the countrie and carried away great spoiles and bending towards the territorie of Denia they did as much as they had done in Arragon and moreouer Cid began to build a fort in the territorie of Morella called Alcala to hinder which fortification Aben-Alfaye demanded succors from the king of Arragon who came with a great army but the king of Arragon lost a battell and according to the opinion of fome was himselfe taken there but the Histories of Arragon do not confesse it After which exploites Cid Ruis Diaz returned into Castile where as D. Alphonso the king receiued him gratiously Cid Ruis Diaz returnes into Castile and gaue him Birbiesca Berlanga Aâ—zejon and other places and employed him in the conquest of Toledo which hee went to beseege soone after for some reasons which follow 13 King Hizien beeing dead Castile and Moores within thâ— yeare that hee began to raigne a good Prince who had sincerely intertained the allyance and league contracted by his father Almenon with the king D. Alphonso Hiaja Alcadurbile came to raigne at Toledo a trecherous cruell and vicious man so as he was equally hated of the Moores and Musarabes who cryed out for aide to the king of Castile and other kings against this barbarous tyrant beeing forced thereunto by his basnesse and for that they did see themselues abandoned of the Captaines and Noblemen which had serued his father and brother for beeing exceedingly giuen to lust he shut himselfe vp in his pallace with his concubines where he had no other thoughts but to glut his filthie and dishonest pleasures Wherefore Abubacar Gouernor of Valencia rebelled and kept the gouernement for himselfe The Moores sollicited the king of Badajos to take vpon him to dispossesse Hiaja Rebellions of Toledo draw the king of Castile to beseege the citty and the Christian Musarabes made the like offer to D. Alphonso king of Castile The king of Badajos meaning to preuent him entred first into Toledo in despight of king Hiaja whilest that the armie of Castile was preparing which D. Alphonso vnderstanding he was incensed and entring in hostill manner into the territorie of Toledo he spoyled the countrie which made the king of Badajos for that hee would not remaine betwixt two enemies to leaue Hiaja in his kingdome and to returne home D. Alphonso left not for all this to pursue this good occasion but went to beseege Toledo not streightly but spoyling the country and cutting off their victuals thereby to force the Inhabitants to yeeld through famin the which it seemes he had resolued with himselfe long before to execute when time should serue D. Alphonso's armie holding the fields in this manner about Toledo Aben-Alfaye king of Denia came suddenly vppon him yet ioyning his forces together as speedily as he could there was a battell fought about Consuegra where the Moore was defeated and forced to retire into the castell of Consuegra Moores twise defâ—ated In this battaile D. Roderigues de Biuar sonne to Cid was slaine whose bodie was buried at S. Peter of Cardegna Aben-Alfaye desirous to reuenge this losse leuied all the Moores he could and inuaded the Christians countrie passing the mountaines towards Medina del campo where they were againe incountred and defeated by Aluaro Ianes de Mimaya cousin to Cid whilest that the King D. Alphonso did ouer-runne the territories of Toledo whereas Hiaja Alcadurbile the King kept himselfe strong continuing notwithstanding in his filthie and dishonest life and in his cruelties whereby he made himselfe odious to all his subiects as well of his sect as Christians Musarabes so as they told him plainly that if he tooke no order for the necessities which prest them they would prouide for themselues This mad-man made no account of all these things wherefore the Musarabes did solicit D. Alphonso more then before to approach neere the Towne and to beseege it close This seege seemed exceeding difficult as well for the greatnesse of the cittie which was better peopled then any one in Spaine as also for the naturall strength of the situation and the rampars and fortifications made about it by art So as to attempt a thing of so great labour and such consequence D. Alphonso drew out of his countries all that were fit to beare armies and not content therewith he had the forces of all his other neighbour-friends and allies of Spaine namely of D. Sancho Ramires king of Nauarre and Arragon D. Sancho king of Arragon at the seâ—ge of Toledo as vassall to him of Castile who was there as his vassall for the Realme of Nauarre and besides there came vnto him many Noblemen of France Germany and Italy mooued with religion and hoping to winne Paradise in helping to subdue so great a fort held by the Mahumetists in Spaine Thus this great citty was beseeged and battered with all violence according to the manner of those times on the side of Vega there were seene many valiant exploites of armes on either side the Moores making diuers furious sallyes vpon the Christians seconded oftentimes by troupes of strange Moores which arriued on the sudden and greatly employed themselues for the preseruation of that cittie knowing that the losse thereof would be the ruine of the Moores estate in Spain On the other side the Christians of diuers nations there assembled mooued with diuers passions some with religion some with desire to winne honor some with an inueterate hatred against the Moores but most part fighting resolutely for spoyle forgetting nothing which art iudgement and valour do giue to resolute men Opinions are diuers touching the length of this seege it is most certaine that the spoyling of all that countrie continued some yeares which the Christian armies did continually ouer-runne hindring the tillage and cutting off the victuals which came from other places but being once streight ly beseeged Toledo yeelded to king D. Alphonso the 6. the warre continued not many weekes for the beseeged wanting victualles and pressed with hunger without hope of any succors by reason of the great forces which did beseege them they yeelded vnto the King D. Alphonso vpon these conditions 1 That he should repaire the ruines of the castell The conditions ports and bridges of the cittie with the Kings gardens which are vpon the riuer of Tayo and neare vnto the cittie 2 That king Hiaya Alcadurbile might retire freely into the citty of Valencia or where he pleased and that king D. Alphonso should aide him to recouer it and that hee might conduct with him what number of Moores he pleased 3 The Moores which would remaine in Toledo should be maintained in the same priuiledges exemptions and liberties that they were vnder their Kings Moores and not be charged with taxes and impositions more then of custome 4 That the great Mesquite of the cittie of Toledo which at this present is the principall church should remaine for the sayd Moores These conditions granted and sworne by the king D. Alphonso
vessells of burthen The Duke of Florence did send six gallies to this enterprise vnder the commaund of Simon de Rossermini They landed at Goulette whereas they found not any difficulty to keep them from entring into Tunis for it had beene abandoned vpon the bruite of their comming and all the Moores and Turkes were fled to the mountaines and desarts carrying away all their goods yea their victualls yet the King that was aduaunced by Vluccialy was taken prisoner Biserta a city some forty miles from Tunis was recouered with the like facility yielding by the persuasion of Amida who thought by this conquest to recouer his estate The matter being called in question there were many of the Kings councel in Spaine and of D. Iohns of opinion that Tunis should be demandeled Goulette rased for that those places brought nothing but charge vnto the King but they were not beleeued yea it was concluded to fortifie the City better and to make a new fort betwixt it and Goulette Fort built at Tunis and to ioyne the fort vnto the towne by two long curtines to beate downe the old wall of the towne and to lay it open towards the fort For the effecting whereof Gabriel Serbelloni had the charge and was made Colonell generall of the garrison that should bee left there which should consist of sixe thousand men three thousand Spaniards vnder the commaund of Salezar and three thousand Italians vnder Pagan Doria afterwards they said that D. Iohn left eight thousand men there with labourers sufficient for the fortification and a troupe of horse D. Iohn hauing thus ordered all things hee returned happily to Messina and then to Naples where he was receiued with much ioy in Nouember being assured that the Turke could not send a fleete from Constantinople to Barbarie vntill the next yeere and that in the meane time Serbelloni should haue leisure to fortifie D. Pedro Porto â—arrerâ— was gouernor in Goulette a man more respected for his birth than for his iudgement and knowledge in martiall affaires he was preferred vnto it no man knowes the reason in the place of D. Alphonso Pimentell an industrious and a valiant captaine In Tunis there was left more like a gouernour than King Mahomet brother to Amida who was alwayes opposite vnto him some write hee was but his cousin and as for Amida he was carried backe into Sicile whereas in former time they had seene his father Muley Hascen dispossessed and made blind by him and with him was the King whom Vluccialy had aduaunced in his place for that Amida had giuen D. Iohn some cause to suspect him yet some write it was for that the Moores did hate him deadly for his crueltie D. Iohn affects to be king of Tunis This happie exploit of D. Iohns made him to discouer his intentions more plainely vnto the Pope which was to remaine King of Tunis with the good liking of King Philip his brother continuing in this opinion he intreated the Pope to be Intercessour for him taking councell both in this and all other affaires of his Secretarie Iohn de Soto whom hee fauoured so much as he caused him to marrie about that time with the baronesse of Saint Philadelphus at Palermo the which did nothing please the King D. Diego prince of Spaine borne as we will shew hereafter But the Sultan Selim did soone make him loose that desire D. Iohn being come to Naples from the taking of Tunis their ioy and feasts were doubled hauing receiued newes that King Philip had another sonne the which being christned was called D. Diego He staied there some moneths much honoured then hee passed into Lombardie being called into Spaine by his brother but he went not by reason of the Turkes successe at the enterprise of Goulette The great Turke being much incensed for the taking of Tunis 1574 by a young man who had so much preuailed ouer his forces as after that he had in a maner disarmed him at sea he had dispossessed a King which had beene placed by him at Tunis and set an other in his place which was contrarie vnto him hee sent in the yeere one thousand fiue hundred seuenty and foure Sinan Bassa into Barbarie 〈◊〉 and Goulette recouâ—red by the Turkes with a nauie of one hundred and threescore gallies thirty shippes with many galcoâ—s foists and other small vessells carrying twenty thousand harquebuziers and almost as many archers with great store of ordnance and at land they had fifteene thousand Moores and Arabians on horse backe At the newes of this great fleete the viceroys of Naples and Sicile made preparation to defend their gouernement if the Turke should make any attempt vpon them D. Iohn had commaundement to furnish Goulette where as we haue said Porto Carrero was gouernour who required certaine mony of cardinall Granuelle then viceroy of Naples for the leuying of certaine men to send thither the which he refused saying that he had no other charge but to preserue the countrey which he had in gouernement So as Tunis and Goulette were left to their defenee that were in them where the Commaunders did not agree amongst themselues Porto Caâ—â—erâ— an indiscreet gouernour of Goulette for Porto Carrero could not endure that any man should thinke hee wanted councell or that he was not verie sufficient to defend Goulette taking it in ill part that Gabriel Serbelloni should presume to send him fiue ensignes of Italians to fortifie his garrison saying that he would not impart the honour of the gard and defence thereof to any but to his owne nation but it was not long before he changed his opinion for whenas he saw the fields couered with Moores and Alarabes which they of Alger and Caruan had sent about Tunis as fore runners to Sinan Bassas army which arriued soone after he then demanded men of Serbelloni importunately protesting that if he sent him not some he should be the cause of the losse of Goulette King Mahomet thought to haue sallied forth with nine hundred horse Skirmish among the Moores and foure thousand foote of his owne nation against these troupes of â—oores but he was suddenly abandoned by his trecherous and disloyall subiects so as with three score horse onely being supported by the regiment of 〈◊〉 and some Spanish horse he escaped Serbelloni being troubled with these accidents thought that it was no time now to regard the vanities of Porto Carrero but went himselfe to view the estate of the garrison of Goulette when hauing caused some faults in the â—ortification to be amended he returned to his fort where hee made them to labour with all diligence to put it in defence vnd the citie also but they gaue him no great respite for the Turkes army being landed and meaning at the first to assaile Goulette Sinan sent Aydar king of Caruan to besiege Tunis the which he did and battered it furiously with a great quantitie of ordnance so as Serbelloni resolued
desire of raigne the which we will hereafter relate in a more conuenient place The Estate of Miralmumin Hizen was wonderfully troubled in those times by many which desired either to raigne or to haue the greatest charges in the kingdome of Cordoua namely the dignitie of Alhabib among the which there was a Moore called Zuleima stronger than the rest by the support and fauour hee had from D. Sancho earle of Castille He tooke and shut vp Hizen after that he had raigned three and thirtie yeares foure monethes Zultima 11 king of the Moores at Cordoua in the 379 yeare of the Arabians and made himselfe king of Cordoua in the yeare of our redemption 989. He was an African or Barbarian and was much sauoured from beyond the seas In his raigne was the last rout giuen to the Cattelans and their earle forced and slaine as we haue said But he did not long enjoy this Estate of Cordoua for another nobleman of great power Mahumad the third the 12 king at Cordoua called Mahumad Mehedi or Almohadi of the linage of Aben Humeya rose vp against him and depriued him of his kingdome in Spaine in the yeare of our Lord 993 which he had maintained foure yeares with great toyle and difficultie In his time there raigned a Moore at Toledo Abdalla king of Toledo called Abdalla who was solicited in such sort by D. Alphonso king of Leon as they contracted together and did sweare a perpetuall offensiue and defensiue league betwixt them the which was so strongly confirmed as D. Alphonso gaue his sister D. Theresa a Christian in mariage to Abdalla an Infidell king and sent her to him to Toledo notwithstanding that she did contradict it all she could They say That this Moore being readie to consummate the mariage he was admonished by the Ladie that it was not lawfull to doe it seeing they were of two diuers religions and that for so prophane a contempt he might assure himselfe God would punish him grieuously if he resolued to proceed But notwithstanding all her allegations the Moore would not forbeare to accomplish his desire Mariage betwixt a Christian and an Infidell reproued of God but he was presently surprised with such a terrour and amazement as if death had approached Wherefore repenting himselfe he sent backe D. Theresa to Leon to the king her brother with great store of treasure and rich jewels for that he would not touch her This princesse liued long in Leon in the habit of a religious woman and in the end put her selfe into the monasterie of Saint Pelagius where she died and was interred In the meane time Mahumad the third or Mahumet of the race of Aben Humeia surnamed Almohadi setled himselfe in the realme of Cordoua and was Miralmumin of the Arabians in Spaine who shewed himselfe so cruell in the beginning against the inhabitants of Cordoua partisans to Zuleima his predecessor of the linage of Aben Alaueci that many of them fled out of the citie and liued in banishment By reason of this diuision many other noblemen Moores seised vpon places and prouinces in Spaine of the jurisdiction of the Miralmumins of Cordoua as Abdalla did who as we haue said had seised vpon the citie of Toledo restored the royall seat there where he was the fourth king since which time it continued a royaltie and returned no more vnder the soueraigntie of the kings of Cordoua In some Authors we find a tale of a Gentlewoman called Galiena Fable of Galiena daughter to Galafrey king of Toledo who by her beautie drew Charlemaine out of France to Toledo where he did fight with a knight called Bramante that would haue maried her and they say that Charles being victor he led faire Galiena into France But there is no great probabilitie that this happened to Charlemaine It may be that since there was a Galiena daughter to some Gouernour of Toledo called Galafrey famous for some like act For we find in the citie of Toledo a place called Galienas Palace where as now the Monasterie of S. Foy is and in like manner at Bourdeaux in Guienne Which shewes that some ladie of fame came out of Spaine into France but conducted by some other Charles than he that was king and Emperor surnamed the Great Zuleima being expelled by Mahumet fled from towne to town being accompanied by many Moors and Barbarians who conspired against him in fauour of a cousen of his called Maroan whom they would chuse for their captaine but being ready to kill him Zuleima being aduertised and prepared slue them which pretended to murther him As for his cousen Maroan he saued his life but he kept him in a strait prison Being enuironed with so many miseseries chased from Cordoua a vagabond and not safe among his owne followers he had recourse vnto D. Sancho earle of Castille crauing succours from him to recouer his Estates Wherewith the earle was verie well pleased and led a great power of Christians into the Moores countrey and with him D. Raymond earle of Barcelone as some write Mahumet did also make great leuies of souldiers whereof the Alhabib or Generall was Albaharin Almaharin who did reside at Medina Zelim or Coli and had commaundement to come and joyne with the armie with all the forces he could make Their forces being joyned of either side Cruell warres betwixt the Moores there was a fierce and bloudie battell betwixt Zuleima and Mahumet whereas Zuleima who had the forces of Castille with him was victor haning slaine fiue and thirtie thousand of his enemies vpon the place and pursuing his victorie he chased Mahumet and those which remained as farre as Cordoua And whilest that Zuleimaes men and the Christians were busie at the spoyle of the suburbs the Alhabib Albaharin abandoned his king and tooke his way to Medina Celi with those that would follow him It was then a great fort and rampat of the Moores Estate against Castille Arragon and Nauarre Mahumet seeing himselfe defeated and abandonâ—d was so saint-hearted as he shut himselfe vp into the fort of Cordoua resoluing to deliuer king Hizen who was a prisoner there chusing rather to see Hizen raigne than Zuleima The people of Cordoua hearing speake of their true king Hizen made so great an exclamation of joy as Mahumet thinking himselfe lost and fearing to die fled and hid himselfe in a Moors house who was borne at Toledo and verie confident vnto him Anno 994. with whom that night he fled to Toledo Wherefore Zuleima entred into Cordoua and raigned againe 〈◊〉 of the Princes Electors in Germanie Mahumet hauing beene king but one yeare which was in the yeare of Christ 994 and of the Moores 377. A memorable date for that this yeare the seuen Princes Electors in Germanie were instituted at the instance of the Emperour Othon and Pope Gregorie the fift King Zuleima being reestablished in Cordoua he sent backe D. Sancho earle of Castille and his men well satisfied
the citie of a contrarie humor to Almondir but the Moores of Cordoua not thinking themselues secure he being so neere them and being resolued not to endure any more kings of the linage of Aben Humeya they besieged him in this house tooke him and imprisoned him in Cordoua from whence he escaped and fled to Sarragosse where he liued in a priuate estate Then a Moore of great power called Ioar of Algazur seeing the citie without a king Ioar 19 king at Cordoua embracing this occasion with the helpe of his friends which did affect him tooke vpon him the title and royall authoritie at Cordoua but on the other side one Hali Cacin or Aben Cacin Hali Cacin ruling at Seuile residing at Seuile a man of a great house and mightie seized vpon the towne of Seuile where he did remaine with the Moores of his faction and enjoyed the soueraigntie fifteene yeares yet taking no other title vpon him but as Iudge and Gouernour but he prepared the way for his successours to make it a royall seat Ioar raigned but two yeares and Mahumet his sonne succeeded him Mahumet the 20 and last king at Cordoua being the twentieth and last king of the Moores at Cordoua and in whom the majestie of the Miralmumins of Spaine which had beene great was extinct from the which grew so many pettie kings as there was scarce any good towne in Spaine but had a particular king which made strict alliances among themselues for the preseruation of their estates and maintained themselues vntill the comming of the Almorauides Moores which came out of Africke as we will shew This king Mahumet desiring rather to hold that little of the estate of Cordoua which remained than to seeke after that which was drawne away enjoyed it in peace thirteene yeares the which fell out according to the common opinion about the yeare 1027 and of the Arabians 415 So as the royall seat of the Miralmumins of Spaine accounting from Abderramen the first who did begin it had continued in the citie of Cordoua 269 yeares The Moores affaires in Spaine being in this confusion the Christians neglected this fit opportunitie to recouer all Spaine and to root out the sect of Mahumet but they had their infirmities in like manner D. Sancho king of Nauarre made some attempts but as it seemes ill pursued being not mentioned in the Histories D. Alphonso king of Leon Leon. made an enterprise against them that gouerned in Lusitania and beseeged the towne of Viseo but as he went inconsiderately about it to view the place being vnarmed hee was shot with an arrow from the towne whereof hee died soone after this was in the yeare 1006 An. 1006. as the Spanish Histories report But the letters and titles of Chapters and Couents say he liued vnto the yeare 1028. A little before his death he had receiued into his countrey the children of D. Bela of Nagera a knight who as we haue said had beene chased out of Castille by the Earle D. Fernand Gonsales which were D. Roderigo D. Diego and D. Inigo Bela who would neuer be reconciled vnto D. Sancho Earle of Castille their Lord wherefore hauing liued a wandring and vagabond life for a time among the Moores and elsewhere in the end they came into Leon whereas the king D. Alphonso receiued them honoured them and gaue them lands and reuenues in the quarter of Somocas This Prince was carefull to administer justice to his subjects D. Alphonso 5 king of Leon a louer of iustice and therefore did reuiew and restore the ancient lawes of the Gothes and did correct and moderat them with new decrees fit for the time and all by the aduise of the generall estates assembled at Ouiedo in the yeare 1003. He repaired the ruines of the Citie of Leon and there built a Church to Saint Iohn Baptist whither he caused the body of D. Bermond his father and many others to be brought and there interred In his time liued Athilan Bishop of Leon and Florian a great Preacher in Gallicia both held for Saints in Spaine They write that Florian meaning to trie if his Sermons were pleasing to God put burning coales into his mouth and had no harme As for D. Sancho fourth king of Nauarre Nauarre he was surnamed the Great chiefly for his great dominions D. Sancho Emperor of Spaine and for his great exploits both in peace and warre by reason whereof he intitled himselfe king of Spaine the which the Gothes with all their greatnesse and power durst not doe He married D. Nugna eldest daughter to D. Sancho Garcia Earle of Castille yet the Histories of Arragon call her otherwise say the king had a former wife which was D. Caya Ladie of Ayuar the which was rather a concubine than a lawfull wife of whom D. Ramir Genealogie of Nauarre first king of Arragon was borne By this Ladie D. Nugna he did inherit the Earledome of Castille and by her had D. Garcia king of Nauarre after him D. Fernand first king of Castille and D. Gonsalo king of Sobrarbre and Ribagorsa He was either in person or sent to all the warres betwixt the Christians and the Moores whose estate was much shaken in his time by reason of the diuisions of that mutinous nation and this king was more fortunate abroad than in his owne house The Histories which treat of his deedes say That being absent in some warre against the Moores his sonne D. Garcia demanded a goodly horse of his mother out of the kings stable the which he loued aboue all the rest and had straitly commanded his wife not to suffer any one to ride him yet shee desiring to please her eldest sonne graunted him but being afterwards dissuaded by a knight called Pedro de Sese or as some write Fernand of Ordognana master of the kings horse shee would haue auoided it considering the charge the king had giuen her whereat D. Garcia being too much incensed for a matter of no moment began to imagine that there was some dishonest familiaritie betwixt this Master of the Horse and his mother whither that he belieued it or did maliciously inuent it forgetting God and all filiall respect Notable treason of a sonne against his mother he resolued to accuse them of adulterie and hauing conferred this designe with his brother D. Fernand who was of a better disposition he would haue forced him to serue as a witnesse or assistant in this wickednesse the which he refused and did often dissuade D. Garcia from so vile an enterprise but it was in vaine In the end D. Fernands youth was vanquished by the importunitie or rather feare of his elder brother promising not to reueale the fraud and lye which he had discouered vnto him The king being returned to his castle of Nagera Queene of cpan of Adulterâ—e this peruerse sonne D. Garcia failed not to accuse his mother whereat the king was wonderfully amazed for that he had
ordinarie Iudges According to which booke of Iudges all the inhabitants of Toledo and that iurisdiction should be iudged in matters of crime expresly exempting the wiues and children of offenders not culpable from the pains and fines due for all offences namely for high treason or practises against the citty 2 That the inhabitants of Toledo might appeale from all other Iudges demand to be sent to the Iustice of Toledo declaring all decrees against it to be voide 3 That the Inhabitants of Toledo should not be apprehended not put in prison for murther vnlesse it were wilful if they put in caution or that the truth were apparent and whereas they could not giue caution they should not be put in any other prison then the Dalfada 4 All controuersies betwixt Christians and Iewes or Moores should be decided by the Christian lawes and before a Christian Iudge 5 Exemptions granted vnto Church-men seruing God of the tenth peny in all their inheritances 6 Exemption of all taxes granted to souldiers and to all such as had beene prisoners amongst the Moores 7 All inhabitants of Toledo as well Christians as Musarabes should equally enioy all royall grants 8 The widowes of soldiers deceased shold enioy the honors and priuiledges of their husbands and the children of their fathers yea the sons shold haue their arms horses 9 The laborers and trimmers of vines should pay vnto the king for all tribute and seruice the tenth peny or portion of their corne and wine and not bound to any other charges either in peace or war except it were to succor the city of Toledo beeing assailed by foes in which case they should be bound to assist it with all their meanes 10 The like exemptions were granted to the inhabitants of Toledo for all lands which they should hold in any other iurisdiction of the kings of Castile 11 Liberty granted to the inhabitants of the said citty to build milles vpon the riuer of Tajo against their lands and possessions and to sell them exchange them and otherwise dispose of them at their pleasures 12 No Iew nor Moore should haue commandement ouer Christians in the citty of Toledo 13 That the citty of Toledo might neuer be alienated from the Crowne nor giuen vpon any title whatsouer to man woman or child 14 No man that had not his ordinarie residence in the sayd citty might enioy any inheritance within the wals thereof which inhabitants might enter into their lands and possessions from whence they had beene chased by the Moores in such townes and places as should be recouered from them 15 The common treasure of the city should be employed especially in the building and reparations of the wals and the fortifications thereof These were the priuiledges granted by the king D. Alphonso the 6. to the city of Toledo the which were afterwards confirmed by D. Alphonso the 9. an 101 yeares after so as by meanes therof it was in a short time peopled with Christians which came thither from all parts of Spaine and other countries and the kings of Spaine haue bin alwaies very carefull to honor this city D. Alphonso leauing the city of Toledo in this estate in the gard of Cid Ruis Diaz Gotique charaâ—â—ers abolished in Spaine he went to Leon with the Archbish. D. Bernard where there was a councell called in the presence of Reguier the Popes Nuntio where among other things it was decreed that the Scribes and Notaries should no more vse the ancieÌ„t Gothique characters inuented as they say by Vlfilas their Bishop otherwise called Toledains but those letters which are now vsed in Castile were at that time not put in practise About that time died D. Theresa the kings sister wife to the Earle D. Garcia de Cabra Marriage of D. Alphonso the 6. king of Castile with a Moore and soone after Queene Beatrix the 2. wife of D. Alphonso beeing deceased he took to wife a Princesse Moore daughter to Almuncamuz Aben-Amet â—â—ing of Seuile called Caida or Zaida the which was christened and called Mary He receiued for her dourie the townes of Cuença Huete Ocagna Vcles Mora Volera Consuegra Alarcos Caracuel and other places By her the king had one son named D. Sancho who died before the father and the mother liued not long after him This alliance caused great familiarity betwixt the king D. Alphonso Arabians the Mores both in Spaine and Affrick the which notwithstanding turned to the Moores ruine and especially of his father-in-law Almuncamuz Aben-Amet K. of Seuile for to do him a pleasure and to satisfie his ambition and desire to be soueraign Lord ouer all the Moores in Spaine King D. Alphonso who was in great credit with all the Princes and Potentates that were neighbours to Aben Tefin who was of the house and family of the Almorauâ—des to ayde and assist his father-in-law in this enterprise and to send him succours of Moores and Africans the which he obtained to the preiudice of them both as we shall heare But it is fit to vnderstand firsty what these Almorauides were Wherefore leauing a little the affaires of Spaine we will returne to that which we haue handled of the succession of Mahumet Mahumets sucacssion The which as we haue sayd being fallen to two of his daughters Fatima and Zeineb of Fatima descended the house and family of Aben Alaben and of Zeineb that of Aben Humeja These two races were in perpetuall dissention for the Soueraigntie of the Arabians both in Asia Affricke and Europe whereupon grew many alterations so as in the end the Arabians of Affricke being diuided from them of Asia the Crowne of Affrick continued in the race of Aben Albecy for the space of 310. yeres but as this nation was neuer faithfull within it selfe and could not subsiâ—t without tumult and treasons about the year 1068. there rose vp a noble family among them called the Almorauides or Lumptunas which descended not from Mahumet the which took the scepter from the race of Aben Alabecy and seazed vpon the soueraigntie and regall power ouer the Moores in Affricke 450. yeares after that Mahumet had made himselfe Lord and Emperour ouer that nation The first of this race which was chosen and declared king and great Miralmumin was Abu Texifen to whom Ioseph Aben Tefin aboue-named his sonne succeeded who forced the others to quit the Scepter and transferred it into his family where it continued 79. yeares the second yeare of his raigne Ambassadors came vnto him from king D. Alphonso for the cause aboue-mentioned so as within three yeares after Moores of Affricke drawne into Spaine by D. Alphonso the 6. king of Castile and Leon. all the Moores of Spaine were vnited to them of Affricke as they had beene long before Ioseph Aben Texifien the Miralmumin considering that if he sent forces into Spaine it must needes increase the Moores estate and reputation he sent a Captaine of great esteeme called Ali Aben-Axa his Alguazil maior or
againe to field parting from Alcaçar de Sal and went and laied siege to Cezimbra the which he carried and in like manner Palmela hauing put the Moores of Badajos to rout in the mountaines of Cezimbra comming with great troupes of horse to succor these two places It is a remarkable thing in this Prince that although he were three score and fiue yeeres old yet he was continually in armes and himselfe in person enduring the trauels and discomodities of the warre as wel as the yongest The troubles of Castile and Leon procured his peace on that side where hee was to dispute his royal title and the acknowledgment of the lands held by him with D. Fernand king of Leon who giuing some time of breathing vnto the Castillans vpon whom he had made his profit although he could not get their kings person he retired into Leon leauing them of Lara and Castro to end their owne quarrels 3 The Estates of Castille and the Gouernors of places Castille amidest so great troubles which the King D. Fernand hee of Nauarre and the factions of the noblemen of the country had caused maintained themselues as well as they could whilest that the King D. Alphonso was bred vp at Auila The Order of the knights of Calatraua which had his beginning in the time of the King D. Sancho the Desired Confirmation of the order of Calatraua was now confirmed by Pope Alexander the third by his Breefe in the yeere 1164. directed vnto D. Garcia first Maister of the knights of that Order It appeeres by the Spanish Histories that at that time there were Abbots at Calatraua and that D. Raymond liued yet in whose place there succeeded Priors by grant from the Chapter generall of the Order of Cisteaux We finde also that at that time the house of Aualos which hath beene famous since in Castille was then great in Nauarre from whence it is descended and mention is made of many great personages of that family of D. Ximen d' Aualox Iean Mertines and Sancho Martines d' Aualos brethren and of Garcia Nunes d' Aualos The family of Aualos whereof D. Ximen in the yeere 1162. gaue vnto the Monastery of Saint Emibian certaine rights which he had in the church of Saint Felix a' Aualos the letters whereof are yet extant in that Monastery The King D. Alphonso beeing eleuen yeere old the Earles D. Manrique D. Aluaro and D. Nugno de Lara with other Noblemen which had the charge of him thought it now fit that he should goe and visit the townes of his realme and shew himselfe to his subiects who desired to see him wherefore they drew him out of Auila with good troupes of horse besides an hundred and fifty horse which they of Auila gaue him for his gard Some places which D. Fernand King of Leon had seized on in Castille beganne already to reuolt but when as King D. Alphonso went his progresse euery towne where hee past obeyed him vntil hee came to Toledo whereas D. Fernand Ruis Castro was Gouernor since the raigne of the King D. Sanche and ment to keepe it vntill the King D. Alphonso was fifteene yeeres old as it was decreed by the fathers will but the Earle D. Manrique de Lara was not of that minde for hauing some secret intelligence with a knight of Toledo called D. Estienne Illian who had built the parish church and the high tower of Saint Romains and was in some bad termes with D. Fernand Ruis hee had by his prctises meanes to stirre vp the people to a mutiny hauing caused the King to approach to Saint Romains tower in a disguised habit where he hung out his armes and collours so as D. Fernand fearing his owne weaknesse abandoned the castle and fortefied himselfe in Huete By this meanes the city of Toledo was deliuered vnto the Earle Manrique in the Kings name by this knight D. Estienne Illian whose picture armed on horse-backe for this goodly act is to bee seene in the body of the great church of Toledo and not for any prowesse that is knowne to the ignorant people In recompence whereof they gaue him the gouernment of this Citie From thence D. Manrique led the King to Huete against D. Fernand Ruis who beeing faithfully and couragiously assisted by the Inhabitants of Huete sallied forth against the Earle D. Manrique where there was a cruell battaile before the fight D. Fernand had giuen his armes and deuice vnto a Squire of his setting him in the most remarkable place of the battaile to the end they should take him for his master for hee knew they had vowed and conspired his death at what price soeuer so as comming to fight the Earle D. Manrique followed by his choise men picked out this Squire whom hee slue with his owne hand but an other of D. Fernands Squiers The Earle D. Manrique de Lara slaine before Huete reuenging his Campanions death gaue the Earle a deadly wound and slue him vpon the place so as D. Manriques army hauing lost their Generall was put to route and defeated D. Nugno de Lara for his brothers death did afterwards accuse D. Fernand of treason saying that hee had caused his brother to bee trecherously slaine but it was ended by the Prelats by reason of the great spoiles they endured but the hatred continued still betwixt these two families many forts came afterwards into the power of the yong King D. Alphonso without any resistance The towne of Surita which was held by Lope d' Arenas would not yeeld obiecting the testament of the young King D. Sancho yet notwithstanding they would haue the place and hauing inuested it they beganne to batter it D. Lope Diaz de Haro Lord of Biscay was at this siege well accompanied although hee had not beene called the Earle D. Nugno de Lara and hee beeing at some iarre The taking of this place seeming euery day more difficult D. Nugno and the Earle D. Suero entred into the towne vpon assurance giuen by oth to parle with Lope d' Arenas the Gouernor but they were detained prisoners Lope was soone after punished for this fraude God shewing that there is not any thing which displeases him more then false-hood and treachery and in truth there is no brute beast more detestable then that man which seekes to circumuent by promises and othes There was in King D. Alphonsos campe one which had serued or beene bred vp in Lope d' Arenas house who presented himselfe vnto the King offring to deliuer him the place if hee would giue him meanes to liue and that there were any one which would bee content hee should wound him that hee might haue some collour to flie vnto the enemy The King promised to recompence him well but as for the hurting of any one there was some difficulty yet there was one Pedro Diaz or Pedro Ruis as others call him of Toledo offred himselfe to receiue the blow This varlet whose name was Dominâ—gullo drew
vppon reports or some other vaine imagination that the king of the Moores would stay him as he parted by night in great hast and returned to Seuile The Miralmumin beeing much discontented at this iealousie sent vnto him to excuse himselfe and to assure him that he neuer had any such thought intreating him to send him his troupes the which he would entertaine and so enter into the countrie of Granado against king Mahomad his enemy hauing conspired with Don Sancho his sonne whereunto D. Alphonso yeelded and sent him a thousand horse who presently receiued pay but growing suddenly into a iealousie that they would leade them into Affricke they abandoned the Miralmumin and sent him the remainder of his money The King of Maroc seeing these proceedings grew discontented and returned into Affricke yet nothing estranged in his affection to pleasure D. Alphonso D. Fernand Perez Ponce of Leon Commander of these thousand horse durst not returne to king D. Alphonso hauing no lawfull excuse to haue abandoned king Iacob Aben Ioseph but whilest he intertained himselfe about Cordoua there was an oportunitie offered which did deface this blemish It was strange that these thousand horse did charge ten thousand which sallyed out of the citty the which were assembled from all the parts of Spaine for Don Sancho and defeated them Wherefore returning to Seuile they were well receiued D. Sancho who was then absent from Cordoua was much discontented at this route and did so sharpely rebuke his men for their rashnesse daring to present themselues against his fathers Standard royall Hypocrisie of the Infant D. Sancho the which he did euer greatly reuerence Thus Don Sancho did honour the Images and royall ensignes but not the king his father who being much incensed with the continuall vexation of his sonnes rebellion who had vsurped his Realmes hee pronounced in the presence of many men of marke both Clergie and Secular in the Cittie of Seuile about the end of that yeare 1282. An. 1282. the curse of God and his vppon D. Sancho a sonne sayd he disobedient rebellious and a parricide declaring him incapable and vnworthy to raigne Curse of the father vpon D. Sancho depriuing him of his succession and inheritance and discharging the subiects as much as in him lay from all oath and homage which they had done vnto him This act was done with great solemnitie and maiestie but they were but words which D. Sancho did not much esteeme who at the same time returned to Cordoua and conferred with the king of Granado at Priego to whome hee restored Arenas and renewed their League In the yeare 1283. 1283. D. Sancho beeing come to Carcetes to Pont d'Alcantara and to Ledesma he forced the Infant D. Pedro his brother to hold his party who notwithstanding had a great desire to follow his fathers who intended to giue him the countrie of Murcia with the title of a king He did the like to the Infant D. Iohn who aspired to haue the kingdome of Leon for himselfe all which was forced Many knights which followed these Princes and which were well affected to king D. Alphonso escaped and passing thorough Portugal came to Seuile The towne of Agreda reuolted and followed the kings partie and Infant D. Sancho beeing come against it he had newes that Martin d'Aybar Gouernor of Treuigno was also reuolted and had receiued Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara with a great bootie which he had taken in the territories of Burgos into Treuigno from whence he made roads and did annoy his people D. Sancho sent D. Lope Diaz de Haro against them who made them to keepe within their fort Thus was the warre mannaged betwixt the father and the sonne in Castile and other places depending 25 During the which D. Pedro king of Arragon Nauarre had giuen libertie to his soldiers vppon the fronter who were daily in skirmish against the Nauarrois especially they of Sos and Filera against the Inhabitants of Sanguessa and they were so incensed one against another as they could not be pacified yet the diligence of Eustache Bellemarche Gouernor of Nauarre made them to lay aside armes and to conclude a truce for a time Bellemarche returned into France and in his place a Knight called Guerin of Amplepuis gouerned the Realme of Nauarre Philip the third King of France beeing Protector of this Realme for his Neece Queene Iane had also occasion to thinke of the affaires of Spaine for that the children of D. Fernand de la Cerde borne of his sister D. Blanche had not only beene deiected by the King D. Alphonso from the right of succession to the Crowne of Castile which did belong vnto them as children to the eldest sonne but also these two young Princes D. Alphonso and D. Fernand de la Cerde were kept prisoners in the castell of Xatiua by the king of Arragon and moreouer beeing aduertised that besides the Arragonois attempts in former times their king had made a new accord at Campillo with D. Sancho of Castile Practises of the Castillans and Arragonois against Nauar. where among other things it was concluded that they should inuade the Realme of Nauarre at their common charges and diuide the conquest equally Moreouer that at another enterview betwixt D. Sancho of Castile and D. Pedro of Arragon the Infant had resigned vnto D. Pedro all the right he pretended to Nauarre promising neuer to make warre there without his liking to the end he might bee the more freely assisted with the forces of Arragon to dispossesse his father King Philip was wise and of power to preuent all these practises all which he made frustrate in regard of Nauarre Yet he did in vaine sollicite the kings of Castile and Arragon for the deliuerance of his Nephewes who were at Xatiua He sent good troupes of horsemen into Nauarre for the guard of the countrie and to be readie vpon all occasions The factions betwixt the Nobilitie of Castile some holding the partie of King Don Alphonso others that of Don Sancho his sonne fell out happily for the French and Nauarrois in many things for Nauarre serued for a retreat to all those that were in disgrace with Don Sancho Many of the chiefe of Castile and other places depending came and ioyned with the troupes of France and Nauarre and making roades into Castile did alwaies keepe the Realme of Nauarre in reputation and made the forces to be redoubted the which changed many Gouernors in a short time for after Eustache Bellemarche and Guerin of Amplepuis William of Broede was sent thither and then Iohn of Conflans L. of Dompierre Marshall of Champagne in the yeare 1283. when as among other Noblemen of Castile there fled into Nauarre Don Nugno de Lara Don Pero Aluarez of the Asturies Don Ramir Diaz Don Fernand Ruis de Cabrera and Don Fernand Ruis de Saldaigne who ioyned with others which made themselues strong in the Countrie which were the Infant Don Iaime of
to the History of Arragon the which we haue left at the new conquest of Sardinia Arragon in the which soone after the departure of the Infant D. Alphonso they fel to rebellion beginning in the towne of Sassari the which is one of the greatest of the Island Sardinia rebels against the Arragonois by the faction of them of the house and family of Oria great and mighty Lords especially in that towne whereof the chiefe were Francesquin Mastin Branca and Vinciguerra all of the family of Oria. These with their partisans hauing sought many meanes to expell the garrison of Arragonois which was at Sassari in the end they rebelled openly and by their example and vpon the first oportunity the Pisans holding the city and castle of Caglieri seemed to haue a desire to doe the like whereof the King of Arragon beeing aduertisied he neglected all other deseignes and thought of the preseruation of this Island which hee had subdued with great charge and losse and for the which and for that of Corsica hee was bound to pay vnto the Pope and to the Sea of Rome an excessiue tribut of two thousand markes siluer and to entertaine a certaine number of souldiers for the defence of the church The decease of D. Sancho King of Majorça without children had made him desirous to ioyne the Islands and the Siegneuries which he had enioyed vpon the firme land to his crowne of Arragon wherefore he had sent the Infant D. Alphonso into the counties of Rossillon and Cerdagne with forces to seize thereon but he was so careful of the affaires of Sardinia as he did easily incline to the request which D. Philip brother to the deceased King of Majorca made in fauour of his Nephew D. Iames sonne to the Infant D. Fernand their brother who as wee haue sayd died Prince of Morea wherefore the realme of Majorca D. Iames King of Majorca second of that name and the succession of the King D. Sancho was left vnto this D. Iames being yet very young except the right of Soueraignty Being now forced to send an army into Sardinia to his great charge the Pope was intreated by the Infant D. Pedro who was sent Ambassador expresly to that end by the king his father being at Auignon to abate this tribute to fiue hundred markes and to exempt him from the moity of the souldiars pay wherevnto he was liable by reason of the same contract and for the sayd Islands for the defence of the territories of the church The Infant D. Pedro was courteously receiued by the Pope and fauourably heard in the consistory where he obtained abatement of halfe the tribute and of the souldiers pay for tenne yeeres and moreouer to receiue the tithes for two yeeres In the meane time the King D. Iames armed twelue gallies in Cattelogne and sent thē before to Sardinia vnder the charge of Bernard Cespuiade to assist the Arragonois and others that held for him in the Island Barnabo who had beene faithfull to the King of Arragon was now dead whose children Cassan Galeor Geoffroy and Brancaleon shewed themselues enemies vnto him and so in like manner did Federic Azon and Iohn Malespina Marquises who were rich and of great power in Sardinia Notwithstanding that their vncles Christian Spinola entertained the friendship of the King D. Iames and was acceptable vnto him These men by general conspiracy had taken armes in fauour of an army which the Pisan and the Gibiline faction of Genoa did raise to send into Sardinia the which was newly increased by two and twenty Genoua gallies which had beene first entertained by Frederic King of Sicile making warre against Robert King of Naples of the which Gaspar d' Oria was General who afterwards leauing the party of the Arragonois and Sicilians and carrying away the King D. Frederickes money hee ioyned with the Pisans who made him Admiral of all the fleet Then beganne there cruel warres betwixt the Cattelans and Geneuois whom Francisco Carroso Generall of the Gallies of Arragon and a sworne enemy to that nation did punish seuerly when as he tooke any one of their Pirats Hauing imbarked certaine troupes of old souldiars Arragonois and Cattelans he came and presented himselfe before the port of Cailleri about the end of August in the yeere 1325. and held the city and fort as it were besieged This yeere the Estates were called at Sarragossa in Arragon where were present D. Pedro de Luna Estates of Arragon Archbishop of Sarragossa D. Sancho de Arragon the Kings brother Don Iames of Arragon of Xerica D. Symon Cornel D. Pero Martines de Luna D. Blasco Maza de Verga D. Iohn Ximenes of Vrrea Don Symon de Fosses Don Raymond of Perault Don Martin Gil of Atrosil Don Gombald Tramasset Don William Entenza Don Michel Peres Gottorio Don Gil Garces of Atrosil don Michel Gurrea Don Blasco Maza de Celles Don Symon Peres de Punia Don Artorella of Ortis Don Garcia Peres pegna acuta D. Pedro Ruis de Sagra D. Ponce Ignes Entenza D. Lope Ximenes de Luna D. Pedro de Laino D. Michel Peres Zapata with other Noblemen and Knights that were present and the Deputies of D. Blasco de Alagon of D. Lopes de Luna of D. Alphonso Fernand of Ixar and others absent and the Deputies of the townes and commonalties hauing any place in the sayd Estates Right of representation There D. Pedro sonne to the Infant D. Alphonso was sworne presumptiue heire and successor to the crowne after the decease of the Grandfather and father the which was then decreed and practised for that Don Pedro Earle of Ribagorça and Ampurias did maintaine that if his brother D. Alphonso should die before their father the realme did belong to him by right of Proximity wherefore he refused then to sweare vnto his Nephew but hee did afterwards There the Articles of the generall priuiledges were confirmed the which had beene accorded and sworne by the deceased King Don Pedro and it was ordained for a law that no free man shuold be put to the racke and that confiscations should not bee allowed but in cases of coyning and high treason The young King of Majorca beeing vnder the Gouernment of his vncle D. Philip was there made sure to Don Constance of Arragon daughter to the Infant Don Alphonso hee beeing eleuen yeeres old and she fiue these were the chiefe actes of this assembly The Pisans army led by Gaspar d' Oria approaching neere vnto the Gulph of Cailleri where as Francisco Carroça laie with the army of Arragon Battaile at sea before Caillery there was a cruel and dangerous battaile for the looser for their rests were vp but the Arragonois were victors who by this memorable victory tooke a part of the towne of Cailleri called Stampace beeing assaulted at sea by Francisco Carroço and at Land by Raymond of Peralta Soone after there fell so dangerous a sedition betwixt the Land and Sea-forces of the Arragonois as
the realme of Portugal and of D. Beatrix of Castille sister to the King D. Fernand the fourth so as she was cousin Germaine to his future Spouse D. Alphonso the fourth of that name the seuenth King of Portugal 8 THis D. Alphonso of Portugall was surnamed the braue Portugal for that he was valiant and generous He was about fiue and thirty yeeres old when hee beganne to raigne and had beene made sure to D. Beatrix beeing but eight yeeres old and was married at the age of sixteene Genealogy of Portugal They had many children whereof Alphonso Dems and Iohn died young then they had D. Pedro who was King after his father Donna Maria of whose marriage with King D. Alphonso of Castille we haue begunne to speake and D. Leonora or Eluira who was wife to D. Pedro the Ceremonious King of Arragon This King D. Alphonso had beene very turbulent in his fathers life time maintayning certaine rebels against him yet beeing come vnto the crowne hee became vertuous and a great fauorer of Iustice making many good lawes and gouerning his realme wisely yet hee had great quarrels with D. Alphonso Sanches his bastard brother to the great oppression of his subiects for Don Alphonso Sanches was a braue knight and could well defend himselfe hauing the fauour of the Castillians and of the King of Arragon who sought many meanes to reconcile them but in vaine The subiect of their quarrels was onely iealousie conceiued in the heart of King D. Alphonso for that King Denis their father had loued this bastard exceedingly But in the end the King was Maister neuer ceasing vntill he had chased him into Castile after which he confiscated his goods and proceeded against him by course of Iustice. 9 During the treaty of marriage betwixt D. Maria of Portugal and D. Alphonso King of Castille Castille D. Iohn Manuel with the helpe of the Arragonois and Granadins beganne to ouerrunne the territories of Castille from Almança vnto Pegnafiel running burning and spoyling all they incountred Then did the King make his well beloued fauorite and councellor D. Aluar Nugnes Osorio Earle of Transtamara Lemos and Sarria Dukes Marquises and Earles and hereditary in Spaine and Lord of Riuiere and Cabrera for in those daies there was no Earledome hereditary in Castille nor Leon and hereof Spaine doth yet retaine those markes of antiquity that the children of Noblemen carrying the titles of Dukes Marquises or Earles which were all personall and temporall dignities dare not take them after the decease of their fathers without a new permission from the King except some which haue that right by preuiledge Hee did this to oppose him to D. Iohn Manuel against whom hee sent D. Garcilaço de la Vega whilest that hee remained at Cordoua and prepared for his future marriage with the Infanta of Portugall Don Garcilaço comming to Soria was ill receiued for the Nobility hauing had a false aduertisment that hee was come thether to carrie many Knights prisoners Murther of Garcilaâ—o de la Vega. they murthered him in Saint Francis Church beeing at Masse with his people These were the fruites of the Infidelity which the King had vsed against Don Iohn the Blinde a Prince of his owne bloud by reason whereof euerie one grewe very iealous both of him and of his priuate seruants This murther did much displease the King and incensed him against Don Iohn Manuel more then before Hee came to Toledo where hauing assembled great forces hee went and beseeged Escalona D. Iohn Manuel on the other side laied siege to Huete but neither of them preuailed The marriage with the Infanta of Portugall was in the end concluded and moreouer D. Blanche daughter to the deceased D. Pedro of Castile the Kings vncle was accorded to the Infant D. Pedro of Portugal Pope Iohn beeing aduertised of the reuolt of Castile gaue charge to Don Pedro of Toledo Bishop of Carthagena newly made Cardinal to mediate a peace in the realme interposing his Apostolike authority but hee labored in vaâ—ne for hee found the King so incensed as hee would not heare of any composition with his subiects giuing the Cardinal probable reasons wherefore hee made his report vnto the Pope and discharge himselfe of his commission During these troubles D. Fernand Rodrigues of Bilbao Prior of Saint Iohn Reuolts in Castille a great friend to Don Iohn Manuel caused the cities of Toro and Zamora to rebell against the King saying that it was by reason hee had aduanced D. Aluaro Nugnes Osorio to the dignity of an Earle the towne of Vailledolit did the like whereas Ioseph of Ecciaâ— Iew Intendant generall of the imposts had like to haue beene slaine Herevpon the King left the seege of Escalona and came to Vailledolit where the inhabitants beeing animated by the Prior of Saint Iohn shut the gates against him yet beeing come to a parle with Don Iohn Martines de Leyua Iohn Veles of Gueuara Fernand Ladron of Rioja and Ruis Diaz his brother The King is forced to dismisse D. Aluaro his Mignon Pero Rodrigues of Villega and Garcilaço de la Vega sonne to him that had beene slaine at Soria these knights and others wrought so as the King dismist the Earle Don Aluar Nugnes and so was receiued into the towne and by the same meanes hee made a composition with Toro and Zamora from thence hee went to Ciudad Roderigo to celebrate his marriage Seeking for to retire out of Don Aluaro's hands the fortes which hee had giuen vnto him in charge hee could not recouer them all and moreouer Don Aluar beeing discontented with this disgrace hee presently went and ioyned with Don Iohn Manuell wherevpon the King was aduised to kill him And seeking a murtherer and a fit occasion hee found a man furnished with the quallities of a disloyall Courtiar this was Raymyr Flores de Guzman who notwithstanding that hee had beene a verie great friend to the Earle offered to dispatch him vpon the great promises which the King made him wherefore fayning to bee in disgrace with him hee went vnto the Earle by whom beeing well entertained lyuing and lying together hee had meanes and oportunity to kill him whilest that the King did celebrate his marriage in Alfayates and did capitulate with D. Alphonso King of Portugal who came in person to Font Grimald The Court beeing come neere to Medina del Campo the King was aduertised of the death of Count Aluar to iustifie the which hee caused his processe to bee made and condemned him himselfe sitting in the seat of Iustice at Tordehumos hee caused his body to be burned and his goods to bee confiscated as a traitor whereof Ramir Flores de Guzman had for his reward and the price of his friends bloud which he had shed the castle of Beluer and the towne of Cabreros These are commonly the fauours of the best beloued Courtiers which abuse the familiarity of their Kings or relie to much thereon King
his brother Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and their Vncle Don Pedro Earle of Ribagorça into Majorca and there to detayne them prisoners vntill that he were released from the oath of fidelitie and acknowledgement of Soueraigntie which hee and his Predecessors had made vnto the Kings of Arragon and in this discontent and feare he sent him away retayning notwithstanding his wife Donna Constance who was his sister and without any long delay the King Don Pedro sent Arnanld Erillo and William Bellera to ouer-runne the County of Rossillon and other lands belonging to the King of Majorca lying neere vnto Cattelogne and to seaze vppon the places of strength the Princes and Princesses of his bloud and his allyes employing themselues in vaine to pacifie them But such was his hatred and insatiable desire of greatnesse as hee proclaimed open warre against this poore king of Majorca weake in meanes and it may be in courage to make head against so mighty a king and so obstinate an enemie And at that time Don Pedro of Moncado was recalled with his Gallies from the Streights as wee haue sayd who hauing increased his army with many other vessels rigged out vppon the coasts of Cattelogne and Valence hee came to Palomera a hauen in the Iland of Majorca with an hundred and sixe sayles where hee landed many horse and foote the king beeing there in person who before his departure had coloured this enterprise with a pretext of Fellonie and Rebellion pronouncing a sentence against the King Don Iames Maiorca conqacâ—ed by the king of Arragon in an assembly of Noblemen and Princes at Barcelona and confiscating his goods In this army was Don Pedro of Arragon Earle of Ampurias and Ribagorça the kings Vncle holding the place of Seneshall and chiefe of Armes Don Pedro of Arragon Lord of Xerica newly reconciled Don Blasco of Alagon who carried the Standard royall Don Iohn Ximenes of Vrreé Don Philip of Castro D. Alphonso Roger of Loria brother to Don Pedro of Xerica Galuan and Raymond Angleçole Acart Murio Arnauld Erillo Gonçal Diaz of Arenos Iohn Pernandes of Luna Artal of Fosses Michel Perez Zapate lourdain Vrries Sancho Peres Pomar with other Noblemen and Captaines Against these forces the king of Majorca had leauied three hundred horse and fifteene thousand foote but he was betrayed and abandoned and forced to flie and quit the Iland so as the king Don Pedro seazed thereon without fighting and was receiued into the city of Majorca whereof Don Arnold Erillo was made Gouernour and Gillebert Centilla Captaine of the souldiers that were there left in garrison The Iland of Minorca made no greater resistance and that of Yuiça lesse Minorca was giuen in gouernment to Gillebert Ceruera and Yuiça to Martin Arbes These Ilands subdued the king returned to Barcelona from whence he presently marched in to the Countie of Rossillon with his whole army whither the Cardinall of Rhodez the Popes Legat came vnto him to aduise him to desist from armes who could get no other answer but that the king of Majorca should come and yeeld himselfe to his will During this warre there was borne at Ceruera Monster borne in Cattelogne staine by the parents and they punished in the territorie of Lerida in Cattelogne a monstrous child hauing two heads and foure legges whose father and mother seeking to conceale it buried it aliue but beeing discouered in this attempt they were punished as murtherers of their child There were great tumults and seditions at that time in Arragon betwixt many Noblemen contending by armes for their possessions so as the king commanded that D. Athon of Fosses should be apprehended and punished to terrifie others he also caused his reuenues and lands to be seazed on from the which he did appeale vnto the Magistrate of the Iustice of Arragon which was then in the hands of Garci Fernandes of Castro wherupon there grew great contention for the kings learned Councel pretended that the authority of the Iustice of Arragon did not extend out of the assembly of the Estates and that this Magistrate was there onely a Iudge of controuersies which did rise against the king being not lawfull for him out of the Estates to make himselfe Iudge of any controuersie against his royall Maiesty but in sutes of state and condition of persons or in causes whereas the king is called for a warrant or in complaints which the people may make against the kings Officers The king therefore commanded for that Garti Fernandes of Castro Iustice of Arragon was allyed to Athon of Fosses that Michel Perez Zapate Lieutenant generall of Arragon in the kings absence should put Athon in prison but finding himselfe too weake Submission of the king of Maiorca dispossest for that Athon was supported by many seditious persons and had the countenance of diuers great men his kinsmen and friends he had recourse vnto the Iurates of Sarragossa according to the custome of his ancestors enioyning them to fore-see that the Estate receiued no preiudice and that Iustice should not be forced The warre of Rossillon continued neither would the king D. Pedro yeeld for any intercession the Pope could make persisting still that the king Don Iames who was dispossest of Majorca should come and submit himselfe vnto him without any condition The towne of the yeelded vnto him In the end Arnold Bishop of Aux the Popes Nuncio did mediate that the King of Majorca should come and yeeld himselfe into the hands of the king D. Pedro and deliuer him his forts vpon assurance that they should not attempt any thing against his person nor put him in prison the which beeing granted D. Iames king of Majorca vpon the assurance of D. Pedro of Xerica came to Elne and casting himselfe at the king of Arragons feet he submitted himselfe to his clemencie beseeching him to haue regard vnto his ranke and dignity to suffer him to iustifie himselfe and that he would be pleased to sue ciuilly against him and howsoeuer at the least preserue vnto his Nephewes children to his brother D. Fernand their right vnto the realme of Majorca and other lands and cause the towne of Perpignan to be deliuered vnto him The king D. Pedro blinded with hatred and choller reiected all these requests after a strange and insolent manner and being entred into perpignan he caused a Decree to be published by the which he did confiscate the Iland of Majorca and all the lands of the king Don Iames Decree against the king Don Iames. vniting them inseparably to the Crowne of Arragon which decree he caused to be set vp at euery corner This poore Prince being thus intreated he left the county of Rossillon and retired himselfe to Berga a place assigned him for his aboad vntill that his aduersary should giue order for his entertainment The king D. Pedro after these seuere and vniust proceedings returned to Barcelona where he entred armed as triumphing for a victory gotten of some great
then wonderfully ouer-charged with idle souldiers which kept the fields and committed many spoyles and insolencies beeing gathered together in such great numbers French English Brittons Flemmings and of other nations intermingled as they were fearefull to Princes yea and to the Pope himselfe residing in Auignon so as they demanded but an occasion of some long voyage to conquer and subdue Countries or to be there defeated beeing impossible without great danger and disorder to be otherwise ridde of them Vppon these continuall complaints of the impieties and cruelties which Don Pedro King of Castile committed daily beeing alreadie pronounced by the Popes Legate and confirmed by him an vtter enemie to God and men and at the instance and poursute of the king of Arragon and of Henry Earle of Transtamara Bastard of Castile who as some write were come to this effect in person to Auignon the French King Pope Vrban and other Princes thought good to haue these people dealt withall whome they commonly called Malandrins to go and make warre in Spaine against Don Pedro surnamed the Cruell Malandrins and Bertrand of Guesclin a valiant and hardy Knight of Brittany who was then a prisoner of war for the factions of Montfort and Blois was chosen to lead them who for this cause was put to ransome and deliuered Bertrand wrought so as these companions were willing to follow him whereupon some of their Captaines came to Barcelona did capitulate receiued mony and promised to serue Don Henry wherof Bernard Bastard of Bearne sonne to Gaston Phebus Earle of Foix was one of the chiefe which D. Pedro King of Castile vnderstanding he retired his troupes and came to Burgos where he called a generall assembly whither came the Lord of Albret a knight of Gasconie well accompanied who assured him for a certaine number of ducats to draw away a good part of those soldiers which D. Henry and the king of Arragon had entertayned and wrought so as they shold abandon them and come to serue him but it grieued the king to spend his treasure which notwithstanding was very great wherfore reiecting the Lord of Albrets good counsell he sought other pouisions which serued him to smal purpose These men past into Spaine Malandrins passe into Spaine being esteemed to be 10000. horse and an infinite number of foot besides those souldiers which the Earle and the king of Arragon had to whome were ioyned many great personages both French and others among the which the French Historie names Iohn of Bourbon Earle of March cosin to the deceased queen Blanche of Castile Anthony Lord of Beauieu Arnold of Andreghen Marshall of France Begue of Villenes Eustace of Aubercourt Hugh Caurelee Gualter Huet Mathew of Gournay and Perducas of Albret who with many other famous men made this voyage Bertrand of Guesclin being chiefe leader of them all by reason of his valour and great experience The K. of Arragon with these succors did presently recouer all that the king of Castile had taken from him the Castillans hauing abandoned their garrisons The bodie of the army which D. Henry should lead was made at Sarragossa from whence they marched directly to Calaoâ—ra and entred without resistance in the month of March this yere 1366 D. Henry being receiued by D. Fernand bishop of that place and by D. Fernand Sanches of Tobar vpon condition they should be intreated as friends for the towne was not strong There he was sollicited by D. Alphonso of Arragon Earle of Denia and Ribagorça and by the Arragonois D Hâ—â—ry takes the title of K. of Castile to take vpon him the title of King of Castile and Leon which at the first he did refuse but being prest and importuned in the end he yeelded so as from that time he had more need of a bridle to restraine him then a spurre Being thus proclaimed king and hauing aduanced his royall Standard the Knights which were there present began to demand gifts recompences in the countrie which they had not yet conquered but were in good hope to whome hee gaue contentment with many promises Passing on they tryed Logrogno which place they found strong and well manned wherfore not to lose time they marched on and hauing seized vppon Nauarret and Birbiesca they came to Burgos whereas the king D. Pedro was who made all the hast hee could to dislodge The inhabitants seing him parting besought him not to abandon them offering him all the mony that was in the towne and their-persons with great fidelity but this king being terrified there was no meanes to stay him and in truth we seldome see valour and crueltie lodge together wherefore the inhabitants of Burgos protested to prouide for the safety preseruation of the citty the best they could so as he was forced to quit them of the oath and homage they ought him and presently tooke his way to Toledo where hauing left a good garrison he went to Seuile The inhabitants of Burgos seeing themselues abandoned by their Prince opened the gates to Don Henry whom in the capitulation they made they called Earle promising to title him king when he should be entred into the citty Don Henry parting from Birbiesca some eight leagues distant from Burgos hee made his entrie into the citty to the great contentment of many who hated the violent disposition of the king D. Pedro where he caused himselfe to be crowned king of Castile and Leon in the royall Monasterie of Huelgas this yeare 1366 and within fiue and twentie dayes after his coronation almost all the townes of Castile and Leon put themselues vnder his obedience and protection saying that according to the example and ancient custome of the Gods they might retire themselues from a tyrant king and chuse another without hauing any regard vnto the succession nor his family whom they should leaue Then began D. Henry to distribute townes castles offices and dignities vnto the Noblemen and Knights which had followed him He gaue to D. Alphonso Earle of Denia and Ribagorça the Marquisate of Villena the patrimonie of D. Ieanne Manuel his wife to Bertrand of Guesclin the Lordship of Molina D. Tello brother to the new king was maintained in the Segneurie of Biscay Bounty of D. Henry the new King the inheritance of his deceased wife D. Ieanne of Lara and moreouer he gaue him Aquilar del Campo and to his other brother D. Sancho all that which had belonged vnto D. Iohn Alphonso of Albuquerque adding thereunto the townes of Haro Briones Villorado Cerezo in Rioja and the towne of Ledesma To other knights hee gaue gifts and confirmed and augmented the auncient priuiledges of townes which yeelded willingly vnto him Thinking himself now to be in sure possession he caused his wife D. Ieanne his son D. Iohn and D. Leonora his daughter to come out of Arragon into Castile and hauing disposed of the affaires of Burgos of Castile the old and of Leon he went to Toledo where he found some opposition
yet in the end he was receiued and saluted as king and after the example of this stately citie many other towns of that Realme yeelded vnto him The King D. Pedro seeing himselfe abandoned put a great quantitie of money and other treasure into a gally and retired into Portugal but fearing his cousin D. Fernand Infant of that Realme who loued him not he past in great doubt vnto S. Iames in Gallicia where he caused D. Suero of Toledo Archb. of that place and D. Pedro Aluarez of Toledo Deane of the same church to be slaine and adding sacriledge to this murther he spoiled their houses and caried away their goods which was the chiefe cause why he slue them Being doubtfull what to do he resolued in the end to go by sea to Bayone in France wherefore parting from the Groine with 22. ships and one gally carrying with him his three daughters Beatrix Constance and Izabel hee came to S. Subastians in Guipuscoa where he had some thousands of double ducats and other riches the which he took with him Flight of the king D. Pedro out of Spaine and set sayle towards Bayonne A gally which followed him in which was Martin Ianes his Treasurer with much mony other precious things was stayed by the Inhabitants of Seuile which cittie beeing greatly affected vnto D. Henry put themselues vnder his obedience soone after the kings departure and the cittie of Cordoua did the like So hatefull was the king D. Pedro and so pleasing was the mild disposition of Don Henry as in a short time hee found himselfe King of a great and mightie Kingdome almost without striking stroake the people striuing who should bee first receiued Don Henry being at Seuile he confirmed the peace with the Kings of Portugall and Granado but he was deceiued in this prosperitie being too confident of his new subiects so as although he knew well that his enemy was retired to the English with great store of treasure and that he might well coniecture that he would draw succors from thence to trouble him in the possession of this Realme newly conquered yet he dismist his strangers well satisfied which were all his force and retayned onely Bertrand of Guesclin and Bernard bastard of Foix with some 1500. horse French and English The country of Gallicia opposed it selfe most against D. Henry that being pacified and subdued he assembled the Estates at Burgos the which besides that they did sweare fidelitie vnto his son D. Iohn as heire vnto the Crowne did grant vnto him the tenth peny of all the merchandize they should sell within the Realme and so much the more willingly when as they vnderstood that the king D. Pedro prepared to returne into Spaine with a great power of English D. Henry to gratifie the cittie of Burgos gaue vnto it in that assembly the towne of Miranda of Ebro the which did belong to the Church of Burgos it did also serue to recompence the towne of Birbiesca belonging to the citie which he had giuen to D. Pedro Fernandes of Velasco his great Chamberlaine To the Church of Burgos in recompence of Miranda he gaue a pension of sixtie thousand marauidis vppon the tenths due from the sea to bee employed in the ordinary distributions for the seruice which is done there day and night Don Dominicke was then Bishop of Burgos the eight and twentith Pastor in number who obtayned this Bishoppricke after a manner worthie to be related for the Chapter beeing diuided and at controuersie about the election of a new Bishoppe after the death of Don Fernand the third who had newly left and abandoned that seate and not able to agree and determine vppon two chiefe persons propounded in that assembly they concluded to referre the nomination to Dominick then Chanoine of that Church beeing held a man of a good and holy life This good Chanoine hauing accepted the nomination bethought himselfe of a meanes to displease neither party saying merily vnto them Bishop of Burgos chosen by himselfe that if it were their pleasures hee should name a Bishop hee was of opinion that himselfe should be the man the which he deliuered with so good a grace as the Chapter could not take it ill wherefore Dominick the Chanoine became presently Bishop hauing neuer before once dreamed to aspire to that dignitie and his election was soon after confirmed by the Pope This Bishop was a good seruant To D. Henry At that time D. Tello brother to Don Henry married a Gentle-woman which was called Donna Ieanne of Lara as his first wife who was Lady of Biscay by reason whereof many did beleeue it was the same that was daughter to Don Iohn Nugnes of Lara who they say had beene slain by the King Don Pedro and this perswasion continued among the people of Biscay some time being nourished by Don Tello Donna Ieanne Manuel wife to Don Henry was sent him into Castile by Don Pedro king of Arragon who would that Donna Leonora Infanta of Arragon future wife to Don Iohn the eldest sonne of D. Henry should accompanie her But before he dismissed them he caused Donna Ieanne Manuel who intitled her selfe Queene of Castile and Leon to sweare to do her best to cause Don Henry her husband to giue him the citties of Soria and Cuenca the townes of Molina and Medina Celi and the Realme of Murcia as they had agreed and hee had promised before this Conquest And moreouer he demanded rembursement of certaine summes of mony which hee had lent him whereunto Don Henry who had newes of the armie which was preparing by the English in fauour of Don Pedro his competitor made an honest answer for it was reasonable sayd he to attend the end of this great preparation which was made against him The King of Nauarre in this first warre had not shewed himselfe a fauourer to either of Nauarre these contending Princes but knowing that the King Don Pedro was retire to Bayone dispossessed of his Realme he came to see him and was there present at the accord and promises which past betwixt Edward Prince of Wales and him The Princes supping together held this order the King Don Pedro was on the right hand and next to him the Prince of Wales and on the other side was the king of Nauar alone who being returned into Nauar he was much sollicited by Don Henry to be of his partie but he was already ingaged by promise to Don Pedro king of Castile and to the Prince of Wales to giue them free passage through his countrie The k. of Arragon aduertised of all these things prest the French king by his ambassadors to make warre against the English and also against the king of Nauarre promising to ioyne for his part to diuert the storme which was comming vppon Don Henry the new king of Castile whom he ought to haue receiued into this league and in the meane time there was continuall war vppon the frontiers of Arragon and
much ballance their affaires by the succours he gaue by sea vnto the French hauing sent a good number of ships of warre vnder the command of Ambrose Becanegra a Genouois his Admirall who stopped the passage in such sort betwixt France and England as besides many small prizes which he had taken he defeated a fleet of English about that time and tooke sixe and thirty of their vessels neere vnto Rochel by which victorie Rochel came vnder the obedience of the French king Rochel yeelded to the French and the greatest part of the prey and prisoners were carried into Spaine among the which was the Earle of Pembrooke Generall of the army Besides which succours the king Don Henry being come from Burgos to Saint Ander he sent Don Ruy Diaz of Rojas into the Prouince of Guipuscoa to make ready a new army of 40. ships the which he sent soone after vnder the command of the same Ruy Diaz to the French K. who came to Rochel and hauing ioyned with a French Captaine called Iohn Calais who had about twenty Barkes all together came and set vpon another fleet of English whom they likewise put to rout and then Don Ruy Diaz returned a victor into Spaine so as the English had reason to seeke to diuide the king of Castile from him of France and to draw him vnto their partie Pope Gregorie the eleuenth presumed to interpose his authoritie in these Princes quarrels the which did not please them Hauing made an accord betwixt the Kings of Castile and Nauarre he would also reconcile the controuersies that were betwixt Castile and Arragon and to this end hee sent the Cardinall of Cominges into Spaine who prest the two Kings to send their Deputies to debate their cause before him Don Henry named for his part the bishop of Burgos and Don Aluar Garcia of Albornoz Lord Steward of his house the king of Arragon deputed the bishop of Lerida and Don Râ—â—mond Alamâ—n Ceruillon who agreed that thâ— Colledge of Cardinals should determine this controuersie But these Princes beeing better aduised that it was not fit their quarels should be decided by the Court of Rome they tooke a better course to agree betwixt themselues The towne of Tuy which had for many mâ—â—eths refused to obey D. Henry now submitted about this peace of Arragon But the warre was renewed betwixt Castile and Portugal by reason of many prizes taken in the port of Lisbone Portugal and at sea of ships and merchants of Biscay Guipuscoa and Asturia and also for that the King Don Fernand gaue a retreat vnto the banished men of Castile concerning matters of State and also that hee had contemned the marriage concluded betwixt him and Donna Leonora of Castile to marrie Donna Leonora Telles of Meneses Neece to the Earle of Barcelos a Lady of great beautie but much inferiour in qualitie to the Infanta Donna Leonora of Castile and Donna Leonora of Arragon whom he might haue had with great profit to his Realme and to himselfe honour Hee contemned these marriages Marriage vnlawful of the king of Poâ—tugal taking away his subiects wise which had beene very beneficiall to himselfe and to his Realme of Portugall to marrie this Ladie offending God and all good lawes for he tooke her violently from her husband Laurence Vasques of Acugna forcing him to flie into Castile where he past the remainder of his dayes in exile carrying commonly hornes of siluer on his hat to witnesse the lust and infamy of his Prince yet some to excuse this fact write that the king caused this marriage to be dissolued by the Popes authoritie as vnlawfull by reason of the neerenesse of consanguinitie of the which notwithstanding there was issued one sonne called Aluaro of Acugna The king was made sure vnto her in the presence of the Earle of Barcelos and a â—â—ster of hers called Don Mary who had mannaged this marriage and to whom the king had imparted his loues When this marriage was published in Lisbone the inhabitants incensed that the king had left so profitable and honorable a marriage Tumult at Lisbon for the kings mariage as that of Castile began to mutine and hauing taken Fernand Vasques of Acugna for their Captaine they sent 300. armed men about the kings pallace and gaue the king to vnderstand in the behalfe of the citty that hee should leaue this woman else they would take her and do vnto her as their Predecessors had done to the king D. Sancho Capello in the like case The king fearing the furie of this multitude answered them mildly that in what they did they were good subiects being iealous of his honour and thanked them for their good will but he let them vnderstand that D. Leonora Telles was not his married wife and intreated them to retire vntill the next day when he would talke to them more amply of that businesse in the Monasterie of S. Dominicke This blast being blowne ouer the king parted by night out of Lisbone and carried D. Leonora Telles with him into the countrie betwixt Duero and Minio and retiring towards Porto he lodged neere vnto it in the Monasterie of Leza where he married this Lady publikely not caring how his subiects tooke it He commanded that all men should acknowledge her and call her Queene and gaue her the townes of Almadra Sintra Torresuedras Atognia Ouiedos Alanguer Abrantes Villa viciosa and many other places All in the end yeelded to it without murmuring seing it was the kings pleasure and D. Leonora had the title of Queene giuen her by all men but by D. Denis the kings brother who would neuer kisse her hand saying That it was her duty to kisse his whereat the King D. Fernand was so incensed as if Don Denis had not retired presently by the meanes of those that were then present he had stab'd him with his dagger for this cause the Infant retired himselfe for euer after into Castile When as D. Leonora Telles saw her selfe installed Queene shee made a diligent search who had bin the chiefe motiues of the mutiny at Lisbon and vnderstanding that they were of the family of Vasques of Acugna she ceased not to pursue them with a deadly hatred vntill she had forced many of them to flie into Castile Of this marriage betwixt the king D. Fernand and D. Leonora Telles issued D. Beatrix Genealogie of Portugal who was married to D. Iohn the first King of Castile borne at Coimbra and afterwards a son and a daughter who died yong some Authors hold that they were borne in adulterie committed by the Queene with D. Iohn Fernandes of Andeiro a knight of Gallicia borne at Corunua Moreouer the king before this marriage had a daughter called D. Izabel The king D. Henry hauing these causes of discontent against the king of Portugall he gaue him to vnderstand by his ambassadors that he could not take it in good part that he had retired his rebellious subiects of which he demanded
some and moreouer that he should deliuer the ships and merchants of Asturia Biscay Guipuscoa with their goods which he had taken and stayed whereof the K. D. Fernand made no accompt wherefore the king of Castile prepared to armes Diego Lope Pacheco a knight of Portugal was then in Castile who was retired thither by reason of the death of D. Agnes of Castro flying the fury of the king D. Pedro and had bin so fauored by the king D. Henry as he had got great reuenues honors This Knight had left many friends in Portugal by whose means he was aduertised of all that was done in D. Fernands Court and as he was a most affectionat seruant to the king of Castile so he sought to draw vnto him all those that were valiant in Portugall and if any one were persecuted he perswaded him to come into Castile declaring vnto them the bountie of the king D. Henry He had had intelligence of all that had past touching the marriage of D. Leonora Telles and of the discontent betwixt the K. and his brother D. Denis and them of the house of Acugna and the city of Lisbon wherfore imbracing these occasions fit for the war which was like to grow betwixt these two kings Diego Lope Pacheco wrought so as he drew D. Denis to come and put himselfe vnder the protection of the king D. Henry entertayned by all means such Gentlemen as were ill affected to their King to be reuenged of the wrongs he had done them Matters beeing thus prepared and the ambassador being returned who had bin sent to summon the king D. Fernand to deliuer the banished men which he had in his Realm to make restitution of the prizes which had bin taken by him the king D. Henry entred into Portugal with an army VVar betwixt â—â—tile and â—â—â—ugal and hauing sent D. Alphonso his son to Coimbra a castle in Gallicia where the banished men had fortified themselues the place was taken The king on his side seized of Almorda Panel Cillonico and Linares and there Don Denis ioyned with him with other Noblemen of Portugal who were liberally intreated and much honoured Pope Gregorie the eleuenth residing in Auignon hearing of the trobles betwixt these two kings was carefull like a good pastor to send a Legat which was Cardinall Guy of Bologno with full authoritie to reconcile them But before that hee could draw the parties to any friendly composition the king Don Henry made a new entrie tooke Viseo and ranne vp the countrie as farre as S. Iren finding no resistance for Don Fernand was not so able to maintain a quarrell as he was ready to breed one wherfore keeping himselfe within Saint Iren the king Don Henry had the passage free and open to go vnto Lisbone where he spoyled and burnt the lower part of the towne Lisbon spoiled and burnt by the King of Castile as the new street and some other places for that he neither found walles nor any resistance the quarter called Sus held good being walled in and well manned for all the inhabitants were retired thither during the which the sea-armie of Castile entred into the mouth of the riuer which is large and spacious where they did not onely recouer the ships of Biscay and others which had beene taken but many vesselles of all sorts which were fit for seruice were carried away by the Castillans and the rest burnt In the meane time the Legate laboured what he could to end these miseries wherein he preuailed so much as hee reduced the two kings to a peace the which was concluded to the great aduantage of the king of Castile Peace betwixt Castile and Portugal after which the kings met neere vnto Saint Iren either of them in a barke vppon the riuer of Tayo where they finished their accord and capitulations among the which there was a marriage concluded betwixt Donna Beatrix sister to the king D. Fernand and Don Sancho Earle of Albuquerque brother to the king of Castile and of Donna Izabella base daughter to the king Don Fernand and Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon base sonne to the king Don Henry The mariage betwixt Don Sancho and Donna Beatrix was celebrated the places taken were restored the peace was proclaimed and the king of Castile returned into his countrie leading his daughter-in-law Donna Izabella with him being but eight yeares old who was afterwards married to the Earle of Gijon to his great griefe The quarrels betwixt Castile and Arragon Arragon being not well ended they were forced to come to a new compromise wherein the Duke of Anjou brother to the French king was a dealer but with so bad successe as he became enemie to the K. of Arragon At that time were celebrated the mariages of D. Iohn D. of Girone the heire of Arragon and Martha daughter to the Earle of Armaignac who had fifteene thousand pounds starling in dowrie and of Don Martin of Arragon the kings youngest sonne with Donna Mary daughter to Don Lopes Earle of Luna and Lord of Segorbe The same yeare 1372. Don Pedro king of Arragon finding too late how easie he had beene to beleeue false reports and repenting himselfe of the vnworthie death of Bernand of Cabrera hee restored his Grand-child Bernardin sonne to Bernardin of Cabrera to all his goods except the Earldome of Vic which he kept to himselfe The father of this young Nobleman dyed in Castile in the seruice of the king Don Henry notwithstanding that hee had sought his fathers death There were this yeare seene in Arragon horrible Earthquakes with the ruins of mountaines about Ribagorça where as many villages were ouerthrowne and great multitudes of people perished In Castile the king Don Henry was prest by Donna Maria of Lara Castile Countesse of Alençon to do her right tfor the Lordships of Biscay and Lara she had many sons which were all aduanced in France the first was Earle of Alençon Biscay belongs to the house of Alenson the second of Estampes the third of Perch and two of the Church The king Don Henry made answer that she should send him two of her sonnes to remaine in Spaine and that he would giue the Lordship of Biscay to the one and that of Lara to the other He presumed that she could not do it all her children being so well aduanced in France and for some other reasons Edward king of England and his sonne Iohn Duke of Lancaster who intitled himselfe King of Castile and Leon in the right of his wife Donna Constance daughter to the king Don Pedro the Cruel sent Ambassadors to the king of Arragon 1373. Pretensiâ—ns of Iohn Duke of Lancaster to Castile in the yeare 1373. to treat a League with him beeing resolued to send a great army into Castile to conquer that Realme wherof the Duke of Lancaster should be Generall as belonging to his wife offering great conditions to the king of Arragon if he would adhere
Constable for hauing beene propounded in the Councell of the deceased king D. Iohn to take the office of Constable from D. Alphonso of Arragon Marquis of Villena for certaine reasons being now in diuision with the Councell and not greatly beloued of the young King D. Henry D. Pedro of Castile Earle of Transtamara came to demand this office who had yearly for his dyet and entertaynment 70000. marauidis The Councell did let him vnderstand that the king at the beginning when the Estates assembled at Madrid to gratifie the Marquis D. Alphonso had confirmed him in the dignity and that there were no reason thus to degrade him without some apparent cause the which might be a means to increase the troubles which were but too great wherefore they were of opinion that he shold for that time forbeare and content himselfe with a pension equall to the Constables entertainment the which they promised him in the meane time but they sayd that they must proceede against the Marquis by the course of Iustice for the effecting wherof they would procure the king to cite him to come to Court and if hee did not obey they promised to giue him his Estate D. Pedro ws satisfied with this answer and D. Alphonso Ianes Fajardo Gouernor of Murcia was sent by the King vnto the Constable to cause him to come to court but hee excused himselfe from comming presently promising to be there soone after notwithstanding it was farre from his thought for he had intelligence with the Arch-bishop of Toledo and others of the league who drew men together from all parts to come to the Court in armes to the end they might haue the testament of the deceased king D. Iohn put in execution and chase away the Councell The Arch-bishop of S. Iames the Earle of Transtamara the Masters of S. Iames and Calatraua Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Lord Steward of the kings house others whereof some were named Tutors by the kings will and some not knowing that this was not the cause which drew the Arch-bishop of Toledo but onely a colour pretended by him and his confederates to retire from Court and to take armes they also prouided for their parts and called all their friends to ayde them they drew D. Leonora Queene of Nauar vnto their league binding themselues by oath one vnto another Queene of Nauar intangled in the troubles of Castile and they wrought so as the king Don Henry continued vnto the Queene his Aunt the pensions which the deceased King D. Iohn was wont to giue her with an increase By whose perswasion and others of the Councell he tooke the office of Constable from Don Alphonso of Arragon who had enioyed it nine yeares and gaue it to the Earle of Transtamara who was sonne to D. Frederic Master of Saint Iames and cousin to the king Hereuppon they fell to armes in Castile committing great spoyles robberies and murthers of all sides diuiding the Realmes Prouinces Citties and Townes especially Seuile whereas Don Aluar Perez of Guzman great Admiral of Castile and D. Pedro Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchena Gouernor generall of that cittie held the Concells part and Don Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla and others that of the Kings testament he Arch-bishop of Toledo with the Master of Alcantara were about Auila to whom they of the cittie of Burgos made many protestations offers and prayers in vaine for a peace the like they did to the Duke of Benauent and then they sent vnto the King who was come to Cuellar beseeching him to giue eare vnto a peace and to end the troubles by a conuocation of the Estates the which if he thought good to hold in their cittie they offered to deliuer all their children in hostage for their assurance that should come The King mooued with the loue and willingnesse of them of Burgos sent the Legate and others to the Arch-bishop and his confederates but they answered That when they shold be neere the place where the king ws they would declare their intentions more at large The Duke of Benauent and the Arch-bishop of Toledo were alreadie ioyned with their forces consisting of fifteene hundred men at armes and 3500. foote vnto whome the Queene of Nauarre came intreating them that before matters grew worse they should be satisfied with the resolution of the Estates and whilest that she laboured with the confederates the king went to Vailledolit whither came about sixteen hundred men at arms with some other forces The confederates little regarding the Queene of Nauarre came to lodge at Simancas where as she was more amazed then before and employed all her endeauors to make some accord In the end shee obtayned that there should bee a conference at Perales whereas at diuers times in the presence of the Queene and Legate the parties met and conferred Once among the rest the Arch-bishop beeing demanded by him of Saint Iames if he had any true intent that the deceased kings testament should take place he made him no answer for that the Duke of Benauent who was not named in it was present whom he feared to offend an infalliable argument that priuate respects did moue him more Archb. of Toledo respects not the publike good then any zeale of the publike good or the Kings seruice It was concluded in Perales that the Kings testament should be of force and that the tutors named therein should gouerne and to the end a peace might be the better entertayned and that all emulation and iealousie might cease there were added vnto them Don Frederic duke of Benauent Don Pedro Earle of Transtamara and the Master of Saint Iames and for the better strangthening of this accord the generall Estates were held at Burgos Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça Estates at Burgos for a peace Pero Lopes of Ayala Diego Lopes of Estuniga and Iohn Alphonso de la Cerde either of them giuing one of his sonnes in hostage for the assurance of such as should come to Court Thus the Estates were called at Burgos which citie was at great charges for that cause and for the kings seruice But before any proceeding the Councell pretending to bind Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon vnto them being prisoner in the hands of the Master of S. Iames they decreed his deliuerie and procured the king to restore vnto him all the lands which he had enioyed in the Asturia's D. Alphonso the kings vnkle deliuered out of prison There came vnto the assembly at Burgos the king with Queene Catherine his spouse the Infant Don Fernand and his future wife D. Leonora who lodged in the Castle whereof Diego Lopes of Estuniga was captaine The Estates beeign entred into conference there grew a new tumult for some of the Noblemen not satisfied with that which had beene concluded in Perales would haue D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon admitted to councell besides the aboue-named wherewith the Duke of Benauent his brother the Queene of Nauarre nor the Master of Saint
seruice The armie beeing mustred there were of the Prouinces of Guipuscoa Biscay Alaua Gallicia and the Asturia's thirty thousand foote foure thousand men at armes and eight hundred Genets or light horse King Fernand with this mighty armie marched along the riuer of Duero against the cittie of Toro where the King of Portugall with his betrothed bride did remayne by the way the Biscans and Guipuscoans did take by force a place called las Hazegnas de los Hierros and some of the Inhabitants thereof in regard of the rebellion were hanged The King of Portugall who was inferiour in forces would not come to field but kept himselfe within Toro Toro beseeged by King Fernand before which cittie king Fernand stood with his armie embatteled aboue fiue howers and at the last he sent Don Gomez Manrique to tell king Alphonso that he should do well to giue ouer the title of king of Castile and to returne into his owne kingdome and that if his future wife did lay any claime to the Realme of Castile that the same might be referred to the iudgement of the Sea of Rome or if he had rather to trie the matter by armes that then he should come foorth to fight or else to accept the single combate betwixt them two to saue that effusion of innocent bloud King Alphonso made answer to euery poynt with great modesty but to that of Duell or single fight hee required that Izabella and Donna Ioane who pretended each of them to be Queene of Castile should be kept as hostages to the end that hee which should prooue conqueror might enioy his prize to wit the kingdomes of Castile and Leon thereuppon were diuers messages and answers sent too and fro but to no purpose so as King Don Fernand hauing tarried certaine dayes about Toro his army beginning to want victuals and other necessaries hee was aduised to retire from thence notwithstanding that hee was assured that the Portugals were in the selfe same estate Howsoeuer the armie was brought backe to the great discontent of the souldiers who were extreamely sorrowfull that so great a force had beene so vnprofitably and idly employed and they did much murmure against the great Lords whome the king had much ado to qualifie and appease Beeing returned to Medina del Campo Queene Izabella came thither from Tordesillas then the king had great need of money by reason that his treasures were drawne drie hauing spent all that which King Henry had left in the Castle of Segobia whereof Andrew de Cabrera was keeper who was newly made Marquis of Moya in recompence of his good seruice Iewels and plate taken from the churches by the Kings of Castil the meanes to get money and least hurtfull to the people who were ouer-much spoiled and consumed was to take the Iewels and plate of the Church whereunto the Arch-bishoppes and Bishoppes did consent in regard of the Kings necessitie seeing it had beene aduised by good councell Whilest these things were doing the Earle of Parâ—des and other the Kings seruants did assayle Ciudad Real which the Master of Calatraua with other places had vsurped Moreouer the Earle beeing come to Vcles made such sharpe warre vppon the Marquis of Villena as hee hindred hoth of them from going to the ayde of the King of Portugall taking diuers commodious places belonging to the Marquisate of Villena thereby to frustrate the Marquis of the reuenues thereof which he receyued of the tenants with a better will then they payed it to the Marquis in regard they did extreamely hate the Portugals Hauing rebelled they did fauour the Earle in the taking of the Castle of Villena who was likewise ayded therein by the Arragonois Marquisate of Villena re-united to the Crowne and by that meanes the Marquisate was re-united to the Crowne with promise neuer more to alienate it The Captaine of Requegna deliuered vppe the fort to King Fernand which held for the Marquis beeing aduertized that the people were in armes readie to assaile it In these aduersities the Marquis alwaies shewed an incredible constancie and sayd that hee did not respect the losse of a little seeing that hee hoped to haue the command of Toledo Burgos Cordoua and Seuile and hee did place good Garrisons in those townes and fortresses which were left The Master of Calatraua the Earle of Vregna and the Duke of Areualo were almost in the like distresse for they were earnestly sollicited by the King of Portugall to accomplish what they had promised him the which they could not performe and they excused themselues in regard they were of necessitie to defend the townes and forts which had taken his part acquainting him with the toyle and trauaile which they did endure and vndergo in going about to make him the king of Castile The King of Portugall beeing in want and greatly troubled in his mind was at the same time sounded by letters from the Cardinall of Spayne vppon what conditions he would end that warre who made answer that if they would giue ouer to him Toro Zamora with the Kingdome of Gallicia Queene Izabellas magnanimity and readie money to pay his armie hee would then with draw his forces and pretend no more title But Queene Izabella hauing notice thereof sayd that shee would neuer suffer the Kingdome which was left by her predecessors to bee dismembred of one poore Towne or Village yet notwithstanding if peace might bee bought with money shee would consent that the King of Portugal should receiue such a summe as should be agreed vppon and thought fit by any reasonable and indifferent Iudges The Castle of Burgos was at the same time in the keeping of Don Iohn of Estuniga who held it for his Vncle the Duke of Areualo one of the King of Portugals faction who did great hurt to the townes-men and inhabitants assayling them on the sudden spoyling killing and taking all those prisoners whome hee could lay hands on D. Lewis of Acugna Bishoppe of the same Cittie committed the like disorders in the Countrey round about Wherefore the King and Queene sent thither to the avde of the oppressed Don Alphonso of Areillan Earle of Aguilar Don Pedro Manrique Don Sancho de Rojas and Don Stephano of Villacreces who were followed soone after by the King with great troupes of Biscains Guipuscoans Alauois Asturians and others There came vnto him also his bastard-brother Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa-hermosa by these forces the castle was much distressed and a Church neere to the same was taken which was called Saint Mary the white within the which the beseeged kept their munition wherein the king placed a companie of souldiers whose Captain was Don Iohn of Gamboa borne at Motrico in the Prouince of Guipuscoa the assaults continuing the beseeged sent to demaund ayde of the Duke of Areualo who wrote to the King of Portugall by Iohn de Sarmiento who was one of those who had beene driuen out of the Church of Saint Mary the White
the Lord of Albret did not intend to depart out of the countrie without leauing some worthie markes behind him and perceyuing his owne armie to be mighty and that the King and Queene of Castile by reason of their warres with the King of Portugall The French do wast Guipuscoa and their owne subiects could not readily send an armie against him hee therefore determined to forrage and spoyle the countrey with fire and sword then hee entred into the valley of Ojarçun two leagues from Fontarabie where hee burned the parish Church with fiftie men who had with-drawne themselues into the steeple they likewise burned and destroyed diuers houses in the same valley and notwithstanding that the Earle of Salinas endeauoured to defend the towne of Renterie yet the French-men tooke and burned it and slue fifteene men there taking the Lord of Lescan his son and Martin Peres of Alcega prisoners The Earle of Salinas beeing not strong enough to hinder those ruines and spoyles and hauing regard to his owne safetie and beeing to looke to many other places retired himselfe in safetie to Saint Sebastians Fontaraby beseeged The French-men returned the second time to the seege of Fontarabie where they beganne a sharpe batterie In the same cittie remayned at that time Don Iohn of Gamboa with a thousand souldiers who was a valiant man and borne in the Cittie of Motrico in the same Prouince vppon whome King Iohn of Arragon had bestowed many fauours in recompence of his many yeares faithfull seruice and had also ennobled him in Arragon and made him of his priuie Councell permitting him to beare in a quarter of his owne shield of Armes those of the kingdomes of Arragon and Sicill for a noate or marke of his valour and prowesse and besides that had married him to Donna Leonora of Castro giuing him meanes to maintaine his estate honorably whereunto his sonne King Fernand and Queene Izabella haue added more honours making him of their priuie Councell and great Master of their horse The beseegers as well as they that were beseeged did not spare the Cannon which wrought no other effect but the death of some sixtie persons in the towne and a Captaine named Fortunato Sarauz The seege of Fontaraby raysed and the number of the assaylants which were slayne with the Artillerie was vncertaine and this second seege lasted little longer then the former for the succours by sea which came to the towne from Saint Sebastians beeing discouered the French-men raysed their seege and hauing no hope at all to take it they had begunne to make a great trench round about the Cittie which came to none effect In Castile King Fernand beseeged the Castle of Zamora as hath beene before-mentioned and not beeing able either by prayers promises or threatnings to bring the beseeged to yeeld he commannded certaine peeces of batterie to bee brought to enforce them thereunto Whereof the King of Portugall hauing notice and knowing that King Fernand had not forces sufficient to maintaine the seege of Zamora and to defend and guard his Artillerie if it were assayled hee foorth-with made an enterprise vppon it hoping by that meanes either to take his peeces of batterie by force of armes or else if the king his aduersarie should come to defend them that then the beseeged should haue some time to ease and refresh themselues Beeing come foorth to Toro with all his forces for the same intent hee had intelligence that the Artillerie was safely arriued at the Campe Beeing disappoynted of his purpose he shewed himselfe in order of battaile readie to fight and hee sent to defie king Fernand who if hee should refuse the fight was aduised by him to returne into Arragon with his wife The Castillian knights and men at Armes which were in the king Don Fernands armie were exeeding glad of this challenge desiring nothing more than to come to blowes the King likewise was of the same opinion but the Earle of Alua de Lista was of another mind and perswaded the contrarie with diuers forcible reasons Whereuppon answer was made to the King of Portugall that if hee had a desire to fight hee might come and rayse the seege before the castle of Zamora which the King meant not to giue ouer till hee had taken it and chastised the Rebelles With this answer the King of Portugall returned to Toro where hee expected the succour which his sonne Prince Iohn was bringing to him In the meane time The Portugals defeated Don Aluaro of Mendoza hauing met with the Earle of Pennamaçot both of them leading certaine bands of souldiers did charge one another in such sort as the Portugals were defeated and put to flight with great effusion of their bloud the Earle beeing taken prisoner Not long after the Cardinall of Spaine came to king Fernands campe bringing with him great supplies from the Queene his wife to the end he might be able to giue the King of Portugall battaile without discontinuing his seege at the Castle of Zamora as also to animate and encourage the Kings souldiers who had heard the challenge There came likewise from Gallicia the troupes of horse and foote which the Earle of Lemos and Don Pero Aluares Osorio Lord of Cabtera did send to the King and Queene with those of the Earle of Montroy all of them beeing brauely armed and choice souldiers King Fernands armie beeing strengthened by this supply hee left sufficient forces before the Castle of Zamora and marched towards Toro where staying within halfe a mile of the Cittie in order readie to fight hee sent to the King of Portugall who lay in the Towne to present him battaile offering him the like brauado which not long before he had receyued from him at Zamora but his expected forces out of Portugall being not yet arriued hee refused it and there was nothing performed but a few light skirmishes so as King Fernand brought backe his armie to Zamora Not long after the Prince Don Iohn arriued at Toro bringing with him twenty thousand fighting men to the exceeding great ioy of the king his father who did hide from him the Duke of Areualo's reuolt and did write to the Duke and aduertised him of the mighty ayde which the Prince his sonne had brought him exhorting him to come in person to the campe and to bring his forces with him The King of Portugal forsaken or else to send them thither with all speede The Duke made him a free and plaine answer what hee meant to doe and complayned of sundrie of the kings negligences by meanes whereof hee had lost the castle of Burgos and let slippe diuers fitt occasions King Alphonso did in like manner sollicite the Marquis of Villena and others who excused themselues in regard they were to resist their owne and his enemies so as there remayned no more Lords of Spayne in his army but the Archbishop of Toledo onely These Portugall forces beeing ioyned together made vp the masse of a great armie
Queene of Castile and Arragon Anne Queene of France and Anne Queene of Bohemia and Hungary Francis Phoebus the foure and thirtith King of Nauarre LEt vs now go forward with our Historie after Queene Leonora's decease her sonnes sonne Francis Phoebus of the age of twelue yeares succeeded by right to the Crowne of Nauarre Seditions awaked by those of Beaumont and Grammont in Nauarre the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty nine beeing brought vp in his Earledome of Foix and Lordship of Bearne vnder the gouernement of Donna Magdaleine of France his mother and the Cardinall his Vncle but three yeares were expired before hee durst passe into his Kingdome by reason of the seditions which suddenly after the Queene Leonora's decease were renewed betwixt the Beaumontois the Earle of Lerin beeing their head who held the Cittie of Pampelona and those of Grammont who followed Pedro of Peralta the Constable and Philip of Nauarre the Marshall who had for their forts the places of Estella Sanguessa Olita and a great part of the cittie of Tudela The young Kings mother made a iourney thither as appeareth by letters graunted by her this same yeare dated at Pampelona where shee laboured though in vaine to settle peace and quietnesse in the Countrey diuers Prelates and great Lords of Castile and Arragon did in like manner but to none effect go about to appease these obstinate seditious persons who were hardened in their wickednesse The Faction of Grammont was much discontented to see the Earle of Lerin married to a Ladie of the bloud royal sister to King Fernand of Castile and for that hee was possessed of the cittie of Pampelona the chiefe of the Kingdome they sayd that hee thought to make himselfe king of Nauarre These quarrels beeing sharpely poursued by either side it happened that Philip of Nauarre Viana surprised by the Marshall Philip. successour to his father in the office of Marshall and in hatred to the Earle of Lerin did surprize the cittie of Viana but he could not get the castle wherein a knight of the house of Gongora was captaine for the Earle and beeing out of hope of beeing able to keepe the towne so great was his hatred towards the Earle as hauing complotted with Don Iohn of Riuera Gouernor of Logrogno for the king of Castile Captaine Mudirre and other Spanish knights he deliuered the towne into their hands the which deed of his Exploites of the Earle of Lerin the Earle of Lerin greatly resenting endeauored to recouer that losse which did not so much touch him nor his faction as the whole Realme in generall and hee did so well bestirre himselfe as he did not onely recouer Viana but Larraga likewise which had beene before that time possessed by the king of Castile and if he had beene as strong as hee was couragious and skilfull in martiall affaires he would without all doubt haue recouered the places of Saint Vincent la Garde and Arcos the which hee attempted but hee was too weake with this good happe yet neuerthelesse hee tooke the towne of Miranda vppon Arga and caused those which held it to leape into the riuer In these trobles was the Realme of Nauarre when this young King Francis Phoebus came to the Crowne in danger vppon such like occasions to haue the kings of Castile attempt some thing to his preiudice as well thorough the euill offices of the chiefe of the Factions as by the superfluous duties of thâ— Captaines of the frontiers who to bee accounted good and profitable seruants do oftentimes draw their masters into vniust quarrels contrarie to their owne minds and dispositions The Court of Castile Castile remayned yet at Toledo in the which cittie in the beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred eightie the kings had called a Parlament Parliament at Toledo there the Deputies of the citties who were accustomed to haue voyces hauing well weighed and considered the disposition of the royall reuenue which was alienated to particular persons in recompences perpetuall rents superfluous gifts and other such like wastes which were not well digested did craue reformation thereof and demaunded to haue those things which had beene giuen from the Crowne to be restored to the same and they were the more instant therein Consultation touching the re-union of the royall reuenue because they did fore-see that if the kings did not looke to it necessitie would constraine them to seeke money in another nature and to charge the people with new tributes and taxes The matter beeing consulted on by the kings the Cardinall of Spaine and by other Prelates Lords and Knights it was determined that regard should bee had to the peoples admonishment but concerning the manner how the opinions were diuerse some thought it fit that whatsoeuer had beene alienated should be vnited againe others were of opinion to call that onely in question which had beene euill employed others sayd that no distinction ought to be made in that point but either to take all or leaue all Vppon this diuersitie of opinions the Kings knew not what to resolue but wrote their letters to the great Lords of Spaine to come to Toledo to giue their opinions concerning that businesse and if some of them could not come thither in person that they should set downe in writing what they thought was fit to be done and to send it The most part of them thought it requisite that the whole reuenew of the Crowne should be re-united Whereupon the Cardinall did secretly aduise the Kings to make this difference in the matter namely to take away from those vppon whom the late King Henry had bestowed any thing that is to say from the Lords and Knights which had beene the cause of the troubles and had followed the Prince Don Alphonso and not to mention those gifts which they themselues had giuen vnto such as had serued them In these difficulties the Kings made this conclusion That all those who had gifts reuenues and other such like pensions out of the ordinarie reuenue of the Crowne should by a certaine prefixed time come and shew cause how and wherefore they had obtayned such graunts and Friar Fernand of Talauera was appoynted to search out the truth and set downe an order vppon whose good conscience and integritie all men reposed great trust and to satisfie euery man according vnto right and reason who with other assistants did so order the matter as hee brought backe three millions of reuenues into the kings coffers and diuers men had their graunts confirmed others were cut off in part others had all taken from them and others enioyed their pensions during their liues The Estates were likewise very much busied about other matters and euery day was a Councell held in fiue seuerall chambers one was for the State another for the administration of iustice another for the affaires of Arragon and Sicill another for the businesses of the commons and for the iurisdictions of the Hermandades
Castile at the same time vnder color of defending and vpholding the Constable D. Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin and who had taken certaine townes he delt in such sort Castillans spoile the Realme of Nauarr. as he perswaded him to go with him to Valencia to king Fernand where being arriued the Lord of Albret beeing welcomed and kindly entreated did beseech the King to accept of the desire he had to do him seruice in stead of the effect for so much as he was a poore Knight vniustly expelled from his countrie by the French King who was mooued against him Amand of Albret 〈◊〉 the K of Castile to war vpon K. Charles the eight and Iohn of Albret his sonne whose person with his kingdome of Nauarre hee came to offer vnto him requesting him to receiue them into his protection and also that he had commission to make the like request for the Dukes Francis of Brittaine and Lewis of Orleance poursued and afflicted by the same King Charles each of whom promised him seruice and ayde for the recouerie of his Earledome of Rossillon and in all other occasions King Fernand sauoues Amand of Alâ—ret against King Charles The Lord of Albrets speech was fauourably and attentiuely heard by King Fernand who graunted all that which hee demaunded in the behalf of the king his son commanding Iohn de Ribera to restore to him or his Lieutenants Viana with all the rest of the places which he held in the Realme of Nauar. And did moreouer giue order for the rigging forth of an army by sea in Guipuscoa and Biscay against the French King for the aide of the aboue-named Princes who had likewise sollicited Henry the seuenth King of England to take their part who inclined thereunto so as a great number of Spanish shippes did lye vppon the coasts of Brittaine whose Admirall was Monsieur Gralla with whom Alain of Albret returned and an armie out of England was likewise sent conducted by the Lord Scales to the hurt of the French-men who by meanes of a victorie obtained by K. Charles or his Lieutenants K. Charles his victorie at S. Aubin at S. Aubin did deliuer themselues from all danger the D. of Orleance and Monsieur Gralla being taken prisoners the Lord of Albret escaped and the D. of Brittaine died for griefe of mind leauing two daughters Anne the eldest albeit that she was promised to Maximilian King of the Romains who was of the D. of Orleance faction was won by King Charles to be his wife who was desirous by such a marriage to vnite the Dutchie of Brittaine to his Crowne And because he was betrothed to Margueritâ— of Austria daughter to the king of the Romaines who beeing very young was brought vp in France in hope of the future marriage he sent her home againe and she was afterwards married to Prince Iohn of Castile The Bretons euer hating the French gouernment The Britons oppose themselues against the French King keeping their Princesse in the Castle of Nantes made new practises with the Kings of Castile and England and obtained great ayde from both of them Don Diego Peres Sarmjento Earle of Salinas beeing Generall of the Spanish Armie on the coast of Brittaine with Don Pero Carillo de Albornos and other renowned Captaines hauing two hundred men at armes and great numbers of footmen Crosbowes Pikes and Harquebuziers who were called in those dayes Espingardiers King Charles in the meane time came with a mighty Armie and besieged Nantes and by intelligence with some hee obtained the Citty Castle and the Dutchesse whom hee married in the yeare 1489. and made her French Queene making himselfe Maister of her inheritance in despight of the Britons This faire and gratious Princesse Anne was daughter to Dutchesse Marguerite and grand-child to Queene Leonar of Nauarre as hath beene already said and coosin germaine to Queene Catherine of Nauarre of whom we now treate Wee will now returne to the Kings of Castile Castile After the assembly of the states of the Realme of Valencia at Orihuela where diuerse ancient customes were reformed and many notable orders receiued and established they came to Murcia with an intent to warre vpon the Moores from that part There did Don Frederick de Toledo Captaine of the Kings guards Death of Don Garcy Aluares and of D Aluarode Estuniga aske leaue to visit Don Garcy Aluares de Toledo his father who lay deadly sick in wose dignities to wit the Dutchie of Alua the Marquisat of Coria and Earledome of Barco his sonne succeeded him This yeare likewise dyed Don Aluaro d' Estuniga Duke of Playsance leauing his sonne of the same name successor in his Dutchie The Bishop of Astorga likewise dyed in whose place Bernardin de Caruajall was substituted who was afterward Cardinall of the Sea of Rome of the title of the holy Crosse. The companies from all parts of the kingdome made their Rendez-vous at Lorca whether King Ferdinand marched hauing in his company the Duke of Albuquerque the Marquis of Cales the Earles of Lemos Saint Steeuens Castro Cabra Montagu Buendia and Don Henry Henriques the great Maister Don Pero Lopes de Padilla Captaine of the frontiers of Castile Don Iohn Chacon Captaine of the frontier of Murcia and others The Army beeing ready to march the Marquis of Cales and the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia leading the foreward marched against the Cittie of Vera the inhabitants whereof who were Moores beeing assured that they came towards them Vera yeelded by composition would not fall into the like mischiefe as those of Malaga wherefore they sent out before to the Marquis offering to yeeld their Citty to King Ferdinand if hee were there in person wherefore the King made hast and the Citty submitted vnto him on condition that their liues liberties and goods might bee saued with promise to liue in their religion in the next townes or else where they should thinke good Garcy Laso de la Vega Maister of the Kings Hall was made Gouernor of Vera. Diuers others strong townes and castles on those marches beeing mooued by the reports of the Kings clemency and fearing likewise their great power sent their Alfaquins or wise Councellors and deputies Places yeelded to the King and Queene of Castile to offer them obedience and tribute as they were accustomed to pay to the Moore Kings and namely the two Velez the white and the redde Muxicar Cueuas Telefique Huescar and Porchena Tabara Alborca Serena Torilla Monjacar Tabernas and Benamaruel the inhabitants of which places and diuers others made themselues Mudejares or vassals to king Ferdinand and Queene Isabell keeping their ceremonies and sect The Armie after this marched towards Almerie the which towne was then onely lookt vpon by certaine light skirmishes with the Moores of the garrison then part of the army marched on forward within the view of Baça where King Muley Boabdelin was then in person who came forth with certaine troopes of
horse and foote and made a great skirmish where D. Phillip of Nauarre and Arragon dyed who was maister of Monteza nephew to the King and sonne to Prince Don Charles of Viana by vs oftentimes heretofore mentioned with other men of note the which caused the Christians to make their retreate who were insolently pursued in the Rere by the Moores who notwithstanding were afterward beaten back by the Captaine of the frontier of Murcia King Ferdinand leauing for that time Almerie and Baça two strong places marched towards Huescar which yeelded and Don Rodrigo Manrique was made Gouernor thereof Whilest the warre continued in these quarters Iniury done to one of the kings Receiuers of his money and punishment of the offenders the Captaine of Alua de Tormes and the gouernor of the Duke of Aluas lands did Bastonado one of the Kings Collectors of his rents which the King hauing notice of the Licentiate Lewis de Polanco Prouost of the Court was sent thither to doe Iustice therevpon who tooke the Captaine of Alua in his owne Castle and caused him to bee hanged in the same place where hee had done the deed As for the Gouernour of the Countrey hee was brought to the Chancery at Valiodolit and there condemned to haue his hand stricken off and to bee for euer banished out of the Kings dominions In the which place of Valiodolit the Court came and wintered Moneys there was an Edict made concerning the moneys that the siluer coyne should bee thence-forth made of the same sterling as that of Paris It was enacted not long before in Portugall to coyne certaine kindes of gold of two and twenty Carates Portugal of the golden mine of Guiney and likewise certaine siluer money called Twenties of the worth of twenty Res which were equiualent to the Marauedis of Castile for thirty six Res were at that time worth a Real as thirty sixe Marauedis in Castile and Nauar The affaires of which kingdome since the execution of the Lords made by King Iohn were quiet and peaceable for euery one seeing that hee had not spared his owne bloud kept himselfe still and this King was not onely reuerenced in Portugall but likewise in Affricke where hee possessed much land in so much as the Moores of Azamor who had beene in times past vnder the subiection of Portugall and were now reuolted did againe this yeare submit themselues vnto it about which time he built the Fountaine at Setuball And hauing no businesses to hinder him hee went about to pursue new enterprises no lesse profitable for mankinde than honorable to the house of Portugall Hauing had the opinion and aduise of diuerse great personages skilfull in Cosmographie and all other Mathematicall sciences and especially good Marriners hee sent away Bartholmew Dias with a certaine religious Frier named Anthony inioyning them to coast the shoares of Affrick of the Ocean sea Nauigaâ—ions of the Portugals into the Ocean sea pursued by the commandement of King Iohn till they could bee able to relate vnto him how farre that land stretched and how the voyage which hee conceiued in his owne vnderstanding might bee made by the South into the East to the countreys and Islands where the spices growe Bartholomew Dias and the Fryer arriued at the Cape of Bonasperanza or good hope which is the farthest stretched out point of Affricke beyond the Equinoctiall winter Tropick Cape de bona Speranza and doubling againe the East Riuer of the Infant they came to the mouth of the Iland termed by them of the Infant which is a hundred and fifty leagues farther then the Cape of good hope There Fryer Anthonie with the consent of Bartholmew Dias landed and trauailed with such turnings vp and downe this vnknowne world Friev Anthonies long and dangerous iourney as hee brought himselfe with great labour and danger as it is credible into Palestine to the Citty of Ierusalem taking a carefull note of all things Bartholmew Dias returned by sea into Portugall the same way hee came and informed the King of all that hee had seene or knowne of the shoares and sea coasts as Fryer Anthony did the like of his land voyage beeing returned a good while after the which encreased King Iohns desire to execute his praise-worthy enterprise esteeming and not without reason that by the knowledge and practise of that Nauigation great profit might redound to his kingdome Now the better to vnderstand the costs and charges of this trafficke for Spices brought from the Islands of the Moluccoes and to bee able to reckon what the commoditie thereof might come to following the passage of the Ocean sea hee sent Pedro de Couanilla and Alphonso de Payua into the East King Iohns dilligence to learne the voyage to the East by the Ocean sea and the Island of Moluccoes who were wise and discreete persons and very skilfull in the Arabian tongue to bring him word of the traffick of these countries Hauing then furnished them with money credit and other necessaries for so long a voyage they went to Naples and from thence by Rhodes to Ierusalem from whence they passed by Alexandria to Caire then they went to Aden to Ormuz and at last came to Calicut and other places of the Indies carrying with them for their conduct a Carde or Compasse made by the licenciate Calsadilla Bishop of Viseo the Doctor Rodrigue Pero d' Alcaçaba and Moyses a Iew who had drawne it after the description of Martin of Boheme the great Mathematician taking information of all the parts of Ethiopia Arabia Persia and of the Indies where there is any trafficke faires or assemblies of people Alphonso Payua died in this voyage Pedro de Couanilla was deteined by Prester Iohn Emperour of Ethiopia so as the King could haue no relation from any of them concerning their voyage yet Couanilla found meanes to write a discourse of what hee had learned and sent it afterward to the King by one Rabi Abraham and Ioseph de Lamego who hauing beene already in Persia were sent backe againe by King Iohn to heere some newes of the said Pedro de Couanilla This discourse did whet on the Kings desire to effect this voyage for the which purpose he did arme certaine Carauels this yeere 1488. at the same time the marriage of his sonne Prince Alphonso and the Infanta Isabella eldest daughter to the King of Castile whereof mention was made in the treaty of peace betwixt Spaine and Portugall was wholy agreed vpon albeit the Prince was then but thirteene yeeres of age For the charges of which marriage the Estates of the Kingdome gaue to King Iohn the sum of a hundred thousand golden crusadoes at which time the King being desirous to aduance to wealth and honor D. Pedro de Meneses Earle of Villareal and Lord of Almeyda beeing at Beja he created him Marquis of Villareal and Earle of Oren. There came now into Castile a great Ambassage from Maximillian of Austria
and the Secretary Hernando de safra were appointed to capitulate with him who after diuers goings and commings did conclude with the Moores and their Prince Mahomet the Little vpon these conditions following 1 That King Mahomet should no more terme himselfe King of Granado vnto whom the Kings of Castile should giue an honorable stipend for his entertainment who might liue in the cities lands and other reuenues specified which hee had held in the daies of his father King Maley Albohacen and the like to bee done to his mother Queene Aixa his wife sisters and children 2. That their traine stuffe seruants and purueiors should be free from al tax and tribute 3. That the Moores should bee iudged according to their owne lawes and customes which they call Xaira and if any Christian were a party by Iudges that were one halfe Moores and the rest Christians 4 That their Armes should not be taken from them their Harquebuses excepted the which no Moore might keepe without speciall licence 5 That all Moores should bee suffered to liue in Spaine with free liberty of their ceremonies and religion and if they would goe ouer into Affricke they might do so and carry with them their mooueables money marchandise and all other commodities excepting Armor and munition for the warres without paying any tribute for three yeares together and they should bee furnished with shipping for their passage After three yeares were expired those that would depart should pay a Ducat for euery head 6 That all Moores which possessed immoueable goods in Spaine might enioy them albeit they themselues were in Affrick â—â—â—itulations â—etwixt Ferdinand and Mahomet the 〈◊〉 and they might sell let out and accommodate them and for that purpose they might keepe factors and Atturneys in the King and Queenes dominions 7 That no Renegada Christian should bee constrained by force to returne to the Christian faith 8 That within certaine dayes after the conclusion of this treaty Liberty of religion granâ—â— to the Moores King Mahomet the little or his Alcaydes should deliuer vp the Fortresse of Alhambra with all the towers and other strong places of the citty into the Kings hands 9 That those of Granado should giue foure hundred principall Moores for hostage As these matters were handling the Queenes tents were set on fire by the negligence of one of the Queenes women so as the whole Armie was in an vprore and fell into order of battaile thinking it to bee some Morish stratagem but when the cause was knowne all was quieted The like inconuenience of fire hapned at the same time at Medina del Campo by meanes whereof more then two hundred houses were burned Now after that the aboue-named articles were agreed vpon a great sedition was raised in the citty of Granado by more then twenty thousand of the common people who tooke armes gaine-saying the yeelding vp of the citty in such sort as King Mahomet was glad to take the Fortresse of Alhambre with a strong garde looking euery houre when they would haue assailed him but their fury being appeased he shewed them that there was now no more time to make resistance VVizards stir vp the people and gaue them many reasons for it Neuerthelesse hee perceiuing that there was euer some frantick Prophet or other among that nation which did put the people in those tumults he wrote to the Kings that without staying for the day appointed for the deliuery of the Alhambra they should send to take present possession thereof which King Ferdinand did forth-with and marched with his forces against that Fortresse The Albambra of Granado yeelded the yeare 1492. from whence Mahomet the little no more a King went out to meete him who with a sorrowfull and deiected countenance presented him the Keyes saying that they were the Keyes of the Royall Pallace of Granado the which with himselfe and all the men that were in it were at his seruice He pronounced these words with a broken and sorrowfull voyce and would haue alighted from his horse to haue kissed the Kings hand who mooued with pitty and compassion would not suffer him so to doe but did very gently and gratiously comfort him King Ferdinand gaue the Keyes to the Queene shee to Prince Iohn her sonne Granado yeelded vp and he gaue them to Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoza Earle of Tendilla who with three thousand horse and like number of footmen entred into the spacious and royall fortresse of the Alhambra with the Marquis of Villena and other Knights Frier Hernando de Talauera Bishop of Auila who was afterward Archbishop of Granado did forthwith goe vp into the highest Tower there and set vp the Crosse which was the very same that the Cardinall of Spaine did vse to haue borne before him as Archbishop of Toledo and Primat and the which is at this day kept in the Vestrie at Toledo and then were the banners of Saint Iames and King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell set vp with performance of the accustomed ceremonies and soone after other forces were sent to seaze vpon the gates and towers of the citty where the people were disarmed and the armor carried into the Alhambra sauing those which were hidden and afterward found which cost diuers their liues who were executed by course of lawe The city was yeelded vp the first day of Ianuary 1492. the 675. yeere of the reigne of the Arabians there The end of the Arabians rule in Spaine and thereby ended the warre of Granado which lasted tenne yeeres and gaue end to the Arabians and Moores dominion in Spaine but the most part of the Knights would not tarry there but went ouer into Africke the greedinesse inconstancy infidelity and desire to rule which that Nation had brought them to this misery King Fernand aduertized Pope Innocent and other Christian Princes his friends of this great victory and hee staied a great while in the city of Granado to giue order for the gouernment thereof as also of all that they had newly conquered wherein Queene Isabells constancy and magnanimity deserues the first place then King Fernands valour wisdome and good conduct with other Lords and chiefe Knights of their Kingdomes the cities of Siuill Cordoua Iaen Eccia Xeres Vbeda Baeça Murcia Carthagena and Lorca did not spare any of their publike and particular goods The same day that King Fernand and Queene Isabell made their entry into the city of Granado D. Pero Fernandes de Velasco Earle of Haro Viceroy and Constable of Castile died whom D. Bernardin de Haro his sonne succeeded as well in the Earldome as Constableship who this yeere was made Earle of Frias and married to Donna Ioane of Arragon the Kings daughter A little before the viceroys death The President and Auditors of Valiodolit deposed and their names the President and Auditors of the Kings Chancery residing at Valiodolit did greatly forget themselues by receiuing an Appellation to Rome for a certaine cause depending before them
the Capitanato the which each of them pretended for his owne and maintained it for his part because that otherwise they should be depriued of a taxe raysed vppon cattell in that countrey the which in lesse then a moneths space affoorded more then fourescore thousand Duckets and the French men did particularly challenge it because this Capitanato did abound in corne wherewith the countrey of Abruzzo and Terra di Lauor was furnished thinking it to bee a very great losse if they should leaue it to the Spaniards Howsoeuer it was their claime was ambiguous each others limits beeing not plainely specified in the diuision so as they fell to armes more fiercely then before wherein for that time the French-men preuayled and made themselues masters not onely of the ground that was in strife but likewise of many places of Calabria and Puglia for which there had beene no contention at all In the meane space the Arch-duke Philip and Donna Ioane his wife arriued at Guipuscoa where Don Bernard de Rojas and Sandouall Arriuall of the Arch-duke D. Ioane his wife in Castile who was afterward Marquis of Denia with great numbers of Lords and Knights of name waited for them at Fontarabie by whome they were conducted and these Princes passing by Saint Adrians mount did christen Philip de Lascan sonne and heire to the house of Lascan From thence by Alaua Bureua Burgos Vailliodolit Medina del campo Segobia and Madrid in all which places they had sumptuous and magnificent entertainement they came at last to the cittie of Toledo where the three Estates of the Realmes of Castile and Leon were assembled King Fernand and Queene Izabella departing from Seuile Ceremonies at the swearing to the Princes Philip Ioane came likewise to Toledo where after they had beene feasted and entertayned with disports for the space of fifteen dayes Philip of Austria and Donna Ioane were sworne and acknowledged Princes of the Asturia's and eldest heires to the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon in the right of Donna Ioane This was done in the presence of King Fernand and Queene Izabella the Primate Friar Francis Ximenes Arch-bishoppe of the same cittie Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Arch-bishoppe of Seuile Cardinall of Saint Sabine and Patriarke of Alexandria the Bishops of Calaorra Palence Osma Cordoua Salamanca Iaen Cité Rodrigo Malaga Mondognedo and other Prelates of Bernardin de Velasco Constable of Castile the Dukes of Infantasgo Alua Bejar Albuquerque and the Marquis of Villena the Earles of Oropesa Miranda and Benalcaçar Crugna Siruella Ribadeo Fuençalida Ajamonte and others with the Procurators and Commissioners of all the citties and prouinces of Spaine which haue place in such assemblies This oath beeing made for Castile King Fernand was desirous to haue the like done for the Kingdome of Arragon and dependancies thereof and so he iourneyed towards Sarragossa leauing the Queene with the Princes at Toledo who went to passe away the hotte time of Iuly and August at Ocagna recreating themselues in the pleasant forrest of Aranjues neere to the riuer Tayo and from thence they departed to Sarragossa where by the Estates they were likewise declared and sworne Princes of Girone heires to Arragon Valence Cattalognia Sicill and other Countries belonging to that Crowne The Queene in the meane time staying at Toledo remooued to Madrid where she beganne to be euill disposed of her person which caused king Fernand to hasten his returne to her the Princes desiring to follow him did separat themselues because the Princesse was with child wherefore shee remayned at Sarragossa and the Prince went to Madrid These matters fell out the yere 1502. wherein dyed the Cardinall Diego Hurtado of Mendoza in the same cittie of Madrid Don Iohn of Estuniga who had beene Master of Alcantara and afterward was Cardinall succeeded him in the Arch-bishoppricke of Siuill The Marquis of Denja dyed likewise The precedent yeare about the time that the Princesse Catherine departed into England Don Iohn d' Arias del Villar dyed who was President of Vailliodolit and Bishop of Segobia in whose place succeeded Doctor Iohn de Medina Bishop of Carthagena There dyed also D. Lewis de la Cerde first Duke of Medina Celi sonne to Earle Gaston The Prince of Wales husband to the Infanta Catherine died likewise this yeare and the Cittie of Gibraltar was re-united to the Crowne and another persecution was raised against the Moores Before the Kings of Castile departed from Siuill to come to Toledo they had sent an Ambassadour to the Souldan of Egipt The king of Castile sends an Ambassade to the grand Cairo who was as Emperour of Arabia acknowledged then for Soueraigne ouer all the Kings of Affricke who had beene informed by the Kings of Tremessen Fez Bugie Tunis and others of diuers rigors and inhumanities exercised vppon the Moores and Iewes dwelling in Spaine which that Prince did greatly recent Peter Martyr of Angleria Ambassador The Ambassadour sent thither was called Peter Martyr Angleria of Milan Deane of Granado a learned and well-experienced person vnto whome were letters of credite and instructions giuen how to appease the Souldan and to perswade him otherwise then he had beene before informed Wherefore he went by Venice where the Seigneurie prouided him of a shippe to carrie him to Alexandria there he found diuers Christian Merchants with a Consul who was a Cattelan by nation by whom hee was well entertayned The Warden of the Monasterie of mount Sion beeing aduertized some few dayes before of his comming sent him word that he would meete him at Cairo therefore Peter Martyr sent certaine Friars before to Cairo whom he had brought with him for to receiue that Friar Warden and to obtaine a safe-conduct for his owne person and trayne from the Souldan to the end to declare his Ambasie vnto him The father Warden and his Friars beeing arriued at Cayro found a Truch-man or Interpreter there who was a Spaniard borne at Momblanc in the Realme of Valencia vnto whom hauing giuen notice of the Ambassadors arriuall at Alexandria and demaunded the safe-conduct the Souldan granted it and sent word to the Gouernor of Alexandria whom the cal Admirall to cause him to be conducted in safetie But the Monkes hauing vnderstood by their conferences with the Truchman how sinisterly the Souldan was possessed against the Kings of Castil by the reports of the Moores of Granado and the Iewes which were expulsed out of Spaine they did aduertize him to be well aduised what he did and to foresee the danger he had put himselfe in by comming to the presence of that angry Prince whose answer perhaps might be death but the Ambassador was no whit amazed thereat but sayd that it would be a great happinesse for him to die in so honourable a cause so he tooke his iourney going against the stream of the riuer Nilus accompanied by diuers Mameluke souldiers Mamelues in Egypt which were Christians renied or children of bought Christians in
the foote of the mountaines being coasted by the Xeriffs army which held the plaines and was much stronger then he in horse Salharrais was a captaine and could imbrace all occasions so as one day hee surprized the Xeriffs reereward Xeriffe Mahomet forced to flie led by Abdalla his sonne and put it to route and made him to abandon his munition and baggage so as the Xeriffe was forced to goe hastily to Fez marching all that day and the night following without any stay and then Salharrais lodged presently vpon the bankes of the riuer Sebu The Inhabitants of Fez haue a preuiledge Preuiledge of the Inhabitants of Fez. that if their King suffers the enemy to approach within halfe a league of the city as being to weake and wanting meanes to resist him they may open him the gates and not bee taxed with treachery and so they cause their Kings to sweare at their comming to the crowne For it is a great folly say they by a vaine weake vnseasonable loyaltie to expose such a city to the spoile in supporting a Prince obstinately who is vnprouided of force and meanes to defend them This priuiledge forced the Xeriffe to goe forth againe to fight with the Turkes army and with his enemy Buaçon and fearing that the captaine of the Turkes which hee had for his gard would abandon him and retire to Salharra he caused his head to bee cut off All the captaines and gouernors of Sus Daâ—a Marroc and the Prouinces of Fez were in his army with their people which shewed to bee foure score thousand horse of the which he sent eight thousand good horse of Sus against the enemy to fight with him at the passage of a riuer and hee with the rest of the army followed after stretching it out vpon the riuer side so as there was nothing but the riuer betwixt the two armies Salharrais finding great difficulty in his passage planted his ordinance vpon the riuers side where there was a ford and caused euery horseman to take a Harguebuzier behind him and the ordinance to play continually vpon the Xeriffs squadrons so as hee past a great number of his shot in despight of them who with admirable celerity cast vp a kinde of rampar to defend them from the horse and shooting incessantly gaue meanes to the rest of the Turkes horse and foote to passe neither could they bee forced to quit the place which they had taken notwithstanding the many charges of the Xeriffs horsemen The Turkes army being past they lodged that night as strongly as they could The next day they marched towards the city whereas the Xeriffs army made great resistance the which was diuided into three battaillons and hauing made a trench vpon the great high way planted with ordinance they could not passe but Salharrais making a shew as if he would goe and beseege the bourrough of Zefere with part of his army whereas the Xeriffs victuals and munition lay hee caused his sonne Abdalla to leaue a little hill called Dardubag which hee had in gard of the which hee himselfe with the other part of the Turkish army seized instantly and then hee feared not the enemies horse the which could not then anoy him the way being rough and full of stones Notwithstanding the Xeriffe charged the Turkes but they of that nation and the renegados which were in his army and of his gard betraied him so as Salharrai Turkes got the aduantage and with their shot disperced their first squadrons Turkes make the Xeriffe retire and put them to flight wherefore the Xeriffe seeing that they of Fez that were with him began to wauer and that most of them retired towards the old city hee resolued also to retire himselfe into new Fez with his souldiars of Marroc and Sus in whom he did most relie and the Turkes marching on in good order came and camped neere vnto the port called Bebelfetoh whereas many of the Inhabitants came vnto them and Arabians that were friends to Buaçon with an intent to haue it opened vnto him Muley Abdalla the Xeriffs sonne who had entred the city by an other port caused two peeces of ordinance to bee planted vpon the portall of Bebelfetoh which made many shot into the Turkes campe and did them much harme but Buaçon and his friends brake open the gate and made way for the army to enter Then there beganne a furious and bloudy conflict in the streets where there died many good men of either side in the end Abdalla who had no confidence in them of Fez abandoned it and retired himselfe into the castle of new Fez passing by the suburbes of Merz where he reported vnto his father how all things had past in the great towne who holding himselfe not safe in new Fez Fez abandoned by the Xeriffe to the Turkes went to field in a manner flying towards Marroc hauing aduised his wiues his daughters and houshold traine to saue themselues as they could abandoning his treasors iewels and mouables whereof hee went alwaies well furnished to them that could lay hold of it Some escaped others were staied and taken and amongst them two of the Xeriffs daughters who had that day a notable losse Aliben Bubcar who was captaine of the fort of new Fez held it vntill he thought that the Xeriffe was in safety and then hee yeelded it to Salharrais by composition his men going forth with their armes and horses and what goods they could carry with them The city of Fez being thus wonne Fez taken by the Turkes some captaines of the Turkes army who hated Buaçon gaue Salharrais to vnderstand that the Inhabitants of Fez did detest him for that hee was affected to the Christians and was proud and of an ill disposition That they murmured already against him and gaue it out that they would neuer receiue him willingly for their King and therefore hee should binde them much vnto him if hee gaue them Muley Bubcar one of the sonnes of Muley Hamet Oataz to whom by right the Realme did belong and that it was their desire Vpon these reports and perswasions Salharrais caused Muley Bubcar to bee proclaimed King of Fez retayning Muley Buaçon in the fort of new Fez well garded which made the people to mutine for whereas the Turkes had said that Buaçon was hated and reiected by the Inhabitants of Fez it was a meere slander and the contrary did soone appeare for they tooke armes for his sake against the Turkes so as Salharrais was forced to pacefie this tumult to send him vnto them with an Alcaide he promising to returne againe to accomplish their conuentions Buaçon being brought into the city cast himselfe into the Mesquite of Caruin and would not come forth saying that he had beene ill intreated by the Turkes and in danger to be slaine by them and therefore he would not fall againe into their hands But the Alcaide which did accompany him gaue him so many reasons as
gaue money Such as did not obey his commaundements and were slow in comming to the towne hee vsed with all rigour causing their houses to bee opened and their goods to bee sold for the charges of the warre If any rich man within the towne fearing to be taxed or forced to pay mony did seeke to escape he was stayed at the Port stript and put in prison so as the great fauor which Don Antonio had found at his first coming grew now cold His most constant friends were the begging Friars many of which leauing their hoods tooke armes and garded the ports or followed him and made a company in his armie which he sought to rayse of this multitude hauing no other but they shewed themselues mutinous and rebellious when they came to lye in field a practise which Shoo-makers Taylors Mercers Vintners and the other skumme of the people had not beene inured vnto by whome the estate and reputation of Don Antonio were supported who could not bee ignorant of this absurditie but that glorious name of King couered all defects and made all dangers light Hee had sent Diego de Meneses to Cascais with some troupes to gard the passage yet hee did not thinke the enemie would haue past there but rather would haue gone aboue the towne towards Saint Iren where the riuer growes narrow for towards the sea it is very broade but notwithstanding any thing that Meneses could do the Duke of Alba past vnder Cascais at a place called Marines Vechos neither did he euer seeke to hinder his landing nor offer him skirmish so hauing forced Meneses to retire the Duke was master of the field Don Antonio who expected some good seruice from Diego de Meneses had made him Generall of his forces by land and his brother George de Meneses of his armie at sea where he had good Gallions and some other Vessels but growing iealous of George he had taken his charge from him and put him in prison It may bee hee would haue done as much to Diego if hee presented himselfe before him after the Dukes passage but hee put himselfe into the Castle of Cascais which cost him his life Don Antonio King of Portugall must of necessitie issue foorth of Lisbone against the Duke and fight with him for his honour but hee found himselfe very vnfit for it for neyther by faire meanes nor rigour could he gather together at that time aboue a thousand foote and some fiue hundred horse ill appoynted and neuer trayned vp in the warres neither could hee possibly stay them aboue that day for night beeing come most of them returned to the towne to supper for that there was not any breade in his campe The Duke of Alba meaning to attempt Cascais found it abandoned by the inhabitants the castle which was somewhat strong refused to yeeld whereupon it was battered and forced The captaine who commanded there called Antonio Pereira was hanged and his souldiers stript Diego de Meneses was found in this place whose head the Duke caused to be cut off although there were some that did sue for his life The cittie of Lisbon beeing amazed at the taking of Cascais expecting to heare the like of the Castle of S. Iulian which is as it were their key they protested to D. Antonio that they wold make their peace if he did not put himselfe in defence who offred himselfe to go if they wold follow him Then euery man was forced to take armes and go to field euen the Negro slaues of the which there is a great multitude in that Citty so as of one and other hee found himselfe to haue an armie of 8000. men ill armed ill apparelled and ill led for there was scarce one that could execute the office of a Sergeant or place a Sentinell with which troupe he went and camped at Alcantara within fiue miles of S. Iulian which the Duke did beseege and batter which place was yeelded vnto him by Tristanvaz by the perswasion of a woman who had obtayned a safe-conduct from the Duke to draw foorth a daughter of hers with her husband which were within it Cabeça Secca which was a fort built vppon the sand in the midst of the riuer right against S. Iulian was also abandoned to the Duke Army of Don Anâ—onio put to râ—nt So as there was not any thing that could hinder him from camping to the citty gates but Belem and Don Antonio's armie which lay in ther ill-made trenches at Alcantara and kept that bridge the which was forced in it's lodging and put to route by the Duke and chased euen into the towne with some slaughter Don Antonio escaped by flight being hurt but he stayd not there for passing through the town and as it were bidding them farewell whom he could not defend he tooke the way to S. Iren hauing caused his wound to be drest at Sacaben where he might haue bene taken if they had poursued him but he had the good hap to find meanes to retire to Coimbra which of all the townes in the Realme had most resisted King Philip and most disputed their pretended rights It is the onely Vniuersitie of Portugall for all faculties which had giuen aduice and counsell contrarie to the Doctors of Castile The Duke of Alba tooke Belem and soone after the Magistrates of Lisbone came to offer him the keys of the Cittie demaunding their liues and goods the which was promised them for King Philips meaning was to haue it preserued yet they could not preuent it but the goodly suburbe which was vpon the way Lisbone yeelds to K. Philip. was spoyled and all the houses and gardens which were about the cittie whither the Inhabitants had retired themselues by reason of the plague and had carried most of their best moueables thither King Philips gallies which were entred into the riuer tooke them of Portugall and the eleuenth of September that yeare 1580. the Duke of Alba tooke possession in the king his masters name of the citty of Lisbone and made him to be sworne and acknowledged the people crying Real Real for King Philip. Whilst that the Duke of Alba did these exploites in Portugall King Philip was at Badajos whereas he fell so dangerously sick as the Phisitions despayred of his life and it was bruted in Portugall that he was dead so as many Noblemen did put on mourning weedes and among others the King Don Antonio He recouered but his Queene Donna Anna who fell sicke at the same time of a continuall feuer Death of Q. Anne of Castile dyed The newes of the taking of Libone beeing knowne at Court and what had followed many Courtiers sought to disgrace the Duke of Alba's actions accusing him of great negligence to haue suffered Don Antonio to escape they sayd that he was more fitte to destroy then to edifie not knowing how to do his master seruice not to get him the possession of any thing but defiled spoyled and made vnprofitable and with such
saw the ships which had brought Monsieur de Chattes and his men and some other vessels which the Gouernors did vse to send to sea there he left certaine gallies to keepe them in and instantly caused the city to be summoned offering a pardon to the Inhabitants Conquest of the Ilands of the Terceres for King Philip. and a good composition to the Captaines and souldiers but they answered him with the Canon the Marquis seeing that all landing places neere vnto the cittie were fortified he began to coast along the shoare to find some fitte descent but it seemed to him that all were rampared and fortified being in this caâ—e he was aduertised by a Portugueze that there was a good landing place at port des Moles farre from Angra where presenting himselfe he found some accesse but difficult both for that the place was stonie and there was a fort built yet he did hazard some souldiers who did assure the way for the rest Beeing at land they that garded this fort made some resistance which gaue Monsieur de Chattes time being aduertised by the fires and smoke and by the bels which hung at either of these forts to draw his men together French and Portuguezes to go and succor them but vpon the way he found the souldiers which had abandoned this fort flying whom he caused to returne with him being resolued to fight with the enemie the which he indeauored to do and might haue amazed him if Emanuel de Silua the Gouernor and his men had held good but they did not continue as they had begun for hauing skirmished well all the day against the Spaniards and others of the Marquises armie and against hunger through the bad order of Emanuel de Silua night beeing come they abandoned the French and retired to the mountaine whether the Commander de Chattes was forced also to make his retreat with his French troupe for there was no reason that so few men shold wilfully make head against an army of 12000. Emanuel de Silua thought then to go and imbarke himselfe and to flie away but he could not for euery man watched him and therefore he retired also to the mountaine to a place apart It was strange to heare those Ilanders who before had seemed so braue to call then vpon Castile Augra at the Terceres taken by the Marquis of Santa Cruz. and to confesse that those Ilands did belong vnto King Philip. The Marquis seeing himselfe master of the field marched towards the citty of Angra which he found abandoned and emptie so as the souldiers made small profit of the sacke thereof When as the Marquis entred the citty by land the gallies seized vpon the shippes which were within the port without resistance for there were neither souldiers nor marriners in them From thence Don Pedro de Toledo was sent to the Iland of Fayal to subdue them that would not acknowledge the King of Spaine In the meane time the Marquis apprehending the difficultie to draw the French out of those rockes by force hee sought to haue them by some honest composition The Commander de Chattes at the beginning made great demands considering the estate whereunto he was reduced which made the Spaniards resolue to vanquish them or to lose their liues and so they did promise the Marquis but he did auoyd that danger hauing found more moderation in those poore forelorne men for so they might well be tearmed for had he not fought with them hunger would soone haue forced them to haue yeelded to his mercie Their accord was treated by a Colonel called Pedro de Padilla whom the Commaunder de Chattes had sometimes knowne at Malta where it was concluded that they should deliuer vp their armes and ensignes keeping onely their swords and that they should lodge in a quarter of the cittie and shippes prouided for their retreat D. Pedro de Toledo beeing come to Fayal sought to perswade the souldiers and inhabitants to yeeld without force wherefore hee sent vnto the Gouernor whose name was Pero Antonio Guedes de Sosa a man of qualitie that was in his company who had his wife and children in that Iland to let him vnderstand what had happened to the Iland of Tercere and to perswade him to apply himselfe vnto the time and to yeeld to the Conqueror This Gouernour being proude and disdainfull making no other answer to this messenger slue him wherefore Don Pedro staying awhile doubting that which had hapned began to aduance with 2500. soldiers which he had brought beeing to skirmish with 400. French which came to encounter them whom he made to retire soone into their fort to yeeld vpon the same conditions that the rest had done Sosa was taken who for the vild part he had played with him that was sent by D. Pedro was hung vp by one arme Fayall and the other Ilands yeelded to king Philip. both his hands hauing beene first cut off The Portugals of the Iland were sackt and then left free hauing submitted themselues to the Kings obedience Anthony of Portugall was left Gouernor there with 200. souldiers and the rest returned with the gallies to the Tercere where as the Ilanders came and made the submissions that were required So as there was not any one but did acknowledge King Philip for king of Portugal Before the Marquis of Santa Cruz returned he caused Emanuel de Silua's proces to be made hauing had no meanes to escape who with some others were executed Emanuel lost his head and so did Amador Vieira hee who had discouered the Portugals in the Iland that were affected to the k. Emanuel Surradas who had spoiled the Ilands of Cap Verd was also beheaded others of meaner qualitie were hanged The mony which had beene coyned with D. Antonio's stampe was condemned as counterfeit and a great quantitie was burnt in the market place of Angra This done the Marquis hauing disposed of the estate of these Ilands and left Iohn d' Vrbine for Gouernor of the Tercere with 2000. foot he bent his course towards Spain and arriued safely with his fleet in the ports of Andalusia where there was great ioy as also in Portugal and thanks giuen to God for so happy a victory which put King Philip in a peaceable possession of the Realme of Portugal and all the dependances so as he might then iustly intitle himselfe King of all Spaine The end of the 30. Booke A CONTINVATION OF THE GENERALL HISTORY OF Spaine from the yeare 1583. to this time THE warre of Portugall beeing ended Philip King of Spaine subdued the Ilands which had made resistance he returned into Castile whether the Estates of Arragon and other weightie affaires did call him Among other things there was a mariage treated of betwixt Catherine his youngest daughter and the Duke of Sauoy which allyance hee held would be both profitable and honorable to himselfe Mariage concluded â—etwixt Catherine Infanta of Spain and the Duke of Saâ—oy and
other places passing vnto Tarrassone and then hee returned by Medina Celi ruining the forts and watch-towers which the Moores had built in those countries the which he did with lesse difficulty for that the Moores estate was in great confusion by reason of the seditions and tiranies which were practised amongst them An. 1047. They write that this Prince did also that yeere which was 1047 chase the Moores out of the mountaines of Ora and Ouan Sometime after continuing the warre against the Mahumetists hee past the mountaines with his army into the realme of Toledo he spoiled the country about Talamanca and Vzeda whereas the riuer of Henares passeth to Alcala and Guadalajara he entred the territory of Madrid and made such a general spoile of townes and people as the King of Toledo a Moore called Aly Maymon was aduised to pacifie him by presents yea to promise him tribute the which hee did sending home D. Fernand rich with gold and siluer and of all other spoiles into his countries of Leon and Castille This King Aly Maymon was the ninth of those which had rained at Toledo of the royall race of Aben Humeya Moores sonne to King Hizen and grand-child to Hayran Hee had one sonne amongst others carrying his grand-fathers name Hizen and one daughter called Casilda who was a Christian as you shall heare At that time there dwelt many Musarabes in Toledo whoÌ„ God left not vnfurnished of Pastors among the which Archiques the Arch-deacon is famous Arts florished among the Arabians in Spaine who incouraged the Christians of that city and instructed them in the grounds of their faith arts and liberal sciences were in like manner maintained and honored among the Arabians and in those daies their liued many learned men of that nation whereof the most renouned were Haly Albuacem and Aly Aben Ragel very learned in Astrology The occasion which drew the Princesse Calside to the Christian religion is thus related by the authors of the Spanish History She fel say they very sicke of a bloudy flix for whose recouery her father had in vaine imployed the skill of all the Arabian Phisitians and others that were expert in that faculty but in the end shee had a reuelation that if shee did wash her selfe in the waters of Saint Vincents Lake which is in the territory of Bureua nere vnto Biruiesca she should be cured Casâ—de a Princesse of the Moores baptized the which shee presently declared to the King her father who was very well pleased and hauing written to the King D. Fernand hee sent this Virgin well attended vnto him and presently set many Christian slaues at liberty vpon this occasion D. Fernand entertained her with great honor caused her to bee furnished with al things nenessary Being bathed in those waters she recouered her health wherevpon the Spaniards say she would returne no more to Toledo but caused her selfe to be baptized and built an Oratory with a little chamber vpon the Lake where shee made her aboad and there spent the remainder of her daies in praiers and other religious exercises and was there buried after her decease But the same author said that being at Toleda before she came into Castille she was full of charity and compassion to Christian captiues to whom she gaue great almes which was a signe that there were in her some good seeds of better instruction the which by the recouery of her health was confirmed There was also an other Prince of the Moores called Alay Maymon not he which was King of Toledo against whom D. Garcia King of Nauarre had a sharpe incounter at Ricorbasesca where the Moore was vanquished and slaine These Christian Kings Nauarre ambitious and treacherous one against an other not sparing their owne bloud thought to expiate all their offences in building of Churches and indowing them with great reuenues in enuy one of an other with this opinion D. Garcia gaue many guifts and granted many preuiledges to the Church of Saint Mary the Royal of Nageâ—a Donations to Churches which hee had caused to be built for his funerall declaring that these guifts were for the health of his soule of his fathers of the Queene his wiues and of his children with the approbation of the chiefe noblemen of his Realme which donations and preuiledges hee ment should continue vnto the end of the world vpon a penaltie to him that should breake them of a thousand tallents to bee applied to the Monasterie In these termes they are exprest in the letters which are found in the sayd Monasterie dated in the yeere of our Lord 1052. and seene by Garibay By the like perswasion Castiâ—le D. Fernand King of Castille built the Church of Saint Isidore in the city of Leon. And to make that place of more authority hee resolued to get his body which hee thought was yet in the city of Seuile where he had beene Bishop for this cause hee proclaimed warre Exploits of D. Fernand and the Moores against Almuncamus called by others Benabet Aben Amet who at that time was King there wasting and spoyling his country on this side the riuer of Guadiana towards Portugal where hee tooke the towne of Montmaior and pursuing his enemy he forst him to the like conditions as hee had done Aly Maymon King of Toledo and besides hee made him to deliuer Saint Ifidores bodie or some-thing in steed thereof the which was receiued by D. Auito Bishop of Leon and D. Ordogno Bishop of Astorga which relicke hee caused to bee carried to Leon. This King D. Fernand at the sute of his subiects of the Kingdome of Leon caused the towne of Zamora to bee new built which had remayned a heape of stones since the raigne of D. Ramir the third 1054. D. Garcia King of Nauarre did in like manner build the towne of Peralta Detention of D. Garcia King of Nauarre in Castille and other workes And to returne to the hatred which continued betwixt these two brethren it burst forth in the yeere 1054. so as the King D. Fernand beeing falne sicke at Burgos he requited D. Garcia in the like manner for D. Garcia being come vnto him to visit him and to take from him all suspition that hee had attempted against him he was seazed on and caried prisoner vnto Cea D. Garcia Nauarre wrought in such sort with good words and money as his gard suffred him to escape and so being full of wrath and indignation he returned into Nauarre where hee leuied a mighty army of his subiects of Gascons and of Moores allies or mercenaries the which he led by the mountaines of Oca vnto Atapuerca within foure leagues of Burgos VVarres betwixt Nauarre and Castille whereof the King D. Fernand being aduertised he had raysed great troupes in Castille Leon and Asturia to resist him Yet before they came to ioyne in battaile hee did sollicit the King D. Garcia by many messengers to retire intreating
off This victorie made the chief of them which had taken armes against the King to retire giuing the rest occasion to giue ouer the enterprise and then all ioyntly together demanded pardon and obtained it The towne of Zamora beeing as we haue sayd ingaged in this mutinie the King D. Fernand led his victorious armie thither but the Inhabitants yeelded without any difficultie so within few daies these two townes and others by their example returned to the obedience of the king of Leon. 17 This yeare 1181. D. Sancho king of Nauarre Nauarre fortified a little towne called at that time Gasteiz to serue for a barre against the king of Castile and to defend the frontier in the Prouince of Alaua This place being since augmented in circuit and people was called Victoria Victoria built at Alaua a part whereof which at this day is called Villa de Suço was that Bourg of Gasteiz The king granted to his new town the same Lawes he had done to Logrogno correcting and reforming them in some points he gaue many priuiledges to the Inhabitants namely that they should not haue any stranger to bee Iudge or Gouernour ouer them but one borne in the countrie who should be chosen and changed by them if they found him not faithfull and capable the which was called the priuiledge Merino according to the style of the countrie They haue obserued this order in the gouernement of the towne the which is one of the best ordered in Spaine hauing aboue all things beene carefull not to admit any new Christian to publike charges vnlesse he bee of foure descents The reason of this name Victoria was for some victorie obtained in that countrey against the Castillans as it is to be presumed but by the defect of Histories of those times the particularities are not knowne After that this town came vnder the obedience of the kings of Castile they did much inlarge it in circuit and built the foure parishes of Saint Michel Saint Vincent S. Peter and Saint Illefonce or Alphonse It is written of this king D. Sancho the Wise that hauing about this time ouer-runne the territorie of Rioje and Bureua the which D. Alphonso of Castile had taken from him some yeares before and beeing neere vnto Burgos at a place called Atapuerca he gaue a blow with his sword against an Elme for a marke that the limits of Nauarre should extend so farre then returning with an infinite number of cattell and other spoyles as he had a little past the Monasterie of Saint Peter of Cardegna the Abbot of that place who was a reuerent man took the Standard of Cid Ruis Diaz great Grand-father to the king D. Sancho who was buried in that Monasterie mounted vpon a Mulet beeing accompanied by tenne of his Monkes the strongest of which carryed this Standard he made all the hast he could after this armie vntill hee had ouertaken the king before whome he humbled himselfe The king wondring to see these Monkes in this equipage with standard of warre yet he gaue them good reception beeing of himselfe very deuout and demanding what was the reason of their comming the Abbot sayd vnto him That he was Abbot of Saint Peter of Cardegna and that he was come vnto him to beseech him for the honour of Cid Ruis Diaz his great Grandfather who was interred with them and his Standard which he saw in their hands that it would please him to leaue the prey which he carried away The King thought thereon a little in the end he found himselfe so touched with the remembrance of Cid Ruis and the deuotion and great reuerence he bare vnto the religious as he left this great bootie which hee had made to restore it to the owners wherewith all men were not content The quarrels betwixt the kings of Castile and Nauarre continued long Castile although by fits they had some rest but it was a counterfeit peace or a feate of warre Logrogno and Aguisejo were by some accord made betwixt these Princes as neuters betwixt Nauarre and Castile in the hands of Ramir de Barea but the citty of Calaorra was held by a knight called Don Diego Ximenes in the name of Don Alphonso king of Castile And for that the warres betwixt these Christian Princes were very dishonorable and preiudiciall to religion whereof they carryed the title Pope Lucius the third then raigning sent a Cardinall Legat into Spaine to reconcile them who vsed great diligence but not with such effect as he desired The kings of Castile and Arragon had an interview and he of Arragon past to Saint Iames to visit the Apostles Sepulcher This Legat did set downe an order betwixt these two kings for the conquest of the Moores countrie whereunto hee did animate these Princes and assigned to Arragon that which lyes from Valencia towards Cattelogne and the rest to Castile with which diuision the kings of Arragon which came after were not well content so as they were faine to make a new diuision extending the iurisdiction of Arragon vnto Alicant this happened since in the raigne of Don Pedro. 18 This king Don Alphonso of Arragon Arragon hauing about that time held a Prouinciall Councell at Tarragone in Cattelogne made a decree among other things That from thence foorth the Notaries should not set downe the yeares of the raigne of the Kings of France in any contract which should be made in Cattelogne as they had till then obserued but onely the yere of the Incarnation of our Lord Iesus Christ which was that they would no more acknowledge the soueraigntie of France of whom Cattelogne and the Countie of Barcelone did hold and depend This King D. Alphonso finding himself mightie and hauing a good share on this side the mountaines busied himselfe in the French warres taking part with the factions which were among the Noblemen of that nation and yet was neuer in very good tearmes with Castile but for his own profit yet he maintained himselfe wisely in his countrie and with reputation 19 Don Alphonso Henriques being very old Portugall An. 1183. and at the graues brinke thought what was fit for his soules health as he had beene instructed he procured in the yeare 1183. to haue the bodie of Saint Vincent transported to Lisbone the which they sayd was in that countrie called Algarbo on the holy promontorie the which hath beene since called by reason of this relique Cape Saint Vincent he was borne at Sarragossa The king went twise in person to Cape S. Vincent beeing 89. yeares old for the remouing of this bodie the which he placed in the Cathedrall church at Lisbone This Prince was so religious and so great a benefactor to the Clergie as besides the three Monasteries of S. Croix of Coimbta of Alcouasa and of S. Vincent at Lisbone hee built the great Cathedrall church of that cittie and that of Ebora indowing them with greatreuenues The queene Donna Malfada his wife carrying the like zeale
Extremadura with whome hee was in League There is no doubt but Don Alphonso king of Arragon would haue beene a partaker in this Inuasion of Castile Arragon if death had not preuented him in the same yeare 1196. He died in Perpignan hauing raigned three and thirty yeares eight moneths and some dayes and was buried in the royal Monasterie of Poublette which he had founded whose sonne and successor Don Pedro thought it more safe to leaue the allyance of the kings of Nauarre and Leon to ioyne with Castile in whose defence and preseruation he employed himself faithfully against the two others so as D. Alphonso the Noble had by this support meanes to stay the furie of his enemies and to keepe his countrie and fronter townes During these quarrels amongst Princes Castille the Clergy was not idle for the same yeere D. Rederigo Bishop of Calaorra desirous to see the church of Saint Dominike de la Calsada which Temple he had caused to be built made an Episcopalsea Dissention among the Ciergie would needs place Chanoins there which caused great troubles for this seemed an attempt against father Lopes Abbot of the Monastery of Saint Mary the royal of Nagera who pretended to be Bishop of Nagera On the other side D. Roderigo maintained that there was no other Bishop hauing iurisdiction at Nagera but hee of Calaorra The contention was great and drew neere vnto a scandale but the King did so imbrace the cause as information beeing made of the Abbots life and manners hee was depriued by the Kings sentence from all Ecclesiasticall gouernment and banished the realme of Castille this the King did by the aduice of the Bishops which held against the Abbot who being dislodged was soone after followed by all the Monkes whom the Bishop Roderigo chased away not onely aspiring to the Episcopal title of Nagera which was in this Monastery but also to that which did belong vnto the Abbay who in steed of Monkes placed Chanoins at Saint Mary the royal but the King disliking the violent course of this Prelat restored the Monkes to their Monastery and the Chanonis were remooued to the church of Saint Dominike which was a signe of the future translation of the Episcopal sea of Nagera thether which was the marke whereat the Bishop of Calaorra aymed but it was not so soone effected remayning onely for the present a Colledge of Chanoins for the which the Abbot and Monkes of Nagera commenced sute against the Bishop of Calaorra the which continued long 28 King D. Alphonso being troubled by the Christians armed and disarmed both secular and Clergie An. 1197. was also assailed in the yeere 1197. by the Miralmunim Aben Ioseph who came and laied siege to Toledo causing his horsemen Moores to runne as farre as Madrid and Ahala de Henares who ouer running the country spoiled Ocagna Vcles and Cuenca destroying all they found without the walles of townes and forts but at that time the Arabians made other purchase Moores spoile Toledo and Castille for seeing the strength of the city and beeing aduertised of the great garrison and many Inhabitants which were within it they returned into Andalusia by Alcaras carrying with them an incredible number of Christians of cattaile and other spoiles wherefore King D. Alphonso seeing himselfe freed from this daunger resolued to imploy the Souldiars which hee had gathered together and the alliance which hee had with D. Pedro King of Arragon to bee reuenged of the Kings of Nauarre and Leon who had spoiled his country during the troubles and calamiries which he suffred by the Moores Hee therefore led his army first into the territories of Leon D. Alphonso King of Castille in â—aâ—es Leon and Nauarre where hee tooke Bolanos Castrouerde Valence and Carpio he put many Leonois to the sword and repulsed the Moores their allies who came to succor them Hauing punished him hee turned against Nauarre but he was forced to leaue that enterprise to make head against the Miralmunim Aben Iosephe who aduanced againe towards Toledo with greater forces then before making shew to besiege that city yet he past by Magueda where hee did the like but finding those places very strong and well fortefied hee turned to Saint Olalla the which hee tooke and razed hee attempted Talauera in vaine and past into the territory of La Vera where he tooke Plaisance then beyoud Tayo hee tooke Saint Croix Montanges and Trugillo Hauing made this spoile and committed horrible cruelties hee returned very rich with his army into Andalusia An. 1198. in the yeere 1198. which was the greatest persecution which the Christians of Toledo and other places aboue mentioned did euer suffer since the entry of the Arabians into Spaine the which grew by the warre which D. Martin Archbishop of Toledo had made in Andalusia wherein it may bee God would make it knowne that hee tooke no pleasure to haue the Pastors of the church play the captains and conductors of armies for the which notwithstanding D. Martin and his Predecessor Iean are much commended by the Spaniards which haue written the History of that age The Kings of Castille and Arragon Leon. hauing not yet forces sufficient to resist so mighty an army as that of Aben Ioseph kept themselues in the mountaines of Palomera about Auila from whence they returned against the King of Leon hearing that the Moores were dislodged from whom they tooke Alba de Liste and al that was in the way vnto Astroga the which hauing ruined they came laied siege to Salamanca but they tooke it not only they spoiled and burned the country about it and that of Alba de Tormes carrying away the people and leauing it desolate in the end they tooke Montreal and returned victors finding not any one to make head against them And such was the desire of King D. Alphonso to bee reuenged of the Kings of Nauarre and Leon as the better to effect his will hee neglected the iniuries and spoiles hee had receiued from the Miralmunim and made a truce with him whereby hee gaue meanes to this King of the Moores to commit horrible cruelties in Portugal in the yeere of our Lord 1199. An. 1199. This Realme of Portugal was at that time visited with many afflictions Portugal for besides the spoiles committed by the Moores there was an extreame famine with a great plague whereof many died for hunger and many left their country especially in the country of Braga and Porto besides the Pope did interdict the whole Realme of Portugal for the marriage of D. Theresa with the King of Leon her kinsman the which was concluded without his dispensation The Moores spoile portugal and therefore he would dissolue it Aben Ioseph hauing made a truce with the King of Castille marched towards Portugal where hee recouered Sylues in Algarbe and Alcaçar de Sal he ruined Cezimbra and Palmela with other places burning and spoyling all the champian country
King D. Sancho vntil that their victuals beganne to faile them During this siege the Deputies of the Prouince of Guipuscoa came to D. Alphonso King of Castille making offer that if he would goe thether in person they would yeeld vnto him hauing long desired to bee vnited to the crowne of Castille for that they were ouercharged by the Kings of Nauarre whose fortunes they had followed seuentie seuen yeeres This offer was very pleasing vnto D. Alphonso as a matter of great aduantage wherefore leauing D. Diego Lopes de Haro to continue the siege of Victoria he went in person to Guipuscoa which Prouince put it selfe vnder his protection Guipuscoa yeelded to the King of Castille and of the Kings of Castille vpon certaine conditions and deliuered into his hands the forts of Saint Sebastien and Fontaraby with the castle of Veloaga which is in the valley of Ojarçun which frontierd vpon France a fit place to assure him a passage if need were into Guienne which was then held by the English for that hee had married a Princesse of England Besides these places they gaue him the castle of Athau vpon the frontiers of Nauarre which is now ruined the castle of Achoros Val du L'eniz and the castle of Arrasate called at this present Mondragon vpon the frontiers of Biscay with the fort which was then built vpon the mountaine of Helosua the ruines whereof are to bee seene at this day which mountaine is in the iurisdiction of the towne of Vergara and is otherwise called Arizona This D. Alphonso King of Castille obtained this prouince of Guipuscoa without force and so returned wonderfully content to the siege of Victoria which continued stil the besieged hauing spent al their victuals who by daily messengers did sollicit D. Sancho their King aduertising him of their extremity whereby they should be forced to fall into their enemies hands if hee did not preuent it but hee beeing ignorant of all that had past in his country beeing absent ill disposed and without good councell aduised them to yeeld vnto the King of Castille vpon the best conditions they could Hauing receiued this answere the besieged held out senenteene daies longer attending if the King had not taken some better aduice but seeing there came nothing from him whereby they might hope of releefe Victoria taken by the King of Castille beeing extremely prest with hunger and want of all things they yeelded the towne the which for the scituation and fortification was held impregnable By the taking of Victoria the King of Castille was maister of that other Prouince of Alaua the country of Araya yeelded vnto him he tooke Irrurita Maragnon Saint Croix and all the valley of Campeso King D. Alphonso made this goodly conquest in the yeere 1200. part by force and part by a voluntary yeelding and did greatly diminish the realme of Nauarre although that some places submitted themselues againe vnder the obedience of the King D. Sancho neither did the Prouince of Alaua euer receiue any law from Castille except Victoria and Treuigno To assure himselfe the better of the Guipuscoans and to gralifie them also the King of Castille caused to bee re-edefied vpon the sea coast of that Prouince the townes of Guetario and Motrico the which hee did fortifie and indow with great preuiledges after all these things the King of Nauarre arriued at Carthagena and slipt through Arragon into his country bringing great treasure with him out of affrike at what time D. Alphonso had newly besieged Estella the which was freed from siege vpon the bruite of his comming so great power and reputation hath the name of a king that is present but if he had staied longer in Affrike his country of Nauarre had beene wholy lost Nauarre sends Ambassadors to Castille hauing visibly seene the great harme which the King D. Alphonso had done him hee sent Ambassadors vnto him to desire him to restore him that which hee had taken from him in his absence against al law and iustice and against the accustomed manner of making warre in that age full of loyalty but the King of Castille entertained him with delaies and doubtfull answeres 32. Whilst that D. Caâ—â—â—â— Sancho considers of his losses and of the best meanes to repaire them the King of Castille great mighty and redoubted being allied to him of Arragon and hauing a truce for many yeeres with Aben Ioseph hee beganne to repaire the ruines which the Arabians had made he restored the city of Plaisance Bejar and other places of the country ruined he did the like to Mirabel Segura de la Serra Monfredo Moya and many other places of the realme of Toledo hee also built Aquilar del Campe in Castille and moreouer in Guipuscoa he built the towne of Castro d' Ordiales Laredo Saint Ander and Saint Vincent de la Barquera About the yeere 1201. An. 1201. there was a peace treated of betwixt Iohn successor to Richard King of England and King Philip Augustus of France at Boutauant in Normandy by the which amongst other Articles a marriage was concluded betwixt the Infanta D. Blanche the daughter of D. Alphonso King of Castille Marriage betwixt Lewis of France and D. Blanche of Castille and Queene Elenor sister to the King of England with Lewis eldest sonne to Philip and heire of the realme of France for the which Ambassadors were sent from both Kings into Castille they were made sure by a Deputy for Lewis in the city of Burgos with great feasting and state and the Infanta was conducted by the King her father and other Noblemen of Castille vnto the frontiers of Guienne where the Deputies for the French King did receiue her for whose dowry there was assigned by King Iohn her vncle all the places which were in question betwixt him and the French King whereof the sayd French King was in possession in the Dutchies of Normandy Brittaine and Aniou At the same time D. Alphonso King of Leon seperated by the authority of Pope Innocent from D. Theresa of Portugal his wife sent to demande D. Berenguela the King of Castilles other daughter whereof by reason of the discords which were betwixt these two Kings the father made some difficulty yet vanquished by the perswasions and intreaty of Queene Elenor who desired as much to see her daughter weare a crowne as a peace betwixt Castille and Leon he yeelded vnto it and these two Princes meeting to that effect in the towne of Vailledo it the marriage was celebrated assigning her for her dowry the lands taken the yeere before from the king of Leon except Carpio and Monreal which remained to Castille Of this marriage was borne the Infant D. Fernand who succeded in the Realmes of Castille and Leon. Thinke that the Popes dispensation was not obtained for this marriage for being cousin germains remoued children of the vncle and nephew Pope Innocent the third did seperate them In the yeere 1202. Casfille and 1203
Zael or Zaen which were both strong This Zeit Aben Zeit seeing himselfe pursued hee made open declaration of that which he had long before desseigned Zeit King of Valence baptized and making himself vassal to the king Don Iames he became a Christian and was called D. Vincent de Belluis He afterwards married a Lady called Dominick Lopes of Sarragossa of which mariage was borne a daughter called Alda Fernandes who was married to Blaiçe Ximenes d' Arenos 21 The warre of Valentia beeing resolued the Generall of the army vnder the king was D. Blasco Alagon by whose valour and diligence Morelia was taken a place which was held impregnable VVarre in Valence against the Mooâ—es Buriane was also beseeged and with great difficulty taken Peniscola Chiuert Ceruera Polpes Alcalatena Albufera Almenata Vxo Noles Castro Alfandecho Paterna Bulla and other places some by force some by composition and partly by the meanes and intelligences which king Zeit had and by the fauour of such as held his partie came into the power of the king D. Iames so as by degrees hee enuironed the citty it selfe cutting off their victuals and all other commodities In these expugnations they did then vse rammes moouing towers with many stages and other sorts of engins The resistance of the Moores which held Zaens partie was very great neither were they abandoned of their friends nor of the kings raigning in Affricke for twelue gallies and sixe vessels called Zabres of Tunez shewed themselues often as if they would land or assayle the places held by the Arragonois along the coast but without any effect The Estates of Arragon and Cattelogne were assembled at Monçon in the yeare 1236. An. 1236. for the continuance of this warre Estates at Mon son for the war of Valâ—nce and the conquest of Valencia without the which it was not lawfull for the king to vndertake any matter of importance The President at these estates was Pedro Perez Iustice maior of Arragon where there assisted D. William of Montgrin co-adiutor to the Arch-bishop of Tarragone the Bishops of Barcelona Saragossa Vic and Tortosa the Master and Prior of the Templers and Hospitaliers Friar Raymond of Pegnafort a most famous Iacobin Roger Bernard Earle of Foix and Don Fernand the kings vncle D. Ponce Cabrera Earle tutelarie of Vrgel D. Pedro Vgo Earle of Ampurias D. Nugno Sanches Earle of Rossillon D. Gerard Vicount of Cabrera D. William of Cardona D. William and Pedro of Moncada Berenger Puçuert William and Berenger ' Anglesol Bernard Portella Hugues Mataplan sonne to Hugues Galserand Pinos William of Laquila Raymond of Peralta Peter Vicount of Villemuir Raymond VVilliam Odeua Berenger Erille and William Ceruera all Knights and Noblemen of Cattelogne And of the realme of Arragon D. Pedro Cornel Lord Steward Bernard William Garci Romeo Symon Vrrea Artorella Artal de Lune Blasco Alagon Roderigo Lizana Blasco Maza Bâ—renger Gombald Entenza Symon de Foces Assalit Gudalis Fortun Verga Simon Lueza and others The meanes to defray this warre besides the Croisados pardons and indulgences were ordayned to be leuied vpon the people by the Imposition of a custome called Morabetine and the exaction of the Impost for cattell In this assembly it was decreed that all peeces of gold and siluer coyned should be of one goodnes and weight in Arragon and Cattelogne to the obseruation of which Edict for coynes all were bound to sweare that were aboue 14. yeares old During the seege of Valenciâ— many Noblemen and common souldiers strangers French and Englsh came to D. Iames his campe The Authors of the Arragon Historie write that the Kings army at the hottest of the siege might bee 60000. foot and a thousand horse meaning Knights and Masters followed according vnto the Order and Discipline of warre in those dayes by their vassalls besides the forces at sea This warre was long and the seege troublesome yet it was attempted battered and assaulted and the Moores within it brought to so great extremity as Zaen the Vsurper of that Principalitie beeing not yet well setled nor assured of the peoples wils Valâ—ncia takâ—n by the Arragonois abandoned it and retired to Denia The cittie was yeelded the 28. of September 1238. The King Don Iames had in the yeare 1232. beene diuorced from D. Elenor of Castile his wife and yet had declared D. Alphonso their son the lawfull heire of the realmes of Arragon and Maiorca the lands of Cattelogne Vrgeil Montpellier and others appointing for Gouernors of his youth the Bishop of Tarragone the Masters or Priors of the Templers and Hospitaliers and William Ceruera ordayning that he should be bredde vp at Monçon and if he should chance to die then did he substitute vnto his Realmes and Seigneuries Don Fernand of Arragon his vncle and Don Raymond Berenger Earle of Prouence his cousin Notwithstanding the king Don Pedro during this warre of Valencia contracted a new marriage with the daughter of Andrew king of Hungary named Violant Genealogie of Arragon by whom he had a sonne called D. Pedro who was king after him of Arragon and Valencia and Prince of Cattelogne he had moreouer the Infant Don Iaime who was king of Maiorca and Minorca and Earle of Rossillon and Montpellier and a third called Don Sancho who was Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine Hee had also fiue daughters by her D. Isabell married to Philip the third King of France sonne to Saint Lewis D. Violant who was Queene of Castile and Leon wife to D. Alphonso the ninth D. Constance married to Don Manuell brother to the sayd D. Alphonso King of Castile D. Mary and D. Elenor who dyed young The dowrie of Queene Yolant or Violant as Surites writes was ten thousand Markes of siluer and two hundred of gold for her mothers rights Dowry of Q. Yolant for the which the Duke of Austria became answerable Moreouer a portion of the County of Namur in Flanders and the lands and rights which her Predecessors had enioyed in France with certaine places which she did then possesse in Hongarie and others that were fallen to her in Bourgogne by her mothers right and succession This Princesse was conducted to Barcelona in the yeare 1235. by the Bishop of the fiue Churches and a kinsman of his called Cont Denis who remained in Arragon and was the Author of the noble family of Denis which is vnited to that of Vrrez hee had two sonnes Amour and Gabriel Denis Don Pedro the eldest son of Queene Yolant was married young to Constance daughter to Manfroy bastard to the Emperour Frederick the second whom they called Prince of Tarentum which was a degree to attaine vnto the succession of the Realmes of Naples and Sicily Cattelogne freed from the Soueraignty of France and by the marriage of his daughter Isabel with Philip the Hardy sonne to Saint Lewis the French king the Kings of Arragon obtayned as the histories of Spain report a full freedome of the
Don Pedro of Arragon to whome this Princesse gaue a courragious and sharpe answer reiecting this marriage as vnfit and pernitious The Infant Don Iohn the Kings vncle beeing arriued in Granado came to Extremadura and seazed vpon the towne of Pont or Alcantara and then entred into Portugal where by the fauor of the King Don Denis he tooke vppon him the title of King of Castile both of them writing to the Inhabitants of the frontier that they should hold him for their Prince and Soueraigne Lord and Don Denis not content herewith sent to proclaime warre against the Queene D. Maria and Don Henry The wise Queene mother withstood all these dangers and preuented them as well as she could yeelding to the malice of the time resisting some and giuing contentment to others with the least preiudice she could The king of Portugall came to Cite Roderigo whereas the afflicted Queene mother with her sonne and puple were and there they did in some sort renew their old allyanâ—es they imposed silence to the Infant Don Iohn who seemed to relinquish and they did againe conclude a future marriage betwixt the king Don Fernand and D. Constance Infanta of Portugal To these intestine troubles were added the enterprises of the Nauarrois and Arragonois D. Alphonso de 〈…〉 into 〈◊〉 who led by Alphonso de la Cerde calling himselfe King of Castile entred the country by S. Esteuan de Gormas and passing vnto Leon hee was there receiued without any difficultie There Don Iohn who was rebelled againe caused himselfe to be crowned king of Leon diuiding betwixt them the Realmes of Spaine so as Don Alphonso should be king of Castile Toledo Cordoua Murcia and Iaen and the Infant Don Iohn of Leon Gallicia Extremadura and Seuile Into this confederacie entred the Kings of Arragon Consederacy against 〈…〉 Portugal Granado and the Queene D. Violant widow to the king Don Alphonso with whom there also ioyned Philip of France and Nauarre with many Noblemen and Knights of the Countrie in all whose names Don Iames king of Arragon had spent to proclaime warre against the Queene D. Maria and her sonne Don Fernand in the yeare 1269. so as there was a pittifull reuolt in all parts of Spaine these afflicted Princes mother and sonne An. 1296. hauing no entrance into any towne without great difficultie Afer this inuasion of Leon the Nauarrois and Arragonois led by D. Alphonso entred into Sahagun where they crowned him king of Castile and tooke Villagarcia Tordesillas Medina del Riosecco la Mota Villa Fafila with many other places and forts Notwithstanding beeing at the seege of Maiorga a place distant fiue leagues from Sahagun he continued there three moneths and finding no man to make resistance God shewed his power for the plague falling in the Nauarrois and the Arragonois Campe they were forced to rayse their seege and make a truce with the Queene widow to return home who beeing opprest with infinit miseries without counsell ayde or support nâ—t onely made a truce but also sent them linnen carpets and such like things to the end they might carry away the bodies of many Noblemen and Knights which were dead of this contagion Plague in Don 〈◊〉 de la 〈◊〉 campe the more honorably among the which were the Infant D. Pedro of Arragon Don Symon of Vâ—rea and Raymond Anglesol Arragonois giuing commandement that they should suffer them to cary them away without any let or hinderance Thus some retired into Nauarre and others into Arragon The king D. Iames on the other side being entred by the fronters of Murcia had conquered the greatest part of that kingdome Hee of Portugal notwithstanding the conference and league made at Cite Roderigo shewed himselfe in armes vpon the fronter and had spoiled the countrie vnto Simanca and neere to Vailledolit where beeing aduertised of the Nauarrois retreat hee returned also Innâ—sion of Castile by the king of Granado hauing taken most of the places of Alfajates and Sabugal with some othes about those quarters but the king of Granado thinking to effect some great matter in Andalusia was repulsed by D. Alphonso Perez de Guzman Gouernor of that Prouince 16 During these warres many Iewes mooued with feare more then with deuotion turned to the Christian Religion in Spaine whree they had dwellings Synagogues almost in all good townes The occasion was that in the citty of Auila there rose vp a certaine man of the Iewish nation who tearmed himselfe a Prophet with whom another of the town of Aillon thrust on with the like spirit did ioyne who telling of many secret reuelations prophesied vnto the Iewes that the time of their deliuerance did approch The authority of these two personages well knowe was not little among them and therefore they were easily credited and the rather for that they did accompany their preachings and discourses with modestic grauitie and holinesse in their outward behauiour so as these newes running throughout all Spaine the people gaue themselues to prayers fasting almes and all other commendable good workes attending the day of their redemption the which was foretold them by these Prophets and appointed the last day of the fourth moneth on the which sayd they should appeare many signes in heauen with a loud sound of a trumpet Thus hauing past the time in great repentance feare and terrour vnto that day they were throughout all the townes earely in the morning all attired in white before their Synagogues as they are accvstomed to do the day of their expiation to pray vnto God to see those celestiall signes and to receiue their Messias but seeing nothing they returned to their houses whither beeing comes as they say there appeared many crosses on the walles and vpon their garments whereof some made good vse thinking it came from our Sauiour Iesus Christ who reprooued their hardnes of heart and therefore acknowleding the error wherein they had liued receiued the holy baptisme among the which was a great Phisition called Alphonso who did afterwards write against the Iewes obstinacie Others persisting in their impietie did beleeue that these crosses were illusions of the diuell to deceiue them The storme wherewith Castile had beene beaten from Nauarre Arragon Portugal Granado and her owne rebels beeing somewhat pacified the Queene-mother ledde an armie into the country of Leon whereas the Infant D. Iohn raigned and beseeged Paredez and on the other side D. Henry went to the fronters of Granado where hee was defeated and put to flight and without the speedie assistance of Alphonso Perez de Guzman he had beene taken This losse which did much preiudice the Realme of Castile was accompanied with combustions and practises which Don Henry made to the hurt of the king Don Fernand in the city of Toledo and the Diocesse of Auila and Segobia where hauing gathered some troupes together he marched to the campe before Paredez and wrought so as he made them raise the seege vnder colour of holding
and with this army he came and laied seege to Cordoua which had reuolted but not able to take it after some sallies and incounters the Moores returned to Granado and the King Don Pedro to Seuile Yet the King of Granado staied not long before hee returned to Iaen the which hee tooke and burned and came againe and camped before Cordoua but hee dislodged soone and went towards Vbeda where hee did as hee had done at Iaen and making his proffit of these reuolts hee tooke many other places did great spoile in Andalusia and carried away an infinite number of Christians prisoners Townes in Castile yeeld to the King of Nauarre Whilest that Don Henry prest Toledo the townes of Victoria Saluatierra Alaua and Logrogno which held for the King Don Pedro beeing tired wiâ—h the continuall warre which the Guipuscoans and others of their Neighbours which held Don Henries partie made against them they yeelded to Charles King of Nauarre In this reddition the King of Nauarre was much assisted by Don Tello who held Biscay and was then in bad termes with his brother Don Henry They say that the Inhabitants of these townes hauing acquainted the King Don Pedro with their necessities intreating him that hee would not take it ill if they put themselues into the hands of the King of Nauarre who was his friend and allie hee willed them to hold out as long as they could and when as they should bee no more able to defend themselues they should rather yeeld to Don Henry his brother without diuiding themselues from the crowne of Castile then vnto the King of Nauarre who would dismember them from that body moreouer that hee had no reason to gratifie him for hee had not receiued any assured succors from him But it fell out otherwise and the King of Nauarre was seized thereon who to make money at that time sold many preuiledges to the townes of Nauarre and among others to the towne of Viana hee sold the duty called Fousadera and sold them moreouer the place called Agoncillo and the Borroughs of Vrllicilla and Lacagurria with their appurtenances for a certaine sum of money by letters granted at Olite the seuenth of August this yeere 1368. In the meane time D. Henry continued his seege to Toledo the losse whereof D. Pedro fearing he resolued to come and succour it and to raise the seege Hauing therefore left D. Sancho and D. Diego his base sonnes in Carmone with great store of money and precious stones and a good garrison hee marched against the beseegers Being vpon his march hee receiued letters from Aben-Hâ—tin the Moore who foretold him of his approching death yet for all this he staied not The King D. Pedro foretold his death leading in his army three thousand horse whereof fifteene hundred were Moores which the King of Granado had sent him Being come to Montiel and there making some stay hee was abandoned by many of his men whereof D. Henry being aduertised hee thought it time to come to his last tryall which of them two should raigne in Castile wherefore â—e left at the seege of Toledo D. Gomes Mâ—â—riques Archbishop of that city with most of his forces and he with three thousand horse went to incounter the King D. Pedro being resolued to giue him battaile He was ouertaken vpon the way in the towne of Orgaz by Bertrand of Guesclin who being newly redeemed from the English fortenne thousand pounds starling which the French King had paied came to serue him in this conquest with sixe hundred launces Being fortified with this troupe D. Henry marched with all speed and came to Montiel whereof the King D. Pedro who had no good spies did not dreame Defeat of the King D. Pedros men where as his men making a shew of fighting beeing in tumult and confusion as men surprized they were by the councell of Bertrand of Gueselin sodainely charged with such fury as they were all put to flight abandoning their King who seeing himselfe reduced to that extremity shut himselfe into the castle of Montiel which stands vpon the side of a hill aboue the towne Martin Lopes of Cordoua captaine of the men which were within Carmone was vpon the way to come and succor the King D. Pedro but hearing of the defeat of those that were with him and that he was shut vp into the castle of Montiel he returned The Earle D. Henry did presently cast a ditch about the towne and castle of Montiel that his prey might not escape but D. Pedro being beseeged and in want of all things sought to corrupt Bertrand of Guesclin by the meanes of Men Rodrigues of Sanubria promising him the townes of Soria Almacan Atiença Montagu Beça and Seron and moreouer two hundred thousand doublons of gold if hee would vndertake to set him in a place of safety where vnto Bertrand seeming to consent he aduertised D. Henry then hauing giuen an houre and place to Men Rodrigues who was borne at Transtamara to bring forth the King he came out of the castle in the night hauing in his company D. Fernand of Castro and D. Diego Gonçales of Ouiedo and went all armed towards the lodging of Bertrand of Guesclin who came to meet him and said vnto him that it was time to spur but as he was ready to goe to horse Bertrand of Guesclin be traies the King D. Pedro. hee was staied by some that followed Bertrand and forced to come into his tent where hee found D. Henry his brother armed who at the first sight did not know him and beeing aduertised by them that were about him that it was the King D. Pedro his enemy yet was hee in doubt for hee had not seene him in many yeeres The King D. Pedro seeing himselfe betraied transported with fury began to cry out aloude I am I am in deed D. Pedro. Then D. Henry drawing out his dagger stabbed him in the face the King graspled with him and they both fell to the ground but D. Henry vnderneath who being helpt by Bertrand of Guesclin and others freed himselfe and got the King D. Pedro vnder him whom he slue with his dagger Thus D. Pedro King of Castile ended his daies miserably for his excesse and tyranies D. Henry bastard of Castile kils the King D. Pedro. fulfilling the prediction of the Monke of St. Dominike of Calçada whom he caused to burned and of the Philosopher Aben-Hatin His death was in the yeere 1368. the two and thirtith of March for the which many blame Bertrand of Guesclin as hauing falsified his faith and pormise to set him in a place of safety others discharge him saying that the King D. Pedro despayring came and put himselfe rashly into his enemies hands His body was interred in the Monastery of Saint Dominike the Roial at Madrid Hee had raigned nineteene yeers and died beginning the fiue and thirtith of his age D. Fernand alone of that name ninth King of Portugal 23 DVring the warres
treaty of marriage of the Infanta Don Beatrix Queene of Castile and heire proprietarie thereof the Queene Donna Leonora Telles her mother should remaine Regent The chiefe of the Nobilitie of Portugal were of diuerse humours touching the succession of the Realme for some amongst which was the maister of the Knights of Auiz base brother to the deceased King would maintaine the right of Donna Beatrix and called Don Iohn King of Castile her husband Disposition of the Noblemen of Portugal to come and take possession of the Realme which did belong vnto him others did abhorre the Castillans commaund and could not endure that Portugal should bee vnited to Castile The King Don Iohn sollicited by many letters and messages to come into Portugall tooke aduice of his councell whether hee should enter in hostile manner or peaceably The worst councell was followed by him which was force Wherefore he speedily gathered together al the forces hee could and first of all hee staied Don Iohn of Portugall one of the brethren of the deceased King Don Fernand who hauing retired himselfe out of Portugal by reason of the murther of Donna Maria Telles of Meneses and the mallice of the Queene Donna Leonora had serued the crowne of Castile faithfully But fearing least hee should cause some troubles in Portugal hee caused him to bee put prisoner in the castle of Toledo from whence hee was afterwardes remooued to Almonacid three leagues from the citie Hee also caused Don Alphonso Earle of Gijon to bee imprisoned King of Castile caters arme◠〈◊〉 Pâ—â—tugal is not 〈◊〉 wel 〈◊〉 who stirred vppe seditions in Castile and then with those small forces which hee had hee marched to La Garde where hee was receiued by the Bishop of that place but the captaine of the fort would not acknowledge him knowing the diuerse dispositions of the Nobilitie and vnderstanding all the troubles which had happened at Lisbone since the Kings death The Queene widowe did reside in this chiefe Cittie of the Realme beeing assisted by don Henry Manuel Earle of Sintra Vncle to the deceased King by the mothers side by Don Iohn Maister of Auiz and others which did fauour the Queene Donna Beatrix and had set vp the armes of Castile and Portugal quartered as the Don Iohn had taken them but the iealousie which was bred in the hearts of the Noblemen and people by the too great familiarity which was betwixt the widow Queene and Don Iohn Fernandes of Andeyro Earle of Oren mooued the maister of Auiz who remembred still his imprisonment to enter into quarrell with him Earle of Oâ—en the Queene of Portugals Mignon slaine the which proceeded so farre as the Earle was slaine in the Queenes lodging which was at a place called Limonero and instantly as if it had beene a thing premeditated the people of the city fell in such a mutiny as not any one durst burie of the Earle Don Fernandes body in the day time but they were forced to staie till night to put him secretly in the ground at Saint Martins Queene Leonora beeing so amazed Mutiny at Lisbon as shee sought all meanes to flie out of Lisbon And the rage of this multitude was so violent as they fell vpon Don Martin their Bishop who blaming them for their insolencies and rebellion against the Queene they chased him into a tower of his church into the which this poore prelate had fled to saue himselfe from the rage of the people where they beseeged him and entring into the tower cast him downe head-long pouring forth a thousand iniurious words against the Queene Donna Leonora Bishop of Lisbon slaine by the mutines the Earle and the Bishop whose bodie beeing stript they drag'd it by the heeles to the place of Rusio where this miserable spectacle laie all that day and the next night following and then they buried it in the market the furious multitude not suffering in to haue Christian buriall In the meane time the Queene Donna Leonora got away and leauing this mutinous city retired to Alanquer and from thence to saint Iren where as shee vnderstoode that many other townes especially Ebora had done the like taking armes tumultuously against her and her faction At Ebora the heads of the multitude were Vincent Ianes a Taylor and one called Gonç all Ianes who committed strange insolencies as it is the custome of a mutinous multitude Amongst others knowing that the Abbesse of Saint Benet was allied to the Queene Donna Leonora they entred into her Church and pulled her from the Altar holding that which keepes the Hoste in her armes imploring in vaine the aide thereof and the mercie of the commons and so drew her into the market-place where they murthered her most cruelly The Portugall authors write that in that cittie a little femall Infant beeing in the cradell in the house of one Stephen Ianes did rise three times out of her swadling clothes and stretching out the armes Prodigie at Ebora cried Portugal Portugal for the King Don Iohn the which was then ambiguous but afterwardes by reason of the euent was applied to the maister of Auiz who was also called Don Iohn The King of Castile beeing aduertised of all these disorders went to Saint Iren to his mother in law about the beginning of the yeere of our Lord 1384. where to free her selfe from trouble and daunger and to gratefie the King her sonne in law An. 1384. shee yeelded vnto him all the right shee had to the Gouernment of the Realme Hether came many Noblemen and Gentlemen holding the partie of the King Don Iohn to doe him homage who by this good beginning conceiued great hope that all would succeed well and wishfully and that hee should restore his mother in law to her dignity Don Iohn of Portugall maister of Auiz a young Prince but vertuous hauing beene prouoked by the dishonest conuersation of the Queene Donna Leonora D. Iohn maister of Auiz alpires to the gouernment of Portugal with the Earle of Oren to the armes knowing the nature of this woman by former experience with the hazard of his life hee would no more fall into her power but aspired to the regencie of the Realme and wholy to depriue both her and the King D. Iohn her sonne in law of all gouernment In this deseigne hee found such fauour and support of the Nobility and townes who had long detested the manners of the Queene and the deceased King her husband as hee had meanes to resist the attempts of the king of Castile and to make himselfe a way to the crowne Act of the maister of Auiz to make the Castillant odious And to make the name of Castile more ordious to them who desired not the vnion of these two Realmes he caused a standard to be made in the which was painted D. Iohn of Portugall his brother a prisoner standing at a grate in the Castle of Toledo causing it to bee displaied in the city of
D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Marquis of Santillana to D. Pedro of Estunig a Earle of Plaisance and to D. Rodrigo Manrique great Commander and who caused himselfe to be called Master of S. Iames to haue them ioyne in this new league against the Constable who was the cause of so much iniustice imprisonments exiles and the confiscations of the goods of so great personages wherunto they seemed willing and it was likely that the Constable would be now ruined but all goodly beginnings haue not the like successe The king of Granado beeing aduertised of all these practises sent to make offer to be of the partie promising to enter into Andalusia with all the forces of Granado to fauor the confederates Whilest these things were working there happened a great tumult in the citty of Toledo Sedition at Toledo growing by the importune repetition which the Constable made of a million of Marauidis lent vnder colour that the king wanted mony so as an artisan went and rung the bell and put the people into furie in the which a rich Merchant called Alphonso Cotta was slaine and other insolencies committed the which the Constable at that time could not redresse Don Pedro Sarmiento Captaine of the cittie beeing iealous embraced this occasion to make his profite and ioyned with the people pretending the Kings seruice in that he did resist the Constable who was Gouernour of the cittie aboue him where hee committed so many outragious extorsions and thefts as what Pero Lopes of Avala had done before him was nothing in respect of him The King aduertised of this disorder drew neere vnto Toledo to whom they refused the entrie into their gates and Don Pedro Sarmiento sent him certaine vnreasonable Articles to signe if hee would enter wherewith the king beeing wrathfully incensed he caused the city to be sommoned by a King of armes protesting to ruine the Inhabitants if they did not obay to whom they made answere with their shot and artillery vsing words of disgrace and contempt against the King who leauing some companies about the city to cut off their victuals and to anoy them he came to Torrijo whether the Inhabitants of Toledo and Pedro Sarmiento sent Ambassadors to beseech him to take the gouernment of that great city from the Constable whom they termed a tyrant else they should be forced to deliuer it into the hands of the Prince his sonne wherewith the King was more offended then at the refusall they had made for that the Prince D. Henry and he seemed to be diuided so as he made them no answere wherevpon D. Pedro Sarmiento sent to Segobia to the Prince and caused him to come to Toledo The King hearing of this he commanded them that he had left about the city to retire But the Prince desired to enter into Toledo with the good leaue and liking of the King his father Pedro Sarmiento deliuers Toledo to Prince Henry but hee could not obtaine it wherefore he entred as he might and gaue a generall pardon to all men namely to Pedro Sarmiento for all the villanies which he had committed and left him Gouernor graunting him all that he desired promising that he would not send him to the Court nor he should not present himselfe before the King but in his company The Prince staied some time at Toledo where going forth one day a hunting he was aduertised that some treated to deliuer the city vnto the King wherefore he returned speedily and after information some of the offenders were taken and executed and two Chanoins kept in prison In the meane time the King had taken the castle of Benauent and then lost it againe by a surprize which the Earle himselfe made against whom hee prepared an army but the Earle finding himselfe to weake returned to his exile in Portugal The Prince leauing Toledo returned to Segobia and hauing assigned a day to the Noblemen practised by the King of Nauarre and the Earle of Haro at Crugna a house belonging to Pero Lopes of Padilla they there resolued to make ready their men and ioyne all together at an appointed time to beginne the warre against the Constable The Prince was ready and there speedily ioyned with him the Earle of Haro and the Marquis of Santillana but the rest appeered not yea the King of Nauarre was not ready to march so soone wherefore the enterprise was broken off and euery one beeing returned to his quarter the Prince D. Henry reconciled himselfe to the King his father and so did the Earle of Haro and the Marquis of Santillana whereby the treaty of marriage betwixt Prince Charles and the Earle of Haros daughter was broken Notwithstanding all this the King of Castile did not stirre and the frontiers of Castile and Nauarre where reasonably quiet in the yeere 1450. An. 1450. Pedro Sarmienâ—o forced to flâ—e into Arragon for his thefts and yet such as fled into Nauarre and Arragon were there receiued amongst the which was D. Pedro Sarmiento whom the Prince D. Henry was in the end forced to thrust out of Toledo for his violences and treacheries He gratiously commanded him to be gone and gaue him leaue to carrie away all his baggage whereof hee had two hundred moiles or horses laden to the great griefe of the Toledains seeing this theefe thus inriched with their spoiles and to carry it away freely before their faces But Pedro Sarmiento was much more greeued to quit so rich a possession whose fleece was very proffitable God would not permit him to enioy that long which hee had gotten ill for being come with this booty to Segobia they did not onely spoile him but he was forced to saue himselfe by flight in Arragon whether he carried nothing of all his thefts but the sinne and shame thereof By the King of Nauarres permission he dwelt a while in the city of Pampelone with his wife and children poore and needy and scarce could they get a retreat in the towne of Bastide neere vnto Haro The Marquis of Villena following the Constables steps hauing giuen the Prince his maister occasion to be discontented with him he had like to haue beene seized on by the practises of D. Pedro Portocarrero of the Bishop of Cuenca and of D. Iohn de Sylua standard-bearer to the King but he auoided it Afterwards it was pacefied by the marriage of Donna Maria de Pacheco the Marquises daughter and D. Pedro Portocarrero who for that cause was made Earle of Medellin The King fearing new conspiracies to the preiudice of his estate being well acquainted with the Constables arrogancy and misdemeanors he resolued to make some accord with the King of Nauarre to the end hee might haue the Prince his some who was light and inconstant vnited vnto him cutting off all occasions of factions and leagues which might distract him attending a fit oportunity to make the Constable feele his iust indignation whilest this was working D. Henry Henriques the Admirals brother Accord betwixt the
sworne to by the King and the Princes and that for the peace of the Kingdome all crimes and offences how heinous soeuer should be generally pardoned that had beene committed til the Kings present comming into the country re-establishing by full power and royall authority euery man in his honor goods and reputation reuoking and adnulling all sentences and proceedings made to the contrary That all places townes and castles which had beene taken from one an other all offices as wel Ecclesiasticall as secular vsurped since the taking of the castle of Morillo should bee restored to the first lawfull possessors thereof within the terme of seuen monthes excepting the moueables and frutes which were spent reiecting al guifts grants and ingagements made by the King Princes or any other Neuerthelesse herein was not to be comprehended the differences betwixt the Earle of Lerin and Lord Iohn of Beaumont and Charles de Artieda against D. Pedro of Peralta Constable of Nauarre and the Marshall of Nauarre who were enioyned to submit themselues to the Kings obedience within twelue daies after the publication hereof to the end to determine those strifes by way of Iustice vpon paine doing the contrary to be held as contumelious rebels and for such to be pursued and punished as disturbers of the publike quiet That all those who had beene wrongfully imprisoned since the surceance made by the Archbishop of Saragossa the Kings sonne in his name and the Princes should bee released and set at liberty paying their charges That the truce granted by them or their captaines should bee kept as well to strangers as the naturall subiects both in their persons and goods That whatsoeuer had beene taken and retaken to the preiudice of the same truce should be restored and deliuered without other ransome then paying their expences that the promises and obligations made in writing or by word of mouth betwixt the naturall subiects by reason of such prises made since the surcease should be of no effect and the Ecclesiasticall ordinaries should bee admonished to absolue them from their othes made in that behalfe enioyning euery one to set the prisoners at liberty within fifteene daies and not to ganesay this present treaty vpon forefeiture of two thousand royalls of gold to the Kings coffers As concerning the castle of Leguin belonging to the Prior of Rounceual which had beene taken before with great store of goods belonging as well to the prior as the Monastery they who had taken the same goods were enioyned to restore them or the value thereof seeing the Prior had alway beene a faithfull seruant to the King and the Princes That the King and the Princes should sollemnely sweare to cause all the heads and Articles aboue mentioned to bee effectually obserued and kept in euery point These things agreed vpon were published in the castle or pallace of Olita vpon Thursday the thirtith day of May in the yeere 1471. and were receiued by the secretary Iohn of Saint Iordi the Bishop of Oleron taking the oth with promise made by the Princesse Donna Leonora to cause the Earle her husband to confirme these Articles an authenticall coppy whereof sealed with the Earles seale she would send to the King her father At which were present the Bishop of Oleroni Pedro Lord of Ros the Earles Ambassador Frier Bernard Hugh de Rocabertin captaine of the Castle of Amposta Roderigo de Robolledo Gomes Suares of Figueroa and Iohn Payes the Kings Vicechancellor After that the Princesse hauing ample procuration from her husband dated at the Bathes of Caudes Aigues in the valley of Dosan sworne in his name to the Bishop of Oleron to obserue the aboue named couenants in the presence of the captaine of the castle of Amposta Iohn Payes the Vicechancellor and D. Fernand of Baquedan vickar generall of the Church of Pampelona All these capitulations were not of force to cease the troubles of Nauarre which continued along time after As concerning the affaires of Castile King Henry after resolution taken about the marriages of the Princesse his sister Castile and of Donna Ioane in Portugall beeing desirous to set downe some good some of gouernment in his Kingdome called a Parliament at the city of Ocagna where the deputies of the townes and communalties did meete except those of Andaluzia the great Lords of which Prouince were not well pleased with the dealings of the Maister of Saint Iames whereat the King was much mooued but most of al wheÌ„ he vnderstood of the marriag which was intended against his wiâ— betwixt the Princesse his sister and the new King of Sicil Fernand of Arragon which made him now more then before desirous to aduance Donna Ioane whom hee stâ—ll aduoâ—ved for his daughter notwithstanding he hated the Queene her mother by reason of her bad life which he himselfe had taught her wherefore with his owne hand hee wrote a letter to the Pope intreating him not confirme the succession of the Kingdome of Castile sworne to the Princesse Isabella but to grant it to Donna Ioane Hee wrote also to his agent at Rome Doctor Roderigo de Vergara borne in Logrogna and likewise to King Alphonso of Portugal to the end that he should make the like request to the Pope this was not done so secretly but that the Archbishop of Siuill had notice thereof who had it not beene for feare of the Maister of Saint Iames who delt in this businesse would willingly haue dashed that matter The King leauing Ocagna came to madrid where hee found Iohn Fernandes Galindo captaine and gouernor of the fort of Madrid and keeper of his treasures sicke to death at whose entreaty hee gaue the charge of the fort and of that which was in it to Andrew of Cabrera his Steward whom hee did dayly aduance and made partaker of his greatest secrets The city of Leon about that time had like to haue beene surprised by Diego Fernand de Quignones Earle of Luna but the practize being discouerd Aluar Garcia Citizen of the same towne with whom the Earle had intelligence was taken and beheaded as a traitor At the intreaty of the Maister of Saint Iames the King returned to Ocagna where hee gaue the title of Marquis of Villena to Diego Lopes Pacheco his eldest sonne Diego Lopes de Pacheco sonne to the Maister of Saint Iames made Marquis of Villena a braue knight who soone after Married the Countesse of Saint Stephen de Gormas daughter to Don Iohn de Luna Earle of Saint Stephen and grand-child to the Constable Aluar de Luna who was in the keeping of the Maister of Saint Iames who was at the same time confirmed in his Maistership by the Pope and possessed more riches then any Lord of Spaine The King of Portugall sollicited by King Henry about the marriage of the Princesse Donna Isabella sent his Ambassadors the Archbishop of Lisbone and two other Lords who were at the Court more then twenty daies without concluding any thing by reason that the
Iames died of a canker at Segobia and it is reported that shee beeing a wise and vertuous Lady did greatly reprooue her husbands extreame ambition and that at her death she made him sundrie remonstrances which tended greatly to his honour and commoditie and the preseruation of his house shee did greatly aduise him to maintaine the King in his honour and reputation towards whome hee had insolently behaued himselfe and most commonly without respect to the great griefe of all the great Lords of Spaine whereuppon the Master made her many faire promises of amendment which after her death were soone forgotten therefore considering with himselfe that hee was now a widdower and badly beloued he thought it expedient for him and greatly profitable for his affaires in hand Master of S. Iames allyes himselfe with the house of Velasco to marrie againe and to strengthen himselfe with some good allyance wherefore he bended his thoughts vppon the houses of Mendoza and Velasco rich and mightie families the chiefe of which hee hauing sounded and practised there was a meeting betwixt Segobia and Pedraza by the Bishoppes of Siguença Palença and Burgos the Earles of Haro Medina Celi and the Master who agreed vpon a marriage betwixt the sayd Master and the Earle of Haros daughter wherewith the king was well pleased The marriage was afterward sollemnized at Pegnafiell a place belonging to the Earle of Vregna who was Nephew to the Master By this allyance the Bishop of Siguença was pacifyed came to Court and had promise of the Kings fauour for his obtayning of a Cardinals hat whereon he dreamed day and night from Pope Sixtus the fourth newly elected who was borne in Sauona of the family of Rouero a Friar and Cardinal of the title of Saint Peter ad vincula whose Legate Roderigo Borgia Bishop of Albi and Cardinall of the title of S. Nicholas in carcere Tulliano Rodrigo Borgia Cardinal◠Vice-chancellour of the sea of Rome who afterward was Pope came this yeare 1471. into Spayne where hee was receiued at Madrid by King Henry with all the honour and submission that a seruant or an obedient sonne could vse towards his superiour and father as also in all places as hee came by the way as soone as he was entred into Castile especially when hee arriued in the territories belonging to the Mastershippe of Saint Iames hee went vnder a rich canopie the King beeing on his left hand yet a little behind him Hauing then declared his legation and shewed his faculties which were to visit the Kingdome of Castile and the Isles neere adiacent to ordayne what was necessarie for the Church of Rome the King shewing himselfe very obedient and willing hee deputed the Licenciate Diego Henriques his Chronicler Chaplaine and Councellour to accompanie and conferre with him about these matters At the intreatie of the King and the Master of Saint Iames the Legate dispatched a message to Rome for the Bishoppe of Siguença's hatte An. 1472. this was in the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty two When the Court and the Legate came to Segobia there was made a generall assembly of the Commissioners of euery Cathedrall Church of Spaine where a certaine Subsidie was graunted to the Pope which was the principall cause of his Legation in recompence whereof the Legate bestowed pardons and indulgences vppon euery place with measure and proportion according to euery mans qualitie and besides did ordaine to euery Church two Channonries the one for a Diuine the other for a Chanonist the which should be giuen by the Bishops and Chapters Some neuerthelesse namely of those which did cleaue and adhere to the partie of the Princes Don Ferdinand and Donna Isabella did not appeare at this assembly in the number of whom was Don Inigo Manrique Bishop of Coria who requested the legate to come to Valiodolit saying that they were to conferre with him about matters touching the succession of the kingdomes but the King perswaded him to the contrary accusing the Princes and their followers of many matters The Legate neuerthelesse went to Alcala to visit the Princes who remained there with the Archbishop of Toledo by whom he was sumptuously receiued and with great pompe as also in Guadalajara the Marquis of Santillanas house where hee remained a certaine space with the Marquis and the Earles his bretheren The impieties superstitions thefts rapines and other insolencies vsed at that time among the Christians in Spaine Enormous sins cause those newly conuerted to returne to Iudaisme namely the Prelates and Church-men were so scandalous to all men as diuerse newe Christians who were conuerted from Iudaisme to the profession of Christianity being constrained more by the rigor of the lawes then perswaded by wholesome doctrine and good examples began to returne to Iudaisme not being able to beleeue by humaine reason that the religion professed by such detestable people could bee the true The remedy applied to this mischiefe was the same which arrogant men and such as hate correction Massacre of the new Christians and are desirous to liue in their errors and corruptions doe commonly vse namely the sword massacres and all manner of excesse For in the Citty of Cordoua insteed of bringing back these straies by meeknesse holinesse of life and such like examples which is the duty of the ministers of the Church they did let loose the bridle to the rash mutinous people who made a cruell slaughter of them and spoiled their goods Those of Iaen followed this example against whom the Constable Michaell Lucas d' Irançu opposing himself The Constable Don Michael Lucas de Iransu murthered by the people was most inhumainly murthered in the Cathedral Church by the enraged multitude The like cruelties and robberies were committed in Andujar and other places of Andaluzia wherewith King Henry was extreamly discontented but being faint-harted and of no courage in these matters hee did no more punish the murtherers then the Pastors were diligent in seeking out fit Christian meanes to bring back these Apostata's into the right way The office of Constable was giuen to Don Pedro Velasco Earle of Haro the Kings great Chamberlaine D. Pedro de Velasco made Constable of Castill at the intercession of the Maister of Saint Iames his Sonne in law the which dignity hath euer since euen till our time continued in that family The King like-wise gaue the seales of his Chancery to the Bishogge of Siguença The King finding that Donna Ioane his supposed daughter had very ill successe in her treaties of marriage resolued to bestow her vpon Don Henry Sonne to the Infant Don Henry who was Maister of S. Iames brother to Don Ferdinand Infant of Castile which was King of Arragon who at the same time remayned in the Citty of Barcelona from whence hee caused him to come secretly into Castile This Prince who by the commandement of King Iohn his vnckle was called in his dominions the Infant of Arragon and by
him to see the Cardinall of Spaine whome he hated to be in so great credit and authoritie by their meanes for these respects hee left the Court beeing accompanied by Hernando Alarçon his familiar Councellour the great and renowned Alcumist of those dayes The king and Queene beeing come to Vailliodolit Hernando Alarcon by the way of Medina del Campo the mote or fort whereof they left in the keeping of the Duke of Alua they were visited by diuers Deputies of Townes and Citties who came to do them homage and to offer them all dutie and obedience In the meane time the Marquis of Villena importuned the king of Portugall to marrie Donna Ioane with the kingdome for her dowrie or else to defend her as an Vnkle assuring him that hee should find readie to do him seruice himselfe the Master of Calatraua the Earle of Vregna the Marquis of Cales his brother-in-law Don Alphonso of Aguilar the Earle of Benauent and also the Dukes of Areualo and Albuquerque and the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo together with fourteene of the chiefe Citties of Castile who wanted but a head who at his first arriuall would furnish him with fiue thousand Lances with other forces and meanes And among these bargaines hee demaunded of King Don Alphonso diuers great gifts and aduancements both for himselfe and for others The king of Portugall hauing consulted with his Councell about this businesse Practises of the Marquis of Villenain Portugal notwithstanding that their opinions were diuers and contrarious yet hee sent Commissioners to treate of this marriage with Donna Ioane his Neece and by Ruy de Soça his Ambassadour hee willed king Don Fernand and Queene Izabella to giue ouer freely vnto him the kingdomes of Castile and Leon the which they did vniustly possesse and inherit in regard they did belong and appertaine to D. Ioane whome the Ambassadour called Queene saying that if they had any right or interest in those Realmes they should submit themselues to the tryall of lawe and that hee would lay downe his armes so as they would dispossesse themselues and leaue the kingdomes in the hands of a third person and if they should refuse so to do hee then tooke God for witnesse and iudge that he was not the author of those miseries which should ensue Vntill that time king Don Alphonso had liued and raigned in great credit magnificence and reputation and with good and happie successe in his affaires concerning his State but the couetous and greedie desire hee had to raigne in Spayne by the meanes of Donna Ioane whome hee had oftentimes reiected and refused as beeing assured and confidently resolued that shee was not lawfull daughter to the late king Henry did cast him head-long into a gulph of miseries by the vnluckie and intestine warres which hee tooke in hand by her meanes against the Kings Fernand and Izabella who by the aduice of their Councell did wisely answer his demaunds shewing him that there was no reason in that which hee went about and that he ought to call to mind the cause why hee had refused Donna Ioane in King Henryes life-time whose daughter hee very well knew shee was not and that therefore they did greatly meruaile at that which hee now beganne to attempt and they did likewise protest not to bee guiltie of any miseries which follow warre beeing determined by all meanes to defend and protect their kingdomes The King and Queene finding hereby Castile that warre would follow they did seeke by all meanes to giue contentment to the Marquis the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo and others on whome those affaires depended but their labour was in vaine The Arch-bishoppe shewed himselfe most obstinate who among other furious speeches sayd that he would teach the King and Queene what it was to offend the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo Audarious speech of the Archb. and no perswasions nor intreatie of Don Pedro of Acugna Earle of Buendia his brother nor of other graue and religious persons could alter his determination but hee did still with great obstinacie persist in that which Hernando Alarcon had suggested Therefore on either side great preparitions of warre were made and the Kingdome was in such sort diuided as diuers who seemed to be desirous of quiet gaue occasion to haue their loyaltie called in question souldiers were leauied euery where and diligent watch was kept in all the Citties Townes and Castles some taking the Kings and Queenes part others adhering to the King of Portugall who aduertised his Partisans that hee would shortly come into the Countrey with a great army The King Don Fernand and Queene Izabella diuided betwixt them the charge of the defence of the Kingdomes so as King Fernand should haue a care of that part which was toward the North that is to say old Castile Leon and the countries next adjacent and Queene Izabella should looke to those Regions and Prouinces which are beyond the mountaines namely Toledo Andalusia and Murcia shee was accompanied by Don Pedro de Velasco the Constable Dutch is of Infantasgo Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza who was created Duke of Infantasgo and by Don Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua by the way shee caused the Arch-bishoppe to be founded once againe who lay at Alcala sending the Constable vnto him who was a wise and discreet Knight who did so well handle the matter as the Arch-bishop had condiscended to the Queenes demaunds had not Hernando Alarcon and his associates perswaded him to the contrarie King Ferdinand beeing desirous to haue the Citties of Salamanca and Zamora to take a new oath of allegeance went thither and would willingly haue exacted the like from them of Toro but hee would not hazard his person in going thither albeit that Roderigo de Vlloa his chiefe Treasurer had the Castle in his power for not long before his elder brother Iohn de Vlloa had made himselfe Master of the Cittie whither he had drawne diuers leude persons who fearing punishment for their many heinous crimes did shadow themselues vnder his protection who for his owne part did greatly tyrannize in the citty and had newly caused the Licenciate Roderigo of Valdiuiesso to bee hanged foorth at the windowes of his owne house and had moreouer receyued money of the king of Portugall at whose seruice and deuotion he kept the same place The Cardinall of Spaine did at the same time write to King Don Alphonso alledging many reasons to diuert him from a warre so dangerous and vncertaine but the King in his answer wanted no contrarie reasons Queen Izabella in the meane time furnished Toledo with Garrisons and placed Don Roderigo Manriques Earle of Paredes for an assistant there who tearmed himselfe Master of Saint Iames and hauing by her presence well ordered that Cittie and by letters and commaundements other places of Andalusia and Murcia shee returned to Vailliodolit At the same time the Inhabitants of Alcarras rebelled against the Marquis of Villena and craued ayde of Don
Roderigo Manriques against the Marquis who intended to beseege them the which they obtayned moreouer the King and Queene sent vnto them the Bishop of Auila and the Lord of Coca and Alaexos who were both of them called Alphonso de Fonseca The Marquis fearing least other places might reuolt by the example of Alcarras solicited the Kings of Portugall to make hast and hauing taken Donna Ioane whome he termed Queene out of Escalona hee brought her by Trugillo vnto Plaisance whereas King Alfonso of Portugall arriued with an army of fiue thousand horse The army of Portugall entreth into Castill of all sorts and fifteene thousand foote Hee was attended on by the Archbishoppe of Lisbone the Bishoppe of Ebora and Coimbra and many other Prelats and Church-men who are alwaie desirous to bee where stirres and tumults are albeit the true followers of Christ Iesus haue peace in greatest recommendation more-ouer there were with him the Constable and Marshall of Portugall the Duke of Bragança and his brother the Earle of Faro the Earles of Villa-real Penela Marialua and Pegnamaçor with a great number of other Nobility desirous to serue their King to winne honour and to encrease their estates by the enlargement of so great a conquest as they hoped to make vpon the Kingdomes of Castile and Leon with the teritories annexed there-vnto the most part of whome hauing vpon this vncertaine ground sold or morgaged their lands and liuings The King of Portugall and Donna Ioane were betrothed each to other in the Citty of Playsance The king of Portugall and Donna Ioane betrothed each to other protesting to craue a dispensation from the Pope there were present Don Diego de Estuniga Duke of Areualo and his brother the Earle of Miranda and King Alfonso and Donna Ioane were at that act and ceremony called and intitled King and Queene of Castile and Leon. King Alfonso at his departure out of Portugal least his Sonne the Prince Don Iohn Regent and gouernor there Geneologie of Portugal who was newly made father to a Sonne by his wife Donna Leonor who was named Alfonso being borne at Lisbone in the yeare 1475. An. 1475. King Fernand and Queene Isabell did like-wise intitle themselues Kings of Portugall and of the Algarues and either-fide did beare the armes of both the Kingdomes indifferently The gouernors of the frontiers were commanded to inuade one another which they readily executed with great cruelty and to the great spoyle of the realme of Portugall the people of Castile putting all to fire and sword that were neere to their borders especially on the coast of Badajos where the Castle of Nodar was taken from the Portugalls and Martin de Sepulueda one of the foure and twenty of Siuill was made gouernor thereof who from thence made sharpe warre vpon the Portugois and yet in the end hee proued scarce faithfull to his Kings Don Alfonso of Montroy Treasorer of the order of Alcantara who seemed him-selfe Maister thereof did on the other-side winne Algretta In like manner Don Alfonso de Cardegna great commander of Leon who called him-selfe maister of Saint Iames did with sundry troupes of horse forrage and spoile the fronters of Portugall and brought great booties from thence Don Pero Aluares de Soto mayor shewed him-selfe on the King of Portugalls side and tooke Tuy calling him-selfe Vicount thereof and tooke also Bayon of Minio sundry other exploits of warre with burning of houses and robberies were committed on the frontiers by this enraged multitude Now the king of Portugall did perceaue that the warre was likely to last longer and bee more difficult than hee had expected and almost despairing of ending it with honour vnles hee had the aide and supply of some greater power hee sought by all meanes to incite the French King Lewis the leauenth to breake his alliance with the Kings of Castile Toro deliueâ—ed to the King of Portugall and to assaille them on that side of Guipuscoa the which hee obtayned as hereafter shal be mentioned In the meane time hauing receiued the Citty of Toro by the treason of Iohn Vlloa hee assayled the Castle and tooke it by force and by the like treason made him-selfe Maister of Zamora the which was deliuered vnto him by Iohn de Porras one of the chiefe cittizens thereof whose Sonne in law named Alfonso de Valencia beeing Mashall was Captayne of the Castle who had rather trust to the vncertaine promises of the King of Portugall Zamâ—ra in the power of the King Portugal than respecting his owne honour relie vpon the offers of King Fernand and Queene Isabell from Zamora King Alfonso came backe to Toro where his new betrothed wife and her mother Queene Ioane lay who was sister to this King who dyed about that time and was very honorably buried at Madrid in the monastery of S. Francis The Kings Fernand and Izabella greatly apprehending the wrongs and losses which they daily sustained they hasted on their subiects and souldiers to suppresse the Portugois or else to fight with them Great numbers of Lords Knights and men at armes came to Vailliodolit where the whole bodie of the armie from all places of Spayne was assembled Andalusia excepted in which Prouince the quarrell did still continue betwixt the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales and betwixt the Earle of Cabrera and Don Alphonso of Aguilar and there was some likeli-hood that the Marquis and Don Alphonso would take the Marquis of Villena's part their brother-in-law The men of note that were come to Vailliodolit were these Don Pedro Gâ—nçal of Mendoza Cardinall of Spayne and his breethren Don Diego Hurtado of Mendoza Duke of Infantasgo Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoza Earle of Tendilla Don Lorenzo Suares Earle of Crugna Don Pedro de Velasco Constable of Castile Don Alphonso Henriques high Admirall Don Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua Don Roderigo Alphonso Pimentel Earle of Benauent Don Henry Henriques Earle of Alua de Lista Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno Don Iohn Manrique Earle of Castagneda and his brother Don Gabriel Manrique Earle of Osorno Don Pedro Aluares of Osorio Marquis of Astorga D. Diego Lopes Sarmiento Earle of Salinas Don Pedro of Mendoza Earle of Montagu D. Alphonso d'Areillan Earle of Aguilar Don Pedro of Acugna Earle of Buendia with other Lords ecclesiasticall and temporall Don Bertrand de la Cueua Duke of Albuquerque remayned neuter knowing not how to resolue he would willingly haue adhered to the King of Portugall who was to bee husband to her who was reputed to be his daughter but he durst not yet for all that at the last he tooke the partie of king Fernand and Queene Izabella by meanes whereof diuers did take their parts who before that time were doubtfull what to do Garcy Lopes of Padilla Treasurer of Alcantara who was the last Master of that Order and Don Diego of Castile with diuers Knights and Commanders came to the Kings and Queenes
Donna Leonoras future succession to the same with her grand-child Francis Phoebus Earl of Foix and some are of opinion that the townes and fortes of Saint Vincent Garda Bernedo Arcos The father the sonne cut off diuers places from the kingdome of Nauarre Larraga and Miranda de Arga were at the same time wholy cut off from the crowne of Nauarre in recompence of the charges which Don Fernand had beene at for the warre of Perpignan with an agreement that the customes rights and priuiledges which they had should for euer bee maintained but seeing it is certaine that a long time before this assembly Saint Vincent La Garde and Arcos were possessed by the King of Castile it is most likely that they were at that time onely confirmed vnto King Don Fernand. They did likewise intreate of many matters belonging to the Kingdoms of Arragon and Sicil and then they returned each of them into his owne Dominions and the King of Castile did neuer more after that see his father who spent the smal remainder of his daies at Barcelona afflicted with the goute and other diseases which doe ordinarily accompany old men King Don Fernand returned vnto the campe before Castro Nugno Castro Nugno yeelded to king Fernand. which was very faithfully and valiantly defended by the captaine Nicholas de Abendagno of Villareal in the Prouince of Alaua but the great want of victualls and of men those which were with him beeing in part dead and the others were so tired and weakened with watchings wardings and hurts receiued at the assault as they could hold out no longer did constraine him to yeeld vp the same place and yet vpon very honorable conditions for he carried away into Portugall all those that were with him without ransome with their armor weapons and baggage and their ensignes displaied and drummes beating and was greatly praised by the King the fort was presently razed downe to the ground after the rendring whereof the King returned to Siuill to the Queene where order was taken for the well gouerning of the City and expresse commaundement giuen to the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Marquis of Cales not to remaine there Don Iohn de Gamboa Gouernor of Fontaraby and the Licenciat Iohn de Medina both of them of the Kings Councell were likewise dispatched into Guipuscoa with instructions and authority to treat and conclude the peace with the French Kings Ambassadors who were at Bayon Peace betwixt France and Castile These came to Fontarabie and after that both sides did meet at Saint Iohn de Luz where they conferred togither and concluded the peace renuing the alliances leagues and ancient friendship betwixt the two Kingdomes The French Commissioners were the Lord of Lescut and the Abbot of Saint Denis and so the warre ended betwixt France and Castile The King and Queene before their departure from Siuill sent an army to conquer the Canaries vnder the conduct of Pedro de Vera where Nauigations and conquests of the Spaniards in the Oâ—â—an sea for the space of three yeeres diuerse notable exploits of warre were performed by the Castillans Thirty fiue ships were likewise sent to Guiney Pedro de Cobides being their generall from which place great quantity of gold was brought with great proffit for the Kings who had the fifth penny In the first the thing which was most esteemed of that blacke Nation was cockel-shels who were of opinion that they had great vertue against thunder and lightning by meanes whereof they were sold in Spaine at a great rate so as men could hardly get any for money This yeere 1478. the inquisition beganne at Siuill instituted at the first by the Councell of Don Pero Gonçales de Mendoza Archbishop of the same City Inquisition in Spaine against Iewes and Moores did beget the negligences of the Bishops and Pastors against the Iewes and conuerted Moores which did returne to their superstitious ceremonies this Prelate and other deputed for that search thinking that for to conteyne them in the profession of Christianity rigour and ciuill punishment was more expedient then other milder meanes or greater care Beeing content for to take away the occasion of seditions and troubles which grew in the Townes and Prouinces of the Realme against these miserable creatures most commonly at the instigation of Preachers and other Clergy men inciting the people to mutine against them Whereas in deed they ought to haue beene instructed by good and wholesome examples but the Bishops and Pastors had no great care of their soules health for the affaires of State and worldly greatnesse hath so busied them for many ages as they haue not had leysure to eleuate their eyes and minds higher then the earth Since that time the power of the Inquisitions tribunall which is diuided into diuers iurisdictions thorough euery Prouince of Spayne hath beene chiefly banded against those who haue dared to speake against the pompe and pride of the Sea of Rome and the abuses brought into the Church for to entertaine the ease and wealth of the Clergie a gulph which hath swallowed vp many good and honest families Concerning this Inquisition which within awhile made it selfe knowne for a fruitlesse inuention more ample mention shall be made hereafter The King and Queene hauing pacified and ordered the cittie of Seuile left Diego de Merlo there who was a good Knight in qualitie of an assistant and went themselues to Cordoua which was in like manner afflicted by the factions of Don Pero Fernandes of Cordoua Earle of Cabra and that of Don Alphonso d' Aguilar who in the last tumults had driuen the Earles forces out of the cittie and had taken the forts and places thereof which were in the keeping of the Earle detaining them with other places also belonging to the gouernement and iurisdiction of the cittie they and their followers beeing moreouer charged with so many robberies thefts and murthers as the King and Queene had much ado to chastise the offendours The cittie of Cordoua pacified and to restore euery man to his owne Alphonso of Aguilar was driuen foorth of the cittie and the fortresses taken from him Vpon complaint made against the Iudges and Officers of the legall Courts who did greatly exact the King and Queene caused their fees and stipends to bee rated more then which they were not permitted to take vpon payne of forfeiting seuen-fold as much which was executed vppon some who neither feared God nor reuerenced the lawes As these businesses were mannaged in Andalusia The Archb. alway disloyal and seditious the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo who was euer turbulent and desirous of innouation had secret intelligence with the King of Portugall vnto whome hee vndertooke to deliuer the Cittie of Toledo and to kill Don Gomes Manriques assistant there and to the same purpose he had practised with the common people of Toledo and had executed it if the assistant had not been a prouident and polliticke man who hauing
Lord of Palma and of Don Iohn of Estuniga Master of Alcantara Malaga beeing thus beseeged the Kings tent was knowne by the Moores who bestowed many cannon shot vpon it from the citie so as they were constrayned to remooue it behind a little hil The batterie planted to the most conuenient places was great and furious from the Marquis of Cales quarter against the Castle of Gibralfar the which in many places was pierced and ouerthrowne in many places and as soone repayred by the Moores The Marquis hauing taken away the towers which did offend him aduanced his lodging a stones cast nearer to the fort but hee was constrained to returne to his former quarter by the continuall sallies which the Moores made vpon him and his people fighting with such furie as they came to the poynyard and slue the Captaine of Atiença and Inigo Lopes of Medran Lord of Cauagnillas Gabriel of Soâ—tomajor and other valiant men besides diuers hurt in the number of whome was the Marquis who was shot into the arme with an arrow for the Moores fought from a place of great aduantage At this seege two great shippes of warre arriued on the coast of Malaga commaunded by Don Ladron de Gueuara sent from Flanders by Maximilian of Austria king of the Romaines husband to the heire of Bourgondie and father to Philip which was sonne-in-law to the Kings of Castile The Emperor Maximillian sends Artillery and powder from Flanders to the king of Castile who for the seruice of this warre did send these two vessels laden with diuers peeces of brasse Ordonance and baâ—rels of powder bels for the use of the Churches of the places newly conquered great store of mettall with workmen to worke it with other instruments and things necessarie for the warre beeing desirous for his part to partake in some sort the honour of this great conquest which his posteritie enioyeth at this day A tower of the cittie beeing wonne with great toyle and effusion of bloud was quickly recouered againe by the Moores who grew more obstinate in their defence by meanes of a false rumor raised by certaine cowards of the campe which desired to returne home againe who sayd that Queene Izabella did sollicite the King her husband to rayse his seege because the plague was within and about diuers places of the Cittie and in this hope the Barbarians did valiantly resist all assaults The King to let them vnderstand that his intent was otherwise sent for the Queene to come to the campe who was accompanied thither by great numbers of voluntarie Knights and then hee sent word to the beseeged that if they would yeeld he would vse them gently as hee had done others if not he gaue them to vnderstand that he would not depart thence till the cittie were taken and that then they should expect nothing but rigor to the which they made no answer but did streightly commaund that not any one amongst them should dare vpon paine of life to talke of any agreement or composition with the kings of Castile and they did indeed kill diuers vppon the same occasion being resolued to hold out till their last breath the which did greatly prolong the seege where powder beginning to fayle the gallies were sent to Valencia Barcelona yea into Sicill which brought thither great quantitie The King of Portugall beeing entreated to send some thither likewise did it willingly with great speed There was no part of the day almost which was free from skirmisnes where many men of either side dyed daily wherefore certaine Moores of the Cittie beeing displeased with the losse of their friends and fore-seeing the danger whereinto they were likely to fall yet not daring to speake of composition did secretly send a messenger to the campe to tell king Fernand that if he would promise to saue their liues and goods they would giue him entrance whereunto the king consented and as this Moore returned he was taken by certaine Gomeres of Affricke who assayled him with their swords in such sort as he returning hurt to the campe dyed there and so the treaty ended As the land skirmishes were continuall so were those at sea where the armie of Castile did hinder as much as in them lay any entrance of comming foorth of the cittie and to redresse the sallies by land there were by the diligence of Garcy Lazo de la Vega Iohn d' Estuniga and Diego of Tayde diuers forts made and great trenches drawne where diuers great Corps de gard were placed so as the Moores in that manner shutte in could not do so much hurt nor vexe the armie as before it had done the Moores beeing neuerthelesse constant in their resolution to hold out to the last man nothwithstanding that victuals did greatly decrease in the cittie for they were aduertised by diuers traitors of the campe of whatsoeuer was done there good or bad and oftentimes they told them that which was false in such sort as they were not discouraged but did beleeue that the king and Queene would shortly bee constrained to depart thence and there were some that left the cittie vnder color of yeelding themselues to the King and to become Christians who falsely reported that there was great and incredible aboundance of victuals and all other necessaries in the cittie to the end thereby to cause the Christians to leaue the seege the which report did put the King and his Councell into a studie whether they should cease the batteries and assaults and keepe the seege by sea with certaine gallies or else by land with certaine forts to starue them by little and little The Arabians liue with a little but weighing the nature of that nation who liue with so little meate as it is to be wondered at this counsell was reiected as vnfruitfull wherefore the batteries were renewed and to that end diuers artificiall engines were made of excellent inuention and mynes were wrought in diuers places which beeing discouered by the industrious and vigilant Moores were cause of the death of a great number of braue souldiers King Boabdellin el Zagal beeing daily sollicited to succour Malaga went foorth of Guadix with certaine troupes of horse and foote but beeing met and encountred by the army of his nephew Mahomet which came foorth of Granado for the same purpose hee was vanquished and put to flight whereof King Fernand had speedie intelligence to his great contentment Within the beseeged cittie were certaine Moores that were esteemed holy men who with mad and idle prattle went about to encourage the souldiers saying that the dead did greatly desire to rise againe for to helpe them to driue the Christians thence with other such like words which were of great force to animate that superstitious race There arriued at the campe fresh supplies of horse and foote from Arragon Valencia and Cattalognia which did much encourage the assaylants who had this aduantage not to want victuals The K. of Tremessen being aduertised by
the Mores which daily past into Affricke vnder the Kings safe-conduct of their great good successe in those warres of Granado sent his Ambassadours to them with rich presents who did request their friendship and protection and permission for their Kings subiects to saile vpon the seas without hurt or feare of the Spanish gallies the which was graunted them so as the King their maister did not giue ayde and assistance to those of Malaga and other Mores of Granado their enemies Matters standing at a stay a certaine Moore borne at Tunis leading a solitarie life neere to Guadix called Abraham Alguerri a man of a low stature and aged began to preach how that their Prophet Mahumet had reuealed to him that if Malaga were this one time releeued it should neuer more be in danger to be taken therefore vnder the conduct of this Hermite who was reputed a holy man foure hundred horsemen did hazard to enter the towne who making way thorough the guards and trenches of the campe two hundred of them passed into the cittie and the rest of them were cut in peeces The Hermite in the meane time had withdrawne himselfe aside and looking as if hee had beene rauished in spirit was at his prayers in great deuotion the Christian souldiors which pursued the Moores did finde him and brought him before the Marquis of Cales who askt him what he was hee made answer that hee was an holy man vnto whom God reuealed his great secrets which should happen in that seege and end by the taking of Malaga whith the number of seauen and what signifies seauen sayd the Marquis are they yeares or moneths they are neither yeares nor monthes quoth the Hermit but weekes daies or howers but enquire no farther of mee for Alla that is God hath commanded mee to tell the rest in secret to the King and Queene and to none others The Marquis although hee made a iest of that hee heard the Moore say did neuerthelesse send him to the King by a reuolted Moore for hee would not leaue his owne quarter especially so soone after the fight when hee arriued the King was a sleepe and the Queene taking no delight to behold such manner of foolish people hee was brought into a tent A Mahomâ—tan Hermiteâ— murtherer where Don Beatrix de Bouadilla was in talke with Don Aluaro Son to the Duke of Bragança who was fled from Portugall and Ruy Lopes de Toledo the Queenes Treasorer The Marchiones looking vpon this old Hermit bad them giue him some meate hee seeing her to bee richly apparrelled and they that were with her in like manner asked those that were next him if it was the King and Queene they to mocke him told him it was they Then the villaine who of purpose came from his cell with an intent to kill them layd hand vpon a short Cimetar that hee wore vnder his habit and therewith gaue Don Aluaro such a stroake vpon the head as he had well neere slaine him and being ready to doe as much to the Marquis the Treasorer there present did hold him backe and the rest runne out of the tent yet at the noyse diuers of the Marquis seruants came running in and hewed the wicked Hermit in peeces The King beeing awake and hearing what was done did greatly wonder at his boldnesse and was afterward better guarded The peeces of the Moores body were with engines throwne into the Citty in reuenge whereof the Moors did kill a Christian prisoner who was a man of note and setting him vpon an asse they draue it towards the campe where at the same instant Don Henriques de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia with his trayne did arriue who besides the supply of soldiours which hee brought did lend the King twenty thousand golden doubles and the very day of his comming more then a hundred shippes loden with victualls and munition did arriue in the roade neere to Malaga where-with the army was greatly refreshed and the Duke highly honored and esteemed for such a seruice Soone after there arriued other succors from the Duke of Infantasgo The Moores being againe summoned to yeeld and not to attend the miseries which a victory gotten by force doth bring with it being still obstinate and hauing notice of certaine diseases in the campe they would by no meanes harken there-vnto wherefore they were assayled a fresh and did as valiantly defend them-selues killing many Christians The citty beeing in great want of victualls the Moores did already beginne to eate rosted skins and other such like things but they had still some idle Prophet or other which confirmed them in there obstinacy yet notwithstanding two of the cheefest Moores in the citty Superstitions Moores whose names were Amet-Aben-Amar and Ali Dudux and with them an Alfaqui called Abraham Alharis with diuers Marchants officers and men of quality being ioyned together came and besought the gouernour to take some order for the people of the Citty which dyed for hunger who without any hope of releefe could not anoyd the enemies rigor and that hee needed not to thinke it a disgrace to him to yeeld the citty of Malaga seeing that other places as strong as it in the realme of Granado had yeelded to the Christians if hee thought to better their estate by a battayle they wisht him to march forth to the fight for they were not able any longer to liue in so great necessity but all this serued to no purpose The King perceauinge the obstinacy of this wretched people caused certaine peeces of ordonance to bee bent against the towers of the bridge the first of which was wonne by assault Francisco Ramiers of Madrid Captaine of the artillery hasting and increasing the battery to prepare entrance for the soldiours was by the king made knight the same day for his good seruice The beseeged being brought to the last dispaire a great troupe of horse and foote animated by one of their Prophets made a furious sally vpon the quarters of the masters of Saint Iames and Alcantara where at the beginning they caused great disorder comming vnlook't for but at the last they were repulsed and beaten back with great slaughter and the Moore Prophet was the first man that was slaine By this ouerthrow the Alcaide or Gouernor beeing excused from making any more resistance gaue the inhabitants leaue to capitulate as well as they could with the Kings of Castile wherefore they sent Amet-Aben-Amar and Ali Dudux and three other principall Moores to the Campe who besought the Kings to receiue them for Mudejares or vassals and to giue to them and the rest of the Cittizens the towne of Coin to dwell in and to permit those that would to passe into Affrick with their goods the King told them that the great Commander of Leon should make them an answer the which was that for as much as the extremity of hunger had constrained them to yeeld and not any good will to the Kings it behooued them to
liue in such calamity and that so noble a race might not faile in Portugall he shewed the like grace and bounty to diuerse other Lords who were absent for offences committed against the crowne albeit that the new Duke D. Iames had for his owne part no way offended but had run into his fathers disgrace who was executed by law For a notable and religious act as he and his counsel thought he gaue commandement that all Iewes and Moores should voide forth of Portugal vnlesse they would bee baptized confiscating their goods and children of euery sex excepted vnder thirteene yeeres of age whom by force he caused to be baptized but beeing afterwards better aduised Iewes constrained to be baptized hee retained onely the men and women of those sects by force causing them to receiue baptisme and to confesse Iesus Christ with their mouthes but as it is to bee presumed without beleeuing it in their hearts and people constrained and not wel instructed the which did beget infinite apostacies sects and heresies in Portugal as it could not fall out otherwise Following the steps of his predecessor King Iohn hee sent men into the parts of the East to make ample and certaine information of the trafficke of spices D. Vasco de Gama a Portugal Captaine in Calicut and hee caused Don Vasco de Gama to pursue the nauigations and discouery of the shores of Affrike who departing from Lisbone this yeere 1497. with two ships the one named the Angel Gabriel the other the Angel Raphael manned with a hundred and forty men coasted about Affrike and touching at the Isle of Saint Iames and that of Saint Helen places by him so named hee came into Maçambuque a country of the Moores and from thence by a long and tedious iourney passing hard by a rocke which hee called Saint George and by the shelues and sands of Saint Raphaell hee arriued at Mombaça a land fertil pleasant and of great trade and commerce then going forward he came to the city of Melinde in the which hee had not only some rest and refreshing from his paineful iourney but did likewise contract peace and alliance betwixt the King of Melinde and King Manuel his Master at the last sayling farther he came to Calicut the place so much desired which was the aime of his enterprize He found Calicut to be a great and wel peopled city and of great trade for spices he saw in the hauen more then a thousand fiue hundred saile of marchants ships great and smal but ill built and vnseruiceable for long voyages without art in their sailes anchors and tackling not vsing the compasse and wholy vnfit for sea fights not beeing able to saile vnlesse they had a fore winde Now King Manuel beeing such an one as wee haue described him and in his florishing age Castile the marriage betwixt him and the Princesse Isabella of Castile who was a widdow was concluded at Valencia of Alcantara at the same time as Prince Iohn of Castile newly married to Marguerite of Austria fell sicke of the disease whereos hee died at Salamanca the which caused king Manuell to hasten the effecting of this marriage Death of Prince Iohn of Castile because that after Prince Iohn the succession of the Realmes of Castile and Arragon fell to Donna Isabella as to the eldest Therefore hee vsed such dilligence as the marriage was accoÌ„plished before the Prince his death who deceassed to the great griefe of the kings his father and mother General mourning and of all their subiects hauing not fully attained to the twentith yeere of his age and was buried in the Monastery of S. Thomas of the frier preachers in the city of Auila All the Gentlemen Knights Lawiers and other men of note in all parts of Spaine did in signe of mourning for his death cloath themselues in blacke frise or such like course cloath of meane price The Princesse Marguerite his widdow who was with child was brought in bed soone after in the towne of Alcala de Henares of a dead daughter King Fernand beeing the first that receiued these lamentable newes A good means to comfort an extreame sorrow fearing least the Queene his wife would fall into some great perplexity for the losse of an onely sonne heire to so great a state and of such young yeeres did determine to send her newes that he himselfe was dead and then when shee should enter into teares and lamentations to come into her presence at the same instant to comfort her and then plainely to tell her the truth of their sonnes death imagining that a sodaine consolation betwixt two extreame griefes would greatly moderate both the one and the other the which tooke good effect by the good reasons and examples which hee alleadged vnto her By Prince Iohns decease Donna Isabella his sister was Princesse of the Asturia's and eldest heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Arragon This yeere died Don Iohn Arias de Villar who was Bishop of Ouiedo the which place was giuen to Don Garcia Ramires de Villa Escusa last perpetuall prior of Saint Markes of Leon and euer afterward the Priors of that place were but from yeere to yeere There died also by a lamentable chance the Court beeing at Alcala Don Lewis Pimentell Marquis of Villa-franca eldest sonne to Don Roderâ—go Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent who fell downe to the ground out of a gallery Don Diego of Castile great commander of Calatroua did likewise die and his commandery was giuen to Don Guttiere de Padilla Treasorer and his place to Don Alphonso de Silua brother to the Earle of Cifuentes Now the new Queene of Portugall Infanta of Castile and Arragon hauing right to so great a succession by the death of Prince Iohn her brother it behoued the King her husband and her selfe to passe into Castile to receiue in quality of future heires to those Kingdomes the oth of the States therefore leauing the widdow Queene Leonora Regent in Portugall they came to the city of Toledo the yeere 1498. where Queene Isabella of Portugall was sworne An. 1498. and acknowledged Princesse of the Asturia's heire to Castile and Leon then going into Arragon the like was done for the succession in those Kingdomes But this Princesse being with child shee was brought in bed and died in the city of Saragossa leauing heire to all her fathers and mothers dominions D. Michel that nâ—w borne Infant sworne heire of Arragon the child newly borne if he had liued who was called D. Michel who in that infancy was sworne Prince of Girone and heire to Arragon and Sicile With this sorrow D. Manuel returned a widdower into Portugal leauing his onely sonne in Saragossa The dead Queenes body was brought to Toledo and buried in the Monastery of Saint Antolm which is a parrish Church where were Religious Nuns which was builded by Don Agnes d' Ayala wife to the Admiral of Castile grand-mother to King Fernand. And
other profits of the Crowne as they had beene accustomed so as they did remaine in the citie of Pampelone 4 That the wages of Counsellors and Presidents of justice Auditors of the royall accounts and other officers and magistrats of the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine should be paied them with condition that they should remaine in Pampelone 5 That the inhabitants of Pampelone should remaine faithfull seruants to the kings D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane and in regard thereof they should enjoy their goods mouable and immouable rights and auncient priuiledges And in like manner those which had followed the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine if within thirtie dayes they did returne into the countrey 6 That the inhabitants of Pampelone should not be bound to lodge any one without paying for it no more than they of Saragosse Valencia and Barcellona 7 That all knights and gentlemen which within thirtie dayes should submit themselues to the seruice of the kings D. Ferdinand and queene Ioane should be well and honourably intreated in their persons and goods and not called in question for any crime formerly committed in the time of the dissentions and factions of Beaumont and Gramont 8 That when they should goe vnto the warre their priuiledges and rankes touching their persons and qualities should be maintained as in the time of precedent kings 9 That the rights of prouisions of victuals silkes money and other things due by the kings D. Iohn and D. Katherine to their officers citizens of Pampelone which came to serue the kings of Castille should be paied them so as it were duely verified 10 That if any of these articles were prejudiciall to any one the judgement thereof should be referred to the kings of Castille D. Ferdinand and D. Ioane his daughter Many other heads were propounded whereof some were granted and others sent backe vnto the king and his counsell but these were the most remarkable the which were promised and sworne by the duke of Alua in the name and with the consent of the kings of Castille the foure and twentieth of Iulie in the presence of D. Lewis of Beaumont the constable D. Antonio of Acugna bishop of Cuenca Pedro Lopes of Padilla Ferdinand Sâ—arez of Toledo and other knights And notwithstanding that the duke had promised not to enter into the citie vntill the next day least it should be reproached vnto them That they had yeelded before they had seene the enemie yet the earle of Lerin who was constable of Nauarre entred the same day being the foure and twentieth and the fiue and twentieth the duke with the rest of the armie Duke of Alua enters into Pampelone Thus the kings D. Iohn and Q. Katherine were spoyled of their realme of Nauarre which they had held together eighteene yeares and a halfe and the queene almost ten yeares alone after the death of her brother Francis Phoebus Vnion of Castille and Nauarre by conquest From the 25 of Iulie 1512 being S. Iames day Nauarre was vnited to the Crowne of Castille 468 yeares after that it had beene diuided from it in the time and by the death of the king D. Sancho the great After the yeelding of the chiefe citie the duke of Alua caused the other places of strength within the realme to be summoned to yeeld promising that in so doing they should be intreated with the like clemencie to Pampelone if not he would pursue them with fire and sword as sectaries to princes who were declared schismatikes and heretikes In the beginning some townes seemed difficult but hauing better considered of their affairs the townes of Lumbier Sanguesse Montreal Olite and Tafalla with the citie of Tudele yeelded yet the castle thereof held good for the kings that were expelled Denis of Desa faithfull to king Iohn of Albret Denis of Desa a gallant knight and a good seruant to his masters commaunding therein They of the vallie of Roncal and of the vallie of Amescoa trusting in the naturall force of their mountainous countrey made no account to yeeld King Ferdinand being at Burgos hearing the successe of this conquest sent supplies of men to the duke of Alua And the better to justifie his actions he sent D. Antonio of Acugna bishop of Zamora embassador into France to king Iohn offering him That if he would quit the friendship and alliance of king Lewis he would restore his realme to him againe The bishop came not to king Iohn for notwithstanding the prerogatiue of embassadors King Ferdinands embassador arrested in Bearn he was staied prisoner in Bearn from whence he parted not but for a great ransome Vpon this excesse the duke of Alua was readie to passe into Bearn to be reuenged of the wrong done vnto the king his master and to his embassador but seeing the towns of Tudele Olite Tafalla and Estella begin to be somewhat moued at the brute of king Iohns comming with a French armie he remained in Nauarre where hauing ordered matters in such sort as they seemed secure he assembled the chiefe men of Pampelone in the monasterie of S. Francis where hauing made a long discourse vnto them to justifie the conquest which his master had made of that realme he required them to take an oath to king Ferdinand and they demaunded three dayes respite to consider thereon which being expired they said That they were content to take an oath as subjects Difference betwixt a vasâ—all and a subiect but not as vassals And what difference demaunded the duke make you betwixt vassals and subjects He said they is to be vnderstood a vassall whom the lord may intreat well or ill at his pleasure but the subject ought to be well intreated by him Then the duke hauing shewed them that they should not doubt but the king would intreat them well and fauourably in all things he alledged many reasons which induced them to take this oath acknowledging king Ferdinand for their king who parting from Burgos came vnto Logrogno neere to Nauarre where he staied the remainder of that yere to prouide for the defence of this new conquest This yeare died D. Pascall Castille of the Order of the preaching friers bishop of Burgos at Rome D. Iohn of Fonseca bishop of Palence and superintendent of the affaires of the Indies was preferred in his place D. Iohn of Velasco bishop of Calaorra had that of Palence and D. Iohn Castellan of Vilalua came to that of Calaorra he was brother to the colonell Valalua D. Valerio Alphonso Ordognes of Villaquiran bishop of Ouiedo died also and his bishopricke was giuen to D. Diego of Muros who was bishop of Mondognedo he who did found the colledge of S. Saâ—ior in the Vniuersitie of Salamanca which hath the name of Ouiedo 1512 the bishopricke of Mondognedo was giuen to D. Diego of Villamuriel President of the Chauncerie of Granado 29 King Ferdinands affaires standing in these termes in Europe the Spaniards remayning at the Indies at the
del Campo with a good number of horse to bring the artilery which was kept in the storehouse of that town he found such resistance as he was forced partly through choler partly by a stratagem of war to set fire in diuers parts of the town to the end he might draw the people who were earnest to defend the artillery to go saue their houses which were on fire but their obstinacie was such as they had rather suffer their goods to be burnt then abaÌ„don the artillery to Fonseca who was forced to returne without it so vpon this occasion they of Medina ioyned with the league In which towne there was great store of merchaÌ„dise of all sorts mouables other riches of inestimable value burnt The conspirators hauing put their army of field seised vpon Tordesillas where Q. Ioane being distract kept Tordesillas taken by the conspiratorâ— her they saluted for their Q. gaue her a gard of 300 priests leuied by the Bish. of Zamora in his dioces whom he commanded to sweare and renounce God to looke like souldiers and if hee did see any one that did handle his portaise hee would beate him with a cudgell The emperor being aduertised of all these miseries hee wrote vnto the Admirall D. Frederic Henriques which was then in Cattelogne to take the charge of gouernor with the rest to seek by all means to pacifie those troubles D. Frederic ioyned with the gouernors with equall â—uthority did what he could to pacifie al notwithstanding that the Confederats had taken and spoiled Vruegna Tordehumes and Villabrassica lands belonging vnto him had sackt his brothers palace committed other indignities in contempt of him and to his preiudice yet notwithstanding hee went and sent diuers times to the rebells but the disease required a sharper remedy for in trueth there was no more any question to reforme abuses and correct the faults of the common weale all were now growen into a furie to ouerthrow the estate As for the noblemen and knights their owne greedy desires had thrust them into armes D. Pedro Giron would be duke of Medina Sidonia and win his cause by the sword D. Iohn de Padilla promised to himselfe the mastership of S. Iaques others hauing priuat quarrelles would be reuenged and spoyle their enemies and as for the Townes if their first motion had some lawfull cause 1520 their manner of proceeding and their forme of demaunding had spoyled all and made them and their cause odious wherefore the war beganne to grow hote Iohn de Padilla and Iohn Braâ—o being come to Villapanda with part of the forces of the League it seemed to the emperors captaines that an opportunitie was offered to recouer Todesillas and to deliuer Queene Ioane who was held as a prisoner by the rebels the which succeeded well without anie great losse or difficultie Tordesill as recouered for the place was not strong There were many of the seditious taken there Tordesillas was sackt yea the Queene and her seruants lodgings yet all was restored vnto them againe It is written that when they battred the towne a priest of the bishop of Zamoras being behind a loop hole slew 11 men with his peece and to discharge himselfe somewhat of this guilt or to giue some ease to his soule at whom he aimd at euery shot he made a crosse with his harquebuze In the end this priest was slaine with an arrow After this prize the Constable and the Admirall who were commaunders for the emperour marched against the enemies who went towards Toro with an intent to ioyne with their other confederats who had gathered togither a rable of 8000 rascalls out of the townes and diocesse of Zamora Battell of Villa Lara and defeat of the rebells but they were ouertaken neere vnto Villa Lara and fought with where notwithstanding that they had great numbers of men and that Padilla and Brauo performed the parts of valiant and hardy captaines yet they were defeated and taken This defeat pacified all tumults and made them all more quiet The confederate cities laboured euery one apart to returne into fauour and did easily obtayne pardon yea the city of Burgos before this rout had left the societie of the rest The bishop of Zamora hearing of the defeat of his companions Punishment of rebells thought to escape but he was staied in Nauarre and afterwards strangled D. Iohn of Padilla and Iohn Brauo were condemned to loose their heads D. Maria wife to Iohn of Padilla fell into the like miserie a woman of a great courage but deceiued by the false predictions of diuines and sorcerers whom she beleeued their palace at Toledo by the same sentence was ruined and the soyle sowen with salt and therein a pillar erected for a perpetuall memorie of their rebellion D. Pedro Giron who had left the other conspirators by the persuasion of his friends and kinsmen whereof the Constable was the chiefe was confined to Oran with many other knights Many men of lesse note felt the rigor of Iustice and many also were pardoned Thus ended the ciuile warre and sedition in Spaine which grew by reason of the excesse and violent gouernement of the Flemings who suffered the Spaniards to end it whilest that they were Iudges of their punishments and rewardes for that the emperour was gouerned by their councell 15 Whenas this rebellion in Castille happened Nauarre the gouernours finding themselues weake and ill prouided of many things they were forced to vse the souldiers which were in the garrisons of Nauarre and to draw many peeces of ordonance out of Pampelone and places of that realme which gaue occasion to some well affected to the house of Albret and Foix and to Henry of Albret the true heire of that realme to haue secret intelligences in Bearn and in Fraunce in whose fauour king Francis sent Andrew of Foix Lord of Asperraut or Esparre yonger brother to Odeâ— of Foix Lord of Lautrech who being receiued by them of the faction of Gramont tooke the castle of Saint Iohn de Pied de Port Pampelone abandoned by the Castillans wherefore D. Anthonie Manrique Duke of Nagera finding himselfe surprized the city of Pampelone beginning also to mutine he left it and returned into Castille abandoning his house to the sacke of the people 16 At that time there was in Nauarre following armes Inigo of Loyola the first author of the Iesuits an obstinate enemy to the house of Albret who whenas the viceroy Maurique dislodged Beginning of the Iesuites remained in the castle of Pampelone in garrison with the other souldiers of the emperour It hapned that this castle being assailed by the people there was a canon shot made by them of the towne at a certaine place whereas this man had both his feet so bruised with stones which the bullet had scattred as hee fell from the top of the castle to the bottome but being ordained for an instrument to this new
with them and therefore hee returned to Malta for his Spaniards where hauing manned fiftie of his best gallies hee directed his course after the Turkes armie hoping it would diuide it selfe and that hee might get some bootie but he returned empty handed to Messina Retreat of the Turkes armie from Malta sending shipping to transport the Italians and the rest of the Spaniards which he had left at Malta into their Countries but some of them were cast away in a tempest Thus Malta was deliuered in time for they that defended it were reduced to extremitie by a great disorder which seemed to bee in the Councell of Spaine so as the blame ought not to be attributed solely to D. Garcia de Toledo if it had bin taken for if he shewed himselfe slack and of a small courage to succour the beseeged and if hee were not faithfull in the dispensation of the treasure as some would accuse him the irresolution of king Philips Councell and the malice and crosses of his enemies in Court did bring Sicile Naples and all Italie in danger of ruine if the Turkes had depriued him of this assured rampar But God fortified the great Master his knights and souldiers and all the people of the Iland arming them with patience courage and constancie for by human reason they had bin all lost They that did aduenture to come out of Sicile to enter into the Bourg haue their share in the honor neither are they that broght the succors to be excluded The constancy of the great master the resolution of Parisot his nephew the vndaunted courage of Romegas the brauerie of Barragan a Nauarrois Monâ—errat Miranda and others which defended the breaches the willingnesse of Iohn Andrew Doria to succour them if they would haue suffered him the resolution and good conduct of Ascanio de la Corne of D. Aluaro de Sandy of Chauppin Vitelli and other captaines of the succours and their souldiers are remarkable in this warre the which continued foure monethes from the middest of May to the middest of September whereas three hundred and thirteene knights lost their liues honourably 3600 souldiers and aboue six thousand of the people men women and children The Turkes spent aboue fourescore thousand canon shot and lost at the least thirtie thousand men The great Master after the retreat of the remainder of their armie gaue God thankes for this deliuerie and in like manner the Princes and Estates which had assisted him but he was not without great apprehension of the returne of the Barbarians fearing hee should not be able to resist them by this former experience so as it was often propounded to abandon the island and not seeke obstinatly to repaire and keepe those lamentable ruines for except the castle of Saint Ange and the old citie all the rest was reduced to powder But in these difficulties their generous resolutions were comforted incouraged and assisted as well by the Pope the duke of Florence and other Princes and States of Italie as by the king of Spaine who among other prouisions appointed three thousand Pioners which hee caused to bee leuied in Sicile and Naples to repaire the ruined forts and also to begin the new citie which was alreadie proiected and had beene traced out vpon that peece of ground at the point whereof had beene the fort of Saint Herme and which diuides the port of Marcamusset from that of the gallies of the religion Valette a new towne built in the island of Malta This new towne was called Valette to be a memorie to posteritie of the vertue and valour of that great knight Iohn de la Valette who liued not long after his worthie exploits in the defence of this siege to whom there succeeded Peter de Monte who was Admirall of the Order and had behaued himselfe valiantly The gouernours of Prouinces with the Nobilitie of the Netherlands subiects to the king of Spaine seeing the generall discontent of all men tending to a lamentable confusion they besought the duchesse of Parma their Gouernesse to preuent these inconueniences which grew from the crueltie of the Edicts and rigorous persecutions from the new bishops and feare of the Spanish Inquisition Whereupon they resolued to send one into Spain with ample instructions to acquaint the king with all those inconueniences Earle of Egmont sent into Spaine and the apparent daunger The earle of Egmont had that charge hee went into Spaine he told the king That mildnesse was the best meanes to preuent this mischiefe and was sent backe with hope and promises conformable to his instructions which gaue great content to the Netherlanders at his returne but the effect proued contrarie and their hope was turned into despaire For this yeare 1565 in December the king signified his pleasure to the Gouernesse by his letters what hee would haue obserued in the Low Countries touching matters of religion He commaunded That all Edicts made by the Emperour his father or himselfe touching matters of religion should bee duely executed That the Inquisitors should bee fauoured in their charges for the good of religion it being his pleasure that the Inquisition should be put in practise And lastly That she should assist the bishops to haue the Councell of Trent setled all which was contrarie to that which he had promised to the earle of Egmont and to the expectation of the poore Netherlanders And for that the Inquisition was the cause of so great troubles and the shedding of much innocent bloud I haue thought it fitting the subiect of our historie to relate it somewhat particularly as it is now practised in Spaine and its beginning D. Ferdinand and D. Isabella Beginning and progresse of the Inquâ—sition kings of Castille and Arragon hauing wholly subdued the Moores and Sarasins of Spaine and being assured of them they suffered them to liue quietly vnder their obedience paying a certaine tribute liuing but a toyling life for them that were of a free condition but yet tollerable seeing they were not questioned with for their religion But as all things in this world are inconstant and subiect to change king Ferdinand was persuaded to chuse some men that might look into the superstitions and infidelities of these Moores least in the end the Iewish and Mahometane religion should suppresse the Catholike whereupon hee imployed himselfe with great zeale to religion Wherein he was so happie as in testimonie of his pietie he was honoured by the Pope as well for himselfe as for his successors kings of Spaine with the title of Catholike which Gregorie the third had in the yeare 1230 giuen vnto Alphonso king of Castille Whereupon many of the Moores Sarasins Africanes and Iewes were either forced to confesse Christ or to abandon the countrey so as many thousands retired themselues into Africke and other places But they that desired rather to liue in Spaine with their wiues and children did either willingly or by constraint quit their religion and were baptised But the Spaniards
a reputation to be valiant among the Xeques and Alcaides of the realme and vpon this opinion they had charge giuen them of some troupe or cornet of horse at their instance vnder colour of religion saying that it was to make warre against certaine Moores and Africans which went to serue the king of Portugal and did annoy the other Mahometanes of their sect Muley Nacer brother to the king of Fez was very vnwilling they should haue this Commission giuen them saying that by the like practises and vnder a cloake of holinesse the families of Isdris Magaracs Almoranides and Almohades had raigned in Afrike and ruined the auncient royall houses Yet they had commission to leuie men and proued famous captaines in a short time for hauing for a time ouerrunne the prouinces of Duquele and others where the Portugals had some forts and done many gallant exploits they past into that of Sus which depends vpon Marroc whither their fame was spred and beeing there visited by many Moores and Africans of those marches liuing then in libertie without any king and who beleeued that their designe was to make warre against the Christians which did hold the coasts of Afrike vnder the kings D. Iohn the second and D. Emanuel of Portugal and the townes of Ceuta Tangir Arzille Alcasar Ceguer Azamor Mazagon Saphi and Cap d' Aguer farther off the castle of Arquin they had presently a great troupe especially for that king Emanuel entertained many Moores and naturall Africans Emanuel king of Portugal fortified by Moores so as that Christian king might at sometimes haue drawne into armes of those nations aboue fiftie thousand horse and twice as many foot Vnder the name of this religious warre the Xeriffes became strong and fearefull in the field and in fauour thereof they did obtaine of the inhabitants of the prouince of Dara in Numidia where they were borne the tenthes of their reuenues for vnto God said they the tenths of the fruits of the earth are due by auncient constitutions The citie of Turedant which is a seat royall and in olde time was the third member of the Miralmumins estate did not onely receiue this impost willingly but they also persuaded the other Westerne Prouinces to doe the like and to choose for their gouernour the old Mahomet Ben Hamet the father of these two Xeriffes Hamet and Mahomet Xeriffe makes himselfe master of Turedant by reason whereof he made himselfe master of Turedant made sharpe warres against the Moores which held the partie of the Portugals in the prouince of Dara and others A certaine Xec of the towne of Tiguint in the mountaines of Atlas the greater towards the prouince of Sus drew vnto the Xeriffes the people of Hea lying neere vnto him who did contribute the tenthes of their fruits and of the feeding of their cattell and in the end hee put them in possession of the towne of Tenest which is the chiefe of that prouince of Hea one of the best of Afrike and then they called themselues princes by the practises of this Xec who was a Genouois renegado But they were expelled by Nugno Fernandes of Atayde a Portugal who forced them to retire to Tazarot a towne of the iurisdiction of Marroc and in the meane time old Mahomet Ben Hamet the Xeriffe died His three sonnes continuing their enterprises besieged the towne of Alquel and tooke it from a Xec called Cidi Bugima Africain vassall to the king of Portugal and then they seized vpon the castle of the mountaine of Xanxaua the which they fortified and were continually assisted by the Lords townes and comminalties of that Westerne quarter of Afrike in regard of this holy warre After which they got more reputation hauing incountred and taken D. Lope de Barriga gouernour of Asafi who was the most redoubted captaine king Emanuel had in Afrike Notwithstanding Abdelquibir the eldest of the Xeriffes was slaine in this conflict The two others continuing their designes made themselues masters of Marroc a goodly great citie and chiefe of the realme by a notable treason practised against Nacer Buxentuf of the race of the Hententats who was king but hee held nothing in a manner but the very towne for all the dependancies were at that time held by pettie tyrans and the champane countrie by the Alarabes who in that countrie doe commonly hold Lords towns yea and kings in subiection This Nacer hauing often receiued the Xeriffes very kindly into Marroc Xeriffes seize vpon Marroc by treason and vsed them with all honour and courtesie hee was one a time poysoned by their fraud going forth to flie at the Heron with him They had suborned a certaine Moore who crossed these noble men in their way as they returned from hawking hauing a cake in his basket made of flower and sugar that was poysoned who seeming to go on his way like a traueller he was staid by the Xeriffes who demaunded of him what hee carried in his basket and if he had not something good to eate or to mingle with water to disalter the king who was there present whereupon this Moore drewe out his cake and presented it vnto the king who did eate thereof and dranke the water into the which he had steept it whereof he did not presently complaine but beeing come to Marroc he fell sicke and died within 6 daies In the meane time Mahomet knowing what would happen went to Xanxaua to fetch his forces to second his brother Hamet as they had agreed who by the meanes of some confederates which vnder other pretexts were then at Marroc seized vpon the castle euen as his brother arriued with his troupes and made himselfe to be acknowledged for king of the Marroquins and seeming with a counterfeit modestie to be very much grieued for the accident which had befallen king Nacet as a thing said he practised by some of his enemies vnknowne to him he said that his election was a blessing of heauen the which must follow seeking to pacifie the children of the deceased promising them honours and estates at their desires Then he sent to aduertise the King of Fez that hee had beene created King of Marroc and that hee would hold the citie of him and sending him certaine presents accompanied with submissions and promises he rested satisfied Thus he got the possession of Marroc and of the rights of that realme the iurisdictions whereof extend farre towards the South which as wee haue said were distracted by the vsurpations of pettie Lords and many townes also had infranchised themselues gouerning themselues like common weales but they reduced them to their old obedience The warres against the Christians and Moores which did adhere vnto them beeing the chiefe support of their authoritie and credit with the people they continued it and had diuers incounters with the Portugals but that wherein they did labour more curiously and wherein they were most fortunate for the setling of their greatnesse was to practise the Moores
excessiue charge as it did exceed the value of the thing gotten this was spoken for that the suburbes and places about the cittie were spoyled It is certaine that this man for his sower disdainfull and haughtie grauitie was hated of most of the Noblemen in Court Then the King entred into Portugall hauing first caused a generall Pardon to bee proclaymed for all those that had opposed themselues against his reception except Don Antonio those that had fauoured him at Saint Iren at Lisbone at Setuual and some others that were named the number of which hee did afterwards abate causing his pardon to bee reiterated yet still reseruing some so as it was commonly sayd he knew not so well how to pardon as to offend He did set a price of 80000. crownes for him that could either take or kill D. Antonio A price set vpon D. Antonios head yet notwithstanding this temptation there was not any one did attempt against his life to reueale him in eight monthes that he went wandring vp and downe the realme after all these miseries being pursued and sought for in all places with the greatest care and dilligence that might bee Hauing escaped at the route of Alcantara hee retired to Coimbra D Antonio rayseth a new army as we haue saied where hee found so great loue and obedience as hee gathered together about fiue thousand foote with the which hee approched neere vnto the city of Porto a strong place neere vnto the sea where although the Inhabitants had made shew to be Neuters or rather inclyning to King Philips party yet hee entred and was well receiued Being resolued to trie againe the hazard of a battaile hee made a kinde of campe vpon the riuer of Duero neere vnto that city There hee made some spoile of them that were of the contrary faction and sought to draw money from the Inhabitants In case of any sinister accident hee was resolued to flie into France and therefore hee caused a barke to lie ready in the roade neere to Viana a little place vpon the sea at the mouth of the riuer of Limas Whilest that heee busied himselfe about these things Sancho de Auila sent against D. Antonio the Duke of Alba sent Sancho d' Auila against him with about fiue thousand foote some horse and foure canons Vnto whom the city of Coimbra which till then had beene faithfull to Don Antonio carried their keies they of Auero did the like who had beene spoiled by Don Antonio after that they had yeelded vnto him D. Sancho being come to the riuer of Duero which was not to be waded through he past his men ouer in certaine boats which he had brought with him in carts and others that he surprized running along that riuer notwithstanding that D. Antonio had commanded that all the boats should bee drawne to the other side Don Sancho found not any resistance for as soone as the Portugals which were camped on the other side of the riuer saw him come towards them they fled euery man sauing himselfe as hee could without any great slaughter this was in effect a multitude without experience or courage D. Antonio hauing no more meanes to subsist left the towne of Porto where after that he had let the Magistrate vnderstand how hee had imployed himselfe to the defence of the realme and hauing excused himselfe by the basenesse of the Gouernors and the smal assistance he had had from the Estates he bad them farewell with teares promising to see them before it were long better accompanied to free them from the tyranie of D. Philip for see did hope to finde meanes and succors in France and England to restore him From thence hee went directly to Viana with an intent to take shipping where one attended him D Antonio laies aside armes but the sea went so high as it was impossible to put forth staying there vntill the storme were past behold there came a troupe of horse which sought for him wherevpon he put himselfe into a small boat desyring rather to commit himselfe to the mercy of the winde and waues then vnto men Being come vnto the ship with great paine and daunger there was no meanes to force the winde nor to put to sea so as hee was forced to come againe to Land in his boate the sea driuing him to shoare whereas he was not seene by them that pursued him They of the house of Portugal were with him who had alwaies followed him namely the Bishop of Guarda the Earle of Vimioso and some others all which hauing disguised themselues like seruants and marriners yet well furnished with rich iewels which were sowed vp in their doublets for D. Antonio had made good prouision during his short reigne as well at Lisbone in the pallace royall Portugal wholy reduced vnder King Philip. as in other places they saued themselues as well as they could By this retreat the name of D. Antonio was supprest in Portugal neither was there any place or man which made opposition against King Philip in all the maine land of Portugal The townes and forts which are in Afrike beyond the Straight Places belonging to the Portugals in Affrike yeeld to King Philip. yeelded obedience to King Philip as Ceuta Tanger and the rest where he was content to leaue the same Gouernor and garrisons that were before And it was not long before he had newes that D. Lewis d' Alcaide Earle of Zoghia viceroy at the East Indies had acknowledged him for his King notwithstanding that he had beene much sollicited by D. Antonio Wherefore there remained nothing for the King of Spaine of all the dependances of the realm of Portugall to subiect vnto him but the Islands of the Tercera's which are of great importance both for the Easterne and Westerne nauigations for the which he prouided after that he had made his entry into Lisbone Before that the King parted from Badajos Imputations laied vpon the Duke of Alua. the imputations and slanders laied vpon the Duke of Alba were such as euery one was perswaded that he caused this goodly conquest to be trodden vnder foot by his souldiers and that he gaue them such liberty as without feare of punishment they did spoile sacke kill and violate all diuine and humane lawes wherefore the King sent two counsellors to informe the one was called Francis of Villafaguana taken out of the royall audience of Castile the other in that of Gallicia whose name was Francis Tedaldi who found much lesse disorder there then was spoken of yet there were some insolencies supprest There was something iustly imputed to the Duke of Alba that by his sower and proud manner of proceeding hee had hindred D. Antonios reception into fauour with the King yea after that hee had beene saluted for King at Lisbone and when as the Duke went about to take the forts that were neere vnto the city being certaine that King Philip shewed himselfe willing when as he vvas mooued
Maiestie and in the signing of our Secretaries of the chamber they shall do the like That in all iudiciall seates as well belonging vnto vs as to any other and of what qualitie soeuer whether they speake in priuate or in publike the petitions demaunds and quarrels shall be begunne in a lyne with that which they are to treate of without setting any title word or signe of courtesie on the toppe And in the conclusion they may say For the which I implore the office of your S. or your W. according to the persons and Iudges to whome they are to speake And the Notaries shall onely say By the commaundement and decree of N. the Iudge setting to his name and surname onely they may also adde the name of such a mans Office and the dignitie and degree which he hath taken without any other title That no man of what estate condition dignitie degree or office whatsoeuer shall assume vnto himselfe either by word or writing the title of Excellencie nor of excellent Lord neither may any be called Reuerent Lord but onely Cardinals and the Archbishop of Toledo as Primate of Spaine although he be no Cardinall That to Archbishops Bishops Grande's and such as we command to be couered all men within our Realmes shall be bound to giue the title of Your Lordship and also to the President of our royall Councell That to Marquises Earles great Commanders of the Orders of S. Iames Alcantara and Calatraua and to the Presidents of our other Councels and Chanceries the title of Lordship may be giuen both by writing and word and not to any other vnlesse it be to the chiefe citties of the Realme and to Senates and to Metropolitane Churches to whom they may giue that addition as they haue beene accustomed That to Ambassadors in like manner which haue place in our Chappell may bee written or spoken Seigneurie or Lordship That in what concernes writing from one man vnto another generally without exception this forme shall be obserued They shall begin the letter with the busines they are to treate of without setting beneath the Crosse or on the toppe of it or at the beginning of the line any title cypher or letter and they must end the letter saying God keepe your Seigneurie or Lordship or Worship and then the date of the time and place and then his signature without any courtesie before it and hee that hath taken a title shall mention it when he signes and whence that title is That in Superscriptions to a Prelate shall bee set downe the ecclesiasticall dignitie which he hath and to a Duke a Marquis or an Earle that of his estate and to Knights and other men their names and surnames saying To the Cardinall Archbishop or Bishop of such a place And in like manner To the Duke the Marquis or Earle of such a place and to meaner men To Don N. or to N. adding his surname and to euery one named in this Article may be set the dignitie office charge or degree which hee holds The vassall shall not be excepted out of this order writing to his Lord not the seruant to his master but the father to the sonne and the sonne father may adde their naturall name to their proper and betwixt the husband and the wife they may note the estate of their marriage and betwixt brethren the like allyance That the complements to women and among themselues by word or writing shall be the same that is vsed to their husbands That to men of religious Orders there shall be no other title giuen but father-hood or reuerence according to the charge which he holds And in the superscription with his name they may set the charge and degree which he hath in those Orders That whatsoeuer is contayned in these our letters and prouision shall be obserued by all the subiects of our dominions yea writing to them that are absent Moreouer to preuent the great disorder and excesse which hath beene and is daily committed in setting Coronets to their Scutcheons of armes and to their seales and somter cloathes We do ordaine and command that no manner of person shall set any Coronet to his seale or sompter cloath nor in any other place where he hath armes except Dukes Marquises and Earles who we hold may carry them beeing in their right forme and not otherwise And that the Coronets which haue beene carried shal be presently left and no more vsed And to the end it may be the better kept obserued and executed we ordaine and command that whosoeuer shall go against the contents of this our Edict or any part therof shal for euery breach incur a penalty of 10000. marauidis to be diuided after this maner a third part for the Informer another third part for the Iudge that shal giue sentence and the rest to godly vses the which shal be executed without any remission Wherefore we command all and euery of you that shall see these our letters and prouision and the contents therof the which we desire should hold the force of a Law or an Edict made and registred in our courts that you obserue and keep it and cause it to be obseru'd kept in euery point according to the contents against the forme and tenour whereof you shall not do nor suffer to be done at any time nor in any sort vppon the penalties which they do incurre which breake the commandements of their Kings and naturall Lords and vppon paine of our displeasure and the said thousand marauidis for euery one that do to the contrarie And to the end that no man shall pretend ignorance thereof wee command that these our said Letters and prouision shall be proclaimed publikely in our Court and that the contents be precisely and inviolably obserued from the first day of the yeare following 1587. and that no man do otherwise in any sort vpon the said paines Dated at S. Laurence the 8. day of October in the yeare 1586. Signed IO EL REY THis yeare Don Pedro de Toledo Pedro de Toledo vnfortunat in Affrick sonne to D. Garcia sought to make an attempt vpon Affricke but the little experience of some Neapolitans which landed in a small Iland called Cherchine was the cause of their ouerthrow and death beeing defeated by a small number of Moores which put them to flight Toledo beeing landed with the rest of his troupes and gone vp the other side of the Iland he vnderstood by the mariners of his mens successe which holding for an ill presage without care of any reuenge hee began to faint retiring with all his men into his gallies and bent his course towards Sicily where seeking to find some Pyrates in the end he came to Naples whether soone after came D. Iohn de Zuniga Earle of Miranda Viceroy of Naples or Estuniga Earle of Miranda and Viceroy of Naples the D. of Ossuna beeing called home into Spaine to the great content of the Neapolitans who taxed him for his cruell
all their sports with tumults Notwithstanding all this Farrax could not draw anie one out of his house they thinking he had been drunke but they cried to him out of their windowes that he should go sleep and that they had nothing to do with his follies This troupe of thieues had walked vp and downe all the night and no man durst goe view them In the end Farrax led them to the place from whenee they came and they were not followed the next day it was said they were thieues that were come to spoile There were some informations taken and there was an order made that there should be gardes throughout the citie whereunto the Moores should contribute The suspition increasing and some insolencies being done to them of this nation they came vnto the President beseeching him not to suffer them to be outraged protesting that they neuer had will nor thought to rebell that there was no reason to intangle them with other mens crimes with whom they had no intelligence and for caution of the innocencie of the Inhabitants of the Albayzin they offered if it pleased him that 200 of the chiefe amongst them would yeeld themselues prisoners the which being at the first refused was afterwards accepted when they had somewhat discouered that they were all conspired together and that they had intelligence with the Turkes of Alger by a packet which was surprised where there was found a book and letters which discouered much of their practises Among these people there were certaine fantastike and frantike spirites which dispersed certain prophecies amoÌ„g the people Superstitions amoÌ„g the Moors which they said were old by the which they had a deliuerer promised them who should deliuer them from the oppressions of the Christians the which indeed were great and intollerable to men whom they made beleeue were free and that they enioyed the Lawes equally with others This nation thus tired superstitious by nature and nothing instructed in the Christian religion had a suddaine desire in this persecution to call backe Mahomet and to abhorre the name of Iesus Christ whereupon they fell into open rebellion against the King and his magistrates and the first murders which they committed vpon the Christians were certaine Clerks yong practizers which came from Vxâ—car in the Alpuxarra to Granado to passe the holydaies there as they had vsually done euerie yeere and passing by the villages they made good cheere Murders done by the Moores vnder colour that they did belong to the Iustice. Of the which they dispatched some and then they did set vpon a troupe of 50 souldiers of the garrison of Adra who went also to Grando with the like insolencies whom they slue in a maner all The marquesse of Mondejar who was gone to Court to aduertise the King of the estate of the affaires returned with commaundement to suppresse the rebellion by armes and the gouernour lords knights townes and comminalties thereabouts had charge to assist him Wherefore hauing taken aduice of the magistrates of the royall Audience and others of the citie and especially of the archbishop hee prepared himselfe to set vpon them that were alreadie risen in confusion and without order but there being among them the abouenamed Farrax one Daut and Ferdinand of Cordoua and De Valor a knight of the Moores who said that hee was of the royall race of Aben Humega descending from the prophet Mahomet they assembled at Bresnar in the Alpuxarra to make election of a head where after much contention they did choose this Ferdinand to whom hauing giuen the title of a King Aben Humeia made king of the Moores rebelles he called himselfe Muley Mahomet Aben Humeia Farrax who would gladly haue beene and had in a maner promised it himselfe could not attaine vnto it but was content to be Alguazil maior which is the second dignitie like to that of Constable This Aben Hamcia was verie wel known in the city of Granado for his vanitie and other vices which decreased not in this great aduancement If we consider wel by the report of such as had seene this war the number of them that had rebelled the expectation that infinite others would rebell being of the same mind if they had well managed the meanes which they had gathered together as of Churches and Christians houses which they spoiled the neerenesse of the kings of Fez and Marroc and of the Turkes of Alger together with the bad agreement which was betwixt the gouernours and the royall Iustice of Granado and the neighbour prouinces who contended without all reason touching their manner of proceeding against these mutines euerie one seeking to make vse of his office and to fil his purse with so many goodly confiscations rich preies which fell daily Without doubt there was matters in this warre sufficient to haue ouerthrowne the Crowne of Spaine if it had beene managed by men of more discretion and iudgement than Aben Humeia and Farrax Aben Farrax It is not to be imagined what insolences they coÌ„mitted in the first furie of their raigne They slew all Christians males aboue ten yeres old that they could get especially clergie meÌ„ with al Iudges officers of iustice the womeÌ„ children they made slaues they spoiled churches fired them with most of the houses yea their own so as they made the boroughts good villages inhabitable in a short time grew sauage liuing among woods and rocks where they made their retreats being almost inaccessible drawing their wiues and children after them and abandoning them vpon any difficultie or let without any feeling of loue or charitie He might tearme himselfe happie among the Spaniards who beeing surprized in his house by Aben Humeias men did meet with some Moore of his acquaintance and truely there were some though very few who mooued with compassion did hazard their liues to saue Christians from whom they had receiued some pleasure Farrax Aben Farrax disapointed the which is not strange among reasonable creatures seeing it is often seene among bruit beasts Farrax Aben Farrax hauing had charge to gather together the gold siluer and mooueable goods which had beene abandoned to the spoyle to make a stocke for the warre and to buie armes in Barbarie whereof they had great want he committed so many insolencies and thefts as afterwards he was not imployed in any businesse neither durst he shew himselfe before king Aben Humeia who hauing past like a violent stream or rather a lightning by Locrin Lanjaron Orgiba Pugneyra Ferreyra Iubiles Vxicar and other places of the valley of Sierra Neuada hee was confirmed king at Andarax whereas he made Aben Zignâ— Alcaide or Captaine and Michel de Roxas his father in law his Treasurer generall and Hernando Caguer one of his Lieutenants or Marshals it is hee who saued most of the Christians from slaughter and spared their goods in this warre This tumultuarie king seeing himselfe followed hee threatned the citie of Almerie hee
made Salobregna to wauer with other maritime places whither the mountaines and the valleys stretch and in like manner all that coast which is vpon the declining of Sierra Vermeja vnto Gibraltar and Maruela so as in lesse than fifteene daies this mischeife ran aboue sixtie leagues and the law of Mahomet was openly profest among them Then the Moores dwelling in the Albayzin at Granado were in extreme danger there beeing a great garrison and souldiers comming thither daily from all parts and that which moued the Granadins to choler and compassion many men and women came naked thither hauing escaped the cruell hands of the Moores for in all places both champane and mountaines the old and new Christians had their dwellings mingled but the Moores were more in number and stronger The Moores about Salobregna contained themselues long for that their seat was not strong as within the mountaines neither did they reuolt but through the violence that was done them by the kings souldiers and by his Lieutenants who were most insolent and disobedient to their Commanders in all this warre Salobregna and Motril are vpon the sea where there growes much good wine the riches of the inhabitants In the citie of Almerie neere vnto them were aboue sixe hundred families of the Moores who did not stirre and were preserued by the Gouernour notwithstanding that one Mare Ramir a Moore with some other indiscreet men thereabouts sought to murther him The Lords of villages who had no houses of strength did wisely to retire themselues for whersoeuer they were the weaker they were set vpon and slaine as it happened to D. Iohn Zapate who sought to make it good in the Church of Guejares de Fondon where he was forced and burnt with 150. men The Marquesse of Mondejar and he of Velez raised either of them an armie by order from the Councell and inuaded the Moores one by Granado and the other by Basa the Marquesse of Zenete bending towards the sea to Almerie These two Commanders neuer ioyned during all this warre although they came neere together vpon the declining of the mountaines that were betwixt them which were in manner plaine towards the West Dispositions of the marquesâ—â— of Mondeiar he of Velez Generals against the Moores for they were of very different humors D. Lewis Faiardo marquesse of Velez was proud ambitious impatient of all superioritie and bloodie and hee of Mondejar was milde and courteous seeking rather to persuade than to force the rebels the marquesse of Velez was suddaine in his exploits he of Mondejar was staied and did not aduance without great deliberation and therefore he was taxed to be slowe and to regard his owne priuate interest for that he was Lord of many places in those mountaines and other parts of the countrie which were vnpeopled by this warre to the preiudice of his rights and reuenewes The first lodging his campe made beeing gone to field was at Alendin and from thence to Padul which is the first borough of the valley of Lecrin hauing with him the nobility and the troupes of Granado and Andalusia he of Velez that of Murcia Basa and the neighbour places In the absence of the marquesse of Mondejar the Earle of Teudille his sonne commaunded in Granado for martiall matters beeing lodged in the Alhambra the Castle and royall Palace there At Dureal a league from Padul Laurence d'Auila was lodged with the bands of seuen Townes of the iurisdiction of Granado and Gonsal'd Alcantara with a company of horse making as it were the foreward They were charged in the night by a multitude of Moores whereof Michel de Granado de Xaba was the chief thinking to disorder them but the souldiers made it good and repulsed their enemies of whom there were two hundred slaine whereat Aben Humeia was in such a rage for this bad successe as he had a desire to cut off Xabas head These two marquesses were not sole Commaunders of the warre in that Countrey for euerie Gouernour or Captaine of a place would make enterprises of his owne head imparting nothing vnto them nor attending their commaundements for euery man aimed at spoile D. Garcia de Villaroel gouernour of Almerie went to field to surprize a troupe of Moores which were assembled at Benahaduz and threatned to besiege Almerie whom he dispersed Alphonso Habis de Vanegas a faithfull Moore and slue many of them among other Brahen Cacis their captaine There was with D. Garcia D. Alphonso Habis de Vanegas a Moore of the bloud of the auncient kings of Granado who had beene solicited by the rebells to be their King the which hee reiected and persisted faithfully in the seruice of king Philip. The marquesse of Mondejar passing on into Alpuxarra tooke the pace of Tablado by force a place of importance for the passage being betwixt two mountaines where hee built a bridge ouer a very deepe valley the which being broken or kept they cannot go from the one to the other but must fetch a compasse of foure great leagues The gard of this bridge was committed to Pedro d'Arroio with certaine companies and then the armie marched towards Orgiba the which was abandoned by the Moores being amazed Many women and children were freed and they that had defended the Tower of that place seuenteene dayes where the Moores had giuen diuerse assaults and reduced them to great want of victualls There was the like deliuery of prisoners with the gaine of some booty made at Poqueira where Aben Humeia had lodged with a great number of Moors but they durst not stay There they had newes that the garrison which they had left at Tablado had been surprised and cut in peeces with their Captaine Deâ—ote and death of Pedro d'Arroio of the Moores who was found yet panting amongst the dead two daies after whenas thee marquesse recouered this passage againe without the which they cannot come nor goe from the campe to Granado D. Alphonso de Reynoso was left there to keepe a more carefull gard and had expresse commandement to staie the souldiers which retired with their bootie without leaue The greatest disorder which hindered this warre was the disobedience of the new leuied souldiers to their Commaunders who longed still to be at home when they had gotten any spoile and it was a hard matter to stay them for they had no pay The Moores in like manner were without discipline being ignorant of warre and nothing apt to armes yea most of them were vnarmed labourers shepheards and Artisans who could cast stones and handle slings well their captaines were not much more skilfull in their charges and dueties but being once acquainted with the Turkes they recouered Crossebowes and harquebuses and did learne to vse them Their greatest feare in Spaine was that they should haue intelligence with the Turkes of Alger and the Moores of Barbarie their neighbours the which they could not preuent The marquesse of Mondejar pursuing Aben Humeia hee brought his armie to Pitres