might have foreseen though no body would have believed her a fortune that attended her predictions For when she foretold the danger of the Trojan Horse and cryed out against the receiving of it within the walls no credit at all was given to her words by her own Country-men and therefore it was no marvel Agamemnon believed her not when she was his Prisoner and bid him take heed of a plot upon him by his Wife but he then looked upon her as a mad-woman Afterwards both he and Cassandra perished in the plot laid and executed by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus See the Comment upon Sat. 1. This slighting of Cassandra's Prophecies made the old Poets tell the story of Apollo that had so high a passion for her he bid her ask whatsoever she
barb'rous Baskets came But now Rome would gladly th' invention claim Verse 55. Royall Merchant Philip King of Macedon that in the above mentioned words of Horace beat down City gates And foil'd with gifts his rival-States The particular here instanced by my Author is the bargain which King Philip made with Lasthenes and Eurycrates for the rendition of Olynth a City of Thrace neer to Athos then under the Command of the Athenians not to be taken either by a storm or siege but only by that which K. Philip said would enter the strongest Fortification an Asse loaded with Gold At this time his Gold was laid out upon Merchandize for it brought him in thrice as much in Plate Verse 73. Three Sisters Clotho Lachesis and Atropos of which in Sat. 3. Juvenal here calls them Spinsters that according to the belief of the Romans in times of safty and prosperity spun white thread and black in times of adversity and mortall danger Verse 82. Alban Mountain Where Ascanius built the City of Alba Longa leaving the Town of Lavinium to his Step-mother Lavinia That Alba was so named from the white Sow with thirty Pigs sucking her vid. Sat. 4. and the Prophecy in Virgil. Aeneid Verse 88. Tyrrhene Pharos The Port of Hostia anciently Ostia where Tiber disburdens it self into the Tyrrhene Sea Claudius Caesar in imitation of Pharos in Aegypt built the stony Armes of this Port and for eleven years together kept 30000 men at work upon it Sueton. It was designed by Augustus and repaired by Trajan See Pliny's Panegyrick Verse 94. Baian Lighters Boats that came from Baiae described in the beginning of Sat. 3. Verse 95. Shav'd Saylors It was the custome for Roman Slaves when they received their freedom to shave their heads before they put on their Hats those which at the triall for their lives were acquitted did the like shewing themselves to Jupiter with their crowns shav'd and it is probable that Saylors after they had escaped a shipwrack used the same ceremony Verse 97. Speak and think The Romans thought that any man's good Omen consisted in other mens words and wishes Omen being only the conjunction of Os and Mens tongue and heart Of the solemn form of Sacrifices used for good Omens sake See Brisson Verse 104. My Jove Juvenal's domestick Jove moulded in wax as his Lars were to both which he sacrificed abroad and at home for though the Lar was the houshold God yet King Servius Tullius appointed him publick as well as private worship and good reason he had if the Lar begot him as his Subjects believed by the apparition which his Mother sitting by the fire side saw upon the hearth Plut. Verse 108. Hallowed tapers As well in domestick as publick Thanksgivings the Sacrificers dores were stuck full of waxen tapers bayes and flowers Verse 115. Paccius A rich childless man presented by all the Roman Heredipetae or Legacy-mongers He is named by Tacitus that calls him African lib. 20. Verse 116. Gallita Cruspilina made great by wealth and barrennesse which both in good and bad times are alike powerfull Tacit. lib. 17. Verse 118. Promise Hecatombes For the recovery of sick men provided they were rich and childless flattering knaves that hoped for great Legacies would not stick to vow to the Gods Hecatombes of Elephants if they were to be had which was impossible for they were beasts never seen by the Romans till invaded by those dreadfull enemies Pyrrhus King of the Molossian Epirots whose Souldiers rid upon their backs in wooden Towers and Hannibal Generall of the Carthaginians here called Tyrian because Queen Dido the Foundress of Carthage came from Tyre Nor in my Author's time were any Elephants fed or kept in Italy but only in the Meadows about Lavinium conquered from Turnus by Aeneas both the Meads and Elephants now belonging to his successors the Caesars Verse 129. Novius and Pacuvius Visiters of the sick Gallita or Paccius both which they plyed with warm gifts in hope of large returns when their Wills were proved Verse 138. Iphiginia In the beginning of Sat. 1. tit Orestes you have the story of Iphiginia brought to be sacrificed for releasing the Trojan Fleet that lay wind-bound at Aulis and how Diana left a Hinde in her place carried the Princess into Taurica Now the bitter Satyrist sayes that if his fellow-Citizen Pacuvius should sacrifice an only Daughter for the recovery of Gallita he should not think the act of Agamemnon to be so commendable for alas what is the freedom of 1000 Ships to the glorious expectation of a Legacie Verse 143. Death Libitina so Juvenal was the Goddess in whose Temple all things appertaining to funerall pomp and ceremony were bought and sold. Some think the Romans by Libitina meant Proserpine Queen of the Infernal Regions Others think her to be Venus and give this reason why all things belonging to Funeralls should be kept in her Temple thereby to admonish us of humane frailty how neer our End is to our Beginning since the same Goddess is Patroness both of life and death Plut. Verse 150. Nero by his rage That spared neither private persons nor publick nor the very Temples and gave no office without this charge Thou knowest what I want let us make it our business that no body may have any thing Sueton. The thirteenth Designe FJe 1 Calvin wilt thou shame thy self a man Of years and sense take on for a Trepan Because a seeming Friend * forswears a Trust The Gods whose Altars he prophanes are just And at this instant pour upon him all The plagues that on his head he wisht might fall Were but his breast transparent thou wouldst see His face is counterfeit as false as he He smiles when thousand Furies tear his heart And ev'n divinest objects make him start The God that shewes like 2 Jupiter to us To 3 him looks like three-headed 3 Cerberus He hears his sentence from the 4 Flamen's breath Takes him to be a 5 Judge of life and death He thinks thy hand is heav'd at whips and racks And that 6 rods circle-in the Popa's 7 axe If thou should'st study Ages for a curse Thou couldst not render his condition worse Yet lest Knaves should presume upon his score To slight the Gods which honest men adore He shall run on in mischief till he meet Deserved death and thou shalt live to see 't Figura Decima Tertia NOnnè pudet Te ridiculi Calvine 1 doloris Nullus hebescenti seris venit usus ab annis Vsqueadeò mirum est quod non Tibi reddat * Amicus Depositum justi quorum violaverit aras Perjurus Dii sunt ad dignas numina poenas Deposcunt sentit toties quas vovit Erinnys Ficta fenestrato simulatam pectore culpam Frons malè celaret facies non consona menti Occultum quatiente animo tortore flagellum Tu ridere putas trepidat simulacra Deorum Conscius inspiciens nostérque est Jupiter 2 illi Cerberus 3
deceiv'd by Jupiter in the shape of a Swan by whom she had two egges and Twins in both in the first Helen and Pollux in the other Castor and Clytemnestra These Brothers cleered the Laconick Sea of Pyrates and for that action were accounted Gods of the Sea and prayed unto by Marriners in a Tempest They went with the Argonauts to Colchos in which voyage Pollux killed Amycus King of the Bebrycians that would have intercepted him At their return to their Country they recovered their Sister Helen stoln by Theseus and in his absence took a City from him VVhen Castor died the Grecians as true historians as Lucian say that Pollux who as aforesaid was hatcht out of the same immortall Egge with Helen prayed to his Father Jupiter that he might divide his immortality with his Brother which suit being granted they both died and both revived This Fable was invented from those Stars the celestiall Twins called Castor and Pollux by the Greeks both rising and setting together Castor had a Temple in Rome where the great money-Masters kept their iron-barred Trunks when they durst no longer trust Mars with them Sat. 14. And what Chests lin'd with gold with iron bound Castor now watches some of this gold Castor had for guarding it though not very much as may be gathered by his coat of Plate beaten very thin Verse 185. In an Oxe-hide For many hundreds of years from the foundation of Rome there was no Law made against a Child for killing of his Father or Mother nor on the other part against Fathers and Mothers for murdering their Children Both Romulus and Solon forbore to make any such Law because they thought it impossible that such impiety should be committed and likewise because the prohibition might prove a provocation to the crime Cic. pro Sext. Rosc. The wickedness of after Ages inforced the legislative power to punish those unnatural Offenders in this manner The Murderer was sowed up in a leathern Sack with a Viper and so cast into the Sea Senec. lib. 5. Controv. 4. in fine But in Juvenal's time the Viper had the company of an Ape Sat. 8. For whom we should not as one Parracide One Ape One Serpent and One Sack provide Afterwards the circumstances of the punishment are thus described The Parricide having been whipt till he was cased in blood was sowed up in the Sack called Culeus together with a Dog a Cock a Serpent and an Ape Hern. Modest. Digest lib. 48. ad leg Pomp. de parric See Coel. Rhod. lib. 11. cap. 21. Verse 189. Gallicus Rutilius Gallicus the Praetor Vrbanus so favoured by Domitian Caesar that no Judge but he had any power at Court and all the business of the Forum and the Town was brought before him in his private house Verse 196. Meroe You may add to the description of Meroe in the Comment upon Sat. 6. That the Island-Nurses had breasts bigger then the Children that suckt them for which you have Juvenal's authority that lived in Aegypt Verse 102. The valiant Pygmey The Pygmeys are a People in the farthest parts of India Plin. l. 7. living in a healthfull aire and a Country where the whole Year is Spring time The tallest Pygmey is but three spans in height the ordinary sort only a cubit high from whence they derive their name of Pygmey 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifying a cubit Their Wives child every fifth year and at eight are old women Some say they ride upon Goats with darts in their hands In the Spring of the year the whole Nation marches to the Sea shore where in three moneths time they destroy the Egges and Chickens of their enemies the Cranes which otherwise would oppress them with multitude They build their houses of clay birds dung and feathers In Thrace they held the City of Getania till the Cranes took it and forced them to seek out a new Plantation Plin. lib. 4. cap. 11. So Stephan that sayes the Pygmeys had their name from Pygmaeus the Son of Dorus Nephew to Epaphus Olaus Magnus tells us they are found in the Northern parts of the world and by the Germans called Serelinger that is a pace long They are properly called Pumiliones or Dwarfs by Stat. lib. 1. Sylv. I should hardly have believed there could be such a People but that my Author sets not his mark upon them as part of an old Nurses tale which neither he would nor any learned or rationall man will doe when he finds them cleered from that scruple by Aristotle lib. 8. Animal where he calls them Troglodytes because they live in Caverns under ground placing them in Aethiopia Upon the River Ganges in the East Indies they have the City Catuzza Philost See Homer Pompon Gell. Their ridiculous shape you may find in Ctes. Verse 219. Chrysippus The Stoick whose Sect would not allow a man to have any passion as not agreeable to his rationality See the beginning of the Comment upon Sat. 2. Verse 220. Thales One of the seven Sages of Greece He was the first that taught his Country-men Geometrie Apulei By his constant study of nature he is said to have found out the distinctions of time the quarters of the wind the diameter of the Sun to be the 720 th part of his Circle the motions of the Stars the cause of Eclipses and of the dreadfull sound of Thunder the obliquity of the Zodiack the five Circles or Zones of the Celestial Sphear and the Suns annuall return His profession was Merchandize Plut. He departed this life in the first year of the 58 Olympiad Pausanias Erxyclides being Archon dying as he sate at the Olympick Games quite spent with heat and thirst which at 87 or 90 years of age might easily overcome his weak spirits Verse 221. The good old man Socrates Neighbour to sweet Hymettus a Mountain in Attica abounding with Bees and excellent sweet honey Stephan Suid. He being falsely condemned as in the beginning of the Comment upon Sat. 2. was so far from desiring to be revenged of his Accusers or Judges that he would not suffer Lysias the Orator to plead in his defence Cic. in Cat. Major Socrates professed no man could hurt him because no man can be hurt by any but himself and in Plato he proves the doer of an injury to be more miserable then the sufferer No change of fortune could make him change his contenance which was the same even when he drank his poyson Verse 225. Happy Philosophy Which armed Chrysippus Thales and Socrates against the injury of man and power of fortune Verse 233. Caeditius A Judge under the Emperor Vitellius so cruel that he is compared to Rhadamanth one of the Judges of Hell Verse 237. A Spartan Glaucus Son to Epicidides of Lacedaemon He had so great a name for a just dealer that a Milesian told him he was desirous to enjoy the benefit of his justice and therefore having sold half his Estate he came to deposite the money in his hands After the
own flesh to teare What Man what God but such might hold excus'd As this sad weight of wretched fortune bruis'd To whom their very Ghosts might pardon give On whose dead bodies they were forc'd to live We better precepts have from ZENO won He does not hold all must for life be done This doctrine whence should Biscain Stoicks raise Besieg'd by old METELLUS in our dayes We see the Greek and Roman Athens spread Through th' Earth by th' eloquent French Nation bred Britains grow Lawyers so will Thule doe They talk of hiring Rhetoricians too But this brave people and the Saguntine They that alike in faith and honour shine But greater in the number of their dead Their just excuse necessity may plead Maeotis with lesse rage the world affrights Then Aegypt for the bloody Taurick rites She that ordain'd now trust a Poets Pen Only requir'd a sacrifice of Men But the poor wretch that was to loose his life Fear'd nothing there more barb'rous then the knife What accident what siege or famine held That Aegypt to such monstrous things compel'd For which me thinks their Memphian Nile should grow Into a rage and cease to overflow The horrid Cimbrian Briton Agathyrse Nor wild Sarmatian knows a rage so fierce As this effeminate useless rout that floats Row'd with short oars in painted earthen boats To suit their crime you can no pennance frame In whose minds wrath and hunger are the same The softest hearts kind Nature it appears Gave to us men because she gave us tears Our senses noblest part our grief commands For our sad friend or when a Pris'ner stands In mournings at the Barre for cosening sleights When to the Court his Guardians th' Orphane cites Whose tresse-like hair and eyes still dropping pearl Makes us doubt whether he 's a Boy or Girle Nature commands our tears when in the street A marriageable Virgin 's corpse we meet Or when a Child his death annex'd to 's birth Too little for the fire is clos'd in earth What good man that mysterious lights may use Such as you would the Priest of CERES chuse But thinks another's miseries are his From the dumb Herd we diff'renc'd are by this Profounder knowledge therefore only springs In us made capable of heav'nly things To learn and practice Arts 't is we have pow'r Deriving sense from the Celestiall Tow'r Which creatures that to earth look downward want To them the world 's great Architect did grant Life only life and soul to us he gave That mutuall love might succour give and crave Collect into a People men dispers'd Leave hollow trees where mankind first convers'd Build houses joyn to ours anothers Lares Sleep safe confiding in our neighbours cares Protect our brother stagg'ring with his wound Or faln charge at the trumpet's common sound Defend our selves with the same Works and Forts And be with one key lockt within the Ports But now at farre more concord Serpents are The Panther yet his spotted kind will spare A Lion's blood what stronger Lion spills A Boar what Boar whose tusks are sharper kills The Indian Tigresses firme peace enjoy No curst Bears one another will destroy But Man when on the wicked Anvill laid He fatall Iron malleable made Rakes Hooks and Plowshares would not him content Till the more skilfull Smith did Swords invent We see men that unsatisfied remain With killing men unless they eat the slain To these foul Monsters what would he not say Or to what place would he not flye away If now PYTHAGORAS their diet view'd That of all creatures heav'n with life endu'd Ev'n as a man did th'eating disavow Nor to his belly would all puls allow The Comment UPON THE FIFTEENTH SATYR VErse 1. Bithynicus Volusius Bithynicus to whom Juvenal addresses this Divine Satyr Verse 3. Crocodile A Serpent of the River Nilus that from an egge no bigger then a Goose-egge grows to be above two and twenty cubits long which no other creature does that is at first so little The Aegyptians know how high the River Nilus will rise that year by the place where this egge is hatcht He is armed with impenetrable scales In the day time he lives upon the land in the night upon the water When his belly is full of fish he lies down upon the shore with his mouth open a little bird there called Trochilos in Italy the King of birds first picks his teeth then tickles his gummes in which pleasure he falls a sleep And the Ichneumon a kind of Rat running down his throat like an arrow shot into his Bowels gnawes asunder his womb which is the only tender part about him Upon the River of Nilus there is a People called Tentyrites which mortally hate this Serpent that is terrible to those that flye from him but flyes from those that pursue him which only these men dare doe He is said to be purblind in the water and quick-sighted on the land Some affirme that of all creatures he only grows as long as he lives and lives to be very old Plin. lib. 8. cap. 25. Verse 4. Ibis The Aegyptians pray to the Ibes against the coming of Serpents Plin. lib. 10. cap. 28. The Ibis is a filthy bird See Ovid. in Ib. It is somewhat like a Stork but those of Pelusium are all black in other places they are all white Plin. lib. 10. cap. 30. Ipsi qui irridentur Aegyptii c. Even the ridiculous Aegyptians worship no Monster but for some good it doth them as the Ibes that kills a vast number of Serpents being a strong great bird with stiffe thighs and a horney beak They preserve Aegypt from the plague by watching and killing the flying Serpents which the Southwest wind brings out of the Libyan Desarts whereby they neither doe hurt when alive by biting nor by their stink when they are dead Cic. de Nat. Deor. Verse 5. Half-Memnon In the Temple of Serapis at Thebes in Aegypt some think the Colossus or Statue of Memnon to have been dedicated which at the rising of the Sun touched with his beams is said to sound like musick Plin lib. 36. cap. 7. Germanicus saw the Statue of Memnon which being struck with the raies of the Sun sounded like the voice of a man Tac. Ann. lib. 2. cap. 15. This vocall Statue was erected about the year of the Julian Period 3106.1080 years after when Cambyses ruined the hundred gated City of Thebes he caused the Statue to be broken about the middle of the breast imagining the sound to be a product of the Mechanicks effected by springs and wheels within but none were found From this time the Musick was thought to be magicall for neither cause nor Author appeared yet still the Colossus yielded the same sound The remaining part of this wonder of the world was seen by Strabo that sayes both he and others heard the vocall marble about one in the afternoon See Strab. lib. 7. Pausan Attic. Philostrat in vit Apol. Verse 6. Thebes The most
ancient City of Aegypt built as some say by Bacchus as others affirm by Busyris and once so called Diodor. Cic. and Herodot that sayes it was in compass a hundred and fourty furlongs and therefore named Hecatompylos Verse 7. Long-tail'd Monkey A kind of Monkey which the Aegyptians worshipped for a God This Monkey the Cercopithecus had a black head and hair upon all the rest of the body like Asses hair Plin. lib. 8. cap. 21. Verse 9. The Hound Anubis Son to Isis and Osiris He gave the Hound for his Armes or the impress of his Shield and therefore was adored in the shape of a Hound This made Aegypt so superstitious that if a Dog dyed in any house the whole family shaved themselves which was their greatest expression of mourning But Juvenal derides them that worship the Hound and not the Goddess of hunting Diana Of terrestriall creatures the Aegyptians in generall only worshipped three the Bull or Cow the Dog and Cat. Of water-animals two the Lepidot and Oxyrinth Strab. Some particular places as the Saitae and Thebans adored Sheep the Latopolitanes the broad Fish the Lycopolitanes the Wolf Kid and Goat the Mendesians the Mouse and the Athribites the Spider Strab. lib. 17. Verse 11. A Leek or Onion Wherein they conceived there must needs be a Divinity because they crost the influences of the Moon decreasing when she increased and growing when she wained Plin. Verse 15. Sheep The Aegyptian Priests eat only Veal and Goose but altogether abstained from Lamb and Mutton Diodor. lib. 2. Verse 18. Alcinous King of the Phaeacks whose Daughter Nausicae found Vlysses amongst the bushes as in the end of the Comment upon Sat. 9. and brought him to her father where at Supper he discoursed his voyage and told how Polyphemus and Antiphates eat up his Mates which inhumane crueltie in my Author's opinion must needs be thought so incredible and ridiculous a lie to the soberer sort of Phaeacks that he wonders some of them killed him not for abusing them with impossibilities viz. that men should eat men all the rest of his Mandevilian adventures as that Scylla and Carybdis set their Dogs at him That the Cyan rocks on either side of the Thracian Bosphorus met and joyned together That Neptune gave him bladders filled with wind that Circe turned his men into Hogs he thinks might be easier believed or past by as pardonable fictions But that one man should kill and eat another what sober man can credit Verse 30. Corcyraean wine The excellent strong wine of Corcyra anciently Phaeacia Plin. now Corfu and so called by Cicero Famil Epist. 9. Verse 33. Junius To prove the matter of fact in this sad relation as if he were to prove a Law he names the Consul Junius Sabinus Collegue with Domitian Caesar at the time when his Minion Paris the Player got a Commission for Juvenal to have a Regiment of Foot at Pentapolis in Aegypt where that barbarous crueltie was acted Verse 34. Coptus A Metropolitan City of Aegypt Ptol. Plut. Strab. a Haven common to the Aegyptians and Arabians inclining towards the red Sea neer to the Emerald-Mines Over this Town the Sun at noon day is almost in his verticall point Verse 37. Pyrrha Wife to Deucalion See the Comment upon Sat. 1. From her time Juvenal bids us summe up all Tragick Examples as that of Atreus feasting his brother Thyestes with his own Sons Medea killing her Children Orestes his Mother as aforesaid and we shall finde no parallel to this bloody banquet For those horrid crimes were only committed by single persons this by the joynt consent of a multitude Verse 39. Immortal hatred Religion is a religando from binding the minds of men in the strictest of all bonds and undoubtedly diversity of Religion makes the saddest difference between man and man Upon this maxim the wisest of the Kings of Aegypt grounded his policy for assigning severall Gods to the severall People of his Kingdome that so they might never agree amongst themselves to rebell against their Prince Diodor. Verse 40. Tentyrites The Inhabitants of the City of Tentyris or Tentyra in Aegypt Plin. Ptol. Strab. Steph. They hate the Crocodile and are terrible to him as in his precedent description The Deity they worship is the Ibis a bird that kills the Crocodile as aforesaid Verse 40. Ombites Ombus or Ombri a Town in Aegypt Ptol. that adored the Crocodile By the description of John Leo. it seems to be that which is now Chana Undoubtedly the Transcriber of Juvenal when he should have writ adhuc Ombos writ the c twice over and made it adhuc Combos Abra. Ortel which mistake together with an infinite number of grosser errours is rectified in the Louvre-copie followed by me in this Edition Verse 51. Know I. This knowledge of the Author makes very much for the Argument of his next and last Satyr writ when he was banished into Aegypt under the name of an honourable Commander a Colonel of Foot Verse 52. Lew'd Canopus Of the infinite Lewdness of this Town See the Comment upon Sat. 6. Verse 55. Poor unguents So their wine were generous the Ombites cared not what poor unguents they made use of which in other parts of Aegypt were most pretious Plin. Verse 56. Negro-Pipers The Towns of Ombus and Tentyris were upon the borders of Arabia and common to the Arabian Aethiops some of which were the Pipers at this lamentable feast of the Ombites Verse 73. Ajax or Turnus Men of more strength then any were in Juvenal's time as appears by the weight of the stones which they lifted and threw at their enemies Ajax in his combat with Hector Iliad 6. 7. Diomedes in his combat with Aeneas Iliad lib. 6. that had the luck on 't for Turnus likewise struck him down with a stone Aeneid lib. 12. Nec plura effatus saxum circumspicit ingens Without more words he spies a mighty stone Hom. ibid. sayes that Diomedes took up such a weight as in his time fourteen young men could hardly wag Verse 77. Homer The most incomparable Greek Poet. He flourished eightscore years before Rome was built Cor. Nep. He was blind and therefore surnamed Homer for so the Ionians call a blind man that wants a guide being formerly known by the name of Melesigenes as born neer to the River Meles which runs by the walls of Smyrna Philost and Strab. The place of his nativity is made doubtfull by many Cities every one of them claiming him for a Native after his death whereas in his life time none of all these Towns would relieve his wants or own him The Colophonians say he was a Citizen of theirs the Chians challenge him the Salaminians will have him the Smyrnians so far avow him that in their City they have dedicated a Temple to him many other Cities clash and contend about him Cic. in his Orat. pro Poet. Archia He writ two Works one of the Trojan war which he calls his Ilias the other
Court in Athens vid. Areopagus Marsians from whence derived 102. where their Country lay 481 Marsus Son to Circe 102 Marsyas flead alive 320 Massa a Court-spie 24.25 Matho 254 Matronalia the female feasts 321 Maura 372 Medêa 219. her Romançe ib. 220. Diogenes his judgement of her ibid. Medusa 420. why it was said that her head turned men into stones 421 Megasthenes General of the Chalcidians 90 Meleager P. of Calydonia 147. his story ibid. what his brand signified 148 Melita vid. Malta Memnon's Colossus or vocall Statue 502. touched with the Sun's beams sounded like Musick ib. like the voice of a man ibid. when built ib. when why and by whom broken ibid. Menelaus builds the City of Canopus 195 Menaecâ—us 483. why he slew himself ibid. Mentor an excellent Graver 296. what two Bolls of his work cost ib. Meroe the Isle described 213. the City Meroe built ib. how the Islanders spend their time ib. their Nurses breasts bigger then the Children that suck them 450 Messalina 197. her Night-walk ib. her second marriage in her Husband's life time 384. her designe to make her peace prevented ib. she wants courage to kill her self 385. a Tribune executes her ibid. Metella debauched by Clodius 57 Metellus vid. L. Q. Metellus Micipsa 145 Milo adopted by T. Annius 55. kills Clodius ib. why Cicero meant to speak for him 56. what he said when Tully's Oration came to his hand ibid. Milo the Crotonian his incredible strength 352. ruined by trusting to it ibid. Minerva Enyo and Pallas vid. Bellona Minturnians 306 Mirmillo vid. Secutor Mithridates K. of Pontus 223. his strength of body and brain how many severall languages he spake ib. his success against the Romans ib. 224. his three Overthrows why he would have poysoned himself but could not ib. he assists his murderer ibid. his nearest relations slain by him ibid. Modia 99 Montanus vid. Curtius Montanus Moses 477 Mucius a great Knave but a poor man 32. baited by Lucilius in his Satyrs ibid. Mushromes best in Libya 148. when gathered for use ibid. Mutius Scaevola vows to kill K. Porsenna 309. mistakes ibid. burns off his own hand ib. Myron a Statuary 296. his Heifer ib. Myrtle why forbidden at the feast of the Good Goddess 60 Sentences in M. Fol. 277. verse 123. 'T is madnesse after all to cast away The ferry Money that should Charon pay Fol. 336. verse 113. those that would Act no foule Mischiefe doe yet wish they could Fol. 434. verse 153. With much more tumult and a deeper groan Our Moneys then our fun'rals we bemoan Fol. 424. ver 158. Lost Money is bewail'd with tears unfain'd Fol. 464. verse 155. down full mouth'd bags whil'st money flowes Like money's self the love of Money growes Nay he lesse covets it that hath it not Fol. 472. verse 349. Goods got hardly with more feare and care Are kept so wretched Money-hoorders are Fol. 164. verse 248. can a Mother of the Trade Chaste thoughts or other then her own imprint N. NAbathaea why so called 408 Narcissus Freedman and Favourite to Claudius Caesar 149. how Messalina frighted him with her two Husbands 384. he makes the Emperor be told of it ib. is created Captain of the Life-guard for a day ib. sends a Tribune to take off Messalina's head 385. he and his brother Freedmen hold a Councell about a second Wife for Claudius 149. he carries it for Agrippina ib. Nausicae finds Vlysses naked 328 Negro-Pipers 506 Mephele Stepmother to Phryxus Helle 18 Nero Scholar to Seneca 302. his cruelty to his nearest Relations ib. 303. his burning of Rome ib. his malice to the Publick 425 Nero's Uncle vid. C. Caesar Caligula Nestor his parentage and birth 373. his actings in his youth ib. joyns with the Greeks against the Trojans when he had lived to the third age of man ib. what three ages were in Juvenal's account ib. Agamemnon's opinion of Nestor's wisdome ib. his elocution ib. his Wife and Children ibid. Nile described 195 Niphates 208. why so named 209 Nobility what it is in the judgements of Seneca and Cicero 289 Novius 424 Numa Pompilius second King of Rome 92. a short view of his reign and Acts ib. how he disposed of his body by his last Will ib. ordered that his books should be burned ib. Numantia holds out a Siege bravely 290. perishes nobly ibid. Numantians Roman Commanders at the Siege of Numantia ibid. Numitor a complementall Friend to Poets 248 Numitor King of Alba 248. deposed by his Brother ib. restored by his Grand Children Romulus and Remus ibid. Nurtia Goddess of Tuscany 359 Sentences in N. Fol. 42. verse 100. None ever was stark naught at first Fol. 348. verse 359. Nature can doe more then breeding can Or Tutors Fol. 473. ver 371. Nature ne're asks this thing and Wisedome that O. OEdipus 243. his History ib. 244 Oeneus K. of Calidonia 147 Oenomaus K. of Elis Father to Hippodame 18 Oericulana Mother to K. Serv. Tullius 307 Old-age described 341.342.343.344 Olympiads the Greek Aera or account of years 447. in what year of the Julian Period they began ibid. Olympick Games vid. Games Ombites adore the Crocodile 505. Ombus why written Combus in other copies of Juvenal ibid. Omen from whence derived 423 Oppia 372 Oracles silenced 215 Orcades taken by Claudius Caesar 70 Orestes a Tragedy 15. his Parents ibid. his Life and death 15.16 Orodes 361 Orontes a Caelesyrian River 96 Osiris marries Io by the name of Isis 211. is murdered by his Brother 214. his body found ib. they worship him in the shape of a Bull which they call Apis ibid. his Offering ib. he is supposed to be Joseph 291 Ostia now Hostia 301 Otho his princely descent 60. how he came to be Emperor ib. Otho vid. L. Roscius Otho P. PAccius 424 Pacuvius 424 Palaemon vid. Remmius Palaemon Pallas a rich Freed-man 30. how he got his estate and honours ib. Pansa 294 Papinius Statius nobly born 248. his workes ibid. reads his Poem with great applause 331. yet was miserable poor ib. Parcae the Destinies 95. their ternary number explaned ib. Paris son to Priam 374. his business in Greece ibid. his stealing of Helen cause of the ingagement against Troy ibid. Paris the Player 196. why put to death ibid. his Satyrick commendations by Juvenal ib. how he returned the Satyr ib. his bounty to his old Masters the Poets 249. his Mistresses ibid. Parrhasius incomparable for giving the last hand to a Picture 295. why Zeuxes yeilded to him ibid. Parthenius a rare Graver 422 Patricians 216 Paulus Aemilius Consul 68. slain at Cannae ib. derived from Mamercus Son to Pythagoras 291 Pausanias Erxyclides 452 Peacocks flesh never putrefies 32. who brought it in request at feasts ib. Peacocks compared to Poets 245.246 Pedo 254 Pegasus Praefect of Rome 122 Peleus Father to Achilles 482 Pelion 262 Pelopea Mother to Aegisthus 250 Penelope constant to her Lord 59. her artifice to stave off Suitors ib. Pentheus why killed