about 3000. to neare 400. paces from the citie not without the great endaungerment of them of the Castle aswell of their artillerie as courses and skyrmishes which by the knights were daily offered to them And the same very morning as a renied Spaniard tolde mee 20. kinghts came foorth to the skirmish euen to the pauillion of the Bascha and that in despite of the whole campe â—hey caryed away with them a Turke prisoner Before I passe any further for the more certain intelligeÌ„ce of matters I haâ—â—â—hoght good to make a summarie description of the foundation and cituation of Tripoli Foundations of the citie of Tripoli Chap. 18. TRipoli is a Citie of Barbarie cituated on the maine lande vpon the coast of the Sea Mediterrane and was first builded of the Romans and afterwardes subdued by the Gothes which possessed the same vnto the time of Homer the seconde Califfe and was by the Africanes so straightly besieged that about the ende of sixe monethes they constrained the Gothes to flee towards Carthage to abandon the citie which being taken pylled and defaced part of the inhabitants being slaine and part kept prisoners fell in the end vnder the puissance of the kings of Thunes which dyd reedifie the same But it came to passe that whylest Albuhenan king of Fez made warre with Abulhabbes king of Thunes whom he took prisoner the Geneuois with an armie of twentie shippes tooke it pilled it and carryed away the most part of the inhabitauntes prisoners of which taking the king of Fez being aduertised sent in diligeÌ„ce to compounde with them for the deliuerance of the citie and prisoners for the sum of fiftie thousand crownes which were deliuered vnto them in readie money but after the giuing ouer and their departure they founde the one halfe of the money to be counterfeated Afterwarde the king of Thunis was set at libertie vpon an accord and alliaunce which hee made with Abuselim king of Fez and by that meanes returned too Tripoli which was of him and hys long time possessed vntyll such time as the inhabitants not being able to support the extortions Tyrannies of the Gouernours which by the kings were sent thither did chase them away with al the other kinglie officers And hauing chosen vnto their Lorde a Citizen of their citie deliuered into his handes all the reuenewes treasures of the same who gouerned for a certaine space very well shewing himselfe milde and tractable towardes the Citizens But when he sawe himselfe mounted to so high dignitie waxing proude aboue measure euen sodainly changed his good maners and vertues into most vitious tyraÌ„nies which gaue occasion vnto a brother of his to take away his life from him to the people to constraine through importunitie an Heremit which had bin brought vp in the court of the Prince Abubaco against his will too take the charge and administration of the citie which notwithstanding he gouerned with all modestie to the great contentment of the inhabitauntes vntill the yeere 1510â— and such time as Fardinando king of Spaine by force of armes came occupied the same and after his death was by the Emperour Charles the fith giuen vnto the knights of the religion who brake down the citie to the intent to fortifie the castle whiche they furnished with artillerie and other munitions necessary and yet notwithstanding hath been so ill looked vnto whether it was through the auarice of the grand master or negligence of those of the religion that in the ende to their great shame and ouerthrow it is againe fallen into the hands of the Barbaries in maner as hereafter shall be declared vnto you For that presently we will not leaue the following on vpon our purpose So now this citie is enuironed by great circuit with hilles a great number of Palm trees bearing dates amongst which are seene many towers and goodly buildings ruined with certaine Mosques cestarnes vaulted amongst which one which was vnbroken besides that it was very great ful of water of excellent goodnes was all paued with fine Marber of Numidia notwithstanding that the ground is leane sandy yet being wel tilled trimmed doth beare many good frutefull trees as Oliue trees Corniers Carabiers and great abundaÌ„ce of palm trees of the fruit of which trees the more part of the inhabitants which are poore needie are nourishedâ— Also ther grow good Melons Raues and pateques in steed of corn they sow Maith which is a kind of grosse Mill of that grain they make meale which they knead with water and thereof make bread for their eating which they bake vppon an yâ—â—n plate heated with a smal fire because they haue nothing els to burn but the wood of the palme tree as for the commodities of the waters vpon high places they vse cesternes but vppon the plaine along the Sea side they haue many welles of sweete water aswel for their drinking as for the watering of their grouÌ„d gardens they haue also great quantitie of Oxen Asses and sheepe which haue very long tayles more then a foote long of which the flesh is very tender and delicate and aboue al other haue great number of camels for I haue seen in one field nere the towne of Tripoli aboue three thousand going in one pasture Of Basar where were solde the christians taken in the Ile of Sicile Malta and Gose and of the maner of trenches Gabions and battries of the Turke Chap. 19. HAuing wel considered the placing of the campe the town and castle we returned to the Bascha with whom the Ambassadour talked a while and in the meane while I went to see the market of the Turks which they call Basar being hard by where the poore Christians of Sicil Malta Gose were sold vnto those that most offered for them last inhaunsers being permitted vnto those that bought them as the auncient custome of the Orientall Barbarians is to stripp them starke naked to make theÌ„ goe to the intent to see if they haue any naturall impediment in their bodies visiting afterwards theyr teeth and eyes as though they had been horses and standing there I saw creeping vpon the ground a Scorpion of yealowe coloure being of length more then a long finger The same day the Turks brought their ordinaÌ„ce gabioÌ„s vnto the trenches whiche Gabions are made of great plankes of three inches which they carry vpon their gallies or shippes to serue them when they haue neede of them for when they will batter any place they set them in the ground in forme of Baskets Afterwards being set in rankes they fill them with earth and is a very commodious inuention for the shot which can but slippering passe ouer it and can doe no hurt nor dammage The Turks hauing in the night placed their gabions their ordinance readie to the battry did the next day folowing beyng y e eight of August begin to shoote at
king Henry the second towards Soliman Emperor of the Turkes from the yle of Malta to proceede on his voyage towards Leuant 1.31 Description of the yle Citharee vulgarely called Cerigo 2.32 Antiquities by the authour obserued in the yle of Citharee 3.32 Of our departure from the yle of Citharaee or Cerigo 4.34 Of our arriuall at the yle of Chio. 5.34 Description of the yle of Chio. 6.35 Of the citie of Chio. 7.36 Of the gouernment of the yle and citie of Chio. 8.41 Of the yle of Metelin 9.42 Of our nauigation froÌ„ the yle of Metelin to Galliopoli 10.43 Of the citie of Galliopoli 11.44 Of the foundatioÌ„ of Bizance now called CoÌ„stantinople 12.47 The reedification of Byzance by Constantine the great Emperour 13.48 Of two marueilous fires happened by chaunce at two seuerall times within Constantinople 14.49 Of two earthquakes hapned within Constantinople 15.49 Antiquities of Constantinople 16.50 Of the castle of 7. towres by the Turks called Iadicula 17.50 Of the Sarail wherein the great Turke dwelleth 18.51 The great Sarail or Sarail of women 19.53 Of the most famous temple of S. Sophia and other Mosques of Constantinople 20.57 Of the bathes and maner of washing of the Turkes 21.58 Of the women of Turkie going vntoo the bathes and of their apparrell and maner of cleannesse 22.59 Of the place called Bezestan and other publike markets 23.62 Of the Citie of Pera or Galata 24.65 Of the women and maidens of Grecia of the Peratins Franques of Pera or Galata 25.65 The Chapters of the thirde booke OF the origin and bringing vppe of the Azamoglans being children of tribute leauied vppon the Christians being subiectes and tributaries vnto the great Turke 1.69 Of the Azamoglans rusticke 2.71 Of the origin and first institution of the order of Ianissaries 3.73 Of the Ianissaries which are continually about the gates of the great Lord or at Constantinople 4 7â— Of the Bolucks Bassis being captaines ouer a hundreth Ianissaries 5.78 Of the Ianissarie Aga Captains generall of the Ianissaries 5.79 Of the Solaquis archers and of the ordinary gard of the great Turke 7.80 Of the Peicz or Lacquaes of the great Turk 8.82 Of the apparrell custome and maner of liuing of the auncient Peicz or Lacquaes of the Emperours of Turkie 9.84 Of the wrastlers of the great Turke called Guressis or Peluianders 10.86 Of the Cookes and other officers of the kitchin of the greate Turke and ordinary manner of the eating of the Turkes 11 90. Of the Phisitions of Constantinople 12.93 Of the Grecian Peysants or husbandmen called Voinucz 13.95 Oâ— the Cadilesquers great doctours of the lawe Mahometicke and chiefe Iustices of the Turkes 14 97. Of foure sundry religions of the Turks their maner of liuing portraites of the religious first of the Geomalers 15.99 Of the 2. sect of the religious Turks called Calenders 16.101 Of the 3. sect of the religious Turks called Deruis 17.102 Of the 4 sect of the religious Turks called Torlaquis 18.104 Of other religious Turkes leading a solitary life amongest beasts 19.106 Of those which do cal theÌ„selues kinsemeÌ„ to Mahomet 20.108 Of the Pilgrims of Mecqua by the Turkes called Hagislars 21.110 Of the Sacquas carriers of water beyng also pylgrims of Mecqua 22.112 The Chapters of the fourth Booke OF the auncient lawes and manner of liuing of the Persians 1.113 Of the religion and ceremonies of the ancient Persians 2.115 The auncient weapons of the Persians 3.115 Of the religion of the Persians vsed now adayes 4.115 Of the estate of the Persians now adayesâ— 5.116 Of the wanton and voluptuous life of the Persians 6.117 Description of the kingdome of the Persians 7.118 Of the Persian women 8.119 Description of the three Arabies and first of the rocky or stonie 9.121 Of Arabia the desart 10.121 Of Arabia the happie 11.122 Of the auncient maner of liuing lawes and religion of the Arabians 12.125 Of the aduentures called Dellis or Zatasnisis 13.126 Of the men and women of Cilicia presently called Caramonia 14.128 Of Celicia presently called Caramonia 15.129 Of the merchant Iewes dwelling in Constantinople and other places of Turkie and Grecia 16.130 Of the Armenians 17.133 Religion maner of liuing of the ancient ArmeniaÌ„s 18.133 Moderne religion of the Armenians 19.133 Of Armenia 20.134 Of the Ragusins 21 136. Of the pollicy and gouernment of the Ragusins 22.136 Of the citie of Raguse 23.139 Description of Thracia 24.139 Of the city of Andrinopoli 25.140 Maner lawes religion and auncient order of liuing of the Thracians 26.145 Of the auncient opinion of the Thracians touching the immortality of the soule 27.145 The auncient armes of the Thracians 28.146 The description of Graecia 29.149 Of the maner and auncient order of lyuing of the Graecians 30.153 Of Licurgus lawes giuen vnto the Lacedemonians 31.153 Of the Athenians 32.154 The lawes of Solon giuen to the Athenians 33. 155. The armes of the Macedonians 34.156 The auncient religion of the Graecians 35.158 The Moderne religion of the Graecians 36.158 Imprinted at London by Thomas Dawson 1550. The Lorde of Aramont sent Ambassadour from the king of Fraunce to Soliman Emperour of the Turkes The voiage by land from CoÌ„stantinople to Ragusa Nauigation from Ragusa to Venice Iourney from Venice to the city of Blois The Lorde of ArramoÌ„t made gentleman ordinarye of the kings chamber and captain of two gallies The king coÌ„maundeth the author of this booke to goe with the Ambassadour into Leuant The departure of the Lord of Arramont froÌ„ the court to returne on hys Ambassadge in to Leuant in anno 1551. The Ladye of Arramont receyueth the Ambassadour her husband at Auignion The Ambassadour fell into an extreame sicknes at Marseille He recouereth his health Port of Carry Ingratitude mother of al vices Cape de Creo. Description of the Iles Baleares Vigece saith the inhabitaÌ„tes of this Ile to haue been the first inuentors of casting with the sling Description of the Iles pitious Description of the Palais The king of Alger receiueth the Ambassadour Capi-aga Capigis The Ambassadour saluteth the king Liberalitie of the king Couetous nanation Conspiracie of the Turkes against vs. The Turkes rose in armâ—s against vs. Erasme nephew vnto captaine Coste was deliuered vnto y e Turkes â—o appease theÌ„ Cape of Matafus Change of names of Alger Furnaces fitly made for breeding of chickins Camels and oxen shod The Moores do ride their horses with-without saddel or bridel VVeapons of the Moores Manie renâ—ed christians in Alger A miserable life of the christian slaues in Alger Pleasant Gardens Sauo a riuer Tipasa an old citie Ferdinando king catholike constrayneth the Moores to a truce Selim slaine by treason Cape of Tedele Strange myce Teddel Borasque of Barbary moste dangerous for saylers Porte of Bone Bone anciently Hippon Charl. the v. builded there a castel The Spaniards driuen out of the castle Merdez a people A church builded by S. Aug. Cape de Rose Galite and Symboles A flying fishe Newes
report great praise of Vlisses For that he knew many mens manners and saw many cities And as histories beare witnesse of Mithridates the King of Pontus whose peregrinations and expeditions into forreyne landes was so beneficiall that besides a number of vnnamed commoditities he had the exquisite vse of two and twenty sundry tongues But nowe Right honorable and Noble to stop this flowing streame of wordes I leaue to the leuell of your exact considerations the manifold vtilities of peregrination because you are completely furnished with knowledge and experience in that behalfe not seuered but vnited Beseeching you to accept at my handes with no lesse fauour and well liking than is presented with hearty goodwill and honest meaning a work extant in French published in Duitch now printed in English at my costes charges for the general profite pleasure of the studious and al such as delight in nouelties Wherin thinges no lesse straunge and true are remembred than eyther Christopherus Colonus noteth in his voyage to the Indies or Petrus Martyr de Angleria mentioneth of the West Ocean ylandes or Gonzalus Ferdinandus Ouiedus specifieth of the occidentall Indies or Ludouicus Wertomannus rehearseth of Arabia Aegypt Persia Syria Aethiopia c. or Maximilian Transiluan recordeth of the wonderfull nauigation of the Spaniards rounde about the worlde c. Hoping that your Honorable wisedomes wil esteeme of it as the commendable labours of an aduenturous and skilfull trauelled Gentleman doth requyre which is the vttermost and indeede all in all that I can wish sauing health and happye dayes to your Honors with the fulnesse of all vertue and perfect noblenesse Your Honors most humble to be commanded Iohn Stell The first Booke of the nauigations and peregrinations Orientals of Nicholas de Nicholaij of Daulphine Chamberlaine and Geographar Ordinarie of the King of Fraunce The departure and voyage of the Lorde of Aâ—amont Ambassadour for the King towardes the great Turke from Constantinople to returne into Fraunce Chap. 1. ABout the end of the yeere of our Lord 1550. The Lord of Aramont a wyse vertuous Gentleman after he had for many yeeres bin Ambassadour for the most Christian kings Frauncis the first of that name and Henrie the 2. towardes Soliman Emperour of the Turkes about certain affaires greatly importing his charge was by the said Soliman sent backe into Fraunce and departing froÌ„ the citie of Constantinople aunciently called Bizance and of the Turks Stambolda hauing trauayled through the countries of Thracia Macedonia Bulgaria and surmounted the height and sharpnesse of the mount Rhodope vulgarly called the mountes of siluer because of the siluer mynes that there are found and passed Morannia Bossina and Seruia whiche by the auncients was called Mysia differing from those whiche are in Asia came to Ragusa in times past called Epidauia a citie in Dalmatia most rich and famous cituated vpon the Sea Adriatique gouerned in common wealth as hereafter in his place shalbe declared From thence inbarking himselfe in a Brigantin passed along by the Goulphe Adriatique the coasts of Dalmatia Slauonia the Ile of Istria vnto the cytie of Venice afterwardes taking his iourney by land towardes Padoa Vincence Veronne Bresse other towns of the Seigniorie of Venice of the Grisons Switsers arriued in the end at Lyons and from thence to Roane where hee imbarked vppon the riuer of Loyre repayred to the king beyng in the citie of Blois where his maister did receyue hym with all royall humanitie and hauing well and at large vnderstanded the proceedinges in his charge and the cause of his comming often putting the same to the deliberation of his counsell his returne was finallye concluded and resolued and that for the more suretie of his voyage he shoulde returne by Sea To which intent and in consideration of his vertue and seruice hauing already honourably endued him with the estate of a Gentleman ordinarie of his chamber hee gaue vnto hym two Gallies of the best and best furnished that were within the haueÌ„ of Marseillie ordayned the knight of Seur a man of great experience and excellent iudgement to accompany him with his galliot well appointed and I for certaine causes was by his maiestie expressely commaunded to assist him in all places during his voyage The departure of the Lorde of Arramont from the Court to returne in his ambassadge into Leuant towardes the greate Turke Chap. iâ— THE sayde Lorde of Arramount thus beeyng dispatched with all thinges necessary for his voyage hauing taken his leaue of his maiestie and of all the Princes and Lordes of hys counsell we departed from Hoyron a house in Poytou moste faire and stately belonging vnto Monsieur de Boissij Knyght of the order and greate maister of his Maiesties horse about the last of May 1551. and in fewe dayes after beyng come to Lyons we embarked vpon the Rhone a riuer being one of the swiftest of al Europe to go downe into Auignion where my Lady of Aramount of most feruent desire and singuler affection was attending her husbande as hauing byn depriued of his presence more then tenne yeeres And there being arriued he was of her receyued wyth incredible ioye and contentation as also of the Gentlemen and Ladies dwelling within the Citie and thereaboutes his kinsmen and Allies who all came to visite and bidde him welcome Afterwardes about the ende of the fifteenth daye after wee had rested ourselues the Ambassadour being mindfully bent to his charge hauing sette an order in his housholde affaires and taken his leaue of all parties sent downe his traine by water himselfe went by land accompanied with his kinsfolke certain Gentlemen went to visit the countie of Tende gouernor Lieuetenant general for the king in Prouince at his house at Marignane the day folowing they both arriued at Marseillie were lodged in the kings lodging where within few dayes after the Ambassador was takeÌ„ with a grieuous sickenes which persecuted him so violeÌ„tly that men dispayred of his life NotwithstaÌ„ding he was so diligently tended succoured of God men that before the captain Coste his Lieuetenant had giuen order for the ful rigging of his gallies the knight de la Seure his Galliot he recouered his health so as the iiii day of the moneth of Iulie in the yeere before specified about euensong time the Ambassadour his coÌ„pany imbarked in his gallies The ankers being weied by force of oares we went to the yle of If distant froÌ„ Marseillye one mile at the fortresse wherof my Lord the county of Tende accompanied with the great prior of Rome the Lord of Carses the captain Marse captain Pier bon captain of the said fortresse diuers other captaines gentlemen souldiers with xv gallies there caused a supper to be prepared And after the table was takeÌ„ vp and leaue taken of both parties the said countie with his companie
the Sea Mediterane giuen all to whoredome sodometrie theft and all other most detestable vices lyuing onely of rouings spoyles pilling at the Seas and the Ilande beyng about them and with their practick art bryng dayly too Algera number of pore Christians which they sell vnto the Moores and other merchauntes of Barbarie for slaues who afterwarde transport them and sell them where they thinke good or els beating them miserably wyth staues doo imploy and constraine them too woorke in the fields and in all other vile and abiect occupations and seruitude almost intollerable And therfore it is not to be marueyled at though these poore Christian slaues made of it no scruple at all in putting of vs in danger to set themselues at libertie Without the Citie towardes the West are manye fayre and pleasaunte Gardens sette and adourned with diuers trees brynging foorth fruites of all sortes Amongest other thinges there bee milons of marueylous goodnesse and incomparable sweetnesse they haue also another frute called Pateque which the Italians call Anguries beeing like in bignesse and colour to our greene citrouilles in winter which they eate rawe wythout bread or salt and hath a tast so delicate sweete that it melteth in ones mouth giuing a water as it were sugred and serue greatly to refresh and digest About theyr Gardens are many Welles full of good water and the grounde there aboutes although it is mountaines and vallies is verie fertile for frutes and vines On the other part towards the East wythout the towne runneth into the Sea a small riuer called Sauo which serueth well aswell to drinke of as other commodities and also maketh many mylles to grynde The course of the Sea from the Cape of Marfuz where as yet are seene the foundations of the auncient citie Tipasa which in times paste was by the Emperours of Rome honoured in prayse of the countrie Latine doth bow wind lyke vnto a Crosbowlath and all along the riuer and the shoare the Moorishe women and mayden slaues of Alger doe goe too washe theyr lynnen being commonly whole naked sauing that they weare a peece of cotton cloath of some strange colour to couer their secrete partes which notwithstanding for a litle peece of money they will willinglie vncouer They weare also for an ornament about theyr necke armes and legges great collers or bracelets of latten set wyth certaine false stones But as for the wiues of the Turkes or Moores they are not seene goe vncouered for they weare a greate Bernuche made of a blanket of white blacke or violet colour which couereth theyr whole body and the head And to the end yee shoulde more easilye comprehende the maner of all theyr apparrel I haue thought good in the ende of this present Chapter liuelye too sette foorth vnto you a woman as shee goeth in the streete and a maiden Moore beeing a slaue The seconde daye after our arriuall at Alger I founde the meanes for moneye and withe fayre woordes too hyre a renyed Spaniarde too conducte and leade mee thorowe all places that I most desired too see So as by his meanes I saw and learned many things within iiii or v. dayes that we were there in quiet And namely brought me vpon a high mountaine being a myle from the towne to see behold the cituation of a very strong and great tower beeyng buylded vpon another mountaine there neere about gently enquiring of him what strength the tower might be of he declared vnto me that the bredth of the ditches about the same was xvij brases sauing about the gate entry into it towardes the North it was only seuen fadomes broade and twoo speare lengths deep Moreouer he saide vnto me that within the fortresse there were niene great cast pieces and xviij other as wel mynions as faw conets other and that in the middest of the tower there was a wel of very good water vpon the height therof standing a windemill and another standing without the gates And that xxx ordinary souldiers are committed within it to keep the same And to make shorte that this tower was made to none other intent as also others since haue confirmed then for the garding and keeping of the fountayne heads which from thence are brought and conueyed vnder the water into the citie A Woman Moorisque of Alger in Barbarie as she goeth in the streetes A Mayden Moorisque being a slaue in Alger By what meanes Cairadin Barberousse came to be king of Alger Chap. 9. ALger was long time vnder the dominion of the king of Telensin vntil such time as they of Bugie chose a newe Kyng vnto whom they gaue and rendred them selues as his tributaries because he was neerer vnto them then the king of Telensin and that he could sooner helpe them if need were But in processe of time perceiuing themselues to bee as it were free and out of al doubt armed certaine shippes too the sea wyth the which they became suche Coursaires or pirates that in short time they annoyed by their pyracies robberies on the Sea not onely the coast of Spayne but also all the Mediterane ylandes Whiche perceiuing Ferdinando the king Catholike sent to Alger a great army to assiege them for to keep them in most distresse caused with a marueilous readinesse a forte to be made in a smal yland which lyeth before the citie keeping them by that meanes so straightly besieged that in short time they were constrained to require a truce for ten yeeres Which was agreed vnto them vpon condition of a certayne tribute which they payed vntill the death of king Ferdinando for then they espying a conuenient tyme and meanes too breake the truce and to set them selues at liberty called vnto them Cairadin Barba-rousse who after the siege of Bone retired to the castle of Gegill standing in the coast of the Mediterane Sea vppon the toppe of a high rock 70. myles from Bugie who being by them chosen too be their chiefe captaine gaue many fierce assaults vnto the fortresse so as he put the Spaniards too flight and incontinent after caused it to be ruined and pulled downe euen to the foundation He then seyng so happy successe of his enterprise could no longer abyde to be as companion but in a bath traiterously slew a prince of Arabie called Selim who declared himself to be Lord of the Citie Afterwardes forsaking the name of a Captayne any longer caused himselfe to be called king and coyned money vnder his name and so wel guided his affayres that in short time after he brought all his neighbours about him to become contributory vnto him Such was the beginning of the magnificent estate of Cariedin Barbe-rousse after whose death his brother Hariadne succeeded him in the kingdome after him his sonne Cassam who reigned at the time we arriued there Of the further procession of our Nauigation Chap. x. TO returne to the discourse of our nauigation
only vnto straungers like as I was vnto them but scarce they will trust them with their nearest parents whether they be father or brother so full are they of suspition and Ielousie The first Sibille called Sanabete or Sambetha of whome Nicanor maketh mention describing the deedes of Alexander was of nation a Persian notwithstanding that some doe say a Chaldean hauing too her father one called Berose and her mother beeing called Erimanthe shee compounded foure and twentie bookes and prophesied the myracle of the fiue loaues and two fishes as more amplie is treated in the booke of the Sebilles A Woman of Persia. Description of the three Arabies and first of the rockie or stonie Chap. 9. To come to the more easier knowledge of the lawes manners customes religion and maner of lyuing of the auncient and moderne Arabians I haue taken in hande first to beginne with the description of their countrey which according to ptolomie and other Geographers aswel ancient as moderne hath bin diuided into three prouinces to wit Arabia the stonye Arabia the desart and Arabia the happy Arabia the stony was thus called of the name of the old and famous citye of Petra called in Esaie the stone of the desart and presently according to Voleteran Arach Notwithstanding that the vulgare Arabians doe cal it Rabach cituated vpon the brooke Arnon and wheras aunciently was the seat royall namely in the time of the most puissant king Areta which about the comming of our sauiour into the world was king Or els this countrie is called stonie because of the great mountaines and rocks which enuirone close the same in Notwithstanding that within the same are found diuers fountaines abounding of very good waters she bordereth on the West with Egypt almost in the midst of Istma being between the castles of Posside presently called Ara and Rinocorura lying vpon the further parts of the redde sea or the Arabian sea on the part of our Mediterane sea the lake of Syrboni betweene which space whereof Plinie maketh but 125. myles the seas coÌ„ming froÌ„ diuers parts do diuide theÌ„selues And the third part of the world which is Asia the greater ioyneth there with the firme land of Egypt aboue Istma at the mouth of the red sea which appertaineth vnto this Arabia and extendeth beyond the gulph Elanitick and the city Elane of whom this gulph hath taken his name Of the East and the south it is enuironed with mouÌ„tains which diuide the same on the one side from Arabia the happy and on the other part froÌ„ the desart On the North it bordereth with Syria entring vnto the lake Asphaltide so named because of the aboundaunce of the Asphalte which it produceth which is gathered vppon this lake of whiche is made the Greeke fire some doe call it Stercus Demonum for that the smell thereof stinketh verye muche Philadelphe and Batanee and in none other place is the sayde Arabia more fertile then in this This Arabia was in times past through the great heat barreÌ„nesse of the fields little estemed of the auncients but we ought otherwise to think thereof for the memorie and reuerence of the dyuine things which there haue happened for beâ—ingly shee receyued and kept the children of Israel for the space of forty yeeres after they had maruellously passed dry foote through the redde sea And likewise the same tyme the Citie of Madian nourished Moyses his wife and children Likewise within the same is the mount Sinai or Oreb which Ptolome calleth Melane and the Moores Turla vpon the which the law was giuen vnto Moyses Neere vnto this mount is the stone which beeing touched by the saide Moyses cast forth water abundantly to the great alteration of the children of Israel Likewise towards Egypt is the mount Casie so renowned for the sepulture of Pompee the great which there is Plynie calleth the people of this Arabia and of the desart Scenites because they dwelled vnder tentes cabbynes wythout hauing any other houses or buyldinges and like Vagabondes went straying with their cattell from place to place staying onely at the place where aboundaunce of pasture bade them Their most famous and auncient neighbors are the Nabathees so called by the name of Nabaioth the sonne of Ismael neighbors also vnto the Amouerats Of Arabia the desart Chap. 10. THe second Arabia which is the desart is of greate compasse and Solitude which on the West part according to Ptolome bordereth vppon Arabia the stonie and on the East with the Sea Persick and along the Chaldees is deuided from Arabia the happie being on the North side with the riuer Euphrates whiche commeth from Comaigene she is inhabited with diuers peoples whereof those whiche are called Nabaâ—â—ees which doe dwell in the East partes the most desart and without water goe straying like vntoo theeues through the fieldes making many incursions vpon theyr neighbours and vnto the Carouanes which thereby doe passe to go to Medine and to the Mecqua For in all Arabia the desart there are but these two Townes and the place called Metach where Mahomet wrote his Alcoram but there are many small castles the Countrie is so barren that it bringeth foorth neither trees fruites nor waters but very little But the inhabitants whiche doe none other occupation then to robbe and steale doe dig there certaine pittes which are vnknowne vnto the strangers by that meanes doe eschewe the daunger of their enemies cannot be ouercome likewise haue alwayes liued with al libertie without at any time to haue beene subiect vnto strange kynges but vnder certaine Captaines vnto whom they obey Many haue written that besides these greate desartes there is another called the sandye sea the greatest whereof whiche is called Benahali is in breadth twelue dayes iourney beyng all whyte and loose sande These saide desarts are called sea for that like vnto the sea they are subiect vnto the fortune of the wyndes so as those which doe conduct the Carouanes are constrayned to helpe them selues with the carde and compasse as the marriners doe vpon the sea And he which is the guide goeth before mouÌ„ted on a cammel but if through misfortune the wind come coÌ„trary vnto their way diuers are found buried in the sand wheÌ„soeuer that hapneth few do escape the peril these dead carcases being by succession of time discouered are curiously takeÌ„ vp carried vnto the merchants who buy the same and is as diuers do affirme that which is called Mumie Plutarch wrytinge of the lyfe of Alexander maketh mention that in thys greate desarte remayned dead vnder the sandes fifty thousand menne of the armie of Cambises this sand being moued with a storme which blew out of the south And that which is worse in al this sandy sea is found no water but those which do passe through it must carry the same vpon their Camels with al other things necessary for the sustentation of their bodies for during these twelue dayes iourney there is
nothing to be found but white sande The principallest places of this Arabia neere vnto the redde Sea are the Citie of Zidem the porte of Mecqua and the yle of Camarran The people thereof are of complection neerer the blacke then white and are all Mahometistes Of Arabia the happie Chap. 11. THe third Arabia so called of Arabo the sonne of Apollo of Babylon by the Graecians called Eudemon which signifieth very happie separateth Iudea from Egypt and deuideth it selfe from Arabia the desart at the port of Zidem within the firme lande stretcheth vnto Arabia the stonie shee hath at the mouth of the Sea the citie of Adem whiche is in greatnesse strength quantitie of people trafficke of merchandize the most famous not only of this prouince but likewise of al those other parts Moreouer Fatarque the Ile of Maeyra at the cape of Reselgati Calha Masquati Curia on the side of the streight of Ormus and also amongest the mountaines are diuers other Cities Castles and Villages The people are very apte for the armes because they are ordinarilye exercised in the warres Their horses are the best in the world and haue great number of Camels and Oxen whom they vse in carying of fardles and burdens and other things necessarie Of nature they are presumptuous and proude notwithstanding doe obey vnto a king which for the most part of the time hath warres with certaine people of the other Arabies The part of this Arabia bordering vpon Ethyopia by the auncients called Trogloditick beginneth vpon the red sea towards the counâ—â—ie of the Abissins and endeth at the yle of Madagassar otherwise called the yle of S. George and extendeth neere vnto the yle of Delaque some do say that it extendeth no further then vnto the cape of Guardafumi whiche if it bee so she hath without the streight Zeila Barbora and within Delaque Laquari being a port not greatly peopled froÌ„ whence if it were not for feare of the ArabiaÌ„s whiche assaile and robbe the Carouanes that passe along ye might by land goe ouer in 6. daies vnto the riuer of Nyl The richest best peopled nation of this region are the Sabees The Metropolitan Citie wherof is called Saba cituated on a high mounted in which their king was in times past created by succession of linage with great honour and reioycing of the people whose life although the same seemed to be happy for that he might do al thinges and had euery man at commaundement without giuing account or reason of those thinges which he did it was mixed with a great many of perplections for that it was not permitted vnto him to goe out of his pallace vppon paine that attempting the contrary to bee foorthwith stoned by the people being an auncient superstition and obseruance which they had by an oracle of their goddes This region aboue all the other in the world is the most pleasant and abundant of things pretious Aromaticke Moreouer it beareth corne aboundaÌ„tly oliues all other excellent fruites and is watered with dyuers riuers most wholesome fountaines The South parte is furnished with diuers faire forrests full of trees bearing Frankincense and mirrhe Palme trees Cinamond Casse LedanuÌ„ the sauour of these trees being vnto the smelling of men of such a sweetnesse that the same seemeth rather to be heauenly then earthly or humane So as it might be saide that nature consulted there to gather togither so many good and sweete smelles In the same forrests are a great number of redd and venimous serpents which leaping vpon men doe byte them with poyson most daungerous and mortall They make fire of the branches of mirrhe but the smell therof is so pernicious that if they dyd not remedy the same with the smoke of Storax it woulde ingender vnto theÌ„ sicknesses vncurable They which gather the Frankincense dedicated vnto diuine honors are called sacred or holy for that during the time of their gathering they do abstayne from women and burialls esteeming that by that kinde of obseruation and ceremony their marchaundise will increase the more Diuers haue written that the incense is not found in any other place then in Arabia But Pedro Gesa of Leon in hys second part of the history general of the west Indies saith that neere vnto the riuer Marannon is found great quantitie of FraÌ„kincense better then that of Arabia In this place are also found the Sardonique stones Molochite and those which are called Iris being of colour as cleere as crystal the Andromede also and the Pederote which Plinie calleth Opalius it is saide also that there is bred the bird Phaenix which liueth as some do say â—40 yeeres but Pliny saith 660. yeres Manilius Senator of Rome affirmeth that with the life of this bird the reuolution of the great yere is made which diuers as Solin say to consist not in 540. yeres but in 12950. yeres Let him beleue it that wilâ— as for me I thinke that to speake of the Phaenix is none other thing then the telling of a fable vnto the ports of the said Zeila Barbora Delaqua come to traffick the merchants of Cambaia of AdeÌ„ of the whole Arabia They bring thither smal clothes of diuers sorts and colours and other things from the said CaÌ„baye and Ormmus and for their marchandises they receiue againe raisons dates golde Iuorie and slaues and do their trafficke at the port of Zeila and Barbora vnto which ports lykewise do come they of Chiloa Melinde Braua Madagassar and Mombaza And thus by these two ports are dispersed the merchandises throughout the countries of the Abissins and euen into Turkie and Graecia where I haue seene diuers merchants of Arabia clothed and apparrelled as the figure following doeth shew A Merchant of Arabia Of the auncient maner of liuing lawes and religion of the Arabians Chap. 12. IN old times the Arabians had amongst them diuers maner of liuing and different ceremonies they weare long haire and weare on their heads a cloth wreathd shauing their beard with a rasor suffered no haire to grow but only the moustaches betwixt the nose the mouth as they do yet at this present As for arts sciences they kept no schoole but liued after the instructions which they had receiued of their fathers Vnto the most auncient of them was giuen the puissaunce gouernement ouer all the other hauing nothing particular but lyued al in one comminalty vsing their wyues which they tooke of their lynnage in common yea euen of their own mothers sisters esteming themselues in that manner as al brethren together And such amongst them as vsed carnal company with any other woman then as was of his own blood was punished by death as an Adulterer They had in great obseruation the soleÌ„nity of others for whensouer they woulde sweare amitie and confederation with any other they set in the midst of the 2. parties som certain person who with a sharp cutting stone cut them
yee see in the figure â—ollowing But the richer sort goe more brauely costly apparrelled for they weare their Doliman either of veluet satten or damaske on their head a long myter figured with flowers of diuers colours couered with a great cloake hanging downe behynde to the ground the men are apparrelled after the fashion of the other Graecians obseruing the same fayth and religion and obeye vnto the Patriarche of Constantinople A woman of Caramania Of Cilicia presently called Caramania Chap. 15. AS for the countrey of Caramania first called Cilicia of the name of Caelix the sonn of Agenor according to Herodote Hipachea is described by Ptolome in his fift booke as a prouince of little Asia hauing for her borders towardes the East the mount Aman presently called the blacke mountaine of the North the mount of Taur of the west side a part of Pamphilia and on the other part of the South the vttermost partes of the goulph Issique which now is called â—asse This region is enuyroned with high and sharpe mountaines from the whiche drop towardes the sea diuers riuers And of these mountaines the issues are very narrow and streight of the one other side enuironed high with mountains first called the ports of Armenia afterwards the mountains of Caspie presently of Silicia through which narrow streights Alexander the great going into the East parties with great perilles and daungerous hazard made his armie to passe The principall and Metropolitan citie of this couÌ„trie is Tharse vulgarely called Terrase being the place of birth and houshold of S. Paul which first was founded by the noble Perseus sonne of the faire Danae Although Solin and pope Pius attribute her first edification vnto Sardanapal the last sonne of Anacindaraxe and last king of the Assyrians through the midst of the same Countrie runneth the fayre riuer Cydne or Caâ—ne by the FreÌ„chmeÌ„ called the riuer of Salef which takes her spring from the mount of Taur and wherein was drowned the Emperour Frederike Barberosse Vitruuius in his eight book and third chapter saith that if they did wash their legs within this riuer Cydne that incontinent after they should finde them selues cleansed and healed of their disease The Tarsians were in times past so giuen to philosophie that they excelled the Athenians and Alexandrians notwithstanding that the Athenians were more famous and renowmed in straunge countries and that their Citie was more frequented with al sorts of people Neuerthelesse the Tarsians were in philosophy more excellent and of their citie tooke origin Antipater Archelaus Antenor Marcel Diogenes Artemidore Dionisius and Crates the Grammarian Besides Tarse the head citie of Cilicia there is another renowmed citie of the auncients called Coryce and of the modernes Curth of all sides enuironed with a haueÌ„ of the sea sauing of one side being very streight which ioyneth vnto the firme land Aboue this citie there is an Antherne a caue or denne which Pomponius Mela saith to be made by such singular artifice of nature that the admiration excellency and soueraigne beautie thereof carrieth those that enter into it out of their proper senses and memory and almost rauisheth and taketh awaye the spirites of those whiche vppon the sodaine enter intoo it But after they are come to themselues they cannot satisfie them of the pleasure which is there For for to come to the bottom of this heauenlike denne you doe discend by a faire stare about 3. quarters of a myle indelectable and shadowed where is heard a harmony more then humaine certaine sounds agreeing sounding like vnto symbals or other melodious instruments which greatly abasheth and seemeth marueilous to those that firste enter into it So as in times past the inhabitauntes of the countrie by superstitious opinion did thinke that this sounding caue was the sepulchrall bedde of the valiaunt Gyant Typhon In the playne fieldes which are about Coryce or Curth groweth abundance of very good saffron giuing more smel being more like vnto the colour of golde and more profitable in medicines then any other hath for the singularitie thereof by the ancients been called saffron of Coryce Tarse therefore and Coryce are two the most famous and renowmed Cities of Cilicia or Caramania although there be diuers others of good and antique name as Selimontis in the honour of the good Emperor Traian after his death consecrated in his name and called Traianopolis There is also Satalia cituated vpon the sea coast of Cilicia whereof hath taken the name the goulfe of Satalia aunciently called Issa and presently Iasse about this place Alexander the Macedonian vanquished and ouercame the great Darius kyng of the Persians by reason whereof the Citie was called Nicopolis which is to say towne of victory Moreouer in the same region is as yet resting the auncient towne of the Sun called Heliopolis or to say better Solos or Soloe for that Solon one of the seuen sages of Grecia was founder therof and afterwardes by the name of Pompe was called Pompeiopolis for that in the time of the triumphaunt Rome the Cicilians dwelling along the coast of the Mediteran sea a people beeing acquainted with the seas exercising the nauigation Pirates Coursaries and Skummers of the sea stood vp in so great number and so strong men giuen to piracie of vessels and ships necessarie for that purpose as Foysts and Brigantins that they possessed and kept the Sea side in such distresse that they did not onely let and anoy the merchaunts shippes and shippes of warre but likewise kept the portes and passages so shutte that they kept away the corne and victuals from all Italie whereby the Romane people were in danger of being famished Wherfore as Flore writeth in his Epitome Pompee was sent against them with an armie which through marueilous diligence and speede within fortie dayes ouercame them and chased them cleane out of the sea and in the ende hauing on the land taken them into mercie sent them into certaine townes and landes in Cilicia farre from the Sea there to dwell and liue and too the ende to purge the sea and namely assigned newe inhabitants in the towne then called Soloe and since vpon this reason Pompeiopolis The Cilicians were in times past called Tarses as Iosephus writeth theyr denomination hauing taken that name of Tarse nephewe vnto Iaphet who first gaue them the order too liue bearyng ouer them the principalitie and gouernement Likewise called after hys name theyr chiefe citie Tarse Nowe a dayes the whole Cilicia is as I haue sayde called Caramania a countrie reduced vnder the puissaunce and domination of the great Turke whiche before was a kingdome so puissaunt that the kinges of Caramania might haue brought intoo the fielde fortie thousande menne on horsebacke yea that Orcan Lorde of the Turkes sonne and successour of the firste Othoman who made himselfe chiefe of the Turkes and that first gaue the name of his noblenesse to their Emperors durst wel for
amongst the countreyes of Sophy as being ennobled of his royall city of Tauris or Terua as Ptolome saith or els as it seemeth vnto some Hebrewes very well experimented in languages assieties of couÌ„tries the famous auncient citie of Susa. But as foâ— Armenia the lesser the most part therof is now vnder the yoke dominion of the great Turke and Armenia the greater vnder the puissance of Sophi king of the Persians A Merchant of Armenia Of the Ragusins Chap. 21. THe Ragusins generally are riche for that they are very couetous enclining their minde to nothing more then to the gayne of marchandise and to make ready money Besides this they are of nature so proud that they do not think to be more knowledge or noblenesse in any other nation then is in them And to speake trueth they do deserue great praise considering that the cituation of their towne being in such a sharpe place and so streightly extended by their onely vertue and industrye yea almost in despite of nature they haue opened the way to all coÌ„modities necessary The apparrel of the meÌ„ is such that some do cloth theÌ„selues after the Venetian others after another maner as ye may see by y t figures folowing to wit the merchaÌ„ts the foot posts as are the Fantes carrying of letters whom we do cal messeÌ„gers which carry y e ordinary dispatches froÌ„ Raguse to Constantinople and from Constantinople to Raguse aswell of the Ambassadours of Fraunce as of the hostages of the Venetians and Florentins Their common language is the Sclauonian speeche and doe also speake certaine broken Italian more lewdly then the Venetians doe Their women are not very fayre and apparrell themselues but homely wearing ordinarily on theyr head an high attyre made of fine linnen cloth but the nobler sort weare it of white silke hauing their hosen euen to the heeles they doe goe very seldome abrode out of their houses but do loue to be looking out at the windowes to beholde the goers by As for their daughters are kept so close shut in as they are not to be seen by no manner of wise Of the pollicie and gouernment of the Ragusins Chap. 22. THE politique estate of the Ragusins is Aristocratie or a common wealth gouerned by the Lordes out of which is created euery month a president which remaineth in the pallace and hath twelue counsailers by whom the congregation is called Pregai or Pregadi vnto which doe resort an hundreth or more of the auncients of the citie And besides these aforesaide they haue moreouer the great counsell vnto which are assistant all the nobles of the age of twentie yeeres and vpwardes They are tributaries vnto the great Turke of twelue thousand ducats which they are bound to send vnto him euerie yere with two Oratours to Constantinople or els where he shalbe A Merchant of Raguse Fante of Raguse or a carrier of letters Of the Citie of Raguse Chap. 23. RAguse which Ptolome calleth Epidaure is a citie very ancient noble although the same which presently is called Raguse is not the old for that was destroyed by y e Gothes but of the ruines therof the later Raguse was by the inhabitauntes builded ten thousand pases from the olde which for thâ— present is but litle inhabited but the new is so much the more â—requented better peopled edified in most faire cituation vpon the coast of the Adriatique sea beeing notwithstanding within the precinct of the Dalmatian The hauen is very little wrought with handes On the vpper part there is a mount of great highnesse and sharpnesse at the foote whereof the citye is founded she is very subiect vnto windes Earthquakes and also in Winter season is very colde There are diuers foâ—ntaines taking their beginning of the next mountains the water wherof is very sweet wholesome to drink About the distance of a myle from the city there is a faire delectable place called Grauosa set all along with houses builded by most fayre ingenious Architecture accompanied with diuers gardens and pleasaunces planted with Orenge trees citrons lemons other excellent fruitful trees of diuers sorts There are also seene many cleere fayre fountaines dyuinely wrought which thorow conduits pypes they make to come foorth where it pleaseth them And this faire place of Grauosa standeth on the edge of the sea which there maketh a goulph after the fashion of a port very pleasant and able to receiue a 100. Gallies Description of Thracia Chap. 24. THracia which first was called Perca and since Scithon is a prouince in Europe counted amongst the regions of Scithia most ample and of great compasse but of an yll temperature the ayre being vnwholesome not healthfull the ground also barren inough except it be in the places neere vnto the sea It was named Thracia after the name of Thiras the sonne of Iaphet or els as others say of Thrax the sonne of Mars by thys reason seeming to be the most apparant was by Euripides called the house of Mars at this present day is called Romaine is diuided in 2. partes the one wherof is called Thracia onely and the other Thracia Chersonese On the East part bordereth vpon the sea Exinum and Propontide on the south the Sea Aegeum the floud Strymon presently Redino the fields of Macedonia on the North the riuer Istre beeing the Danube or Danoe and on the West the mountains of Peonia a part of Pannonia the riuer of Saue as Plinie Strabo haue written who doe affirme Thracia to be diuided by the mount Eme and that the Triballes Dardanes a fierce proude people and the MysiaÌ„s inhabited Thracia but the Triballes possessed the part presently kept by the Rastians whom we do cal Seruians After the Triballes are the Bulgares from the East vnto the sea Euxinum dwel between Istre and the mount Eme extending towardes the south alongest the sea coast vnto Hellespontus and is that which presently is called Romanie The riuers of Thracia are Bathynia Athyras Arsus vulgarly Chiarelech Melas whereof taketh the name the gulph of Mela otherwise the gulfe of Caridia Hebrus now Matizza or Valisa Nesus or Neste StrimoÌ„ But the most famous are the three last Of the most renowmed mounts ye haue Eme which separateth the Thracians from the Triballes which by some hath byn called the chayne of the world Rhodope so called by Rhodope Queene of Thracia out of which do spring the riuers Neste Hebrus the mount Orbel much celebrated for the sacrifice of Bacchus through the congregation of the Menades vnder the conduct of the Poet Orpheus Amongst these mountaines Eme is of such a height that from the top therof which as Pliny reciteth is 6000. paces is seen the sea of Exinum there is moreouer the mount Athos of the Latines called Monte santo because it is altogether habited of the Caloeres Greeks which are as most curiously writeth M. Peter
Bellon in his obseruation in number 5 or 6. thousand haue 23 or 24. monasteries al well fortified for that they shuld not be molested of the Coursaries and Pirates on the sea al these Caloieres liue vnder the obeysance of the Patriarch of Cōstantinople This mount Athos is so high that it passeth the skies so as diuers haue written that from thēce the sun shining the shadow doth extend to the yle of Lemnos being distant one from another 70. M. pases And neuertheles Xerxes the great king of the Persians going against the Graecians caused this mount to be cut through on the side that ioyneth vnto the firm land making the sea to passe vnderneath it in such sort that easily he made it round about nauigable The Thraces as Herodote in his 7 book writeth haue the way whereby Xerxes passed his army in such reuerence that neuer since that time they would till or sow the same Plutarch in the life of Alexander the great maketh mention of a certayne Stacicrates an ingenious maister who being sent for to come before the said Alexander proposed vnto him that if his pleasure were he would make to be cut in humain figure the mount of Athos with such art industry that with his left hand he should sustaine a Citie habitable for 10000. persons with the right hād shuld powre out a great riuer which should run down into the sea But Alexander taking it for a iest would not beleeue it As for the cities of Thracia the principallest and most ancientest are Bisia sometimes the fortresse of the kings of Thracia but odious vnto the swallowes for the detestable sinne of Thereus Phinolopis Curnubisance presently Pera or Galatha Bizance now Constantinople cituated vppon the Bosphore Thracian wherof I haue before made particular descriptiō Ye haue afterwards Opisime at the foot of the mount of Eme Valla Orcelis Tonsus Caliba Nicopoli Ostamphus Arsus Carpudemon Bergula presently Bergas Plotinopolis Drusipara Selimbria otherwise Selions or Solombria Perinthe or Heraclee About Propontide Praside Terta Penetropolis at the foot of the mount Rhodope and afterwards of his foundator Philippopoli and finally Adrianopolis which I cannot passe without description for that the great Lord keepeth oftentimes his residence there Of the Citie of Andrinopole Chap. 25. ADrianopolis which sometimes was called Stratomcie Odrysus and Trimuntium vulgarly Andernople Andernopoli or Andrinople was a city most ample and faire as by the auncient walles may be seene her cituation is in a playne but about it hath many fruitful hilles All the houses except the auncient churches of the Christians and the Mosquees and bathes of the Turkes are builded after the Turkie fashion of wood and earth Sultan Selim builded there for a dwelling place a fayre and sumptuous Sarail for that it was the place of his most residence as also is of Sultan Soliman that now reigneth namely in Winter for the commodity of hunting wherein hee greatly delighteth There is besides another Sarail for the lodging of the Azamoglans or Ianissaries but the fairest and most sumptuous building of all is the Mosquee of Sultan Amarat at one of the entries of the citie ye passe ouer a great bridge of stone of Marbre very high on the one side wherof as also alongst by the Sarail passeth the riuer Hebrus vulgarly called Matizza and on the other side the Tuns whiche riuers by the turning in their course haue made neere vnto the citie many faire prety yles no lesse pleasant then profitable as being trimmed and dressed into most faire orchardes full of all sortes of excellent fruitfull trees and delicious gardens The citie is peopled with a great number of Christians Greekes hauing there their Metropoli who hauing lost their liberty and seeing them selues destitute and dispossessed of all they hadde are retyred thither some to giue themselues to some trade of merchandise or handicrafte The other hauing yet left some meane to liue by go vp down thinking of their former estates and degrees There are likewise an infinite number of rich Iewes and great traders with merchandise ready monie to giue and deliuer out by grosse vpon excessiue vsury But the number of the Turkes is the greatest of all and specially of excellent woorkmen which is the occasion that the city doth abound of all sortes of merchaundises and faire works of saddels bridles al other furnitures for horses which there are made very faire and perfect likewise fine damaskened needles the faire maroquins and skins of al sorts of liuely colours straunge diuers aboue al other places in the world As for the manner of the garments of the inhabitaunts I haue hereafter presented in order the liuely drafts of a woman of estate of Graecia of a Turky woman of meane estate and of a mayden of ioy or a common woman or strumpet of whom not only the city but likewise the whole countrey is full And as for the men Turkes Iewes or Christians they goe apparrelled after the manner of those of Constantinople other cities of Thracia and Graecia To returne now to our first points of Geographie you haue also in this region Traianopoli Apri Bizanta now Rodesto or Rodeste but according to Pliny Macronticke Partyra Lysimachia which is cituated at the foote of the great chersonesse within the which is Gallipoli builded by C. Caligula Maditus presently Maythō aboūding of very good wines Ceste against Abide Cretee the port Cele where was foughten on the water the battaile betwixt the Athenians the Lacedemonians in whiche place are the markes of the ruines of Lacedemonia There is againe founde Cinosseme the sepulchre of Hecuba after that Helle being the end of Hellespont and likewise the place where Xerxes made a bridge to passe ouer his armie out of Asia into Grecia there is also the promontorie Mastuce and the flood Egee memorable because of the shipping of the Athenians Afterwardes returning into the lande Aphrodise Cipselle otherwise Capsilar whereas is founde great quantitie of fine allom Aen◠builded by Aeneas in the time of his fleeing after the ruine of Troy Sardique presently Triadisse Pergame Nicopolis Abdere or Polystilo wher Democritus the Philosopher was borne Ene a free Citie within which was erected the sepulchre of Polidore Fisique Dyme Marogne Pantalie Topicis Gazore Phillippi Oesine Neapolis whiche besides is called Cristopolis Stagira the natiue countrie of the great Aristotle Moreouer about the beginning of the bankes Pontick wheras the riuer Istre entreth into the sea are many fayre cities as Istropolis of the Melesians Ionie Celatin or Acernete Heraclee and Bizone which was swallowed vppe through an earthquake About the riuers Mela and Hebrus are the Cicones and more further the Dorisques whiche is the place where Xerxes not being able to number his armie measured the circuite of the grounde whiche they ouerspreade After that is the promontorie Serree in which place Orpheus through the sounde and harmonie of his
other seruaÌ„ts to take away al their means strength of reuoltingâ— After that is Achaie aunciently called Egial because of the cities in order cituated al alongst her borders Ele Arcadie which hath the name of Arcade the son of Iupiter In the same is the Palude lerne wher Hercules killed y e serpent Hidra that had seeuen heads There is also the great impetuous flood of Erimanthe greatly remembred by diuers Poets and Historiographers taking his origin of the mounte Erimanthe wherof it hath taken his name Moreouer there is Etolie and Acarnie before called Carte Epire goeth euen to Adrie in these regions the places cities farre from the Sea the most notable and that doe merite to be set out are Thessalia Thessalonique Larisse anciently Iolque in Magnesie Antronie in Phiotide Phithie in Locree Syne and Calliacre Plinie in hys fourth booke the first chapter sayth that the Locrians haue been called Ozoles In Phocide is the citie of Delphe cituated at the foote of the mount Parnasus and watered wyth the riuer Cephisusi within the same citie was in times paste a temple within the which Phoebus or Apollo the God of deuination according to the errour of the auncients was worshipped In Beoce Thebes whiche at this present hath but a little castle stibes and Citheree muche celebrated by the fables of the Poets and in Atticque is Eluse consecrated vnto Ceres But the most renowmed citie of all Grecia is Athens whiche was builded by Cecrops Diphies beeing in the dayes of Moses which called it Cecropia afterwardes was called Mopsophie of Mopsus and Ionie the sonne of Ion the sonne of Xuthe or els as Iosephus reciteth of Ianus the sonne of Iaphet finally of Minerua for the GreciaÌ„s called Minerua Athene she was the inuentour of all good artes and industrious liberall sciences mother nurse of diuers excellent Philosophers Orators and Poets which through their labors and memorable works haue gotten immortal praise But by chaunge of time and vnstedfastnesse of fortune this so flourishing a citie is brought to such extremitie ruine that at this present there is nothing of estimation left of it but a little castle which is called Sethine builded on the leauinges of the walles of the auncient and renowmed temple of Minerua In Migare otherwise called Niscee is the Citie of Megare in whiche was borne Euclide prince of the Geometrians and thys Cytie gaue the name vntoo the prouince as Argus dyd in Argos In Argolide is Argos and Micene and the temple of Iuno muche renowed aswell for antiquitie as deuotion In Laconie is Terapne Lacedemone the seate and habitation of the king Agamemnon which also was called Sparthe of Sparthus the son of Phoroneus but presently is called Mysithra Ther is likewise Amicde distant twentie stadias from Lacedemon a country abounding of all good and excellent frutefull trees and other goods and in the same is the temple of Apollo the most excellent of all others in that countrie aswell in riches as cunning building set in that quarter of the towne which is towards the sea and the mount Tayget In Messenia Messene and Methon or Modon at the siege whereof Philip king of Macedonie father of Alexander the great lost one of his eyes with the shot of an arrowe In Achie is Pise of Oenomae Elis the OlimpiaÌ„ teÌ„ple of Iupiter much renowmed because of the Olimpian games and tho rowe singular deuotion and a great deale more because of the excellencie of the image made by the hands of Phydias Arcadie is rounde about enuironed of the Peloponesians and her principall cities are Psefe Tenie and Orcomene The mountes Pholoe Cillene Parthene and Menale the ryuers Erimanthe and Ladoen In Arcadia greatlye florished Prometheus the sonne of Iapetus who being a man of deep knowledge taught the rude menne to liue ciuillie hee inuented the natural pourtractes with the fatte earth and was also the firste that stroke fire out of the flint stone and that taught the Grecians Astrologie and therefore the poets doe faine that hee helde vp the heauen In Etolie is Naupacte vulgarely Lepanto or Epacto In Acarnania presently called Ducte or Ducat or Duche the castle Strate In Epire is the temple of Iupiter Dodone and the sacred fountayne whiche is of such a vertue that putting into it any burning thing is sodainly extinguished but putting into it a bundle of straw it is foorthwith set on fire Passing beyounde the coastes of the promontorie Sepie by Demetrie Boic Pitheleon and Echine is the passage towardes the gulfe of Pagase whiche hauing imbraced or enuironed the Citie of Pagase receiueth into hys hauen the ryuer Sperchie and this place is renowmed for that the Minies accoÌ„paning Iason when he went to Colchos to conquer the golden fleese did there go on land and deliuered their ship Argo to goe and driue vpon the greate sea whiche voyage is so celebrated that the poets haue fayned this shippe Argo to haue been taken vp into heauen and vpon this reason doe put it amongest the Celestiall signes It is needfull and of force that they which this way will go vnto Sunio first to passe the gulfes Maliabe and Opunce of which are the Trophees sometimes by the Laconians there discomfited killed and come vntoo the straights called Thermopyles which crosse through the midst of Grecia like vnto the Appenin hilles of Italie The mountaines are so high that it seemeth almost a thing impossible to get vppe vnto them but betweene both there is a valley about threescore paces wide by the which onely yee can get vp vnto them through which means these mountainnes haue been called Pyles which is to say portes and by reason of the whot waters that runne out of the same Thermopyles They were so renowmed by the great discomfitures of the Persians done by the Greekes vnder the conduct of the valiant Leonidas the Laconian who brauelye withstoode the impetuositie and furor of Xerxes but in our time they haue not been able to resist or shut vppe the passage vnto the Turkes of whoÌ„ all the Grecians haue been ouercome subued It hath againe Scatphie Cnemides Alope Larymne Besides Aulide wher the assembling of the army was made by Agamemnon and other princes of Grecia after the league by them made to goe to the siege of Troy There is also Marathon a true testimonie of diuers noble prowessesâ— celebrated since the victorie of Theseus and by the great foyle which the armie of the Persians receiued there yee haue moreouer there Rhamne a little citie but famous because of the temple of Amphiaâ—aus and the Nemesis of Phidias Thorique and Brauron were there sometimes good cities but now there is nothing left of them but the name Sunio is a promontorie bordering and running along by the sea side of Hellade or Grece on the side that is towardes the East and from thence vnto Megare a citie of Atticke doth turne towardes the South The fields of the Megarians
entertainement or liuing bookes apparrel theÌ„ about the sum of 200. dâ—cates a yeere which are ordeined distributed vnto theÌ„ by the churches ouer which they do coÌ„maund their garmentes are nothing different nor more rich theÌ„ those of a simple moÌ„k whom they do call Caloier but that vpon their head insteed of a three crowned myter they do weare a great felt hat wherupon is laid a large band of cloth of gold crosse wise Their priests did weare long beards were marryed to one woman onely which comming to die they might not marrie another and if they were found in adultery they were punished by their superiors without any mercy They do celebrate the masse in their vulgare laÌ„guage to the intent to bee vnderstanded of all men and coÌ„municate the L. supper vnder two kinds do it indifferently aswell vnto the great as lesser sort They do not put any water into their wine they deny the purgatory say that praiers fastings almes do nothing help the souls of the disceased wil not suffer any carued images of saints in their churches but on flat pictures painted These patriarches haue besides an other custom very straÌ„ge which is that euery yere on the good friday they do anathemise excoÌ„municate the pope al princes christiaÌ„ people obeying vnto the traditions of the Rom church They do obserue two Lents with great abstinence wher of the first beginneth on the fat muÌ„day being ix dayes before the leÌ„t of the Latins during these ix daies they may eat egs cheese and fish but after that vntil Easter they doe abstayn froÌ„ al kind of fishes and other meat that hath blood in it The other Lent they do solemnise in the time of the Aduent theÌ„ do fast 40. dayes with like abstinence as at the first And finally they haue many other ceremonies farre different from the Romaine Church and although in their religion they do obserue many good things yet do they in many things differ much from the primitiue Church I meane such as haue bin taught vs by the Apostles By reason of which their errors as for diuers other vyces wherwith they haue bin are entangled it is not to be marueiled at though this Graecian nation which hath byn the most flourishing in al Europe aswel in gouernment of coÌ„mon wealth as administration of iustice good policy ful of excelleÌ„t captains and good souldiers expert philosophers yea that rightly it might haue byn called the iust spring and fountaine of all phylosophy and liberall sciences and now through the variable course of nature vnstedfastnes of fortune the most desart barbarous desolated countrey habitable on earth as beyng fallen into ignominious calamity and miserable seruitude vnder those that are more barbarous For besides the great vyces wherin first they were so deepe drowned being in the chiefe of their monarchie and magnificeÌ„ce after they had ouercome the Persians feeling themselues riche puissant because of suche a spoile they fel into such pride presumption that not being able to liue in peace one with another had between them many long cruel warres vppon which followed the ruine saccagement desolation of their couÌ„trey burning of their cities cruel murthering of their ancieÌ„t citizeÌ„s other inestimable losses So as by the same Graecia was altogether destroied marred and ouerthrown yea that after it was set as a pray opeÌ„ passage to those y t wold inuade y e same in the end froÌ„ honest coÌ„moÌ„ wealthes politike gouernmeÌ„t the inhabitaÌ„ts were brought vnder tiraÌ„ny forthwith vnder kingdoÌ„s And after they had remaind vnder the subiectioÌ„ obeisance of the romain empire vnto the last CoÌ„stantin for making vp of their last calamities by diuyne permission for punishmeÌ„t of their vices detestable sinnes after they had lost their Emperour and the imperiall citie of Constantinople his wife children parentes friendes and riches to the whole ruine of the oriental empire they beyng all destroied dead or captiues sequesâ—red of their rightes immunities traunchises and liberties too the moste shamefull confusion of Princes and Christian potentates contempt of diuine religion These wretched Graecians are left vnder the miserable seruitude of these miscreated Mahometists constrained to insupportable tributes yea to pay the tenth person of their owne children as before in the description of the Azamoglans I haue declared such are the righteous iudgements of GOD towards the misbeleeuing and those that abuse his gracious gifts I haue before liuely set forth the figure of a woman of Lacedemonia to wit of those which vpon the high waies neere vnto the villages do sell bread vnto the passers by and hereafter I doe represent vnto you the Gentleman and the Merchant of Graecia and the Gentlemans hat must be blacke as that of the Albanoys and the tulbant of the merchant must be skie coloured yee haue also here the portraite of a woman of the countrey in Graecia A Gentleman of Graecia A Merchant of Grecia A countrie woman of Grecia A Table of the Chapters of this booke of Nauigations and Peregrinations Orientals of Nicolas de Nicolay of Daulphine Chamberlaine and Geographer ordinary of the king of Fraunce The first number signifieth the Chapter the seconde the Folio Chapters of the first booke THE departure and voyage of the Lord of Arramont Ambassadour for the king towards the great Turk from Constantinople to returne into Fraunce Chap. 1. Folio 1. The departure of the Lord of Arramont from the Court to returne in his Ambassage into Leuant towards the great Turke 2.1 Of the yles Baleares now called Maiorque Minorque 3.3 Of the yles auncienly called the Pitious and now Ieuisse and Fromentiere 4.3 Nauigation from the yles called Pitious to the citie of Alger 5.3 Of our arriuall in Alger 6.4 Of the great perilles dangers wee were brought into by the meanes of certaine Christian slaues that were escaped 7.5 Description of the citie of Alger 8.7 By what meanes Cairadin Barbarouse came to the king of Alger 9.12 Of the further proceeding on our nauigation 10.12 Of the the towne Teddel and the inhabitantes thereof 11. 13 Of the citie of Bone aunciently called Hippon of which saint Augustine was bishop 12.13 Of our arriuall at the yle of Panthalaree 13.14 Description of the yle 14.15 Of our departure froÌ„ the yle Panthalaree towards Malta 15.15 Description of the yle of Malta 16.17 Of our departure from Malta towards Tripoli 17.19 Foundation of the Citie of Tripoli 18.20 Of the Bazar where the christiaÌ„s were sold taken in the yles of Sicile Malta and Goze of their maner of trenches Gabions and batteries of the Turke 19.21 Of the composition and giuing ouer of the castle of Tripoli vnto Sinan Bascha 20.24 Description of the ruines of Tripoli 21.26 Of our returne from Tripoli to returne to Malta 22.28 The Chapters of the second booke THE departure of the Lorde of Arramont Ambassadour for