same Precedency was given to the Gentry who were plac'd above the Deputies of the inferior Clergy By which alteration the King design'd to create a Difference betwixt the bishop and the Senators and to make the Gentry approve his Intentions to humble the Clergy Assoon as the Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Deputies rose from Table they retir'd in great discontent from the Hall and even out of the Castle and went to St. Giles's Church where they shut themselves in Being alone and as they thought safe they ask'd one another what might be the Reason of the publick Injury and Affront which the King had put upon ' em The Bishop of Lincopinc presiding in the Assembly as being the first Suffragan to the Arch-Bishop of Vpsal made a Speech to this effect That they knew by their own expefience that the King never did any publick Action without some private Design That this alteration to the prejudice of their Order was but a forerunner of greater Persecutions That the Kings Declarations the Decrees of the Senate the Attempts of his Majestys Officers his Power and his Armies were so many Prognosticks of the loss of their Liberty and the best part of their Revenues That under the specious Title of Defender of the Country he assum'd an absolute Authority above the reach of the Laws That he was resolved to seize upon their Castles and Fortresses and afterwards deprive 'em of that share in the Government which they had so long injoy'd and that Religon it self would be in great danger if they did not resolve vigorously to oppose the Lutherans The Bishop of Stregnez Sommâ—r who was gain'd by the Court reply'd that they could not indeed be too watchful for the Defence of their Religion but withal he insinuated that they ought not by an unseasonable Zeal to provoke a Potent Prince who in all other respects deserv'd so well of the Nation He added that in his Opinion the Clergy should contribute part of their Revenues towards the Defence of the Kingdom and declared his readiness to put his Castle into the King's Hands who was better able to defend it against the Enemies of the State than a Clergy-Man The Bishop of Lincopinc could not hear that Prelates Discourse without Indignation He ask'd him in an angry Tone whether he thought he could as Lawfully dispose of his Church Lands as of his Patrimony and that in behalf of a Heretick Prince or one at least who countenanced Heresy He tax'd him that he spoke more like a Statesman and a Courtier than a true Bishop and to soften those hard and offensive expressions he conjur'd him with all earnestness to stick to the Interests of his Brethren and to Aâ—t unanimously with them for the 〈◊〉 of their Rights and Dignities He exhorted the whole Assembly to follow their Arch-Bishops steps who had generously withstood both the Caresses and Threats of the Court telling them that upon all such Occasions they were oblig'd to remember the Oath they had taken at their Consecration to venture their Lives in the Defence of Religion and the Rights and Privileges of their Churches In a word he omitted nothing that cou'd revive in their minds a true Episcopal Zeal or convince them that the severest punishment that cou'd be inflicted on 'em for an Apostolical constancy or stedfastness would be far more glorious to 'em than all the favour of the Court. This Discourse being pronounc'd with a great deal of heat drew in the three other Bishops and all the other Ecclesiasticks that Compos'd the Assembly so that it was resolv'd they were oblig'd to maintain to the utmost of their power the Revenues and Rights of the Swedish Church against all opposers The Bishops of Stregnez and Westeras as great Courtiers as they were durst not oppose so generous a motion or perhaps were not sorry to see their Brethren undertake at their Perils to Defend their Dignities In short these Six Bishops took a Solemn Oath to Defend with vigor the Rights and Priviledges of the Church against all the Attempts of the King They made an Act to which they subscrib'd and which they cans'd to be sign'd by all the rest of the Clergy who were present then they hid it in a Tomb in the Church lest it should fall into the King's hands The Bishop of Lincopinc endeavour'd also to procure the favour of some powerful Lay-Patrons He privately made sure of Tureiohanson the great Marshal whose Birth and Dignity gave him the next rank to the King but these advantages were obscur'd by the defect of his Merit and by his Pride He talk'd perpetually of his Pedegree and tho' he had neither Valour nor Courage he fansi'd that his Birth and Quality entitl'd him to the esteem of all Mankind The Bishop begg'd his Protection for the Clergy and that was ground enough to obtain it The Marshal was so over joy'd to see himself courted by so considerable a Party that he made a Solemn Promise to maintain and support the ancient Religion and its Ministers Besides him that Prelate gain'd some Lords of West-Gothland and several Deputies of the Peasants who combin'd together to oppose all the Attempts of the Lutherans The next day the Estates met and the Chancellour open'd the Sessions with a pathetic Speech upon the Exigences of the State He told them from the King that there was no Fund settl'd for the Payment of the Forces that most of the Frontier places wanted to be Fortifi'd that the Arsenals were unfurnish'd and that there were few Ships in the Ports He forgot not to Alarm 'em with an account of King Christiern's preparations He put 'em in mind of all the Cruelties which that Prince committed in the Kingdom representing in the most dismal colours the miserable condition of that Kingdom under his Government Besides the Massacre of the Senate he presented 'em with a frightful Catalogue of all the Robberies Plunders Assassinates Burnings Rapes and other Enormous Barbarities that were Authoriz'd by a Prince who never gave himself the trouble to seek for any pretext to excuse or cover his Crimes A dreadful Time when the Kingdom was become a Prey to Implacable Enemies or to Treacherous and Rebellious Natives more cruel than they whose Credit and Rewards were more Intolerable than there very Treasons and Villanies He told 'em that when the Nation was in these deplorable and hopeless circumstances the King alone formed a generous design to deliver his Native Country In order to which he had expos'd â—imself to the greatest Dangers and as he had not spar'd his life for their defence so 't was well known he had Mortgag'd all his Estate to carry on the War against the Danes That by his Valour and Conduct the Swedes had at last Triumph'd over their Enemies but that the same cruel Enemies were preparing for a new Invasion with all the Forces of the Emperour if speedy care were not taken to oppose ' em To which he added that the Revenues
herself absolute in the 3 Kingdoms 17 Eric succeeds her in the 3 Kingdoms but did neither inherit her power nor her Personal Abilities 19 N. SEverinus de Norbi a Danish Lord his base compliance with all the Humor and Inclinations of Christiern 96 Christiern gives him the Government of Calmar 95 He entrusts him during his Absence with the command of his Forces in Sweden 99 Norbi saves the life of the Administrator's Widow 112 He contrives how to make himself independent 113 He aspires to the Marriage of that Princess ibid. He admits man Swedish Gentlemen on board his Vessels 115 O. OLaus Petri see Luther Olaus a Gentleman who fled for Refuge in Dalecarlia 131 Otho Crumpein nominated by Christiern II. to be General of his Army 80 he was one of the greatest Captains of the Northern Countries ibid. Otho enters into West Gothland ibid. He ravageth this Province with a design to draw the Swedes to a Battel ibid. Otho at the sight of the Swedish Army retires with apparent precipitation to the Lake Weter ibid. The Swedes pursue him 81 an obstinate Fight between the two Armies ibid. The Victory inclines to Otho's side ibid. He orders his Victorious Troops to march against the Swedish Infantry that were possess'd of the Pass of Tyvede 82 The Swedes repulse Otho's Infantry He renews the Attack with the French Infantry which force the Swedes and gain their Retrenchments ibid. He pass'd thro' the Forest of Tyvede and penetrates into the Heart of the Kingdom 83 Christiern having obtain'd in an Assembly of three Senators some Lords and the Bishops of the Kingdom held at Upsal the Title of the King of Sweden Otho advances with his Army to the most Remote Provinces to cause his Masters Authority to be there acknowledg'd 86 He dispersed the Militia that were gather'd together in divers Places ibid. He destroys with Fire and Sword the Castles of those Lords who refuâ—'d to submit ibid. He investe Stockholm 87 He writes to the King of Denmark to give him an account of the success of his Arms ibid. Christiern sends him back to Denmark 99 P. POpe Leo X. See Leo X. Peterson a Dalecarlian Gentleman entertains Gustavus with all imaginable marks of respect and deference 122 He commends his design and promises to oblige his Vassals to appeaar in Arms ibid. He gives him assurances of an inviolable fidelity and names the Lords and Principal Country-men whom he pretended to engage in his Party 123 Under these specious pretences of Zeal and Affection for Gustavus's Cause â—da Person he conceals his Intention of betraying him ibid. He discovers the Retreat of Gustavus to a Danish Officer who causes Peterson's House to be surroundid with Souldiers ibid Gustavus escapes the danger by the means of Peterson's Wife who had disclos'd to him the treacherous Design of her Husband ibid. Laurentius and Olaus Petri spread abroad the Doctrin of Luther with very great success 151 Olaus Petri Preaches Lutheranism in the Church of Stregnes of which he was Canon and Protonotary ibid. He makes conferences publishes Theses and disputes every day in the University of that City ibid. He gains the greatest part of the Professors and Scholars of the University 152 Peter's Pence what they are 47 by whom impos'd ibid. S. STephen de Sassi makes an agreement with Gustavus's Agent to land in Sweden at the head of twelve hundred Men 145 The Senate and Senators of Sweden 3 The Senate in his first institution was establish'd only to serve as a Council to the King 4 It 's Authority is extended so far as to take cognizance of the Prince's Conduct ibid. The Soveraign Power and Majesty of the State was lodg'd in that Body ibid. Sigebritte who she was 99 ibid. She was entirely belov'd by Christiern II. She alone was Mistress of the destiny of the Court and of the whole Kingdom of Denmark 100 She both dispos'd of and took away all manner of Offices and Dignities in the State as she pleased without any regard to the Laws of that Country ibid. Christiern always approv'd her Conduct tho' never so irregular ibid. she perswades him to destroy the Noble-men and Senators of Sweden 101 She advises him to entrust the Officers of the Garrison of Stockholm with this bloody Execution 102 Steno-Sturius Administrator of Sweden 29 Steno the Son of Suanto-Sturius is acknowledg'd Administrator by the States of Sweden 34 To whom he was beholden for this Dignity ibid. The Agreement between him and Trollee his Competitor 35 An irreparable Fault committed by him 36 The behaviour of Trolle toward him 41. 42 Steno penetrates into Trolle's designs and conceals his Anger 45 He gives him a Visit at Upsal ibid. and was there magnificently entertain'd 46 He writes to the Pope complaining of the Seditious Practices of that Prelate 47 The Pope blames the Archbishops proceedings in appearan and seems privately to approve them ibid. Steno convenes the Estates Tellia with an intent to have his Authority confirm'd 48 The Legate Arcemboldi arrives in Sweden and exhorts the Administrators to Peace 52 The consequence of this Negotiation 53 Steno suspects by the Legate's discourse that he was engag'd in the Interest of his Enemies and that he wasprivy to all their Designs ib. The Administrator resolves to bring him over to his own Party by any means whatsoever ibid. He attacks him on his weak Side permitting him to publish his Indulgences in the Kingdom 54 The Legate is won by his Liberality ibid. He discloseth to Steno the designs of the King of Denmark his intrigues with the Clergy of Sweden and the Treachery of the two Governors of the Castles of Stockholm and Nicoping 56 Steno Assembleth the Senate and acquaints 'em with a Conspiracy that was form'd against the Tranquility of the State 57 He cunningly draws the Governour of Nicoping out of his Post under colour of a Muster ibid. He conveys new Troops into the Town and appoints a new Governour ibid. He gives orders to apprehend the two Governors of Stockholm and Nicoping who confess their Crime ibid. Steno 〈◊〉 advis'd to sceare the Person of Trolle and to Besiege his Castle 58 He Summons the Nobility and Militia of the Kingdom 59 He Besiegeth the Archbishop 60 The Arrival of the Danes obligeth him to divide his Forces 62 He defeats the Danes ibid. He coustrains Trolle to abandon his Castle and to appear before the Senate who cause a formal Process to be drawn up against him 64 65 The Pape commands Steno by his Legate to Re-establish Trolle in his Metrepolitan See under pain of Excommunication 66 He acquaints the Senate with the Popes Demands and Menaces 67 The Temperal Lords despise them idid The Administrator endeavours to engage the Legate in his Interests by offering him the Rich Archbishoprick of Upsal 68 Pope Leo X. upon Steno's refusal to restore Trolle to his former Dignity suspends the Kingdom of Sweden from Divine Service and Excommunicates this Prince with the whole
ibid. sequ Orders are given to arrest his Father Kindred and other suspicious Persons ibid. This Prelate ventures to appear before the Estates ibid. The Administrator advances to besiege him in his Castle 60 〈◊〉 The Bishops of Stregnez and Lincoping his Friends exhort him to make at least a seeming Peace with the Administrator 61 He rejects their advice ibid. His consternation upon the defeat of the Danes The principal Officers of his Garrison oblige him to Capitulate 63 He demands to treat in Person with the Administrator ibid. He Surrenders himself to this Prince who sends him to the Senate 64 He is brought to his Tryal 65 He is condemned to resign his Dignity and to spend the remainder of his Life in a Monastery ib. He dispatches one of his Creatures to Rome to protest against the Violence done to him and to implore the Protection of the H. See 66 Upon the news of the Administrator's death he leaves the place of his Retreat 83 He resumes the marks of his Dignity which he had solemnly abdicated in the Senate ibid. He calls a Meeting of the Estates at Upsal 84 85 He gives the Title of King of Sweden to Christiern in the name of this Assembly as if he had been really acknowledg'd by the Estates of the Realm 85 86 He prohibits the Clergy to grant Christian Burial to those who dyed in Arms against Christiern King of Denmark 86 He takes measures with Christiern to destroy the Swedish Noble-men whom they suspected 106 He performes the Ceremony of the Coronation of Christiern ibid. He appears before the King in a full Assembly and demands Justice against the deceased Administrator and against the Senators and Lords who had forc'd him to resign his dignity 107 Gustavus Writes to him in respectful Terms to draw him off from the Danish Party 147 He rejects his Letter and sends to the Vice-Roy the two Canons of Upsal who had brought it to him requiring that they should be put to death ibid. He demands Troops of the Vice-Roy to seize upon Gustavus's Person in Upsal 148 He was very near surprizing him in this City ibid. He overtakes him at the Ford of Lateby and puts him in danger again of being kil'd or taken Prisoner 149 He leaves the Kingdom and retires to Denmark 153 Truce Christiern breaks the Truce between Sweden and Denmark 57 He proposes to the Administrator a Truce for some days 72 U UPsal The Archbishop of Upsal Primate of Sweden and a Senator by his office See Trolle Trolle Archbishop of this City calls a Meeting of the Estates of the Kingdom of Sweden 84 The Persons who assisted and what was ordain'd in that Assembly 85 sequ Gustavus takes the City by Storm 144 The Archbishop regains it from Gustavus 149 Gustavus retakes it 151 W WAdestene Gustavus calls a Meeting of the Estates in this place 156 Upon what account and what determin'd in the Assembly ibid. sequ Waldemer King of Denmark 11 His Daughter Margaret See Margaret Westeras the City and Castle of that name 138 The Vice-Roy of Sweden retires thither ibid. a Stratagem us'd by Gustavus to make himself Master of the City 139 Weter a Lake whether Otho General of ohe Danish Army retir'd with the Forces under his Command 80 SCANDINAVIA or the Kingdoms of DENMARK SUEDEN NORWAY LAPLAND THE HISTORY OF THE Revolutions IN SWEDEN SWEDEN was anciently an Elective Kingdom and was still such about the middle of the Fourteenth Age for tho' the Children and nearest Relations of the Deceas'd Monarch were usually advanc'd to the Throne the Order of Birth-right was sometimes neglected and the Succession was always determin'd by Choice And by virtue of this Right of Election the Swedes oftentimes claim'd a Power to Depose their Sovereigns when they incroach'd upon the Liberty and Privileges of the Nation The Royal Authority was confin'd within very narrow Limits for the King cou'd neither make War nor Peace and much less raise Money or Soldiers without the Consent of the Senate or of the Estates when they were assemblâ—d 'T was not lawful for him to erect new Forts or to put the Government of the old Castles into the Hands of Strangers The bringing of Forreign Troops into the Kingdom wou'd have infallibly expos'd him to the Danger of an Universal Revolt For every thing that might serve to extend or even to confirm the Prerogative was hated and suspected by the People who were as jealous of the Power of their Sovereigns as of that of their Neighbours and Enemies The Patrimonial Revenue of the Crown consisted only in certain small Territories near Upsal and in a very easie Tribute which was exacted from the Peasants by way of a Poll-Tax In the Reign of King Magnus Ladaslasz the Copper Mines the Propriety of the three great Lakes Meler Vener and Veter and the Right of Fishing upon the Coast of the Baltick Sea were by the Senate reunited to the Crown and by the same Authority it was ordain'd That they who had purchas'd untill'd Lands held in Fee or a Right to Pasturage in the Forests should afterwards pay those Duties to the Crown from which they had freed themselves during the Civil Wars Since by the Laws of the Kingdom there were few Offences punishable with Death the Fines and Forfeitures that were exacted on such Occasions were of old a considerable Branch of the King's Revenue but the Bishops and Clergy had seiz'd on the Profits which accru'd that way and perhaps colour'd their Injustice under a Pretext that these Fines belong'd to the Church as a kind of Expiation or Atonement for the Crimes of the Malefactors The Fees or Mannors and the Governments of Castles which at first were only granted for Life or for a Term of Years were insensibly chang'd to Hereditary Possessions For the Noble-men who enjoy'd 'em neglected the Payment of the usual Daties for those Posts which they held by no other Title but their own Power and the Weakness of the Crown And the Bishops and others of the Clergy who were possest of such Places made use of the plausible Pretext of Religion to claim an Exemption from the Duties they were oblig'd to pay for those Estates which they pretended were devolv'd to the Church and become part of its Patrimony Thus the Clergy and Nobility had by several Usurpations engross'd so great a part of the Prince's Revenue that the Remainder at that time was scarce sufficient to maintain 500 Horse The King was almost only consider'd as the Captain-General of the State during the War and as the President of the Senate in time of Peace 'T is true the former of these Junctures was always most favourable to the Prerogative especially when the War was carry'd on with Success against the Enemies of the Nation but the Conclusion of a Peace put a stop to his growing Authority and left him only a Power to call a Meeting of the Estates to propose Matter for their Deliberation
a Victory when one of his Legs was shot off by a Cannon-builet The Swedes were so dishearten'd at the sight of their General 's Misfortune that they began to shrink and give ground The Danish General was too well acquainted with the Art of War to neglect so fair an opportunity of snatching the Victory out of the Hands of a staggering and dismaid Enemy And therefore as soon as he perceiv'd their Disorder he order'd his Cannon to be charg'd with Cartouches and pointed at the Swedish Cavalry and at the same time he brought up his Infantry who made a continual Fire The Swedish Cavalry having lost the Spirit that animated 'em mantain'd a running Fight for some time but at last fearing to be surrounded they fled with the utmost Precipitation and Confusion During the general Disorder the Administrator was carry'd off upon a Sledge by his Servants and dy'd of his Wound near Stregnez as they were bringing him to Stockholm He was extreamly valiant but his undaunted Courage was not accompany'd with an equal Dexterity in the Management of Affairs In a word he was a better Soldier than a Statesman and fitter to command a Party than to govern a Kingdom Otho who knew as well how to improve as how to obtain a Victory gave Orders to his Troops to march immediately against the Swedish Infantry and the Peasants who guarded the Pass of Tyvede He imagin'd that he cou'd easily force their Trenches and commanded the Danish Foot to attack 'em but the Swedes made so brave a Resistance that their Enemies were oblig'd to retire with a considerable Loss The General enrag'd at the Cowardice of his Men order'd the French Infantry to renew the Attack and at the same time went round the Trenches to see whether he cou'd discover an easier Passage or a Place that was not so strongly guarded In the mean time the Prince of Foucarmont advanc'd at the Head of the French and was the first Man who mounted the Rampart with his Sword in his hand but immediately after he receiv'd so dangerous a Wound with an Arrow that he fell into the Ditch The French as if the Fall of their Commander had been design'd for a Signal attack'd the Swedes with so obstinate a Fury that they made themselves Masters of the Trenches notwithstanding an incredible Resistance and while they kept the Enemy in play Otho open'd a Passage in another Place Tho' the Swedes were extreamly weaken'd and fatigu'd by the Length of the Engagement and surrounded on all Sides they continu'd to make a very brave Desence the Peasants animated with Despair and Rage râ—n into the thickest Battalions neither expecling nor desiring to live and even willing to die prâ—vided they cou'd revenge their Death by that 〈◊〉 an Enemy They were all cut to pieces except some who made their Escape in the Night and fled to the Woods from whence they return'd by Degrees to their respective Habitations The Danish General perceiving that there were no Forces left to oppose him pass'd thro' the Forest of Tyvede and penetrated into the Heart of the Kingdom There were no regulated Troops nor Militia on Foot to make Head against the Enemy the People generally fled to the remotest Provinces the greatest Part of the Senators shut themselves up in their Castles the Administrator's Widow retir'd to the Cittadel of Stockholm with the two young Princes her Children and the Peasants dreading the Fate of their Countrymen took shelter in the Woods There was no possibility of putting a Stop to the Carrier of the Publick Mistortunes and retrieving the Honour of the Kingdom but by proceeâ—ing to the Election of a new Administrator who might have encourag'd and commanded the Nobility to make another and more vigorous Effort rasly'd the Militia and scatter'd Troops and oppos'd Christiern's Pretensions to the Crown of Sweden The Clergy imploy'd all their Interest to prevent an Election which they foresaw wou'd be extreamly prejudicial to the Interest of that Prince As soon as the Archbishop receiv'd Advice of the Administrator's Death he left the Monartery whither he had retir'd and resuming the Authority which he had solemnly resign'd in the Senate he march'd straight to Vpsal and made that City declare for the King of Denmark The Bishops of Lincoping and Stregnez were always secret Abettors of the Danish Faction but had declin'd siding openly with either Party while the Event of the War seem'd to be uncertain took this occasion to discover their real Inclinations They publickly own'd the Justice and Reasonableness of the King of Denmark's Claim and visited all the Places in their respective Dioceses to hinder the Nobility from taking up Arms flattering some with Hope of Reward and terrifying others with the Fear of Punishment They endeavour'd to perswade all sorts of Persons that Sweden was not in a Condition to resist the Danes that the late Administrator by disobeying the Head of the Church had provok'd the Indignation of Heav'n and receiv'd the Just Reward of his Contumacy that a new Election wou'd only serve to encrease the Guilt of the Nation and expose it to utter Ruin whereas 't was in their Power to restore Plenty and Tranquillity by submitting to the Orders of the holy See and concluding a solid Peace with Denmark By such subtle Insinuations they gain'd three Senators and several Lords First Trelle Eric Abrahami Benedict Caâ—â—ut whose Lands were most expos'd to the Fury of the Enemy And under pretext of securing the Quiet and Safety of their Country they perswaded these Lords to send Deputies to General Crumpein to desire a Truce in the Name of the whole Nation and to assure him that in the mean time they wou'd take such Resolutions as might be equally profitable to both Kingdoms and agreeable to the King his Master The cunning General wou'd not absolutely deny their Request but he took care they shou'd not have time to reflect upon their Condition and upon their true Interest He granted only a Truce for Eleven Days and during that Time he requir'd that a Meeting of the Estates shou'd be held at Vpsal where he wou'd appear to acquaint 'em with his Master's pretensions The Archbishop who by his Office was the first Senator call'd the Meeting and the Clergy us'd all their Interest and Rhetoric to perswade the Nobility and Commons either to come in Person or send Deputies to the Assembly but the greatest Part of 'em refus'd positively to meet in a Place that had declar'd for the Enemy So that the whole Assembly consisted only of the Bishops the three Senators whom they had gain'd and some Lords of West Gothland who were scar'd into a Compliance by the Troops and Menaces of the Danish General However the Archbishop open'd the Convention which being intirely compos'd of his Friends and Creatures was absolutely govern'd by him In the mean time Otho repair'd to Vpsal accompanied with the principal Officers of his Army and requir'd the Estates to abolish the
of that Title they might make themselves Masters of those Revenues of which they were only the Stewards and Distributers that the Estates and Revenues of the Laity ought to be reputed the Patrimony of the Church as well as those of the Clergy that the Clergy was the smallest part of the Church and ought to contribute proportionably for the security and preservation of the Government by which they were protected That he acknowledg'd 't wou'd be expedient to find out some other more plausible Pretences than the Good of the State to prevent an Insurrection of the People who were commonly possess'd both by the Regular and Secular Clergy that all Attempts upon their Temporalties strike at Religion it self That to frustrate their Claims he must take advantage of Luther's Reformation which began then to take Root in the Kingdom and by the help of his Doctrin which equally invaded the Temporal Power and the excessive Wealth of the Clergy he might afterwards seize the Forts that were in the Hands of the Bishops and re-unite to the Crown all the Lands that were alienated by his Predecessors with more Zeal than Policy That Pope Leo X. had indeed condemn'd Luther but it was well known that famous Doctor was only odious to the Court of Rome because he boldly and publickly censur'd its great Corruption and Abuses and that his Opinions which might pass for indifferent among other Nations as long as they were not condemn'd by the Church in a General Council were in the mean time of the greatest Importance for the settling of his Power in Sweden and the success of his Design That the People having their Minds prepar'd and possess'd by Lutheran Doctors wou'd see with great satisfaction the Clergy stript of their great Estates especially if care were taken at the same time to ease the People of the heavy Taxes That one of the best Expedients wou'd be to restore to the Gentry the Lands given away by their Ancestors to the Church and that they wou'd never be tempted to oppose a Doctrin that shou'd bring so great a Blessing to their Families That the greatest part of the Monks lookt upon their Monasteries as dismal tho' stately Prisons and many of 'em would be glad to quit 'em and embrace a Religion which restor'd 'em to all the Rights of Civil Society That the inferior Clergy wou'd joyfully take hold of that occasion to free themselves from the Vows of Celibacy and exchange their scandalous Concubinage for lawful Matrimony That the Bishops alone as being most powerful and most concern'd in that Change would probably oppose it but that things were in a better posture than in the Reign of King Canutson there being no Bishops in Sweden in a condition to make War against their Sovereign and if they shou'd obstinately persist in the old Religion it might perhaps be an Advantage to him That their Number was inconsiderable and 't would be no difficult matter under specious Pretences to remove or banish 'em whereas if they embrace Lutheranism they might pretend by marrying to erect their Bishopricks into secular Principalities and consequently frustrate him of the main Benefit he cou'd expect from the Establishment of the Lutheran Doctrin in his Kingdom That after all the Archbishop and Primate John Magnus was a timorous and wavering Prelate and a Man of no Interest who probably wou'd think himself happy tho' with the loss of part of his Estate to be excused from imbracing the predominant Religion of the Kingdom That the Bishops of Stregnez and Westeras whom he had newly preferred to those two rich Benefices were of mean Extraction and of too little Credit among the People to dare to oppose his Will and that the Bishops of Vexio and Aboo knew little of the state of the Controversy betwixt the Roman Catholicks and the Lutherans and had no great mind to dive into that Matter That those Prelates were illiterate Men and such as wou'd be affected with nothing so much as the lessening of their Revenues That their irregular Lives and Conversations had drawn such a Scandal upon 'em as wou'd make it inconsistent with their Interest to thwart the Designs of their Sovereign but wou'd rather incline 'em to imbrace any Offer that shou'd not oblige 'em to forsake their Pleasures So there remain'd only the Bishops of Lincopine and Scara who might oppose his Designs two Prelates really infatuated with their Dignity jealous of all their Rights wedded to their own Opinions inclin'd still to the Danish Faction notwithstanding all King Christiern's Cruelties and the most like to blind the People with a plausible pretence of appearing in the Defence of the true Religion But when Lutheranism shou'd be once receiv'd by the States of the Realm by the plurality of Voices 't wou'd be an easy thing to make the Resistance of those Bishops a Crime of State and to banish 'em out of the Kingdom with all such as should appear most stifly bent for the preservation of the ancient Religion To which he added That he was not ignorant of the great Difficulties which always attended the Infancy of Governments and Empires but that those very Princes who meet with opposition and resistance in the beginning of their Reigns are at last commonly respected and lookt upon as the Fathers of their Country Gustavus cou'd not but relish those Reasons of State that were so agreeable to the secret Scheme he had laid for the securing of his Government He foresaw the Emperor's Credit with the Pope wou'd hinder his Holiness from declaring in his behalf and therefore thought 't wou'd be expedient to pull down his Authority in Sweden and that nothing cou'd be more conducive to that end than Lutheranism He therefore easily suckt in those Tenents which perhaps he lookt upon but as the Result of some Disputations among Divines and thought at the same time he might reasonably imbrace that Party which seemed most favourable to the settling of his Regal Power which most Sovereigns either do not or will not distinguish from the Good of the State The King wou'd have willingly declar'd in behalf of Lutheranism but that the Change of Religion was not a sufficient Ground for him to compass his Designs and besides a sudden Change might have prov'd of very ill consequence It was therefore safest for his unsettl'd Power to see the Change begun by the People and that he shou'd seem afterwards to embrace this Doctrin out of meer Complaisance to his Subjects But all the Swedes had not the same Inclination to those new Opinions as the King had nor so pressing an Interest to change their Religion Gustavus foresaw that this Change wou'd not be the Work of one Year by reason of the great and apparent Obstacles that must be first overcome He was not ignorant there wou'd be a great number of eminent Persons in the Realm and even in his own Court that wou'd oppose his Enterprise and quit his Interest upon the very first
of the Church as the greatest Bulwark of the ancient Religion and the other considering Luther's Doctrin as a problematical and indifferent Opinion till the Church shou'd decide the Controversy in a general Council were for an intire submission to the King 's Will. The Chancellor omitted nothing to make the chief Deputies sensible that Kingdoms ought not to be Rul'd by the Maxims of Priests and Monks who have a separate Interest from that of the State owning a Foreign Prince the Pope for their Sovereign That the safety of the State upon all Occasions and in all Emergencies ought to be the prime and over-ruling Law and all other humane Constitutions being made only for the Preservation of Civil Society the Prince and supream Magistrate ought to be vested with a Power to alter 'em according to the Exigencies and Temper of every Nation That the greatest part of the Ecclesiasticks and Monks had seiz'd on the whole Wealth of the Kingdom under different Pretences of Devotion That the Bishops by the Claim they assum'd of being the sole Heirs of the Priests ruin'd daily some of the best Families and by that Title as well as their pretended Right to Penalties and Consiscations incroach'd insensibly upon all the Estates that they secur'd their unjust Acquisitiones from all Attempts of Recovery under the Name of Church Lands terrifying with the Bâ—g-bear of Excommunication all that shou'd â—â—ser just Complaines against their Oppression and branding with Heresy any Opinion condemned by the Pope as Heretical tho' they deem'd him no otherwise Infallible than so far as his Infallibility consisted with their Interests By such Discourses and other secret Ways the Chancellor brought over most of the Deputies to the King's Party and gain'd many of the Clergy themselves to yield to his Arguments under pretext that Religion was not the Thing aimed at but meerly a Temporal Concern besides that they were over-aw'd by the Power and the Anger of the King and terrify'd with this Notion That too obstinate a Resistance was next to down-right Treason and Rebellion The King had already made sure of the best part of the Assembly when Tureiohanson flattering himself with the imaginary Strength of his Party talkt of nothing but burning the Hereticks and urg'd the Estates with a great deal of Earnestness to make a Law to declare Lutherans incapable of possessing the Crown with a secret Design to exclude the King and that he might have a sufficient Ground to oppose the Solemnity of his Coronation This Point was debated with a great deal of heat in the Assembly every one speaking according to his Interest or Inclination when the Bishop of Stregnez who had been secretly gain'd by the Court desir'd leave to speak As soon as that Prelate had obtain'd liberty to be heard Loc. l. 6. p. 270. he told the Estates That he was surpriz'd to see Men in that Assembly who had the considence to speak so publickly of the King's Abdication almost within his hearing or at least under the Canon of his Castle That Matters of such vast Importance were not to be decided by Caballing or Plurality of Voices That there were many in that Assembly who cou'd signalize their Courage against his as in a Field of Battel and yet perhaps cou'd hardly bear the very Looks and Presence of their King if he shou'd appear in Arms. He ask'd 'em what Forces they had to oppose a Prince who had the sole Command of all the Troops And in case he were willing to Abdicate whether they had a sufficient Fund to repay him the vast Charge he had been at for the Defence of the State He added That 't was not an easy matter to reckon with a great Captain at the Head of a considerable Army who might as long as he pleas'd retain the Sovereign Power for a Pledge of Payment That they were grosly mistaken if they thought that Sweden under another Prince or another Form of Government was able to make a long Resistance against so many Enemies with which the Kingdom was surrounded That all intelligent Persons were sensible that the Power and Strength of the Kingdom lay more in the King's Person than Dignity that his Majesty cou'd never make a step to quit the Throne but what wou'd make way for the Kings of Denmark Christiern or Frederick to ascend it and that 't was only his Courage and Valor that kept all the Enemies of the Nation in awe The same Prelate added That tho' the King did not appear a Friend to the Clergy yet the prevailing Power of Truth and the cordial Affection he bore to the State oblig'd him to own that the safety of the Kingdom depended entirely upon his Royal Person That he acknowledg'd the Great Marshal's Zeal was to be commended by which he had laid eternal Obligations upon both the Regular and Secular Clergy but that a violent and unlimited Zeal had often occasion'd great Mischiefs That for his part he thought it more expedient for 'em to quit some Rights and to give up some of their Priviledges at a time when their Compliance was so necessary for the preservation of the Kingdom than by too great a Stiffness and Self-interessedness to exasperate a Prince who was equally powerful and necessary That however it was unreasonable to suspect that the King had chang'd his Religion meerly because he wou'd not burn all those who said their Prayers in their Mother Tongue That the King had often declar'd he was resolv'd to persist in the Religion of his Ancestors That after all they cou'd not but own that the Monks had under the pretence of Devotion introduc'd into the Church many Superstitions which utterly defac'd the Christian Religion That the King with the help of the ablest Men of the Kingdom might correct those Abuses without giving any occasion to accuse or suspect him of a Design to incroach upon Religion and that he might shake off the Yoak of the Court of Rome without separating from the Communion of the Roman Church This Prelate's Discourse made the greater Impression upon the Estates because 't was not expected from one of his Character The Bishops and the whole Clergy were full of Rage and Indignation but he receiv'd a loud and general Applause from almost all the rest of the Assembly In short his Discourse seem'd at once to have dispers'd all those Inchantments which had made 'em so long oppose the King's Designs They lookt upon his Absence both as their Fault and Misfortune Their Heat against their Prince was chang'd to an Emulation among 'em to give him what satisfaction he demanded that they might have the Happiness to see him sooner at the Head of the Assembly Immediately they made a Declaration sutable to his Intentions notwithstanding the clamorous opposition of the Clergy and notice was given to the Great Marshal that it was not safe for him to make so great a noise in the Assembly Pafendorf The Deputies of the Commonalty believing
Churches or of the old ones who alter'd the usual Ceremonies took up Arms with a great deal of fury The Priests and Monks joyn'd with 'em and all the Catholicks and Malecontents espous'd their Quarrel some out of zeal for their Ancient Religion and others out of spite because they had no share in the Spoils of the Church The Bishop of Scara no sooner heard of this Commotion but he fled privately to that Province to joyn with the Rebels He was accompany'd by the Great Marshal and many Gentlemen of West-Gothland who had ingag'd not to lay down their Arms till they had obtain'd the Restoration of the Ancient Religion They were receiv'd with great Acclamations by the Dalecarlians who gave the general Command of their Forces to Tureiohanson This Lord had three Sons the two Eldest of whom were near the King's Person and the Third was Grand Provost of the Cathedral of Vpsal who hearing that his Father was at the head of the Rebels made it his business to scatter Manifestos against the King thro' the whole Province of Vpland exhorting the People to take up Arms and revenge the Injuries that were done to the Altars and to incourage the People by his example he put himself at the head of some Troops In the mean time the great Marshal his Father sent order to his two other Sons to steal away from the Court and joyn their Brother or come to him with as many of their Friends as they cou'd perswade to follow ' em But these young Lords were highly displeas'd with their Father's Rebellion which oblig'd 'em either to declare against him or against their Sovereign and of two Duties which appear'd to 'em equally indispensable to chuse the one and renounce the other But their Allegiance to the King prevail'd at last over their Duty to their Father and even to Religion it self They concluded that in a State-Affair they ought to adhere to the Supream Authority and that the difference of Religious Worship was not a sufficient ground to excuse 'em from the obedience they ow'd to their Lawful Prince They consider'd besides that their Loyalty to the King might probably obtain their Father's Pardon and that it was more agreeable to the rules of prudence to put themselves in a condition by their Fidelity to obtain Pardon for their Father than to make themselves guilty of the same Crime in expectation of a better Fortune Upon these considerations they deliver'd their Letters to the King protesting that they were ready to lay down their Lives for his service Gustavus receiv'd 'em very graciously and promis'd to prefer 'em But seem'd neither to be surpriz'd nor alarm'd at the News Nor did he make any apparent preparations in order to reduce the Rebels saying that he wou'd decline appearing in Arms that his Subjects might not be oblig'd to fight against each other and that he hop'd to crush the Rebellion by gentler Methods Yet he lost no time but made his Troops secretly file off by different ways towards the Borders of Dalecarlia that he might be all of a sudden in a condition to reduce the Rebels by the fear of Punishment Upon the first News of the Insurrection he had sent some Persons from Court who had Friends among the Malecontents and were not unknown among the Dalecarlians with instructions to reduce the Rebels by fair means These Agents apply'd themselves first to the Bishop of Scara the great Marshal and other Malecontents that had joyn'd the Dalecarlians They indeavour'd to gain the leading Men by advantageous Offers but they found 'em most obstinate and those who were willing to treat had so little an influence upon the party and stood upon so high Terms that the Agents did not think fit to buy 'em off at so great a rate They had better success among the Dalecarlian Peasants whom they prevail'd upon to send Deputies to the Court perswading 'em that his Majesty wou'd deny nothing to a People to whom he ow'd his Crown and Glory but their true design was only to amuse 'em that they might be less cautious in providing for their own defence The Deputies of the Dalecarlians not penetrating into the King's Policy but concluding by the steps he made that he stood in Awe of 'em thought they might easily make their own Terms In the Name of their Province and of all the Roman Catholicks of the Kingdom they demanded that Lutheranism shou'd be punish'd in Sweden as a Capital Crime that the Marriage of Priests and Monks shou'd be Abolish'd the Bells and Church-Plate restor'd and all Persons Burnt without any Regard or Distinction that shou'd be convicted to have eaten Flesh on Fish-Days That the King shou'd oblige himself after the example of his Predecessors never to pass the River of Brunebeck which separates their Province from Westmania without giving 'em Hostages for the security of their Priviledges But above all that both King and Courtiers shou'd reassume the ancient Habit of Sweden and not be beholden to strangers for new Fashions and Dresses Gustavus gave the Deputies great hopes that he wou'd grant at least part of their Demands while he secretly put all things in a readiness to surprize the Rebels with his whole Army Having receiv'd advice that his Troops were come within a days March of their appointed Rendezvous he immediately dismiss'd the Deputies and order'd them to tell their Country-men that he wou'd never condescend to treat with his Subjects and that they might appear in Arms in the Plain of Tuna to fight the Battel he was resolv'd to offer them at the head of his Army He added that if they wou'd avoid the effects of his indignation they must expel the Malecontents out of their Province lay down their Arms and submit to his Mercy Assoon as the King had dismist the Deputies he took Post immediately for the Army and the Rebels were so amaz'd at his unexpected Diligence and Resolution that they were seiz'd with a sudden Fear and Consternation when they heard of his Approach Tureiohanson and those of his party suspected the Dalecarlians and fancy'd they had made a separate Peace for themselves and the Peasants reciprocally thought they were betray'd by the Lords In short they were jealous of each other and their mutual suspicion and distrust was by degrees chang'd to Hatred and Enmity The Bishop of Scara and Tureiohanson not thinking themselves safe with the Dalecarlians made their escape privately into Norway from whence they retir'd to King Christiern in the Low-Countries and the rest of the Malecontents alarm'd at their flight some fled one way some another The Dalecarlians seeing themselves without a Head or Leader resolv'd to submit and yield to their Prince's Mercy They went to the Plain of Tuna where the King staid for 'em at the Head of his Army He commanded his Horse to surround 'em and the Rebels at the same time to discover their Ring leaders The affrighted Peasants declar'd their names and the
King immediately caus'd 'em to be Beheaded to curb by so necessary a severity the seditious and inconstant Humor of these People Thus by an innocent Artifice and commendable Diligence he appeas'd a furious Infurrection without any Effusion of Blood or Diminution of his Forces These were the last Efforts of an Unbridl'd and Tumultuous Liberty which was forc'd to give way to a more absolute and consequently more peaceful Dominion After this the whole Kingdom submitted to the King and all his Subjects imbrac'd Lutheranism some out of regard to their private Interest and to make their Court and others out of their abhorrence of the irregular Life of the Clergy The Lutheran Doctors gain'd some Proselytes by perswading 'em that their Masters Opinions in Matters of Religion which were falsly reckon'd Innovations were nothing else but primitive Christianity restor'd and purg'd from all Monkish Superstitions and many were glad to be convinc'd of the Truth of the prevailing Religion that they might preserve their Estates without being forc'd to seek their Fortunes abroad Gustavus seeing that most of his Subjects had chang'd their Religion at last declar'd himself a Lutheran He made Olaus Petri Pastor of the Church of Stockholm and his Brother Laurentius Petri Arch-Bishop of Vpsal Upon this new Prelate he bestow'd a Lady who was related to him that the Honor of his Alliance might oblige the People to entertain less scandalous notions of a Marri'd Priest or perhaps that so illustrious a Match might make amends for the great Revenues he had withdrawn from so rich a Benefice The King's Coronation follow'd soon after and was perform'd at Vpsal by this Prelate with great Solemnity January 12. and at the same time he Conferr'd the Honor of Knighthood on all the Senators and the chief Lords of the Court. Sweden was Lutheran all over King Senators Bishops and all the Nobility made publick Profession of that Religion But whereas most of the Country Curates and others of the inferior Clergy had imbrac'd it meerly by force or out of weakness an extravagant Medly of Roman Ceremonies and Lutheran Prayers was introduc'd into several Churches in the Kingdom Some Married Priests and Curates continu'd still to say Mass in several Places according to the Roman Ritual and Liturgy Baptism was administred with all the Prayers and Exorcisms appointed by the Church and the Dead were Buri'd with the same Prayers that are us'd to beg God to relieve the Souls of the Faithful tho' the Doctrin of Purgatory was condemn'd by the Lutherans The King desirous to establish an uniformity of Worship throughout the whole Kingdom a thing so necessary for the publick Peace especially in a Monarchy call a general Assembly of the whole Clergy in the form of a National Council The Assembly was held at Orebro the chief Town of Nericia Loc. l. 6. p. 276. Bazius Mist Eccle. Succ. and the Chancellor Lardz-Anderson presided in the Kings Name This Lutheran Council was compos'd of the Bishops Doctors and Pastors of the principal Churches They own'd the Augsburg-Confession as the Rule and Standard of their Faith and solemnly renounc'd their Obedience to the Pope as Head of the Church They order'd the Roman Worship to be intirely abolish'd prohibited all Prayers for the Dead borrow'd from the Lutheran Churches of Germany the manner of administring Baptism and the Communion declar'd the Marriage of Priests Lawful and Condemn'd Celibacy and Monastick Vows They confirm'd the Ordinance of the Estates at Westeras by which the Church lost her Priviledges and the greatest part of her Revenues And which is observable these Regulations were made by almost the same Persons who the Year before had shew'd so much zeal for the Defence of the Ancient Religion so few there are that can long withstand the fear of Persecution or the hopes of Favour Yet they met with great difficulties in abolishing the Practice of the Roman Church in the Administration of the Sacraments The People and the Women especially cou'd not be satisfy'd without the Ceremonies of Baptism and the Prayers for the Dead The whole Kingdom was fill'd with Marmurings and Complaints upon the Occasion Most Women thro' an excessive Fear proceeding perhaps as much from their Temper as Virtue thought their Children cou'd not be well baptiz'd without the use of Salt and Exorcisms And a small residue of Faith as to the belief of Purgatory created such a disturbance in their Minds on the account of their deceas'd Relations as cou'd not be allay'd by all the Eloquence of the Lutheran Doctors Gustavus fearing the Complaints and Discontent of the People shou'd break out into a new Rebellion order'd the Lutheran Ministers to comply with those who stood up obstinately for the ancient Ceremonies and not to use the new but where they found a Temper dispos'd to receive ' em The King having thus compleated the alteration of Religion undertook another Project which gave him no less hope of filling his Coffers Most of the Swedish Provinces were formerly over-spread with vast Forests King Olaus Traetelga Amund An. 891. and some of their Successors caus'd a great part of 'em to be Dis-forested and bestow'd these new Lands in Fee-farm upon the Nobility and Gentry for which they were to pay a certain Duty to the Crown The Lords and Gentlemen had by degrees during the Civil Wars exempted themselves from paying those ancient Duties and a long Prescription seem'd to have abolish'd 'em till they were reviv'd by the King who requir'd both from the Nobility and Gentry either to part with their Fiefs or to pay Rents at which they were originally tax'd The Claims and Demands of this Prince differ'd not much from the most arbitrary Laws and Decrees and the Parties concern'd alarm'd at this after-clap offer'd to come to a fair Composition The chief Lords of each Province came and treated about it with the Chancellor and agreed to pay to the King Ten Marks of Silver for every Fief or Mannor or as it was then call'd for every Land that paid Tribute to the Crown Thus every thing succeeded with this Prince according to his desire and even beyond his hope He look'd upon the alteration of Religion as the happiest and most important passage of his Reign and the humbling of the Clergy who were no less formidable to him than the Danes as a second Conquest of Sweden Of all his Enemies he had none left but Christiern that cou'd make him uneasy or occasion the least disturbance That Prince was still in Flanders from whence he earnestly solicited the Emperor his Brother-in-law that he wou'd contribute his assistance in order to his Restoration Gustavus kept Spies about him who gave him Intelligence that Christiern was levying Soldiers in Holland From thence he concluded that the Threats and Design of a Descent in the Northern Kingdoms were ready to break out into Action and that Sweden and Denmark were like to be the Scene of the War He immediately sent notice of
the Brother of Arwide who carried on the War in those Parts for Gustavus ib. Norby sends a considerable Convey to supply Stockholm with Provisions 8. he receives the morti ying News that his Convoy was taken by Gustavus's Fleet 9. he fits out his own Fleet and sets Sail with Provisions and Soldiers which he hopes to convey into Stockholm 9 10. he meets in his passage with the Lubeck Fleet and Fleming's Squadron 10. the Signs of an approaching Siorm oblige him to retire ib. in the Evening he stands in to a small Island where he was surpriz'd in the Night with an extraordinary Frost ib. the Lubeck Troops commanded by Gustavus set Fire to his Ships 11. Norby beâ—rs off and retires into the Port of Calmar with the shatter'd remainder of his Fleet ib. be resolves to hazard another Battel 12. he is inform'd that the whole Kingdâ—m of Denmark had revolted against Christiern ib. being certify'd of the Flight and Abdication of their Prince he leaves Sweden and gives over the Design of relieving Stockholm 15. he leaves a weak Garrison in Calmar and retires with his whole Fleet to the Isle of Gothland of which he was Governour ib. he treats Frederick King of Denmark and Gustavus King of Sweden as Vsurpers and protests to make War against 'em both 29 he cruises in the Baltick Sea and takes divers considerable Prizes 30. he lays aside Christiern's Flag and assumes the quality of Prince of Gothland ib of an Admiral of Denmark he becomes a Pyrate ib. he stiles himself the Friend of God and an Enemy to the whole World ib. he ruins the Commerce of Lubeck and the Hanse-Towus ib. Gustavus concludes a Treaty with the Republick of Lubeck by which be is oblig'd to declare War against him 34. Norby perceiving that he was unable to oppose the Power of the King of Sweden sets up the Danish Colours on the tâ—p of the Tâ—ron walls 35. he offres to acknowledge the King of Denmark as his Sovereign Prince if he would assist him against the Swedes ib. O. Olaus Petri preaches the Doctrin of Luther in Sweden 40. he publishes a Swedish Version of the New Testament 52. a Conperence bâ—â—â—â—een Olans and Gallus held at Upsal in the presence of the King and the whole Senate 54 c. be prints an account of it to his own advantage 57. he takes a Wife ib. Frederick of Oldenburg Duke of Holstein Vncle to Christiern II. 13. the Estates of the Kingdom of Denmark conspire against Christiern and secretly treas with Frederick See Frederick P. Popedom whether there be any Laws that positively exclude Bastards from the Papal Dignity 69. Purgatory the Lutheran Doctors discourse against Purgatery 52. R. Religion what course Gustavus took to extirpate the Roman Catholick Religion See Lutheranism Rostock Gustavus requires the Magistrates of Rostock to deliver up the counterfeit Steno nam'd Hans who had retir'd thither 65. they cause him to be beheaded ibid. Rome taken pillag'd and laid waste by the Army of the Emperor Charles V. 69. S. Stammel General of the Forces of the Republick of Lubeck 7 c. his persidi usness 11. Scara the Bishop of Scara takes up Arms to maintain his Dignity and the Rights of his Church 85 86. he engages Tureiohanson in his Party with several Lords of West-Gothland who endeavour to cause the Province to revolt but to no purpose 86. Stegeburg Arwide besieges this place by Gustavus's Order 2. the Governer defends it with great Courage and Resolution 3. after ward being won with the kindness of Gustavus he delivers up the Town to him and brings over the whole Garrison to his Army ib. Stockholm Colonel Sassi and Fredage invest the City 2. Admiral Norbi obliges 'em to raise the Siege 5. Gustavus besieges it again 6 he gives Orders to his Fleet in conjunction with that of Lubeck to cruise before the Port of Stockholm 8. he follows them and comes up to the City 12. he makes himself Master of it 19. Stregnez Gustavus calls a Meeting of the Estates in that place 16. is proclaim'a King of Sweden in Stregnez 17. the Bishop of Stregnez devotes himself to the Interest of the Court and abandons that of his Church 66. The Bishop of Lincopinc reproaches him on that account 72. Sudercopinc Gustavus caâ—â—s a Convention of the Estates at Sudercopinc 22 the long Diâ—course which the Danish Embassador made before the States of Sweden ib. their Answer to his Speech 23. the Estates in the Embassador's Presence declare Arâ—â—hâ—shop Trolle to be a Traitor and an Enemy to his Country ib. they oblige themseâ—ves by an cuâ—hentick Act. to approve whatsoever Gustavus their King shall think sit to 〈◊〉 for the preservation of his Dignity without being oblig'd to call a Meeting of the Estâ—â—es 〈◊〉 to make Petâ—e or War 23 24. they declare Gustavus's Enemiâ—s to be Eâ—â—mies 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 and Nation 24. Sweâ—ion its Commence is reâ—â—â—â—â— 2â— the alteration of â—eiigion in this Kingdom 8 c. T. Testament a Version of the New Testament set forth by Olaus Petri a Lutheran 59. a Translation of the New Testament made by the Clergy of Sweden 56. Trolle Archbishop of Upsal is troubled at the News of Gustavus's advancement to the Throne of Sweden 21. for what reason ib. he persuades Frederick the new King of Denmark that he had a Right to the Kingdom of Sweden 22. he crowns that Prince at Copenhagen as King of Sweden ib. he appears at the Head of the Troops which he had levied in Brandenburg under Christiern who had made a Descent in Norway 97. he causes Christiern's Manifesto's to be dispers'd throughout the Kingdom of Sweden 97. he retires to Lubeck 102. he makes a League with the Government of that City be is wounded and taken in a Battel and dies of his Wounds 201 c. Tureiohanson principal Secretary and grand Maâ—shal of Sweden is married to the Relict of the Administrator Steno 27. his good and bad Qualities ib. he is chosen by Gustavus to maintain his Pretensions to the Isle of Gothland in the Interview as Malmogen 38. he acts contrary to the Interest of the Crown of Sweden and why ib. he promises his protection to the Clergy 74. he makes a Speâ—ch in the Convention of the Estates at Westerâ—â— in behalf of the Clergy against the Interest and Designs of Gustavus 77. he is conducted bâ—â—k to his House with the sound of Trumpets and Drums 78. he exhorts Christiâ—râ—â— undertake an Expedition against Sweden 95. Christiern causes him to be off â—â—â—â—ated at Congel 100. U. Uspal The Conference of Upsal 54. Gustavus orders the Dâ—bates to be committed to Wâ—iâ—ing 55. â—lâ—us câ—ufes the Account to be printed 57. the Archbishop of Upsal obstinately mâ—intains his own Dignity and the 〈◊〉 his Church 67. Neither the Threats nor â—râ—mises of Gusâ—avâ—s are able to prevail upon him nor even any Persecution nor the Dammage which he sustain'd 〈◊〉 in his Estate or Person ib. Gustavus gets rid of him under colour of employing him in an honourable Embassy to Poland ib. be goes to Rome to imploâ—e the Pope's essistance 68. W. Westeras Gustavus calls a Meeting of the Estates at Westeras 71. upon what occasion ib. the Chancellor opens the Aâ—â—â—mbly 7â— the King by his Chancellâ—r demands that the Dâ—â—lâ—â—ations â—e had set serth against the Clergy and the Deâ—â—eâ— which the Senate made with reference to the Tithes might be consâ—â—â—'d 75. several Demands of the King against the Clergy 76. what pass'd in the Câ—nventâ—â—n between the secular Members and the Clergy 74 c. what was at lâ—st resolv'd and ordain'd by the Estates 83. a sâ—cond Convenâ—â—en of the Esâ—ates at Westâ—â—as 103. Gustavus procures the Right and Cusâ—om of the â—â—â—ction of Kings to be abolish'd and causes the Crown to be entaiâ—â— upon his Pesterity ib. c. Wisbi the Copital Town of the â—stâ— of Gothland besing'd by Gustavus's Forces 35. Frederick sends some Troops torâ—lieve it 37. FINIS