in need of them you will be disappointed of your hopes that way Besides I thinke it not safe for my selfe to enter into that course for I doe see that they neuer gaue ouer the warre against my Countrey vntill they made the whole Citie confesse that the Lacedemonians were also their Commanders after which confession they laid downe their Armes and proceeded no further in besieging the Citie If then these things being so I shall seeme as much as in me lieth to weaken their authoritie I cannot be ignorant how quickly I shall be brought to acknowledge mine errour And whereas you are of opinion that lesse sedition and disobedience will grow out of the command of one than of many vnderstand from me that whomsoeuer you choose you shall not finde me discontent or disobedient For I hold it for a generall maxime in warre that whosoeuer he be which behaueth himselfe seditiously against his Commander behaueth himselfe seditiously against his owne safetie But in case you chuse me I shall not maruell if a discontent arise in some mindes both against you and against my selfe After Xenophon had ended his speech many more arose and said that he ought not to refuse the Generals place And Agasias the Stymphalian replied that it was a thing ridiculous that the Lacedemonians should not as well be angry if at a Feast another than a Lacedemonian were by the Guests chosen for their Gouernour For if things run in this course quoth he it shall be vnlawfull for vs to be Captaines because we are Arcadians Here a murmur arose thorow the whole assembly approuing the speech of Agasias Xenophon perceiuing that more was to be said added thus much That you may ô Souldiers vnderstand the depth of this businesse I sweare vnto you by all the gods and goddesses that after I was informed of your minds and inclination I by sacrifice enquired whether it would be behouefull for you to bestow vpon me and me to accept this command or otherwise and the gods so answered in the sacrifice that it might easily appeare euen to a man of small skill that I was not to take the place vpon me So they chose Cherisophus Cherisophus being chosen proceeded into the middest and spake thus You know ô Souldiers that albeit you had chosen another you should haue found no opposition in me But it falleth out well for Xenophon that he is not chosen For Dexippus accused him not long since to Anaxibius all he could my selfe being present and stopping his mouth He said he thought that Xenophon had rather be ioined in command with Timasion who was a Dardanian and one of Clearchus his Souldiers than with him who was a Lacedemonian But since you haue made choise of me quoth he I also will endeuour to doe you all the seruice I can And you against the morning euerie man so order his affaires that he may be readie to saile away if the wind be faire Our iourney shall be to Heraclea and being there we will aduise what is further to be done The next day they set saile with a faire wind and ran along the Coast by the space of two daies following In sailing they came by Iasons shore where the Ship Argo is said to haue anchored and by the mouthes of these Riuers First of Thermâ—don then of Halys lastly of Parthenius by which after they had passed they arriued at Heraclea a Grecian Citie and a Colonie of the Megaraeans situate in the territorie of the Maryandeâ—s and came to anchor neere the Acherousian Cherronesus There Hercules is reported to haue descended to the dog Cerberus of which descent the markes are yet shewen the depth of the place being more than two Furlongs Hither the Heracleans sent hospitall gifts to the Grecians to wit 3000. Medimnes of barley meale 2000. Amphors of wine 20 oxen and an hundred sheepe The riuer called Lycus hauing two Plethers in bredth conueieth his streame thorow this Territory Here the Souldiers assembled together consulting about the remainder of their iourney and whether it were better to proceed out of Pontus by land or by sea and Lycon the Achaian stood vp and said I wonder ô Souldiers at the Coronels that they go not about to make prouision of victuall for the Army For the hospitall gifts will not serue vs aboue three daies neither is there any place whither we may goe out and furnish our selues Therefore it seemeth good to me that you demand no lesse then 3000. Cyzicens of the Heracleans Another said that a monthes pay no lesse then 10000. Cyzicens was to be demanded and that while we sate in counsell to know their answer Ambassadours were forthwith to be dispatched to the Citie and thereupon further aduice to be taken Hereupon they first propounded Cherisophus for an Ambassadour because he was their Generall some also named Xenophon They both opposed strongly and were of opinion that no extortion was to be vsed to force any thing from a Grecian Citie being also their friend Therefore when they seemed vnwilling the Army sent Lycon the Achaean Callimachus the Parrhasian and Agasias the Stymphaliaen who going to the Citie deliuered the decree of the Army and Lycon is reported to haue vsed threatning words if things were not performed according to the desire of the Army The Heracleans hearing the propositions answered they would consider and presently they gathered their goods out of the fields and appointed a market within the Citie and the gates were shut and armes seene vpon the walles The authors of these troubles accused the Coronels as though they were cause of the ill successe Their words were that it was a shame that one Athenian should haue command ouer the Peloponesians and Lacedemonians especially such a one as had brought no forces to the Army That they had the paines and other the profit and euen till this present were the workers of the common safetie For the Arcadians and Achaeans were those that bore the burthen the rest of the Army was nothing and in truth the Arcadians and Achaeans were more than halfe the Army If they were wise therefore standing close to themselues and chusing Commanders out of their owne people they should goe forward in the iourney apart and endeuour to inrich themselues by some meanes or other This was decreed and those Arcadians and Achaeans that were vnder the command of Cherisophus forsaking him and Xenophon associated themselues to the rest and they all chose ten Coronels out of their owne bodie and decreed that whatsoeuer the plurality of voices of these ten should resolue vpon it should stand good and effectuall and be put in execution The Generall-ship therefore of Cherisophus was dissolued within six or seuen daies after he was chosen Xenophon notwithstanding would haue proceeded in the iourney with them thinking it more safe so to doe than to trauell euery man by himselfe alone But Neon vnderstanding by Cherisophus that Cleander the Gouernour of Bizantium
in the houses treasures of bread heaped and hoorded vp as the Mosynecans reported the last yeare according to the manner of the countrey The new corne with the straw lay by it selfe the most part whereof was eared There was found also peeces of Dolphins salted and laid vp in vessels and also the fat of Dolphins which the Mosynecans vse as the Grecians doe oyle and many and great chestnuts in garrets which haue no manner of cleft in them They boyle these and vse them in stead of bread Wine was found likewise which being vnmingled seemed sharpe by reason of the sowrenesse being mingled it had a good sauour and was pleasant in taste The Grecians hauing dined here marched forward deliuering vp the City to the Mosynecans their confederates Of other Forts belonging to the enemy which they passed by some of the weaker sort were forsaken other some willingly yeelded and gaue themselues into the Grecians hands The most part of them are of this kinde They stand distant one from another 80 furlongs more or lesse When the country people cry out one to another they heare it from City to City by reason of the height and hollownesse of the countrey After they were come to the borders of their confederate Mosynecans they shewed them boyes rich mens children that were fed and fatted with sodden Chestnuts which boyes were exceeding tender and white and not much lesse in bredth than in length hauing their backs various and all the foreparts rased and marked with diuers formes of flowers They sought also openly to vse the whores which the Grecians brought with them For that is their manner All both men and women are white of complexion They that were in this iourney held the countrey more barbarous and more differing from the Grecian rites of liuing than all the rest they passed thorow For they doe openly and before a multitude that which other men doe and dare not doe but in priuate and being alone they demeane themselues as if they were in company They speake to themselues laugh to themselues and dance wheresoeuer they become as though they sought to please other mens eyes Thorow this countrey both friend and enemy the Grecians marched in eight encampings and came to the Chalybes These are a people but few in number and in subiection to the Mosynecans and liue the most part of them vpon iron works From thence they passed to the Tibarenes whose countrey is more champaine and hath Forts situate by the Sea side that are not very strong The Coronels resolued to fall vpon this countrey to the end to gaine some riches for the Army Therefore they tooke not the hospital gifts which the Tibarens sent but bade them stay till they had taken counsell by the sacrifice which they offred After they had offred many at last all the Soothsayers told them plaine that the gods allowed not of the warre Therefore they accepted the gifts of hospitality and marching as thorow a countrey that was friend they came to Cotyora a Grecian Citie a colony of the Synopaeans situate in the Tibaren territory Thus far the Armie marched on foot The length of the descent of the way from the place in the Babylonian territory where the battell was fought to Cotyora was 122 encampings 620 Parasangs 10820 furlongs of the time eight moneths They staied at Cotyora 45 dayes During this abode they first sacrificed to the gods and then made shewes euery one according to the manner of his countrey and proposed games of exercise and tooke their prouision partly out of Paphlagonia partly out of the territory of the Cotyorites For they neither exhibited a market nor receiued the sicke within their gates About this time came Ambassadors from the Sinopaeans fearing the danger that might befall the Cotyorites both in regard of their City for it was theirs and paid them tribute and of their territory which as they heard was spoiled and comming into the Campe they spake thus by the mouth of Hecatonymus who was their Spokesman and reputed a good Orator The City of Sinopis ô Souldiers hath sent vs vnto you partly commending you that being Grecians you haue ouercome the Barbarians partly to congratulate with you that you are returned safe out of so many perils and dangers as we are informed you haue beene in But we that are Grecians desire of you that are also Grecians that your comming may bee profitable and not preiudicial vnto vs considering to this day we neuer did you any wrong These Cotyorites are our Colonie and we are the men that conquered their Territory from the Barbarians and gaue it to them to inhabite and manure For which cause they pay vs a tribute imposed vpon them as doe likewise the Cerasuntians and Trapezuntians so that what wrong soeuer you doe them we imagine we suffer it our selues We heare then that entring into the City by force some of you quarter in the houses other take what they thinke good out of the Country against the owners wills If you hold on this course we shall be forced to craue aid of Corylas and the Paphlagonians against you and of any else that we can make our friends Here Xenophon standing vp spake thus in the behalfe of the Souldiers We ô Sinopaeans are come into these quarters ioyfull and glad that out of so many perils we haue preserued our liues and armes For to bring away spoile enriching our selues and withall to fight with the enemy was impossible And now after we came to Grecian Cities in Trapezund wee bought such things as we stood in need of for they gaue vs a Market and whereas they honoured vs and sent vs gifts of hospitality we did our best to honour them and not only abstained from the Barbarians that were their friends but also harried and wasted to the vttermost of our power those Barbarians against whom they led vs. They whom the City sent in friendship with vs as Guides are present here aske them I pray how we behaued our selues toward them But whithersoeuer we come and haue no Market either in the Territorie of Barbarians or Grecians we take things necessary not out of insolency but forced by necessitie We accounted the Carduchans Chaldeans and Taochans enemies albeit no Subiects to the King and yet men to be feared because they gaue vs no Market and we could not want needfull prouision The Macrons albeit Barbarians in regard they furnished vs such a Market as they could we dealt friendly with and tooke nothing from them by force If the Cotyorites who you say are yours haue not the like friendship they may thanke themselues For they behaued themselues not as friends vnto vs but shutting their gates neither receiued vs into their City nor yet gaue vs a Market without The cause hereof they lay vpon your Gouernour But where you say that we entred and now lodge in the City by force the truth is we requested
THE HISTORIE OF XENOPHON CONTAINING The Ascent of CYRVS into the HIGHER COVNTRIES Wherein is described THE ADMIRABLE IOVRNEY OF TEN thousand GRECIANS from ASIA the Lesse into the Territories of BABYLON and their retrait from thence into GREECE notwithstanding the opposition of all their Enemies Whereunto is added A COMPARISON OF THE ROMAN MANNER OF WARRES with this of our Time out of IVSTVS LIPSIVS Translated by IOH. BINGHAM LONDON Printed by Iohn Haviland for Raphe Mabb 1623. TO THE RIGHT VVORSHIPFVLL HVGH HAMERSLEY ONE OF THE ALDERMEN AND CORONELS OF THE CITIE OF LONDON AND President of the worthy Societie of CITIZENS exercising Armes in the ARTILLERIE Garden of LONDON and to all the CAPTAINES and Generous CITIZENS professing Armes there GENTLEMEN I doe not present this Translation vnto you to the end to incite you to Militarie cogitations Your forwardnesse that way is such alreadie as rather deserueth commendation than requireth any mans words of incitement or exhortation neither will I at this time enter into the large field of the praise of the Art of Warre especially lest I should haply incurre the censure of the old Prouerbe Suum cuique pulchrum But seeing you haue taken the laudable paines to attaine to the knowledge of handling your Armes and of the seuerall motions of a battell requisite for the seruice of the Field wherein many of you may iustly challenge the praise of equalling if not exceeding the greatest number of Souldiers that haue a long time followed the warres in forein parts in which also it hath pleased you to vse my poore endeuour I haue thought good to adioine to your former Speculation I hope I may vse that word considering you haue not yet come to the sight of an Enemie nor proceeded vsque ad sanguinem and to present vnto you in your owne Language a Precedent of Warre of another nature than you haue hitherto beene exercised in that is to say the greatest March and Retreat that euer was found in any Historie wherein are notable Stratagems set out of resisting a multitude of Enemies in an open Field of passing Mountaines possessed by an Enemie of leading an Armie thorow Straights thorow Forests thorow Woods thorow Riuers ouer Bridges of laying and auoiding Ambushes of Marching by night of resisting Horse of stilling Souldiers mutinies of escaping Enemies machinations of taking in Forts of making prouision for an Armie in a word of all accidents that may fall out in a long and dangerous March In reading whereof besides the varietie of discourse you may obserue many documents fit for a worthy Souldiers consideration For they are not to be heard that contemne the experience of former Times and thinke that the policies vsed by ancient Generals match or sute not with our moderne Warres From whence I pray are deriued our Motions and whole manner of exercise now in vse but from Antiquitie Neither is there any other true difference to be found betwixt vs and Antiquitie in the vniuersall course Militarie saue only in the vse of Gunnes Of which the great Ordinance succeed in the place of ancient Engines of Battery the smaller Peeces in place of Arrowes Slings and Darts Now as I must confesse that the force and violence of Gunnes is farre greater than of the weapons missiue vsed in time past so me thinks I may truly maintaine that their place in Battell and elsewhere is altogether the same Shot must haue defence either from Pikes or from other aduantage of ground or else they are subiect to be scattered or ouer-runne by Horse or the like as well as the light-armed of old time But hereof I shall haue other opportunitie to speake My desire is at this instant that you will be pleased to accept this presentation with the same minde it is offered vnto you by 16 Maij 1623. Your seruant to doe all seruice IOHN BINGHAM THE FIRST BOOKE OF THE HISTORIE OF XENOPHON TOVCHING THE Ascent of CYRVS the younger out of Asia the Lesse into the Higher COVNTREYS DARIVS and PARISATIS had two Sonnes of whom the eldest was named Artaxerxes the younger Cyrus And when Darius fell sick and suspected he should not liue long he desired to haue a sight of both his Sonnes The eldest happened then to be present he seâ—t for Cyrus from the Prouince whereof he had made him Satrapa or Ruler and had declared him Generall of all the people that vpon Musters resorted to the plaine of Castolus Cyrus therefore iourneyed vpward to his Father taking with him Tissaphernes as a friend and hauing for his Guard 300 armed Grecian Foot vnder the leading of Xenias the Parrhasian After the death of Darius and crowning of Artaxerxes Tyssaphernes accused Cyrus to his Brother as though he intended treason against him who being easily perswaded and induced to beleeue caused Cyrus to be apprehended with intent to put him to death But his Mother made intercession for him set him at libertie and remised him to his gouernment He hauing been thus in perill and dishonoured deliberated after his departure how to exempt himselfe from his Brothers subiection and to make himselfe King in his Brothers stead Their Mother Parisatis inclined more to Cyrus louing him better than she did Artaxerxes that reigned And Cyrus if any were sent to him from King Artaxerxes won them so by his courtesies that they departed better affected to him than to the King Besides he had that regard of the Barbarians which were about him that he both made them good Souldiers and purchased their loue As for the Grecians he waged them as secretly as he could to the intent to take his Brother altogether vnprouided When therefore he made leuies of such as should lye in Garrison in his Cities he commanded the Captaines of the Garrisons euerie man apart to wage as many and the best Peloponesians they could vnder pretence that Tissaphernes sought to surprise the Cities For the Ionian Cities were before deliuered to Tissaphernes by the King but then they all reuolted to Cyrus excepting only Miletus And Tissaphernes being in Miletus and perceiuing they also would turne and take part with Cyrus put some to death some other he chased and banished out of the Citie Cyrus receiuing these banished men and gathering an Armie together besieged Miletus both by Sea and Land seeking to restore them to their Countrey And this was also another pretence of raising an Armie Besides he sent to the King and desired him that being his Brother the rule of those Cities might rather be committed to him than to Tissaphernes wherein he was seconded by his Mother so that the King perceiued not that reason was intended against him at any hand but imagined that Cyrus waged that Armie to warre against Tissaphernes for which warre he was not greatly sory because Cyrus sent to the King the Tribute of those Cities whereof Tissaphernes had the command Another Armie was collected for Cyrus right ouer against Abydus in this manner
Clearchus was banished from Lacedemon he came to Cyrus and Cyrus after conference and acquaintance with him both admired the man and besides gaue him 10000 Daricks Clearchus taking the gold leuied an Armie therwith and passing out of Cherronesus warred vpon the Thracians that inhabit aboue Hellespont thereby aduantaging greatly the affaires of the Grecians and so much in deed he did aduantage them that the Cities of Hellespont willingly furnished him with money to maintaine his Armie So that this Armie also was not descried to be held on foot for Cyrus Further there was one Aristippus a Thessalian a guest to Cyrus who being ouerpressed with his Countrey-men of the contrarie faction came to Cyrus requested him to spare him 2000 Mercenaries and three Moneths pay alleaging that thereby he should be able to ouercome his aduersaries Cyrus furnished him with 4000 men and sixe Moneths pay desiring him withall not to agree with his aduersaries till they two had had conference together So againe this Armie in Thessaly was not perceiued to be kept on foot and nourished for Cyrus Further he commanded Proxenus the Boeotian who was his friend to bring vnto him as many men as he might vnder pretence of warring against the Pisidians that spoyled his Countrey and Sophaenetus the Stymphalian and Socrates the Achaean who likewise were both his guests to come to him with as many men as they could make vnder colour together with the banished Milesians to make warre against Tissaphernes which also they did Cyrus after he was resolued to ascend into the higher Prouinces gaue out that his purpose was to chace the Pisidians wholly out of the Countrey and so assembled both his Barbarian and Grecian troopes as if it had been against them And he commanded Clearchus with the Armie which he led to come vnto him and Aristippus to compound with his aduersaries and afterwards to send him that Armie of his likewise And Xenias the Arcadian whom he had appointed Generall of the Mercenaries which he laid in Garrison in the Cities to bring vnto him those Troops leauing behind so many only as should be sufficient to guard the Cittadels Likewise he sent for those that were at the siege of Miletus and inuited the banished men to his seruice promising if his affaires had good successe not to giue ouer till he had restored them to their home They with ioy accepted of his proffer for they trusted him and thereupon came to Sardes Xenias gathered together the Mercenaries in the Cities and brought them to Sardes being in number about 4000 armed foot Proxenus came with 1500 armed and 500 light armed foot Sophenetus the Stymphalian with 1000 armed Socrates the Achaean with about 500 armed Pasion the Megarean with 300 armed and 300 Targetiers or Peltasts This last and Socrates were of those that besieged Milet. These Troops came to Cyrus to Sardes Tyssaphernes hauing intelligence hereof and conceiuing that the preparation was greater than fitted the warre against the Pisidians hasted with as much speed as he could towards the King hauing with him about 500 Hors-men And the King as soone as he heard by Tyssaphernes of the Armie that Cyrus had raised made contrarie preparation Cyrus with the Forces aforementioned marched from Sardes He marched into Lydia 22 Parasangs in three encampings and came as farre as the Riuer Maeander the bredth whereof is 2 Plethors A Bridge was layd ouer the Riuer vpon six Ships ioyned one to another Passing ouer here he made one encamping in Lydia hauing marched eight Parasangs and came to Colosse a great rich and well inhabited Citie where he remained seuen dayes Hither Menon the Thessalian came to him with 1000 armed Foot and 500 Dolopian Aenian and Olynthian Peltasts or Targetiers From thence he marched in three encampings 20 Parasangs as far as Celaene a great rich and well inhabited Citie of Phrygia Here had Cyrus a Palace and a great Parke full of wilde Beasts which he hunted on Hors-backe whensoeuer he was disposed to exercise himselfe and his Horses Maeander runneth thorow the middest of the Parke the Fountaines whereof arise within the Palace It runneth also thorow the Citie Celaene The great King hath also a strong Palace in Celaene vnder the Citadell vpon the Spring of the Riuer Marsyas which Riuer runneth thorow the Citie and falleth into Maeander The bredth of Marsyas is 25 foot It is said that Apollo pulled the Skin of Marsyas ouer his head who contended with him about Wisdome and hung it vp in the Denne where the Spring of the Riuer Marsyas ariseth and that thereupon the Riuer is called Marsyas The report is that Xerxes flying out of Greece after his ouerthrow builded the Palace and the Citadell of Celaene In this place Cyrus rested 30 dayes and Clearchus the exile of Lacedemon came vnto him with 1000 armed Foot and 800 Thracian Targetiers and 200 Cretan Archers and Sosias the Syracusian with 1000 armed Foot and Sophaenetus the Arcadian with 1000 armed Foot Cyrus tooke muster and numbred the Grecians in this Parke and found them to be 11000 armed and about 2000 Targetiers or Peltasts From thence he marched in two encampings 10 Parasangs and came to Peltae a Citie well peopled there he remained three dayes during which time Xenias the Arcadian solemnized the Playes called Lycaea and proposed games The games were Golden rubbers Cyrus was present and beheld that exercise From thence in two encampings he marched 12 Parasangs and came as farre as the Market of the Ceramians a Citie full of people the last of the Countrey of Mysia From thence in three encampings he marched 30 Parasangs as farre as the Citie called the Plaine of Cayster a Citie well peopled where he stayed fiue dayes By this time there was due to the Souldiers more than three Moneths pay which they often demanded gathering themselues together before Cyrus his doore But he put them off with hopes not without manifest signes of discontentment in his countenance For it was not Cyrus his manner to hold vp payment when he was furnished with money Here Epiaxa the Queene of Syennesis the King of Cilicia came to Cyrus and was said to bring vnto him great summes of money wherewith he payd the Souldiers their entertainment for foure Moneths This Cilician Queene had a Guard of Cilicians and Aspendians about her The report went that Cyrus was verie familiar with her From hence in two encampings he proceeded 10 Parasangs euen as far as Thymvrium a well inhabited Citie Neere the way leading to this Citie there is a Fountaine called the Fountaine of Mydas King of Phrygia where the fame is that Mydas hunted the Satyr mingling the water of the Fountaine with wine From thence in two encampings he marched 10 Parasangs and came to Tyriaeum a Citie full of people He remained there fiue dayes Whilst he was there the report goes the Cilician Queene requested him to shew her his Armie whose request
marched ten Parasangs in two encampings as farre as the Riuer Pharos whose bredth was 300 foot From thence in one encamping fiue Parasangs and came to the Riuer Pyramus whose bredth is a furlong From thence in two encampings 15 Parasangs and came to Issos the last Citie of Cilicia a Citie situated vpon the Sea being well peopled large and rich There he remained three daies Here out of Peloponnesus came to Cyrus 35 Ships vnder the command of Pythagoras the Lacedemonian The Admirall of the whole Fleet was Tamos the Aegyptian who brought with him 25 other of Cyrus his Ships from Ephesus with which hee had before besieged Miletus because that Citie tooke part with Tissaphernes and this Tamos followed Cyrus against him Cherisophus the Lacedemonian came with these Ships whom Cyrus had sent for by name and brought with him 700 armed foot with which he serued Cyrus The Ships anchored hard by Cyrus his Tent. Whilest the Army rested here the Grecian Mercenaries which were vnder the pay of Abrocomas being in number 400 armed foot reuolted from him and came to Cyrus and serued against the King From hence in one encamping hee marched fiue Parasangs euen to the streights of Cilicia and Syria These were two walles of which Syennesis and a guard of the Cilicians had the defence of the inmost next to Cilicia The other next Syria was defended by a guard of the Kings souldiers Thorow the middest of these two runneth the riuer called Kersos being of the bredth of a hundred foot The whole distance betweene the two walls is three furlongs and it admitteth no passage by force the neather way toward the Sea being narrow and fenced with strong walles and the vpper nothing but inaccessible rockes In either wall there is a gate set This passage was the cause that Cyrus sent for his ships that in them he might transport armed foot both without and within the gates to force a way if it were so that the enemy sought to make good that place which he thought Abrocomas with his souldiers that he had in great number went about to doe But Abrocomas did it not For as soone as he heard that Cyrus was aduanced into Cilicia he returned with all speed out of Phoenicia to the King hauing with him as it is reported an army of thirtie Myriads of men From hence he marched in one encamping thorow Syria fiue Parasangs euen as farre as Myriandrum a Citie inhabited by the Phoenicians and situated vpon the Sea This towne is a place of trafficke and many ships of burthen rode in the Hauen There he remained seuen daies and Xenias the Arcadian Coronell and Pasion of Megara shipping themselues and their goods of most esteeme sayled homeward discontented as it was thought by most because Cyrus suffered Clearchus to keepe their souldiers which refusing to goe any further against the King remoued into his campe with intent to returne into Greece As soone as they were out of sight the rumour went that Cyrus pursued them with gallies and some wished they might be taken as men that had vsed trechery Other some pittied them and feared their danger in case they were taken Cyrâ—s calling the Coronells together said Xenias and Pasion haue forsaken vs. But let them know for certaintie that neither they are so secretly fled but that I am informed whither they are gone nor yet that they are out of my reach for I haue gallies enow that will easily if I list fetch vp their ship But indeed it is not my purpose to pursue them neither shall it be said that I vse the seruice of any man so long as he is willing to follow me and when he is desirous to be gone arrest him and intreat him ill and spoile him of that he hath But as I said let them goe and vnderstand that they deale worse with vs than wee with them And albeit I haue their wiues and children at Tralles in custodie yet shall they not be defrauded but haue them safely deliuered into their hands in respect of their former seruice to mee So much Cyrus The Grecians hearing the worthy disposition of Cyrus euen those that before were slacke and backward in the iourney followed him now more willingly and cheerefully From thence in foure encampings he marched twentie Parasangs to the riuer Chalos a riuer 100 foot broad which was full of great tame fish which the Syrians thinke to be gods and therefore suffer them not to be harmed no more than they doe Pigeons The villages wherein they encamped pertained to Parisatis being giuen to her for her maintenance From thence in 5 encampings he marched 30 Parasangs as farre as the head of the riuer Daradaces which was 100 foot in bredth there was the Palace of Belesis who sometimes gouerned Syria a very large and beautifull Parke stored with all kinde of fruit and wanting nothing that growes at any time of the yere Cyrus cut downe the trees therof and burned the Palace From thence in three encampings he marched fifteene Parasangs euen as farre as the Riuer Euphrates whose bredth is three furlongs A great and rich Citie is built vpon Euphrates which is called Thapsacus where the army remained fiue daies Cyrus sending here for the Commanders of the Grecians told them that his purpose was to lead against the great King willing them to signifie so much to the souldiers and to perswade them to follow They calling an assembly declared all that was deliuered vnto them The Souldiers were offended with the Commanders alleaging they knew as much before and concealed it and refused absolutely to stirre a foot forward vnlesse they had such rewards assured them as the other Grecians had that before ascended vp with Cyrus to his father who notwithstanding went not to fight but onely waited vpon Cyrus when his father sent for him The Commanders reported those things to Cyrus who promised to giue euery man fiue pounds of siluer as soone as they came to Babylon and to continue their whole pay vntill they were sent backe and came into Ionia Most part of the Grecians yeelded to these conditions But Menon before it was knowne what the other souldiers purposed to do whether they would follow Cyrus or no called his owne Regiment apart and spake vnto them in this sort My Companions quoth he if you will be ruled by mee you shall without danger or labour be more esteemed of Cyrus than all the rest What then would I haue you doe Cyrus at this instant is intreating the Grecians to follow him against the King This is therefore my counsell that wee passe ouer Euphrates before it appeare what answer the other Grecians will deliuer vnto Cyrus For if they resolue to follow him it will seeme that you that first began to passe are the cause thereof and Cyrus will both thanke and reward you as the most forward of all the rest for
he knowes how to doe it as well as any man but if they resolue the contrarie we will all returne ouer the riuer backe againe So shall it come to passe that Cyrus will vse vs both for Garrisons and for Commanders as the most obedient and most faithfull souldiers of his Armie and if there bee any thing else you shall request of him I assure my selfe you shall finde him your especiall friend The souldiers hearing this yeelded to his perswasion and passed the riuer before the other could resolue vpon an answer Cyrus perceiuing they were passed ouer was glad at heart and sent Glous vnto them willing him to say in his name Cyrus at this present praiseth and commendeth you but he will indeuour to giue you cause hereafter to praise him else would he not haue you thinke him to be Cyrus The souldiers filled with great hopes wished him good successe in all designes It is said he sent rich presents vnto Menon This done he passed the riuer and the whole Armie after him and not a man was wet aboue his brests in wading ouer The Thapsacens report that the riuer was neuer passed ouer on foot before but with shipping alone which Abrocomas had burnt to the intent to hinder Cyrus in his passage This seemed to be a miracle and that the riuer gaue way to Cyrus portending hee should be King From thence in nine encampings hee marched fiftie Parasangs thorow Syria and they came to the riuer Araxes where were many villages replenished with Corne and Wine There remained they three dayes and made prouision of victualls From thence in fiue encampings in the wildernesse he marched thorow Arabia 35 Parasangs hauing Euphrates on the right hand The territorie of this Countrey was a Plaine all ouer euen like vnto the Sea but full of wormewood and if any shrubs or reeds grew there they yeelded a sweet sauour like vnto spices but there was not a tree to be seene Of vntamed beasts the most were wilde Asses and not a few Ostriches There were also Bustards and wilde Goats These asses being chaced first fled on afore and afterward turned and stood at a gaze for they were much swifter than a horse again did the like when a horse came neere them So that it was a matter impossible to take them vnlesse the horsemen hunted with their horses placed in distance and taking the chace one from another The flesh of them being caught is in taste like a red Deere sauing that it is a little more tender No man could lay hand vpon an Ostrich and the horsemen that gaue her chace soone quitted it For she runs away flying vsing her feet for course lifting vp her selfe with her wings as it were with the sailes of a ship As for the Bustards they are easily caught if a man sodainly spring them for they both make a short flight as Partriges doe and are soone weary The flesh of them is very delicate pleasant Proceeding on thorow this country the Armie came to the Riuer Masca which carrieth 100 foot in bredth Here was a great Citie but dispeopled named Corsote which hath the Riuer Masca running round about it where they staied three daies making prouision for the Armie From hence in thirteene encampings in the wildernesse Cyrus marched 90 Parasangs hauing Euphrates on his right hand came to the streights In these encampings many carriage-beasts were lost for want of food The inhabitants digging out and fashioning milstones about the riuer carried them to Babylon and sold them buying with the price victualls to maintaine their liues The Army was now destitute of victuall neither was there any to be bought elsewhere than only in the Lydian market amongst the Barbariās that followed Cyrus where a Capitha of meale was sold for foure Sicles a Sicle is valued at 7 Attick Oboli a half and a Capitha containes 2 Atticke Chaenices The Souldiers therefore fed vpon flesh These encampings were a great distance one from another they fell out to be the longer because Cyrus was forced to march on till he came either to water or fodder And if it chanced that the way leading thorow streights or mire were hardly passable for the Chariots Cyrus would stay with the best and gallantest of his traine command Glous or Pigres to take some of the Barbarian army draw the Chariots out of the mire And in case they seemed too slow he would as it were in anger command the strongest of the Persians that followed him to put to their hands and free the chariots There might a man haue beheld no smal peece of obedience For casting off their skarlet cloaks called Candyes in the place where euery one stood they hasted as if a man should runne for a wager euen against the steepnesse of hills being clad with rich coats and embrodered breeches some of them with chaines of gold about their neckes and bracelets about their wrests and yet with these leaping quickly into the mire they hoysed and brought out the wagons sooner than a man would haue imagined In a word Cyrus spared no manner of diligence all the way to haste the iourney forward staying in no place vnlesse there where he must needs furnish himselfe with prouision or else set downe for some other necessary cause conceiuing the more speed he made the rather he should surprise the King and fall vpon him at vnawares and the more he loitered the greater Armie the King should be able to raise For it was easie for any man that would marke to perceiue that the Kings dominion was strong in largenesse of Territories and multitudes of men but weake in length of waies and separation of his forces in case warre were roundly moued against him Beyond Euphrates and the encampings in the wildernesse there was a great and rich Citie the name whereof was Carmanda out of which the Armie made their prouision passing ouer in boats which boats were contriued vpon the sudden in this sort The skins which they vsed for couerings they filled with light hay and chaffe binding and sowing them so close that the water could not come into the chaffe and vpon those they went ouer and got prouision which was wine pressed out of Palme nuts corne called Millet whereof there was great plentie in this country Here a controuersie falling out betwixt a Souldier of Clearchus and another of Menons Regiment Clearchus commanded Menons Souldier to be beaten iudging him to be in the wrong This Souldier went to his owne quarter and complained hereof to his companions and they hearing what had passed grew discontent and angry with Clearchus The same day Clearchus going to the passage of the riuer and there viewing the Market rid backe to his owne Tent with small attendance thorow Menons quarter Cyrus was not yet arriued but was vpon the way comming forward It fortuned at the same time that one of
betweene them Sometime going for wood to the same place and gathering fodder and such like they fel to blowes which also set them at further ods After three dayes encamping they came to the Wall of Media It was built of Bricke mortered with asphalt being in thicknesse 20 in height 100 Foot The length was said to be 20 Parasangs It was not far distant from Babylon From hence they marched eight Parasangs in two encampings and passed ouer two great Draines one vpon a Bridge the other vpon Ships ioyned together These Draines came out of the Riuer Tygris and from them were sewers deriued to water the Countrey being at the first greater then lesse lastly little Draines such as they vse in Greece when Panick seed is sowen From thence they came to the Riuer Tygris neere to which stood a great Citie well peopled named Sitaca being distant from the Riuer 15 Furlongs The Grecians encamped by the Citie neere a faire and large Parke wherein grew plentie of all manner of Trees The Barbarians passed ouer the Riuer and were out of sight After supper Proxenus and Xenophon chanced to walke before the place of Armes when there came one and asked the out-watch where he might finde Proxenus or Clearchus He sought not for Menon albeit he came from Ariaeus Menons guest When Proxenus told him he was the man whom he sought Ariaeus and Artaosus quoth he that were faithfull to Cyrus while he liued and are now your friends haue sent me vnto you and aduise you by me to keepe good watch to night lest the Barbarians assault your Campe. There is a great army in the Parke Besides they counsell you to put a good guard vpon the Riuer Tygris because Tissaphernes is determined this night to breake the Bridge if he can to the end to hinder your passage and to inclose you betwixt the Bridge and the Draine After they heard this they led the man to Clearchus and imparted the message vnto him Clearchus was much troubled and in extreme feare with the newes But a young man then present after he had well ruminated the matter said It hangs not together that Tissaphernes should goe about to charge vs and to breake downe the Bridge For it is euident that charging vs he must either ouercome or be beaten If he ouercome what need the Bridge be broken For admit there were many Bridges yet should we haue no where to saue our selues by flight If he be beaten whither shall his Armie fly the Bridge being broken and most of the Armie being beyond the Riuer how shall they succour one another but by the Bridge After Clearchus heard this he asked what quantitie of Land lay betwixt Tygris and the Draine He answered that the territorie was large had many villages great cities in it Here-hence they perceiued that the Barbarians sent the man vnderhand fearing that the Grecians would not passe the Bridge but remaine in the Island hauing for their Fortification the Riuer Tygris on the one side and the Draine on the other taking their prouision out of the Countrey where it was both plenteous and verie good in which also many Labourers inhabited Besides the place would be fit for retreat in case they were disposed to make inroades vpon the Kings dominions After this they gaue themselues to rest and yet were not vnmindfull to send a Guard to the Bridge But neither did any man assault the Greekish Campe nor yet as the Guard brought newes did any of the enemie come to the Bridge Assoone as it was day they passed the Bridge in as good order as was possible which Bridge was laid ouer the Riuer vpon 37 Ships Some of the Grecians in Tissaphernes Campe gaue intelligence they should be charged in their passage ouer But nothing of this was true During the time of their passage Glus and others were seene to obserue whether they passed ouer or no and when they saw them passing they spurred away with all speed From Tygris they marched 20 Parasangs in foure encampings as farre as the Riuer Fyscus It hath a Bridge vpon it and neere it a great Citie inhabited the name wherof is Opis hard by which the bastard-Brother of Cyrus and of Artaxerxes leading a great Armie from Sufae and Ecbatana to the Kings aid met the Grecians and causing his owne Armie to stay beheld the Grecians in their march Clearchus led his men two in a ranke and oftentimes made Alt in his going on As long as the Front of the Armie stood still so long the whole Armie stood also still so that both the Grecians held it a great Armie and the Persian was astonied at the sight thereof From hence they marched in six encampings 30 Parasangs in the Wildernesse thorow Media euen vp to the Villages which appertained to Parisatis Mother of Cyrus and of the King These did Tissaphernes permit the Grecians in derision of Cyrus to ransacke and take out of them what they list excepting only the bodies of men Much Corne and many Sheep and other goods were found there From thence in fiue encampings in the Wildernesse they marched 20 Parasangs leauing the Riuer Tygris on the left hand In the first encamping beyond the Riuer was a great and rich Citie called Caenae out of which the Barbarians transported Bread Cheese and Wine vpon flote-Boates made of Skins After this they came to the Riuer Zabatus which was foure Plethers broad and there remained three daies and still they increased their iealousies but no manifest deceit or lying in wait of one against the other was perceiued Therefore Clearchus thought it best to conferre with Tissaphernes to allay if he could these distrusts before they broke out into open hostilitie And hee sent a speciall messenger vnto him to signifie that hee desired to speake with him who readily answered hee might come when he pleased At their meeting Clearchus begun and said I know well Tissaphernes that we haue sworne and giuen mutuall right hands not to infest or annoy one another I see notwithstanding you keepe narrow watch vpon vs as vpon enemies and we perceiuing it doe as much vpon you But when according to my poore vnderstanding I looked into the matter and could not finde you sought to wrong vs and knew for certain that to wrong you was furthest from our thoughts I desired conference that thereby we might as much as was possible take each from other this diffidence For I am not ignorant that men fearing one another whether out of sinister delations or of iealousie to the end rather to preuent than to suffer bring remedilesse euills vpon them that neither seeke nor thinke the harme which they imagine is intended Conceiuing therefore that such errours are easily laid asleepe by familiar conference I come to you to signifie that you distrust vs without cause For first and chiefly our oathes forbid vs to be enemies
them to receiue our sicke men into their houses When they opened not the Gates we offering no other violence entred there where they would haue kept vs out The sicke men lodge indeed in their houses but yet they liue of their owne without charging their Hosts a penny And wee set guards vpon the Gates left our sicke men should haply be at the mercy of your Gouernours and not in our power to take to vs when we are disposed The rest of vs as you see are orderly encamped in the Field readie to gratifie thosâ— that deserâ—e well at our hands and to defend our selues against such aâ— offer vs iniurie But where you threatned that you would make Corylas and the Paphlagonians your friends to ioine with you against vs Know that if we must needs we care not to warre against you botâ— for we haue alreadie â—ought with â—umbers farre exceeding yours but if we list we can as well gaine the friendship of Corylas and the Paphlagonians as you For â—e are giuen to vnderstand that he would faine become owner of your Citie and of the Fortresses ioining to the Sea We can then by furthering his desire make him our friend After these words the fellow Embassadors of Hecatonymus declared that they were thoroughly agrieued with that which Hecatonymus had spoken and one of them stepping forth said We come not to denounce warre but to shew we are your friends and we will honour you with gifts of hospitalitie if you please to come to the Sinopaean Citie For the present we will enioine our people here to furnish you with what they are able because we see all is true which you haue spoken Afteâ— this the Cotyorites sent gifts of hospitalitie and the Grecian Coronels entertained the Sinopaean Embassadors with feasts and bankets and they conferred about many things with all friendship and good liking and sought to informe themselues in other things but principally in the remainder of their iourney and in such matter as concerned them both This was the end of that day The next day the Coronels called the Souldiers together and it was thought expedient to consult in the presence of the Siâ—opaeans about the rest of the way into Greece For if they were to set forward on foot the Sinopaeans seemed to be good guides for they had much experience of Paphlagonia if by Sea they might stand them in stead seeming alone able to furnish out shipping enough for the whole Armie Calling therefore the Embassadors vnto them they consulted together and praied them being Grecians to assist them being also Grecians with their best affections and aduice Then Hecatonymus standing vp = excused himselfe in that he spoke concerning the making of the Paphlagonian friend and added it was not his meaning to make warre against the Grecians but albeit it were in their power to enter into friendship with the Barbarians yet would they in loue prefer and much more esteeme the respect of the Grecians When he was required to deliuer his opinion after he had made his praier to the gods he begun in this sort If I shall aduise you that which my minde perswâ—deth me to be best and fittest for you I pray the gods I may haue many good and prosperous fortunes If otherwise let the contrarie befall me For I take this if any other to be of that kind of counsell which is accounted holy and if I shall now giue you good aduice many of you will loue and commend me if ill as many will detest and curse me This then I am assured of if you iourney by Sea the trouble will be ours in regard that we must furnish you out shipping If you hold on by Land you your selues are the men that must make way with your Swords I will notwithstanding deliuer those things which lie in my knowledge For I am well acquainted with the Countrey of Paphlagoâ—ia and wâ—th their Forces Both this and that Countrey haue large Plaines and high Mountaines and I know the way which you must of necessitie hold and to say truth there is no other way then to passe along where the Mountaines on both hands lift vp themâ—elues with huge and exâ—â—eding loâ—tie horâ—es which a few men hauing taken and possessed may â—â—â—ily maintaine neither is there any multiâ—udâ— so great that can dislodge them or gaine the passage This will I make manifest to any whomsoeuer you shall be pleased to send with me From hence there follow large Champaignes and the inhabitants are furnished with such a power of Horse as the Barbarians themselues esteeme to be better then all that serue the King and albeit the King sent for them yet they absolutely refused to goe their Gouernour carying too loftie a minde to be vnder any other mans command But admit you can by stealth and preuention gaine the Mountaines and likewise beat their Horse and Foot which are in number aboue twelue Myriades yet are you to passe ouer Riuers First Thermodâ—â—â— a Riuer of three Plethers in bredth which I conceiue you will hardly get ouer especially a multitude of enemies opposing against you on the further side and many likewise pursuing you behinde The second Iris of three Plethers of bredth likewise The third Halis two Furlongs broad which cannot be passed without shipping and who will furnish you with Ships I may say the same of Parthenius to which you must come after you are ouer Halis For my part therefore I say not that the iourney will be hard but I say it will be altogether impossible But if you take your selues to Sea you may without difficultie saile hence to Sinope and from thence to Heraclea From Heraclea you may goe on easily enough either by Land or Sea For there is sufficient shipping at Heraclea After he had thus discoursed some suspected that his speech tended to gratifie and retaine the frienship of Corylas for he was his Guest other that he did it in hope to gaine reward for his counsell some other that he so discoursed because he feared lest the Sinopaean Countrey should sustaine losse and spoile if the Armie continued their march by Land The Grecians decreed to hold on their iourney by Sea This conclusion being made Xenophon said You see ô Sinopaeans that the Armie is readie to hold the way which you aduise them to Yet must you vnderstand thus much that we are so determined to take Sea if we shall finde such sufficiencie of shipping that not one of vs shall need to be left behinde But in case some of vs be to saile other to remaine here assure your selues we will not goe nor stirre a foot from heâ—ce For this we all know wheresoeuer we shall be the stronger we shall be both able to saue our selues from danger and to command such things as shall be needfull for vs. Where we are found the weaker our condition will be no better then if we were Slaues When the Embassadours heard
and danced in Armes to the Flute and capred aloft nimbly and vsed Swords At the last one strooke another in such sort that one of them fell and euerie man conceiued that he was deadly wounded But the stroke was artificially giuen at which notwithstanding the Paphlagonians cried out as men are wont to doe in feare After he that strooke the other taking the spoile of his Armes departed singing a Thracian Song which they call Sitalca Other Thracians taking the body of him that fell caried it out as if he had beene dead whereas indeed he had no manner of harme Next after them the Aenians and Magnetians arose and danced the dance commonly called the Seed-dance in their armes The manner of the dance is this One of them laying by his armes soweth the land and driueth on his Oxen in the plow looking often backe as though he were afraid The theefe approacheth The other as soone as he seeth him snatcheth vp his armes and fighteth with him before the Plow All this is performed in measure to the Flute At the last the theefe bindeth the Plow-man and driueth away the Oxen and sometime the Plow-man bindeth the theefe and fastneth him to the Oxen his hands tied behinde him and so driueth away After this a Mysian came in bearing in each hand a Target and sometimes he danced making semblance as if he opposed against two sometime he vsed the Targets as it were against one man sometimes he whirled about in a circle and tumbled ouer his head holding the Targets still in his hands So that it was a pleasant sight to behold him Lastly he danced the Persian dance clapping his Targets together one against another and kneeled downe and straightwayes stood vp againe and all this he did by measure to the sound of the Flute Then the Mantinaeans and some other Arcadians stood vp armed as seemingly as they could and moued in measure the Flute sounding a point of warre and sung the Paean and danced as the manner is in supplications to the gods The Paphlagonians seeing this wondred that all dances were performed in armes The Mysian to increase their wonder after hee had gotten the assent of an Arcadian that had a dancing woman in his possession brought her in arming her as gorgeously as he might with a light Target in her hand She danced the dance called Pyrrhice with great agilitie and nimblenesse Hereupon there arose a great clapping of hands and the Paphlagonians asked whether women also were their companions in fight To whom answer was made that the women were they who beat the King of Persia out of the Grecian Campe. This was the end of that nights sport The next day they brought the Ambassadours to the Army and the Souldiers decreed that the Paphlagonians should doe them no wrong nor they any to the Paphlagonians So the Ambassadours departed The Grecians when they imagined they had sufficient store of shipping gathered together went aboord and sailing forward that day and night with a faire gale they left Paphlagonia on their left hand and the next day they came as farre as Sinope and cast anchor before Harmene a Port of the Sinopaeans The Sinopaeans inhabite a part of Paphlagania and are a Colonie of Milesians They sent hospitall gifts to the Grecians 3000 Medimnes of meale of wine 1500 Amphores Thither came Cherisophus with some gallies which he had prouided The Souldiers expected him and were in hope that when he came he would bring them some good â—idings He brought them only newes that Anaxibius the Admirall and the rest commended them much and that Anaxibius promised they should haue ready pay if they would come out of Pontus The army remained at Harmene fiue dayes The neerer they seemed to come to Greece the more carefull they were to get and to furnish themselues with something before they came home They were of opinion therefore that if they did chuse one Generall that that one should haue a more vniforme and a more absolute command ouer the Army both by night and by day than if the command were in many hands And if any thing were to be kept secret it might be better concealed if to be preuented it should receiue the lesse hindrance For there needed no conference and the resolution of one might quickly be put in execution whereas heretofore all things passed by pluralitie of voices of the Coronels Being in this conceit they turned to Xenophon and the Captaines comming to him told what the affection of the Army was and euery of them out of their loue perswaded him to take vpon him the command Xenophon himselfe was desirous of the place thinking that both his honour might hereby grow greater and his name more esteemed both with his friends and Citie and it might fall out that he might be occasion of some good to the Army These thoughts lifted him vp to desire the Generall-ship But when he weighed in his minde that no man fore-knew the euent of things to come and that hereby he might hazard his former reputation he began to be in doubt and being not able to resolue it seemed best to counsell with the gods He called therefore to him two Priests and sacrificed to Iupiter the King of gods who by the Oracle of Delphos was appointed his Councellour in matters to come and hee beleeued that the dreame which he saw when hee first was chosen Coronell of the Army proceeded from Iupiter And he remembred that when he went out of Ephesus to follow Cyrus an Eagle croaked at his right hand sitting on the ground which the sooth-sayer that accompanied him at that time said to be a great augury portending more than the estate of a priuate man and that it was illustrious but yet notwithstanding laborious For birds vse not to molest the Eagle by falling vpon her saue onely when she sitteth on the ground Further that no great profit was signified by the token because the Eagle taketh her prey rather when she is on wing The god therefore when he sacrificed foretold apparantly that he was neither to seeke after the Generalls place nor yet to accept of it if it were offered him This was the issue of that businesse Now the Army being assembled it was the opinion of all that one Generall was to be chosen and their choice inclined to Xenophon who when he saw if they went to the election their resolution would be to giue him the place he stood vp and spake thus I ô Souldiers if I be a man haue cause to be glad of this honour which you offer vnto me and to giue you thankes and to pray to God that any occasion may be ministred whereby I may be able to doe you seruice But to chuse me your Generall a Lacedemonian being present seemeth neither for your nor yet for mine owne auaile in as much as if hereafter you shall happen to stand
Xenophon assented vnto In the meane time Seuthes the Thracian sent Medosades and desired Xenophon to be a meanes and furtherance to the transportation of the Armie adding he should not repent himselfe in so doing Xenophon answered that the Armie without all question was to come ouer and in regard thereof Seuthes need not giue any thing either to him or to any man else After the transportation quoth he I am to depart Let him therefore addresse himselfe in such sort as he thinketh best to those that remaine behinde and shall be most for his purpose So all the Armie came ouer to Byzantium Anaxibius gaue them not pay according to his promise but made proclamation that taking their Armes and baggage they should depart out of the Citie as if he had a purpose to send them away and to take muster of them Hereupon the Souldiers weâ—â— discoâ—tenâ— because they wanted money to make prouision for their iourney and they made no great haâ—â—e in trussing vp their baggage Xeâ—â—phâ—â— being become now a Guest to Cleander the Gouernour went to him and saluted him hauing in minde â—o take shipping presently You shall not doe so â—oth he If you doe you will be blamed For alreadie they lay the fault vpon you that the Armie is so slow in departing the Citie Yet am not I in fault quoth Xenophon For the Souldiers wanting victuall and money for their iourney are in that regard loth to leaue the Citie Yet would I counsell you quoth he to goe out as though you meant to march with them and when the Armie is out of the Gates to depart whither you list Let vs goe then to Anaxibius quoth Xenophon and take order accordingly Comming to him they told what they had resolued He willed them so to doe and that the Souldiers should presently issue with their baggage and further to signifie that whosoeuer appeared not at the musters and view to be taken should thanke himselfe if any thing fell out contrarie to his expectation Hereupon the Coronels first went out and after them the rest and now were all out but a few and Ereoâ—â—â—s stood at the Gates readie to shut them and put in the barre assoone as all were gone Anaxibius calling then the Coronels and Captaines to him said For prouision you may take it out of the Thracian Villages There shall you finde plentie of Barley and of Wheaâ— and other victuall After you are furnished march on to Cherronesus where Cynisous shall giue you your pay Some of the Souldiers ouer-heard these words or else some of the Captaines reported them to the Armie The Coronels asked Seuthes whether the Countrey were enemie or friend and whether they were to march ouer the holy Mountaine or in circle thorow the middest of Thrace During this conference the Souldiers snatching vp their Armes ran with full speed to the Gates minding to enter within the Wals. Etâ—onicus and those with him when they saw the armed come running shut the Gates and made fast the barre The Souldiers beat at the Gates crying they were extremely wronged thus to be thrust out to the enemie and threatned to breake the Gates asunder if they opened them not of their owne accord Other some ran along by the Sea side and climbed vp the wall by the great stones that were laid betwixt the Sea and the wall to breake the violence of the waues There were of the Souldiers that remained yet within the Citie who when they saw the stirre about the Gates cut asunder the barres with axes and set the Gates wide open Xenophon beholding what was done fearing left the Armie should fall to spoile and worke inestimable damage to the Citie to him and to themselues ran amongst the rest and in the crowd was carried within the Gates As soone as the Byzantians perceiued that the Armie had entred the Citie by force they fled out of the market-place some toward the ships some to their houses They that were within the Citie fled out and some put the Gallies afloat hoping to finde safetie in them All accounted themselues lost none otherwise than if the City had beene taken by the enemie Anaxibius fled to the Sea taking a Fisher-boat and recouered the Castle from whence out of hand he sent for succour to Chalcedon thinking the Garrison of the Castle insufficient to make the place good against the Armie The Souldiers when they saw Xenophon said to him Now ô Xenophon it is in your owne hands to make your selfe a man you haue a Citie you haue Gallies you haue riches you haue so many men now if you please you may doe vs good and we will make you great You say well quoth Xenophon and I will follow your counsell onely if this be your desire put your selues in order of battell without delay Both himselfe gaue this command and he willed the other Coronels to giue direction to imbattell the Souldiers thereby to still and appease the vproare They putting themselues in order the armed stood in short time fiftie deepe and the Peltasts ran to both wings The place was fit to embattell in called Thracium being void of houses and an euen plot of ground After they had laid downe their Armes and were still Xenophon called the army together and made this speech vnto them I maruell not ô Souldiers that you are angry thinke you haue cause of discontent in regard of the deceit that is vsed towards you But if we giue reines to our anger and seeke reuenge vpon the Lacedemonians that are present and put the Citie that is blamelesse to sacke cast in your mindes what will be the issue And what kinde of war this will be they may iudge that haue seene and remember the euents of things lately passed For we the Athenians entred into war against the Lacedemonians and their Allieâ— being owners of no lesse than foure hundred Gallies which were in part abroad in part in our Arsenall And albeit that the Citie had much riches and a yeerely reuenew arising from the Citizens and from strangers no lesse than 1000. talents and besides was mistresse of all the Ilands and possessed many Cities in Asia many in Europe and amongst the rest this Byzantium it selfe where we now are yet were we ouercome as you all know Now then what can we expect to befall vs the Lacedemonians and Achaeans being linked in societie and the Athenians and all their confederates that then were being of the partie Tissaphernes and the other Barbarians on the other side of the Sea our enemies and the great King most of all other whose kingdome we sought to bereaue him of and to take his life if we could All these things being so is any man so simple to conceiue that wee shâ—ll haue the vpper hand For Gods sake let vs not be franticke nor cast away our selues shamefully in becomming enemy to our fathers friends and kinsfolke For they liue
all in the Cities which will make warre against vs. Which warre will not want a iust ground considering we sought not to possesse any Barbarian Citie albeit we won them by force and now we put to spoile the first Grecian Citie to which we are arriued For my part I wish my selfe 1000. Fathoms vnder the ground before I see so shamefull an act committed by you and I would counsell you being Grecians to seeke things right and iust not by force but by obedience to them that are rulers of the Grecians which if you cannot obtaine yet is it not fit that because we are wronged we should therefore depriue our selues of Greece And now I am of opinion that we are to signifie to Anaxibius that we come into the Citie not to vse any violence but if it might be to obtaine some friendship at his hands If not to shew vnto him that we depart not being deceiued but obeying his command These things were decreed and they sent away Hieronymus the Elaean and Eurylochus the Arcadian and Philesius the Achaean to deliuer the message In the meane time while they remained in the place expecting their messengers returne came Cyrotades a Theban who was no banished man from Greece but went from place to place desirous to haue the command of an army offering himselfe to any Citie or Nation that needed a Generall He then comming to the army told them he would lead them to that part of Thrace which was called Delta where they should inrich themselues with the spoile of the Countrey and if they would accept him for their Generall he would bountifully bestow meat and drinke vpon them The Souldiers at the same time heard his proposition and the message of Anaxibius who returned answer that they should neuer repent themselues of their obedience to him for he said he would signifie it to the Magistrates of his Citie and be readie to gratifie them to the vttermost of his power Hereupon the Souldiers tooke Cyrotades for their Generall and went out of the walles Cyrotades appointed to be with the army the next day bringing with him sacrifice a soothsayer and meat and drinke for the army When they were departed the Citie Anaxibius shut the gates and made Proclamation that whatsoeuer Souldier hee found in the Citie hee would sell him as a slaue The next day Cyrotades came with sacrifice and a soothsayer 20. men followed him laden with barley meale other twenty with wine three with oyle one that bore as great a burden of Garlicke as he could another of Onions Laying these things downe as it were to be diuided amongst the souldiers he sacrificed Xenophon in the meane sending to Cleander desired him to get leaue for him to come within the walls and to take shipping to saile from Bizantium Cleander came vnto him With much adoe quoth he I haue obtained that which you desire For Anaxibius said it would not sute well that Xenophon should be within the walls and the Armie without so neere to the Citie especially the Bizantians being at diuision amongst themselues and ill-minded one against another Notwithstanding he willed you to come in if you minded to saile away with him Xenophon saluting and bidding the Souldiers farewell entred the Citie with Cleander Cyrotades found no good successe in his sacrifice the first day nor did he distribute any thing to the Souldiers The next day he brought the beast to the Altar and stood crowned as though he meant to sacrifice Timasion the Dardanian and Neon the Asinaean and Cleanor the Orchomenian told Cyrotades it would be in vaine to sacrifice in hope to be Generall of the Armie vnlesse he gaue prouision to maintaine them He bid that the prouision should be diuided amongst them when he could not furnish out so much as would serue euery Souldier for one dayes prouision he tooke his sacrifice with him and renounced the Generals place Neon the Asinaean and Phryniscus the Achaian and Timasion the Dardanian remained with the Armie and leading it to the Thracian villages about Byzantium encamped there The Coronels were diuided amongst themselues Cleanor and Phryniscus wishing to leade the Armie to Seuthes for he had wonne them giuing the one a horse the other a woman Neon to Cherronesus imagining if they were vnder the Lacedemonians he should be chiefe Commander Timasion the Dardanian was desirous to passe it ouer againe into Asia hoping thereby to be restored to his countrey which the Souldiers likewise desired Much time being spent herein many of the Souldiers selling their armes in the countrey thereabout forsooke the Armie other dispersed themselues into the neighbour Cities Anaxibius was filled with ioy hearing that the Armie went to wracke For that comming to passe he conceiued he should gratifie Pharnabazus Anaxibius now sailing from Byzantium encountred at Cyzicus Aristarchus the successor of Cleander gouernour of Byzantium He told Anaxibius that Polus his successor in the Admirals place was only not arriued at Hellespont Anaxibius willed Aristarchus if he found any of Cyrus his Souldiers at Byzantium he should sell them for slaues Clearchus sold none nay rather those that were sicke he in pitie made much of and compelled men to take them into their houses But Aristarchus hasting to Byzantium as soone as he came there sold no lesse than 400 of them for slaues Anaxibius sailed to Parium and sent to Pharnabazus expecting an answer according to their composition He after he perceiued that Aristarchus was come Gouernour to Byzantium and that Anaxibius was no more Admirall regarded Anaxibius little and practised the same with Aristarchus concerning Cyrus his Souldiers that he had before concluded with Anaxibius Hereupon Anaxibius calling Xenophon vnto him willed him with all his cunning to saile to the Armie and keepe them together and to gather as many as he could of those that were dispersed and leading them to Perinthus to transport them into Asia with all speed He gaue also a Galley and a letter to Xenophon and sent an expresse messenger to command the Perinthians to furnish Xenophon with horse and send him with all speed vnto the Armie So Xenophon sailing away came to the Armie The Souldiers entertained him with ioy and streightway followed him willingly being in hope to passe ouer out of Thrace into Asia Seuthes hearing that Xenophon was come sent Medosades by Sea vnto him and intreated him to bring the Armie into Thrace promising whatsoeuer he thought would tempt him to giue way vnto his request Xenophon answered it was impossible to be done Medosades after this answer was giuen rode away When the Grecians were come to Perinthus Neon separating his Regiment from the rest of the Army encamped apart hauing about 800 men All the rest of the Armie set downe together hard by the walls of Perinthus Xenophon in the meane time practised all he could to get shipping for the speedy transportation of the Armie into Asia Whilest this was
doing Aristarchus the Gouernour arriuing from Byzantium with two Gallies at the perswasion of Pharnabazus commanded the Saylers not to receiue so much as one Souldier aboord And comming to the Armie forbade them to passe ouer into Asia Xenophon told him that it was the commandement of Anaxibius and he sent him purposely about this businesse Aristarchus replied that Anaxibius was not Admirall and I quoth he am Gouernour here if I take any of you vpon the Sea I will sinke you Hauing said thus much he entred within the walls of the Citie The next day he sent for the Coronels and Captaines of the Armie They being now neere the walls it was told Xenophon that if hee went into the Citie he should be apprehended and either suffer there I wot not what or else be deliuered into the hands of Pharnabazus He hearing this sent in the rest for himselfe he said he would aske counsell of the gods by sacrifice and departing he sacrificed demanding whether the gods would be pleased he should leade the Armie vnto Seuthes or no. For he saw he could not safely passe ouer into Asia especially since the man that forbade the passage had Gallies at command and he liked not to be shut vp in Cherronesus and to haue the Armie brought to extreme want of all things Besides in the place where they were they must obey the Gouernour and yet be destitute of prouision About this businesse was Xenophon The Coronels and Captaines returning from Aristarchus brought word that he willed them now to depart and come againe in the euening Hereupon the fraud seemed more apparent Xenophon therefore when he saw the sacrifice to be faire both for him and the Armie to goe to Seuthes without danger taking Polycrates the Athenian Captaine with him and a man from euery the Coronels except Neon such a one as euery one trusted most rode that night to the Camp of Seuthes which was 50 furlongs distant and comming vp to the Campe they found fires and no man neere them And first they imagined that Seuthes had remoued his Campe but when they heard a noise and Seuthes his Souldiers calling one to another they conceiued that Seuthes had caused the fires to be made before his night-guards that in the darke the Sentinels might not be seene and yet those that had accesse to the Campe might not be hidden but plainly discouered by the light of the fires Which when he perceiued he sent the Interpreter which he brought with him to signifie to Seuthes that Xenophon was there desirous to speake with him They asked whether it were Xenophon the Athenian and whether he came from the Armie and when he answered he was the same they returned dancing A little while after came about 200 Peltasts and taking Xenophon and his company with them they led them to Seuthes He was in a Castle carefully guarded and the horse round about the Castle were bridled For in the day time he fed his horse by night he had them in a readinesse for feare It is reported that Tereus one of his auncestors hauing a great Armie in this countrey lost many of his Souldiers and was lighted of all his baggage by these men They are the Thynes who are said to be the most warlike of all the Nation especially by night When they came to the Castle Seuthes willed Xenophon to come in with any two he should choose Being within they first saluted and then according to the Thracian manner drunke hornes of wine one to another Medosades was then present with Seuthes whose seruice he vsed in all Embâ—ssages Xenophon began then to speake You sent Medosades to me O Seâ—thes first to Chalcedon intreating me to be a meanes to transport the Armie out of Asia and promising if I brought it to passe to require my seruice as this Medosades signified vnto me Speaking thus much he asked Medosades if it were not true Medosades said it was so Then came Medosades to me the second time after I came from Pâ—rion to the Armie promising if I brought the Armie to you that you would otherwise vse me as a friend brother and also giue me the Townes you possesse by the Sea-side He asked Medosades whether he spake not this also Yes quoth he I spake it Goe to now report what answer I made you at Chalcedon First you answered quoth he that the Armie was to come ouer to Byzantium and that in respect thereof there needed not any thing to be giuen to you or to any man else and you said you were to depart as soone as you came ouer and it fell out as you said But what answer made I at Selymbria You said it was not possible to be done because the Armie was to march to Perinthus and there to be transported into Asia Now am I here said Xenophon and this Phryniscuâ— one of the Coronels and this Polycrates one of the Captaines and without the Castle are the most trusty friends of all the other Coronels except of Neon the Lacedâ—monian To giue credit therefore vnto our negotiation it will be good that you call for them to be present here within And you Polycrates â—ell them from me that I would haue them leaue their armes without and you likewise leaue your sword there and so come in Seuthes hearing this said he distrusted no Athenian for he knew they were his kinsfolke and he reckned them in the number of his faithfull and well-affected friends When they that should were come in Xenophon asked Seuthes wherin he purposed to vse the seruice of the Armie Seuthes spake thus Mesades was my father vnder whose gouernment were the Melaâ—dopâ—ans the Thynes and the Thranipsans When the affaires of the Odryssians began to be troubled my father being driuen out of this countrey fell sicke and died and I was brought vp as an orphan by Medâ—ous that now reigneth After I grew to a few yeares I could not endure to sit and looke vpon another mans table Wherefore being at his table I humbly besought him to afford me such forces as he could that I might be reuenged vpon them that had eiected vs out of our patrimony and not alwaies liue like a dog waiting at his table Hereupon he gaue me those men and horse which you shall see as soone as it is day And now I spend the time with these spoiling and driuing preies out of my fathers countrey But if you ioyne with me I hope the gods being friends easily to recouer my kingdome And this is the cause wherefore I craue your aid What then quoth Xenophon can you giue the army the Captaines and the Coronels if we come Speake it quoth he before this company that they may make report to the rest of the army He promised to a common Souldier a Cyzicene two to a Captaine foure to a Coronell and as much land as he desired and yoakes of oxen and a walled
of the Grecians and the Ambassadours sent from Cities were entred into supper they set downe all in a ring Then were three-footed kettles brought in for them all They were about twentie in number full of flesh cut in peeces and of great loaues of leauened bread pierced thorow and fastened to the flesh The tables as the custome is were set neerest to the strangers Seuthes first of all taking the loaues next him broke them into small peeces and the flesh likewise and threw the peeces to whom hee thought good reseruing to himselfe no more thaâ— a taste The other that had the tables standing by them did the like There was amongst the rest an Arcadian Aristos by name a notable eater He not regarding that which was cast vnto him taking a loafe of the bignesse well-nigh of a pecke in one hand and a peece of flesh on his knees fell a eating Hornes of wine were carried about and euery man tooke them Aristos when hee that filled the wine came and offered it to him seeing Xenophon forbeare eating goe giue it him quoth he for he is at leasure and I not Seuthes hearing the voice asked the filler of wine what he said who when he told him for he could speake Greeke the whole company fell a laughing The cups now walked thicke about and a Thracian vpon a white horse came in and taking a full horne said Seuthes I drinke to you and giue you this horse whose backe when you are vpon you may easily take whomsoeuer you chace and retiring need not feare any enemie Another brought in a boy and drinking in the same sort gaue him to the King Another garments for his wife Timasion drunke to him and gaue him a siluer cup and a carpet worth ten pound Gâ—esippus the Athenian standing vp said That it was an ancient and a verie good custome that they that had should for honours sake giue to the King and the King to them that had not So should I quoth hee haue wherewith to present and honour the King Xenophon doubted with himselfe what to doe For he was honoured sitting in the next seat to the King and Heraclides willed the wine-filler to reach the Horne vnto him He was now well tippled therefore stood vp boldly taking the Horne in his hand and said I ô Seuthes giue my selfe vnto you and all these my Companions to be your faithfull friends and I giue none of them against their wils but all so minded that euerie one will striue to doe you more seruice than my selfe And now they are here wishing nothing more than to beemploied and to vndergoe perill for your sake with the helpe of whom if the gods will you shall both recouer and also enioy your Fathers Kingdome and not only it but many Horse many men and faire women whom you shall not need to spoile and take from them what they haue but of their owne â—ree will they will bring gifts vnto you Seuthes standing vp pledged him in a full Horne and drunke it out and he cast here and there the flesh that was before him After this the Cerasuntines came in who vse Flutes and Trumpets made of the raw Hides of Oxen playing in measure as the vse is vpon the Instrument called Magade Seuthes himselfe stood vp and casting forth a martiall cry leaped forward nimbly shunning as it were a dart that seemed to be cast at him Iesters also came in When the Sun was now readie to set the Grecians arose from their seats signifying it was time to dispose the watch and to giue the word They desired Seuthes to take order that no Thracian entred the Grecian quarter by night because said they there are some Thracians that are enemies some that are friends both to you and vs. When they went out Seuthes also stood vp nothing lesse than like a drunken man and comming abroad he called the Coronels to him and said The enemie yet knoweth not that you are entertained by me If therefore we goe against them before they feare to be caught or prouide to defend themselues we shall easily gaine both prisoners and plentie of riches The Coronels commended his aduice and willed him to leade on He replied that they should make themselues readie and stay where they were When it is time quoth he I will come vnto you and taking you and the Peltasts with me by the helpe of the gods I will be your guide Xenophon said Consider I pray seeing we are to march by night whether the Grecian manner be not best In the day time the light-Armed or Horse according to the nature of the place haue the Vant of the Armie in the night the vse of the Grecians is to giue the leading to the slowest For so the Armie is easiliest kept together and it is soonest espied if they breake But being seuered they often fall one vpon another and through ignorance doe and suffer hostilitie Seuthes answered You say well and I will follow your order and giue you old men the most experienced in the Countrey for Guides and my selfe bring vp the Reare with the Horse For I can soone be first if need be They gaue for the Word Pallas because of their kinred After this was spoken they tooke their rest About midnight Seuthes came vnto them with his Hors-men being Curaciers and with the Peltasts in their Armes and after he had giuen them Guides the armed Foot marched first the Peltasts followed and the Hors-men came in the Reare When it was day Seuthes galloped vp to the Front much commended the Grâ—cian manner For I my selfe quoth he marching in the night albeit but with a few haue oftentimes had my Horse distracted from my Foot Now are we by breake of day all together in one place as it ought to be But it is best you stay here and rest your selues I will scout abroad Speaking thus much he galloped along the Hill following a way that lead forward When he came to much Snow he began to looke about whether there were any foot-steps of men comming forward or backward When he could discerne no tract he straight returned and said All will be well ô Souldiers if God will For we shall fall vpon the enemie and take them at vnawares But I will goe before with the Horse to the end that if I see any man I may stay him lest he scape from vs and giue warning to the enemie Follow you and if you fâ—ll farrâ— behinde direct your selues by the tract of the Horse After we are ouer these Mountaines we shall come to Villages that are many in number and rich Abouâ— noone he was vpon the top of the Mountaines and discouering the Villages he came vpon the spur to the armed Foot saying I will send the Horse downe into Champeigne and the Peltasts into the Villages follow you as fast as you can that if any resistance be made you may come in to succour Xenophon hearing this
1200 Foot Resolution to goe by Sea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Intention of planting a Colonie A Daricke a peece of mony with Darius image vpon it the value of the peece 13. s. A slight of those of the contrary opinion Timasions speech that desired to goe to his owne countrey A Cyzicenâ— is 18. s. Thorax the Boâ—otian 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Xenophons speech 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Beanes they vsed for voices to absolue or condemne in many Cities The Thracian daunce The Aeâ—ian and Mâ—â—netian dance 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Mysian dance The Persian dance The Mantinaean dance The Pyrrhice It was a Lacedemonian dance in armes inuented by one Pyrrhicus a Lacedemonian Athenaeus 630. E. The Grecians take ship Sinope A Mâ—dimne is about a bushel â—mphâ—ra a meâ—surâ— of 30 gallons or thereabouts One Generall The affection of the Army to Xenophon Iupiter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bird-gazers Iupiters answer Xenophon refuseth to be Generall Peninsula that is ioined to the continent with a neck of Land only A Medimne is about one of our bushels Amphora was a vessel that contained thirtie gallons and a halfe 200. Foot A Cyzicen was in value about 18. s. Sedition of the Arcadians and Achaeans Their number was 4500. The Army diuided 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Euery one had 450 vnder his command Xenophons zeale without knowledge The Hauen Calpe The seuerall marches of the army being seueâ—ed Of the Arcadians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Thraâ—ians besiege the Aâ—cadians Of Cherisophus Of Xenophon Xâ—nophon hath newes of the distâ—esse of the Arcadians His counsell for their releefe Furning the enemies countrey to make shew of a great Armie Fiue mile The siege raised Xenophon ouertaketh the Arcadians They ioyne in marching There are two Thraces one in Europâ— the other in Asia In European Thrace standeth Constantinople in the other was the Hauen of Calpe The barbarous cruelty of the Thraâ—tans A description of Calpe 40 yards 400 foot The Hauen Two mile and a halfe The quality of the Grecians that followed this warre A decree not to separate their Forces hereafter The death of Cherisophus A meanes to still suspicion Neons rashnesse And ill successe Pharnabazus Lieutenant in Phrygia to the King of Persia. A difference of age in Souldiers The enemy beats in the Grecian guards Fortification of the Campe. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The Grecians issue out of the Campe. They bury the dead 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Two mile well-neere Seconds Ordering of the seconds 100. Foot that is 20 paces Geometricall A doubt to enter a wood Xenophons resolution Passing a Wood. The Grecians moue against the enemy 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The demeaning of their pikes Their Peltasts repulsed 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 A charge A second charge Chace giuen by the Peltasts 7 mile and a halfe Cleander Gouernour of Byzance now Constantinople Dexippus his fraud and wrong He laieth hold vpon a Souldier Rescous of the Souldier Cleanders feare and threatning Agasias The Souldiers contemne Cleander Xenophons speeâ—h to the contrary The Souldier rescued and the rescuer yeelded vp to Cleander Agasias in his owne defence Exceptions against Dexippus Violence not to be vsed Intercession of the Armie for the prisoners Cleander releaseth the prisoners Accepteth the place of Generall The sacrifice gaine say it Anaxibius the Lacedemonian Admirall Draweth the Armie ouer to Byzance Xenophons purpose to leaue the Armie Seuthes King of Thrace sendeth to Xenophon The Armie at Byzance Anaxibius seeketh to deceiue the Armie The Army goeth out of Byzance The Army findeth the deceit of Anaxibius 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Returneth to Byzance discontented Breake open a gate The feare of the Citie 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Xenophon stilleth the commotion Messengers to 〈◊〉 â—â—â—otades oâ—feâ—eâ—h himselfe Generâ—ll The army goeth out of the Citie and followeth him Xenophon departeth from the Army Cyrotades his prouision too scant He renounceth his command The Coronels of diuers mindes Cruelty of Anaxibius and Arâ—starchus against the Souldiers The faithlesnesse of Pharnabazus Anaxibius sendeth Xenophon to the Army againe Seuthes desireth to haue the seruice of the Army The Army at Perinthus a Citie in Thrace Aristarchus hindereth their passage into Asia Xenophons danger His sacrifice He posteth into Thrace 6 Mile and a quarter Fires before the Guards The Thynes Xenophon with Seuthes His propositions to Seuthes Why Seuthes desired the army The offers of Seuthes to the army Aristarchus sendeth for the Coronels who refuse to come The army goeth to Seuthes Seuthes meets the army 18 Shillings Seuthes to the Armie Reasons why the Armie should follow Seuthes They agree to follow him Hee inuiteth the Coronels and Captaines to supper Gifts to the King The manner of sitting and seruice at supper See Iul Poll. pag. 187. lin 12. The Watch. Surprising the enemie The order of matching in the night Pallas is in Greeke Athenaea From hence did Athens take the name and Seuthes was of the blood of the Athenians by Progue whom Tercus King of Thrace one of Seuthes his ancestors maried Choice of souldiers by the age 〈◊〉 speed The prey The cold of the Countrey Seuthes executeth his rebels Episthenes Spies of the enemy A Camisado by the Thynes The Thracians Peltasts Fit Hostages Constantinople which lieth in the European Thrace Want of pay Heraclides his calumniations The credit of Xeâ—â—phon with the Coronels 6 Mile and more The Army displeased with Xâ—nâ—phon about pay The Generall of the Lacidemonians in Asia the lesse The Army waged by the Lacedemonians 13. Shillings Seuthes his opinion of Xenophon 13. Shillings Xenophon accused for the pay due to the Souldiers Xenophons defence Charminus excuseth Xâ—nophon Heraclides the with-holder of the pay Xenophon in danger from the Lacedâ—monians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Medosades angry with the Grecians complaineth Xenophons answer The two Lacedemonians are meanes to recouer the Souldiers pay Xenophon sent to Seuthes about the pay His words to Seuthes A Talent is valued at 175 li. sterling and 50 Talents are 875â— li. sterling Seuthâ—s assenteth to pay the Souldiers The pledges of the Thracians that gaue the Camisado to Xenophon before The Armie satisfied Xenophon banished his countrey for following Cyrus who was a friend to the Laâ—edemonians Lampsacus a Citie in Asia the lesse Xenophon not greedy of riches An Epithet giuen to Iupiter signifying fauourable or gentle A Citie in the countrey Troas Xenophons horse released being pawned 32 li. 10 s. Xenophon vpon an exploit Sapping of a Castle A signe for succour 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Xenophons retreat A Ring 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Assidates taken prisoner Xenophon rewaâ—ded with a large portion 4281 mile and more Musters Ordo Arma. Tragula Arrowes Armour The Target Pikes Acies Discipline Duties Guards Ministeries Workes Exercise Lawes Rewards Punishment