latter was chosen Generalissimo and partly to assure him of his readiness to make a joint War with him as also to assist him in driving the Greeks out of the King's Territories Otherwise he envied Tissaphernes his Command of General and resented it very ill for that he had been deprived of the Province of Aeolis After he had heard his Proposals Tissaphernes-said to him First pass with me into Caria and then we will advise about these things when they arrived there it was thought convenient to place strong Garisons in the walled Towns and then to return into Ionia As soon as Dercyllidas heard they had repassed the Maeander he informed Pharax that he feared Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus would over-run and ravage the Countrey which was defenseless whereupon he passed the Maeander too The Greeks marched with their Troops in no good Order because the Enemy had entred the Countrey about Ephesus before them where on a suddain they discovered the Lacedemonians from the opposite Watch-Towers on the Monuments On the other hand the Greeks sent some up into the Monuments and Towers which they were possessed of and espyed the Enemy drawn up in Battalia in the way they were to march being the Carians with their white Bucklers and the Persians that were there together with all the Greek Troops that both of them had and a vast Body of Horse Tissaphernes having the right Wing and Pharnabazus the left When Dercyllidas perceived this he ordered the Commanders of the Heavy-armed men and Captains instantly to draw up eight deep and place the Targetiers and Horse in both Wings whilst he in the mean time sacrificed The Peloponnesians made a stand and prepared for a Charge but the Prienians Achilleans Islanders and those of the Ionian Towns threw down their Arms in the Corn which was thick in the Vale of Maeander and those that stood their Ground made shew as if they would not long maintain it The report was that Pharnabazus advised to come to a Battel but Tissaphernes recollecting after what manner Cyrus his Army had received him and imagining all Greeks were like those refused to engage and sent to Dercyllidas acquainting him that he would come and have a Conference with him Dercyllidas taking the goodliest Persons both of his Horse and Foot went forth to the Deputies and thus accosted them I had indeed prepared for Battel as you see yet since Tissaphernes desires a Parly I won't oppose it though if there be a Conference there must be Pledges and Hostages exchanged on both sides When this was agreed upon the Armies marcht off the Barbarians to Tralles in Phrygia and the Greeks to Leucophrys where there is a Temple of Diana held in great Veneration and a Pool above a Furlong in Circumference somewhat Sandy being fed with a Spring whose Water is both potable and warm And this was that days Transaction The day following they came to the Place appointed and there determined to understand from each other upon what Terms they should make a Peace Dercyllidas proposed that the King of Persia should restore the Greek Towns to their Liberty On the contrary Tissaphernes insisted to have the Greek Army drawn out of the King's Territories and the Lacedemoian Governours out of the Greek Towns. At this Conference they made a Truce till such time as Dercyllidas had sent the Proposals to Lacedemon and Tissaphernes to the King. Whilst Dercyllidas was setling Affairs in Asia the Lacedemonians being formerly prvooked by the Eleans the Ephori and whole Assembly resolved to humble them because they had made an Alliance with the Athenians Argives and Mantineans and drove them from the Horse-races and * They were five leaping running Quoits fighting at Whorle-bats and Wrestling P. Fab. Agon Gymnick Games pretending the Lacedemonians were condemned in a Fine to them nor yet being satisfied with this had whipt †Thucyd. lib. 5. Lichas an ancient man and thrown him out of the Foot-race because he had delivered the Chariot to the Thebans and attempted to crown them with Garlands after they had been declared Victors by the Cryers and because they had opposed Agis in making of Vows for the Success of the War though he went by the direction of the Oracle to sacrifice to Jupiter and obliged him to depart without sacrificing affirming it was against an ancient Custom for Greeks to consult Oracles when they made War against Greeks Thereupon they sent Ambassadors to Elis and declared that the Lacedemonian Magistrates thought it equitable that they should restore the adjacent Cities to their Liberty The Eleans made Answer War with the Eleans That they should not comply with them herein for that they had acquired those Towns by the Sword upon that the Ephori ordered an Army to be raised which Agis commanded and fell with it into the Eleans Territory by the way of Achaia near Larissa When the Army had newly entred the Enemie's Countrey and were destroying it there hapned an Earthquake which Agis imagining to be from Heaven marched out of their Territories and disbanded his Army Hereby the Eleans were animated and sent Ambassadors to those Cities they understood were disaffected to the Lacedemonians When this Year was elaps'd Ithycles Archon the Ephori ordered Agis to be sent with another Army against Elis the Athenians too with the rest of the Confederates except the Baeotians and Corinthians joyned him After Agis had entred the Elean's Countrey through Aulon the Lepreans forthwith revolted from them and joyned him and a while after the Macistians as also their Neighbours the Epitalians When he had passed the River Alpheus the Letrians Amphidolians and Marganeans came over to him then he went to Olympia and sacrificed to Jupiter Olympius nor did any presume to hinder him After he had sacrificed he marched to the City Olympia destroying and burning the Countrey and carried off abundance of Cattel and Prisoners Insomuch that several of the Arcadians and Achaeans hearing of it went voluntarily into the Army and partook of the Spoil this Campagne being like an Harvest to Peloponesus When he came to the City he destroyed the Suburbs and the School which was a fair Structure As for the City it being unwalled 't was thought he rather would not than that he could not take it The Countrey being thus laid wast and the Army in the Neighbourhood of Cyllene Xenias his Complices according to the Proverb Spoken Hyperbolically of those that expect more than ordinary advantage Erasm Adag Chil. 2. Cent. 10. measuring their Father's Money by the Bushel intended by their own Power to deliver up their Countrey to the Lacedemonians and rushing out of an House with their Swords made a Slaughter killing one amongst the rest that was like Thrasydaeus the Peoples Patron and thought they had killed Thrasidaeus indeed so that the People being in a great Consternation remained quiet The Murderers imagining they had done their Business went with their Complices to the Market-place with
the Form of a Province Pausanias had his Camp on the Right in a Place called Halipedum and Lysander with the Mercenaries on the left Pausanias sent a Message to those in the Piraeus commanding them to depart to their respective homes but they regarded him not So he made an attack to stop the Lacedemonians Mouths lest he should seem to favour the Enemy After the Assault he drew off without having effected any thing and taking with him two Battalions of Lacedemonians with three Troops of Athenian Horse he marcht to Port Cophus to view where he might open his Trenches against the Piraeus with the greatest conveniency As he retired some fell upon his Rear and created him some trouble which provoked him to that degree that he commanded his Horse to charge with full speed as also those that were ten years past man's estate to second them and followed with the rest himself They killed about thirty Light-armed men and received the rest into the Theater in the Piraeus whereall the Targetiers and Heavy-armed men were arming themselves whereupon the Light-armed men instantly sallied out darting their Javelins throwing shooting and slinging The Lacedemonians having several of their men wounded and being prest hard retreated gently upon that the Enemy followed them the closer There were killed Chaero and Thibrachus both Colonels with Leucrates that had won the * He was placed before the King in battel Prize in the Olympick Games and others of the Lacedemonians that were buried before the Gates in the Ceramicus When Thrasybulus and the other Heavy-armed men observed this they went with Succors and drew up immediately before the rest eight deep Pausanias being prest hard and retreating about four or five Furlongs to a certain Hill commanded the Lacedemonians and Allies to march up to him There he marshalled his Battalion a great depth and charged the Athenians who closed with him some of which were afterwards driven into the Clay by Halae the rest put to flight and about an hundred and fifty of them slain Pausanias erected a Trophy and marched off Notwithstanding all this he was not so much irritated against the Athenians but that he sent a private Message for them to dispatch Ambassadors to him and the Ephori that were there informing them what they should say They did as Pausanias directed who raised Divisions amongst the People in the City and ordered them to come to him and the Ephori in a Body and declare that there was no ground for making a War against those in the Piraeus that both Parties ought to come to an Accommodation and enter into an Alliance with the Lacedemonians Nauclidas the Ephorus was well pleased to hear this he and another being there at that time according to the custom that obliges two of the Ephori to attend the King in his Expeditions who both were more inclined to favor Pausanias than Lysander Whereupon they sent Deputies very willingly from the Piraeus with Conditions of Peace as also Cephisophon and Melitus who went out of the City upon their own private account When they were dispatcht thither several others went from the Body of the City to acquaint the Lacedemonians that they surrendred themselves and City upon discretion and that they thought it reasonable if those of the Piraeus declared themselves to be Allies of the Lacedemonians that they also ought to deliver up the Piraeus and Munichia After they had their Audience the Ephori and the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Assembly of all the Lacedemonians opposed to the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which consisted of the Magistrares and deliberated about matters of less consequence Craglas General Assembly dispatcht fifteen men to Athens that they and Pausanias should joyntly make Peace with the Athenians upon the fairest terms they could A Peace was made upon these Conditions that the Athenians should agree together and that every man should return to his former Station only the Thirty the Eleven and the Ten that Commanded in the Piraeus were to be excepted and if any in the City apprehended themselves to be obnoxious they might remove to Eleusis Pausanias having transacted these Affairs drew off his Army Those in the Piraeus marcht up with their Arms to the Arsenal and sacrificed to Minerva After the Commanders returned from thence Thrasybulus made this Speech to them Thrasibulus's Speech My Advice to you Dear Countreymen that staid in the City is that you would learn to know your selves and that you 'll be able best to do if you would recollect what reason you have either to have so great a conceit of your selves or to usurp over us 'T is not because you are honester than we for the People of meaner Fortunes than your selves have at no time injured you for money though you that are of such plentiful Estates have done several sordid things for base Gain Since therefore you have no pretence to Honesty see if you have any reason to be proud of your Valour And how can we make a better estimate of that than from the late Action betwixt us Perhaps because you are supported by Garisons Men Money and the Alliance of the Peloponesians you 'll pretend to a greater share of Prudence than we Nevertheless you have been over-reacht by them that were destitute of all these Helps Do you think you may value your selves upon your dependance on the Lacedemonians How can you do that for they have delivered you up to the People you opprest and are gone their way 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was a kind of a pair of Stocks that they tied the Neck and Hands of Malefactors lib. 3. Hellen. Like those that muzzle biting Dogs and then leave them to the mercy of those they have mischieved neither do I Dear Countreymen require you to violate your Oath in the least but I perswade you rather amongst your other Virtues to show how religiously you can keep it and what men of Integrity you are Having said this and more to the same purpose He told them that they needed not be in that confusion they were provided they would be governed by their Ancient Laws and so dismissed the Assembly Accordingly they chose Magistrates to administer the Government A little after understanding that those of Eleusis were bringing in a Foreign Power they went against them with their whole Strength and taking their Commanders that came to treat cut them in pieces They sent also the Friends and Relations of the rest to them and perswaded them to an Accommodation Then the People swearing to forget all former Injuries kept their Oath and still live peaceably together XENOPHON's History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB III. THE CONTENTS The Heroick Mania succeeds her Husband in his Province and is barbarously murdered by Zenis her Son in Law. Agis dies and Agesilaus succeeds him Cinado's Plot. Agesilau's Expedition into Asia The War breaks out between the Thebans and Lacedemonians Lysander is slain before the Walls of
eight days consulted how he might not be troublesome to the Allies as Thimbro was by wintring in a Friend's Countrey and how Pharnabazus might not in defiance of him infest the Greek Towns with his Horse Thereupon he sent to him and demanded whether he would have Peace or War. Pharnabazus confidering that Aeolis lay as a Bulwark against Phrygia his own Province accepted a Truce and when it was concluded Dercyllidas went to Bithynica Thracia where he had his Winter Quarters which Pharnabazus was not much concerned at because the Bithynians had several times made War upon him Here Dercyllidas ravaged and spoiled the Countrey with great security and procured plenty of Provisions Afterwards when some Auxiliaries sent by Seuthes being about two hundred Odrysian Horse and three hundred Targetiers arrived from the other side of the Water they encamped and fortified themselves about twenty Furlongs from the Greeks and demanded of Dercyllidas a Guard of Heavy-armed men for their Camp and going out to forage took a great many Slaves and much Spoil Their Camp being now full of Prisoners and the Bithynians having Intelligence how many of the Greeks went out and what number of them staid behind to defend it assembled a strong Body of their Forces together both Targetiers and Horse and about day fell upon their Heavy-armed men being near two hundred As they advanced they threw their Lances and darted their Javelins when the Greeks saw themselves wounded and killed not being able to do any thing for that they were shut up within a Rampart of a man's height they broke it down and sallied out upon them But the Bithynians being Targetiers retreated wherever they were charged and easily avoided the Heavy-armed Greeks then they galled them on all sides with their Darts and laid in every effort several of them dead on the Ground At last they were cooped up as it were in a Pen and cut all in pieces except fifteen that escaped to the Greeks Camp who as soon as they perceived the Enemie's Design escaped immediately in the Skirmish undiscoveted by the Bithynians The Bithynians having performed this Action expeditiously and killed several of those Odrysian Thracians that guarded the Tents recovered all their Prisoners and departed So that the Greeks having Intelligence and coming with Succours found nothing in the Camp but the naked Carkasses The Odrysians after they returned buried their dead drinking good store of Wine over them and celebrated Horse-races and at last joyning the Grecian Army they harassed and burned Bithynia In the beginning of the Spring Aristocrates Archon Dercyllidas left the Bithynians and marcht to Lampsacus whilst he was here there came to him Aracus Navates and Antisthenes sent by the Magistrates at home who amongst other things were to inspect how Affairs stood in Asia and to acquaint Dercyllidas that he was to continue in his Command the following Year that the Ephori commanded them to call the Soldiers together and inform them that they blamed them for their former Actions but in that they had done no Injuries of late they commended them and to let them know that for the future if they did any Mischief it would not be endured but if they carried themselves justly to the Allies they should be praised After they had assembled the Soldiers together and spoke thus to them the General of Cyrus's Troops made Answer We My Lords are the same men now that we were last year but our General is another sort of a Person than the former was from which you may easily apprehend the reason why we don't offend now as we did before The Commissioners from home being received in the same Tent with Dercyllidas one of Aracus's Retinue informed them that they left the Deputies from the Chersonites at Lacedemon who reported that the Chersonese could not be manured for that they were plundered and spoyled by the Thracians unless a Wall were built from Sea to Sea and then they might not only have a large and fertile Countrey for themselves but for as many of the Lacedemonians as would to plant Declaring they wondred some Lacedemonians had not been sent by the Republick already with Forces to effect it Dercyllidas hearing this did not discover his own Opinion but dismissed them from Ephesus to go and visit the Greek Towns being pleased for that they would find them in a peaceable and flourishing Condition So the Commissioners departed and Dercyllidas knowing he was continued in Command sent again to Pharnabazus and demanded of him whether he would have Peace as he had the former Winter or War. Pharnabazus chose Truce so Dercyllidas leaving the Confederate Towns in the Neighbourhood in Peace passed the Hellespont with his Army into Europe marching through that part of Thrace which was in Amity with them where he was entertained by Seuthes and arrived at the Chersonese When he understood that there were eleven or twelve Towns in it and that it was a very fruitful and rich Countrey but reported to be infested by the Thracians he surveyed it and finding the Istmus to be thirty seven Furlongs over he without any more delay sacrificed and walled it in dividing the space amongst the Soldiers into several Parts and promised Rewards to them that finished theirs first and to the rest according to the proportion of their merit So the Wall that he began in the Spring he finished before Autumn and inclosed within it eleven Cities several Ports abundance of good arable Land a great quantity of which was sowed as also large and rich Pastures stored with all sorts of Cattel After he had performed this he repassed into Asia and visited the Towns there which he found were all in a good condition save only that the Exiles of Chios had siezed upon Atarna a strong Place and made Excursions thence supporting themselves by ravaging and destroying Ionia He hearing that there was store of Provision in the place sat down before it and besieged it forcing the Townsmen within eight Months to surrender He constituted Draco the Pellenian Governour of the Place and having stored it plentifully with all sorts of Provisions that he might have a Place of Reception whenever he came thither 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 he marcht to Ephesus which is three days Journey distant from Sardes Till this time Tissaphernes and Dercyllidas as also the Greeks and Barbarians in those Parts were at Peace but after there went Ambassadors from the Greek Towns to Lacedemon and reported that Tissaphernes had power if he would to restore the Greek Cities their own Laws and that he would soon be obliged to grant them their Liberty if they did but harass the Province of Caria 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 his Residence The Ephori being informed hereof sent Dercyllidas Orders to fall into Caria with the Army and Pharax the Admiral to coast along with the Fleet. They both observed their Orders It hapned about this time that Pharnabazus came to Tissaphernes partly because the
Expedition against them Agesilaus led the Army who burnt their Countrey and passing directly from thence to Corinth by the way of Tegea took the Walls which the Athenians had rebuilt At the same time his Brother Teleutias attended him by Sea with twelve Gallies So that their Mother might deservedly esteem her self the most happy Woman living for that the same day she beheld the successful Arms of one of her Sons against the Enemies Towns and Castels at Land and of the others against their Fleets and Shipyards at Sea. Agesilaus having atchieved this disbanded the Confederates and led his own Forces home Afterwards the Lacedemonians learning from the Exiles of Corinth how Affairs stood there Olymp. 97. Philocles Archon that they had all their Cattle in the City which they kept in the Piraeum whereby a great many subsisted made another Expedition against Corinth under the Conduct of Agesilaus He marched first to the Isthmus the same Month wherein the Games were celebrated there the Argives were sacificing to Neptune as though Argos and Corinth had been both the same but when they heard of Agesilaus's coming they left their Sacrifices and Preparations they had made for Feasting and retired in confusion to the City the way that leads to Cenchreae Agesilaus though they were in view did not pursue them but abode in the Temple and offered to Neptune remaining there till the Corinthian Exiles had sacrificed and celebrated the Games After his Departure the Argives renewed the Isthmian Sports so that this year every Prize was twice won and the Champions were twice declared Victors The fourth day Agesilaus led his Army to the Piraeum but when he saw it was defended by a strong Garison he marched back again to the City after Dinner making as if it were to be surrendred to him whereupon the Corinthians fearing it might be delivered up to him indeed sent for Iphicrates and the greatest part of the Targetiers But Agesilaus when he discovered that they were passed by in the Night marcht back again by break of day towards the Piraeum and took his way by the Bath commanding the Regiment to possess themselves of the top of an Hill. This Night he encamped himself by the Bath but the Regiment abode on the Hill and at that time he was famed for a slight though seasonable invention for none of those who carried Provisions to the Regiment having conveyed fire to them though it was cold by reason of the Rain and Hail in the Evening and for that being Summer time they had only their Linnen Cloaths on and lay on the top of a very high Hill he sent them ten men with fire in Pots as they were benummed with cold in the dark and without Stomacks These men scrambled up the Hill some how or other and having good store of Wood made great fires whereupon the Soldiers anointed themselves and several of them fell to eating afresh That Night they discovered the Temple of Neptune on fire but who fired it none can tell When those in the Town saw the Piraeum was taken they no longer made any defence but Men Women Slaves and Freemen retired with most of the Cattle to Juno's Temple Agesilaus marched with the Army along the Shore whilst the Regiment came down the Hill at the same time and took Oenoe a strong Place and all the Booty in it The same day the Soldiers got abundance of Provisions out of those Places and they that fled into Juno's Temple came out and surrendred upon Discretion All the Murderers he ordered to be delivered up to the Exiles and the rest to be sold for Slaves soon after a great number of Prisoners came out of the Temple Several Ambassadors came to Agesilaus and amongst the rest some from the Boeotians to know upon what Terms they might obtain a Peace but he very superciliously did not vouchsafe them so much as a look though introduced by Pharax who had formerly been their Publick Host but sat in a round Building near a Lake viewing the number of Prisoners as they were brought out of the Temple These the Lacedemonians attended and guarded with their Pikes being mightily gazed on For usually the Fortunate and Victorious attract the Eyes of all Spectators Whilst Agesilaus sat seemingly transported one came riding up to him with his Horse in a Foam and when several asked him what News he gave no Answer to any one but approached near Agesilaus and springing from his Horse related with a sad countenance the disaster that befel the Regiment in the Lechaeum When Agesilaus heard it he instantly flew from his Seat and took his Lance commanding the Cryer to call the Colonels and Captains and Commanders of the Mercenaries and after they were assembled he ordered the rest to eat any thing they could get for they had not yet dined and follow him with all speed He himself though he had not dined marched on before with Damasias's men being followed by the Guards with Diligence By that time he had passed the Bath and reached the Plain of Lechaeum there came three Horsemen riding up to him with the News that the Bodies of the slain were recovered which when he heard he commanded the Army to halt and resting a while marched on to Juno's Temple Next day the Slaves were sold and the Boeotian Ambassadors being called were asked what they came for they made no mention of Peace but only told Agesilaus that with his leave they would go speak with their own Countreymen in the City he smiled and said to them I know you are not so much desirous to see them as to observe the considerable Success your Allies have had Stay therefore says he and I 'll conduct you thither and you shall have a true Information of the Matter He was as good as his word too for the day following he sacrificed and advanced with his Army to the City and though he did not throw down the * A Trophy was a Stone with an Inscription of the Victory obtained as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it was dedicated and therefore might not be pulled down Causah ad Athen. Trophy yet he cut down all the Trees and broke them in pieces showing thereby that none durst come out against him After that he encamped by the Lechaeum and did not conduct the Theban Ambassadors into the City but sent them home by Sea to Creusis There was great Lamentation made in the Lacedemonian Army they being unaccustomed to such Misfortunes as these yet those whose Relations were killed upon the Spot were gay and merry after their private losses as though they had been Victorious The Disaster that befel the Lacedemonians was after this manner The Amycleans always resort to celebrate the Hymns in the * A Feast kept three days with great Lamentation wherein they eat no Bread but Sweet-meats Athen Lib. 4. Hyacinthian Feast whether they be in the Campagne or abroad any where else And because Agesilaus had left all
disbanded them all departing home The Athenians taking into consideration Callias Archon that the Lacedemonians had a Formidable Power that they had passed by Attica to attack Thebes and that the Corinthian War was ended tried two of those Captains which conspired with Millo against Leontiades Party one whereof they executed and the other they banished because he fled from Justice The Thebans also fearing lest they should be left alone in the War against the Lacedemonians found out this contrivance They as 't is thought corrupted Spodrias Governour of Thespiae to enter Attica and engage the Athenians in a War with the Lacedemonians He hearkned to them and undertook to surprize the Piraeus which was yet without Gates In order thereto he refreshed his men and marched out of Thespiae very early giving out that he would reach the Piraeus by Day though it was Day when he arrived at Thria so that he could not conceal his Design from being discovered Therefore in his return he drove away the Cattle and plundered the Houses Some that met him came flying by Night to the City and informed the Athenians that a great Army was entred their Countrey whereupon the Heavy-armed men and Horse that were upon the Guard armed At that time the * Etymocles Aristolochus Ocellus Lacedemonian Ambassadors at Athens were entertained by Callias their Publick Host but when this News came the Athenians seized them and committed them to safe Custody suspecting them to be concerned in this Conspiracy The Ambassadors being amazed at it made their Defence saying they would ne'r have been such Fools if they had known the Piraeus was to have been seized as to have remained in the City under their Power nor with a Publick Host where they might so easily be found out adding that it would appear the Lacedemonians themselves knew nothing of it and that they would soon hear that the Republick would punish Sphodrias Thus they having purged themselves were discharged The Ephori recalling Sphodrias impeached him of High Treason and he being frighted made no appearance yet was acquitted Many thought these Proceedings of the Lacedemonians were unjust The reason hereof was this Sphodrias had a Son named Cleonymus newly come to man's Estate being the most beautiful and renowned of his Equals whom Archidamus Agesilaus's Son intirely loved Cleombrotus's Friends being very intimate with Sphodrias were inclined to acquit him but because he had committed so hainous a crime they feared as well Agesilaus and his Party as those that were indifferent A while after Sphodrias said to Cleonymus Son you may save your Father's Life by intreating Archidamus to prevail with his Father to be favourable to me in my Trial. He hearing him say so put on confidence and going to Archidamus begged of him to bring his Father off Archidamus seeing Cleonymus weep wept too and after he had heard his Petition said to him you know Cleonymus I am not able to look my Father in the face but when I would carry any thing in the City I make use rather of any than him Yet since you command me assure your self I 'll use my utmost endeavour to serve you herein After that Archidamus went home from the Publick Eating-place and reposed himself in the Morning as soon as he was up he took care to observe his Father's walking abroad and when he saw him go forth if there were any of the Spartans by he let them discourse with his Father and if there were any Strangers or Servants that desired to make their Addresses he gave way for them too At length as Agesilaus was returning home from the Eurotas The River on which Sparta stands Archidamus went away and came not near his Father and the next day he did so again Agesilaus suspecting for what he went after him so askt him no Questions but let him go his way In the mean time Archidamus you may be sure had a great desire to see Cleonymus but to go to him before he had discoursed his Father he could not Then Sphodrias's Friends seeing Archidamus did not come to his House so often as he was wont were at their Wits end lest Agesilaus should have given him a rebuff At last Archidamus ventured to go and thus accosted him Father Cleonymus desired of me to beg of you that you would save his Fathers Life and I make it my request that it may be granted Agesilaus answered him I forgive you but I don't see how I shall get my own pardon from the Republick for not condemning one that has taken Bribes to the prejudice of his Countrey At that time he replied nothing again being convinced by the Justice of what his Father said but went his way Yet afterwards whether he took notice of it by his own motion or that it was hinted to him by some body else he went to him and said Father I know that if Sphodrias had not offended you would have acquitted him for Innocencie's sake and if he has pardon him for mine Agesilaus made him this Answer if it be consistent with my Honor it shall be so which when he heard he went away with small hopes About that time one of Sphodrias's Friends discoursing with Etymocles said I believe all you that are of Agesilaus's Party will be for putting Sphodrias to death Etymocles replied why should we not follow Agesilaus's Opinion seeing he tells every one he discourses about it that it is impossible to bring him off Yet it would be hard for him to be put to death in the Flower of his Age who has behaved himself so well when a Child a Youth and a Man grown for Sparta wants such Soldiers He hearing this told it Cleonymus who being pleased therewith went directly to Archidamus saying Now I know you have a respect for me and I would have you rest satisfied that my endeavours shall be so as your love mayn't be misplaced Nor was he deceived in him for he behaved himself honourably in his Countrey as long as he lived and fought at Leuctra under General Dino before the King where charging in the formost of the Battel he fell in the midst of the Enemy greatly afflicting Archidamus Nor was he according to his Promise a Dishonour but a Credit to him After this manner Sphodrias got off whereupon the Athenians that favoured the Interest of the Boeotian Faction possessed the People that the Lacedemonians were so far from punishing Sphodrias that they commended him for plotting against Athens Upon that the Athenians immediately after made Gates to the Piraeus built Ships and vigorously assisted the Boeotians The Lacedemonians decreed that an Army should be sent against the Thebans and desired Agesilaus to take the Command of it esteeming him one of better Conduct than Cleombrotus He told them that he would comply with the pleasure of the State what ever it was and so prepared for his march But when he understood that it would be no easie matter to enter the Thebans Countrey
Walls from their City to the Sea that they might receive the Assistance of the Athenians on that side But whilst they were building the Lacedemonians came with an Army and razed them The Athenians resolving the Melians should acknowledge their Sovereignty as the rest of the Islanders did XVII Olymp. XCI Aristomnestus Archon Went with a Fleet against Melos At the coming of a second Army they took the place put all the men to the Sword and carried the Women and Children Captives LIB VI. The Athenians sent a Fleet to Sicily invited thither by the Egestaeans that made War upon the Selinuntians which latter were aided by the Syracusians engaging in this Enterprise with so much Precipitation and hast that they ne'r examined how great an Island it was not imagining that it required as great Forces to subdue it as Peloponnesus This year the Athenians Equipped a Fleet of sixty Sail for Sicily under the Admirals Alcibiades Nicias XVII Chabrias Archon and Lamachus whilst these Preparations were making the Images of Mercury were defaced and a Reward proposed to any that would discover the Authors At length some informed that Alcibiades had spoiled several Statues Thereupon his Enemies concluded he must needs have done the other inferring it from his free and loose way of Living Alcibiades profered to take his Tryal upon it but it was thought fit to let him go the Sicilian Voyage and if there appeared any Matters against him to call him to an account afterwards The whole Fleet met at Corcyra and thence parted for Sicily where some time after their arrival they surprised Catana The Athenians called Alcibiades home to Answer his Charge for Prophaning the Mysteries and defacing the Images whereupon he took Shipping pretending to Sail for Athens but going ashore at Thurij he gave them the slip and went to Peloponnesus The Athenians and Syracusians engaged but the latter are overcome and the Athenians wintered at Naxus Alcibiades coming to Lacedemon in Company of the Sicilian Ambassadors animated the Lacedemonians against the Athenians Who thereupon resolve to assist the Syracusians and send them Supplies under the Command of Gylippus The Athenians besiege Syracuse XVIII Pisander Archon Lamachus is slain and the sole Command of the Army devolved to Nicias Gylippus hastens to the relief of Syracuse but by reason of the small Force he had is contemned by Nicias who took no Care to secure himself against the Attempts of an Enemy The Athenians by aiding the Argives openly break their League with the Lacedemonians LIB VII Gylippus arrives at Himera first and there having made Alliances with several Communities of the Sicilians went from thence to Syracuse and coming thither before the Athenians had finished their double Wall about the Town Lands and Encamps with his Army The Syracusians cut off part of the Athenian's Works with a Counter-Wall By the advice of Alcibiades XIX Cleocritus Archon the Lacedemonians entred Attica this Campagne and fortified Decelea Which was a place of great importance being distant from Athens about 120 Furlongs and not much more from Boeotia It could be seen to Athens and lay very conveniently for making Incursions The Syracusians and Athenians had an Engagement within their great Haven wherein the former were beaten but in a second Engagement the Athenians were overcome After the Plemmyrium was taken which Commanded the Port no Provisions could be carried in thither without fighting Demosthenes and Eurymedon being sent with a new Army resolved forthwith upon their arrival to attack Syracuse which Nicias neglecting to attempt at his first coming witnered at Naxus and so came afterwards to be despised The Athenians by Night Attack'd a part of the City called Epipolae And after a confused and dubious Shirmish were repulsed by the Syracusians In this Fight many of the same side through mistake because it was in the Night became so earnestly engaged that they could hardly be parted After the Fight Demosthenes advised to march away But Nicias fearing the Athenians at home would not rise up from before the place without their Order Supposing his own Army was in a better Condition than the Syracusian this being now exhausted by the War and depending chiefly on Mercenaries who would desert when pay failed At last he decamped when the Moon was Eclipsed and by the Priest's directions superstitiously staid twenty seven days In the mean time Gylippus coming with Recruits from most Parts of Sicily strangely raised the Expectations of the Syracusians who thereupon engaging the Athenians in the great Haven beat them and blockt up the mouth of the Port which was eight forlongs over with their Ships a-stern one another The Athenians tried their Fortune again to see if they could break through the Syracusian Fleet but were beaten a second time after a very terrible and desperate Fight which dejected the Seamen so much that they could not be perswaded to go on board again though the Athenians had more Ships fit for Service than the Enemy but resolved to march away by Land. Hermocrates suspecting the Enemie's Design proposed the sending of Forces to take all the difficult Passes and cut off their Retreat But the Soldiers for joy of the Victory and because Hercules his Feast was kept at that time were so taken up with drinking and other Diversions that they could by no means be prevailed with to persue the Victory Thereupon Hermocrates sent some to the Athenian Camp who pretended to be their Friends and that they came out of kindness to inform them that the Syracusians had possessed themselves of the Passes and intended to cut off their retreat The Athenians giving credit to them did not Decamp till three days after When Gylippus had really done so In the Retreat Demosthenes with his part of the Army surrendred upon conditions but Nicias yielded himself a Prisoner to Gylippus who had a desire to have saved him yet being overcome by the importunity of the Army was forced to kill him The Athenians were put into the Quarries being miserably treated and those that survived their hard usage were sold for Slaves Thus ended the Sicilian War. LIB VIII The Athenians were unwilling at first to give credit to this great Defeat but at last being convinced of the truth became enraged at their Prophets and Priests who by a Religious Pretext had betrayed them into a vain hope of conquering Sicily Hereupon the Lacedemonians and the Confederates exerted their utmost power in carrying on the War. And on the contrary the Athenians would not submit to their misfortune but resolved to support their Allies and equip a Fleet. Yet many of the Athenians Confederates revolted from them and the other Greeks that had hitherto stood Neuter now longed to come into the War thinking to make a short cut of it A League was concluded between the King of Persia and the Lacedemonians XX. year of the War Olymp. Xcii Callias Archon The Athenians chased twenty Peloponnesian Ships into the
Ships After this Tissaphernes arrived at the Hellespont whither Alcibiades came with one Gally to bring him Gifts and Presents but Tissaphernes seized him and clapt him up at Sardes telling him that he had Orders from the King to make War upon the Athenians The Greeks called the Persian Monarch 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by way of Excellence Thirty days after he and Mantitheus that had been taken Prisoner in Caria having procured themselves good Horses made their escape by Night to Clazomenae In the mean while the Athenians having intelligence at Sestos that Mindarus was coming to fall upon them with sixty Sail fled to Cardia At the same time also Alcibiades went thither with five Gallies and a Brigandine from Clazomenae and hearing that the Peloponnesian Fleet was sailed from Abydus to Cyzicus he ordered his Ships to sail about to Sestos and went thither himself by Land. After the Fleet arrived when he was just going out to engage Theramenes came in with twenty Sail from Macedone and at the same time Thrasybulus with twenty more from Thasus both having been collecting tribute The Ancients being they used to Stem one anothers Ships had no occasion for their Main-sails in time of Fight But made use of their Oars only So that they left these Sails ashore when they went to engage keeping only the lesser Sails for any extraordinary occasion Schefferus de Mil. Nav. Lib. 3. Cap. 5. Alcibiades commanded them to take off their Main-sails and follow him going himself to Parium where the whole Fleet being joyned consisted of eighty six Ships and setting sail the Night following he arrived the day after about Noon at Proeconnesus There they heard that Mindarus and Pharnabazus with his Land-forces were at Cyzicus whereupon they staid a day in that place The day following Alcibiades called a Council of War and encouraged his men telling them that an absolute necessity obliged them to fight the Enemies Fleet by Sea their Army by Land and to attack their fortified Places For says he we have no mony with which the Enemy is plentifully supplied from the King of Persia The day before when the Ships were brought into Harbour and he had gotten all the small Vessels about him he made Proclamation lest the Enemy should be informed what number of Ships he had that whoever was taken crossing to the other side should be put to death After the Council of War he prepared for an Engagement and set sail to Cyzicus in foul weather As he approacht near the place it cleared up and the Sun breaking out he discovered sixty of Mindarus his Ships exercising at a great distance from the Port to which he had now cut off their Retreat The Peloponnesians seeing the Athenian Gallies were far more numerous than before and near the Port made to Land and having run their Ships in fought the Enemy as they came to attack them In the mean while Alcibiades sailing about with twenty Ships landed which Mindarus seeing landed too and fought till he was slain Upon this his men fled and the Athenians carried off all the Enemy's Ships to Proeconnesus except those of Syracuse which the Syracusians themselves had burnt The day after the Athenians sailed from thence to Cyzicus which being deserted by the Peloponnesians and Pharnabazus the People of Cyzicus received the Athenians into their City Here Alcibiades staid twenty days and having procured a good Sum from the Cyzicenians without farther harm done to the City sailed to Praeconnesus thence to Perinthus and Selymbria The Perinthians received his Army into the City but the Selymbrians gave money and kept them out From thence he went to Chrysopolis in the Neighbourhood of Chalcedon and fortified it erecting a Toll-house there to take Tenths of the Ships that came from Pontus Here he left a Guard of thirty Ships under two Admirals Theramenes and Eubulus who were to secure the Town and Ships that came from Pontus and to do the Enemy what mischief they could The other Admirals went for the Hellespont Hippocrates Mindarus his Vice-Admiral sent Letters to Lacedemon which were intercepted and carried to Athens The Contents were All is Gone Mindarus is lost Our Men want Provisions What to do we cannot tell Pharnabazus cheared up the Army of the Lacedemonians and Syracusians giving every one a Coat and two Months pay and telling them that since the men were safe they should not be disheartned for the loss of a little Wood which the King His Master's Country had good store of Besides he armed the Sea-men and set them to guard the Coast of his Province then calling the Governours of the Cities and Sea-Captains together he gave them money and ordered them to build as many Gallies at Antandrus as they had lost and bid them fetch Timber from Mount Ida. Whilst the Ships were building the Syracusians helpt the Antandrians to finish part of their Wall behaving themselves better therein than any of the Garison for which reason the Syracusians have Priviledges and Fredom at Antandrus Pharnabasus having setled his Affairs in this manner went immediately with Succours to Chalcedon About this time News came to the Syracusian Admirals XXII Year of the 〈…〉 that they were banisht by the Populacy Upon which they eaâ—â—ed their Soldiers together and Hermâ—crates made a Speech in the Name of the rest deploring their hard Fortune and protesting they were banisht contrary to all Law and Justice Advising them that as they had heretofore so they would for the future upon all occasions obey their Commanders and that they would chuse new Officers till the arrival of those that were nominated in their stead The Souldiers especially the Captains of Gallies Masters and Sea-men cried out that they should continue in their Commands On the other hand the Admirals told them they ought not to mutiny against the Government But if any impeacht the said Admirals then ye may said they recount and reckon up the Sea-fights ye have won the Ships ye have taken your selves and how often with others under our Conduct ye have been victorious we having had for our own Conduct and your Courage the most honourable place in Battel both at Sea and Land. No body laid any thing to their charge and they at the entreaty of the Soldiers continued in their Command till the arrival of those that were chosen in their stead who were Demarchus the Son of Pidocus Mysco the Son of Menecrates and Potamis the Son of Gnosias When most of the Captains of the Gallies had sworn to repeal their Banishment as soon as they themselves returned to Syracuse they commended and dismissed them giving them leave to go whither they would Yet they had a private Conference with Hermocrates whom they highly admired for his Diligence Courage and Affability For every Morning and Evening he assembled in his Cabin such as he knew to be the ablest men amongst the Captains of Gallies Masters and Sea-men and there communicated to them whatsoever
to Megara When Alcibiades made a General Muster of his Forces at Lampsacus the old Soldiers who had ne'r been beaten refused to be marshalled with Thrasylus his men for that these had been foyled Yet all had their Winter Quarters together and having fortified Lampsacus they made an attempt upon Abydus to the Relief of which Pharnabazus came with a strong Body of Horse but was beaten and put to flight Alcibiades persued him with his Horse and an hundred and ten Heavy-armed men commanded by Menander till the Night parted them After this Fight the Soldiers became good Friends with Thrasylus his men and embraced them This Winter they made several Incursions up into the Continent and wasted the King of Persia his Country About the same time the Lacedemonians dismist upon safe Conduct those Slaves that had deserted at Malea and fled to Coryphasium Much about that time also the Achaeans betrayed the Colony of Heraclea Trachinia when they stood in Battle against the Oeteans their common Enemies so that near seven hundred were killed amongst which was Labotes of Lacedemon the Governour Thus ended the Year in which the Medes rebelled against Darius King of the Persians and returned not long after to their Allegiance again XXIV Olymp. Xcii Euctemon Archon The Year following the Temple of Minerva at Phocaea was consumed by * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 was the Governour of a place and a General that was sent upon an expedition And an Officer like the Dictator Cragius Prester Plin. 2. l. 50. c. Lightning in a most violent Storm After the Winter was past and 22 years of the War elapst the Athenians early in the Spring sailed with their whole Fleet to Praeconnesus and going from thence to Chalcedon and Byzantium they besieged the former The Chalcedonians when they received Intelligence that the Athenians were coming upon them deposited their Goods in the hands of the Thracian Bithynians their Neighbours But Alcibiades took a Body of Heavy-armed men and Horse ordering the Ships to coast along and marching to the Bithynians demanded the Chalcedonians Goods threatning to treat them as Enemies unless they were delivered and deliver them they did Afterwards Alcibiades having made a League with them and carried his Booty to the Camp he employed his whole Army and encompast Chalcedon with a Wall from Sea to Sea and made a Boom cross the River There Hippocrates the Governour a Lacedemonian drew his Forces out of the Town to engage the Athenians and they faced him In the mean while Pharnabazus came with his Infantry and a strong Party of Horse from without the Works to relieve the besieged Hippocrates and Thrasylus each of them engaged with their Heavy-armed men a considerable time till Alcibiades came to his relief with his Heavy-armed men and Horse Hippocrates was killed and his men fled back into the Town At the same time Pharnabazus having not been able to joyn him by reason of the strait Pass over the River and the Works that were just by retired to his Camp near Hercules his Temple in the Countrey of the Chalcedonians A while after Alcibiades going to the Hellespont and Chersonese to raise money An Attic Talent is 6000 Drachma's Pollux i.e. 187 l. 10 s. Sterling the Total 3750 lâ—â— the other Generals made this Stipulation with Pharnabazus about Chalcedon That he should give the Athenians twenty Talents and conduct their Ambassadors to the King his Master Thereupon they swore to each other that the Chalcedonians should pay the Athenians the usual Tribute and what was due beside on the contrary that the Athenians should not make War upon the Chalcedonians till the Ambassadors from the King of Persia should arrive Alcibiades was not present at the Ratification of the Treaty but sat down before Selymbria which he took and marcht to Byzantium with the whole Strength of the Chersonites Thracian Soldiers and above three hundred Horse Pharnabazus tarr yedat Chalcedon in expectation of Alcibiades from Byzantium because he would have him take the Oath but when he came not thither Pharnabazus refused to be sworn unless Alcibiades was sworn too Alcibiades took the Oath afterwards at Chrysopolis before Metrobates and Arnapes Pharnabazus his Deputies Pharnabazus not only took the Oath for the Peace before Euryptolemus and Diotimus Alcibiades his Commissioners at Chalcedon but made likewise a private Agreement there between himself and Alcibiades Afrer this Pharnabazus departed immediately and ordered the Ambassadors that were going to the King of Persia to meet him at Cyzicus Theogenes Euryptolemus Mantitheus There were of the Athenians Dorotheus and Philodocus and with these Cleostratus and Pyrrholochus the Argives There went of the Lacedemonians Pasippidas and others besides these there went Hermocrates who was lately banish't Syracuse and his Brother Proxenus In the mean time whilst Pharnabazus conducted the Ambassadors the Athenians besieged Byzantium and after they had built a Wall round the place they made some light Skirmishes and advanced up to the Walls of the City There were in Byzantium Clearchus the Governour a Lacedemonian with some of the Neighbourhood a small Party of Half-Slaves 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 those that were made free like the Libertinus Miles in Suet. the Megareans commanded by Elixus their Countryman and the Baeotians by Cyratadas The Athenians not being able to effect any thing by force perswaded some of the Byzantines to betray the City Clearchus the Governour not suspecting any would attempt it put things in the best order he could and leaving Cyratadas and Elixus to command went over the Water to Pharnabazus to receive pay for his Soldiers and to get together the Ships in the Hellespont with the Guard Ships Pasippidas had lest those at Antandrus as also them that Hegesandridas Mindarus his Vice-Admiral had on the Coast of Thrace and to build more that he might infest the Athenian Allies with this Fleet and so divert the Army from Byzantium When Clearchus had set sail Cydo Aristo Anaxcrates and Lycurgus that were to betray Byzantium having all things in a readiness opened the Thracian Gate in the Night and let in Alcibiades with his Army Anaxilaus also was one of these Traytors and was after tryed for this Treason at Lacedemon but acquitted for that he was a Byzantine and not a Lacedemonian and it appeared he did not so much betray the Town as preserve the lives of those in it For when he saw the Women and Children ready to starve because Clearchus had given what Corn there was in the City to the Lacedemonian Soldiers he pleaded that he received in the Enemies for this reason and not for love of their money or out of hatred to the Lacedemonians Elixus and Cyratadas who knew nothing of the matter came with their whole strength to the Market-place but the Enemy having possest themselves of all the Posts and they being not able to make any resistance yielded themselves Prisoners and were sent to Athens where Cyratadas
unsuccessful Don't mistake that fatal necessity and call it Treason in them which was want of Power for the Storm disabled them from performing what they were commanded 'T will be greater Justice to honour them with Garlands than to follow the advice of ill men and put them to death When Euriptolemus had made an end he brought in a Bill that each of the Prisoners should be tried severally according to the Statute of Canonus but the Resolve of the Senate was that they should be all tried by one Suffrage when they put it to the Vote at first it was carried for Euryptolemus his Opinion but Menecles entring his Protestation and it being voted again the Resolve of the Senate was ratified Upon this eight of the Admirals that engaged were condemned whereof six that were at home suffered Not long after the Athenians repented of what they had done and decreed that those who had abused the People should be proceeded against and give bail to stand their Trial and that Callixenus should be one of these Four others were likewise charged and delivered up by their Bail. But afterwards they made their escape before Trial in the Riot wherin Cleophon was killed and Callixenus being generally hated was starved to death in his 〈◊〉 Return with the rest from the Piraeus to the City XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB II. THE CONTENTS Eteonicus prevents the Conspiracy of his Soldiers Lysander surprizes the Athenian Fleet at Aegospotamos Athens besieged and taken by Lysander The thirty Tyrants set up Thrasybulus expels them THe Soldiers that were with Eteonicus in Chius lived all Summer time upon the ripe Fruits and wrought in the Countrey for Wages But when Winter came and they had no Provisions but were naked and barefoot they met together and deliberated about seizing Chius Those that liked the Design determined to wear a Reed that they might discern how strong their Party was Eteonicus when he heard of the Conspiracy was at a stand not knowing how to comport himself in this Affair because there was so great a number of * Like our Green Ribband men Reedmen For it seemed dangerous to call them openly to an Account lest turning Enemies aad taking up Arms they should possess themselves of the City and when they had prevailed put all things in confusion Besides he considered that it would be an horrid thing to destroy so many of the Confederates that he should thereby incur the Obloquy of the rest of the Greeks and render the Army disaffected to the Service Whereupon taking along with him fifteen men armed with Daggers he walkt through the Town and meeting with a man that had sore eyes coming out of a Surgeon's Shop he killed him A disturbance hap'ning upon 't and some asking for what the man was killed Eteonicus commanded them to inform them that it was for wearing a Reed Whereupon as soon as the Order was given out all that wore Reeds threw them away every one that heard it searing he should not convey them away soon enough Afterwards Eteonicus assembled the Chians and commanded them to raise money that the Sea-men might receive their Wages and be kept from engaging in any new Conspiracy When they had made a Contribution he commanded his men on board and going on board every Ship himself encouraged and heartned them up dissembling the loss the Lacedemonians had sustained at Arginusae and gave them a Months pay a man. A while after the Chians and the rest of the Confederates assembled at Ephesus and consulted about sending Ambassadors to Lacedemon to give an account of the present Juncture of Affairs and to desire that Lysander might be Admiral who had gained great reputation amongst the Consederates the last time he was Admiral by the Victory he obtained in the Sea-fight at Notium Accordingly there were Ambassadors dispatcht and Messengers from Cyrus in company with them upon the same Errand The Lacedemonians granted that Lysander should be Vice-Admiral but appointed Aracus Admiral for their Law does not allow that the same Person should have that Command twice The Fleet was delivered up to Lysander at the end of the twenty sixth Year of the War. The same Year Cyrus killed Antoboesaces and Mitraeus the Sons of Darius his Sister Daughter to Xerxes who was Father to Darius for keeping their hands within their sleeve when they met him which respect the Persians pay to their King only The sleeve reaches somewhat below the hand Like the Custom of being led in to the Grand Seignior so that nobody can do any mischief whiles he keeps his hand within it Hieramenes and his Wife represented to Darius how horrid a thing it would be to connive at so great an Insolency Thereupon the King feigned himself sick and dispatcht Messengers for Cyrus to come up to him The next Year Lysander came to Ephesus XXVII Year of the Pelop. War Alexius Archon When Archylas was Ephorus and Alexius Archon at Athens and sent for Eteonicus with the Fleet from Chius getting the rest together from all Parts He not only refitted these Ships but built more at Antandrus and went to demand money of Cyrus who told him that he had disburst all he had from the King with a great deal more and shew'd him what every Admiral had received notwithstanding he gave him some Lysander taking the mony appointed Captains of Gallies and pay'd the Sea-men their Wages In like manner the Athenian Admirals equipped their Fleet at Samos About this time Cyrus upon the arrival of a Messenger from his Father sent for Lysander telling him that his Father was sick and that he had commanded him to come to him though he was marcht at that time to Thamneria in Media not far from the Cadusii that were Borderers and had made a defection being gone thither to reduce them When Lysander came Cyrus would not yield that he should fight the Athenians by Sea unless he were much Superiour to them in Shipping Telling him moreover that the King and he had money enough to equip a powerful Fleet for such a Design Afterwards he consigned him the Tribute of the Cities that belonged to himself and what money could be spared besides professing withal the kindness he had for the Lacedemonians but in particular for Lysander and so went up to his Father When Cyrus had delivered him all his Concerns and was entred on his Journey towards his sick Father that had sent for him Lysander paid off the Army and set sail to Ceramicus a Bay in Caria There he attackt a Town in League with the Athenians called Cedraeae and the day after taking it by Storm made Slaves of the Inhabitants who were half Barbarians and from thence he parted for Rhodes The Athenians setting out of Samos harrassed the King of Persia's Countrey going also against Chius and Ephesus and when they had chosen Menander Tydeus and Cephisodotus besides those Admirals that were already in Commission they made preparations
provided for the City to hold out a Siege And thus whiles the Athenians were employed about these Affairs Lysander came from the Hellespont to Lesbos with two hundred Sail of Ships and settled the Government at Mitylene as he had done at other Towns and sent Eteonicus to the Coast of Thrace with ten Gallies to reduce all the Towns there to the Obedience of the Lacedemonians After the Sea-fight the rest of Greece deserted the Athenians except the Samians who had murdered the Chief men and possest themselves of the Government Lysander sent to acquaint Agis and those of Decelea and Lacedemon that he was coming with two hundred Sail of Ships Whereupon the whole Multitude of the Lacedemonians and Peloponnesians except the Argives went out to receive him by order of Pausanias the other King. When they were all assembled he marcht with them and encamped near the City of Athens in the School called Academia Then Lysander going to Aegina and getting as many of the People together as he could restored them to their Countrey as he also did the Melians and others that had been banish't After that he wasted Salamis and came to an Anchor in the Piraeus with an hundred and fifty Sail hindring any Ships from coming into Port. The Athenians blockt up by Sea and Land knew not what measures to take being destitute of a Fleet of Friends and Provisions thinking it was now come to their turn to suffer the ills they had inflicted on the People of other Towns which was not by way of revenge but insolency and for no other cause but that they had joyned with the Lacedemonians Thereupon they advanced those that had been disgraced and so held out the Siege and though many were starved to death yet no mention was made of capitulating At last their Provision being quite spent they sent Ambassadors to Agis to desire an Alliance with the Lacedemonians to reserve themselves the * Long-walls joyned the Port and the City which Megara Argos and other Cities had Long-walls and Piraeus and to make Peace upon these Conditions He ordered the Ambassadors to go to Lacedemon because he had no Power to conclude a Peace and they informing the Athenians thereof were dispatcht thither and went to Sellasia near Laconia When the Ephori understood their Message to be the same that it was to Agis they commanded them to depart immediately and think of fairer Proposals if they really stood in need of a Peace The Ambassadors returned home and when they reported the News to the People there fell a Consternation on all for they thought of nothing less but that the Survivers should be made Slaves and that whilst other Ambassadors were passing to and fro the rest of them would be starved As for pulling down of the Walls there was none would propose it Because Archestratus was committed for mentioning in the Senate that it would be expedient to make a Peace with the Lacedemonians upon their own demands Which were that the Long-walls should be demolished on both sides for ten furlongs a Decree also was made forbidding any to move it hereafter In this Juncture Theramenes declared in the Assembly that if they would send him to Lysander he would discover whether the Lacedemonians by insisting on the demolishing of the Walls designed to make them all Slaves or only to oblige them to keep the Peace the better After he was dispatcht he stay'd with Lysander above three Months expecting when the Athenians now their Provisions failing would comply with any conditions Four Months after he returned and reported in the Assembly that Lysander had detained him till that time and now advised him to go to Lacedemon because it was not in his power to grant their demands but the Ephori's Upon that he was chosen one of the ten Plenipotentiaries to Lacedemon Lysander sent Aristotle an Athenian Exile thither in Company of some Lacedemonians to inform them that he had made Theramenes this Answer That the Power of War and Peace was vested in the Ephori When Theramenes and the other Ambassadors arrived at Sellasia 't was demanded what Powers they had They declared they had full instructions to treat of Peace Then the Ephori ordered them to be introduced and at their coming called an Assembly wherein the Corinthians and Thebans chiefly with several other Greeks opposed the making Peace with the Athenians and urged their total Extirpation The Lacedemonians replied they would not destroy a Greek City that had done so great Service to Greece in the most critical times but made Peace with them on these Conditions That the Long-walls and Piraeus should be demolished that they should deliver up all their Ships but twelve that they should restore their Exiles that they should make a League Offensive and Defensive with the Lacedemonians and serve them in all their Expeditions both by Sea and Land. Theramenes and his Collegues brought these Articles of Peace to Athens and when they came into Town a great Multitude flockt about them fearing they returned without effect though their necessity could admit of no delay by reason abundance of People perisht with Famine The day following the Ambassadors declared upon what terms the Lacedemonians would make Peace Theramenes spoke the first and advised them to comply with the Lacedemonians and demolish the Long-walls Whilst it was debated the major part approved it and it was resolved that the Peace should be accepted After that Lysander came up the Piraeus the Exiles returned and the Walls were demolished with great eagerness the Musick playing the while and all imagined that the Liberty of Greece might be dated from that day Thus ended the Year about the middle of which Dionysius the Son of Hermocrates usurpt at Syracuse the Syracusians having a little before vanquisht the Carthaginians in a Battel which latter took Agrigentum distrest by Famine and quitted by the Sicilians The next was the Olympick Year XCIV Olymp. Pythodorus Archon sive Anarchia The Oligarchy hap'ned after this manner In which Crocinas the Thessalian wont he foot-race Eudicus was Ephorus of Sparta and Pythodorus Archon of Athens whom the Athenians don 't reckon but call this Year the Anarchy the People determined to chuse Thirty men that were to make Laws and administer the Government by them Those that were chosen were these * Poliarches Critias Melobius Hippolochus Euclides Hiero Mnesilochus Chremo Theramenes Aresias Diocles Phaedria Choerelaus Anaetius Piso Sophocles Eratosthenes Charicles Onomacles Theognis Ae chines Theogenes Cleomedes Erasistratus Phido Dracontides Eumathes Aristoteles Hippomachus Mnesithides Lysander having setled Affairs in this manner parted for Samos Agis drawing the Land-Army out of Decelea disbanded and sent them home About this time when the Sun was Eclipst Lycophron the Pheraean aspiring to the Dominion of all Thessaly overcame the Larisseans and other Thessalians that opposed his Designs in a set Battle and made a great Slaughter At that time also Dionysius the Tyrant of
Haliartus THus ended the Sedition at Athens Soon after Cyrus sent Messengers to Lacedemon requiring that Republick to make him a suitable Return for the Service he had done them in the Athenian War. The Ephori thinking it a reasonable request sent their Admiral Samius Orders to assist him if there were occasion who willingly complied with Cyrus in all his Commands for sailing about with his own and Cyrus's Fleet to Cilicia he gave Syennesis the Governour thereof such diversion that he could make no opposition by Land whilst Cyrus marcht against the King of Persia * Cyrus undertook his expedition in the fourth year of the 94 Olymp when Exaenetus was Archon Diod. Sic. Olymp. 95. Laches Archon But after what manner Cyrus got an Army together and made an Expedition against his Brother how the Fight hapned how he was slain and how the Greeks got safe to the Sea-side Themistogenes the Syracusian has written After this Tissaphernes being highly esteemed by the King for his Service in the War against his Brother and being made Governour both of the Provinces he ruled before as also those that Cyrus had he forthwith required all the Ionic Cities to yield him Obedience But they being desirous to maintain their Liberty and fearing Tissaphernes because they had chosen Cyrus while living to be their Governour in his stead did not receive him within their Cities but sent Ambassadors to Lucedemon desiring that they being Protectors of all Greece would extend their care to the Greeks in Asia too that their Country might not be destroyed and that their Liberty might be preserved Hereupon the Lacedomonians sent Thimbro General ordering him about one thousand of the Half-Slaves and four thousand other Peloponesians desiring of the Athenians three hundred Horse besides these Forces and undertook to pay them himself They sent him three hundred of those that served under the Thirty Tyrants supposing it would be no loss to the People to have them sent abroad and knockt on the head When they arrived in Asia he drew some Forces out of the Greek Garisons in the Continent for all the Cities obeyed Leun 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because a Lacedemonian Commanded Thimbro with these Forces observed the Enemies Horse but did not take the Field with his Army being contented only to preserve the Countrey where he was from Depredations But after those that went in the Expedition with Cyrus returned safe home and joyned him he marcht into the Field against Tissaphernes and took upon surrender Pergamus Teuthrania and Halisarnia the Province of Eurysthenes and Procles descended of Demaratus the Lacedemonian He was banisht Sparta and followed Xerxes in his Expedition into Greece Diod. Sic. Lib. XI on whom the King of Persia had conferred this Government as a Reward for his Service against Greece Also Gorgio and Gongylus two Brothers came over to him whereof the one held Gambrium and Palaegambrium the other Myrina and Grynium which Towns the King gave to Gongylus because he was the only man amongst the Eretrians that was banisht for adhering to the Persian Interest Thimbro took some weak Places by Assault and setting down before Larissa which is called Aegyptia he besieged it because it would not surrender But being not able to master the place any other way he carried a Mine to cut off a Well designing thereby to deprive them of Water The Besieged making frequent Sallies and throwing Wood and Stones into the Trench he made an Engine of Wood and mounted it upon the Wall. This also the Larissoeans sallying out by Night burnt Thereupon the Ephori thinking he did them no Service sent him Orders to rise from before Larissa and march with his Army into Caria When he was at Ephesus in order to his Voyage thither there came Dercyllidas who had the reputation of being a skilful Engenier being thereupon Surnamed Sisyphus and took upon him the Command of the Army Thimbro returned home and being accused by the Confederates for suffering his Forces to pillage the Allies was fined and banished Dercyllidas after he had taken Command of the Army perceiving that there was no good understanding between Tissaphernes and Pharnabazus had a Conference with the former and entred Pharnabazus's Province chusing rather to make War with one than both Besides Dercyllidas was formerly disgusted with Pharnabazus for being Governour of Abydus when Lysander was Admiral Pharnabazus complained of him and thereupon he was confined to stand with a Shield which the Valiant Lacedemonians esteem a disgrace because 't is a punishment for deserting their Order in Battel so that for this Cause also he went with more satisfaction against him He in a short while so far surpassed Thimbro in Conduct that he marcht through the Confederates Countrey to Aeolis the Government of Pharnabazus without any Injury done to the Allies The Aeolis belonged to Pharnabazus's Province which Zenis the Dardanian held under him with the Title of Satrapas for term of Life When he died and Pharnabazus was designing to confer the Government on another Mania Zenis his Wife a Dardanian went to him with her Troops and Money which she carried to present Pharnabazus withal as also to oblige his Misses and other Favourits When she was admitted to his Presence she addrest her self to him after this manner My Husband Pharnabazus was your Ally and paid his Tribute so punctually that you both praised and honoured him And if I can serve you as well why will you prefer any other to the Government If I do not give you satisfaction it will still remain in your Power to take the Province from me and confer it on another When Pharnabazus heard her say so he determined that she should be Governess of the Province Afterwards being settled in her Government she paid the Tribute as exactly as her Husband and when ever she went to wait upon Pharnabazus she always carried him Presents and when he came into her Province she gave him a most Magnificent Reception and more to his satisfaction than any of the other Deputy Governors Nor did she only defend those Towns which she at first took under her Charge but the Maritine Towns Larissa Amaxitus and Colonae which would not yield her Obedience she reduced When the Mercenary Greeks attackt the Places she her self beheld them from her Chariot and whoever deserved her Commendation she liberally rewarded whereby she made her Mercenaries very brave men She also attended Pharnabazus in his Expeditions against the Mysians and Pisidians who at that time infested the King of Persia's Territories Insomuch that Pharnabazus had a great Veneration for her and sometimes admitted her to his Councils But when she was somewhat past forty years of Age Midias her Daughter's Husband being egged on by the Speeches of some who suggested to him that 't was a dishonour for him to lead a private life and live under the Domination of a Woman observing that she had a watchful eye upon others as Supreme Magistrates
the Greeks that followed the Camp to stragle for pillage killed several of them Which Agesilaus perceiving commanded the Horse to go and relieve them but the Persians seeing Succours come drew up in a close Body and faced them with all their Troops Agesilaus understanding that the Enemies Foot were not yet come up thought it was a fit opportunity to fight if he could thereupon he sacrificed and forthwith leading his Phalanx against the Enemies Horse that confronted him he commanded out all those that were ten years past man's Estate to charge with full speed the Targetiers to follow on running after which he commanded the Horse to fall on making as if he would second them with the whole Army The Persians received the Horse but afterwards a terrible face of things appearing they gave Ground and immediately some of them fell into the River others fled and the Greeks pressing them hard took their Camp the Targetiers as it is usual falling to the Spoil Agesilaus encompast as well those things that belonged to Friends as Enemies with his Army and took abundance of Riches which amounted to above seventy Talents 13125 l. besides some Camels which he afterwards sent into Greece At the time of this fight Tissaphernes hapned to be at Sardes which occasioned the Persians to say that they were betrayed by him and the King supposing Tissaphernes was the cause of these miscarriages sent Tithraustes to take off his Head which he executed and dispatcht Ambassadors to Agesilaus with these Instructions Agesilaus the Authour of all your Troubles and ours too is brought to Justice the King of Persia requires you to march home with your Army and the Asiatick Cities shall be restored to their Liberty they paying him the accustomed Tribute Agesilaus made answer That he could act nothing without Orders from the Magistrates at home Then said Tithraustes seeing I have taken off your Enemy do you retreat into Pharnabazus his Government till you hear farther from home Agesilaus replied give me then Provisions for my Army till I arrive thither So Tithraustes gave him thirty Talents 5625 l. which he took and marcht with his Army into Phrygia the Government of Pharnabazus and being in the Plain beyond Cyma there came to him a Messenger from the Magistrates at home with a Commission to be Generalissimo both at Sea and Land as also to nominate whom he would for Admiral which the Lacedemonians did for this reason because if one commanded all the Forces would be united whereby both the Land Army and the Fleet would be strengthened by their mutual Assistance wherever there was occasion As soon as Agesilaus received this Commission he in the first place ordered the Islands and Maritine Towns to Equip as many Gallies as they thought fit There were an hundred and twenty sail of Ships new built part of which the Towns had promised and the rest some private Persons out of respect to him had furnished He appointed Admiral Pisander his Wive's Brother an ambitious and daring man yet unfit to discharge so weighty an Employment who parting from the Camp went to take care of the Naval Affairs and Agesilaus accordingly as he had designed passed into Phrygia Tithraustes seeming to apprehend that Agesilaus contemned the Forces of the King of Persia and had no thoughts in the least of drawing his Troops out of Asia but rather entertained great hopes of ruining the King and not knowing what measures to take sent Timocrates the Rhodian into Greece giving him as much Gold as amounted to about fifty Talents of Silver 9375 l. instructing him to use his endeavours and taking good security to distribute it amongst the leading men of the Cities on Condition that they would make War upon the Lacedemonians He went into Greece and at Thebes gave some of the Money to Androclides Ismenias and Galaxidorus at Corinth to Timolaus and Polyanthes at Argos to Cyclo and his Party the Athenians though they had no share of the Gold yet were eager for War thinking the Command in Chief belonged to them They that received the Money talkt against the Lacedemonians in their respective Cities and rendring them odious to the People stirred up the most considerable Commonwealths to consederate against them But the Chief of the Thebans knowing the Lacedemonians would not break the League made with the Allies War between the Lacedemonians and Thebans unless some others were the Aggressors perswaded the Locri Opuntii to pay Tribute out of a Country that was in dispute betwixt the Thebans and Phocaeans imagining if such a thing were done the Phocaeans would fall into Locris Nor were they mistaken for the Phocaeans made an inroad into Locris and took a great Spoyl thereupon Androclides and his Party prevailed with the Thebans to assist the Locrians as though the Enemy had not invaded a Countrey which was in Controversie but confessed on all Hands to be in Amity with them On the other hand the Thebans fell into Phocis and destroyed it upon which the Phocaeans sent Ambassadors to Lacedaemon desiring Assistance from them making it appear that they did not begin the War but only revenged their Injuries The Lacedemonians willingly embraced this opportunity of employing their Arms against the Thebans provoked by them before for siezing Apollo's Tenths at Decelea and for not seconding the Lacedemonians in their attempt upon the Piraeus complaining of them also for disswading the Corinthians from joyning with them calling also to mind their denying Agesilaus to sacrifice at Aulis and their throwing his Sacrifice off the Altar And for that they did not assist Agesilaus in his Expedition into Asia Thereupon they thought they had a fair opportunity to undertake a War against them and repress their insolency For their Affairs succeeded well in Asia Agesilaus having carried all before him nor was there any War in Greece that could give them a diversion on that side This being the sence of the Lacedemonian Republick the Ephori ordered a Levy to be made and sent Lysander to the Phocaeans with Orders to bring their Forces as also for the rest to assemble at Haliartus Oeteans Heracleans Melians and Aenians where Pausanias who was to Command in Chief had appointed the Troops of the Lacedemonians and other Peloponesians to Rendevous at a set day Lysander not only observed his Orders but brought over the Orchomenians also from the Thebans Pausanias after he had obtained a successful Sacrifice for his Voyage remained at Tegea and sent the Officers of the Mercenaries before being in expectation of the Troops from the Adjacent Places When the Thebans received Intelligence that the Lacedemonians were entred their Countrey they sent Ambassadors to Athens with this Message The Oration of the Theban Ambassadoes at Athens Ye complained of us My Lords of Athens for passing a severe Sentence against you towards the end of the Peloponesian War but this your Complaint was groundless For it was not the Decree of our Government but
was possible supposing that he should dispossess the King of Persia of all the Provinces he left behind him As Agesilaus designed thus with himself Diophantus Archon the Lacedemonians discovering that for certain Money had been sent into Greece and that the most considerable Cities had confederated to make War upon them and apprehending their Republick was in danger and that they were obliged to provide for a New War they accordingly did and sent Epicydidas to Agesilaus who after he arrived related how Affairs stood and that the State had sent Orders for him to come to the assistance of his Countrey Agesilaus hearing this was extraordinarily concerned considering what Honours and Hopes he should thereby be deprived of However he called the Confederates together and communicated to them the State 's Orders declaring that he was necessitated to go to the assistance of his Countrey If things succeed well with us assure your selves said he that I will not forget you but return and do whatever you shall require When they heard this they shed abundance of Tears and resolved with an Universal Consent to accompany Agesilaus and succour Lacedemon and if they met with Success to bring him back again into Asia Whilst they were preparing for the Expedition Agesilaus left Euxenus General with an Army of 400 men to preserve the Towns they were possest of and intended to carry with him a considerable Body of the stoutest men finding that several of the Soldiers were more inclined to stay there than to go and fight against the Greeks He proposed Prizes to those Cities that furnished the best Soldiers and to those Captains of the Mercenaries who came into the Service with a Company of the best appointed either of Heavy-armed men Archers or Targetiers To the Captains of Horse he declared that whosoever brought a Troop the best horsed and armed should have also a Reward telling them he would determine this matter in the Chersonese after he was passed out of Asia into Europe and that they should be sure to chuse select men for this Expedition The Prizes were generally Arms for the Heavy-armed men and Horse neatly made and some Crowns of Gold so that all of them amounted to no less than the value of four Talents 750 l. and though he had been at such Expences yet he provided Arms for his Soldiers Afterwards when he had passed the Hellespont there were chosen Umpires of the Lacedemonians Menascus Herippidas and Orsippus of the Confederates one out of every City As soon as this Arbitration was over Agesilaus marched with his Army the same Way that Xerxes did when he invaded Greece About this time the Ephori raised Forces and the States because Agesipolis was a Minor gave the Command of the Army to Aristodemus the Protector and one of the Royal Family After the Lacedemonians had taken the Field the Enemy assembled together and consulted how they might manage the War to the best advantage Timolaus his Speech Then said Timolaus the Corinthian Gentlemen Methinks the Affairs of the Lacedemonians are like Rivers which being not large near their Springs may be easily forded over but while they continue their course farther the accession of other Waters makes their Stream more rapid Just so are the Lacedemonians for at the Place they set forth they are only themselves but in their Progress they having joyned other Cities become more numerous and are hardly to be grapled with I find too says he that those who would destroy Wasps if they hunt them after they get out of their holes are stung by Swarms of them but if they set fire to them in their Nests then they destroy them and suffer no harm at all themselves Therefore upon these considerations I think it best to give them battel at Lacedemon or if that cannot be yet as near to the Place as is possible This Proposal seeming reasonable they made a Decree accordingly and whilst they debated about the Command in Chief they agreed how many they should draw up in Front lest they should make their Battalions too deep and thereby let the Enemy encompass them The Lacedemonians together with the Tegeans and Mantineans marched out by the Sea side and arrived about the same time at Sicyon that the Corinthians and their Confederates did at Nemea Hereupon the latter made an Impression upon the Lacedemonians near Epiecaea and at first the Enemies Light-armed men darting and throwing from an Eminence did great Execution upon them but the Lacedemonians marching down by the Sea side and taking the way through the Plain destroyed and burnt the Countrey The Enemy went out and encamped by a Brook that ran before their Camp the Lacedemonians advancing within less than ten furlongs off them encamped also and lay still I will now give an Account how strong both Armies were there were drawn together about six thousand of the Lacedemonian Heavy-armed men of the Eleans Triphylians Acrorians and Lasioneans near 3000 of Sicyonians 1500 of Epidaurians Traezenians Hermioneans and Halieans no less than 3000 besides these there were six hundred Lacedemonian Horse supported by three hundred Cretan Archers Of the Marganean Ledrinian Amphidolian Slingers no less than four hundred The Phliasians were not in the Army but pretended there was a Truce These were the Forces of the Lacedemonians The Enemies Army consisted in six thousand Athenian Heavy-armed men and as the report went seven thousand Argives The Boeotians the Orchomenians being not there were but about 5000. the Corinthians three thousand and out of all Euboea three thousand more These were their Heavy-armed men The Boeotian Horse the Orchomenians being not there were about eight hundred the Athenian near six hundred of the Chalcideans that came out of Euboea an hundred of the Locri Opuntij fifty The Light-armed men together with the Corinthians exceeded this number being joyned by the Locri Ozolae the Melieans and Acarnanians These were the Forces on both sides The Boeotians whilst they had the left Wing were not urgent for a Battel but when the Athenians were drawn up against the Lacedemonians and they opposed to the Achaeans in the right they immediately cried out the Sacrifice was auspicious and ordered to make ready for a Battle Here at first they took no care to draw up sixteen in Front but made their Battalion altogether deep nor did they move to the right that they might thereby outwing the Enemy The Athenians followed that they might not be disordered although they understood that they were in danger of being surrounded Hitherto the Lacedemonians did not discover that the Enemy advanced because the Place thereabouts was woody but after they had begun to sing the Paean they then perceived them instantly and commanded all to prepare for fighting and being drawn up in the order the Officers of the Mercenaries had marshalled each Battalion they were commanded to follow their Leader The Lacedemonians advanced towards the right of the Enemy and did so far
out-wing them that the Lacedemonians confronted six of the Athenian Regiments and the Tegeans four Now both Armies being less than a Furlong distant from each other the Lacedemonians according to custom sacrificed a Goat to Minerva Agrotera and advanced toward the Enemy wheeling about to surround them with the part of their Wing that out-reached theirs When the Battels were joyned all the Lacedemonian Confederates were foyled by the Enemy except the Pellenians that fought the Thespieans who behaved themselves so well that several were slain on both sides The Lacedemonians beat as many of the Athenians as fell to their share and surrounded them with their extended Wing cutting off a great many and marched on in good order as if they had suffered nothing and passed by four of the Athenian Regiments before they gave over the pursuit Nor did they lose any men except those in the Charge against the Tegeans but in their return they fell upon the Argives and as the foremost Colonel was going to attack them one they say cried out to let the foremost of the Enemy pass which being done accordingly they galled their Flank and killed a great many men that fled by them After that they received the Corinthians coming back from pursuing and cut in pieces abundance of them Upon this the routed fled first to the Garisons but afterwards by the Example of the Corinthians betook themselves to their former Camp thereupon the Lacedemonians returned to the Place where the Battel begun and erected a Trophy This is the account of that Fight In the mean while Agesilaus hastned with Succours out of Asia and whilst he was at Amphipolis Dercyllidas brought him the News of a Victory the Lacedemonians had obtained with the loss of considerable numbers on the Enemies side and but eight Lacedemonians though several of their Confederates were killed Then Agesilaus said to him Dercyllidas would it not be convenient that the Cities which have sent their Forces to joyn ours should have Intelligence of it with all speed Dercyllidas made answer that they would be the more encouraged if they heard on 't Therefore since you are here said Agesilaus you might make a fit Messenger Dercyllidas hearkned willingly to this for he loved travelling and said to Agesilaus I 'll go if you 'll command me Then I command you replied he and moreover I would have you tell them that if things succeed well here I 'll be with them again according to my Promise Dercyllidas was now departed from the Hellespont and Agesilaus marched through Macedon and came into Thessaly where the Larisseans Cranonians Scotusaeans and Pharsalians being in League with the Boeotians together with all the Thessalians except the Exiles pursued him and cut off some of his Rear He marched with his Army in a Square placing one half of his Cavalry in the Front and the other in the Rear but the Thessalians attacking his Rear and hindering his March he sent all the Horse to the Front except his own Guards As soon as they confronted each other the Thessalians not thinking fit with their Horse to engage the Heavy-armed men faced about and retreated gently Agesilaus's Horse pursued them unadvisedly and he finding both them and the Enemy in disorder sent his own Guards being very stout men and ordered them to command the rest to pursue with all speed imaginable and not give them opportunity of facing about The Thessalians seeing the Lacedemonians coming upon them contrary to their expectation some of them fled some turned upon the Enemy and others that attempted the like were flanked by the Horse and taken Polymachus the Pharsalian that commanded the Horse faced about and fighting with those he had with him was slain Thereupon the Thessalians falling into a confused Flight some were killed and others taken nor did they make an halt till they had recovered the Mountain Narthacium Then Agesilaus erected a Trophy between Pras and Narthacium and rested there being much pleased with the Action in that he had beat those Cavalry that gloried in their Horsemanship with such Horse as he himself had raised Next day passing the Achaean Mountains of Pthia he marched through a Friends Countrey till he came to the frontiers of Boeotia and as he was entring the Enemies Countrey the Sun appeared like a Crescent News came too that the Lacedemonians were beaten at Sea and that their Admiral Pisander was killed There was a Relation of the Engagement how it was that both the Fleets engaged about Cnidus that Pharnabazus the Admiral was there with the Phaenicians and Conon with the Grecian Navy lay in the Front and that when Pisander had drawn up against Conon it appeared he had fewer Ships in his whole Navy than he only in the Grecian Fleet. The Confederates that were in the Rear ran immediately but Pisander engaging the Enemy with a stemmed Gally was forced aground and the rest that were driven ashore left their Ships getting as well as they could into Cnidus only Pisander fought on board his own Ship till he was slain Agesilaus was exceedingly troubled at first when he heard it yet recollecting that as the News of good Success is a marvellous encouragement to an Army so if things fall out ill it is not necessary to let them know it he soon after changed his Mind and reported to the Soldiers how Pisander was killed but had got the Victory and after he had related it he offered some Bullocks for the good News and sent part of the Sacrifice to several Persons So that a light skirmish happening Agesilaus's men beat the Enemy upon the Fame of this Sea-Victory that he gave out the Lacedemonians had won There were opposed to Agesilaus the Boeotians Athenians Argives Corinthians Aenians Euboeans and both the Locri Agesilaus had with him a Regiment of Lacedemonians that came from Corinth and half of another from Orchomenus having beside these the Half Slaves from Lacedemon and the Mercenaries that Herippidas commanded as also those that he joyned in his march from the Greek Cities in Asia and Europe there he was joyned by the Orchomenians and Phocean Heavy-armed men Agesilaus was stronger in Targetiers but the Horse were equal and these were the Forces of both Armies I will give a Relation of the Fight being such an one as has not happened in our time The Battel at Cheronea The Armies met on the Plains near Coronea Agesilaus's Forces marching from the Cephisus and the Thebans from Helicon Agesilaus led the Van himself the Orchomenians being in the Rear of all the Thebans had the Van of their Army and the Argives the Rear Just as they engaged there was a profound Silence in both Armies and when they were within a Furlongs distance the Thebans set up a shout and gave a furious charge afterwards at the distance of three hundred feet the Mercenaries of Agesilaus's Battalion that Herippidas commanded ran upon the Enemy and together with them the Ionians Aeolians and Hellespontians these
Athenians he went to Byzantium and sold the Customs of those Ships which came from the Pontus and changed the Government of the Byzantines from an Aristocracy to a Democracy so that the Byzantines were not at all concern'd to see such numbers of Athenians in their City When he had performed this and made an Alliance with the Chalcedonians he sailed out of the Hellespont and finding all the Towns in Lesbos except Mitylene take part with the Lacedemonians he attackt no place till he had first taken four hundred men out of his Fleet at Mitylene and form'd them and the Exiles who had fled thither into a body and joyn'd them with the stoutest men of the Mitylenians He gave every one of them hopes To the Mitylenians that if he mastered the rest of Lesbos they should command the whole To the Exiles that if they assisted him in the recovery of the particular Towns they would be in a capacity of being restored to their own Countries again To the Seamen that if they could bring Lesbos into the Alliance of the Athenians they should greatly enrich themselves thereby When he had thus encouraged the men he drew them up and marched with them to Mithymna But Therimachus Governour of the place for the Lacedemonians understanding Thrasybulus was coming against him took the Seamen from on board his Ships together with the Methymnean and Mitylenian Exiles and met him at the Frontiers where they had an Engagement in which Therimachus was killed and a great many slain in the pursuit After this he took some Cities by composition but foraged the Country about those which held out and raised pay for his Souldiers out of the Spoyls From thence he hastened to Rhodes to levy a strong body of men there and when he had raised Contribution at several places he went to Aspendus and sailed up the River Eurymedon with his Fleet. He had formerly received money from the Aspendians and now the Country-men being injured by the Souldiers they in a rage fell upon the Athenians by night and killed Thrasybulus in his Tent who ended his days in this manner having had the reputation of being a good man. The Athenians chose Argyrius to succeed him in the Fleet. The Lacedemonians receiving intelligence that the Athenians had sold the Customs of the Pontic Ships at Byzantium that they were possest of Chalcedon and that the other Cities on the Hellespont were in a good condition because Pharnabazus was their Ally thought it was high time to look about them And altho' they could object nothing against Dercyllidas yet Anaxibius by favour of the Ephori procured himself to go Governour of Abydus and undertook if they would give him a Fleet and pay off his men to make War with the Athenians after such a rate as should change the face of things in the Hellespont Hereupon they gave him three Gallies and Pay for a thousand Mercenaries and dispatched him away When he arrived he raised more Forces and wrested some of the Eolic Towns from Pharnabazus and whilst he was gone against Abydus with his own Army and the Forces of the other Cities Anaxibius on the contrary fell upon them and laid wast their Territories Afterwards he fitted out three Ships more at Abydus besides those he had and when he took any Ships that belonged either to the Athenians or their Confederates he carried them in thither When the Athenians received intelligence hereof they feared he would undo all that Thrasybulus had done before in the Hellespont whereupon they sent out Iphicrates against him with eight Sail and 1200 Targetiers being most of those he commanded at Corinth For the Argives having possest themselves of Corinth declared they had no occasion for them because Iphicrates had put some to death who favoured their interest whereupon he return'd home and lived privately When he arrived at the Chersonese he and Anaxibius sent out Foragers on both sides and with them they carried on the War one with another A while after Iphicrates hearing that Anaxibius was gone to Antandrus with the Mercenaries Lacedemonians and 200 Abydenian heavy-arm'd men and understanding that Antandrus had surrendred to him he guessed that he would put in a Garison there and return with the Abydenians Whereupon he passed over in the Night at a place which was freest from the discovery of the Abydenians and when he had possessed himself of the Hills he placed an Ambush He commanded also the Gallies which transported him to cruise off the shoar by break of day that they might seem to be going to collect Tribute Nor was he mistaken for though Anaxibius had not an auspicious Sacrifice yet he departed from Antandrus and despised the Ceremonies partly because he marched through a Friends Country and to a City of the Confederates partly because he understood by those he met that Iphicrates was sailed back to Praeconnesus and therefore marched more carelesly Iphicrates did not rise out of the Ambuscade whilst Anaxibius's Army was on even ground but after the Abydenians which were in the Van had entred the Plain by Cremastes where there were Gold Mines the rest of the Army went down the Hill being followed by Anaxibius and the Lacedemonians And then Iphicrates rising up gave a furious charge upon Anaxibius who when he saw that there was no hopes of escaping and that his Army was extended in length and in a strait place that they could not come up the ascent of the Hill to his assistance being already past it and that all were in a Consternation by reason of the Ambuscade he said to those who were near him Gentlemen Here I must die but do ye consult your own safety before you engage with the Enemy And when he had said so he took a Shield from his Squire and fought till he died upon the Spot His * He was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and bred up under some great man who was to be an example of vertue to him So was Lysander under Agesilaus Plut. Vbbo Em. Page also who staid with him and the 12 Lacedemonian Governours which followed him out of the Town fell together with him the rest were slain in the pursuit of the others near 200 were killed and of the Abydenian heavy-arm'd men 50 Iphicrates having performed these Exploits return'd to the Chersonese XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB V. THE CONTENTS Teleutias a famous General Antalcidas returns from Persia with Articles of Peace and a Peace is made Mantinea taken and the Citizens obliged to live in Villages The Citadel of Thebes betrayed to the Lacedemonians and recovered Teleutias slain at Olynthus Agesipolis dies The Lacedemonians Power declines The Thebans draw the Athenians into the War against the Lacedemonians Sphodrias impeached for beginning the War and acquitted THis was the state of Affairs betwixt the Athenians and Lacedemonians in the Hellespont The people of Aegina formerly had Commerce with the Athenians till the
Barbarian for Pay but to be able of our selves to procure Necessaries from whence they may be most honourably obtained For certainly large Contributions from the Enemy in time of War not only supply you with Provisions but gain you Reputation throughout the World. When he had ended his Speech the whole Army with a loud Acclamation bid him command them any Service whatsoever and they would obey After he had Sacrificed he spoke to them again Come fellow Souldiers take the Supper you intended and one Days Provisions then go on board forthwith that we may bend our course whither Heaven directs and arrive opportunely As soon as they were assembled he put them on board and at Night sailed to the Port of Athens sometimes refreshing the Rowers and ordering them to repose themselves other-whiles inspecting them If any one thinks he did imprudently in attempting a strong Fleet with twelve Ships let him first consider his Reasons He thought the Athenians were careless of their Fleet because it lay in Harbour and bacause Gorgopas was slain and tho' there were Guard-Ships yet he supposed it less hazardous to attack twenty at Athens than ten elsewhere For he knew that the Seamen lay on board the Ships which were abroad but that the Captains lay in their own houses in Athens and the Seamen were disperst up and down Upon these reasons he set Sail and when he came within five or six Furlongs of the Port he lay still and refreshed awhile By break of Day he stood into the Port with the rest of the Fleet and then he gave Orders to the Ships that they should neither destroy nor sink any of the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Merchant-men were round built and the Men of War of a longish form Sch. Thucyd. ad lib. 2. Merchant-men but lash those fast that were loaden and tow them out to disable any Gallies they saw upon the Guard to board the biggest Vessels and to take all the men they could Accordingly some leaping into the Digma seized the Merchants and Masters of Ships and haled them on board Whilst Teleutias was employed about this Action * A place where the Samples of Goods were shewn those in Athens hearing of it came running out to see what was the occasion of the Alarm those out of the Town hastned some to get Arms and others with the News to the City All the Athenians both heavy-armed men and Horse came with Succours as if the Piraeus had been taken In the mean while Teleutias sent his Ships to Aegina and commanded three or four Gallies to be carried thither with them whilst he with the rest coasted along Attica and when he was got clear of the Port he took a great many Fisher-boats Passage-boats full of men as they came from the Islands Then coming to Sunium he took several Barges loaden with Corn and others with Merchandise After this he went to Aegina and selling the Prizes he gave every Seaman a Months Pay advance whereby he kept the Ships well manned and the men wholly at his devotion After that he cruised about and took a great many Prizes About this time Antalcidas return'd out of Asia with Teribazus having prevailed with the King to joyn the Lacedemonians if the Athenians and their Confederates would not accept the Peace which he proposed But when he heard that Nicolochus was blockt up at Abydus by Iphicrates and Diotimus he went thither by Land and from thence put to Sea with the Fleet at Night spreading a Report as if the Chalcedonians had sent for him and entring the Harbour at Percope lay still there * Demaenetus Dionysius Leontichus Phanias The Athenian Admirals having Intelligence of his design gave him Chase to Praeconnesus but Antalcidas after they had passed by him hearing that Polyxenus was coming with twenty Sail from the Syracusians and Italians returned back again to Abydus to joyn him About the same time Thrasybulus Colyttensis set sail with eight Ships from Thrace intending to joyn the rest of the Athenian Fleet but the Scout making his sign to Antalcidas that eight Gallies were coming that way he caused twelve of the best Sailers to be manned out commanding them if they had not their Complement to take men out of the rest of the Fleet and to lie in wait for them as secretly as they could when they were passed by he gave them chase As soon as the Athenians saw them they run but the Enemies Ships sailing well soon fetcht upon them being dull ones Whereupon Antalcidas commanded the Van of his Fleet not to attack the sternmost Ships but to chase those a-head When they were taken and the sternmost saw those a-head were seized they desponded and were mastered by the Rear of Antalcidas's Fleet and thus all were taken But after Antalcidas had joyned the twenty Sail from Syracuse and some others from that part of Ionia which was in the Province of Teribazus and more from the Government of Ariobarzanes with whom he had contracted an Alliance of Hospitality it being about the time that the King of Persia sent for Pharnabazus and gave him his Daughter in marriage he had a Fleet of above eighty sail wherewith he Lorded it over the Sea prohibiting the Pontic Ships from sailing to Athens whither they were bound and * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 obliged them to go into the Ports of the Confederates The Athenians seeing the Enemy had a powerful Fleet that the King had joyn'd the Lacedemonians and the Capers of Aegina blocked them up feared they should be subdued as they were before Theodotus Archon and therefore they earnestly desired a Peace In like manner the Lacedemonians keeping one Regiment in Garrison at Lechaeum and another at Orchomenus to defend the Cities that were faithful from being destroyed as also to prevent those they suspected from revolting and having a powerful Diversion at Corinth grew sick of the War. The Argives likewise understanding that an Army was to be sent against them and knowing that their former Pretexts would fail them became inclinable to a Peace Whereupon Teribazus summoned those that would comply with the Proposals of Peace sent by the King when they came together and were assembed Teribazus shew'd them the Kings Seal and read the Instrument which run thus Artaxerxes King of Persia is of opinion that he has a just Title to the Asiatic Towns The Articles of Peace brought by Antalcidas from the King of Persia as also to the Islands Clazomenae and Cyprus That the rest of the Greek Cities both greater and lesser ought to be free except Lemnos Imbros and Scirus which anciently belonged to the Athenians * It was afterwards annext to the main Land. Strab. and are still to remain in their possession whoever will not accept of these Conditions I and the Allies will make War upon them with all our Forces both by Sea and Land. The Ambassadors made their Report hereof to their respective
Communities and at length all obliged themselves by Oath to confirm the Peace Only the Thebans would ratifie it in the Name of the rest of the Baeotians but Agesilaus refused to accept their Oath unless they would swear according to the Tenour of the Kings Letters which was that the lesser as well as greater Cities should be set free The Theban Ambassadors replyed The Letters were not directed to them Go then said Agesilaus and consult your Masters about it and tell them moreover that if they will not accept these Proposals they shall be excluded the League After their departure Agesilaus out of hatred to the Thebans lost no time but moved the Ephori against them and immediately Sacrificed when having signs of a prosperous Expedition he marcht to Tegea and from thence sent the Horse to the neighbouring places as also the Commanders of the Mercenaries to hasten their Conjunction of the Army But before he moved from Tegea the Thebans arrived and signified that they would restore the Cities to their Liberties Whereupon the Lacedemonians returned home and the Thebans were obliged to make Peace allowing the Baeotian Towns their own Laws Nevertheless the Corinthians did not dismiss their Garison of Argives upon which Agesilaus threatned the one that if they did not discharge the Argives and the others that if they did not quit Corinth he would treat them as Enemies Both being frighted herewith the Armies departed the Town and the City of Corinth was restored to its liberty The Murderers and those that were conscious to themselves that they were concerned in the Massacre departed and the rest of the Citizens very willingly received those formerly banished Hereupon the respective Communities swore to observe the Articles of Peace sent by the King and the Land together with the Naval Forces were disbanded This was the first Peace that was made between the Lacedemonians Athenians and their Allies since the Walls of Athens were demolished And though the Lacedemonians did in a manner ballance the power of the Enemies during the War yet they gained themselves a great deal of Reputation from that called the Antalcidean Peace which the King of Persia Proposed For they being Guarrantees of it restored the Cities to their Liberty made Corinth their Ally and as they formerly desired freed the Boeotian Towns from the Jurisdiction of the Thebans Besides they obliged the Argives to quit their Pretensions to Corinth and decreed to send an Army against them unless they abandoned the Place When Affairs succeeded thus according to their desires Mystichides Archon they resolved to revenge themselves on those Allies who during the War had inclined more to the Interest of the Enemy than theirs and for the future to make such Provision as that it should not lie in their power to prove false First therefore they sent to the Mantineans commanding them to demolish their Walls and telling them that unless they did they could not believe but that they favoured their Enemies adding they had Intelligence that they sent the Argives Provisions who were at War with them and that at other times they would not joyn them but pretended a Truce and when they did they did them but ill Service Moreover they perceived that they envied their Success and were much pleased at any misfortune that befel them Besides the * This Truce was made the XIV year of the Pelopon War Thucyd. Lib. V. Dexitheus Archon XXX years Truce made after the Battel of Mantinea expired this Year The Argives refused to demolish their Walls and thereupon an Army was sent against them Agesilaus requested the States to excuse him this Expedition affirming that the Mantineans had done his Father very good Service in the Messenian War. Hereupon Agesipolis led the Army though his Father Pausanias had a good understanding with the Chief men of Mantinea He entred the Countrey and burnt it but yet when the Mantineans did not demolish their Walls for all this he drew a Line of Circumvallation about the Town carrying on the Works with one half of the Army and defending those that were employed about them with the other After the Lines were finished he encompassed the Town about with a Wall without any loss but when he understood that it was well stored with Provisions the former having been a plentiful Year thinking 't would be an hard case to wear out the Army and Allies with a long Expedition he dammed up a large River that ran through the Town and stopping its course raised it above the Foundations of the Walls and Houses Whereupon the lowermost Bricks being moistned yielded under the uppermost and the Wall cracking leaned upon that the Mantineans propped it up with Wood and made a Work to prevent the Tower from falling But when they saw they were overpowred by the Water fearing the Wall would drop down quite round whereby they should easily fall into the Enemie's hands they consented to demolish it But the Lacedemonians would hearken to no Terms unless they would consent to live in Villages The Mantineans seeing themselves necessitated yielded to their Conditions They that favoured the Argives and Chief men apprehended they should suffer death but Pausanias prevailed with his Son Agesipolis for sixty of them to depart the Town with safe Conduct The Lacedemonians stood on both sides from the Gates with their Pikes to view them as they marcht out and though they hated the Mantineans yet the Private Soldiers forbore them with much more moderation than the Officers of the Mantineans would have done which I have mentioned as a testimony of great Obedience to their Commanders From this time the Walls were pulled down and Mantinea divided into four Parts being inhabited as in former times The People were troubled at first because they were obliged to pull down their Houses and build others anew Yet they became well satisfied with the change being nearer their Estates which lay just by the Villages being governed by an Aristocracy and delivered from the oppressing Demagogues so that when the Lacedemonians sent an Officer to each Village to raise men they came into the Service with more readiness than when they were governed by a Democracy These were the Transactions at Mantinea By which others may learn not to draw Rivers through the Walls of their Cities The Phliasian Exiles observing that the Lacedemonians took an Account of all the Allies bevaviour towards them in the War Olymp. 99. Diotrephes Archon and supposing they had now a fair opportunity in their hands went to Lacedemon and represented that whilst they enjoyed their Countrey their City both received the Lacedemonians and followed them in all their Expeditions But after they were expulst the rest would serve the Lacedemonians in no capacity they of all men being excluded their City When the Ephori heard this they thought it a matter worthy their consideration and sent a Message to the Community of the Phliasians to let them know that the Exiles were well
affected to the Republick of the Lacedemonians and that they were unjustly banished as also to desire that they might be restored with their Consent and not by Force This put the Phliasians in a fear lest some in the Town should let in the Lacedemonians if they appeared before it with an Army Moreover apprehending that there were several of the Exile's Relations in the Town with others that favoured their Party and as in most Republicks some young men disposed to a change and for recalling the banished men they decreed that the Exiles should be readmitted and such of their Goods restored as were not sold and those that were should be made good out of the Publick Treasury and if any Controversie should arise amongst them it should be decided by Law. Thus the Affair about the Phliasian Exiles was adjusted at that time Soon after there came Ambassadors to Lacedemon from Acanthus and Apollonia which were the greatest Cities near Olynthus When the Ephori understood their Errand they introduced them to the Assembly and Confederates where Cligenes the Acanthian made this Speech I suppose My Lords of Lacedemon Clygenes's Speech and you the Allies that there is now a growing Mischief in Greece of which you have not yet taken notice Most of you know that Olynthus is the greatest City in Thrace the Inhabitants whereof have drawn some Towns into their Alliance upon Terms to enjoy the same Laws and live in the same Community They have united some of the more considerable Cities and attempted to wrest the Macedonian Towns from the Allegiance of Amyntas their King Vpon the coming in of the Neighbouring Places they soon proceeded to those more remote and bigger Amongst several other Cities we left them possest of Pella which is far the greatest of any in Macedon Since we understand that Amyntas abandons his Towns and may be said to be only not dispossest of all his Countrey The Olynthians sent to us and the Apollonians a threatning Message how that if we joyned them not they would turn their Arms upon us We desire My Lords to enjoy our own Laws and live under our own Government but if none will assist us we must of necessity associate They have no less than eight hundred Heavy-armed men of Targetiers a greater number and if we joyn with them they will make above a thousand Horse Besides we left the Athenian and Boeotian Ambassadors there and we heard that the Olynthians had decreed to send theirs to treat of a League Offensive and Defensive with these Confederate Cities if therefore the Athenians and Thebans gain such an Accession of Strength beware they prove not too many for you Moreover seeing they are possessed of Potidaea on the Isthmus of Pallene it 's certain that those Towns which are within it will fall into their hands The Consternation those Cities are in may be a sufficient Demonstration thereof who though they bear an inveterate hatred to the Olynthians yet durst not send their Ambassadors with us to represent the State of their Affairs Again consider with your selves how can you in probability prevent all Boeotia from Associating when you regard not the Conjunction of a greater force that gathers strength so fast both by Sea and Land. What can hinder them they have Timber enough in their own Countrey for Shipping They can't want Money for they have Customs from their Ports and Towns of Mart their Plenty also makes them Populous Besides all this the Thracians who are their Neighbours and not under a Kingly Government do now caress them And if they be subdued by them this also will be a formidable addition to their Power and if all these Designs succeed the Gold Mines at Pangaeus must of necessity follow I 'll mention nothing now but what is the common talk of the Town What need I tell you of their haughty Minds their Spirit and Ambition who can express Perhaps God and Nature have so contrived man that as our Fortune so our aspiring Humor should also rise We My Lords have faithfully represented to you the State of Affairs and now 't is your part to consider whether they be worthy your regard or not This I must not forget to tell you too that their Power indeed is great yet it is not so formidable as you need fear to grapple with The Towns which were forct into the Confederacy when they see a Power on foot will soon fly off again But if once they be linkt together with inter-marriages and Commerce which they have made a Law to encourage and shall apprehend how advantagious it is to follow the Victor as the Arcadians who whilst they sided with you both saved themselves and plundered others perhaps it will be no easie matter to dissolve their Vnion After this Speech Phanostratus Archon the Lacedemonians gave the Confederates leave to speak exhorting every one of them to offer what they thought would be most adviseable in this Conjuncture for the Peloponnesians and Allies Thereupon several proposed a War especially those that would ingratiate with the Lacedemonians so it was resolved to send to the respective Cities a list of ten thousand men to be raised 'T was debated too that those Towns which would contribute Money instead of men might 6 d. ¼ provided they paid three Aeginean Oboli for each man and that if any set out Horse each Trooper should have the pay of four Heavy-armed men Moreover if any of the Towns declined the Service it should be lawful for the Lacedemonians to mulct them one Stater a day for every man. 15 s. 7 d. ob After they had thus resolved the Acanthians rose up again and shewed that these were good Decrees yet could not be quickly put in Execution Declaring it would be better whilst these Levies were making that a General and what Forces could be raised on a suddain in Lacedemon and other Places should march forthwith for hereby those Cities which were not yet associated would remain firm and such as were forced into the Alliance would be colder in their Assistance This being agreed on the Lacedemonians sent out about two thousand of the Half-Slaves Neighbouring People A Band of chosen men which fought by the King Diod. Sic. â—ib XV. and Sciritae Eudamidas when he began his march entreated the Ephori that his Brother Phoebidas should assemble the Forces he had raised but left behind and follow him When he arrived in Thrace he sent Garisons to those Towns which desired them and took Potidaea one of the Associated Towns upon surrender This place he made the Seat of War and managed it as well as could be expected from the small force he had In the mean while Phaebidas assembling the Forces that Eudamidas left behind marched with them and when he arrived at Thebes he encamped without the City by the Artillery ground At that time Ismenias and Leontiades being chief * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 There were two of
them Magistrates there were Divisions among the people they bearing one another a mutual hatred and being the leading men of their Factions Ismenias out of spight to the Lacedemonians would not go near Phaebidas on the other hand Leontiades caressed him and becoming familiar discourst him thus This very day Phoebidas it lies in your power to do your Country a signal piece of Service for if you will follow me with your Heavy-armed men I will bring you into the Citadel and when this is done assure your self Thebes will be wholly at the Devotion of the Lacedemonians and us your Friends You see it has been decreed that no Theban should follow you to the Olynthian Wars but if you will joyn with us in this Design we will send a strong Supply of Heavy-armed men and Horse that you may hereby re-inforce your Brother with a very considerable body of men and whilst he is reducing Olynthus you way possess your selves of Thebes which is far the greater City When Phaebidas heard this he was hugely transported for he loved the performance of a noble Enterprize more than life it self though he never had the Reputation of a prudent and thinking man. After it was concluded on Leontiades bid him march forward as though he was preparing for his Voyage and when it is time said he I will come and Conduct you my self The Senate was sitting at that time in the Porch of the Market-place because the Women kept the Feast of Ceres in the Citadel and the Streets were thin it being Summer-time and the heat of the day when Leontiades rode after Phaebidas and calling him back led him directly to the Citadel where having posted Phaebidas and his men he delivered him the Keys of the Gates advising him to let none enter without his Order From thence he went strait to the Senate and being come thither spake thus My Lords Be not disheartned though the Lacedemonians are possest of the Citadel for they declare they come not to any in an hostile manner but such as love hostility I seize this Ismenias for levying of War pursuant to the Law which authorizes the chief Magistrate to apprehend any person suspected of Treason Ye Captains and those under your Command rise take him and commit him to safe Custody They that were privy to the Design drawing near obey'd and laid hold on Ismenias the others that knew nothing of the matter and were Enemies to Leontiades's Faction immediately left the Town fearing they should be put to death the rest having retired home before After they understood that Ismenias was committed to the Tower those that were of his and Androclides's Faction being about four hundred fled to Athens Upon this they chose another chief Magistrate instead of Ismenias Leontiades went immediately to Lacedemon where he found the Ephori and people much offended at Phaebidas for having acted without Orders In whose defence Agesilaus pleaded that if he had done any thing in prejudice of the State he ought to be punished but if good Service he by their ancient Laws might do such things without Commission You ought therefore said he to consider whether what he has done be for your Interest or not When Leontiades came to the General Assembly he made this Speech My Lords of Lacedemon Leontides's Speech You your selves confess that the Thebans were disposed to a War before these Transactions you perceivod too that they always favoured your Enemies and hated your Friends They would not assist you against the people in the Piraeus that made so fierce opposition against you yet they made War upon the Phoceans only because they were well affected towards you Nay when they understood that you employed your Arms against the Olynthians they made an Alliance with them and you continually expected to hear that they had reduced Boeotia Now since Affairs stand thus you need not have any apprehensions of the Thebans one short private Letter will be sufficient to render every thing there agreeable to your desires Provided you will as cordially espouse our Interest as we do yours When the Lacedemonians heard this they decreed that as the Citadel had been surprized so it should be kept and that Ismenias should be brought to his Tryal Soon after they sent three Judges of the Lacedemonians and of the Confederates one from each City both small and great The Judges being sat Ismenias was indicted for holding Correspondence with the Barbarians and for contracting a Friendship with the Persian which was out of no good design to Greece and for sharing of the Money sent by the King and for being together with Androclides the chief Fomenter of all the Troubles in Greece To all this he pleaded yet could not clear himself from being thought an Enterprizer of great Designs and those not very good ones so he was condemned and executed Hereupon Leontiades's Party being possessed of the City were more observant of the Lacedemonians than was expected from them After this the Lacedemonians pursued the War against the Olynthians more vigorously and sent Teleutias General issuing out Orders for the raising an Army of ten thousand men and directed their Letters to the Confederate Towns commanding them to follow Teleutias in the Expedition pursuant to the Decree of the Allies Wherefore amongst others that freely offered their Service to him being a person no ways ungrateful to those that serv'd under him the City of Thebes sent him being the Brother of Agesilaus both Heavy-arm'd men and Horse He made no extraordinary hast but took all possible care that the Army might do their Friends no harm in their march and to raise as great Forces as he possibly could he also dispatched a Message before to Amyntas requiring him to hire some Mercenaries and distribute money amongst the Kings his Neighbours if so be he had any thoughts of recovering his Kingdom Besides he sent to Derdas Prince of Elimea to let him know that the Olynthians had already subdued the greater Monarchy which was that of Macedone nor would they forbear a lesser unless their Insolence were checkt When he had dispatcht these Affairs and drawn a very powerful Army together he marched to the Frontiers of the Consederates and arriving at Potidaea made a general Muster and entred the Enemies Country But when he advanced towards Olynthus he neither burned nor destroyed any thing supposing if he took any such course it would hinder him both in his March and Retreat yet it would do well to cut down the Trees when he retired from the Walls of the City and thereby divert the Enemy from falling on his Rear As soon as he came within less than ten Furlongs of the City he halted leading the left Wing himself the other Body of the Confederates being placed in the right For so it hapned that he marched towards the Gate at which the Enemy went out The Lacedemonian and Theban Horse together with the Macedonians he placed in the right keeping Derdas with his
four hundred Horse near him partly because he admired these Troops and partly to shew respect to Derdas thereby to oblige him the more to the Service Afterwards the Enemy sallying out of the Town drew up under the Walls and marshalling their Horse in a close Body charged the Lacedemonians and Baeotians and beating Polycharmus General of the Lacedemonian Cavalry of his Horse gave him a great many wounds as he lay on the ground and killed some others At last the Horse in the right were routed and they flying the Foot that were next them gave ground so that the whole Army was in danger of being defeated had not Derdas advanced with his Horse to the Gates of the City and Teleutias seconded him with his Troops in good order which when the Olynthian Cavalry perceived they faced about and retreated with great diligence searing they should be cut off from the Gates Derdas killed a great many of their Horse as they passed by him but the Infantry being near the Walls retired back into the Town without much loss Teleutias having obtained this Advantage erected a Trophy cut down the Trees and retreated disbanding the Macedonian Troops and those of Derdas at the end of the Campagn Nevertheless the Olynthians making several Incursions into the Territories of the Lacedemonian Confederates ravaged the Country and killed the Inhabitants Early in the Spring near six hundred of the Olynthian Horse over-ran the Country about Apollonia at Mid-day Menaâ—der Archon and foraged in small Parties The same day Derdas arrived with his Cavalry and Dined there When he saw the Inroad he lay still having the Horses in readiness and their Riders armed But the Olynthians advancing to the Suburbs and Gates of the Town in contempt of him he went out against them with a body of men As soon as they discovered him they sell to flight and he having put them once to the rout gave not over pursuing and slaying for ninety Furlongs together and followed them up to the Walls of Olynthus 'T was reported that Derdas killed eighty of their Cavalry in this Action and from this time the Enemy kept themselves within their Walls tilling but little ground Some time after Teleutias moved to the Walls of Olynthus destroying every Tree and all the ground that was tilled On the contrary the Olynthian Horse going out and marching gently passed the River that ran by the Town and advanced slowly towards the Enemy Teleutias seeing them was provoked by their boldness and ordered Tlemonidas who commanded the Targetiers instantly to charge them with sull speed When the Olynthians discovered them running before the rest of the Army they faced about and making a gentle Retreat repassed the River The Lacedemonians followed them very boldly and as they retreated the others pursued and passed the River after them The Olynthian Horse thinking they could master those that were already come over saced about and charged them killing Tlemonides with above a hundred more When Teleutias saw it he was enraged and taking up his Arms again he instantly drew out the Heavy-arm'd men and commanded the Targetiers and Horse to pursue without any intermission Hereby it hapned that as several indiscreetly followed the Enemy too near the Wall they came short home for they being shot at from the Turrets were forced to retire in disorder and defend themselves from the Arrows The Olynthians being supported with a body of Targetiers charged with their Horse and at length the Heavy-arm'd men run out and attacked the disordered Troops of the Enemy In this Skirmish Teleutias died fighting which when those near him saw they gave ground nor did the rest stand any longer but were totally routed some flying to Spartolus others to Acanthus some to Apollonia and most of them to Potidaea Thus as they fled several ways dispersedly so the Enemy pursuing them in small bodies killed abundance and those too the slower of that great Army From these Accidents men may learn this general Instruction Not to correct Servants in their passion for sometimes they have suffered more themselves in their Commotions than what they have inflicted upon others And to attack an Enemy rather in a rage than upon mature deliberation is the most unpardonable fault in the World. Passion is inconsiderate but Reason is no less circumspect to secure it self than to annoy an Enemy When the Lacedemonians received News of this Disaster Demophilus Archon they resolved to send a considerable Force to take down the Pride of the Victors and not to make a fruitless Expedition as the former was They made a Decree and sent King Agesipolis to be their General with thirty Commissioners as they had done before to Agesilaus when he marcht into Asia Many of the Neighbouring people who were valiant men went Voluntiers and several of the Mercenaries that were bred in the Service as also the Natural Sons of the Spartans that were comely men 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 so 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for studious men è Proem ad Ex. de leg Hist Byz and had been educated in the Spartan Discipline several Voluntiers too went out of the Confederate Towns amongst which were some Thessalian Horse who had a desire to signalize themselves before Agesipolis Amyntas and Derdas likewise pursued the War now more vigorously than formerly At that time Agesipolis having got his Army together marched to Olynthus In the mean while the Phliasian Republick having been commended by Agesipolis for contributing so largely and readily to the carrying on of the War and supposing that whilst he was abroad Agesilaus would not come against them nor that both Kings would leave Sparta at the same time treated the recalled Exiles very rudely and contrary to all justice For the banished men prayed that their Cases might be heard at an indifferent Tribunal but they compelled the Exiles to try them in their own City and though they pleaded that no justice could be expected there where the same were Judges and Parties too yet for all this they had no hearing After that the recalled Exiles being accompanied with several others from home went to Lacedemon and accused their Republick alledging that many of their Citizens had not justice done them The Phliasian Government provoked by this fined all those that went thither without a Deputation from the City and they who were fined remained there fearing to return home and declared that things were arbitrarily carried on by those who banished them and expulsed the Lacedemonians that they had bought up the Exiles Goods and forcibly detain'd them having procured that they should be fined for coming to Lacedemon that so none for the future should dare to go thither and discover what was done in the City The Ephori plainly apprehending by this that the Phliasians would grow insolent Olymp. 100. Pytheus Archon decreed to send an Army against them and Agesilaus was glad of this opportunity For Podanemus and his relatious the guests of his Father
Archidamus were some of the Recalled as also was Procles * Son of Hipponicus the Guest of Agesilaus As soon as the Preparatory Ceremonies for the Expedition were over he made no delay but began his march several Ambassadors met him and brought him Money that he might not enter their Countries to whom he gave this answer That he intended to oppress none in this his Expedition but to relieve the oppressed At last they submitted to his Terms and entreated him not to enter their Territories He replied That he could not give Credit to their words because they had broke their Faith before therefore they ought now to convince him by their Deeds Being asked what these should be He told them If you 'l do that which if you had done before all this trouble might have been prevented that was to deliver up their Citadel which when they refused he marched into their Country and forthwith invested their City Yet because the Lacedemonians talkt that above five thousand men would be rendred disaffected to their Republick for the sake of a few the Phliasians having openly discoursed it in the Camp to make it the more be taken notice of Agesilaus obviated their Design For when any of the Relations and Friends of the Exiles came out of the Town he advised his men to carry them to the Publick * Private Banquets were forbidden by Lycurgus thereby to prevent luxury every one that came to this publick place brought his own Commons with him eating places and to supply as many as would exercise with sufficient Necessaries commanding them to furnish all with Arms and not scruple to take up money upon credit for this They obey'd his Orders and set out above a thousand able men extraordinary well disciplined and appointed that at last the Lacedemonians confessed they wanted such Auxiliaries Whilst Agesilaus was taken up about this Action Agesipolis came directly out of Macedone and appeared with his Army before the Walls of Olynthus but meeting with no Opposition he ravaged all the Country about it and falling upon their confederate Cities burnt all the Corn and took Torone by storm Agesipolis dies Being thus employed in the height of Summer he was seized with a Calenture and having seen Bacchus's Temple at Aphytos he longed for the shady Grove as also the Crystal and cool waters there whither he was carried alive and died the Seven-night after he was first taken ill without the Consecrated * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ground He was Embalmed in Honey and from thence carried home where he had the Funeral Solemnities of a Spartan King. When Agesilaus heard it he was not pleased as one would imagine with the removal of a Rival but shed tears for the loss of his Conversation Because both the Kings when they are at home have the same Apartment together and Agesipolis was able to entertain him with Discourses pleasing to young men as of Dogs Horses and Love Intrigues having a secret aw and Reverence for him as being the more experienc'd man. In his stead the Lacedemonians sent Polybiades to go General against the Olynthians Nicon Archon Agesilaus had spent more time already in the Siege of Phlius than it was said to be Victualled for But so great difference there is betwixt Regulation and the Gut that the Phliasians decreeing to come to half their former Allowance and putting that Decree in execution they held out twice as long again as 't was thought they could have done And such an Ascendant has Daringness over poor spirited men that one Delphio a gallant sort of man taking only a Guard of three hundred prevented those that were inclined to a Peace from making one and committed them he was suspicious of to safe Custody obliging the people to Duty and kept them firm in their obedience by going the Rounds Several times he sallied with his Guards and beat the Enemy from their Posts on the Lines till at length they could find no Provision in the Town though they searched for it and then they desired Agesilaus to give their Ambassadours Pass-ports for Lacedemon acquainting him withal that the City had decreed to furrender to the Lacedemonian Magistrates upon discretion Agesilaus being offended because they had passed him by sent to his Friends at home procured the affair of Phlius to be wholly remitted to him Yet he gave safe Conduct to the Deputies and pressed those in the Town harder than before so that none could get out except Delphio and a Slave that had taken a great many Arms from the Besiegers who made their escape by Night When the Orders came from Lacedemon how that the Republick referred the whole to Agesilaus to determine according to his own discretion he made this Determination That fifty of the recalled Exiles and as many of the other Citizens should be chosen to decide who ought to be pardoned and who put to death to make Laws by which they should govern and till these things were setled he left a Garison with six Months Pay. After this he disbanded the Confederates and marched with his own Troops home And thus the Phliasian War was concluded in a Year and eight Months About this time Polybiades obliged the Olynthians to send to Lacedemon for Peace they being reduced to great extremity by Famine for that they could neither get in Provisions by Land nor import them by Sea. Thither their Plenipotentiaries went and made a Peace upon these Articles That they should come into the Alliance that they should make a League Offensive and Defensive and serve the Lacedemonians in all their Wars after the Articles were signed they returned home The Lacedemonians seeing their Affairs in so flourishing Condition thought their Empire was well and firmly established on all sides for the Thebans and the rest of the Boeotians were wholly reduced the Corinthians made their faithful Allies the Argives humbled and put by their old Pretences the Athenians deserted by all and the disaffected Confederates mulcted Many other Examples might be brought both from the Greeks and Barbarians The Lacedemonian Empire declines to prove that the Gods are not unmindful of wickedness and injustice yet I shall only make use of this Passage that falls within the compass of my History The Lacedemonians who had sworn to leave the States to be governed by their own Laws yet reserving to themselves the Citadel of Thebes were punished by those only whom they had injured having till this time kept the Reputation of Invincible So that seven only of the Exiles were enough to ruine those that delivered up the Citadel to the Lacedemonians intending thereby to enslave the City that they themselves might Lord it over the rest I will relate the particulars how it hapned There was one Phyllidas Secretary to Archias his Colleagues Nausinicus Archon the chief Magistrate a man thought capable to manage Business of the highest Concern who coming to Athens about some Occasions fell
unless he was first possest of Cithaeron and being advertised that the Cletorians were at War with the Orchomenians and had entertained Mercenary Troops in their Service he treated with them to lend him those Forces in case he had occasion for them After he had obtained an auspicious Sacrifice for his Expedition he sent before he arrived with his Army at Tegea to the General of the Mercenaries that served under the Cletorians and gave them a Months pay commanding them to go and possess themselves of Cithaeron and ordered the Orchomenians to forbear Hostilities threatning also that if any City should make War during the time of this Expedition he would persuant to the Decree of the Confederates fall immediately upon them After he had passed Cithaeron he arrived at Thespiae and parting from thence with his Army he marched into the Thebans Countrey and finding the Plain and best Parts of it entrenched and fortified with Palisadoes he encamped in several Places and after Dinner sent out Parties to burn and destroy the Countrey that lay before his Works For wheresoever Agesilaus marched the Enemy appeared upon the Defensive Part within their Trenches But when he returned to his Camp the Theban Horse lying under a Covert sallied out of the Avenews about the time the Targetiers were getting their Supper ready and preparing for it the Horse being partly mounted and dismounted They charged and killed Cleo and Epilytidas two Spartan Horsemen as also Eudicus one of the Neighbourhood of Sparta with some of the Athenian Exiles that had not yet mounted But when Agesilaus faced about and came to their Assistance with the Heavy-armed men and Horse supported by those that were ten years above man's estate and charged them full speed The Theban Horse shew themselves to be meer Slugs 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 'T was a note of Luxury and Sottishness to sleep after Dinner Athen. standing their Ground only till the Cavalry advanced and threw their Lances but reached them not for as soon as they did they gave back and lost twelve of their men Agesilaus understanding that the Enemy used to appear in the Field after it was Noon sacrificed by break of Day and marching with diligence entred their Trenches through a Place that was not well guarded wasting and destroying all to the Gates of Thebes After this Action he retired to Thespiae and walled the Town appointing Phoebidas Governour of the Place and marching back again to Megara disbanded the Auxiliaries and returned home with his Spartans From that time Phoebidas sent out Foragers to ruin and destroy the Countrey about Thebes who wasted it with their continual Depredations On the contrary the Thebans to be even with them fell with all their Forces into the Thespians Countrey but whilst they were there Phoebidas observed them and obliged them to keep together in a close Body So that the Thebans being weary of their invasion hastened their Retreat out of the Countrey the Muletiers also threw away the Corn they carried and drave their Mules home so great a Consternation was the Army in Then Phoebidas taking the Targetiers along with him commanded the Heavy-armed men to follow and pressed the Enemy very hard hoping to give them a total Defeat For he led on very boldly encouraging his men to set seriously to their Work and the Thespian Heavy-armed men to follow The Theban Cavalry getting together in a Body retired to a Forest that could not be passed through and there they turned upon the Enemy because there was no way to retreat Whereupon the formost of the Lacedemonian Targetiers being few in number and struck with a terror fell to flight Which the Theban Horse seeing they were encouraged to fall upon those that fled and soon after Phoebidas with two or three more that fought by him were slain Whereupon all the Mercenaries fled When they came in their pursuit to the Heavy-armed men of the Thespians these who before disdained to yield to the Thebans turned their backs though pursued by none because it was late in the Evening and though but few of them were slain yet they stopped not till they had a Wall between them and their Enemy By this Action the Theban Affairs recovered new Life again so that they made War upon the Thespians and other Neighbouring Cities causing the People to remove from these Places to Thebes there being in those Towns the same Government as in that City by which the Friends of the Lacedemonians were weakned there After Phaebidas was slain the Lacedemonians sent a Colonel with a Regiment by Sea to put into the Garison at Thespiae In the Spring the Lacedemonians sent an Army against Thebes Olymp. 101. Chariander Archon and intreated Agesilaus to command it He took the same Measures in this Expedition as in the other sending before he had an auspicious Sacrifice to the Colonel at Thespiae to possess himself of the Pass over Cithaeron and keep it till he himself arrived thither When Agesilaus passed this Hill and came to Plataeae he made as if he would first march to Thespiae sending thither and ordering Provisions to be got ready and the Deputies to expect him there The Day following Agesilaus sacrificed by break of Day and reaching Erythroe performed two days march in one and passed the Trench at Scolum before the Thebans came from the Guard of that Post where he entred at first Having performed this he destroyed the Thebans Countrey as far as that of Tanagra which hitherto was defended by Hypatadorus and his men the Lacedemonian Allies and retreated to the left of the Town The Thebans coming upon him drew up in Batallia at a Place called the Old Woman's Breast having secured their Rear with a Ditch and Palisado supposing they might easily hazard a Battle there because the Place was very narrow and not easily accessible Agesilaus seeing this did not attack them but marched a contrary way towards Thebes the Thebans being in pain for their City because it was naked left the place where they were drawn up and hastned thither with diligence by the way that leads to Potniae that being the securest This was esteemed a neat Stratagem for Agesilaus by retiring a good distance from the Enemy obliged them also to retreat full speed besides the Colonels flanked them with some Regiments as they passed by On the other hand the Thebans darted their Javelins from the Hill so that Alipetus one of the Colonels was killed therewith Yet the Thebans were beaten from this Hill and the Sciritae ascending with a Party of Horse cut off some of their Rear as they passed by towards Thebes When the Thebans were advanced near the Walls they faced about which the Sciritae seeing retired with diligence and though not one of them was lost yet the Thebans erected a Trophy because the Enemy retreated from the Place to which they had first ascended The Season being advanced Agesilaus parted thence and encamped in a Place where he discovered the
Enemy first drawn up and the next Day decamped marching the way that leads to Thespiae The Mercenary Targetiers of the Thebans following them very boldly called to Chabrias to keep up close the Olynthian Horse also who according to a Treaty served under the Thebans facing about pursued them to the rise of an Hill and killed a great many for the Hill being easie to be rode up the Horse made the Foot Prisoners on the Ascent Afterwards when Agesilaus came to Thespiae and found the People divided the Lacedemonian Faction giving out that they would put their Adversaries to death one of which was Meno he would not permit it but composed the Differences and made them sware mutually to be Friends From thence he returned over Cithoeron the way that goes to Megara and there having disbanded the Auxiliaries marched home with the Troops of his own Countreymen The Thebans being hard pressed with scarcity of Provisions at this time because they had reaped no Corn for two years together manned two Gallies and sent ten Talents to be expended in Corn at Pagasae 1875 l. But whilst they were buying of their Corn Alcetas the Lacedemonian Governour of Oreum fitted out three Gallies taking particular care that his Design might not be discovered After it was shipped off Alcetas took that and the Gallies and the men being no less than three hundred and put them into the Citadel where he himself quartered They say then that Alcetas had a marvellous handsome Boy of Oreum to wait upon him whose Company he went down from the Citadel to enjoy The Prisoners observing this his carelessness seized the Citadel upon which the Town revolted and the Thebans imported plenty of Corn. In the beginning of the Spring following Hippodamus Archon Agesilaus was confined to his Bed for when he marcht with his Army out of the Thebans Countrey to Megara as he was going out of Venus's Temple into the Senate-house he broke a Vein somewhere or other in his Body and the Blood flowed out from thence into the sound Leg then the calf swelling and the pains growing intollerable a Syracusian Doctor opened a Vein by the Ankle Yet the blood ran Day and Night continually and did not stop do what they could till he swounded and then it stanched From hence he was carried to Lacedemon where he lay sick the rest of the Summer and the Winter following Early in the Spring the Lacedemonians sent out another Army Socratides Archon and gave the Command thereof to Cleombrotus who marched with his Forces to Cithaeron the Targetiers went before to possess themselves of the Places that lay above the Road but a Party of Athenians and Thebans having taken the Hill before them they let them ascend and having gotten them within their power rose up pursued and killed near forty of them After this Action Cleombrotus thinking it impossible to pass into the Thebans Countrey marched back again with his Army and disbanded them At that time the Confederates being assembled at Lacedemon muttered that they were consumed by the War through the negligence of their Generals that they could man out a much stronger Fleet than the Athenians and could starve their City that they could transport an Army in this Fleet into the Countrey of Thebes either at Phocis or Creusis Hereupon they fitted out sixty Sail and made Pollis Admiral Nor were they mistaken in their Measures for the Athenians were blocked up and their Corn Fleet being at Geraestus could not return from thence because the Lacedemonian Fleet lay off of Aegina Ceos and Andros The Athenians considering their own exigencies fitted out a Fleet and engaged with Pollis under the Conduct of Chabrias beat him at Sea and so the Corn was brought into Athens Soon after the Athenians making Preparations to Transport an Army into Boeotia the Thebans entreated them to send another into Peloponnesus supposing if this were done the Lacedemonians would not be able at the same time to defend their own Countrey and their Confederates as also to send a sufficient force against them The Athenians provoked by what Sphodrias had done equipped a Fleet of sixty Sail with great diligence and chose Timotheus their Admiral But the Enemy having neither entred the Thebans Countrey nor Cleombrotus began his march nor Timotheus sailed round Peloponnesus with his Fleet the Thebans vigorously attacked the Neighbouring Towns and retook them In the mean while Timotheus sailed about Peloponnesus and took Corcyra but did not enslave the People nor banish any nor change their Laws whereby he endeared himself to all the adjacent Towns. On the other hand the Lacedemonians set out a Fleet against them appointing Nicholochus their Admiral a very daring sort of man who coming in view of Timotheus's Fleet without any more delay though six of the Ambracians had not joyned him engaged the other sixty six with fifty five of his own and was beaten Thereupon Timotheus erected a Trophy at Aelyzia Afterwards when Timotheus's Gallies were haled up a shore and refitting Nicolochus having joyned the six Ambracians sailed to Aelyzia where he lay and erected a Trophy in the Neighbouring Isles because he came not out Timotheus refitting those Ships he had and equipping more in Corcyra made up above seventy Sail becoming thereby far stronger at Sea and sent to Athens for mony having occasion for large Summs wherewith to maintain so numerous a Fleet. XENOPHON'S History OF THE Affairs of Greece LIB VI. THE CONTENTS Jason made Captain General of Thessaly Mnasippus the Lacedemonian Admiral ruined by his Avarice Iphicrates a Famous General of the Athenians The States of Greece assemble about making a Peace A Peace is made and broken The Battle of Leuctra wherein the Lacedemonians are overthrown by the Thebans Jason is murdered in the height of his Glory The Lacedemonians beg Assistance of the Athenians against the Thebans THE Affairs of the Athenians and Lacedemonians stood thus The Thebans having subdued the Towns of Boeotia carried the War into Phocis whereupon the Phoceans sent Ambassadors to Lacedemon to let them know that if they were not succoured they must necessarily fall into the hands of the Thebans Upon this Message they sent Cleombrotus their King with four Regiments and a Detachment of the Confederates into Phocis Much about this time Polydamas the Pharsalian came out of Thessaly to Lacedemon being esteemed in the other Parts thereof a Person of Honour and Integrity and in his own City was reputed one of that Probity that the Pharsalians in time of Sedition committed the Citadel to his care ordering him to receive the Revenues assigned by Law to be expended on the * The Sacrifices were at the charge of the Publick for the most part and Tâ—eodosius perswades several Heathens to turn Christians because of the costliness of their Religion Suid. in voce 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Sacrifices and other Publick Affairs Out of that Money he kept the Citadel and gave up his Accounts every
with Who either by Stratagem Surprize or Force rarely misses of his Enterprize The Day and Night are all one to him and when Expedition is required he can Eat and March at the same time thinking 'tis then only time to Repose when he is arrived whither he intended and has accomplished what he designed He has also inured his Souldiers to the same hardship understanding how to gratifie the desires of his men when they have adventured hard and to suit his Rewards to their Fancies So that those who serve under him have learnt the result of their Toils to be certain Recreation and pleasure And this advantage he has that never any man was more abstemious from bodily pleasures being never diverted by them from dispatching his business 'T is your concern therefore to consider of these things and to let me know both what you can and what you intend to do Thus he spake the Lacedemonians deferred their Answer and taking into consideration the next day and the day following how many Regiments they had abroad and how many Gallies to fight the Athenians with as also what Forces they had to carry on the War against the Borderers return'd him this Answer That at present they were not in a condition to send him sufficient Succours but exhorted him to go home and put his own Affairs and those of the City in the best posture he could He commended the plain dealing of the Republick and departed Afterwards he went to Jason and entreated him not to oblige him to deliver up the City of Pharsalus but permit him to keep it for them that had committed it to his care and gave his Children for Hostages promising to bring over the City by a free Consent and make him Captain-General Whereupon immediately Hostages being exchanged the Pharsalians obtained Peace and Jason by an universal consent was declared Captain General of the Thessalians After he was chosen he appointed what Quotas of Horse and heavy-armed men each City should furnish having above eight thousand Horse together with the Confederates of heavy-armed men no less than twenty thousand and Targetiers enough to fight any Army whatsoever It would be too tedious a piece of work to reckon up what a number of considerabe Cities were subject to him He ordered all the Neighbouring-people to pay the same Tribute they did in Scopas's time and thus things stood on that side Now I leave Jason's Affairs and return to the place where I made my Digression The Lacedemonians and Confederates assembling in Phocis the Thebans retired into their own Territories and guarded the Passes The Athenians seeing the Thebans though raised by them contribute no Ship-money that they themselves were fleeced with Taxes suffered Depredations from the Aegineans and maintained Garisons were very desirous to bring the War to a conclusion and sent Ambassadors to Lacedemon in order to make a Peace Immediately two of the Ambassadors setting sail from thence by order of the Republick commanded Yimotheus to return home with the Fleet because peace was made In his return he carried the Exiles of Zacynthus and put them a-shore in their own Country Thereupon the Zacynthians sent to Lacedemon and acquainted them with the Injuries they had suffered from Timotheus the Lacedemonians supposing the Athenians had broken the Peace by this action fitted out another Fleet forthwith getting together sixty Sail * From Lacedemon Corinth Leucas Ambracia Elis Zacynthus Achaia Epidaurus Troezen Hermione and the Halieans and appointed Mnasippus Admiral giving him Commission amongst other things to make an Attempt upon Corcyra and to guard the Seas They sent also to Dionysius to let him know that it was his Concern not to suffer Corcyra to remain in the hands of the Athenians Mnasippus having assembled his Fleet went against Corcyra with fifteen hundred Mercenaries besides those from Lacedemon There he making a Descent took the Island and burnt the Country which was neatly Cultivated and Planted having stately Houses and Wine-Cellars in several places Insomuch they report the Souldiers grew so dainty that they would drink none but †This Liquor so much prized by the Ancients was made of new Wine and a mixture of Sea-water their Wines also were perfumed with Violers Roses and other fragrant Flowers Athen. lib. 1. Aromatick-Wine A great many Prisoners and Cattel were also taken in the Country After that Mnasippus encamped on a Hill five Furlongs distant from the City in the Front of the Island that so he might cut off any Forces which entred the Island on that side On the other he lay with the Fleet supposing he could discover any Ships that were going thither and prevent them from landing Moreover he rode in the Port and blockt up the City when he was not hindred by storms The Corcyreans seeing they could get nothing out of the Country because it was possessed by the Enemy and that nothing could be imported by Sea being overpowred there became greatly distressed and sent to desire Succours of the Athenians acquainting them that the taking Corcyra would be both a great loss to them and an accession of strength to the Enemy For no City furnished more Money or Ships than theirs excepting Athens Besides Corcyra lay commodiously for the Bay of Corinth and the places that belonged to it as also opportunely for the infesting Laconia but most advantagiously for the opposite Continent and the Passage out of Sicily into Peloponnesus The Athenians hearing this and thinking it a matter of very great Importance sent Stesicles Commander in Chief with about six hundred Targetiers requesting Alcetas to transport them Accordingly he landed them at a certain place in the Island by Night and so they got into the City Besides they equipped sixty Sail of Ships and appointed Timotheus Admiral who went to the Islands endeavoured to make up their Complement there because he could not fit them out at Athens accounting it a matter of no small moment to go with Precipitation against a Fleet that was already united The Athenians concluding he trifled and wasted the time of Action forgave him not but put him out of Commission and chose Iphicrates in his room who in a very small time fitted out a Fleet with great diligence obliging those that were bound to set out Gallies to equip them taking the Paralus and Salaminia which in a more special manner attended the Service of the Publick and what Ships soever he met with on the Coast of Attica telling them that if things succeeded well in Corcyra he would send several back again and got together a Fleet of about seventy Sail. In the mean while the Corcyreans were so distressed with Famine that Mnasippus by reason of the numbers of Deserters declared by Proclamation That all such should be sold for Slaves Nevertheless when some deserted for all that he whipt them and sent them back again On the contrary the Besieged would not receive their Slaves into the Town so that they died without
reconciled to those who have once offended us I never yet could see any man without his failing Men I find grow wiser sometimes by their miscarriages especially if they have smarted for them as we both have done I observe that some things which were unjustly carried on have thwarted your Designs such was the surprizal of the Citadel in Thebes For when you made it your whole business to restore the Cities their own Laws as soon as ever the Thebans were unjustly treated all the rest sided with them So that I hope you will learn from hence that Ambition very rarely turns to a good account and that for the future you will carry it with Moderation in your Alliances to others They that would oppose the Treaty maliciously report as if we were not desirous of Peace but afraid lest Antalcidas should return from the King with Money Consider with your selves how idely these men talk for the King required in his Letters That all the Cities in Greece should be free and if we both say and do according to the tenour of them what need we fear the King Does any one think that he had rather be at a vast Expence to make others great than to have what he has a mind to done without Expence But admit it be so why then came we hither You may easily apprehend with a little Consideration that Necessity brought us not if you do but call to mind what has been lately done either at Sea or Land What then can be the reason For certain some of the Confederates do that which is neither for our Interest nor yours We have ingeniously declared to you our Sentiments in return for your having been a means of preserving us Now if I must speak of the Advantage to be expected from a War some Cities will side with ours and some with yours and in every one some there will be who will favour the Athenians and others that will take part with the Lacedemonians If therefore both Nations were at Amity whom could we have any apprehensions of If ye are our Friends who can incommode us by Land and if we stand by you who can molest you by Sea We all know that Wars often break out and are again composed and though we don't now yet in time we may long for Peace Why then don 't we come to an Accommodation as soon as we can but still delay the time till we be overcome by the multitude of our Afflictions and some incurable Evil does arise I do not approve of those who having often bore away the Prize and gain'd Reputation thereby grow so in love with Combating as not to forbear till they are beaten and then give over exercising Nor do I like your Dice-players who if they win one Game will double the Stake for I see many of them quite broke whom we ought so far to take example from lest we be reduced to such a Game so as either to win or lose all Let us therefore be Friends one with another whilst we are in a good and prosperous condition so we by our mutual assistance shall become more considerable in Greece than we have been any ages heretofore All of them were thought to have discourst very well and the Lacedemonians decreed that a Peace should be accepted on these Terms That they the Lacedemonians should recal all their Governours out of the Cities and disband their Armies both at Sea and Land that the Cities should enjoy their own Laws and if any should act contrary hereto that whosoever would might assist the injured Cities but if any would not they should not be obliged thereto by Oath The Lacedemonians swore to these Articles for themselves and their Allies as did the Athenians and their Confederates in the name of their respective Cities Amongst the rest that swore to the Articles the Thebans entred their Names and the day following when their Ambassadors came to desire that it might be inserted The Boeotians had ratisied the Peace instead of the Thebans Agesilaus made answer He would not alter any thing of what they had Sworn and Recorded at first and that if they would not stand to the Treaty they should be blotted out if they pleased So the rest having made Peace the Controversie remained only about the Thebans and it was the opinion of the Athenians themselves that 't was to be feared the Thebans would as it was generally discourst be * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the custom being that when a Nation was beaten the Tenths of their spoils were offered to Apollo Harpoc irrecoverably lost upon which they went away quite disheartned After this the Athenians drew their Garisons out of all the Cities and called home Iphicrates with the Fleet obliging him to restore all he had taken since the conclusion of the Peace at Lacedemon In like manner Phrasiclides Archon the Lacedemonians did the same to the Cities they were possest of When Cleombrotus who commanded the Army in Phocis consulted the Magistrates at home how he should govern himself Prothous said That in his opinion the Army ought to be Disbanded pursuant to the Treaty and notice to be given to the Cities for every one to contribute what they thought fit to the Temple of Apollo and if any opposed their Liberty then to exhort such of the Confederates as would defend the common Interest to declare War against them adding he thought the Gods in this case would be very favourable to their Cause and the Cities succour the Injured The Council hearing him say so thought he talkt idlely for in all probability they were possest and sent Orders to Cleombrotus not to Disband his Army but to march directly against the Thebans unless they would let the Cities enjoy their own Laws For Cleombrotus hearing that Peace was made sent to the Ephori for Orders and they gave him these Instructions Therefore when he understood that they were so far from restoring the Cities their Laws and Disbanding their Forces that they took the Field against him he marched with his Army into Baeotia yet did not enter from out of Phocis at a narrow Pass which was guarded by the Thebans where they expected he would but passed over the Mountains unexpectedly by the way of Thisbe and arriving at Creusis took twelve Theban Gallies together with the Town When he had performed this Exploit he marched up from the Sea-coast and Encamped at Leuctra which is in the Territory of Thespiae The Thebans had their Camp over against them at a small distance on a Hill having joyned none of the Allies except the Baeotians There Cleombrotus's Friends came to him said Cleombrotus If you suffer the Thebans to go off without fighting you 'l go nigh to lose your Head for it will not be forgotten how you did not burn the Theban's Country when you were at Cynocephale and that in another Campagn you were repulsed from the Pass over the Citheron which Agesilaus always gained
Therefore if either you regard your Honour or care for living in your own Country you must engage them This was his Friends Advice But his Enemies cried Now he will discover whether he as 't is reported has any real respect for the Thebans or no. When Cleombrotus heard this he was egg'd on to fight On the other hand the Theban Captains considered that if they gave him not Battel the adjacent Towns would revolt that they should be besieged and that if the people of Thebes wanted Provisions the City would go near to rise up against them Moreover several of those who had been banished before concluded it was better to die upon the Spot than to be banished a second time Besides an Oracle went about that the Lacedemonians should be overthrown near the * These were the Daughters of Leuctrus and Scedasus whom the Lacedemonian Ambassadors ravished and they calling to Heaven for Vengeance killed themselves Diod. Sic. l. 15. Graves of those Virgins who it was said made away themselves because they had been forced by some Lacedemonians and this put life into them The Thebans adorned the Monuments of the Virgins before the Fight News also was brought from the City that all the Temples opened of their own accord and that the Priestesses said that the Gods Prognosticated a Victory They reported also that the Arms in Hercules's Temple disappeared as if Hercules himself had been gone out to Battel Yet some say that these were only the Devices of the Generals In the Battel every thing thwarted the Lacedemonians but Fortune disposed all things well for the Thebans After Dinner Cleombrotus held the last Council of War before the Battel and because they had drank pretty well at Dinner 't was said the Wine did give them a Whet. When both Sides were armed The Battel at Leuctra and it was certain that there would be a Battel the Sutlers Drudges and such as had no mind to fight left the Baeotian Army at first but Hiero's Mercenaries and the Phocean Targetiers as also the Phliasian and Heraclean Horse fetching a compass fell upon them as they retired and drove them back pursuing them to the Camp and thereby made the Boeotian Army far more numerous and stronger than it was before There was a Plain between both Armies and in it the Lacedemonians placed their Horse before the Battel On the contrary the Thebans confronted them with theirs which by reason of the War with the Orchomenians Thespieans were well experienced but the Lacedemonian Cavalry never were in a worse condition for the richest men set out Horses so that when an Army was to be levied the man took the Horse and such Arms as were given him and went immediately into the Service thus appointed they too that served on Horse-back were men of weak bodies and without any sense of honour at all These were the Cavalry on both sides 'T is reported that the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 contains 2 men and 4 Officers which being drawn up 3 in rank made 12 in File Scol Thucid lib. 5. Divisions of the Lacedemonian Phalanx were Marshalled three in Front whereby they were Twelve deep On the contrary the Thebans were drawn up Fifty deep concluding if they beat those about the King they should easily defeat the rest When Cleombrotus began to move towards the Enemy before the rest of the Army perceived that he advanced the Horse were engaged and soon routed who falling foul in their flight upon the Heavy-armed men were attacked by the Theban Troops Nevertheless one may conclude from this plain Argument that Cleombrotus had the better at first for if they that fought before him had not had the advantage at that time they could not have taken him up and carried him off alive But after General Dino and Sphodrias one of the Council of War and his Son Cleonymus were slain the Horse * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Crag Lieutenant Colonels and others that were pressed by the multitudes gave back Thereupon when their left wing saw their right disordered they retreated Nevertheless tho' many were slain yet the Vanquished repassed the Trench which was before the Camp and stood to their Arms in the place from whence they first moved for their Camp was not on a Level but rather on a rising Ground Some of the Lacedemonians thinking this Defeat was not to be endured declared they ought not to suffer the Enemy to erect a Trophy and that they were obliged not to fetch off their Slain upon Truce but by force of Arms Yet when the great Officers saw that near a thousand Lacedemonians were slain and four hundred out of seven hundred Spartans killed and that the Confederates had no mind to fight some of them being not much concerned for their loss they called the fittest men together and consulted what measures to take It was the general opinion at last to fetch off the killed upon Truce and accordingly they sent an Herald about it so the Thebans restored their Dead and erected a Trophy When the news of this Defeat was brought to Lacedemon the Ephori were troubled at it as they had reason to be yet it being the last day of the * Men and women exercised naked and exposed their bodies to the weather to make them hardy Plut. in Lyeâ—â—g Feast wherein the Children exercised naked and the mens Chorus being in the Pit they did not bid them withdraw but make an end of their Exercise and then gave an account of the Names of those that were slain to their Relations chargeing the Women not to make any howling but to conceal their loss patiently The next Day one might see those whose Relations were slain walking abroad gay and merry but a few of those appeared whose Friends were said to have escaped and those too dejected and sneaking up and down Soon after the Ephori decreed to raise an Army out of the remaining Regiments and take in men to seventy years of age for they had sent some of the same age out of the Regiments which were abroad they that were sixty five years old being gone into the Phocean War before this Fight and those that were left at home to bear the Publick Offices were ordered to go into the Service Agesilaus was not yet recovered of his Indisposition whereupon his Son Archidamus was made General whom the Tegeans willingly followed to the Wars for Stasippus Faction which sided with the Lacedemonians were still in being and carried all before them The Mantineans out of the Villages also being under an Aristocratical Government joyned them Besides these the Corinthians Sicyonians Phliasians and Acheans went readily into the Service and other Cities sent their Forces Moreover the Lacedemonians and Corinthians fitted out some Gallies and desired the Sicyonians to do the like intending to transport their Army on board them Hereupon Archidamus sacrificed for an Expedition The Thebans immediately after the Fight Dysnicetus Archon sent
would be destroyed by the Enemie's Darts faced about and charged their Pursuers In this Skirmish Polytropus was slain and many more had been killed in the flight if the Phliasian Horse had not wheeled about and stopt their further pursuit by attacking the Mantineans Rear After this Exploit the Mantineans returned home Agesilaus hearing of it and concluding that the Orchomenian Mercenaries would not joyn them advanced in this manner The first day he supped in the Territory of Tegea and the day after passing into that of Mantinea he encamped under the Hills that are to the Westward of the City There he burnt the Countrey and destroyed the Fields The Arcadians that were assembled at Asea got into Tegea by Night and next Day Agesilaus encamped within twenty Furlongs of Mantinea The Arcadians coming with a strong Body of Heavy-armed men from Tegea and having reached the Hills betwixt Mantinea and that Place they were very earnest to joyn the Mantineans because the Argives had not sent all their Forces thither Some there were who perswaded Agesilaus to fall upon them separately but he fearing that whilst he attacked them the Mantineans out of the Town would fall upon his Flank and Rear concluded it would be best to let them joyn and then if they would fight they should have a fair and open Field By this time the Arcadians were united and Agesilaus as he was sacrificing before the Camp by day-break discovered the Targetiers from Orchomenus together with the Phliasian Horse who marched in the Night by Mantinea whereupon Agesilaus was obliged to return to his Arms and the rest to run to their Ranks In the Evening he encamped undiscovered in a Vally surrounded by the Mountains on the back of the Mantinean Territory Next day as he was sacrificing at the Head of the Army he discovered the Mantineans assembled on the top of those Hills that overlookt his Rear upon which he resolved to draw his men out of the Valley but fearing if he marcht from thence that the Enemy would fall upon his Rear he lay still and commanded those in the Rear to face about to direct their Arms towards the Enemy and to move to the right towards their Leader By this means he both drew his Troops out of the strait Pass and re-inforc'd his Battalion which when he had doubled he marcht into the Plain in that Order and there extended it nine or ten deep The Mantineans came out no more because the Eleans their Confederates had perswaded them not to fight till the Thebans had joyned them 187. l. being assured of their coming for that they had borrowed ten Talents of them for this expedition The Arcadians when they heard this kept themselves within the Walls of Mantinea Agesilaus though he had a great desire to march away with the Army it being in the midst of Winter yet he stay'd three days in the Neighbourhood of Mantinea that he might not be thought to hasten his departure for fear of the Enemy On the fourth day he refreshed his Army early and began his march making shew as if he would encamp in the Place where he did when he first set out from Eutaea But when none of the Arcadians appeared he though very much belated marched with diligence to Eutaea intending to depart with the Heavy-armed men before the Enemies fires were discovered that none might say he fled whereby he seemed to have allayed the consternation his Countreymen were in before because though he had entered Arcadia and burned it yet none would undertake to fight him As soon as he arrived in Laconia he sent home his Spartans and dismissed the Neighbouring Troops to go to their respective Cities The Arcadians receiving Intelligence that Agesilaus was marcht out of their Countrey and had disbanded his Army got together in a strong Body fell upon the Heraeans for refusing to incorporate with them for invading Arcadia with the Lacedemonians for firing their Houses and cutting down the Trees in their Incursions But when there came News that the Thebans were coming to relieve Mantinea they left Heraea and joyned them after the Armies were united the Thebans thinking all was well because they had succoured their Allies and no Enemy appeared in the Countrey prepared for their departure The Arcadians Argives and Eleans persuaded the Thebans to march directly into Laconia making ostentation of their Numbers and magnifying their Army for all the Boeotians were very well disciplined and elated with their Victory at Leuctra There followed them in this Expedition their Subjects the Phoceans Acarnanians Heracleans and Melieans and Forces out of all the Cities of Euboea both the Locri and Horse and Targetiers out of Thessaly They therefore well informing the Thebans of the Desolation which was in Laconia entreated them that they would not by any means march away before they had made an Incursion into that Countrey The Thebans indeed gave them the hearing but considered on the other hand that Laconia was very difficult to be invaded thinking there might be Guards set to defend those Places which were most easie to be passed For Ischolaus was at Ius in the Territory of Sciris with a Garrison of four hundred stout men consisting partly of half Slaves and partly of the Exiles of Tegea There was another Garrison too near Leuctra beyond Maleatis Moreover the Thebans considered that the Lacedemonians would soon unite and that they would fight no where better than upon their own Ground Upon all these Confiderations they were not very forward to march to Lacedemon but afterwards when some came from Caryae and reported the Countrey was in no posture of Defence proffering to guide the Army and offering themselves to be cut in pieces if they imposed upon them There came also several of the Nighbourhood to invite and to inform them that if they did but appear in the Countrey they would revolt and added that the Neighbours were lately summoned by the Spartans but would not assist them The Thebans hearing all these Reports and from several hands were over-perswaded and fell into Laconia about Caryae as did the Arcadians near Ius in the Territory of Sciris Though if Ischolaus had but gone before and secured the difficult Passes 't was said none could have entered on that side but he designing to joyn those of Ius tarried for them at that Village where the Arcadians came upon them in great Numbers and here Ischolaus's men facing about and charging the Enemy got the better But at last when those on the Houses threw their Lances and darted their Javelins both at the Rear and Flank Ischolaus and all the rest fell except any might escape undistinguished The Arcadians having performed this Exploit marcht towards Caryoe to the Thebans who having heard of their Success came down into the Enemies Countrey the more boldly and immediately destroyed and burnt Sellasia When they came into the Champion Countrey they encamped in a Grove of Apollo's but made no attempt
the day following to pass over the Bridge into the City because they found that the Enemies heavy-arm'd men were in the Temple of Minerva Alea but left the Eurotas on the right and marcht on plundering destroying and burning the Houses which were richly furnisht The Women in the City having never seen the face of an Enemy before could not endure so much as to behold the smoke The men though their fewness appeared being posted in several Places nevertheless defended the City though it had no Walls The Magistrates thought it convenient to proclaim to the Slaves that if they would form themselves into Companies and come into the Service as many as did should have Security to be free 'T is said there were above six thousand listed in an instant so that when they were armed and made so great and appearance they struck a terrour into the Spartans themselves But when the Mercenaries from Orchomenus staid there and the Phliasians Corinthians Epidaurians and Pellenians with some Forces from othe Cities came to their assistance they then less dreaded those new raised men The Theban Army advancing towards Amyclae passed the Eurotas there and forthwith they cut down as many Trees as they could where they encamped and placing them before their Camp guarded it therewith The Arcadians took different measures for they left their Arms and went to plundering Three or four days after all the Theban and Elean Horse together with the Phoceans Thessalians and Locrians came to the * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Place and the Temple of †Geaochus Neptune which the Lacedemonian Horse confronted though they were but a contemptible Number and having placed an Ambuscade of three hundred men in the Temple of the Tyndaridae they sallied out at the same time that the Horse advanced The Enemy never stood them but gave Ground which several of the Foot seeing gave ground too After the Lacedemonians had given over the pursuit the Thebans halted and encamped again but it being thought somewhat too dangerous an Adventure to attempt the City a second time the Army decamped and marched towards Helos and Gytheum The Cities which had no Walls they burnt and attacked Gytheum where the Lacedemonians had a Yard for building of Ships three days together Some of the Neighbourhood who served the Thebans fell upon the Lacedemonians The Athenians hearing of these Passages and being very sollicitous what measures to take concerning the Lacedemonian Affairs called an Assembly by order of the Senate at which the Lacedemonians and the rest of their remaining Friends were present Aratus Ocyllus Pharax Etymocles Olonthens The Lacedemonians spoke all of them much to the same purpose putting the Athenians in mind that both States had assisted each other in the most Critical times with happy Success and shew how they drave the XXX Tyrants out of Athens and that on the contrary the Athenians had readily assisted them when the Messenians besieged them adding the good Success when both acted joyntly and commemorating how they with their united Forces had driven the Barbarian out of Greece reminding them also that the Athenians were chosen Generals at sea The Athenians were entrusted with a Fond of Money raised by the Greeks to carry on a War against the Persian Thucid. lib. 1. and Trustees for the publick mony by the advice of the Lacedemonians and on the other hand the Lacedemonians by the directions of the Athenians with Universal consent were chosen Generals at Land. One of the Ambassadors made a Speech to this purpose If both the States My Lords of Athens joyn together there is hopes that the Thebans as was formerly discoursed may be totally ruined The Athenians gave not much heed to what he said but such a kind of muttering as this ran through the Assembly how that they said so now though when they were in prosperity they were our bitter Adversaries Yet the most material Argument the Lacedemonians were thought to urge was That when the Lacedemonians had subdued the Athenians and the Thebans would have razed the City the former hindred them from putting their Design in Execution So the general Discourse was that they should have Succors pursuant to the Treaty For the Arcadians and their Confederates did not make War upon the Lacedemonians for any Injury they had done but because they assisted the Tegeans against whom the Mantineans had employed their Arms contrary to the Treaty Upon these Debates a Clamour ran through the Assembly some saying that the Mantineans did well in assisting Proxenus's Party who were murdered by Stasippus's Faction and others that they had broke the Treaty by making of War against the Tegeans Whiles the Assembly were debating the Matter Cliteles the Corinthian rose up and spoke Perhaps Cliteles's Speech My Lords of Athens it may be a Question who were the Aggressors Yet can any one lay to our charge that we since the Conclusion of the Peace have attempted any Place made any Depredations or ravaged any Countrey Though the Thebans have invaded ours and cut down the Trees fired our Houses plundered our Goods and drave away our Cattle How then can you satisfie your Oath if you do not succour us being we are so manifestly injured and the Ratification of the Treaty was by your procurement The Athenians heard him with Applause he having offered what was equitable and just After him Patrocles the Phliasian rose up and spake I suppose My Lords of Athens Patrocles's Speech 't is manifest to all that when the Thebans have ruined the Lacedemonians in the next place they will attack you for they are sensible that you are the only obstacle which hinder them from becoming Lords of all Greece Seeing therefore Affairs stand thus you will in my opinion do your selves as much Service as the Lacedemonians by making War upon them For I imagine it will be much more troublesome to have the Thebans who border upon you and are ill affected to be Lords of Greece than to have your Enemies at a farther distance And you will defend your selves with more advantage now whilst there remain some Allies than if they be ruined and you alone be forced to fight it out with the Thebans If any fear that the Lacedemonians if they escape this time will create you trouble hereafter consider that we need not apprehend the growth of those we have deserved well of but those we have injured Moreover you should take this into consideration that States as well as private Persons ought to make Friends when in a flourishing condition that if they be reduced to a strait they may expect assistance from those they have obliged Providence has at this time put a signal opportunity into your hands and if you will succor the Lacedemonians in this their distress you will for ever make them your most faithful Friends Nor will you have a few witnesses of your Benefaction the Confederates and Enemies nay the whole World shall be eye-witnesses
hand the Athenians perceiving their Design sent Timagoras and Leo After they came to Persia Pelopidas ingratiated himself with the King more then all of them for he had to alledge that of all the Greeks the Thebans only assisted the Persians at the Battel of Plataeae and that they made War upon the King at no time after and that the Lacedemonians had employed their Arms against them because they would not joyn with Agesilaus against the King nor suffer him to Sacrifice to Diana at Aulis where Agamemnon Sacrificed before his Voyage to Asia Minor when he took Troy It also contributed much to the Honour of Pelopidas that the Thebans had won the Battel at Leuctra and ravaged Laconia He added also that the Argives and Arcadians were defeated because the Thebans had not assisted them Timagoras the Athenian confirmed all that he said and next to him had the greatest respect Pelopidas being asked by the King what Articles he demanded replyed That Messene should be restored to its Liberty by the Lacedemonians that the Athenians should lay up their Fleet and if they did not comply herewith that War should be declar'd against them and if any Town refused the Service that the same should be first attacked These Articles being drawn and read to the Ambassadors Leo said in the Kings hearing Before God 't is high time to seek another Friend in stead of the King The King being inform'd by the Secretary what the Athenian said brought out the Instrument again adding that if the Athenians knew any thing more equitable they should come and signifie it After the Ambassadors return'd each to their home the Athenians put Timagoras to death being accused by Leo for not making use of the same lodgings with him and for holding Correspondence chiefly with Pelopidas Of the other Ambassadors Archidamus the Elean extolled the King for preferring the Eleans before the Arcadians But Antiochus because the Arcadians Credit was low refused the Presents and reported to the * The States of Arcadia Ten thousand that the King had store of Bakers Cooks Butlers and Porters but for men to fight against Greece tho' he had search'd for such he could find none Besides said he the abundance of Money was only for Ostentation sake and that †An allusion to the Golden Plane-tree presented to Darius by Atys Herod in Pol. Noble Plane-tree of Gold could not with its shadow shelter so much as a Grashopper After the Thebans had summoned all the Towns to come and hear the Kings Articles the Persian that brought them shewed the Kings Seal and read the Contents The Thebans commanded those that intended to make an Alliance with the King and them to ratifie it by Oath The Deputies of the Cities made answer That they were not sent to swear but hear desiring leave of them that if any Oath was required they might first consult their Principals When Lycomedes the Arcadian alledged That they ought not to meet at Thebes but where the Seat of the War was The Thebans were concern'd hereat gave out that he went about to break the League because he would not sit in the Council but departed and drew all the Ambassadors of Arcadia after him The rest resusing the Oath the Thebans sent Ambassadors to every City and exhorted them to swear to the Kings Instrument thinking every City would be fearful of incurring both theirs and the Kings displeasure But they coming first to Corinth met with opposition there the Corinthians telling them that they had no occasion to swear to a League with the King and several other Cities followed their Example Thus the Project of the Thebans and Pelopidas about an Universal Empire came to nothing But again when Epaminondas designed to subdue the Achaeans and thereby render the Arcadians and their Allies more pliant he resolved to march into Achaia and in order thereunto perswaded Pisias General of the Argives to go and possess himself of the Oneum before-hand Pisias understanding that the place was not carefully guarded by Naucles the Commander of the Lacedemonian Mercenaries and Timomachus the Athenian and having seven Days Provision he with two thousand Heavy-armed men took an Hill near Cenchreae by Night In the mean while the Thebans and Allies under the Command of Epaminondas passed the Oneum and entred Achaia The principal men joyned him and he used his Authority so far that they were neither banished nor the Government changed but he took an Engagement from them to be faithful to the Thebans and to serve them in their Wars Upon this he returned home yet the Arcadians and contrary Faction having accused him for having ordered the Government after the Lacedemonian Model the Thebans thought fit to send Governors to the Cities of Achaia who after their Arrival with the help of the People displaced the Nobility and constituted a Democracy The Banished men being many and making a strong Party went speedily to the respective Cities and possessed themselves thereof and after they returned home they stood Neuters no longer but readily joyned with the Lacedemonians The Arcadiaus what on the one side by the Lacedemonians and what on the other side by the Achaeans were reduced to great straits Till this time Sicyon was govern'd by the Achaean Laws Hereupon Euphron having the greatest Interest with the Lacedemonians of any of his Country-men and being desirous to have the same with their Enemies he acquainted the Argives and Arcadians that if the chief men at Sicyon were really possest of the Government the City would soon side with the Lacedemonians again but if a Democracy be set up you know for certain said he that it will remain at your Devotion If therefore you will stand by me I will assemble the People and will engage to keep the City firm to your Alliance This I did before said he being offended at the Arrogance of the Lacedemonians as well as you and desirous to free my self from slavery This taking with the Arcadians and Argives they went to him and he presently assembled the People before them in the Market-place Declaring That the Government should be established upon equal Terms After the people came together he bid them choose whom they pleased for Generals They chose Euphron Hippodamus Cleander Acrisius and Lysander Upon this he gave the Command of the Mercenaries to his Son Adeas and displaced Lisimenes who had it before Soon after Euphron by his Favours obliged several of the Mercenaries to be faithful to him and hired more sparing neither the Publick Treasure nor the Consecrated Money He banished those who inclin'd to the Lacedemonians and seized their Estates murdering some of his Colleagues privately and banishing others whereby he got all into his power and became a profest Tyrant And that the Confederates might connive at him he either brib'd them with money or readily assisted them with the Mercenary Troops when ever they made War and thus all things went according to his mind The Argives