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A06346 A treatie of the churche conteining a true discourse, to knowe the true church by, and to discerne it from the Romish church, and all other false assemblies, or counterfet congregations / vvritten by M. Bertrande de Loque ... ; and faithfully translated out of French into English, by T.VV. Loque, Bertrand de.; T. W. 1581 (1581) STC 16812; ESTC S123131 175,246 422

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the corruption of the Churche see Isaiah 1. verse 21. to the 24. verse Isaiah Isaiah 3. ver 8.9 Isaiah 5.13 Isaiah 30. ver 9. to the 13. ver Isaiah 59. ver 2. vnto the 17. ver Isai 64. ver 6.7 Iere. 2. ver 5. Ieremiah to the end of the Chap. Iere. 3. ver 2.3.20 Iere. 4. ver 22. Ieremiah 5. ver 1. vnto the 15. ver and afterwards from the 19. ver to the end of the Chapter Iere. 6. ver 7. vnto the 11. ver Ieremiah 8. ver 4. vnto the 11. ver Ieremiah 9. ver 3. vnto the 17. ver Ieremiah 13. ver 10. vnto the 15. ver Ieremiah 22. euen vnto the end Ieremiah 16. ver 11.12 Ieremiah 18. ver 13. vnto the 18. ver Ezechiel 5. ver 6. vnto the 12. Ezechiel ver 22. ver 3. vnto the end of the Chapter Ezechiel 33. ver 24. vnto the 30. Deuteron ver Deuteronomie 32. ver 5.6.32.33 Touching the ingratitude and vnthankfulnesse of the Church see Isaiah 1. ver 2.5 Isaiah Isaiah 5. ver 47. Isaiah 43. ver 21. vnto the end of the chapter Isaiah 17. ver 10.11 Isaiah 63. ver 9.10 Ieremiah 2. ver 6.9.21.22 Ieremiah Ieremiah 12. ver 7. Ezechiel 16. ver 15. Ezechiel vnto the 24. ver Zechariah 11. ver 8. Zechariah vnto the end of the Chapter Deuteronomie 32. Deuteron ver 15.18.23 Hosea 12. ver 1.9 Hosea 13. Hosea ver 6. Malachie 1. ver 2.8 Touching the obstinacie and rebellion of the Church Isaiah see Isaiah 1. ver 5. vnto the 7. ver Isaiah 6. ver 9.10 Isaiah 8. ver 10.11.13.16 Isaiah 26. ver 10.11 Isaiah 28. ver 9.12.13 Isaiah 30. ver 9.15 Isaiah 42. ver 19.20 Isaiah 48. ver 4. Isaiah 65. ver 11. Ieremiah 2. Ieremiah ver 24.29 vnto the 33. ver Ieremiah 5. ve 3. vnto the 8. ver and ver 20. of the same Chap. vnto ver 25. Ieremiah 6. ver 10. in euerie verse almost vnto the end of the Chapter Ieremiah 7. ver 24. vnto the 28. ver Ieremiah 8. ver 4. vnto ver 8. Ieremiah 17. ver 1.23 Ieremiah 10. ver 11.15 Ieremiah 25. ver 4.8 Ieremiah 29. ver 17.20 Ieremiah 35. ver 13.16 Ieremiah 43. ver 2. Ieremiah 44. ver 7.10.11.16.20 Ezechiel 2. Ezechiel ver 3. vnto the end of the Chapter Ezechiel 3. ver 5.10.26.27 Ezechiel 4. ver 3. Hosea Ezechiel 12. ver 2. Hosea 4 throughout the whole Chapter Hosea 5. ver 4. Amos 4. Amos. ver 6. vnto the end of the Chapter Zephaniah 3. Zephaniah Zechariah Prouerbs ver 5. Zechariah 7. ver 11. vnto the end Prouerbs 1. ve 24. vnto the end Matth. 11. Matthew ver 16.17.21 and so vnto the 25. ver Matth. 12. ver 41.42 Matth. 23. ver 37. Touching the Pastors specially and particularly see Isaiah 56. ver 10.11 Ieremiah 6. ver 13. Ieremiah 14. ver 14. Ieremiah 23. ver 1.2 c. Ezechiel 22. ver 25.26.28 Ezechiel 34. ver 23.4 c. Hosea 9. ver 8. 1. Kings 22. ver 6. Iohn 7. ver 47. CHAP. XIII Whether the Church be aboue the holie scripture that is to say whether the holy scripture depend of the iudgement and authoritie of the Church THE Church indeede hath a very great authoritie among men in so much as it behooueth vs to heare the same if we will not be accounted rebels against God Yet notwithstanding seeing she is the wife and scholler of Iesus Christe shee ought alwayes to bee subiect vnto him as vnto her husband head and teacher And therfore this is an article which we must hold inuiolable and without breach to wit that the Church ought to depend and hang on Christ and his word and to haue her authoritie from the same word and not on the other side that the worde of Christ should depend and hang vpon the credite and authoritie therof from the Church Notwithstanding many are found which holde altogether the contrarie setting as we say the cart before the horses and plowe or waine before the oxen and vtterly ouerthrowing all order For they suppose that the holie scripture hath no more certaintie and authoritie than it pleaseth the Church that by her allowance and consent it shall haue And these be the Romish Catholikes who speake of the Church after this manner giuing it authoritie ouer aboue the word of God to make men to beleeue that what so euer it decreeth determineth and concludeth we must hold her iudgement sentence and resolution as a certaine oracle comming from heauen and to be short as an article of our beliefe And beholde their reasons for this The first reason The Church by her iudgement hath brought to passe that the holie scripture hath bene acknowledged for the true word of God and hath distinguished separated and sundered it from al all other writings what so euer which men haue published and brought into the world For who is it that in the beginning hath assured vs that the holie scripture is the word of God but the Church alone And who is it that euen to this day can certifie and assure vs that the same word of God is come safe sound and whole euen vnto our age but onely the same Church Wherefore it followeth that the authoritie and certaintie of the holie scripture dependeth vpon the authoritie and iudgemēt of the Church I aunswere two things or two manner of wayes First that this is a most wicked opinion to say that without the Church the word of God could not haue a sufficient witnesse to commend and set forth the authoritie and credite thereof vnto vs Let vs heare what Saint Augustine saith hereof Aug. de assumpt virg Mar● cap. 1. The authoritie of the trueth saith he is fruitfull and plentifull and if she be diligently examined men shall finde that of her selfe she maketh her selfe to be sufficiently knowne Alfonsus de Cast li. 1. ca. 8. cont haereses Wherefore Alfonsus de Castro hath sometimes saide seeing that the holie scripture is come foorth from GOD it hath of it selfe alreadie deserued that we should giue trust vnto it and beleeue it And when the Church publisheth this that it is giuen by God she doth wholie euen as a witnesse which beareth witnesse to some thing So that the trueth of the scriptures is certain not bicause of the witnesse but by reason of it selfe and the credite it hath and not bicause the church receiueth it and publisheth it but bicause that GOD hath giuen it and made the same manifest vnto vs. Besides is this a small matter that we haue the testimonie of the holie spirite dwelling in our hearts Ioh. 16.13 1. Ioh. 2 27. It is saide that it is his peculiar office to guide and leade vs into all trueth and to teach vs all things Wherevpon it followeth that he teacheth vs this trueth that the holie scripture is of God and from him 2. Cor. 2.12 It is saide moreouer that we haue receiued the spirite of God that we
his spirituall heauenly good things which he gyueth not but vnto his children alone the members of Iesus Christe his sonne and by consequent if wee woulde be saued and made blessed wee ought to hold and keepe our selues firme sure and well stayed in the Churche so that there bee no force of tyrants no violence of stormes and tempestes no persecution of enimies no promises no threatnings nor to be short any thing els which may turne vs away or cause vs to separate our selues from it But in the meane while wee see what controuersie and disputation there is at this day amongest men touching the point or matter of the Church that beeing true whiche Lactantius saith to wit That euery company of Heretikes supposeth Lact. de verae sapient ca. 10. that they are true Christians and their Churche is the Catholike Churche as wee knowe that Parmenianus the Donatist saide That there was not a Churche but amongest his sorte and companie insomuch that sundrie in this age suffer them selues too droppe away and bee deceiued by the feigned name and visardlyke title of the Churche abidyng hardened in their superstitions and blinded in their errours making no accounte August ad Catecuin cap. 20. of Saint Augustine his aduertisemente and counsell who speaketh thus This Catholike Churche is our true mother yea shee is our faithfull and chaste mother decked within with the dignitie and worthinesse of her husbande and not coloured or painted without with lying and falshoode and afterwardes hee addeth Let vs looke well to our selues that the strange and false name of the Churche turne vs not away from this mother of ours and that the outwarde shewe or borowed bare title of the Church doe not deceiue vs. There are some others who remaine astonished as it were and doubtfull not knowing to which parte to turne neither on which side to set themselues in order seeing the Romishe Church armed with great force and authority mainteined and vpholden by great personages clothed with diuers ornamēts outward apparrell and folowed of the greatest number On the otherside beholding the reformed Church feeble and weake in outward shewe made and standing for the most parte of the smalest and basest according to the worlde simple in deckinges and ceremonies and folowed of verie fewe people But the doctrine of the trueth which is our principall light and chiefe guide giueth vs a good remedie and aide in this difficultie shewing vs that the true Church ought to be discerned frō the false by her own right and true markes which are the pure preaching of the worde and the true and right vse of the Sacraments and not the great number of people nor pompes nor outwarde ceremonies inuented and deuised by men themselues You my Lorde haue sometimes seene what trouble combats the very visard bare name shining shew of the Romish Church hath brought to some mens consciences and spirites and that not onely amongest the rudest and ignorant sort but euen in the rancke and order of those which made profession and tooke vppon them to teache others yea so far it hath carried them that by reason there was not in them a full resolutenesse they knew not of what companie they shoulde bee Notwithstanding as touching your selfe after that God had honoured you with his knoweledge and called you into his Churche that you mighte bee comprehended within the sheepefolde of Iesus Christe his sonne hauing almost made open profession of his Gospell and cast away the beastes marke whatsoeuer shaking and staggering you perceiued in diuers others you notwithstanding haue alwayes continued through Gods grace grounding and setling your selfe vpon his assured and inuincible worde And in deede by what force and strength coulde the backe slydinges of some and the Sophisticall disputations of other some astonishe your faith or beate downe your constancie so well mainteined and vpholden by the holy Ghoste How coulde these assaultes cracke your courage or change and make colde your zeale so hotte in the seruice of God Certainely this is a great matter that all the worlde hath an eye vpon you wondring at and louing the great and singuler affection which you beare to the aduauncement of Gods true religion and seruice But the question is nowe to continue in well doing and to proceed dayly from good to better For this is nothing to beginne wel except a man perseuere and continue euen to the end And wee knowe what Iesus Christe saith to wit That hee which putteth his hande to the plough and looketh backe is not apt to the kingdome of God Luke 9.62 2. Tim. 2.5 And Saint Paule If any man saith hee striue for a maisterie he is not crowned except hee striue as hee ought to doe There are some which say that this is enough for a man to haue some testimonie in his conscience that hee belongeth to God albeit hee make not any declaration or profession of his religion But by the testimonies heere aboue marked and put downe it is easie for vs to gather what neede wee haue to range and bring our selues into the true Churche that wee may therein liue Christianlie in the seruice of God seeing that any where els there is neither life nor light And also what assurance can they haue of their saluation whiche liue in this world as dogs and swine folowing the traine and steppes of Sardanapalus or of Epicurus to eate and drinke to laugh and reioyce to play and to giue themselues to pleasure without thinking any whit at all of God or remembring any religion Wherefore my Lorde euen as you haue well and blessedly begunne hauing had right knowledge to discern betweene the true and false Churche so it yet resteth that you perseuer and continue yea that yet you proceede and passe some what further to range and bring into order all your house in the feare of God that it may be vnto him a holy and chaste Churche in the middest whereof hee may take pleasure to dwell that thereby hee may blesse you and make you to prosper You know with what ardencie and zeale the Prophet Haggai reprooued the Iewes of his time Haggai 1.4 lately returned out of Babylon because they builded many houses for themselues and did diligently seele and carue them but they had no regard to build vp the Lordes Temple Hag. 2.3.22 And wee muste note that the Prophete directeth not his speeche onely to the people and Priestes to mooue them to doe their duetie for the furtheraunce and setting vp of this building but also vnto Zerubbabel the gouernour of Iudah Which serueth well to declare that great Lordes and Magistrates as well as ministers and the reste of the people ought withal their might and power to imploy them selues for the edification and aduauncemente of the Churche of God Rom. 13.4 Psalm 82.1 And thereupon commeth it too passe that Saint Paule calleth Magistrates the Ministers and Seruauntes of God and that in another place
15. for he is a chosen vessel vnto me to beare my name before the Gentiles and Kinges and the children of Israel Which is a matter worthie to bee noated to the ende that we shoulde carefully looke vnto our selues that we take not vppon vs to iudge of any man rashlie and before the time CHAP. III. Of the visible Church and of the true markes thereof THe visible Church is the cōpanie of all those who by the preaching of the Gospell are called to be of Christs flock as indeed they are supposed to be amongest whome notwithstanding manie are not of the number of the elect as appeareth by the parable of the seede whereof Iesus Christ maketh mention in the 13. chapter of the Gospell according to S. Matthew and by that which he saith that all they which say vnto him Lorde Lord Math. 13.24 Matth. 7.21 Matt. 20.16 shal not enter into the kingdom of heauē Also that many are called but few are chosen Also by that Saint Paul saith Rom. 9.6 that all they which are of Israel are not therefore Israel And S. Iohn They went out from amongest vs Iohn 2.19 but they were not of vs for if they had beene of vs they would haue continued with vs. We haue an example hereof in Iudas as Iesus Christ himselfe witnesseth the same in Saint Ioh. Here then we haue to marke this Iohn 6.70.13.18 that the outward profession of Christan religion is not sufficient to saluation Furthermore this Church is knowen by her own proper marks which are two verie principall and substantiall The first is the pure preaching of the worde with a right and common consent thereto There was neuer yet any religion which was not vpholden maintained and pointed out by some doctrin So we se that the gentiles haue had their seruices hymnes songes praises vnto their Gods The Iewes haue the barke or huske of the lawe and their own Thalmude The Turkes haue the Alcoran of their Mahumet and the heretikes also boast thēselues of the doctrin of the Gospell and yet all these are false signes or markes But the true church hath for her first and principall marke the worde of God purely preached to the which the church consenteth conformeth hir selfe as we proue it plainely by these places of scripture Iohn 10.27 Iesus Christ saith My sheepe heare my voyce and I knowe them and they followe mee And Saint Paule in his Epistle to the Ephesians Ephe. 2.20 you are saith he builded vppon the foundation of the Apostles and Prophetes Iesus Christe himselfe being the cheife corner stone And indeede if this be true as of necessitie it must needes be that by the Scriptures wee are brought to the knowledge of Christ as Christ himselfe affirmeth Iohn 5.39 Search the Scriptures diligently for they are they which beare witnesse of me ought we not then by the same scriptures to be guided and leade to the knowledge of the true and right Church This matter the auncient fathers respected when they taught the the true Church ought to shewe and declare it selfe by the holy scriptures as Saint Augustine saying There is great disputation betweene vs and the Donatistes Contra pitilia cap. 2. to knowe where the Church is What is then that we haue to doe herein Shall we search it out in our owne wordes or rather in the wordes of our Lord Iesus Christe the head thereof verily we ought rather to seeke for it in the wordes of him that is trueth and knoweth very well his owne body For the Lord knoweth them that be his And againe 2. Tim. 2.19 Cont. Pitili cap. 3. Aug. epist 166. I will not shew or declare the Church by the doctrine of men but by the word of God Also by the scriptures saith he we haue learned Christ by the scriptures likewise we haue learned to knowe the Church We haue these scriptures common amongest vs wherefore then doe we not retaine and holde in them both Christ and his Church And Chrysostome saith Supr Matth. exposit 2. Homil. 49. cap. 24. He that will knowe which is the true Church of Christ by what meane can he knowe it in such and so great a confusion of outward shewe if it be not onely by the scriptures Lib. 2. de Iacob cap. 7. Saint Ambrose saith also The true and Catholike Church is there where GOD him selfe appeareth and speaketh to his seruantes by his owne worde The other marke of the Church is the lawfull administration of sacraments Cont. Faustū Manich. lib. 9. cap. 11. Saint Augustine hath sometimes saide that men can not vnite or knit them selues together in any religion what so euer be it true or false but by the meanes of some sacramentes or visible signes So the Gentiles had their sacraments and sacrifices The Iewes had Circumcision and some other outward signes of their religion But the true Church hath for the second of her markes her owne sacraments instituted by Iesus Christe the head thereof that is to say baptisme and the holie supper And therevnto must be referred that which Saint Augustine saith The Lorde hath vnited or knit together the newe people that is Ad inquisit Ianuar. ca. 1. the people vnder the newe Testament by the sacraments which are few in number easie in obseruation and very great in signification to wit by baptisme consecrated or administred in the name of the blessed Trinitie and by the communicating or partaking of his body and of his bloud Besides Saint Paule doth in like sort rightly teach vs this when he saith first of baptisme 1. Cor. 12.13 that we are all baptised by one spirit into one body and afterward of the supper we that are many 1. Cor. 10.17 are one breade and one body bicause we al are partakers of one and the selfe same breade meaning thereby that these two sacraments are in such sort the two common signes of the Church that by the same we are visibly gathered together into the house of God that we may there be accounted in the number of his housholde seruants and contained in the vnitie of the body of the Church withall the faithfull and by consequent drawne taken and separated from all other people prophane nations CHAP. IIII. Whether these true markes of the Church are to be found amongst the Romish Catholiks THese then are the two certaine and infallible markes of the true Church by which men must examine all assemblies that pretend the name and title of the Church least otherwise they be seduced and deceiued Wherfore if a man will knowe whether the true Church be among the Romish Catholikes or no we neede not haue recourse to any other proofe or touchstone then this onely But it shall behoue vs to holde and to keepe in memorie one foundation or sure ground to wit that these two markes must alwayes be retained and kept in their puritie without being any manner of way
falsified or corrupted that is to say that the preaching of the doctrine must be pure and the administration of the sacramentes sound and lawfull For indeede in outward shew they would make men beleeue that these two markes are to be found amongst the Romish Catholikes but when all shall be rightly and duely examined we shall finde that the true Church is not for all that on their side For as concerning the worde it is not preached by them rightly or purely but as S. Hilarie saith they make a sense vpon the scriptures and take it not out of the scripture and make it as were a leaden rule which men commonly call Regula Lesbia applying it to their owne intentes and purposes and not submitting their owne purposes to it Touching this matter it is needfull for vs to knowe that all exposition of holy scripture must be referred to two principal heads or ends that is to say that it tend to the glorie of God and that it be conformable or agreable to the analogie proportion of faith For touching the first Iesus Christ saith Ioh. 7.18 He that seeketh the glorie of God is true Now without doubt when the Romish Catholikes extol mans free wil ascribe vnto mā some merit for his works they snatch as it were by violence pull away frō God some part of the glorie which is due vnto him and so by consequent whē they serue them selues with certain peeces of the scriptures to proue that which they pretend they can not therein excuse them selues but that they corrupt and falsifie the scriptures declaring them selues hereby right heretikes indeede In epist ad Galat. For as S. Ierome saith Who so euer expoundeth the scripture otherwise then the sense meaning of the holy Ghost requireth although he haue not withdrawne or separated him self from the Church he ceaseth not for all that to be an heretike Secondly S. Paul declareth that he Rom. 12.6 who hath the gift of prophecie ought to prophecie that is to say expound the scriptures according to the proportion of faith Now if in this behalfe we would take heed to and marke the expositions which the Romish Catholikes make and bring foorth vpon the scripture we shall finde at the least for the greatest part that they alledge or bring nothing lesse than the right true sense therof not following the analogie proportion which is required namely when the question is to expound these wordes of Iesus Christ This is my body Matt. 26.26 For seeing that they tye Iesus Christ here belowe on the earth meaning also that he should be bodily in the sacrament and that neuerthelesse the articles of our faith which are taken and drawen out of the holie scripture Act. 3.21 do teach vs that Iesus Christ is aboue in heauen and that he must of necessitie in respect of his body be therin contained remaine there vntil the last day that he shal come to iudge the quicke and the dead it followeth well that in such an exposition they go farre astray and wander very much from the analogie proportion of faith As much also may we iustly say in that behalfe of many other articles which they haue corrupted Matt. 15.9 besides that very often they propound teach for doctrine mens traditions which are not only not drawne or taken from the word of God but which is more are altogether contrarie therto as cōcerning abstinence from meats forbidding of marriage inuocation of Saints praier for the dead adoration or worshipping of reliques and images many other such like matters And as concerning the sacramēts it is certaine that they are not lawfully administred by those men neither yet according to the forme and ordinance of Iesus Christ but they adde and ioyne to them in the ministration thereof infinite abuses superstitions do corrupt them through a certaine kinde of idolatrie which is detestable and full of vngodlinesse for that I may speak nothing of the fiue sacraments which they haue added of their owne let vs consider in what puritie baptisme and the holie supper is administred amongest them First is this a smal abuse to applie or minister baptisme to things without sense as to bells which was not ordained but for reasonable creatures Is this a sleight prophaning therof to ioyne to this sacrament oyle spittle salt and other such things as though it did not behoue vs to be content with that simplicitie wherein and wherewith Iesus Christ hath commaunded his Apostles to administer the same And touching the holie supper when they cause men to worship a morsell of breade for Iesus Christ when they denie to the people the signe of wine when the Priest eateth all by him selfe so that there is not any communion or partaking at all what is a corruption of the sacrament and an ouerthrowing of the ordinance of Iesus Christ if this be not Now seeing that these matters fall out thus we are to make this cōclusion to wit that seeing it must needs be that the word of God should be purely preached and expounded and the sacraments lawfully administred to the end that men may holde take them for right and certaine markes of the true Church that we are certaine and it manifestly appeareth that the contrarie be found amongest the Romish Catholikes it followeth verie well that these are not to be attributed to them although they would make men beleeue that these markes doe agree vnto them and their Church as well as vnto vs. But we wil dispute more largely in an other chapter of this matter to witte whether the Romish Church be the true Church or no CHAP. V. Of the succession and calling of Pastors BVT it may be that some wil demaund Is not the succession and ordinarie calling of Pastours a marke also of the true Church yea one of the principall markes I aunswere that the Romish Catholikes do affirme so indeed for this is that which they cōmōly obiect vnto vs to weaken our calling by being not able in the rest to find any thing to say or set against the doctrin whiche we preach vnlesse they intangle thēselues in infinite contradictions manifest absurdities But in the first place concerning succession I demaund what this is which they meane there I suppose that it is not such a succession as is from the father to the sonne as it hath beene heretofore in the line and race of Aaron as to say that he should be a priest that is the sonne of a preist for so they might ouermuch discouer and vnfold the vilanie of their high priestes but that they meane a continuall succession of Bishops and Pastors succeeding one an other euen from the time of Iesus Christ and his Apostles But where is this to be shewed that they haue founde that such a succession shoulde simplie bee necessarie and make a vocation or calling lawfull Doeth S. Paul Timoth. 4.1 c.
the first place had an excellent gift and singular grace to interprete the scripture 1. Cor. 11.4 also they were such as were indued 1. Cor. 14.1 c. with great wisdome and readinesse well to prouide for the necessitie of the Church and to speake properly they were as interpreters of the will of God In this ranke or order were comprehended the Prophetes that had the gift to vnderstand foresee reueale things to come Act. 11.28 such a one was Agabus who by the holie Ghost foretolde that a great famine should fall throughout all the world which also came to passe in the Emperour Claudius Caesars dayes also that Saint Paul should be bound at Ierusalem Act. 21.10 c. Act. 13.1 There is mention made also in the thirteenth of the Actes of certaine Prophetes of the Church of Antioch to wit Barnabas and Simion who was called Niger and Lucius of Cyrene and Manahen which had bene brought vp with Herode the Tetrarch and Saul And in the one and twentie Act. 21.9 mention is made of Phillips foure daughters which did prophecie These degrees or this office of Prophetes was ordained by GOD to indure but for a time onely as the Apostles Euangelists Euangelistes generally are those which performe the office of an Euangelist that is to say which preach the Gospell Sometimes also this name Euangelist is referred to those foure who haue written the storie of the Gospell that is to say S. Matthewe S. Marke S. Luke and S. Iohn But in this order of the Church the question is of an other charge or office These men of whome we speake were as it were fellowe helpers to the Apostles whome they did followe and were almost continually in cōpanie with And their office came somewhat nigh to the office of an Apostle the difference was onely in the degree of dignitie Of this sort were Silas Timothie and such like In the one and twentie of the Actes Philip is called an Euangelist Act. 21.8 And Saint Paule admonisheth Timothie in one of the Epistles which he wrote vnto him 2. Tim. 4.5 to continue to doe the worke of an Euangelist These likewise had their time and are no more in vse at this present Pastors are they Pastors that haue the charge of some certaine flockes and of some certaine Churches to rule and gouerne the same preaching the Gospell administring the sacramentes and exercising discipline in those Churches This degree and office must haue his course and continue in the Church euen vntill the end of the world Doctors Doctors are they which the Church in olde time called Catechisers that is to say instructors or teachers whose charge and office was plainely and simplie to expound the scriptures that men might haue the right sense and vnderstanding thereof and namely to teach the Catechumini that is to say those that were yet to be instructed in the pointes and principles of Christian religion Of this sort are the Doctors and teachers of our age which teach youth in schooles expounding vnto them the scripture And their office consisteth herein carefully to prouide that sound doctrine may be kept published to the end that pure religion may continue and remaine in the Church Some suppose that the office of Pastor Doctor is all one as Chrysostome and S. Augustine yet there is no dout but that they are two distinct offices which men may not confound and mingle together For albeit that this be the charge and office of al Pastors to teach yet they go somewhat further than the Doctors do For first and formost they preach and exhort applying the doctrine to the necessities of the Church next they administer the sacraments and in the third place they haue the charge gouernement and execution of the discipline to which matters the Doctors charge reacheth not they being only ordained to expound the scriptures to the end that pure and sound doctrine may alwaies be preserued maintained in the Church And indeed such a one may be verie apt to execute the office of the Doctor as hath not the gift to preach such a one on the other side may very well haue the gift to preach as shall not at any hand be meete or fit to exercise the charge and office of the Doctor although that sometimes he that shall be the Pastor may also well be the Doctor but yet this is to be marked that they are diuers and seuerall charges or offices And these be the fiue degrees or orders of ministers to whome the Lord hath cōmitted the gouernement of his Church to feede the same of which fiue the last two onely remaine to be alwayes vsed in his Church Saint Paule indeede maketh mention in other places of some other names Bishops and Elders or Auncients as of Bishops that is to say watchmen or ouerwatchers and of Elders that is to say Senators or Ancients but these two names signifie one and the selfe same thing as the Apostle him selfe declareth Titus 1.5 writing to Titus For marke what he saith For this cause left I thee in Creete that thou shouldest continue to redresse the things that remaine that thou shouldest ordaine Elders that is to say Auncients in euerie citie as I appointed thee And afterwardes he addeth an excellent description of true Elders and Auncients For a Bishop saith he must be vnblameable as the guider or steward of Gods owne house and so foorth We see that those whome he named Elders or Auncients in one verse he nameth the same Bishops in an other verse Nowe these two names of Bishop and Elder and the name also of Pastor are taken in the scripture to signifie one and the selfe same estate For the charge and office of the Pastor is to feede the sheepe as appeareth by that which the Lorde saith in the foure and thirtie chapter of Ezechiel Ezech. 34.2 Woe be to the sheepheards of Israel which feed themselues Should not the sheepheards feede the flockes But the Bishops and Elders are called to the same thing Act. 20.28 as both Saint Paule and Saint Peter doe declare Saint Paule speaking thus Take heede to your selues and to the whole flocke ouer which the holie Ghost hath made you Bishoppes or ouerseers to feede the Churche of GOD which he hath redeemed with his owne bloud And Saint Peter thus 1. Pet. 5.1.2 The Elders which are amongest you I beseech which am also an Elder with you Feede the flocke of Christ which is committed vnto you caring for it not by constraint c. If one would knowe the reason why the Pastours are called Elders or Auncients it is for honours sake not as though when in olde time they chose Pastours they were all auncient in age and yeares but bicause that they specially chose them from amongest the Auncients and also bicause they ought to be men both ripe wise and also verie well experienced Olde age
commonly hath more wisedome more experience and grauitie But yet it doth not alwayes fall out that white or grey haire maketh men wise yea sometimes we shall finde yong men which are farre more fit to exercise and execute the charge and office of a Pastour such a one was Timothie than those that be of greater yeares It is true that there are two sorts of Elders that is to say Ancients One sort haue charge and office to minister the worde of GOD and sacraments and to watch ouer the discipline and ouer the whole Church The other are ioyned vnto these to ayde them in the exercising and execution of discipline without medling any whit at all in the preaching c. Saint Paule setteth out this order when he saith to Timothie 1. Tim. 5.17 The Elders that rule well are worthie of double honour specially they which labour in the word and doctrine For in that he maketh mention of bearing rule he giueth vs well to vnderstand that those whome he nameth Elders or Auncients that is to say the Pastours and such as are ioyned vnto them are chosen to haue charge and office in the Church ouer the people And in that he more commendeth those which minister the word and doctrine than the other he euidently declareth that al haue not one and the selfe same charge We may behold this order euen at this day obserued in the reformed Churches Deacons The Apostle maketh mention likewise of Deacons which word is taken in holie scripture in two senses or sortes Somtimes generally for euerie minister or seruitour In which sense S. Paule calleth the Magistrate the Deacon of God that is to say Rom. 13.4 Ephe. 3.7 Rom. 15.8 the seruaunt or minister of GOD and hee nameth himselfe the Deacon that is to say the minister of the Gospell as also he calleth Iesus Christ the deacon of Circumcision that is to say the minister thereof Wherefore being so taken and referred to the estate calling of the pastor it is commonly translated and turned by this worde minister or seruaunt Coloss 1.7 1. Cor. 3.5 as in the first chapter of the Epistle to the Colossians and the third Chapter of the first Epistle to the Corinthians But sometimes it is taken more straitely for thē which haue a charge and office to gather the almes to dispense or bestow thē among the poore The first occasion that was giuē to chose these deacons in the Church was this because the Apostles could not verie wel prouide for our furnishe both the charge of preaching the worde and of distributing the goods of the poore And for this cause were the seuen Deacons chosen Actes 6.2 of whom is spoken Actes 6. And the conditions and qualities which ought to bee in the Deacons that men will chose are there described and set out and also in the third chapter of the first Epistle to Timothie 1. Tim. 3.8 c. These are the degrees of the Church or ecclesiastical orders which Iesus Christ him selfe sette vp and his Apostles after him established for the regiment and gouernment of the Church which order was afterwardes in the Popedome by litle and litle not onely corrupted but vtterly ouerthrown For in that tyrannous king dome after that corruption had once craftilie ouertaken or stolne vppon the doctrine of the Church they diuised and forged a stewardshippe dispensation and bestowing of ecclesiasticall offices and charges which was altogether farre of and estraunged from the former simplicitie plainenes whereof we haue spokē Wherin first they made a sacrament without the warrant of Gods worde of the orders and degrees of ministers Afterwards they diuised a certaine kinde of creame or oyle to anoint thē as they say but indeed it is to grease or smeare them fetching that though a false zeale from Aaron and that which was done in olde time vnder the lawe Also shauing or sheering specially of the crowne of the heade against the custome both of the Apostles and of the primitiue Church Actes 18.18 It is true indeed that S. Paul did once cause his heade to be shorne in Cenchrea after the manner of the Iewes but it was by reason of a vow which he had made and not that he was then ordeined into some ministery but a great while after his calling And in that hee caused himselfe to be shorne he did it not for any other purpose but to applie himselfe thereby to the Iewes who were as yet verie rude and not well instructed 1. Cor. 9.20 as hee himselfe protesteth in the Epistle to the Corinthians That of his owne accorde and willingly hee became vnder the Lawe although hee were deliuered therefrom to the end he might winne the Iewes Orders of the Romish Church Next they established or made seuen orders of the Church the first Porters or doore keepers the second Readers the thirde Exorcistes or in playne english Coniurers who as they faine had power giuen them to lay their handes vpon mad men and men possessed with diuels and to heale them the fourth Acoluthes that is to say followers who waited vpon the Bishop in his houshold seruices and did continually accompany him first for honours sake and then that no suspicion should arise of them the fifth Subdeacons or vnderdeacons the sixt Deacons and the seuenth Priestes of which last sort they haue made many degrees whereof they call some simple or single Chaplaines Others Curates and Vicars others Bishops others Archbishops or Metropolitanes other some Cardinalls And afterward they came to the foure Patriarches and lastly to the Pope himselfe But from whence commeth this goodly hierarchie or order of Priests who hath established it set it in nature or being Did Iesus Christ or his Apostles the scripture maketh no mentiō therof But let vs discourse a little vpon the fountaine and beginning of these goodly degres I say and meane onely of those which they conteine vnder the name Priest For the others keepe not the place of true Bishops and pastors of the Church as these would seeme to doe And yet notwithstanding hee that will heare speach thereof Theod. Beza lib. Confe Punct 7. cap 11. let him reade the confession of Theodorus Beza As concerning Chaplaines Durandus in his booke called Rationale diuinorum offic alleageth two reasons to shew why priests were so called The one is because the kings of France in time heretofore when they went to warre were wont to carrie with them Saint Martins capp or hoode which they kepte vnder a tent which of the cap kept in it was named Capella that is Chappel and the Clerkes or Priestes that had the keeping of this Chappel were called Chaplaines and afterwardes in continuance of time this name was in some countries giuen generally to all Priestes And these litle Cabbines or corners or rather high places which were in the Popishe Temples wherein the Chaplaines saide their masses were called Chappels The other reason
corne into the Lords barne Afterwards he expoundeth the saide similitude saying He that soweth the good seede is the sonne of man and the fielde is the world Matt. 13.37 c. the good seede are the children of the kingdome the tares are the children of the wicked and the enimie that soweth them is the diuell the haruest is the end of the world and the reapers be the angels As then saith he the tares are gathered and burned in the fire so shall it be in the end of the world The sonne of man shall send foorth his Angels and they shall gather out of his kingdome all things that offend and them which do iniquitie and shall cast them into a fornace of fire there shall be wayling gnashing of teeth Then shall the iust men shine as the sunne in the kingdome of their father In the second similitude he saith Matt. 13.47.48 That the kingdome of heauen is like vnto a drawe net cast into the sea that gathereth of all kinde of things which when it is full the fishers draw to land on the shoare and put the good by them selues into their vessels and cast the bad away And afterwardes he giueth the exposition thereof So shall it be saith he at the end of the world Matt. 13.49.50 The Angels shall goe foorth and seuer the wicked from amongest the iust and shall cast them into a fornace of fire where shall be wayling and gnashing of teeth By these two similitudes Iesus Christe verie plainely expresseth what shall be the visible state and condition of the Church so long as it shal be on earth that is to say that the wicked shal continually be mingled therein with the good and that in such sorte as the tares are amongest the good wheate in the fieldes and as euill fishes are mingled with the good in the sea whereof followeth that which we haue saide before in the third Chapter to wit that all they which are in the Church are not for al that of the Church And indeede experience hath in all ages shewed the same vnto vs and maketh vs to behold the same as yet euē euery day Cain was the first that defiled the Church of GOD Gene. 4.3 c. although he offered sacrifices in outward shewe as his iust brother Abel did Noah preached vnto those of his time and continuing his exercise a long season some thinke sixe score yeares hardly would his owne housholde beleeue his worde Gene. 7.1 c. so that GOD destroying all the worlde by the floud onely eight persons of the foresaide Noahs housholde were reserued by the meane of the Arke And euen yet of those eight persons with whom GOD had made a newe couenaunt touching the establishing againe of his Churche Ham Gene. 9.22 in his time verie manifestly declared his hypocrisie Matt. 27.3 c. Act. 1.16.17 c. Reue. 2 6. Amongest the twelue Apostles Iudas is found a traitor and vnfaithfull Amongest the seuen Deacons one Nicholas was an heretike at the least if that be true that this Nicholas was one of the seuen Deacons as Clemens Clemens strom lib. 3. Euseb hist eccles lib. 3. cap. 29. Alexandrinus and Eusebius certainely affirme it S. Iohn speaking of Antichristes wherewith the Church was in his time troubled and tormented saith 1. Ioh. 2.19 They went out from vs but they were not of vs for if they had bene of vs they would haue continued with vs. And what at this day Howe many hypocrites and great mungrell mastifes are found at this day in the outward Church and are suffered therein Certainely there are verie many which are acknowledged and allowed for members of the Church of whome GOD who beholdeth all mens heartes doth in the meane season iudge otherwise Wherefore the Church euen in this respect is not at any time in the world without wrinkle The fourth point which we must note here is that our sanctification is not performed or wrought all at one time but there are three degrees or steppes thereof to the end that it may be perfect The first degree is during this life when that our Lorde Iesus Christ giueth vs his holy spirite thereby to resist and withstande the world the diuell sinne and our owne flesh to the end that we may loue good thinges and hate euill Herevnto may be applyed that which Saint Paule speaketh of him selfe Rom. 7.22.23 c. writing vnto the Romanes in the seuenth Chapter verse 22.23 The second is after this life when the soule enioieth the presence of Iesus Christ giuing it selfe vnto all holinesse but our other part that is the bodie resting it selfe in the dust without being able to applie it selfe vnto any thing to sanctifie the name of God by The thirde shall be after the last iudgement when being perfectly ioyned with Iesus Christe our head we shall beholde God euen as he is who shall all in all and that after such manner and sorte as Saint Paule saith 1. Cor. 1.30 that Christe is made of God vnto vs wisedome righteousnesse sanctification and redemption Therefore when that our Lord Iesus Christ shall so worke in vs that there shal be no spot Philip. 3.21 1. Ioh. 3.2 but that our verie bodyes shal be fashioned like vnto his glorious bodye and we shall be like vnto him then truely shall our sanctification be accomplished and made perfect which nowe is but as it were begunne in vs. CHAP. XII Whether the Church may erre or no. THis question to wit whether the Church can erre hath bene diuers times tossed and handled for the opening vnfolding whereof we must first striue to knowe after what maner or in what sense the word Church is here to be taken I meane whether we must vnderstand this of the Catholike and vniuersall Church or else of the particular Churches But the controuersie is not in my iudgement of the Catholike Church for we all agree herein that she can not erre as touching faith And indeede howe should she erre seeing that following Iesus Christ her head and her husband she walketh not in darkenesse but in the light of life On the other side it is impossible that all faithfull people vniuersally euen from the first vnto the last should fall into errour for there haue bene alwayes some preserued through the goodnesse and grace of GOD by whome trueth it selfe through other mens naughtinesse brought as it were to nothing or at the least destituted and forsaken hath yet notwithstanding bene restored to her former force and is yet still maintained and preserued Wherefore this question is touching a particular Church Touching which it seemeth good vnto vs in the first place to heare the iudgement and reasons of the Romish Catholikes vpon this that they affirme that the Church so taken can not erre following herein the Nouatians Donatistes and other heretikes And afterwardes we will shewe foorth and put downe our aduise and reasons
might knowe the thinges that are giuen to vs of God 2. Cor. 2.14 Also that the things of the spirite of God are spiritually discerned that is to say by the efficacie mouing and working of the holie spirite Wherefore it followeth that the holie spirite teacheth vs and maketh vs to discerne betwene these bookes which we ought to receiue without gainesaying and the other which we ought to reiect and refuse Some perhaps will say that this article or point is daungerous bicause that heretikes oftentimes bragge that they haue the spirit of God which they haue not indeed and we knowe howe they haue alwayes indeuoured to make their doctrines of authoritie and credite through their inward reuelations which they haue imagined to proceed from the holie Ghost But we can easily aunswere this to wit that in this matter we can easily auoyde al daunger if we vse and followe the remedies which S. Iohn doth furnish vs withal when he saith that we ought not to beleeue euery spirite 1. Ioh. 4.1 but to trie and proue the spirites whether they are of God or no. And what shall be the meane and way of this triall and examination euen the word of God as we see that therby the men of Berea Act. 17.11 did proue S. Paule his spirit and doctrine And to this meane doth Chrysostome send vs when he saith thus Many boast of the spirit Chrysost de sanct adorand spiritu but they which bring any thing of their owne doe falsly pretend the same As Christ witnessed that he spake not of him selfe bicause that his doctrine was taken out of the lawe and Prophets in like manner if any vnder the title and name of the spirite shall bring vnto vs any thing which is not contained in the Gospell let vs not beleue it For as Christ is the accomplishment and fulfilling of the lawe and Prophetes so is the holie Ghost of the Gospell But how can we by this way or meane discerne and knowe the spirites that is to say whether the doctrine which they shall propound and set foorth vnto vs be from the holie Ghost or no After two sortes or by two meanes you shall knowe this First if it tend to this end to exalt establish and set vp the glorie of God Ioh. 7.18 For as Iesus Christe saith He that seeketh the glorie of God is true and no vnrighteousnesse is in him Secondly if it be conformable and agreeable Rom. 12.6 to the proportion of faith that is to say if it agree and accord well with the heads foundations of Christian religion whereof we haue spoken more largely heretofore in the fourth Chapter The second thing that I aunswere touching the foresaide reason of the Romish Catholikes is that the consequence thereof is not necessarie neither well grounded when they say that the Church yeldeth testimonie to the word of God and doth commend the same vnto vs that therefore the certaintie and authoritie of the worde of God dependeth vpon the authoritie iudgement of the Church For as we haue but a little while agoe alledged out of Alfonsus de Castro The word of God is certaine not by reason of the Church which beareth witnesse thereof but bicause of it selfe and his owne credite The Apostles yelded testimonie Ioh. 15.17 Act. 1.8 and bare witnesse of Iesus Christ And who is he that will therefore say that Iesus Christe his authoritie doth depend of the authoritie and iudgement of the Apostles The Goldsmith trieth the golde and putteth a difference betweene that which is good and pure and that which is naughtie mettall But doth he therefore by his triall and proofe make that the golde is either good or euill A parliament receiueth some edict or lawe which commeth from the King that it may be published and proclamed Inquirie is diligently made whether it come from the King or no Afterwardes all knowe that it commeth from the King what doth the parliament then It is true that it alloweth the edict that it acknowledgeth the same that it beareth witnesse to it and commendeth and setteth out the same yea and if neede be interpreteth it according to the Kings intent and meaning But doth the parliament for al this cause it or make it to be the Kings lawe Doth it giue authoritie to it Hath it any authoritie to chaunge any thing in it or to add any thing to it or to clippe or take any thing what so euer away from it It is certaine no. Euen so standeth the case with the Church For although it be an excellent testimonie to the word of God yet it can not at any hande giue it authoritie as to say that the certaintie of the word of God hangeth vpon the authoritie and iudgement of the Church For when the Church acknowledgeth and alloweth the word of God and doth put a difference betweene it the doctrines and inuētions of men she doth no other thing but heare the voice of her pastor Ioh. 10.5 discerneth knoweth it frō the voice of a stranger Nowe there is great difference betweene discerning the Pastors voice from astrangers and adding authoritie credit thereto bringing to passe and that according to trueth that it should be such or such that is either true or false The second reason is The Church is more auncient than the scriptures For in the time of Adam Abell Seth Noah Abraham Isaac Iaacob there was no scripture For Moses was the first penman or writer of matters concerning religion and yet notwithstanding there was a Church Wherfore it followeth that the authoritie of the church is aboue the authoritie of the holie scripture First and formost I aunswere that the consequence of this argument is none at all For graunt it that one thing be more auncient and olde than an other yet it followeth not for all that that it should be of greater authoritie and credite otherwise we must inferre that Moses hath more authoritie than Iesus Christe and the lawe more than the Gospell Secondly as touching the antecedent or former proposition I say that it is sophisticall captious and full of deceit For albeit that in these first times of the world there was no scripture which the father 's vsed yet for all that the word of God ceased not to be bicause it was written and ingrauen in the fathers hearts and moreouer sounded verie clearely in the Church which word was in good time brought and committed to writing first by Moses and afterwards by others and therevpon called the holie scripture wherefore seeing that the holie scripture and Gods word is nothing but one and the selfe same thing it followeth verie well that if our first fathers haue had the word of God they haue had also in substance the holie scriptures Aug. cont epist fundamen cap. 5. The third reason S. Augustine hath saide I would not beleeue the Gospell if the authoritie of the Catholike Church did not moue
authoritie of the Church The fourth reason Aug. cont Max. lib. 3. cap. 14. S. Saint Augustine openly declareth that the holie scripture is aboue the Councels and so by consequent aboue the Church represented by Councels For writing to Maximinus the Arrian touching the word Homousios that is to say consubstantiall or of the selfe same substance together with the father which word was confirmed by the Councel of Nice and on the other side disallowed by the Councel of Ariminum in the time of the Emperor Constantine he saith thus Nowe I haue not to vse or alledge the Councel of Nice neither thou the Councel of Ariminum to preuaile thereby one of vs against an other For as I am not bound to the Councel of Ariminum so art not thou bound to the Councel of Nice We haue the authoritie of the scriptures which are not partiall or particular witnesses for the one or for the other but are common witnesses to both of vs. Let vs therefore by them dispute and reason of the matter in controuersie betweene vs. CHAP. XIIII Of the Discipline of the Church NOWE we must speake of the Ecclesiasticall discipline in which notwithstanding we will be briefe and short bicause there is of this matter a verie large and sufficient treatie extant alreadie which may satisfie and content all good mindes and is intituled The confirmatiō of the Ecclesiasticall discipline The confirmation of the Ecclesiastical discipline obserued in the reformed Churches of the kingdome of France And also he that will read the Institution of M. Caluin Caluin li. 4. Inst Beza in confess fidei specially in his fourth booke and Theodorus Beza his confession shall finde there all that which may be saide touching this point or matter if so be it that he will content him selfe with reason Wherfore then we haue in this matter of the Ecclesiasticall discipline for this present time to consider of foure principall heads or points The first is Discipline is necessarie in the Church the discipline is most requisite most necessarie in the Church if we will not haue all thinges mingled and disordered therein yea full of confusion For euen as there is no citie nor towne nor house which can be without discipline or policie or some order for the gouernement thereof so the Church which is the citie house of God cannot at any hand be without his policie and spiritual gouernement And therefore Saint Cyprian hath sometimes called the discipline of the Church Cyprian de tract virgin The keeper of faith and the mistresse of vertue For if it shall be lawfull for euerie one to doe what they will without being helde backe by some bridle what confusion and disorder shall we see in the Church The same Doctor compareth also the discipline to the rudder or helme of a ship Cypr. lib. 2. epist 7. thereby to declare not onely how profitable the same is for vs but also howe necessarie and needfull For seeing that the Church is in this world as a ship vpon the sea that is to say subiect to the billowes waues and tempestes of tyrants and persecutors yea to windes and whirlewinds of false doctrine how could it be able to subsist and stand if together with the word of God it had not for the ordering and guiding therof her discipline to be as it were a rampart ground worke foundation and stay Wherefore those which either disallowe or despise this remedie which serueth to preserue the Church from dissipation or scattering abroad to keepe men in the obedience of God and to holde euerie one in his order and calling labour and indeuour no other thing what so euer they will pretend than to ouerthrowe the state of the Church and to bring into the same all beastly excesse and barbarous disorder and that they are to be esteemed in the number of them of whom is spoken in the fiftieth Psalme Psal 50.16.17 who giuing them selues to all iniquitie hating correction and discipline or to be reformed are reproued for this that they tooke vpon thē to speake of rehearse the ordinances of God to take his couenant and word in their mouthes The second head or point is The discipline doth not so much as set a foot into the Magistrates office that the Ecclesiasticall or Church discipline incrocheth not any thing at all vpon the magistrates charge and office For first the iurisdiction and gouernement of the Churche and the ciuill iurisdicton or gouernement differ greatly one of them from an other bicause that the one is spirituall and reacheth to the inward man and the other is bodily and outwarde Therefore Saint Paul said 2. Cor. 10.4 The weapons of our warfare are not carnal but mightie through God to cast downe holdes The Church then hath not prisons or sergeants or swords thereby bodily to punish euill doers neither vseth it force of handes confiscation or losse of goods or amercements to punish thē in their goods and riches but onely draweth out and occupieth Ephe. 6.17 the spirituall sword of Gods word to correct men and to bring them to amendment as the Magistrate draweth out and vseth his materiall sword to punish them either in their goods or in their bodyes And so both of them doe their duetie the one of them not bringing any preiudice or hurt to the other but contrariwise verie well ayding them selues betweene them selues and helping one an other and being most necessarie and needfull in their seuerall charges and offices the one not being able to do that which the other doth One example to make the matter plaine If some one haue committed whordome and so by that meanes and fault the ciuill lawes shall be transgressed broken and the Church also offended Nowe in reformed Courtes and places of lawe such a one shall be punished either by imprisonmēt or by whipping or by some other punishment and so the offender shall haue satisfied the Magistrates lawes but yet the offence shal not be repaired or reformed in the Church For it may be that such an euill doer will in steede of giuing or shewing some signe of repentaunce murmur be angrie and despitefully deale with the Church In such a case the Church before that it receiueth him to the holie supper shall require of him a publike testimonie and open token of this repentance and by consequent as the Magistrate shal haue his iustice satisfied and aunswered so shall the Church haue her discipline satisfied and aunswered In summe the Magistrate in the exercising and executing of his office respecteth mens goods and their bodyes but the Church in the exercise execution of her discipline regardeth simplie and onely the soules consciences of men Secondly so farre off is it that the discipline of the Church derogateth or taketh any thing at all away from the Magistrate that contrariwise she maintaineth the obedience that is due vnto him For if she tend to no other
A Treatie of the Churche conteining a true discourse to knowe the true Church by and to discerne it from the Romish Church and all other false assemblies or counterfet congregations Written by M. Bertrande de Loque of Dolphinee and dedicated vnto my Lord the Vicount of Turenne And faithfully translated out of French into English by T. W. Imprinted at London for Richard Langton dwelling in Swythins Lane and there they are to be solde 1581. The Summe of the Chapters conteined in this present Treatise TOuching the diuers significations and Chapter 1 takings of this worde Church and how the Churche is commonlye distinguished Pag. 1. Of the Catholik and vniuersal Church which Chapter 2 is one although there be diuers particulers thereof Pag. 7. Of the visible Church and of the true markes Chapter 3 thereof Pag. 14. Whether the true markes of the Church are Chapter 4 to be found amongest the Romish Catholikes Pag. 19. Of the calling succession of pastors Pag. 24. Chapter 5 That the Church hath alwaies been from the Chapter 6 beginning of the world is and shal be vnto the end thereof but yet the Church must not be regarded or acknowledged for the great numbers sake Pag. 55. That Iesus Christe alone is the head of the Chapter 7 Churche and not Saint Peter neither any Pope Pag. 68. Whether the Church of Rome be the true and Chapter 8 Catholike Church and whether wee doe well to withdraw and separate our selues from it Pag. 102 Chapter 9 Touching the degrees of Ministers in the Church where also speeche is had of the orders of the Popes Cleargie and of the office and dueties of true pastors Pag. 128. Chapter 10 Whether the ministery of the word be alwaies necessary in the Church and howe muche men may attribute or giue therto Pa. 160. Chapter 11 Of the sanctitie or holinesse of the Churche Page 184. Chapter 12 Whether the Church may erre Pag. 197. Chapter 13 Whether the Church be aboue the holy scripture that is to say whether the holy scripture depend on the iudgement and authoritie of the Church Pag. 213. Chapter 14 Of the Discipline of the Church Pag 234. Chapter 15 Whether it helong to the Churche to make lawes and if shee make some how far the faithful ought to obey her Pag. 258 Chapter 16 Concerning the afflictions and persecutions of the Church Pag. 274. ¶ To the most noble Lorde my Lorde Henry de la Tour Vicount of Turenne Countie of Monfort Baron of Mongacon Oliergues Bonsolz Fey Seruissac Croc c. Captaine of fiue hundred men at armes of the kings armies MY Lord Lactan. lib. 4. de vera sapient Cap. 30. Lactantius hath very properly and fitly called the Church the fountaine of trueth the house and dwelling place of faith the temple of God adioyning withall that if there bee any whiche entreth not into this Temple or if there be any that goe out therof hee is shut out from the hope of life and from eternall saluation For euen as in the time of the vniuersall flood none coulde bee saued which were out of Noe his Arke Genesis 7.20 23. so without the Churche there is neither hope nor faith nor grace nor saluation Whiche thing also the Apostle Saint Paule did verie well declare and meane when beeing purposed to excommunicate some and to caste them out of the Church 2. Cor. 5. 3.5 1. Tim. 1. 20 hee saide hee muste deliuer them vnto Satan For as Iesus Christe reigneth in the Churche so Satan reigneth without the same and as they which are in the Church hauing Iesus Christ for their head are in very good state blessed so they which are out of the Churche hauing the Diuell for thejr head cannot but be wicked and accursed And therfore it is said both in Isaiah in Ioel That in Sion and in Ierusalem there shal be saluation Isaiah 46.13 Ioel. 2.32 There being meant by Syon and Ierusalem the Church of God as also by the worde heauē there is meant the same thing in the Apocalips when S. Iohn saith I hearde a great lowd voice Reue. 12.10 saying Nowe is saluation in heauen On the other side wee reade that when God declareth that hee will vtterly roote out some from the heauenly life hee denounceth against them and threatneth Ezech. 13. 9 That they shal not be in the councell assemblie of his people neither written in the role of his seruants And Dauid very well knew and felt this when sometimes being in exile all griefes and aduersities were vnto him tollerable and as a man would say easie to beare excepting this that hee was depriued of and wanted the solemne assemblies wherein men made publike declaration and protestation of Gods religion and seruice Wherefore bewailing his condition because hee was excluded from the visible Churche hee being also shut out from accesse or comming to the Tabernacle by the crueltie and tyrannie of his enimies hee cried out earnestly and said Psalm 84.1.2.4.10 O Lord of hostes how amiable are thy Tabernacles My soule longeth yea fainteth for the Courts of the Lord for my heart and my fleshe leape for ioy in the liuing God And a little after Blessed are they which dwel in thy house they will euer praise thee For a day in thy courtes is better then a thowsand other where I had rather bee a doore keeper in the house of my God then to dwell in the Tabernacles of the wicked For thereby he hath declared that the conditiō of those men which bestowe their life yea although it were but a day long in the seruice of God in the middest of the Church and among faithful people is farre more blessed then theirs who lyue though it were neuer so long out of Gods house and in the midst of those out of whose companie their religion is banished To which purpose also belongeth that Psalm 27.4 which the same Prophete singeth an other Psalme One thing haue I desired of the Lorde that I will require euen that I may dwell in the house of Lorde all the dayes of my life to beholde the beautie of the Lorde and to visit his Temple Psal 106.45 And againe when hee saith Remember or haue mercie on mee O Lorde with the fauour and good will of the people and visite mee with thy saluation That I may see the good things of thy chosen ones reioyce in the ioy of thy people and glory with thine inheritance And for this very cause and occasion Heb. 11.24.25 the Apostle to the Hebrewes commendeth and praiseth Moses when he saith That by faith hee beeing com to age refused to bee called the sonne of Pharaoh his daughter chosing rather to suffer aduersitie with the people of GOD then to inioy the pleasures of sinne for a short season Wherefore if wee woulde that GOD shoulde gouerne vs by his holy spirite to the ende to make vs inioy and possesse
that must rule and guide others that must bee guided and gouerned In man there are two thinges the soule which gouerneth by reason the body which submitteth it selfe and obeyeth otherwise if in an armie all were souldiers or all Captaines what hope were there of victorie and good successe If in a ship all shoulde bee alike all marriners who shoulde stande at the Helme who shoulde guide the compasse If in a Citie all were equall who shoulde make decrees prescribe lawes and execute the same If the whole bodie were a head what disorder Or if the members were without a head what confusion The learned therefore send vs to learne order to the heauens to the earth to the angels amongst whom there are degrees Angels Archangels vertues potestates principatus dominationes throni Cherubin Seraphin to the Sun to the moone to the stars which in glory brightnes excell one another To the Bees which haue their graūd captaines at whose buzzing they go forth they follow cluster together to the trees wher you see of a great stocke many braunches arise and spring Our naturall appetite and affection acknowledgeth the gouernmēt of reason vnderstāds And so in the Church of God ther hath been alwayes gouernours and they gouerned chiefly and souerainly as in the ciuill estate Seth Enos Sem ruled the Church in their time the Church acknowledged obeyed their gouernment The best writers affirme that the first borne had the rule of the whole familie Noah alone ruled in making and ordering the Arke in which there were cleane and vncleane beastes tame and sauage of all kindes to signifie the church gathered together of both Iewes Gentiles and gouerned by Iesus Christ only as by a second Noah The Church vnder the lawe had diuersitie of orders as may appeare in sundry places In the third of Numbers where the Tribes are mustered the three families of the Gersonites Kohathites Merarites had their Prince or head which they called Nescha In the first of Kings the 4. Azaria is called the Prince of the Leuites Obadiah that worthie Counceller meeting with olde Heli disdaineth not to call him lord Gregorie Nazianzen writeth to Gregory Nissien which supposed him to be angry because they had ordeined one without his consent saide 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Let no mā bely vs nor any of my lords the brethrē Good Gregorie an humble and simple man weighed not titles nor cared for any worldly honour but was carefull that order should bee prescribed in the Church and that one should goe before an other in honour S. Iames saith Be not yee many masters And Chrysostom saith that equalitie of dignitie and place bringeth forth schisme Likewise Ierome writing to Euagrius saith that from Marke to Dionisius and Heraclas there was one alwayes set in higher place of dignitie aboue the rest and this he saith was to auoid schismes which seeing they lacke skill and be in the Church and shal be to the end sith the disease remaineth still what great folly is it to condemne or refuse the remedie In the Counsell called Gangrensse the holie fathers assembled there writing to the Bishops of Armenia vse these wordes Honoratissimis dominis To our most honourable Lordes The late writers most of them allow and affirme a primacie of order though not in degree of ministration M. Caluin writing vpon the 2. Cor. 10. Etsi omne commune sit c. Although one and the same office be common to all yet be there degrees of honor And the same Authour writing vpon these wordes out of the 2. to the Philipp Sicut patri filius ita mihi Timotheus seruiuit in Euāgelio As a father his sonne so hath Timothie serued mee in the Gospell Wee learne saith hee in this place that no such equalitie was amōg the Ministers but one did rule and gouerne the rest by counsell and authoritie Againe in his 4. booke 8. Chapter sect 54. He saith that euerie prouince had among their Bishops an Archb. and that the Councell of Nice did appointe 4. Patriarches which shoulde be in order and dignitie aboue Archb. it was for the preseruation of discipline Wherefore it is apparant by testimonies of holie scripture by light of reason and by practise of the Church by the necessitie of the thing that distinctiō of degrees superioritie is necessarie in the church as without the which law would soone grow to libertie faith wold soone be deuided the coat of christ Iesu which is his church rent and torne in sunder so many fancies so many faithes would follow Nowe whereas many make much adoe about the titles of Bishops Metropolitans Archb. and the scripture is still alledged as an aduersarie in this quarell containing expresly no such names Thus may they make our Sauiour Christ inferiour to his father concerning his diuinitie because the title 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is no where literally expressed although the same by sūdrie places may be well and iustly gathered Therefore to conclude to them that list to be contentious Vbi de re constat puerile est de verbolitigare And to the discreete Reader that hee peruse this booke to profite his conscience and not to please his affection Seeke peace and the God of peace shall blesse you increase his grace amongst you to the terrour of your enemies and comfort of your soules Amen A TREATIE OF the Church containing a true discourse in which a man may clearely behold and see what is the nature forme gouernement and guiding of the true Church together vvith the infallible markes and tokens by vvhich a man may knowe it and discerne the same from the Romish Church and all other false and counterfeited congregations CAP. I. Of the diuers significations and acceptions of this word CHVRCH and how the Church is commonly distinguished MEN are accustomed to say that euery worde which may be taken in many senses and in diuers significatiōs shuld rather be distinguished then defined For a man can not otherwise rightly declare the nature vertue and disposition of any thing vnlesse he be first resolued of the sense and meaning in which it ought to be taken For as much therfore as this word Church is of that sort being a Greeke word which signifieth an assemblie or congregation is taken or deriued from a word which in that tongue signifieth to call or to cause to come it is meete and necessarie that before we giue the definition thereof we declare after howe many sortes men vse to take it 1 Nowe men sometimes take it for a companie or assemblie of wicked persons as Psalme 22.16 Psal 22.16 The Church or the Synagogue of the wicked haue inclosed me and in Psalme 26.5 Psal 26.5 I haue hated the Churche of the wicked that is to say the companie For there is in the Hebrue text two words which the Greekes haue turned Synagogue and Church which doe signifie as much as a companie troupe
Titus 1.7 c. describing what qualities and conditions ought to bee alwayes in those which shoulde be chosen for pastours of the Church make any mētion at all of this succession No indeede And yet notwithstanding it had beene verie fit yea necessarie if the succession whereof we speake had beene wholie required in a Bishop or Pastor to make his vocation sure certaine and lawfull But that we may not speak confusedly of this point we must distinguish betwene the succession of persons or that which is of the chaire and place and betweene the succession of doctrine and office As concerning the succession of doctrin we say that it is altogether on our side no whit at all on the Romishe Catholikes side for we make profession to teach the pure worde of God alone following therin the Prophetes and Apostles whereas they of the Romish Church staying them selues vpon their inuentions teach for doctrine Matt. 15.9 the traditions and commaundementes of men which thing Iesus Christ expresly forbiddeth And as touching that succession which concerneth the execution of the office or of all the chardge and dutie of Pastours which consisteth in preaching the gospel purely in administring the sacramentes lawfullie in caring for the poore in visiting the sicke in redressing offences in exhorting comforting teaching reprouing and such like exercises trueth it selfe and experience doe sufficiently shewe who do indeede and verilie succeede the Apostles therein whether the priestes of the Romish Church or we Lib. 19. cap. 19. de Ciuitat Dei Saint Augustine hath sometimes saide That the name of a Bishop is a name of charge or burthen and not of honour that he indeed is a Bishop which desireth to profit his flocke in teaching them and not simplie to beare rule ouer the same Aug. cont Cresco Grāmat lib. 2. cap. 11. Also in an other place We are not Bishops of our selues but for them to whō we administer the word Sacraments Now here I speake vnto all Cardinalls Bishops Abbots Priors Curates and other priestes together with their Pope himselfe and will them to examine and iudge themselues in their owne conferences and see whether they can with good right boast themselues to bee the Apostles successors in sound doctrine and in faithfull execution of their charge and office and to marke how they obserue these canons which they attribute to the Apostles whereof the fiftie eight canon Can. Apost can 58. excommunicateth the Bishoppes and Elders who haue not anie care either of their cleargie or of the people the charge of whome is cōmitted vnto them and which doe not teach them in the doctrine of true religion which canon also ordeineth that if such continue in their negligence and carelesnesse they shoulde be deposed There resteth the succession of persons or that which is of the Church or place touching which first we say that the auncient doctours did not alwayes aide themselues with this argument when they were to fight with heretikes for hauing to deale with such as did receiue and allowe the worde of God as well as themselues the dispute and matter in controuersie betwen them being onely in the true interpretation thereof they contented themselues to alledge scripture expounding places one by an other euen as Saint Augustine saith That that which is darke in one August is cleare and manifest in an other But when they were to reason against them that would add to the holy scriptures as Manichaeus who woulde that men shoulde receiue his Epistle which hee called fundamentable euen as it were the Gospell it selfe there and in that respect they serued their turne with the argument of succession And yet when they vsed it it was not either their onely or their principall defence For in the first place they shewed by the worde of God that they were in error and afterwardes added as a good bulwark or meane of resistaunce the consent of the Church witnessed by a continuall succession of all ages and times Also they helped themselues therewith as with a verie likely or probable argument and good inough in the defence of trueth against errour but yet not so as though it had a like force and strength for the maintenance of error against trueth it selfe Lastly when they demaunded of heretikes from whence they came from whome they descended who were their predecessours c. they meant not to speake of their vocation or calling which they neuer called into doubte or question for the greatest number of them were Bishoppes as Nestorius was Bishop of Constantinople Samosatenus of Antioche all lawfully called and hauing right and authoritie to teach in the Church but they meant to speak of their doctrine whiche was newe and not hearde of before Wherfore when they alledged or layd succession for them selues they did not so much meane the occupying of the chaire or enioying of the place as the continuance conformitie and agreement of the doctrine whereas on the otherside our aduersaries do not demaund of vs who were the authours of our doctrine but inquire of vs touching our vocation and calling and are contented with this to declare that their Bishoppes are descended from al antiquitie but not their doctrine and yet notwithstanding they deceiue them selues For neither in the primitiue Church neyther long time after such Bishoppes as be nowe in the popedome had any place so that a man may safely say they are not descended from the Apostles nor from the true successors To conclude we say that it is verie certaine that such a succession of the pastors in the primitiue Church was of greate weighte and importance because the pastors at that time had not onely the name and title of pastors but did withall faythfully exercise the Charge and office thereof But what is at this day the dutie of Bishops and priests of the Church of Rome Let the most sounde iudge thereof Is the controuersie in the Church touching succession to some inheritaunce to haue the possession and enioying thereof No but rather for men to set their hands to worke and labour as the Apostles haue done to watch diligently ouer Christes flocke and to minister vnto it the foode which is necessarie and meete for it As S. Paul saith If any man desire the office of a Bishop 1. Tim. 3.1 he desireth a good or excellent worke And againe speaking vnto Bishops Act. 20.28 Take heede to your selues saith he and to the whole flock whereof the holy Ghost hath made you Bishoppes or ouerseers to feede the Church of God And S. Peter The Elders 1. Pet. 5.12 which are among you I beseech which am also an elder with them feede the flocke of Christ which is committed vnto you caring for it not by consent c. The succession then of the Chaire or place is nothing without the succession of doctrine dutie Cyprian lib. 1. epl 4. For if the Bishoppe be deade as saith S. Cyprian when no
which are two very essentiall points and commanded by gods lawe with which none in the world may dispense there cōmeth in the third place the imposition or laying on of hands whiche is a ceremonie by which the ministers that were lawfully chosen were offered dedicated as it were to the seruice of God and the Church But let vs nowe examine the Romish priestes vocations first I aske whether the election which is made amongst them be deferred and put ouer to the postours and the Churche yea or no Euerie man seeth what place and authoritie they giue to their resignations as they call them to their permutations collations presentations donations c. and also howe the Magistrates and greate men giue Bishopprickes Abbotshippes personages vicarages and other benefites as it pleaseth them selues If the pastours or to speak more rightly they that vsurpe the place of true pastours indede meddle in the election then it appertayneth to the Pope alone to choose the Cardinalles the Bishoppes and Archbishoppes and to giue the greatest and the fattest benefices And it belongeth to the Bishoppes to choose the simple or fingle priestes and to bestowe or giue the other inferiour and lesse benefices And where is then the holy consent and agreement amongest the Pastours which is of necessitie required in the election Secondarilie is the people called to it or is the people aduertised or forewarned to bring thither and giue their aduise and consent thereto Euerie one knoweth that this is not performed Thirdly as concerning them whome they choose what serious or earnest examination make they either of their manners or of their doctrine Sometimes they chose infantes and children at no hande fit or meet to exercise the least charge of the Church whatsouer it be Sometimes they chose men altogether ignorant and verie often also of wicked life this they doe through fauour mony robberies spoiles factions and other lewde and naughtie practises ouerthrowing all order and subuerting all good pollicie and discipline And yet notwithstanding the Canons which they attribute to the Apostles ordeyne and determine Can. Apost Can. 29. 30. that euerie bishop Elder or Deacon that shall haue obteined his office by monie or giftes or by the fauour of the princes and potentates of this worlde shoulde not onely be deposed frō their estates and offices but also excommunicated and cast out of the Church and that not onely they themselues but also they which shal admit and receiue thē into such charges and which shall shewe them fauour and shall communicate with them Nowe let men marke howe these Canons are at this day obserued and practised in the Romish Church and by consequent howe right and lawfull the vocation is of the Bishoppes and priestes of that Church It is true that they vse indeed the imposition or laying on of hands but euerie one knoweth with howe many trifling toyes and supperstitions it is accompanied And indeede this is the onely poynt whereof they can vaunt themselues which is not so necessarie but that we may verie wel ouerpasse or litle regard it as hauing no expresse commaundement touching the vse thereof For touching the two substantiall pointes they wante them wholy Titus 2.7 contrarie to the ordinaunce of Saint Paul Titus 2.7 But touching our vocation it is an easie matter for euerie one to iudge whether it be true and lawefull euen by the proceeding which they that chose vs keepe hold in the right examination diligent inquirie that they make as well of our doctrine sufficiencie meane and manner of teaching as of our life manners and conuersation also by the allowance and manifest consent of the people who do receiue vs after that they haue a certayne space hearde and tryed vs. For wee holde and teach that none ought of himselfe to teach and haue charge in the Church vnlesse he be lawfully called therevnto It apperteineth to the Lorde of the haruest Matt. 9.38 to send foorth workemen into his haruest And S. Paul touching this matter asketh Howe shall they preach except they be sent Rom. 10.15 And therefore in the Prophet Ieremiah they are taxed and reproued as false Prophets Iere. 14.14.23.21 which did runne not being sent And Iesus Christ saith also Iohn 10.1 That they which enter not in by the dore into the sheepefolde but climb vp some other way are theeues and robbers But perhappes the Romish Catholikes will not so much examine our calling as that of the firste reformers and restorers of our Churches and will demaunde of vs from whome it is that they receiued imposition of handes and finding in their owne indgemēt as they suppose that they had not any certaine vocation therevpon they woulde inferre that then they could not chuse cal vs to our charges so by consequent our vocation shoulde be none at all wherevnto we answere two things The first is that we ought to exercise our calling according to the visible state of the Church which is either altogether or else abiding safe and sound If then the state of the Church abide in her puritie whiche is then when pure doctrine is kepte therein and the lawfull administration of sacramentes with the right vse of the discipline we say that an ordinarie calling that is to say the way and manner of chosing pastors prescribed by the worde of God according to which we haue beene called placed in our charg ought to be obserued followed But if the state of the Church be altogether corrupted we say that then an extraordinarie vocation hath place euen accoding as it shall please God to raise vp his seruauntes and to employe them to reforme the Church and to bring it to her olde puritie For God is alwayes not boūd to ordinarie meanes which he vseth notwithstanding whēn it seemeth so good vnto himself And this was practised in former time euē then whē the ten tribes of Israel were altogether become bastards and corrupted through their idolatries For God did extraordinarily stirre vp 1. King 18.19 vnto them Elijah to reforme them and to indeuor to bring them into good order touching his seruice yea I say Elijah who was not a priest and had not in that respect any succession So likewise we holde and affirme that God hath dealt in our time in the choise and sending of some of our ministers who were inspired and stirred vp by GOD to streatch out the hande vnto the Church which in respect of the outwarde and visible state was wholy almost beaten downe and ouerthrowen And these men neither could nor ought to looke to be sent from or to be approued by the pope his people whose intollerable abuses and false doctrines they had in charge to reproue no more then they that woulde take vppon them to reforme a companie of Women who had openly fallen to whordom fornication c. ought to wait to be stirred vp or required therevnto either by altogether or
doctrine of saluation confirming his Gospell by excellent miracles and authenticall signes worthie of credite by which he did euidently shewe vnto them that he was the verie Messias promised in the lawe and the true and onely redeemer of the worlde but howe did these miserable people gouerne and behaue them selues in that behalfe Their obstinacie and rebellion was so great that they were not onely content desperatly to reiect and throwe from them the doctrine of the holie Gospell slaundering it and accusing it of falsehood but which is worse they killed and cruelly murdered the onely sonne of GOD and outragiously persecuted the Apostles as before that they had put to death also euen their owne Prophets and other Christians Who is he then which will affirme that these wicked people did not through their rebellion and pride iustly deserue to be deliuered and giuen ouer for a pray vnto Sathan and to be deceiued through the subtilties and craftes of his false doctrine The same is fallen out in our time and continueth yet euen euery day For there are diuers which are in such sort blinded before hand possessed with the darknesses of the prince of this world that they doe not onely despise all true religion and doctrine but also they inforce and straine them selues to bring into credite and estimation all the dreames dotages raylings and false opinions of Antichrist and his instrumentes in so much that for to attaine thereto they cease not to make warre vpon the poore faithfull people desiring with a burning affection the sheading of their bloud Who is he then which dare say that such people are not verie worthie and meete to be deliuered vnto Sathan that they may be so made drunken with the deadly poison of his false doctrine as they may neuer after be able to taste or smel the sweetnes pleasantnes of the word of God To be short then in that the diuell hath so great a sway in the world it is a very manifest signe or as a man would say a banner displayed of the iust vengeance of GOD and of his horrible and fearefull furie vpon all those who reiect and persecute the Gospell of his sonne For the vngodly perseuering in their vnbeliefe deserue to be couered and clothed with so great abhomination seeing that the trueth of GOD can finde no place amongst them CHAP. VII That Iesus Christ alone is the head of his Church and not Saint Peter neither any Pope what so euer EXperience teacheth vs what euill it bringeth vs when we turne aside from the worde of God be it neuer so little In olde time all the Pastors of the Church were commonly called Elders Auncients Bishops and they were all brethren and fellowes equall also and of like authoritie in their ministeries And this continued vntill such time as he that was chosen in the assemblies of the Pastours there for the time to be president and to gather the voyces came at the last to be especially and as it were only named a Bishop Hence the diuell beganne to frame and spinne as it were the tyrannie of Antichrist in the Church euen such as we beholde it at this day so that the man of sinne 2. Thes 2.3.4 and sonne of destruction reuealed is set downe in the temple of God as God shewing him selfe as though he were God For from Bishops they came to Metropolitanes who also are called Archbishops that vnder goodly shew and great pretence For these Metropolitanes were not but as it were Presidents or rulers to set the other in order and to call them together when it was needfull to haue some Synode for the affaires and businesses of the Churches of the Prouince and in good order and without confusion to redresse and guide matters in the assemblies made From Metropolitanes they leaped to foure Patriarches as though the whole Christian common wealth ought to be diuided into foure partes and be ruled and gouerned by foure Prelates These Patriarches were one of Antioch who bare rule ouer Syria one of Alexandria who gouerned Egypt Ethiopia one of Constantinople bearing rule ouer Asia Grecia and Illyricum and one of Rome ruling all the West that is to say Italie France Spaine Germanie Herevpon afterwardes there arose contentions and stirres betwene these foure Patriarches touching their iurisdiction and primacie in so much that they in such sorte set them selues one of them against an other with the hurt and losse indeede of the poore Church that at the last two to wit that of Antioche and that of Alexandria gaue place and yelded their roomes to the other two that is Constantinople and Rome the controuersie betweene which endureth as yet euen vnto this day For it is not yet well determined nor made plaine which of these two ought to be head and vniuersall Bishop In some sorte to quiet them and to make them contented and to keepe them selues within their owne boundes men haue limitted their charges thus the Patriarch of Constantinople to beare rule ouer all the Churches of the East and the Patriarch of Rome to beare rule ouer all the Churches of the West Wherefore the la●ter of these two is he whom the Romish Catholikes make them selues to beleeue that he is the head of the vniuersall Church as being the Vicar of Iesus Christe on earth and the lawfull or right successour of Saint Peter But we haue here two pointes to examine and sift the one touching Saint Peter The other touching the Pope who saith that he is his successour Concerning the first we shall not finde in all the scriptures that S. Peter was ordained at any time to be head of the whole Church and to beare rule ouer it neither that he him self did at any time either pretend or vsurpe such a iurisdiction and primacie bicause it did not at any hand belong vnto him but vnto Iesus Christ alone as we hope to proue and manifestly to shewe it by the reasons following The first reason is this Iesus Christ alone is called the head of the Churche Ephesians 1. verse 22. Ephesians 5. verse 23. Ephes 1.22 Ephes 5.23 Saint Peter then is not otherwise the Churche should be a bodye with two heads If they wil replie and say that Iesus Christ indeede is the onely head of the Church bicause that he alone reigneth ouer it and that by his owne onely authoritie yet that this nothing hindreth but that there may be an other head ministeriall as they call it that is to say one in respect of the execution of the charge and office vnder him who should be his great Vicar and liuetenant generall for to gouerne the Church I will demaund of them to shewe me when and howe this ministeriall head was ordained by Iesus Christ for if Iesus Christ be God liuing for euer Rom. 9.5 what neede hath he of a successour If we haue all his will in writing Ioh. 15.15 Act. 20.27 Matt. 18.18.28.20 and if he
be alwayes present in the middest of his Church to rule and gouerne the same what hath he to doe for a Vicar or Lieuetenant And as concerning charges and offices we know what executors he hath established and left S. Paul in the Epistle to the Ephesians affirmeth Ephes 4.11 c. that Iesus Christ being ascended into heauen hath giuen some Apostles some Prophets some Euangelistes some Pastors some teachers to whome he hath giuen in charge and committed his Church to order and guide the same This is not spoken onely for two or three or for some other small number neither yet for one age but for all the Pastours of the Church generally and for all times Nowe you may see what lieutenantes Iesus Christe hath substituted in his place but that he shoulde giue vnto Peter a primacie to bee Pope and heade of the Church is a meere leasing The seconde reason is this Iesus Christ onely is the foundation of the Church 1. 1. Cor. 3.11 Corinth 3.11 Wherevpon it followeth that the Church is founded vppon Iesus Christ and at no hande vpon Saint Peter and by consequent that Iesus Christ alone is the heade of the Church and not Saint Peter Touching that which Iesus Christ speake vnto Peter Thou art Peter Matt. 16.18 and vpon this rocke I will builde my Church we wil anon declare the true and naturall sense thereof The thirde reason S. Peters charge office was limited and set within certaine bondes For S. Paul witnesseth of himselfe and Peter thus Galat. 2.7 That he was the Apostle of the Gentiles and Saint Peter of the Iewes And saith that this diuision was made by the reuelation and ordinaunce of GOD. It followeth then that Saint Peter was not an vniuersall Apostle nor a soueraigne high bishoppe ouer all the Church Otherwise Saint Paul shoulde haue done ill in so limiting hedging in as it were the the charge and office of his Apostleship yea and that eighteene yeares after the death of Iesus Christ But I would wish the Romishe Catholikes to take some better viewe of and heede to this reason For if their Pope snatch and take vnto himselfe the primacie for this reason because hee is Saint Peters successors he must then exercise his primacie or popedome ouer the Iewes and preach vnto them the Gospell that hee may gaine them and drawe them to Iesus Christ leauing vnto him whosoeuer he bee that will take vppon him to be called the successor of Saint Paul primacie ouer the Gentiles The fourth reason One wife hath but onely one husband which is her head But the Church is the spouse of Christ 2. Cor. 11.2 Ephe. 5.22 Reue. 21.9 2. Cor. 11.2 Ephesians 5.22 Reuelat 21.9 The Church then hath none other but Christ alone for her husbande and head The fifth reason It is certaine that Saint Peter vsed the power and authoritie which Iesus Christe gaue him for otherwise hee shoulde haue neglected his charge and hidden his talent in the ground and so by consequent haue disobeyed his Master not seruing him purely and faithfully But so it is hee neuer vsurped any primacie ouer the other Apostles or ouer the Church for hee maketh himselfe equal to the other pastors 1. Peter 5.1.21 c. naming himself a pastor and an Elder with them and hee hath saide also that it is not lawefull at anie hande for anie man to haue Lordship ouer the Lordes inheritaunces Then it followeth that hee receiued not anie primacie or Lordshippe from Iesus Christ ouer the Church of God The sixth reason Act. 8.14 Saint Peter was sent together with Iohn into Samaria by the other Apostles Nowe if hee had beene the head of the Church and had had rule and authoritie ouer the Apostles it had apperteined vnto him to sende others not to others to send him The seuenth reason If Saint Peter had had the right of primacie to what end woulde he haue suffered himselfe to haue beene reproued by S. Paul and that before the people In sext decr de Con. cap. Licet distinct 19. ca. si Roman in Glossa de conces prae tit 8. ca. pro. posuit alibi for this was done euen then when hee both might and ought to haue shewed his authoritie and rule As at this day the Pope who saith that hee is aboue right neither is helde or bounde by lawes that he may preferre through his interpretation equitie vnwritten before lawe writen that wee ought to allowe or dissallow all that he alloweth or disalloweth that he is not subiect to any censure hauing all lawe and right in the coffer of his breste and stomacke Now Saint Peter did not alledge any whit or parte of all these blasphemies but tooke in good worth Saint Paules censure and reproofe acknowledging himselfe his companion and fellowe and one that was ioyned with him the other Apostles in felloweshippe of office yea inferiour to the whole bodie and subiect to the admonitions and censures of his brethren The eight reason So it was that among the Apostles in the time that our Sauiour Christ was bodily conuersant with them Luk. 22.24 c. there was a controuersie which of them shoulde bee esteemed or iudged the greatest but Christ laboreth to bring them to humilitie and to take from amongest thē all ambition saying thus The kinges of the nations beare rule and they which exercise authoritie ouer thē are called Gratious lords but ye shall not be so But let the greatest among you be as the least and the cheifest as he that serueth And afterwardes hee setteth himselfe foorth for an example For who is greater he that sitteth at Table or he that serueth is not he that sitteth at the table And I am among you as he that serueth and ye are they which haue continued with mee in my temptations Lastly he concludeth Therefore I appoint vnto you a kingdome as my Father hath appointed to me These are our principal reasons to declare that Saint Peter was not appointed Lorde ouer the Church and that hee had no more authoritie or preheminence in it than the other Apostles his companions and fellowes had Nowe let vs heare the contrarie reasons which the Romish Catholikes make The firste is this Matt. 16.18 Iesus Christ hath said to Saint Peter Thou art Peter and vpon this rocke I will builde my Church It followeth then that Saint Peter is the foundation of the Churche and by consequent the head thereof I aunswere that the holy spirite is not contrarie to it selfe but hee hath spoken plainely to the Corinthians That Iesus Christe alone is the onely foundation of the Church 1. Cor. 3.11 and that none can lay anie other than that which is laide alreadie Therefore he affirmeth not in that place of S. Matthewe the contrarie to this And marke this deed Iesus Christ hath not said and vpon thee O Peter I will builde my Church but vpon
things we cānot after any sort say or affirme of Rome Moreouer if we must respect and regard the Apostles there is as much or rather more reason to make S. Paule the first Bishop or Pope of Rome as S. Peter For in the first place besides that he was not in any thing lesse or inferior to the most excellent or chiefe Apostles 2. Cor. 11.5 we finde not that S. Peter did at any time reproue him in his ministerie Gal. 2.11 as he reproued or blamed S. Peter And besides we haue a certaine and an assured testimonie in the holie scripture touching S. Paul Act. 23.11 Act. 28.30.31 that he was sent by GOD to Rome there to beare witnesse of him that he there preached the kingdome of God two whole yeres together that from thence he writ diuers Epistles to the Churches that he was there prisoner and at the last beheaded by Nero. And as touching Peter we haue no assured testimonie that he went to Rome or that he taried there exercising there the ministerie If they wil replie that Iesus Christ gaue him the keies of the kingdome of heauen and that by that meanes he was preferred before Saint Paule and made head of the Church we haue aunswered that heretofore which we minde not hereto repeat Besides though it were so that S. Peter was ordained to beare rule ouer all Churches as an Apostle yet it can not therevpon followe that his successours ought to haue any such right or authoritie as he bicause they which succeeded the Apostles haue not the same charge and the same office that the Apostles had For when Iesus Christ ordained his twelue Apostles he ordained them for a time onely and after thē he hath not substituted or ordained others in their place to haue so ample and large a charge as theirs was Likewise we read not that the Apostles established other Apostles in their stead but onely Elders and Auncients that is to say Pastors and Ministers who had their callings charges and offices limitted Wherefore albeit Saint Peter might well be an vniuersall Bishop yet so it is that those that came after him can not rightly attribute vnto themselues such an office But to conclude by what marks can the Pope brag that he is the successor of Peter whose office he doth not any maner of way execute and whome he followeth not in any thing whatsoeuer CHAP. VIII Whether the Church of Rome be the true and Catholike Church And whether we doe well to separate and withdrawe our selues from it WHen we cal the assemblie of Papistes the Romish Church we mean not that we hold or take the same for the true Church For we take the word Church in his generall signification for a companie or fellowship or congregation And indeed we hold and affirme that among the Papists the true church is not but only some little tract or path of a Church to the end that that which Saint Paule saith may be accomplished to wit that Antechrist doth sit as God in the temple of God This being true 2. Thess 2.4 much lesse can we say that the assemblie which is amongest the Papistes is the Catholike Church which point we proue by these reasons folowing The first reason The true Church is founded or buided Ephes 2.20 vpon the doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles as S. Paul saith but the Papacie or Popedome hath not any such foundation bicause that it hath ouerthrowne the doctrine of the Prophets and Apostles as may plainly appeare by the examination of their traditions The Popedome therefore is not the true Church The second reason In the true and Catholike church 1. Tim. 3.7.15 the truth should reigne beare sway for S. Paul saith the church is the piller and ground of truth but in the Papacie truth reigneth not but on the cōtrarie side falshod lying as appeareth by the doctrine of the Masse of Purgatorie of invocatiō or praier to Saints of idols of merits and other such matters Wherfore it foloweth that the papacie or popedome is not the true Church The third reason The true Church 2. Cor. 11.2 Ephes 5.22 is the spouse or wife of Christ But the Churche of Rome is not the spouse of Christ For the spouse of Christ contenteth her selfe with Christ her only husband euen as an honest woman doth content her selfe with her only husband without admitting or suffering any other with or besides him which the Romish Church doth not bicause she receiueth the Pope of Rome for her husband and ioyneth him together with Iesus Christ Wherefore it followeth that the Romish Church is not the true Church The fourth reason The true Churche is the sheepfold of Iesus Christes sheepe Ioh. 10.16 But the Popedome is not the sheepfold of Christes shepe for it heareth not the voice of Christ the true Pastor or sheepheard but the voice of a stranger that is of the Pope whose lawes it foloweth and keepeth more then the lawes of Christ The papacie then or popedome is not the true Church Ephes 1.23 The fift reason The true Church is the body of Christ but the Romish Church is not the body of Christ For the body of Christ contenteth it selfe with Christ the onely head therof otherwise it should be a monster with two heades as we haue declared before in the seuenth chapter which thing the Romish Church doth not bicause it receiueth and holdeth the Pope for her heade Wherefore it followeth verie well that the Romishe Church is not the true Church The sixt reason Though it were that Church of Rome were the true Church yet it could not be but a particular church euē as the Church of Corinthus Ephesus and others wherevppon it followeth that it is not neither can be the Catholike and vniuersall Church The seuenth reason In the true Church these three markes are founde without fayling that is to say the lawful calling of pastors the pure preaching of the worde the right administration of sacraments but in the Romishe Church these three markes are not to be founde as it is easie to shewe by the examination that a man might make thereof Wherof it followeth that the Romishe Church is not the true and right Church Nowe seeing that wee haue sufficiently shewed that the Church of Rome is not the Catholike Church neither yet the true Church mē must not deme it strange that we can not agree with it but that we depart and seperate our selues from it and that in so doing we ought not at any hand or any manner of way to be held accoūted for Schismatiks because we do not forsake the auncient and Catholike Church no not the auncient Romaine Church but doe altogether agree with the same For would we knew what manner of Church the church of Rome was in auntient time Tertullian teacheth it vs Tertul. de praescr haeretic when hee speaketh therof after this maner A blessed Churche
August ad Ianuarium There is no better rule in this behalfe saith hee than a wise and sober Christian himselfe which will frame himselfe to that custome which he shall see vsed in that Church wherein he liueth For that which is not established against faith or against good manners must bee helde for indifferent But the Church alloweth not that which is against faith and good life yea she dissembleth it not neither doeth it To be shorte then for so much as wee cannot be present at the seruice and ceremonies of the Romish Church without defiling our selues in their manifest idolatries you may see wherefore we doe wholy and altogether renounce and forsake the same And in this deede of ours wee followe the example of the Prophets For in the kingdome of Israel in the dayes of Ieroboam Circumcision was administred and there they offered sacrifices yea the lawe was esteemed there amongst them as holie and which is more GOD him selfe was called vpon and prayed to there yet notwithstanding by reason of their superstitions and ceremonies which men had deuised and set vp against the ordinance of God all that seruice was reiected and condemned neither can any man shewe that Elijah or any other whether he were a prophet or of any other calling did at any time worship or offer vp sacrifice in Bethell But see more largely touching this matter in that which M. Caluine hath written thereof in the fourth booke of his Institutions Chap. 2. sect 1.2.3.4.5 Caluin lib. 4 Instit ca. 2. sect 1.2.3.4.5 c. c. Moreouer when we doe thus separate our selues from the Romish Church we breake not the vnitie of the Church bicause that in the Romish Church there is no true vnitie For first of all it is not at vnitie in it selfe as appeareth by the seuerall sects and rules which are amongest them one saying I am of the order of S. Augustine an other I am of Saint Dominicke his order and other I am of S. Frauncis an other I am a Iesuite contrarie to that which S. Paul writ to the Corinthians 1. Cor. 1.11.12.13 in the first Chapter Secondly that Church is not vnited with God which vnion or vnitie is necessarily ioyned with the former 1. Ioh. 1.3 as S. Iohn declareth it And that this is true that it hath not any vniō or felowship with God it is sufficiently plaine by this only reason that he that hath vnion or fellowship with God ought by the testimonie of the holie spirit and by faith to be assured hereof that God dwelleth in him and he in God euen as the scripture teacheth vs. But the faith of Papists is this that we must alwayes doubt whether we be in the grace and fauour of God wherefore they can not haue vnion or fellowship with him Furthermore this is to be marked that there is no vnion or agreement betweene the doctrine of Papistes and the word of God wherevpon it followeth that they are not at all vnited with him Which being cōsidered to what end and purpose would they haue vs to remaine and abide in the vnitie of the Romish Church seeing there is not in it any vnitie I meane holie vnitie and such as agreeth well to good Christians and the true members of Iesus Christ They will obiect further you hold indeede that baptisme ministred in the Romish Church is true baptisme why then doe you not hold this Church for the true Church I aunswere that this reason is verie weake For we doe not acknowledge the assemblie of heretikes for the true Church although we cease not to allowe the baptisme ministred amongest them for true and profitable euen as the Councel of Carthage decreed the same bicause that baptisme is alwayes the baptisme of Christ and not of heretikes although it be ministred by heretikes who haue notwithstanding some vocation and allowance of the people Wherein let vs heare Saint Augustine August lib. 3 cont Donatist cap. 10. The water saith he ouer which the name of God is called vpon is not bastardly for neither the creature nor the name is prophane or bastardly Wherefore the baptisme of Christ being sanctified and hallowed by the words of the Gospell is holie among the adulterous and in the adulterous although they thē selues be shamelesse and vncleane And in an other place Aug. cont Crescent li. 3. cap. 6. The baptisme is such as is he by whose vertue it is administred and not such as he by whose handes it is administred August de fide ad Pet. cap. 36. Also bicause it is manifest that in what so euer place where baptisme is administred it ought to be but once ministred this is to be marked that though it be administred by heretikes in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the holie Ghost it ought to be reuerently receiued and at no hand reiterated Wherefore we esteeme and take the baptisme of the Romish Church for true baptisme bicause it is ministred not in the name of the Pope but in the name of the Father of the Sonne of the holy Ghost and confesse that the infants which receiue it are truely baptised euen as they which were circumcised in the time of Ieroboam and of Caiaphas were helde for true circumcised persons although at that time the state of the Church was almost altogether peruerted and corrupted But yet this remaineth that albeit we haue receiued baptisme in the Popish assemblie and that we hold the same for true baptisme yet we are farre off from holding or accounting that assemblie for the true Church Caluine hath sufficiently answered this difficultie or doubt whose wordes I will bring in place here Caluin lib. 4 Inst cap. 2. sect 11.12 contenting my selfe therewith As in the time of Ieroboam saith he there were certaine prerogatiues belonging to the Church which remained amongest the Iewes although at that time the seruice of God was very much corrupted so we denie not but that the Papistes haue at this day some steppes pathes of the dissipation or scattering of the Church which through the grace of God haue remained with them For as Circumcision could not be so defiled by the vncleane handes of the Iewes but that it was alwayes a signe and a sacrament of the couenant of God for which cause God called the infants or children which were borne of this people his which could not any manner of way belong vnto him but by a certaine speciall blessing and priuiledge After the same maner also bicause he hath once placed his couenant in Fraunce in Italie in Germanie and other countreyes although that all that was afterwards oppressed by the tyrannie of Antechrist yet to the end that his couenant might remaine amongest thē inuiolable and vnbroken it hath pleased him that baptisme shuld there remain for a testimonie witnesse of that couenant which bicause it is ordained and hallowed by his owne mouth retaineth and keepeth her owne
force notwithstanding the vngodlinesse of men Likewise he hath by his prouidence brought to passe that there should remaine amongest them other remnants also as the Lordes praier the Apostles Creede the Commaundements of GOD c. least the Church should vtterly perish And as sometimes buildings are pulled downe in such sort that the foundations remaine and some shewes of the ruines and destructions so the Lord hath not suffered that his Church should be so rased or destroyed by Antichrist that nothing of the building should remaine And although that he might take vengeance of the vnthankefulnes of men who despised his word he hath suffered such a horrible shaking and fall to be made yet it was his pleasure that some part or portion thereof should remaine as a signe token and marke that the whole was not abolished Wherfore when we refuse simplie to graunt vnto the Papistes the title of the Church we doe not therefore vtterly denie them that they haue not any Churches amongest them but we onely reason of the true and right estate of the Church which importeth a fellowship as well in the doctrine as in al that which belōgeth to the profession of our Christianitie Daniel 9.27 2. Thess 2.4 Daniel and S. Paule haue foretold that Antichrist shall sit in the temple of God We say that the Pope is the head of that execrable abhominable and cursed kingdome at the least he is so in the West Church Nowe seeing it is saide that the seate of Antichrist shall be in the temple of GOD thereby is meant that his kingdome shall be such as shall not altogether abolish the name either of Christ or of his Church Hereby therfore it appeareth that we denie not but that the Churches ouer which he beareth rule by his tyrannie remaine Churches still but we say that he hath prophaned them by his vngodlinesse and so poisoned them with his false doctrines that there appeareth amongest them a picture or image of Babylon rather than of the holie citie of God To conclude we say that they be Churches first bicause that the Lord hath miraculously preserued amongest them the remnants of his people though they be poorely and thinly scattered abroad Secondly bicause there remaine amongest them some markes and tokens of the Church specially these tokens the power and effectualnesse wherof can not be abolished neither by the craft of the diuell neither by the malice of men But on the other side bicause the markes which we haue principally to regard in this dispute or question be blotted out there we say that there is not amongest them a right shewe and lawfull forme of a Church neither in any of their particular assemblies neither in the whole body And these are the wordes of Caluine But though we might indeede accord and agree to this that the Romish Church were the true church in respect of the baptisme which it hath yet there should be no reason to inferre therevpon that we ought also to take hold it for the true Church in respect of the other points of doctrine for it is most manifest that for the most part they are altogether contrarie to the expressed word of God And as cōcerning baptisme albeit they adde many vaine and superstitious ceremonies ministred in a tongue vnknowne to the people and not vnderstoode of them yet so it is that notwithstanding the substance remaineth that which is the principall or chiefe point of the forme as we haue shewed Now if one would demaund why then suffer we not our infants to be brought to the Romish Church there to be baptised seeing that the baptisme which is there ministred is good I aunswere that we suffer it not bicause God hath giuen vs grace to knowe the superstition and idolatrie 1. Cor. 10.14 1. Iohn 5.21 which is there committed to which we may not at any hande sticke cleaue or consent what soeuer apparance and shew of good we suppose may come thereby either to vs or to our children Rom. 3.8 for Saint Paul saith That we ought carefully to looke vnto our selues not to doe euill that good may come thereof And also bicause that through gods grace and goodnes we haue a meane way opened to haue our foresaid children baptised in the reformed Churches without any abuse error supperstition or idolatrie They will say yet further that Iesus Christ ceased not to approue allow the Church of Ierusalem in his time though it had in it store of errors which he well declared when he was there present at the sacrifices and feastes Wherefore then do not we approue also the Romish Church although it haue errors in it For if a Church shall for some abuses faultes or errors loose the name of the true Church where shall we then finde one alone in the whole worlde I aunswere firste that wee holde not that a true Church looseth the name of a true Church for some abuses or errors therein For S. Paul left not of to name the faithfull people of Corinthus the Church although he blamed and reproued them for many errors and corruptions not onely in respect of their manners but also concerning their doctrine And wee shall see hereafter that particular Churches are neuer so perfect in this worlde but that they be oftentimes subiect to error and goe astray But we rightly holde and affirme that the Romish Church ought to leese the name of a true Church because shee hath degenerated and gone out of kinde from the auncient and Catholike Church For the true auncient Catholike church cleaueth to her onely heade and husbande Iesus Christ shee beleeueth his worde followeth him shee is faithfull to him without committing adulterie with idols which the Romishe Church doeth not which thing wee haue a little while agoe shewed Secondly as concerning that that Iesus Christ did approue the Church of Ierusalem in his time we say in the first place that there is verie great difference betweene the estate of that Church then as it was and the estate of the Romish Church such a one as wee beholde it at this day For the abuse and corruption as well of doctrine as of sacramentes and the manifest idolatrie which beareth swaye at this present in the Romishe Church was not at that time in the Church of Ierusalem which is easie to prooue because that Iesus Christe would not haue made much a doe to beat down the idoles to reforme other abuses if they had had place there as he ouerthrew the tables of the monie chaungers Iohn 2.14 cast out of the temple those that there solde openly sheepe and doues Moreouer Iesus Christ woulde not reiecte or disallow the Church of Ierusalem because that the time was not yet come wherein he shoulde put an ende vnto the ceremonies of the lawe Leuiti 17.3 Deut. 12.13 Wherefore for as much as the faithfull had the commaundement of God whereby it was appointed them not to search
is that when in old time they were to set out an armie or to doe some exploite by souldiers they had in the Campe certaine speciall tentes to say masse in which tentes were couered ouer with goates skines Nowe a Goate in latine is called Capra or Capella that is to say according to the portuise of the Priestes which are at this day Chappel Wherefore because these tentes were couered with goates skinnes they were named Chappelles and the Priestes which had the keeping of them and who did therein singe their masses were called Chaplaines Behold verilie two reasons to shewe from whence this name Chaplaine is taken which reasons are verie high and full of great speculation or insight conteining verie great mysteries and such as are maruellously deepe but we leaue them to be meditate or looked into diligently to the priestes which are the Popes Chaplaines to the ende that they shoulde aduise take counsell to see whether they can bee willing that their reuerende name should be fet and drawen from the base beginnings Curates Curates haue an other fountaine In olde time according to the order established by Iesus Christ the pastors were ordeined and placed distinctly and without confusion in seuerall Churches For to the ende that euerie pastor might knowe his owne charge and be able to yeelde a better account of his flocke and that one should not any whit at all incroch vpon or intermeddle with others also to the ende that the flocke sheepe might know where they might seeke for and finde their owne pastors they deuided the people into certaine circuites and countries or rather parishes indeede whereof some were committed to the charge of certaine pastors othersome to the charge of certaine other pastors From thence came the name Curate although some would haue it deriued from Cura that is to say from the care that the pastors ought to haue ouer their flocks which were giuen committed vnto thē in charge And the abuse comming on growing vp more and more they called the benefice or renewe that was assigned thē to maintaine themselues vpon for the doing of their office by the name of cure And from thence it commeth that when any one goeth about to get such a benefice they diligently enquire of the value thereof and that whereof they seeme to haue the greatest regarde is to know how much the cure is worth As concerning Bishoppes and Elders Bishops and Elders or according to Papistes Priestes or as they call them priestes we haue before shewed and seene that these two names signifie one and the selfe same office or charge Hierom. ad Euagrium And Saint Ierome in his Epistle to Euagrius witnesseth that in the time of the Apostles there was no distinction or difference betwene these two degrees but afterwardes whiles schismes were in the Churche one was chosen from among the Elders and placed in the highest roome and called Bishoppe because hee differed from the Elders onely for the executing of order Now by these words wee may easily know and gather that this difference beganne in the Church about that time and in that the office of a Bishoppe is helde and accounted for a more high or more excellent office thā the office of Elder or as they terme them priestes it was not don by the institution ordināce of God but rather by mans authoritie and that for the maintenāce as they suppose of order and discipline Archbishop or Metrapolitanes The names of Archbishoppes and Metropolitanes which were taken for one and the same estate were vnknowne to the Apostles and to the olde auncient Churches but marke howe they were brought in Princes hauing put certaine degrees betweene their Cities and townes and making a difference betwene some of thē in respecte of dignities priuiledges they called those which they woulde establish aboue the reste Metropolites as if you woulde say Concil Calcedon Canc. 12. Mother cities as wee may gather out of manie histories and namely expressely out of the Councel of Calcedonia where it is saide that they ought not to account any townes or Cities for Metropolites but onely vnto those to whom Kinges and Princes haue shewed giuen this honour by their Edictes and statutes Nowe as princes lifted vp their Metropolitane cities to beare rule ouer others vnder their obedience so the Bishops placed in those cities vsurped iurisdiction and authoritie ouer others they being fauoured by their princes and magistrates who easily accorded and consented to this that their Bishops should be placed in authoritie aboue others For this cause the Bishops of those places Conc. Nice can 6. Conc. Calc can 8. were named in the Councel of Nice Metropolitanes and their seats were called in the Councel of Calcedon the first seats You see then what was the fountaine beginning of Archbishops or Metropolitanes who at the beginning were lifted vp to such a degree for a good end purpose in outward shew for they were so placed and established as it were Ecclesiastical presidents and rulers in their prouinces to the end they might guide gouerne the affaires of the Churches and direct and cal Synods in good order and without cōfusion when there was neede therof yet none among them had any authoritie one ouer an other Conc. Nice can 6. Conc. Anti. can 13. For that effect and purpose the Councels ordained that al Metropolitans should haue like power and equall authoritie Conc. Sardi can 19. Conc. Constantinopolita can 2. euerie one in his owne prouince that the Bishop of Rome who was also Metropolitane had at Rome in the Churches which were vnder his charge Whereby it appeareth that the Bishop of Rome was not then Pope and vniuersall Bishop ouer all Churches but that he had his charge limited and bounded hauing no more authoritie and iurisdiction ouer other Metropolitanes than the other had ouer him Cardinals Touching Cardinals I knowe not what we may speake of certaintie bicause there is not so much as one onely authour who liued or writ while the church was in some puritie that maketh any mention therof at all Yet we cannot be deceiued in speaking of that which we find touching it We read in Nauclerus Nauclerus that in the time of Pontianus Bishop of Rome who was about the yeare of Christ 235. there was at Rome 36. Priestes Cardinals that is to say principall and chiefe among the rest Volateran lib. 22. Antropolo For as Volateranus saith in his Antropologie the name Cardinal was in olde time taken to signifie as much as principall and was saith he giuen to the Priestes as they call them and Deacons of the Church of Rome bicause that as the Bishop of Rome was helde and taken for the principall chiefe of Bishops bicause he was in the principal citie of the Empire so the Priestes as they call them and Deacons of that citie were helde and
taken for Cardinals that is to say for principall and chiefe among other Priestes and Deacons Wherevpon he addeth some examples There is a certaine epistle saith he of Gregorie the first to them of Peloponezus who demaunded a Priest to minister the sacraments vnto them wherein he saith we send vnto you our beloued sonne A priest Cardinal Also there is amongst the auncient Charters in the Church of Aretinum a donation or gift of a certaine Romane Senator named Zenobius which was made vnto the saide Church in the time of Damasus the high Bishop wherein there is contained this subscription And I Io. S. R. E. Deacon Cardinall doe on the behalfe of the high Bishoppe Damasus approue and confirme c. And of these Priestes or Deacōs Cardinals Marcellus Bishop of Rome ordained fifteene to baptise children Petr. de Nat. lib. 2. cap. 83 Polydor. lib. 4. cap. 9. and to burie the dead about the yere of Christ 301. If the Cardinals of these dayes would take their beginning from these let them marke then what is their charge and calling without taking that vpon thē which belongeth not vnto them But we knowe what great differēce there is betwene their estate these bicause at this day we may in euerie place behold it to be an estate or calling of honor not of office charge as it was then Beside when was it that they were so lifted vp and by whom A thousand yeares and more were spent before that the Church was burdened with such Cardinals as we haue at this day hauing benefices without exercising or executing offices It is affirmed that Pope Innocentius the fourth of that name about the yeare of Christ 1244. did so exalt their estate and calling that he commaunded by Edict that from that time foreward they should goe on horsebacke and should weare a red cap or hat a scarlet robe for a signe and witnesse that they ought to be always readie and prepared to suffer and shead their bloud for the defence of Christian religion And Paule the second about the yeare 1470. hath ratified the same Edict and in some point augmented and inlarged it But some will set vp him selfe and say that these Priestes and Deacons of Rome which were called Cardinals obtained that name bicause at that time they were such as the Cardinals at this present are that is to say hauing authoritie and iurisdiction ouer all other Bishops and Priestes I aunswere that the case goeth not so For we find this that the Priests and Deacons of Rome were in times past much lesse and inferior to the Bishops in steede whereof at this day they goe before them in honour and dignitie And that so it is we read that whē the Bishop of Rome sent two Embassadors or Legates to the Councel of Carthage whereof one was a Priest of the Church of Rome he was set the last of all Also that in the Councel which S. Gregorie held the Priestes of the Church of Rome were set last and made their subscription apart by them selues and the Deacons had not so much credite as to subscribe Touching the foure Patriarches Patriarches we haue spoken thereof in the beginning of the 7. Chapter Nowe we must vnderstand that the names of Patriarch and Metropolitane wer in time heretofore takē for one charge or office as appeareth by this Socrates lib. 5. cap. 8. that Socrates the historiographer speaketh of the Coūcel of Constantinople wherein mention is made of Metropolitanes These Patriarches then or Metropolitanes being lifted vp in degree of honour aboue all the rest of the Bishops in processe of time thrust on foreward with ambition haue so incroched one of them vpon an other that at the last they haue brought all the Patriarches euen to the number of foure as we haue named and described them in the aforesaid seuenth Chapter And this hath principally come to passe bicause that either for the antiquitie of the Churches or for the renoune of the cities and excellencie also of the Bishops men haue reuerenced and honoured Rome Constantinople Alexandria and Antioch aboue all other cities and by consequent the Bishops of those places as those that were the principall or chiefe The Pope Nowe these foure Patriarches haue yet in such sort so robbed one an other that the Patriarch of Rome and he of Constantinople haue quite and cleane taken away the roome and place of the other two And as touching the two of Rome and Constantinople we knowe what iarre and contention there hath bene betwixt them which is not as yet well compounded or ended In the time of Gregorie the firste of that name about the yeare sixe hundred and two there was great controuersie and stirre for the primacie of the Church For Iohn Bishoppe of Constantinople was declared and published in a ful and solemne Synode of the Grecians vniuersall Patriarch and the Emperour Mauritius commaunded Gregorie to obey the said Patriarch of Constantinople But Gregorie would not indure or suffer this presumption that any Bishop should be an vniuersall Bishop ouer all the rest and in his Epistles he yealdeth reasons thereof First he saith Greg. lib. 6. epist 76. If he fall that is called the vniuersall Bishoppe the whole Church falleth from her estate Secondly None of my predecessors hath euer desired to haue or vse this prophane worde For if there be one Patriarch that is called vniuersall the name of Patriarch shall be taken from all the rest To consent to this execrable and accursed name is no other thing but to betraye the faith and to destroy Christianitie Thirdly Greg. lib. 7. epist 196. I speake freely and boldly that who so euer calleth him selfe vniuersall Bishoppe or desireth to be called by that name the same is in his pride the forerunner of Antichrist bicause that by his pride he preferreth him selfe before all This controuersie being betweene these two Patriarches of Rome and of Constantinople it fell out and was agreed that the Patriarch of Constantinople was appointed head of the Churches of the East and the Patriarch of Rome head of the Churches of the West and this latter was afterward so established and lifted vp by Phocas about the yeare 604. as we haue declared in the seuenth Chapter that he was created Pope and vniuersall Bishoppe of all Churches And as touching the name Pope it hath bene heretofore generally attributed and giuen to all Bishops as may be proued by these testimonies Aurelius Bishop of Carthage is called by this name Pope in the beginning of the Councel holden at the saide Carthage of which Councel he was President In the hundreth fiftie and one Chapter of the same Councel Innocentius Bishop of Alexandria is called Pope Saint Cyprian in certaine Epistles which he writ to the same Bishop calleth him Pope The Elders and Deacons of Rome Cyprian li. 2 Epist 7. called Cyprian Pope in their Epistles Saint Ierome oftentimes calleth Augustine Pope in
his epistles Dionysius Bishop of Alexandria in the third Epistle to Philemon calleth Heraclas his predecessor Pope as we may see in Eusebius his seuenth booke Euseb lib. 7. cap. 7. seuenth Chapter There may be many such like testimonies founde which declare that the name Pope was in auncient time commō to all Bishoppes If the question be touching the signification of the name Suidas saith that it signifieth in the language of Syracuse as much as father But we haue disputed and discoursed heretofore largely inough of this primacie Now let vs returne to our first purpose speach who is he the hath ordeined these orders and ecclesiasticall degrees by what dore haue these pastors entered into the Lordes sheepefolde who hath called and placed them in their charges was Iesus Christ who is the chiefe sheepeherde the Prince of Prophetes the wisedome of the father so ill aduised or so carelesse that he hath not placed so many degrees and offices in his Church as hee sawe and knewe to be needefull for the rule and gouernement thereof seeing hee loued it so much and esteemed it so deare and precious vnto him selfe that he deliuered him selfe vnto the most cruel most shamefull death of all others to saue it Let these reuerend Prelats put downe their authors Let them shewe from whence they are come from whome it is that they be as it were installed established and set in the Church Let them bringe foorth and alledge the worde of GOD if they can or if they can not let them leaue off and cease at the least to strengthen them selues so much with their succession and so often to oppose and set against vs their vocation and sending The ende wherefore the lord sent his workmē into his haruest Matt 28.19 Mark 16.15 1. Cor. 11.23.24 But wil we examine the end for which the Lord of the haruest hath sent forth his workemen into his haruest Hee himselfe hath declared it when he cōmanded them to preach the Gospel and to minister the sacramentes after his example Which in an other place is signified by the worde of feeding the sheep Ioh. 12.15 euen as Iesus Christ said vnto Peter Peter louest thou me feede my sheepe And S. Paul speaking to the Bishops of Ephesus Act. 20.28 Take heed to your selfe saith he and to all the flocke ouer which the holy ghost hath made you Bishoppes or ouerseers to feede the Church of God Also S. Peter The elders which are amongest you I beseech 1. Pet. 5.1.2 who am also a fellow elder feede the flock of Christ which is committed to you Wherefore cursing and woe is by the Lorde pronounced against the pastors which feed themselues Ezech. 34.2 and feede not their flockes or sheep And Saint Paul hauing regarde thereto Rom. 1.1 saith in his Epistle to the Romaines That hee was called and sent by Iesus Christ to preach the Gospell of God And to the Corinthians Necessitie saith hee to preach the Gospell 1. Cor. 9.17 is laide vppon mee and wo is vnto me if I preach not the Gospell because the dispensation therof is committed vnto mee In the Epistle to the Hebrewes it is saide Heb. 13.17 that the Pastors and guiders of the Church ought to watch for the soules of them that are committed vnto them as they that must giue account thereof And that is it that the worde bishop importeth meaneth that is to say a watch man or an ouerwatcher because the Pastors ought to bee as it were watches or watch men Ezech. 3.17.33.2 according to the Prophecie of Ezechiel that they maye watche ouer the flocke S. Paul in other words setteth out this ende when hee saith to the Ephesians Eph. 4.11.12 That Iesus Christe hath giuen Apostles Prophetes Euangelistes pastors and doctors for the gathering together of the Sainctes for the worke of the ministerie and for the edification of the bodie of Christ that is to say the Church 1. Cor. 4.1.2 And writing vnto the Corinthians hee saith in one worde That it is required of the ministers of Christ who are the disposers of the secretes of God that euerie man be founde faithfull behauing himselfe faithfully diligently and rightly in the execution of his charge and office Nowe according to this rule can the Popes Cardinals Bishops other priests of the Romish Church say that they occupie themselues in their charges to feede the flocke of Christe to preach the Gospell to administer the sacramentes to assemble the saintes to giue ouer themselues wholy to the worke of the ministerie to edifie the Church Howe doe they satisfie and aunswere the ordinance and commandement of Iesus Christ Howe can they excurse thēselues that they should not be almost all accused according to the testimonie of Ezechiel and S. Paul whereof wee spake not long sithence what can they say or alledge for themselues that they should not be excommunicated deposed if the Canons which they attribute to the Apostles of which wee spake in the fifth chapter were well and rightly obserued amongest them as they say they should be indeede But behold their vngodlinesse they say that they exercise and execute their foresaide offices and charges by their vicars deputies whome they haue substituted and appointed vnder them in their places ouer their Parishioners Yea but when Iesus Christ called and sent foorth his Apostles did he say vnto them goe and be the pastors of my Church teaching it and feeding by Vicars substitutes and Lieutenantes which ye shall put in your places It is certaine that hee did not so but hee gaue vnto them in their owne persons the speciall charge of his Church and commanded them in plaine expresse termes to preach the Gospell themselues and to administer the sacraments Moreouer what sufficient vicars or deputies are they wont to haue and how faithful meet and able to doe the duetie of Pastors Such Bishoppes and persons such Vicars and Liuetenants that is to say one of them as ignoraunt foolish and vnskilful as the other But why doe they take vppon them the name and charge of an office which they will not exercise and execute why take they the hire wages and reuenue of that labor worke which at no hand they doe neither indeed will doe For they haue no care to haue vicars and Lieutenauntes but that thereby they may enioy prebendes and the reuenewes of their benefices and yet they wil seeme to haue them as though it were to do their dueties Yea which is more then this they make accursed and more then profane diuision of their offices betweene them and their Friers vilanously separating that which Iesus Christ hath ioyned together For to whome was it that Iesus Christ committed the office to minister the sacramentes but euen to them themselues and to them alone also whome he enioyned and commaunded to preach the Gospell But these men to wit the Bishops parsons other Priestes
doe reserue vnto themselues the administration of the sacramentes such as they haue with the rentes and reuenewes of their bishoppricks parsonages other benefices and post ouer the charge office of preaching the worde to the Friers leauing them the bagge wallet and staffe whatsoeuer by begging they can get for their hire or wages But seeing that they leaue vnto the friers the office of preaching why do they not leaue vnto them also the office and charge to administer the sacramentes For these two offices are ioyned together and may not at any hand be separated or sundred one of thē from an other Notwithstanding there is in the Popedom a plaine prohibition and forbidding that friers in as much as they are friers should meddle with or take vpon them to administer any sacrament except they bee such as haue charge or vnlesse they be dispensed with all for the doing of it But why then are they suffered to preach For this is to doe against the ordinaunce and institution of Christ and to diuide and sunder things which he hath ioyned together Or seeing that they are come so farre as to forbid friers to administer the sacraments why doe they suffer them to say masse seing that they all hold and affirme that the masse is the sacrament of the holy supper which for this cause also they cal The sacrament of the alter Indeed to speake according to the truth making also an ende at the length of this matter these men can not after any manner whatsoeuer vaunt or boast thēselues to bee true Bishoppes and pastors seeing they are not called by Christ to such offices and that they doe not any manner of way exercise duties and charges according to the ordinaunce and commandement of the Lord of the haruest The X. CHAP. Whether the ministerie of the worde bee alwayes necessarie in the Church and howe much men ought to attribute or giue vnto it AFter that we haue spoken of the diuerse degrees of ministers in the Church and of their charges and offices it shal be verie meet and requisite that we declare whether the ministerie of the worde be alwayes necessarie and needefull in the Church or no. For there are some which doe dispise it and vtterly disallowe the same as though it were superfluous vnprofitable and vaine whose argumentes and reasons we must first examine and afterwards we will alledge and bring foorth our reasons and warrantes against them Their first argument is this The holie Ghost is our inward doctor who teacheth vs all things and leadeth or bringeth vs to the knowledge of all trueth It followeth then 1. Ioh. 2.20 Ioh. 16.13 that we haue not any neede of the outward ministerie neither that any doe teach vs with the liuely or liuing voyce I aunswere that the consequent is false and that the argument is captious and sophistical by reason of the insufficient numbring or reckoning of causes For there are three verie right causes by which we are guided and ledde to the knowledge of the trueth The first is the holie Ghost the second is the outward ministerie of the word The third is our will but yet regenerated agreeing with these two Nowe of these three causes or meanes we are not to despise any one seeing that GOD by them will accomplish and bring to passe his owne worke in vs. Wherefore although it be the proper and peculiar office of the holie spirit to lighten vs within and to lead vs to the knowledge of the truth yet so it is notwithstanding that the outward ministerie of the word is not vnprofitable bicause that God vseth the same as an inferior or secondarie meane for the aboue named effect and purpose And indeede the preaching of the word and the administration of sacramentes doe then shewe and bring forth their effect and power when the holy Ghost ioyneth his withall by the which only the eares are perced the harts opened the affections touched the wils disposed and prepared thereby to giue an entrance to the outward ministerie insomuch that if this inward master or teacher doe faile vs the outward ministerie can no more profit our soules than the light of the sunne helpeth blind eies or than a voice which soundeth lowd profiteth deaf eares In the meane while the outward ministerie is not vnprofitable or vaine when the operation of the holy Ghost is ioyned therwith working within but is full of vertue efficacie power euen as it pleaseth God to blesse it The second argument is Those which knowe all things and haue not neede that any should teach them haue nothing to do with the outward ministerie but the faithfull knowe al thinges as S. Iohn saith 1. Ioh. 2.20.27 and haue no neede that any should teach them It foloweth then that the faithful haue nothing to do with the outward ministerie I answere that the place of S. Iohn is verie yll and peruersly applied For when he saith that the faithfull to whome he writ knewe all things first that this ought to be referred to that which he had before saide 1. Ioh. 2.14 in the 14. verse to wit that they knewe the father for he that knoweth the father certainely knoweth all bicause the father is knowne in his sonne in whom are hid all the treasures of wisedome and knowledge Col. 2.3 as saith Saint Paule And therefore also the same Apostle declareth to the Corinthians 1. Cor. 2.2 that he esteemed not to knowe any thing among them saue Iesus Christ and him crucified Secondly when he saith that they knowe all things it is as if he had said that they were not yong schollers rude and ignorant but expert well skilled in the matters which he propoūded set forth vnto them that therfore he did not set out these pointes to them as though they were altogether vnknowne to thē but that he did onely bring these things to their mindes that they might remēber them As S. Peter writeth vnto the faithfull 2. Pet. 1.12 I will not be negligent saith he to put you alwayes in remembrance of these thinges though that ye haue knowledge and be established in the present truth Finally when he saith that they had no neede that any should teach them this ought not to be read alone by it selfe but ought to be ioyned with that which followeth to wit 1. Ioh. 2.27 but as the same annoynting teacheth you of all things and it is true and is not lying As if he would say you haue bene taught of the holie Ghost who is alwayes true and no maner of way a lyar You then haue not neede that any should teach you some other matter as they are wont to do which teach for doctrine mans inuentions but if any do teach you that he follow that which the holie Ghost hath taught you in whose doctrine it behoueth you alwayes to abide The third argumēt The Lord saith thus And they shall teach no more euery man
his neighbour Iere. 31.34 and euery man his brother saying Know the Lord for they shall all know me from the least of them vnto the greatest of thē This promise must be referred to the state of the Church vnder the new Testament therfore it followeth that the ministerie of the worde ought not any more to haue place now in the Church I answere that the application of the place of Ieremie is altogether contrarie to the meaning intent and purpose of the holie Ghost For first formost the Lord making comparison betwene the old people and the newe meaneth not any other thing but that vnder the Gospel he would send vnto his people so great a light by the means of Iesus Christ his sonne that his knowledge should be common familiar to all whereas vnder the lawe he manifested declared him selfe darkly that vnder certaine shadowes figures As indeed the ancient people that is to say they which were in the time of the olde Testament were not so familiarly plainely and perfectly taught as we be at this day by reason whereof also the Prophet Malachie calleth Iesus Christ the sonne of righteousnesse Malach. 4.2 signifying therby that the fathers vnder the law had indeed som light but yet not such a light as we through his goodnes haue at this day Furthermore we must marke that the Lord doth not say simplie They shall teach no more euery man his neighbor euery man his brother but he addeth saying Know the Lord. By which restriction or strayning it into a narrow roome he plainly declareth that he promiseth to his children such a knowledge that they shal not be any more learners of the A.B.C. neither young scholers in the doctrine of saluation For these words Know the Lord denote point out the first rudiments or instructions of faith and of the heauenly doctrine And indeed if we wel weigh mark how rude grosse and ignorant the old fathers were we shall finde that they were as it were little children Gal. 4.1 c. euen as Saint Paule saith and as yet in their A.B.C. But God hath shewed vnto vs a farre greater grace bicause that we haue a more manifest cleare and shining light to leade vs to the knowledge of God and of the mysteries of our saluation For this cause Iesus Christ saide Matth. 13.16.17 Luk. 20.23.24 Blessed are your eyes for they see and your eares for they heare For verily I say vnto you that many Kinges Prophetes and righteous men haue desired to see those thinges which ye see and haue not seene them and to heare those thinges which you heare haue not heard them In summe the Lorde promiseth here that his people shal not be found grosse and ignorant vnder the newe couenant or testament that they shall haue neede of the principles and beginnings of Christian doctrine But if we would not take this place in this sense how shal we expound an other of Isaiah Isai 2.2.3 which seemeth to be contrarie to this He saith It shall be in the last dayes that the mountaine of the house of the Lord shall be prepared in the toppe of the mountaines and shall be exalted aboue the hilles and all nations shall flowe vnto it and many people shall goe and say Come and let vs goe vp to the mountaine of the Lorde to the house of the God of Iaacob he will teach vs his wayes It is certaine that he prophecieth euen as Ieremiah of the grace of God which should be made manifest through Iesus Christe in the time of the Gospell Nowe one of them saith Euerie one shall not teach his neighbour for they shall all knowe the Lord The other saith The people shall runne together and say Come Let vs goe vp to the mountaines of the Lord and he shall teach vs his wayes How shall we make these two places agree seeing that both of them prophecie of one and the selfe same thing Verily Ieremiah meaneth that the people of God shal be in such sort lightened vnder the new Testament by the light of the Gospel that they shal haue no more neede of the rudimēts or first instructions of religiō neither to be so taught as the olde people were by the shadowes ceremonies of the law And as touching Isaiah he meaneth that vnder the same newe Testament the people shal though they be wel aduanced and instructed in the points of christian doctrine notwithstanding diligently indeuour more more to aduance them selues grow forward therin and that for that purpose they shall continually exhort one an other to the end they may better profite in the knowledge of the lawe Ioel. 2.28.49 The fourth argumēt It is written in Ioel At that time that is to say in the time of the new Testament I will poure out my spirit vpon all flesh saith the Lorde and your sonnes and your daughters shall prophecie your olde men shall dreame dreames and your young men shall see visions And also at that time I will poure out my spirit vpon the seruants vpon the maids Nowe by this promise the charge office to teach is without any difference laid vpō al vpon fathers children vpon sonnes vpon daughters vpon olde folke and vpon yong vpon seruants and maides wherefore it followeth that the ministerie of the word is not necessarie in the Church I aunswere that there is nothing in this argument or reason but a meere cauil It is true that this prophecie ought to be referred to the kingdome comming of Iesus Christ that the gift of prophecying should then be common both to men women to old and yong to be short to all estats But in the first place this is to be marked that the prophet speaketh here by comparison vsing a figure commonly called Hyperbole that is to say a maner of speach very excessiue because of our wearisomnes slacknes and negligence for hee doth not presently promise that all vnder the Gospell frō the first to the last shall bee partakers of this gifte but in respecte of the olde people vnder the lawe For if wee compare the estate condition of the old Church with the singular treasures which God hath powred out and giuen vnto his people after the manifestation and reuealing of Iesus Christ we shall finde that in this latter time the Lorde hath spread abroad and powred out the giftes of his spirite vpon all fleshe that is to say almost vpon all men when as vnder the lawe a verie smal number was partakers therof Wherfore when he saith That the Lord will powre out his spirite vpon all fleshe this particle or worde all is not here taken in his proper signification as though it were simply and altogether vniuersall but is indefinite and must be referred to all estates and conditions of people and not to euerie singular person as in this sentence of S. Paul where it is saide
1. Tim. 2.4 that God will haue all men to bee saued that is to say all persons of what qualitie condition soeuer they be And in that place of Saint Matthewe Matt. 4.23 where he saith that Iesus Christ being in Galilee healed all sickenesse and all disease among the people That is to say all sortes of sickenesses and diseases And indeed S. Peter in the seconde Chapter of the Actes Act. 2.16.17 maketh this sense manifest and plaine vnto vs when he saith that this prophecie was then accomplished when Iesus Christ sent his holy spirite vpon the Apostles Nowe we knowe that all fleshe that is to say all men were not at that time indewed with the gift of prophecie Secondly The Prophet speaketh not here of the publike office and charge to teach but of the particular duetie of euerie one calling them generally Prophetes who in the time of the Gospell should be indewed with so great light of doctrine that they might after a sort bee compared with the auncient prophetes Iere. 31.34 Wherevnto also must be referred the place of Ieremiah Mala. 4.2 Matt. 13.16.17 which wee haue expounded in the former argument and likewise the place of Malachie and of Iesus Christe in the 13. of Saint Matthewe It is not then without cause that Ioel attributeth this title or name of prophete to them who haue no publike charge or office to teach but are onely inlightened by the holye spirite and the preaching of the Gospell 1. Thes 5.11 because that this light is farre more excellent then the gift of Prophecie it self was in diuers who liued vnder the law And also though we are bounde to exhort one an other and to teach one an other in the doctrine of godlines and the feare of God yet for al that the publike ministerie of the worde is not superfluous or vaine in the Church For the selfe same God that hath commanded fathers to instruct their children and all vs to admonish one an other hath also ordeined the publike ministerie of the word in the Church that it may be there practised and exercised not for some fewe yeares onely but euen vnto the ende of the world And thus much touching the argumentes of the aduersaries and such as set them selues against the ministerie of the Church Now let vs bring foorth our reasons to proue the contrarie The first reason is Iesus Christe hath commaunded that the Gospell should bee preached and the sacraments administred in the Church vnto the ende of the world Thē it followeth that the ministery is alwaies requisite and necessarie in the Church I proue the Antecedent or former proposition by these wordes of Christ written in the last Chapter of Saint Matthew Matt. 28.19.20 Goe teach all nations baptising thē in the name of the father and of the sonne and of the holy Ghost teaching them to obserue whatsoeuer I haue commanded you and beholde I am with you vnto the worldes ende For after the cōmaundement to preach the worde and to administer baptisme vnder which sacrament the other also of the holy supper is conteined because the disciples might doubt or feare their charge as being great in labour and harde to execute Iesus Christ addeth a promise of his assistaunce not for tenne or twentie yeares onely but for alwayes euen vnto the ende of the worlde Wherein hee manifestly setteth out and declareth two thinges One that he willeth and ordeineth that the ministerie be exercised in the Church not for one age onely but continually vnto the consummation and ende of all things The other is that he promiseth that although Sathan subtillie deuise and inuent and practise all that hee can to hinder the ministerie the work of Gods seruants and that tyrants by their practises and violences inforce thē selues to the vttermost of their power to ouerthrowe and to bring to naught the Church of God yet hee will by his godly and heauenly power alwaies mayntein his trueth in the worlde and preserue his Church therein by the ministerie labor of his faithfull pastors The seconde reason Rom. 10.17 The Apostle Saint Paul saith to the Romanes That faith commeth by hearing and hearing by the worde of God Whereby he declareth that God hath accustomed to plant faith in our harts by the preaching of his word It is true that the power of God is not tyed to this outward meane but that he is able to beget faith in vs after some other fashion and by some other meane although it be to vs incomprehensible euen as it shal please him selfe but notwithstanding all this the ministerie of his worde is the ordinarie meane which hee vseth or serueth himselfe with to giue vs faith by so that they which will haue faith wirhout the preaching and hearing of the worde doe as much as though they woulde liue without meates and drinkes which GOD hath ordeyned for our bodily life Nowe herevpon we take and frame our argumēt thus Faith is in all times and alwayes necessarie for men But faith is giuen vnto men from God by the ministerie of the worde Therefore it followeth that the ministerie of the worde is in all times and alwayes necessarie for men The thirde reason It is certaine that for as much as the sacramentes are ordeyned by God to be as it were seales of the worde to seale in our heartes that which is therein conteyned alreadie that is to say the vnion fellowshippe and partaking which we haue in Iesus Christ it followeth that where there is not the worde of God preached there wee cannot haue any sacramēt For as a seale is altogether vnprofitable yea is not allowed a seale vnlesse it be bound or set to some instrument or writing for the confirmation thereof euen so the sacrament is altogether vnprofitable yea indeed is not a sacramēt if it be not ioyned with the worde of God preached to confirme the same vnto vs. Whervpon S. Augustine hath sometimes saide Let the worde be ioyned to the sacrament Augu. sup Iohan. hom 13. there shall be made a sacrament Of what worde speaketh he verily not of a worde mumbled vp murmured or whispered without vnderstanding ouer the elements but of the worde of God preached to the faithful and receiued of thē through faith as he himself maketh it plaine when speaking of baptisme he addeth this is the word of faith which we preach by which baptisme is consecrated and hallowed 1. Cor. 11.21 to haue power to make cleane Nowe from that which is aboue saide we reason after this manner The administration of the holy supper is alwayes necessarie in the Church euen vnto the end of the world for Iesus Christ hath commaunded vs to celebrate it by that meanes to preach or shewe foorth his death vntill his comming againe But the administration of the supper cannot be performed without the ministerie of the worde Therefore it followeth that the ministerie of the worde
is alwayes necessarie in the Church The fourth reason Iesus Christ hath giuen and established the ministers of the worde Ephe. 4.11 for the worke of the ministerie till wee all meete together in the vnitie of faith and knowledge of the son of God vnto a perfecte man and vnto the measure of the age of the fulnes of Christ that is to say till that Christ bee perfect in vs and haue in vs his ful grouth and increase But wee can not obtaine such perfection vnto the end of the world 2. Cor. 13.9.10 at what time God shall be all in all For as Saint Paul saith Wee knowe in part and we prophecie in parte But when that which is perfect is come then that which is in part shal be abolished Wherefore it followeth that Iesus Christ hath giuen and placed the ministers of the word for the worke of the ministerie vntill the ende of the worlde and then God shall be all in all These reasons are sufficient for this present to teach and proue that the holy ministerie is continually requisite and necessarie in the Church as indeede the Lorde hath for our good saluation established the same to abide in al ages therein applying and framing him selfe to our weaknes which is so great we being corrupted thorough sinne that without this means meet and agreeable to our nature we could not be well instructed in the pointes of our saluation For if God should speake vnto vs in his maiestie we could not at any hande away with or abide his presence as we may see it by those that when he was minded to publish and to giue his lawe the people thēselues being astonished Exod. 20.19 Deut. 5.28.29 with his greatnes maiestie said vnto Moses Talke thou with vs and we wil heare But let not the Lord talke with vs lest we dy And God accepting this their request saide vnto Moses I haue heard the wordes of the voice of this people which they haue spoken vnto thee they haue wel said al that they haue spokē Oh that there were such a heart in them to feare me and to keepe al my cōmandements alway that it might go well with them and with their children for euer Go say vnto thē returne into your tents but stand thou here with me and I wil tel thee all the cōmandements and the ordinances Deut. 5.30.31 and the lawes which thou shalt teach them that they may do them c. Wherefore God yelded vnto this people their request to wit that they might be taught by the ministerie of Moses And sithence that time it was yet his good pleasure to haue continued and that vnto the end this manner of instructing and teaching his Church by the ministerie of men which order men them selues did require and chose in so much that when God him selfe sent Iesus Christ his sonne Mark 1.38 Heb. 2.16 to preach the Gospell he appointed him to take vpon him not the nature of Angels but the seede of Abraham that he might be like vnto vs in all things yet without sinne And Christ him selfe ascending to heauen Act. 14.15 committed vnto his Apostles who were men as we the office charge to teach vs. And since that time this order hath continued and is common and ordinarie in the Church and can not be separated from the Church to wit that God doth teach vs by the ministerie of men as by his instruments which are most profitable Act. 8.27 c. familiar and easie to vs. The Eunuch of Candace Queene of the Ethiopians read in his chariot the holie scriptures and no doubt the Lorde could verie well haue instructed him in the mysteries of faith by the secrete vertue and power of his holie spirit but yet he delighted rather to haue it done by the ministerie of Phillip liked better therof Act. 10.1.2 c. Cornelius the Centurion to the end he might be more fully instructed in the knowledge of the Gospel was sent backe as it were from the Angell to Saint Peter He shall tell thee saith the Angel what thou oughtest to doe Yea Saint Paul him selfe although that the Lord had spoken vnto him with his owne mouth was yet notwithstanding sent backe as it were to Ananias Act. 9.3.4 c. that he might be instructed and receiue the holie Ghost and be baptised Wherefore they that doe cast from them or disallowe the ministerie of the Church hanging vpon and looking for Angelicall and diuine reuelations to instruct them doe not onely deceiue them selues but also violate and breake the order which GOD hath established in his Church for our saluation Now there remaineth to see and know howe much we ought to deferre and giue to the ministerie for if they be deceiued which despise it and do not their duetie in that behalfe which they ought they are deceiued also which attribute or giue ouer much vnto it Wherefore we say that we ought not to giue to it either more or lesse than that which belongeth thereto that as it is good reason that the authoritie and credite thereof should be reserued vnto it selfe safe and sound so we ought to take good heede of this that we pull not from God the honour which is due vnto him For this purpose and point we must diligently obserue and marke this distinction Sometimes man is compared with God when the minister is mentioned or spoken of and then it is saide that he is not able to doe any thing at all and that his labour or worke is altogether vnprofitable As whē Saint Paul saith 1. Cor. 3.7 Neither is he that planteth any thing neither is he that watereth but God that giueth the increase For what can man haue in himself if he would enter into this to part or diuide a matter betwene God him selfe we must therefore take heede of this not so much as once to thinke that the vertue and power of the holie Ghost should be tied and bound to the ministerie of men as though without it God could not worke in mens hearts euen as shall please him selfe as we see that they of the Romish church suppose and thinke as appeareth in this that they spare not to affirme that if a childe dye without baptisme administred by man it can not be saued on the other side that they which receiue the outward signes from the ministers handes receiue by and by the grace of God which is tied to these signes But God saith by his Prophetes That it belongeth to him Iere. 31.33 Ezech. 11.19 to write his lawe in mens harts to take away from them their stonie heartes Iere. 32.40 and to giue them heartes of flesh to renue within them a newe spirite to put his feare in their heartes Isai 43.25 that they should not depart from him Shortly That it is he alone to whome it belongeth to pardon sinnes Luk. 5.21 and to saue And we
heare that which Saint Paule saith That it appertaineth to GOD 1. Cor. 3.7 to giue the increase to that which the ministers plant and water And Iesus Ioh. 6.44.65 That none can come vnto him except his father drawe him Sometimes also the scripture speaketh of man without comparing God and him together and then in respect that God vseth his ministerie to accomplish his own worke by that is attributed to him which is proper and peculiar to God As when it is saide 1. Cor. 3.6 that the ministers plant and builde Churches 1. Cor. 3.6 Philemō 10. Luk. 1.16 Ioh. 20.23 Iude 1.23 that they beget men and winne them to God that they turne mens heartes that they remit and retaine sinnes that they saue All this must be vnderstoode in that they are the instrumentes and as it were the hande of GOD to bring all these thinges to passe by for then the question is not of that whiche man doeth by his owne vertue and power but of that which God worketh by the hande and ministerie of man Wherefore God is alwayes the efficient or working cause of our saluation and man together with the worde of GOD which he propoundeth and preacheth vnto vs is nothing else but the instrument and minister wherewith GOD serueth him selfe or which he vseth for the performaunce of so excellent a worke Wherevpon it followeth that they which despise and reiect the ministerie which God hath ordained doe despise and reiect God him selfe Luk. 10.16 For this cause Iesus Christ saith He that heareth you heareth me and he that despiseth you despiseth me and he that despiseth me despiseth him that sent me And Saint Paule writing to the Corinthians declareth right well in what authoritie reuerence and account we ought to haue the ministerie of the worde when he saith That GOD hath committed vnto the Pastors and ministers of the Church 2. Cor. 5.18 the embassage or ministerie of reconciliation And writing to the Thessalonians 1. Thess 2.13 We thanke God without ceasing that when ye receiued of vs the worde of the preaching of God ye receiued it not as the word of man but as it is indeede the word of God which also worketh in you that beleeue It is for the verie selfe same reason that speaking vnto the Romanes of the worde preached by the ministers he saith Rom. 1.16 That the Gospell is the power of God to saluation to all that beleeue And to the Corinthians 1. Cor. 1.18 that Though the worde or preaching of the crosse be to them that perish foolishnesse yet it ceaseth not to be the power of GOD to vs which obtaine saluation Nowe the preaching of the worde is so called by Saint Paule bicause it is the powerfull and effectuall instrument which GOD vseth to saue vs. And for this cause it is called also by Isaiah The arme of the Lord. Isai 53.1 In summe we ought diligently to take heede to 1. Cor. 3.9 and to regard that which S. Paule faith vnto the Corinthians We together are Gods laborers ye are Gods husbandrie and Gods building in so much that we alwayes set before vs two things when the question or dispute shall be touching the ministerie that is to say on the one side the minister that shall speake and preach vnto vs and minister the sacrament vnto vs and on the other side God who worketh inwardly in our heartes and indeede accomplisheth and fulfilleth in vs that which the minister speaketh vnto vs and doth outwardly represent and shewe vnto vs. As we haue a notable example thereof in the sixteenth of the Actes where it is said that as Saint Paul preached the word of God to Lydia Act. 16.14 a seller of purple God was he alone which opened her heart that she attained vnto and vnderstood the things which S. Paul spake CHAP. XI Of the holinesse of the Church WE haue seene heard heretofore that the Church is the companie of faithfull people which is also called the communion or fellowshippe of the Saintes and holie ones The Churche therefore is holye because it is compacted or made of saintes or holy ones but here we must marke foure pointes The first is howe and in what sense we are called Saintes or holy ones It is not as the idiots or ignorant people vnder stande it who by saintes meane none other but those which are alreadie dead so canonised by the Pope or else the priestes and Friers clad in white or blacke girded with a rope But by saintes wee vnderstande them who being elected from before all euerlastingnesse of time are in their time that is to say in the time which God hath appointed thē before the foundations of the worlde were laide sanctified by God through Iesus Christe and cloathed with true faith Nowe such are all true Christians and faithfull people The seconde that it is not of our selues that we are Saintes or holy ones Psa 51.5 c Gen. 8.21 neither of our owne nature for by our owne nature all wee are altogether corrupted Rom. 8.6 c. and the children of wrath But we are saintes because Iesus Christ hath sanctified vs Ephe. 2.3 Iohn 17.19 as he him selfe saith in Saint Iohn For their sakes I sanctifie my selfe that they also may be sanctified through the trueth Nowe he hath sanctified vs by the vertue and power of his holy spirite which by reason of this effect is called the spirite of sanctification Rom. 1.4 And this is that which S. Paul meaneth when he saith Ephe. 5.25.26.27 that Iesus Christ hath redeemed his Church and hath sanctified it that hee might make it vnto him selfe a glorious Church Nowe this sanctification or holinesse is brought to passe first by the imputation or account of Christes righteousnesse vnto vs 1. Cor. 1. for he was giuen vnto vs by the father to be our sanctification Secondly by the purging or cleansing of our filthinesses that is to say by the forgiuenesse of our sinnes in the bloude of Iesus Christe as Saint Paul declarerh it in the Corinthians when he saith Bee not deceiued neyther fornicators 1. Cor. 6.9.10.11 nor idolaters nor adulterers nor wantons nor buggerers nor theeues nor couetous nor drunkardes nor railers nor extortioners shall inherite the kingdome of God and such were some of you but ye are washed but yee are sanctified but yee are iustified in the name of the Lorde Iesus and by the spirite of our God And indeede Saint Paule in an other place sheweth that filthinesse is opposed and set againste sanctification and holinesse when hee saith to the Romanes Rom. 6.19 As you haue giuen your members seruauntes to vncleanenesse and iniquitie to committe iniquitie so nowe giue your members seruauntes vnto righteousnesse in holines Also to the Thessalonians 1. Thess 4.7 GOD hath not called vs vnto vncleannesse but vnto holinesse The thirde poynt is That the holines of the Church
to proue the contrarie The Romish Catholikes thinke that the Church can not erre although she doe and appoint any thing without the worde of GOD for being guided by the holie Ghost she may goe and walke without the order and direction of the word and although she goe and walke yet she can not erre or goe astray But they separate that which ought alwayes to remaine and abide ioyned together for if the Churche followe not the word of God it is impossible to keepe her from error as on the other side if she followe it therein she doth well and can not erre The reasons wherby they would persuade men that the Church can not erre are these following The first is this Iesus Christ doeth not at any time forsake his Church which is his spouse or wife Wherefore it followeth that it can not erre I aunswere by a distinction So farre forth as the Church foloweth Iesus Christ it can not be forsaken of him and can not erre but in as much as it liuing in the world doth stray from Christ and goeth aside from Gods commaundements it is forsaken of him and doth erre The second reason The Church is called The piller and ground of truth 1. Tim. 3.15 Wherfore it can not erre I answere that there is in this argument a double error the one touching the word Church For Saint Paule meaneth the Catholike Church not any particular one The other is concerning the meaning of the Apostle For he calleth the Church the piller and ground of truth not that it is so simplie and indeede of it selfe but in respect of vs bicause that the trueth of God hath not place in the world saue onely in the Church For as much therfore as God maintaineth his trueth amongst men and maketh it alwayes to goe it right course Chrysost in 3. cap. 1. ad Timothae by the ministerie of the Church therefore is the Church called the piller and ground of the truth To be short bicause that God him selfe commeth not downe from heauen and doth not euerie day send his Angels to maintaine his trueth among mē to publish it to the world but vseth the ministerie of the Church for this effect that is to say the preaching of the word for this cause it is called the columne or pillar of trueth because that by the preachinge of the worde it is reteined amongest men countergarded to the ende that it decaie not or perish from the memory or remembrance of men The thirde reason The Church is gouerned and guided by the holy ghoste how then can it erre I aunswere that so farre foorth as the Church is gouerned by the holy ghost suffering it selfe to bee guided by him and obeyeth him shee can not erre but if shee doe the contrarie she may erre and doeth erre The fourth reason In the kingdome of heauen no error can haue any place Matth. 13.24.16.19 For trueth reigneth therein but the Church is the kingdome of heauen it followeth then that in the Church no error can haue place All this is true of the Catholike Church yea and of particular Churches also so far foorth as they shew themselues to be the kingdome of heauen and not the kingdome of this worlde and of the fleshe that is to say so farre foorth as they are assemblies subiect in al things to Iesus Christ the king of heauen But were is that particular Church so obedient to Iesus Christ the king of heauen that it erreth not faileth not in any points particular duties The fifth reason Councelles cannot erre but the Church consisteth of Councells therefore the Church cannot erre This Syllogisme pretendeth and laboureth to proue an vncertayne thing by another thing yet more vncertayne For many examples doe plainely testifie that the Councelles may erre as indeede they haue oftentimes erred And touching the first the Councell that Ahab assembled of foure hundred prophets did not it erre It is written that they being come to this wicked king to flatter him 1. kings 22.6 c. Sathan was sent out by and from God to be a lying spirite in their mouths so al of them with one consent condemned the trueth Michaiah alone withstanding them who was reproued as an heretike beaten put into prison Iohn 11.47 The Councell which the high priestes and Pharisees assembled in Ierusalem against Iesus Christ did not it erre wee see how they condemned Iesus Christ litle regarded yea much dispised his doctrine And what shall wee say of the Councelles and Synods which were helde kepte after the death of the Apostles euen vnto our age whereof some haue reproued and vndone that which was established and done by others for of necessitie either the one or the other haue erred they beeing repugnant and contrarie one of them to an other Examples hereof The Councell of Carthage in whiche Saint Cyprian was president did decree Con. Carthag that those which were baptised by heretikes shoulde bee baptised agayne Which decree was broken and ouerthrowen Concil Carthag by an other Councell of Carthage holden after The seconde Synode of Ephesus Synod Eph. consented to Eutyches his error and imbraced the same and receiued it in this that hee confessed in Iesus Christ but one onely nature that is to saye the diuine nature which error was afterwardes confuted and caste downe to the grounde Conc. Chalcedo by the generall Councell of Chalcedonia The Councell of Constantinople Conci Constant called by the Emperor Leo about nine hundred yeares agoe ordeyned that men should throw down breake in peeces al the images that were in Churches which ordinaunce the Councell assembled at Nice Con. Nicen. by the commaundement of Irene the Emperors mother was immediately after broken and cracked and commaundement giuen that Images shoulde be set vp againe Con. Neoce Con. Maien Con. Carthag 2. The Councel of Neocesaria and of Maience the second Councel of Carthage did forbide mariage to the Ministers and Elders of the Church The Councell of Nice decreed the contrarie Con. Nicen. permitting ministers to marie Con. Braca Con. Tole 3 Con. Roman The Councell Bracara did pronounce curse against those that abstiened from eating fleshe and this decree was confirmed by the thirde councell of Toletum but the councell of Rome ordeined the contrarie forbidding the vse of the fleshe vpon certaine dayes of the yeare August lib. 2. de Baptis contra Donatist cap. 3 To be short S. Augustine plainely declareth that which I speake to wit that coūcels may erre for hee expressely saith that the letters and Epistles of particular Bishoppes are corrected by prouinciall Councels and the prouinciall Councells by vniuersall and the former vniuersall Councells annihilated and disanulled by the latter when by some certaine experience of thinges that which before was secrete is opened and that which was hiddē is made euident and plaine neither shall it stād thē in
any steed at al to say that any this place of Augustine ought to be vnderstod of outwarde and indifferent thinges for Saint Augustine disputeth there of a point of doctrine that is to say of the opinion of Saint Cyprian of the Councell of Affrica touching rebaptisation or baptising againe Now then in so great diuersitie gainsaying one of an other what shall we say To which Councell shall we giue greater faith and credit for this we perceaue clearly and plainely that they thus crossing and contrarying one an other did not all consent and speake according to the truth that therefore wee must of necessitie conclude that some of them haue erred and that by their false and erronious determinations they haue degenerated and gone astray from the right way of the word of God Certainly it is verie meet and requisite An admonition touching Coūcels and Synods that we should be wise and verie well aduised when the question is either to set out or to receiue that which shall bee determined by councells and Synods For it is altogether manifeste and plaine that Councels and Synodes may be deceiued And therefore as touching their decrees and determinations this is that wee haue to say that we must bring the weight of them and make it subiecte to the balance that is to say we must try and examine thē by the worde of GOD which is indeede the balance Gala. 1.8 whervnto not onely men are subiect but also the Angels as Saint Paul teacheth in his Epistle to the Galathians Wherefore whatsoeuer wee shall finde in them conformable and agreeable to the proportion of faithe and agreeing with the authoritie of the holy Scriptures wee ought to receiue the same without any scruple or doubte But if they propound vnto vs and set out things contrarie to that we ought and we may without any difficultie or daunger reiecte and refuse them as suspected and daungerous doctrines For as Saint Ierome hath somtimes saide Hierom. in 9 cap. Ierem. we ought not to followe the errors of our fathers and predecessors but the authoritie of the scriptures and the commandement of God who teacheth vs. Wherevppon also Gerson Gerson par 1. de exam doctrin Abbas Panormita Epist de electi one elect potest cap. 5 and Panormitan haue concluded that in matters which concerne faith the Pope and his Bishoppes may not determine and decree any thing against the worde of God and that if a generall Councell should come so farre as to decline and goe aside either through malice or through ignoraunce of the Gospell a simple man alleadging in that coūcell the worde of GOD ought rather to bee hearde and yealded vnto then all they Let vs enter or come nowe to our aduise and let vs bring forth and alledge our reasons to prooue that the Church may erre The first reason is this That great companie of the people of Israel which was in the wildernesse with whome GOD had made a couenant and had made them bounde vnto him by an infinite number of benefites and good turnes and had giuen vnto them sacramentes and ceremonies which were as it were visible signes of his grace that great company I say was a verie goodly a verie excellent Church But they were vilely deceaued and erred fowly when forsaking the commaundement they made vnto themselues a golden calfe offering and giuing vnto it that honour which was due to God alone yea and Aaron himselfe the high priest did not so constantly and boldly withstande them as he ought but rather consented thereto indeede wherefore it followeth that the Church may erre and be deceiued The seconde reason The Church in old time did offer and giue the holy supper to litle infants staying and grounding themselues vpon the place of Saint Iohn Except yee eate the fleshe of the sonne of Man Iohn 9.53 drinke his bloud ye haue no life in you And this custome was in vse in the time of Pope Innocent Saint Cyprian and Saint Augustine as it appeareth by their writinges But nowe this is not any more vsed for children which can not prooue and examine themselues are not at this day receiued to the partaking of the sacrament Wherefore the Church in olde time hath erred or else it erreth now But if we wold answere that the Church hath power and authoritie to chaunge such customes and manners I replie to the contrarie for now the question is not here of a thing indifferent in the vse but of the word of God which is alwayes constant and not subiect to any change as to say that to day it hath one sense and vnderstanding and to morrowe an other wherefore if the place of S. Iohn commaund to giue the supper to little infantes of necessitie as the forenamed auncient fathers haue vnderstood and expounded the same the Church hath done well in time heretofore to followe that commaundement and at this time it erreth in not folowing it any longer Or else if the said place be not to be referred properly vnto the holy supper neither commandeth to distribute and giue the sacrament to infants but it is of necessitie required that he to whome we must administer the saide sacrament 1. Cor. 1.2 haue knowledge to trie examine him selfe according to S. Pauls doctrine as in deede this is the pure and only trueth it followeth then that the Church hath in former time erred to admit little infants to the holie supper and that at this day it doth well to practise the contrarie The third reason If the Church could not erre Saint Paul had without cause feared 1. Cor. 11.28 least the Corinthians whome he calleth a Church should through the subtiltie of the serpent be corrupted 2. Cor. 11.3 and turned away from the simplicitie that is in Christ. And indeede in vaine should he haue called the assemblies of the Corinthians and Galathians Gala. 1.2 Churches which yet notwithstanding erred in doctrine in faith in manners and in life But Saint Paule did nothing of al this without cause or in vaine otherwise Saint Paule himselfe should haue bene deceiued wherefore it followeth that the Church may erre The fourth reason Those that can not erre haue no neede of the forgiuenesse of sinnes but the Church hath neede of the forgiuenesse of sinnes for Iesus Christ giuing it a forme of praier hath commanded it to demaund aske of GOD forgiuenesse of their sinnes Matt. 6.12 Wherefore it foloweth that the Church may erre The fifth reason The Church which was in olde time in Ierusalem was oftentimes reproued of error by the Prophetes which thing declareth that the Church is not in this world without will and deede to erre But to the end I may not be ouerlong in recyting by peecemeale and as it were one by one all the sentences which make mention of the falles of the Church let men reade that which is written thereof in these places Touching
me thereto Wherefore it is certaine that the Gospel taketh his authoritie from the Church I answere that the consequence is starke naught for that which S. Augustine speaketh to one purpose or in one respect is applied to another end This holie Doctor speaketh so as hauing regard to that he was then when he tooke the part of the Manichees as it were disputing against them Now the Manichees would that the Epistles of Manicheus their author which they called Fundamentall containing in it all their false opinions should be of like equall authoritie which the Apostles Epistles Beside they allowed one part of the Gospell and disallowed an other and that not by the aduise and iudgement of the Church but of their own proper and particular authoritie Saint Augustine hauing taken in hand to confute the saide Epistle in the beginning speaketh thus The Epistle beginneth after this manner Manicheus the Apostle of Iesus Christ by the prouidence and appointment of God the Father I aske who is this Manicheus you will aunswere the Apostle of Iesus Christe I beleeue it not What wilt thou say thereto Perhappes thou wilt bring foorth the Gospell and thereby thou wilt lift vppe and establish the person of Manicheus But what if thou haddest to doe and deale with a man who doth not yet beleeue the Gospell what wouldest thou doe when he should say vnto thee I beleeue not the Gospell For as touching my selfe I would not beleeue the Gospell if the authoritie of Catholike Churche did not moue me thereto Beholde Saint Augustines wordes by which it is altogether manifest that he mindeth not to infer that the Gospell hangeth vpon the allowance and authoritie of the Church but only that the Church hath great weight to induce and moue the miscreants and vnbeleeuers to beleeue the Gospell This holie Doctor then speaketh not of the foundatiō of his faith but of the beginning thereof that is to say of the occasion and outward means by which he was prouoked stirred vppe to beleeue the Gospell when he was a Manichean heretike and not as yet a Christian to wit bicause he sawe the good accord consent and agreement of the Church in receiuing the Gospell In the fourth Chapter he confessed that in former time he maintained the Manichees part that he was verie eger and sharpe therein and blinded in the doctrine of their sect Nowe he speaketh thus Howe wilt thou proue that Manicheus is an Apostle of Christ shall this be by the Gospell But if some one that beleeueth not the Gospell would say vnto thee I beleeue not the Gospell what hast thou to replie As if he should say wouldest thou not purpose put downe and shewe vnto him the authoritie and testimonie of the Church For as touching my selfe in the time that I was a Manichean I had not beleeued the Gospel if the authoritie and testimonie of the Catholike church had not driuen me thereto As if againe he should say For as concerning my self when I was of your faction and sect I was so settled and staied in your opinions and had heard them so attentiuely and diligently yea I beleeued them so stedfastly and did maintaine them with such courage stomake this is that which he speaketh in the fourth Chapter that verie hardly I had euer forsaken and renounced them to beleeue the Gospell if the authoritie and testimonie of the Church had not induced moued and prouoked me thereto The fourth reason He that hath authoritie and power to take away or to change some thing in the word of God hath also authoritie ouer it But so it is that the church hath authoritie and power to take away or to change something in the word of God It followeth therefore that the Churche hath authoritie ouer and aboue it They thus proue the assumption which is the second proposition or sentence of of the reason Saint Peter had authoritie and power to take away and to chaunge some thing in the word of GOD for he changed the forme of baptisme prescribed by Iesus Christ as it appeareth by this that Iesus Christ hauing commaunded to baptise in the name of the Father of the Sonne Matt. 28.19 and of the holie Ghost Act. 2.38 Saint Peter changing this forme hath enioyned and commaunded men to be baptised in the name of Iesus Christ onely As it is written in the second of the Actes verse 38. Nowe if Saint Peter haue had this authoritie and this power why also should not the whole Churche haue it as wel as he I answere first for the consequence that it is not necessarie and good For who is he that will yelde to this that all that which was in former time permitted to the Apostles should nowe be permitted to the Pastors and ministers of the Church who are their successors Secondly I say that that which is taken from Saint Peter as true and right is false For Saint Peter did in no case chaunge the forme of baptisme and in the place of the Actes before alledged it is not saide that they must be baptised in the name of Iesus Christ onely Act. 2.38 but simplie saide thus and be baptised euerie one of you in the name of Iesus Christ. Petrus Lombard lib. 4. dist 3. sect B. hab de Consecrat dist 4. cap. in Synod c. But let vs see how Peter Lombard the master of the sentences expoundeth this place If any saith he be baptised without inuocatiō of the Trinitie he is not a perfect Christian vnlesse he be baptised in the name of the Father and of the Sonne and of the holy Ghost yet we reade in the Actes of the Apostles Act. 8.12 that the Apostles baptised in the name of Christe Act. 10.48 but vnder this name Ambr. lib. 1. de spi sanct cap. 3. as S. Ambrose expoundeth it is vnderstood the whole Trinitie for when a man nameth Christ these are vnderstood to wit the father of whom the sonne was annoynted and the sonne which was annoynted the holie Ghost by whom or with whom he was annoynted Beholde the aduise and iudgement of the master of the sentences who doth not altogether satisfie vs though he speak much for vs. For whether we regard the substance of the sacraments or else the forme thereof we holde that the Lords ordinance ought to be retained and folowed in the whole and through the whole and that it doth not belong to any particular person no not to the Church it selfe to alter or chaunge any thing therein And indeede as I haue alreadie saide Saint Peter did not chaunge the forme of baptisme But marke this His intent purpose was to teach that the foundation accomplishment and fulfilling of baptisme is in Iesus Christe alone For to be baptised in the name of Christ is taken and vsed by S. Peter for to be receiued to grace and fauour in baptisme by the name of Iesus Christe So that
this manner of speach which Saint Peter vseth is not in any sort to be referred to the forme of baptisme but onely declareth that all the vertue power and efficacie of baptisme consisteth onely in Iesus Christ alone bicause that all that which baptisme doth represent and figure vnto vs 1. Ioh. 1.7 Rom. 6.4 is comprehēded in him alone For by the bloud of Iesus Christ we are washed purged from all our sinnes and by baptisme buried with him to the end that as he is raised vp frō the dead by the glorie of the father so we also should walke in newnesse of life The fift reason The Church hath changed the Sabaoth to the Lordes day or that which we call Sunday although that God by expresse writing commaunded the obseruation and keeping of the said Sabaoth Wherefore it followeth that the Church hath power and authoritie ouer the holie scripture I aunswere in the first place That the Church hath changed nothing at all of the commaundement touching the obseruation of the Sabaoth in or cōcerning the substance thereof but onely in or concerning the circumstance For the thing or matter abideth always that is to say the substance of the commaundement seeing that one day of the weeke is reserued to be imploied bestowed vpon the holie rest which thing is enioyned by the commandement as being indeede the veritie and truth therof So that the obseruation and keeping thereof is only chaunged in respect of the time which chaunge doth not derogate any thing from the commaundement and neither altereth nor chaungeth any thing therin of that which God minded to commend and commaund to vs. Next the commaundement of the Sabaoth in respect of the figure was temporall and indured but a season and therfore it ought to haue an end as the other ceremonies of the lawe had Wherefore the figure was taken away and changed not by the authoritie of the Church properly or as you would say of it owne authoritie but by the trueth it selfe which declared and shewed it selfe in Iesus Christ wherevpon also the Apostle saith Col. 2.16.17 Let no man therefore condemne you in meat and drinke or in respect of an holie day or of the newe moone or of the Sabaoth day which are but a shadowe of things to come The sixt reason The Apostles decreed in the first Councel which they held in Ierusalem Act. 15.29 that the Christians should abstaine from a bloud and from that that is strangled which decree yea brought and put into writing the Church hath taken away and chaunged after the time of the Apostles giuing leaue to christiās to vse both bloud and that that is strangled It foloweth then that it is lawfull for the Church to change some thing in the word of God and by cōsequent that the Church is aboue the same word I aunswere that the place of the Actes touching that which the Apostles determined in the Councel which they held in Ierusalem is ill vnderstood and yet more ill applied to fetch and drawe from it such a consequence For the Church after the Apostles hath not established any thing against the decree of the Apostles in that they haue suffered Christians to vse and eate bloud and that that is strangled For the decree of the Apostles was made set vp and published for a time onely and therefore it ought to end The Church in the time of the Apostles was builded as well of the Gentiles as of the Iewes Some weake ones amongest the Iewes thought that they were yet bound in their consciences to the obseruation of the lawe of Moses that is to say to the ceremonies thereof The Gentiles on the other side strengthening themselues with that Christian libertie which Iesus Christ hath brought vnto vs would without any difference vse all manner of meates and so amongst the rest bloud and that that was strangled Wherevpon the Apostles least that so free a vse of bloud and of that that was strangled might breede and bring some offence to the weake Iewes determined and decreed in their Councel that euerie one should abstaine from such meate for a time til that they might see a good agreement peace betweene these two peoples Nowe afterwardes the feare of such an offence being taken away the Church iudged that the obseruation and keping of the said decree was not any more necessarie or any longer needfull and therefore respecting the intent and purpose of the Apostles gaue libertie to the faithfull to vse all kinde of meates or else to speake better did by the word of God declare vnto them the libertie that they had to vse all maner of meats without in any thing altering or chaunging the intent and purpose of the Apostles when they made and established the foresaide decree not being appointed and set vp by them but for a time onely And thus much touching the reasons of the Romish Catholikes who affirme that the certaintie and trueth of the worde of God doth depend of the iudgement authoritie of the Church Beholde nowe our reasons to the contrarie The first is this The certaintie of the Churche dependeth vpon the authoritie of Gods word It followeth then that the contrarie can not be true to wit that the certaintie of the word of God should depend vpon the authoritie of the Church Nowe we proue the antecedent or former proposition by that which the holie Ghost saith Ephe. 2.20 that the Church is builded vpon the foundation and doctrine of the Ppophetes and Apostles Wherevpon it followeth that the Church dependeth vpon the authoritie of the same doctrine And herevnto belong the sentēces of the ancient Doctors which we haue cited and quoted before in the third Chapter by which this is shewed proued that the Church is marked declared and knowne by the holie scriptures 2. Tim. 3.16 The second reason The holie scripture being giuen by inspiration of God as S. Paule saith hath the authoritie from it selfe as we haue declared in the beginning of this Chapter in aunswering the first reason of the Romish Catholikes wherein we haue followed the iudgement of Alfonsus de Castro It followeth then that it taketh not credit or authoritie from the Churche neither more nor lesse than the edict and lawe of the King which hath the authoritie it hath from it selfe that is to say from the King from whome it proceedeth and commeth and not from the parliament to which it is sent although that the same be allowed praised yea and expounded sometimes by the saide parliament The third reason If the word of God ought to be heard aboue the Church then certainly it doth not hang of the authoritie of the Church but that the word of GOD ought to be heard aboue the Church it appeareth by this which S. Paule saith that it ought to be heard aboue the Apostles Gal. 1.8 yea the Angels them selues Wherefore it followeth that the word of God doth not hang of the
end or shoot at no other mark but to cause vs to practise that which is contained in the word of God and so it is that Gods word teacheth vs to submit our selues to yeld our selues subiect to our Magistrates Rom. 13.1.5 Tit. 3.1 and that not for feare of wrath onely but also for conscience sake who seeth not this that she is established and set vp by God to maintaine the Magistrate in his authoritie and to cause that obedience to be rendred and yelded to him which belongeth vnto him And also this is to be noted that the church hath not any particular member or person in it which she doth not most willingly make subiect to the Magistrate following therin that which S. Paul saith Rom. 13.1 Let euerie soule that is to say euerie person or man be subiect vnto the higher powers Touching which the Priests Friers Monkes of the Romish Church and in summe all those of the Popes Cleargie should here verie well take them selues by the nose that if it may be they may be ashamed and so come to repentance For whereas they reproue and accuse vs to be rebels to our superiors I would wish them to looke to them selues and to marke howe farre they shewe them selues obedient and by what title and right they can boast them selues to be exempted from all such subiection It may be that they will not beleeue Saint Pauls words without the interpretation of some of the fathers let thē then well looke to marke that which Chrysostome hath written vpon this place whose wordes are verie cleare and plaine Chrysost in 13. cap. ad Roman When the Apostle speaketh thus saith Chrysostome Let euerie soule be subiect to the higher powers he declareth that this commaundement is directed to all yea to Priestes and Monkes and not onely to them which are busied and occupied about the affaires of this present life wherefore be it that thou art an Apostle or an Euangelist or a Prophete or any other thou oughtest to be subiect to the Magistrate For this subiection doth not hinder disanull or take away godlinesse These are this holy Doctors owne wordes who if he liued at this day I leaue it to your selues to thinke of howe sharply and earnestly would he set vp him selfe against the Romish Priestes Causa 15. quaest 6. cap. Alius Romanus c. and namely against him who doth not onely not subiect or submit him selfe to Kinges but also maketh Kings subiect to him and translateth to his owne proper vse Kingdomes and Empires and is not in the meane while ashamed to say that he is Iesus Christes vicar and the successor of the Apostles Matt. 17.27 wheras indeede Iesus Christ subiected him selfe to Magistrates yea euen to pay them tribute Luke 22.25 and hath saide vnto his Apostles that the Kings of the earth beare rule c. but it shall not be so amongest you The thirde head or point is The discipline ought to be exercised by the Consistorie that for the exercising and executing of the discipline there must be in the Church a Consistorie that is to say an assemblie or a Councell compacted made of the ministers Elders to watch ouer the insolencies Matt. 10.17 Act. 22.5 breakings out and offences which may fall amongest the members of the Church This consistorie was heretofore in vse among the Iewes and was called Synedrion and Presbyterie Nowe if when corruption burst into the Church men abused both the title and the right and lawfull vse of the Consistorie it followeth not for al that that Iesus Christ or his Apostles would haue it abolished but rather haue brought it backe againe to his former safetie and soundnesse and vsed the same when the time was for it This is that which Saint Paul meaneth when writing vnto the Romanes Rom. 12.8 he saith Let him that ruleth doe it with diligence For it is certaine that he speaketh not to Magistrates but he speaketh to the Elders Auncients and ouerwatchers who were ioyned to and with the Pastours for the ruling and guiding of the Church Also when he saith to Timothie 1. Tim. 5.17 The Elders that rule well are worthie double honour specially they which labour in the worde and doctrine For he maketh there two sortes of Auncients or Elders some that trauell in the word and doctrine such are the Pastours and Ministers and other some which exercise an other charge as the Elders or as we say ouerwatchers who are appointed to haue regard to and to watch ouer the manners of the people But to make this point more plaine we must speake yet somewhat more therof Saint Paule writing to the Romanes Rom. 12.6.7.8 diuideth the functions or offices of the Church into two sortes or kindes into the office of Prophetes 1. Tim. 3.18 Tit. 1.6 c. Philip. 1.1 and into the office of Deacons as in an other place he maketh mention but of Bishops and Deacons according to the example of the Apostles Act. 6.3.4 Actes 6.2.3.4 c. Againe he diuideth these two kindes or sortes into certaine other Of Prophets he maketh two rankes or orders some he calleth Pastours and the other Doctours whose charge and office is to labour in the word and doctrine as we haue heretofore sufficiently declared in the ninth Chapter Of Deacons he maketh three kindes Some giue themselues wholy to the gatherings and distributions of the almes which properly indeede are called Deacons Othersome are they to whome specially and chiefly this charge belōgeth to watch ouer the maners of the flocke and ouer such offences as may fall out amongest them and these are properly called Ancients Elders and ouerwatchers The third sort are they which haue a speciall care of the sicke persons to be diligent about them to take care ouer them and to vse them courteously gently and well and such were heretofore the widdowes 1. Tim. 5.9 c. whereof mention is made in the scripture Touching which matter this is to be marked that in succession and processe of time certaine Councels and Synods ordained that women should be no more admitted into such offices and charges of Diaconesses and this was done to the end they might meete withall and preuent all inconueniences and offences rising thereon in the place and steede of which women Diaconesses that like administration office was commended to and laide vpon men lawfully chosen and called thereto Nowe marke howe these offices and charges be at this day exercised and vsed in the reformed Churches As concerning the Pastors and Doctors they handle intreate on and expound the worde as we haue saide and shewed before in the ninth Chapter the Elders and Deacons not any manner of way medling therewith There are two other companies or sorts The one is called the assemblie or companie which haue care of the poore the other the Consistorie Both in the one and in the other the Pastors
Origen in Iohan. Hom. 7. that hee whiche hath bene three times admonished and yet afterwards amendeth not should be cut off from the bodie of the Churche by the gouernours of the Churche And Saint Cyprian Cypr. lib. 3. epist 10.14 27. making mention of the custome and manner vsed in his time touching the publike and open censures of the Churche saith that nothing at all was done by the Bishoppe without the counsell of the Cleargie and the consent of the people Wherefore the Pope of Rome declareth him selfe to bee a false dealer and indeede a tyrant when snatching away and that by violence from the Churche the right and power that belongeth thereto hee arrogateth to him selfe and to his power and authoritie to cut off from the Churche and to excommunicate whome so euer hee or any of them shall thinke good The fourth consideration is touching the ends which men ought to set before them in the corrections of the Church and namely in excommunication Nowe there are three speciall ends thereof The first is that those which be of wicked life and conuersation may not haue any place amongest true Christians to the contempt of Gods name The second is that good people may not be corrupted by the conuersation of the wicked 1. Cor. 5.6 for a little leauen leaueneth the whole lumpe The third is that they which haue fallen and offended may be confounded and ashamed in them selues and afterwardes lifted vp againe comforted and reconciled to the Church 2. Thes 3.14 That is it which S. Paul setteth out and meaneth when he saith If any man obey not our saying note him by a letter and haue no companie with him that he may be ashamed 1. Cor. 5.5 Also speaking of the incestuous person I haue determined saith he that he should be deliuered to Sathan for the destruction of the flesh that the spirite may be saued in the day of the Lord Iesus These three ends are verie largely laid out at length discoursed vpon in the fourth booke of M. Caluines Institution Cap. 12. Sect. 5. Calu. lib. 4. Inst cap. 12. sect 5. Whereof the summe is that in corrections and censures men must regard and looke to three endes that is to say the glorie of God the edification of the Church and the repentance and conuersion of sinners The fift consideration is that men in the reprehensions and censures of the Church looke well to this that they haue not such cōsideration regard or respect to the outward appearance and shewe of mens persons that they tread the little ones or poore people vnder their feete and support aide and hearten the great and rich Deut. 10.17 Gal. 3.28 For as God accepteth no mans person and in the Church there is neither Iewe nor Grecian bond nor free male nor female but all are one in Iesus Christe so the gouernors of the Churche ought alwayes to walke with an vpright and equall foote without turning aside any manner of way in receiuing and allowing some and in refusing and disallowing others It is verie true that corrections ought alwayes to be tempered measured and accompanied with gentlenesse softnesse and courtesie to the end as Saint Paul saith that he that is reproued or blamed 2. Cor. 2.7 may not be swallowed vp with ouer much heauinesse For otherwise we shall turne the the remedie into poyson and hurt And therefore the same Apostle doth exhort vs Gal. 6.1 That we should restore with the spirite of meekenesse such as be fallen into or ouertaken with some fault 1. Tim. 5.12 And againe Rebuke not saith he an Elder vnreuerently but admonish or exhort him as a father the young men as brethren the elder women as mothers the younger as sisters with all purenesse and chastitie We must therefore moderate with gentlenesse and meekenesse the rigour or hardnesse of the discipline least we hurt rather then profite But so farre off is it that they ought to spare any man that the corrections must be equally and indifferently applied and administred to all them which shal haue neede thereof whether they be men or women whether they be great or small whether they be masters or seruantes whether they be Gentlemen or of the common sort We knowe with what earnestnesse and heate Chrysostome was angrie against the Pastours in his time who for feare of great and rich men durst not reiect or put from the supper any of them when they offred them selues thereto nor before they were admitted thereto Chrysost Hom. 3. in Matth. The bloud saith he of these men shall be required at your handes If you feare mortall men for their greatnesse and riches verily men shall mocke you but if so be that you feare the liuing God he will bring to passe that euen men them selues shall haue you in honour and estimation And those which are lifted vp in dignitie An admonitiō to great men not to reiect or despise the discipline ought not to refuse to submit them selues and to make them selues as it were subiect to the discipline and they ought not to refuse the corrections of their Pastours and Elders seeing that by this meanes the Lorde will set them againe vpon their feete after they are fallen There is I knowe not what manner of pride in many which hindereth them from submitting them selues vnto the discipline There is besides I knowe not what maner of foolish and filthie shame which when it hath once seised or taken holde of them they loue rather to continue in their vices than to be aduertised or admonished thereof to the end that they may keepe them selues there from But the Emperor Theodosius was better aduised and of a more godlie minde For we reade Ambr. lib. 1. epist 3. in oratio Theodosij that when Saint Ambrose had excommunicated him by reason of much innocent bloud which was spilt and shead at his commaundement he tooke such a censure in good part and so farre off was it that he was stubborne and selfe willed against his Pastor and his Elders to recoile backe againe or to withdrawe him selfe from the Church that on the other side approuing the same correctiō and censure he vnclothed him selfe of his kingly ornaments and openly bewailing his sinne in the Church he did with teares gronings and sighes demaund and aske forgiuenesse thereof Certainly this is not in vaine that Iesus Christ hath said to the Pastors of his church What so euer ye shall bind or loose in earth Matt. 18.18 shall be bound or loosed in heauen For thereby he hath authorised his Church in the vse of the keyes by the word of God to condemne the peruerse stubborne and vngodlie and by the same word to reconcile and receiue to mercie all true penitent sinners Which authoritie of the Church is not restrained or hedged in to be exercised and executed among the common people only but also vpon Lordes and Magistrates Whereupon it
followeth that none can distract or withdrawe himselfe therefrom but hee renounceth and forsaketh the meane of his saluation The conclusion is this that seeing God hath ordeined correction and discipline to the end that wee should profite grow vp in his doctrine that we shoulde not be hardned in our sins but rather that they might be reproued to the end they might not ingender and worke in vs an vncurable rottennesse or infection It followeth that they which flie and refuse the admonitions and censures of the Church which are made and giuen them in the name of God refuse God himselfe despise their owne saluation Beholde this is that which wee haue heere to note and marke as touching the discipline of the Churche For concerning the lawes which shee may establishe and set vp according to the authoritie giuen her of GOD wee will speake thereof in the Chapter following The fifteene Chapter Whether it belong to the Church to make lawes and if she make some how farre the faithfull ought to obey her WHen the question is of the lawes of the Church wee knowe that som concerne the doctrine vnder which wee comprehende the Sacramentes also and other the discipline or pollicie and order that is to say the fashion and maner of doing The lawes which concerne doctrine touch the conscience and in the knowledge and practise of them standeth the seruice worship of God our own saluation Of this sort are al the points articles of doctrine conteined in the Scripture which we must beleeue and obserue without adding any thing thereto or diminishing therfrom in changing it Those which concerne the discipline are to bee referred to the order and honestie which ought to be kept in the church and cōsist in a maner fashion of doing altogether outward and these may a man call indifferent which a man may vse either well or euill of this sort are ordinances touching the places the times the seasons the houres set for preachings ministration of the Sacraments the celebration of marriages fasts publik praiers such like things yet notwithstanding this must be knowne that no man may appoint in the practise and perfourmance of these matters the seruice of God or our saluation neither must any man thinke that of themselues they concerne the conscience Nowe the difference and disputation that some moue and make in the Church touching this matter is not as concerning this laste kinde of Lawes apperteining only to the discipline or pollicie So euery one knoweth and cōfesseth that the church cannot want her pollicie order and that to the end shee may abide vnited and tyed together shee hath neede of certain outward bonds wherfore the church may without any difficulti or doubt make lawes apperteining only to the outwarde discipline and take them away or change them according as she shal iudge them to be expedient profitable hauing alwaies speciall respect to the times places and persons As for example the church may ordeine appoint some day of the week for publike praiers whether the prayers be ordinary or extraordinary the Churche also may chose a certaine day or a certaine houre to giue thankes vnto God when it shall haue pleased him to haue deliuered out of some greate daunger either the whole Churche or the Countrie or the Magistrate or some other members placed in authoritie the Churche also may publish a fast so often as necessitie and occasion shall require It may take order also that Baptisme be ministred at a certaine time after the preachings that the holy Supper be celebrated and ministred so often in a yeere and at those seasons which they shall iudge expedient and meete that the askings or publishing of the banes of marriage shoulde bee as it were proclaimed or declared three seuerall Sundaies And lastly that the saide marriages should bee celebrated at the Sermons or preachings either in the morning or euening that the consistories for the maners of the people and the assemblie or company which haue care for the poore assemble and meete together so often in a moneth as shall bee found expedient and profitable Wherefore the Churche may establish these lawes and other such like which the faithful ought to obey to the ende that there may not be any disorder or any confusion among the people of God But the question is of lawes concerning doctrine and the Sacraments or els other lawes touching the discipline by which they woulde binde consciences inclose and comprehende therein simplie the seruice of God that is to say whether it belong to the Churche to make Lawes thereof or no The Romish Catholikes say they may and wee affirme the contrarie and these are their reasons following The first reasō is this The Church hath authoritie to teach wherefore she hath also authoritie to make lawes belonging to the doctrine or teaching But this argument may be ouerthrown in two wordes if we denie the cōsequence For these be matters very much differing to wit to haue authoritie to teache and to haue authoritie to make Lawes belonging to the doctrine Iesus Christe hath in deede giuen the first of these to his church but so hee hath not the seconde And as God hath expressely forbidden to add any thing vnto his law Deut. 4.2 12.32 so Iesus Christ hath cōmāded his disciples to teach only the doctrine which they had heard and receiued of him The second reason The church hath the vse of the keies can bind and loose absolue and excōmunicate Wherfore it followeth that shee hath also authorie to establishe lawes apperteining to the doctrine I answere in one worde that the consequēce is false as it was in the argument last before going for a Lorde or Ruler will in deed giue power and authoritie to his officers to absolue to condemne according to the lawes ordinances but yet it will not folow for al that that he giueth them power of thēselues to make new lawes ouer his people to iudge by them according to their own fantasie So Iesus Christ hath in deed giuen vnto his apostles disciples this power to binde to loose according to his lawes but this is ill concluded to say that therefore he hath giuē thē this power this authoritie of thēselues to make lawes to establishe them in his Church and thereby to binde mens consciences The third reason Iesus Christ hath said Mat. 23.2.3 The Scribes and Pharisees sit in Moses seat all therefore whatsoeuer they bid you obserue that obserue do Heb. 13.17 And the Author of the Epistle to the Hebrwes Obey thē that haue the ouersight of you and submit your selues to thē Wherfore it followeth that we ought to obey the Pastors of the Church in keeping and obseruing their lawes I answere that when wee are commanded to obey our Pastors this ought to be vnderstood so farre foorth as their commandements proceede and come out of Moses chaīre
that is to say out of the word of God For otherwise the Lord protesteth and openly witnesseth that hee is worshipped in vain when men set out and preach for doctrine the commandemēts of men Matth. 15.9 And he himself doth straightly cōmand vs earnestly to take heed beware of the leauen of the Pharises Saduces Touching which matter Mat. 16.6 August in Iohn Tracta 46. Cap. 10. let vs heare Sainte Augustine The Scribes saith hee and the Pharisees sitte in Moses seate doe that therefore which they shall shew vnto you For being set in the chaire or seate of Moses they teach the law of God and so God teacheth by them But if they would teach any thing of their owne heare them not and doe not that which they will say for they seek their owne profite and gaine and not Christes profite In summe then if the Churche make ordeine for vs commaundements drawen and taken from the word of god it is our duetie to receiue them and to yeelde our selues obedient thereto otherwise not For it is not the Churches dutie to goe beyond the boundes of Gods worde in making lawes of her owne head and authoritie inuenting new fashions and maners to serue God by And the rule of our obedience ought alwaies to be the very selfe same worde of God as Cornelius saide vnto Saint Peter Acts. 10.33 Now are we al heere present before God to heare all thinges which are commaunded thee of God The fourth reason wee must obey the voice of the Churche Mat. 18.17 Luke 10.16 as wee haue a commandement giuen vs therfore in these places Mat. 18. Luk. 10. But the lawes commandements of the church are the churches voice wherefore it followeth that we must obey the lawes cōmandemēts of the church I aunswere as aboue is aunswered that wee must obeye the voyce of the Church when it commeth out of Moyses chaire and seate that is to say when her commaundementes shal be taken and set from the word of God and when also the question shall bee of thinges indifferent which shee shall ordeine and establish to keepe good order to serue for edification and the maintenance and vpholding of the discipline For in the things which are contrarie to Gods worde and in those also which of them selues are indifferent but yet become and made euill thorowe superstition to wit because that in them they would place the seruice of God and that they would think by them to deserue Gods grace and the forgiuenes of sinnes in these thinges I say we ought not at any hand to obey Acts. 4.19 5.29 but in such commaundementes of the Church wee ought to say that it is better to obey God then men The fift reason Ester 9.26 27 As in Ester it was ordeined that besides the feastes commaunded in the lawe they should celebrate euerie yeare the feast of lottes which was called Purim 1. Macha 4.59 and in the historie of the Machabees the feast of the dedication called in Greeke by Saint Iohn Iohn 10.22 Encaenia So the Christian church may well at this day ordeine feastes as shall seeme vnto her to be expedient and profitable for the glorie of God and the edification of the people as it hath in time heretofore ordeined the feastes and holie dayes of saint Peter of saint Anthonie of saint Marcellus of saint Margaret and all the rest I answere that there is no likenesse at all betweene the feastes of Purim or lots and of the dedication and these of saint Peter saint Anthonie and such others I deny not but that those two first were in former time established by the church besides the feastes ordeined in the lawe but let vs marke I pray you howe and to what ende Certeinly this was for the glorie of God to bring to their remembrance his great benefices towardes his church that they also might giue him thanks therfore For in Ester it is saide that the feast of Purim or lottes was ordeined by the church for remembraunce of this that the people was deliuered from the cursed conspiracie of Haman And Iudas Machabeus with the consent of the whole church ordeined the feast of the dedication otherwise called Encaenia in remembraunce of the deliueraunce of the people and of the repairing and hallowing againe as it were of the Temple which had beene polluted by Antiochus And wee deny not but that Synodes may ordein certain dayes and solemnely keepe them to the end that the people may cease from their own workes to fast to pray vnto God and to yeeld him thankes according as things shall fall out occasion be ministred so that it be don without superstition idolatrie or euill example But how can we by the examples of the two feastes aforesaide approue or allowe the feastes of the Papacie or Popedome First they were but two onely But in the Popedom there is an infinit number For what measure did they euer keepe in the number thereof Secondly the two aboue spoken of were instituted to the name of God and at no hande to the name of any dead Saints But these are ordeined to the name of creatures and not to the name of God as we heare they cal them the feastes of S. Anthony of S. Frauncis of Saint Vincent of Saint Sebastian of Saint Agathon of the virgine Mary and so of others Thirdly those had their foundation and beginning for the seruice of God and alwayes serued to edification for they were established and appointed as hath beene said to thank God to giue him praise for the benefites which hee had bestowed vpon his Church These had no foundation or beginning but in superstition and idolatrie serue to no other purpose or matter either more or lesse than the feastes and holie dayes of the Paganes and Ethnickes For wherfore is it that the Papistes giue the names of Saintes to their feastiuall dayes but because they meane to sanctifie the saide feastes in the honour of those Saintes as they call them whose name they beare And in so doing do they not set vp the Saintes in Gods place because they serue giue that honour vnto thē which apperteineth to him alone as in olde time the Paganes did in the celebration of their feastes and diuine seruices These are the principall reasons vpon which the Romishe Catholikes grounde them selues thereby to proue that it belongeth to the Church to make lawes to tye mens consciences withall Nowe it remaineth that wee shewe and set downe our reasons to proue the contrarie The first is this It is written in Isaiah Isaiah 33.22 The Lord is our Iudge the Lord is our lawe giuer the Lord is our King Iam. 4. 12. And in Saint Iames. There is one lawe giuer which is able to saue and destroy whereby it is verie clearely seene that it belongeth to God alone to make Ecclesiasticall lawes apperteining to his seruice The second reason
There is none but God alone that can institute and ordeine a lawfull seruice which may be agreeable to himselfe and acceptable in his sight for this cause he him selfe saieth Deut. 12. 8.32 Yee shall not doe after all these thinges that yee doe heere this day that is euery man whatsoeuer seemeth good in his owne eyes but whatsoeuer I commaund you take heed yee do it thou shalt put nothing thereto nor take ought therefrom And in Ieremiah Ier. 7.22 23 I spake not saieth he vnto your fathers nor commaunded them whē I brought them out of the land of Egypt concerning burnt offerings and sacrifices but this thing I commanded them saying Obey my voice and I will be your God and yee shal be my people and walke yee in all the wayes which I haue commaunded you that it may be well vnto you He saieth also by his Prophet Samuell 1. Sam. 15.22 Thinkest thou that the Lord hath as great pleasure in burnt offerings and sacrifices as when his voice is obeyed Behold to obey is better than sacrifice and to hearken is better then the fatte of Rammes Wee may read many such or the lyke sentēces but specially this is notable and excellent that the sonnes of Aaron were horribly burned and consumed with the fire which was sent out from the Lord Leuit. 10.1 c. because they offered straunge fire and which in deede was not commaunded them But wee adde that the lawes which concerne doctrine and by which mens consciences are tied apperteine to the seruice of God And therfore it foloweth that there is none but God alone which can make and establish such lawes The third reason Lawes concerning doctrine and such as binde mens consciences ought to bee vnto vs a testimony pledge of the wil of God But God alone by his word can giue vnto vs this testimony and at no hand or by no meanes men as of them selues Isaiah 40.13 c. Rom. 11.34 For who hath instructed the spirite of the Lord or was his Counsellor or taught him as the scripture saith It followeth thē that God alone may make establish lawes concerning doctrine and which shal serue to binde mens cōsciēces The fourth reason If it belong to the Church to make lawes concerning doctrine the seruice of god this must needs be that she hath receiued the prerogatiue and authoritie from God him self for mē haue not here in their life any power so to doe But so it is that the Church hath not receiued from God this prerogatiue authoritie For cōtrariwise God hath expresly plainly forbidden them to ioyne or adde any thing to his lawe Deut. 4.2.12.32 Wherefore it followeth that it doeth not apperteine to her to make lawes touching doctrine and the seruice of God The fift reason It is necessary that they which make lawes shoulde haue Lordship rule authoritie ouer thē to whom they giue those lawes But the church hath no Lordship or rule ouer the consciences of the faithful 1. Pet. 5.3 for S. Peter speketh with a loud voice plainly That the Pastors Bishops haue not any Lordshippe ouer the Lordes inheritance that is to say ouer the faithful of whō the church is composed made 2. Cor. 1.4 And S. Paul plainly protesteth touching himself that hee hath not any dominion ouer the faith of the Corinthians Wherefore it followeth that the Church may not make or establish lawes to binde the consciences of faithfull people Mat. 15.9 The sixt reason The Lorde saieth In vaine they worship mee teaching for doctrine mens precepts and commaundements 1. Tim. 4.1 c. And S. Paul calleth lawes traditiōs touching forbidding of marriage and vse of meats the doctrine of Deuils Collos 2.16.18 Also he saieth Let no man condemne you in meate and drinke or in respect of an holy day c. Let no mā at his pleasure beare rule ouer you by humblenes of minde and worshipping of Angels By these sentences it is most plaine and euident that the Church ought not nor may not establish any such lawes to binde tye or restraine mens consciences The seuenth reason The lawes which take away from vs that Christian libertie which Christ hath gotten and purchased for vs ought not in any case to be established or tollerated For S. Paule exhorteth vs Galat. 5.1 to stande fast in the libertie wherewith Christ hath made vs free and that we should not be intangled againe with the yoke of bondage But the lawes giuen by men not from God him selfe touching matters which are commended vnto vs with an opinion of necessitie which are required of vs as workes meritorious or as the seruice of God take away frō vs the christian libertie and freedome which Christ hath purchased for vs of this sort are the lawes made touching the obseruatiō and keeping of lent celebration or keping holy of certaine feasts not to eate flesh vpon Friday Saturday and certain other dayes such like things Wherfore it followeth that such lawes ought not in any case to be established set vp tollerated or borne withall But wee wil make or put an end to this Chapiter with two sentences which make altogether for vs Tho. Aquin. in summa part 3. in additio 46. Artic. 6. are altogether against the Romish Catholikes The one is Thomas of Aquine his owne saying thus Because that the church is founded alreadie and grounded in the faith in the Sacraments it doth not belong to the Ministers of the Church to make newe Articles of faith or new Sacraments or to take away those which are alreadie made and established For this is the excellencie and power which belongeth onely vnto Iesus Christ who is the foūdatiō of the church The other sētēce is of Alphōsus de Castro his own conteining these wordes Alphons de Cast aduersus omnes bareses lib. 1. Cap. 8. It may not at any hand bee either done or suffered that the church should establish a new article of faith but that which was in former time the true faith and which notwithstanding was hidden from vs the Church bringeth to passe by her testimony and witnes that the same is made knowne vnto vs And the Abbot is verie much deceiued in the decretals expounding the Chapiter which beginneth Cum Christus that is when Christ c. in the title of Heretikes when he saieth That the pope may make newe articles of faith Hee knew not nor vnderstood not what it was which hee spake and therefore erred and was deceiued as a Shoomaker should be if hee would take vpon him some matter ouer and besides his occupation The sixteenth Chapter Of the afflictions and persecutions of the Church THere are diuers which woulde faine haue a Church of sugar or of veluet as you wold say that is to say that in seruing God they might be exempted from all afflictions Suche were Zebedeus his sonnes Iames
and Iohn who being couetous and greedie of worldly honours and desiring to liue at their case and rest Mark 10.35 c. demaunded of Iesus Christ That hee woulde graunt vnto them to sit in his glorie the one at his right hande and the other at his left But the scripture teacheth vs altogether the cōtrarie that is to say that so long as we haue to walk here below it standeth vs in hand to battell or fight yea to passe thorow the thornes and to be tormented by the malice of the Deuill wicked men his instruments yea so much the more by how much wee shal indeuour and labour sincerely to serue God Which thing also Iesus Christ hath well and sufficiently declared to the abouesaid sonnes of Zebedeus when he answered them Mark 10. 38. Yee knowe not what yee aske Can ye drinke of the Cup that I shal drink of and be baptized with the baptisme wherwith I shal be baptized Meaning therby that the common state cōdition of Christiās is this that they should be exercised in this world by the crosse tribulations before that they can bee crowned And this is the cause wherfore the church is called militant or warfaring so long as it is here below on the earth euē as we haue seene and heard in the first Chapiter And for this verie selfe same cause also Mark 4.36 c. it is compared to a litle shippe altogether tossed vp and downe in the midst of the bellowes or surges and of the tempests of the sea also to grounde continually ploughed ouer Psal 129.3 and thorowe which men make the plough continually to goe to rent or cleaue it to turn it vpside down Therfore also S. Paul saith in the Acts Act. 14.22 That by many tribulations wee must enter into the kingdome of God And in 2. Epistle to Tim. All those that wil liue godly in Christ Iesus 2 Tim. 3.12 shal suffer persecution Iesus Christ saith also vnto his Disciples Iohn 15.20 Remember the worde that I said vnto you that the seruaunt is not greater than his maister If they haue persecuted me Iohn 16.1.2 they wil persecute you also Also These things haue I said vnto you that yee should not be offended They shal excommunicate you yea the time shal come that whosoeuer killeth you wil thinke that hee doeth God seruice And this is the state and conditiō wherein God wil haue his Church to glorifie him here belowe on the earth And in deed the first lesson that Iesus Christ gaue to his Disciples was touching this matter of the Crosse and persecutions If any man saith he wil come after me Matth. 16.24 let him forsake him selfe take vp his Crosse and folow me The experience of all times and ages doth sufficiently shew vnto vs the truth of this matter whether we cōsider somwhat narrowly as well the estate of the auncient Church vnder the old Testament as the state of that which came afterward vnder the new Testament insomuch that it may rightly say Psal 129.1 They haue often afflicted mee frō my youth haue done mee a thousand euils as is saide in the Psalmes For euen from the beginning the Deuil hath alwayes beene like to himself that is to say a lier a murtherer Iohn 8.44 enuious a false and priuie accuser war hath alwayes continued betweene the womās seed the Serpents seed And howe can any man ioyne put together thinges which are of a cōtrarie nature Gene. 3.15 2. Cor. 6.14.15 How can any man make agreement betweene God and the Deuill betweene Christ and Belial betweene the faithfull and the vnbeleeuers Iesus Christ in the third Cap. of S. Iohn sheweth a reasō to declare why it is impossible that the good the wicked shuld suffer one with another agree together Iohn 3.19.20 to wit That all the workes which the worlde doeth are wicked and therefore lest they should bee discouered laide open by the light it hateth the light and loueth darknesse From hence is it that euen frō the beginning of the world enimites between the faithfull and the aduersaries of the trueth haue taken and had their originall and first foundation This is the cause why Cain slue his brother Abell that Lot the faithful seruant of the Lord was hated of the Sodomites that Ishmael mocked Isaac and persecuted him that Esaw went about to oppresse kill Iacob euen from his youth that Ioseph had his owne brethren for his enemies that the Prophetes could not agree with the wicked Kinges nor S. Iohn Baptist with the incestuous Herode nor Iesus Christ with the high Priestes Scribes Pharisees nor the Apostles and Martyrs with the infideles vnbeleeuers of their times And therefore it is meere follie to suppose and thinke that the children of God can euer bee beloued of the worlde Whereupon by good right for good cause S. Iames saith That the amitie of the world Iames. 4.4 is the enimitie of God and hee that will bee a friende of the worlde maketh himselfe the enimie of God Iohn 15.19 And for this cause also Iesus Christ hath saide to his Disciples If yee were of this worlde the worlde woulde loue his owne but because yee are not of this worlde but I haue chosen and separated you out of this worlde therfore the worlde hateth you To bee short if we woulde that the Church of God should bee without persecution then of necessitie must it bee that the worlde shoulde bee without hatred the Deuill without enuie and our nature without vice or sinne But to the ende that wee may specifie and declare certaine thinges A discourse of the ten great persecutions of the Church touching the persecutions of the Church let vs examine as it were one by one the ten persecutions which came vpon it after the death of Iesus Christ vnder the Emperors whereof the Ecclesiasticall historie maketh mention True it is that in the time of Augustus the seconde Emperour the church was muche persecuted vnder the greate Herode who thinking to put to death the King of the Iewes in the verie cradle commaunded men to slaie all the babes and litle children of Bethlehem and of all the borders thereof from two yeares olde and vnder Also vnder Tiberius the third Emperour by Herode Antipas the Tetrarch of Galilee who was the sonne of the first Herode who tooke away his brother Phillips wife and put to death Iohn Baptist because hee reprooued him for that sinne and offence And by Pilate also who condemned and caused to be put to death on the Crosse Iesus Christ the high Priests Scribes Pharises Elders of the people beeing the principall blowers of the fire and chiefe persecutors Moreouer vnder Caius Caligula that horrible monster who was appointed the fourth Emperor in the nine and thirtieth yeare after Christes birth raigned three yeares tenne monethes and
humilitie and in the feare of God and to remaine and abide vnited and ioyned together one of vs with an other diligently keeping thorowe the bande of peace that spirituall vnitie which God commaundeth vs if wee will liue in tranquilitie and enioye some rest here belowe on the earth in the midst of a peruerse and crooked generation And thus muche touching the tenne great and generall persecutions of the Church as wee haue beene able to gather them out of the Historiographers But as we haue before noted that before this the Church was persecuted in the time of the Emperours Augustus Tiberius Caligula and Claudius so we haue to marke that in the time of other Emperours who raigned betweene the time of whom wee haue spoken in the generall persecutions the faythfull people and Christians did not so liue at their ease but that euerie day some newe assaultes were made against them and laide vpon them And after these Emperors yet was not the Church in rest but was afterwards almost euery day assaulted and tormented as for example vnder Galerius a cruell Tyrant who increased the persecution begunne by Dioclesian and vnder certaine others Nowe this is to bee noted that from the first Bishop of Rome vnto Siluester the first of that name who was constituted set vp in the yeere of Christe 314. there were thirtie and two Bishoppes of Rome all them suffered martyrdome Since that time the other Bishops of Rome for the most parte yea almost all haue duely gouerned and behaued themselues in the execution of their charge and offices and in steede of the vowe of martyrdome which their predecessors had they haue vsurped another very trimme haunte they themselues making themselues in steede of the Pagane Emperours Tyrants and persecutors of the Church But yet notwitstanding there were also certaine cruell Emperours vnder whom Iulian the Apostata or in whose dayes the Church suffered very much Iulian the Apostata about the yeere of Christe 363. reigned Emperour about two yeeres He ordeined that the Christians shoulde not bee receiued to warfare and that they should not haue any temporall office touching criminall iudgement meaning thereby any authortie to iudge touching life and death saying he in deed mocking them that by their lawe it was forbidden to vse the sword He made a law by which the goods of the Galileās for so he called the christians should be cōfiscate saying that Christ had commanded them pouertie Hee ordeined and set a certaine punishmente by money vpon them which would not offer Sacrifice and therby founde the meane to get and catche a great some of money and when the christians complained therof it belongeth to you woulde hee say to suffer euilles for your Galilean hath so commaunded you Socrates reciteth all this Socrates lib. 3. cap 13. 14. Valens in his Ecclesiasticall historie lib. 3. Cap. 13. 14. Valens being created Emperour about the yeere of Christe 366. reigned fifteene yeere Hee sent many Bishops Elders and Deacons into exile and caused them to be greeuously tormented vsed great crueltie against the Christian Church Touching which wee will note and put downe a history meet to bee remembred Socrat. lib. 4. cap. 18. Sozom. lib. 16.8 which fel out about the yere of Christ 380 whereof Socrates the historiographer and Sozomen both make mention There was say they in the Citie of Edessa in Mesopo tamia a temple of S. Thomas whereto the Christians did commonly come and wherin they had their ordinary assēblies which thing the Emperour Valens seeing and knowing that this multitude detested his heresie he gaue the Prouost of the Citie a blow with his hād because he had not giuen order to driue from thence the saide Christians Now this Prouost hauing receiued that blow being ready at the point to execute the Emperors commandement against his will and affection not willing also to commit so great a murther against so great a multitude secretly aduertised them and gaue them intelligence to withdrawe them selues that they might not be foūd but none would yeeld to his counsel not fearing any threatning insomuch that on the morrow all assēbled themselues meet together in the aforesaide place as they were accustomed Then as the Prouost of that Citie wente with a great company of souldiers to the saide Temple to put in execution the Emperors commandement a pore woman holding a little child of hers by the hād made hast to goe to martyrdome with her brethren and with the haste which shee made shee brake the ranckes and rowes of the souldiers Wherwith the Prouost being angrie and much moued caused the said woman to come vnto him to whom he saide O cursed woman whither runnest thou so vnorderly thither saith shee whither all the other make hast to goe Doest not thou saith hee vnderstande that the Prouost goeth thyther to murther and kill all those that hee shall finde there I vnderstood it saith shee very wel therfore I make hast that I may be found with thē And whither leadest thou this litle childe said hee The woman saide thither also to the ende that hee likewise may receiue the crowne of martyrdome When the forsaide Prouost vnderstoode these things he maruelled at the courage boldnesse of the Christians and returned towardes the Emperour declating vnto him that al were prepared and readie to indure and suffer death for their faith and that it was not reasonable or meete too put to death in so litle time so great a multitude of people By which worde hee persuaded Valens to moderat and stay his wrath and so the aforesaide faithful people of Edessa escaped death Notwithstanding it is saide in another place that they were afterwardes throwne out of the Citie sent into banishment Wee might in deed easily bring foorth in this place many other examples of persecutions vnder the Emperours but then this discourse or Treatise woulde be ouerlong And also it is certaine that the greatest persecutions haue sithence the abouenamed fallen vpon the poore Church by them that pretended themselues to be the gouerners thereof who had on their side worldly kings and Princes who also gaue them all and shewed them all fauour as the histories of the Martyres both in former ages and also in our time doe yeelde sufficient credite and witnesse thereof so that it is not needefull to insert or alledge in this place any examples thereof But touching this matter of the persecutiōs of the church Points to be marked touching the persecutions of the Church wee haue to obserue and marke certaine points The first reason is that persecutions afflictiōs come not without the prouidēce and appointment of God To this end are to be referred these places Isaiah 45.7 I am the Lorde that forme the light and create darkenesse I make peace and create euill I the Lorde do all these things Amos. 3.6 this is in Isaiah And Amos saith Shall there bee euill
and ouen when he deliuered from death Susanna already condemned when he set Ierusalem at libertie when he brought Saint Peter out of Prison and the other Apostles by the ministerie of an angel And at this day although wee see not angels visiblie roūd about vs yet for all that we ceasse not by experience to feele Gods aide and succour and that after many sortes yea extraordinarie We know also that which is spoken in Zacharias Zachari 2.8 to wit He that toucheth you shal touch the apple of mine eie saith the Lorde For in deede Iesus Christe accoūteth the persecutions which mē bend against his Churche as bente againste his verie owne person which appeareth by the reproofe that he gaue Saint Paule Act. 9.4 saying Saule Saul wherfore doest thou persecute mee who would euer haue looked for such assistance and helpe as God hath bestowed vpon his Church in our time were there at any time more furious and raging persecutions was the pride of the enemies of Gods Church euer greater They spare not wisedome nor counsell nor power nor diligence nor men nor money to the end that the poore Church might be altogether cast down and made ruinous But beholde the prudencie the counsell the might and the wisedome of God is farre aboue all that which setteth it selfe against his greatnesse yea hee worketh miraculouslie by hidden close and secrete meanes insomuch that all the height of the worlde is confounded and ouerthrowne For as the wise man saith Prou. 21.30 There is no wisdome neither vnderstanding nor counsell against the Lord. And in an other place it is saide Psal 33.10 Iob. 5.12.13 The Lord breaketh the counsell of the Heathen and bringeth to naught the deuises of the people the counsell of the Lorde shall stande for euer and the thoughtes of his heart thorowe out all ages To be short we see that the Church hath in time heretofore beene verie aptly and fitly represented Gene. 15.17 by a lampe or firebrand shining in the middest of darke or smoking Furnaise euen as the vision thereof was giuen and shewed to Abraham wherof the reason is assigned and shewed because God would not suffer that his people shoulde bee put out in the middest of darknesse Also by the burning bushe which yet cōsumed not Exod. 3.2 as Moses also saw the vision therof For as the bush was kept safe and sound in the midst of the flame so the Church hath alwayes beene preserued by and thorow the presence of God although the tyrantes and wicked men haue sought to set it on fire vtterlie to destroy it The seuenth pointe That the Church increaseth in the middest of persecutions This is seene from the time wherein vnder the Emperours the Church was persecuted For looke by howe much they inforced them selues vtterly to extinguish and put out the trueth by so muche the faythfull ones were readie and prepared to defende and mainteine the same In the Actes it is saide Act. 4.3.4 That when the persecutors laide handes vpon the Apostles and had put them in prison many of them that had heard the worde at their mouth left not of for all that to beleeue but that the number of beleeuers was increased till it came to bee about fiue thousande persons Also Act. 11.19.20.21 that they which were scattered abroad because of the affliction that arose about Steuen walked throughout till they came vnto Phenice and Cyprus and Antiochia and that some of them which were men of Cyprus and Cyrene when they were come into Antiochia spake vnto the Grecians and preached the Lorde Iesus and that the hande of the Lorde was with them so that a great number beleeued and turned vnto the Lord. Saint Paule speaketh after this maner vnto the Philippians Philip. 1.12.13.14 I would yee vnderstood brethren that the thinges which haue come vnto mee are turned rather to the furthering of the Gospell so that my bands in Christ are famous throughout all the iudgement hall and in all other places Insomuch that many of the brethren in the Lorde are boldened through my bandes and dare more frankly speake the worde And this is that which Dauid hath prophesied touching Christ when hee saide Bee thou ruler in the midst of thine enemies Psal 110.20 The Church compared to a Palme tree to Roses and to Lilies The state of the Church of God is like vnto the state of the Palme tree and like to the condition of Roses and Lilies For euen as the Palme tree the more it is laden and pressed downe the more it groweth stretcheth out or spredeth his boughes in length and breadth so the Church the more shee is persecuted and afflicted the more force courage and liuelinesse shee taketh to her selfe Also as Roses and Lilies are accustomed to flourish among thorns so this is a common thing to the Church to flourish and to increase in the middest of persecutions The Church compared to a Vine or Vineyard Iustinus compareth the Church also to a Vine or Vineyard when he speaketh thus in a speech with Tryphō They euerie day perceiue saieth hee that we which beleeue in Christ Iustinus Martyr de veritate Christiana religionis to in 2 pag. 224. lin 14. cannot bee astonished or amazed by any man or any maner of way let them cut of our heads let them crucifie vs let them cast vs to wild beastes let them torment vs with fire fagot and any other tormentes the more they doe torment vs the more doeth the number of Christians growe and increase no otherwise than when men priune and dresse a Vine or Vineyard they doe it to make it more fruitfull and plentifull For the Vine or Vinyard which God hath plāted and our Sauiour Iesus Christ is his owne people These are in that place almost Iustinus his owne wordes And verely we learn by our owne experience that so many cruell persecutions murthers and slaughters of the Martyrs haue been as it were so many seales in our heartes to seale therein the holie Gospell of Christ so that a good Doctour hath verie rightly saide That the blood of the Martyrs is the seed of the Church The eight point What is the cause for which the church is afflicted and persecuted of the wicked We may verie wel say and rightly confesse that we do iustly deserue by reason of the sins we haue committed to be afflicted by God and persecuted of the world Leuit. 26.14.15 c. For we read in Leuiticus howe God threatneth his people to send vpon them warre plague pestilēce famine and other his roddes if they yeeld not them selues obedient vnto his commaundements Isaiah 5.2.3 c. And in Isaiah he speaketh after this maner Yee inhabitantes of Ierusalem saieth he and ye men of Iudah iudge I pray you betweene mee and my Vineyarde What could I haue done any more to my Vinyarde that I haue not done vnto it I haue hedged
it and gathered out the stones of it and haue planted it with the best plantes and built a Tower in the middest thereof and made a Wine presse therein looking that it should bring foorth Grapes but in steede of Grapes it bringeth foorth wilde Grapes And nowe I will tell you what I will doe to my Vineyarde I wil take away the hedge therof and it shal bee eaten vp I will breake the wall thereof and it shal be troden downe and I will laie it wast Isaiah 24.3.4.5 c. And againe The earth shal be cleane emptied and vtterly spoyled the earth shal lament and vade away for the inhabitants thereof haue transgressed the lawes they haue chaunged the ordinaunces and haue broken the euerlasting couenaunt Therefore shal the curse deuour the earth for the inhabitantes thereof haue done wickedly And therefore shall the inhabitantes of the earth burne and fewe men shall bee left therein Ierem. 25.8.9 c. Also in Ieremiah Because yee haue not heard my woordes beholde I will sende and take to mee all the families of the North and Nebuchadnezzar the King of Babell my seruaunt and I wil bring them against this lande and against the inhabitantes thereof and against all these nations rounde about and I will destroie them and make them an astonishment an hissing and a continuall desolation In this place Isaiah 10.5 the Lord calleth Nebuchadnezzar his seruaunt as in an other place he calleth Saneherib or Ashur The rod of his wrath because hee serueth him selfe with Princes tyrantes and wicked Magistrates and vseth them that hee may by them punish the vngodlines and vnthankfulnesse of his people Isaiah 59.2 Wherefore Isaiah speaketh excellently well That our iniquities haue made a diuision or separated betweene God and vs. And therefore when wee are afflicted and persecuted wee ought to cōfesse and acknowledge that God by that mean punish vs as wee in deed haue rightly deserued it Yet all this notwithstanding we haue to consider and weigh an other cause for which the worlde persecuteth vs which ought to bee a great comfort vnto vs in the middest of our Crosse and Martyrdome For in the first place the world in persecuting vs looketh not to our sinnes but to that religion which wee make profession of which religion in deed the world reiecteth and persecuteth because it knoweth not the Authour thereof and because it is altogether contrarie to his maners and peruerse and wicked orders of life and cōuersation euen as Iesus Christ hath foretolde the same and made his Disciples to see it Iohn 3.19.20 when he said vnto them This is the condemnation that light is come into the worlde and men loued darknesse rather than light because their deedes were euil For euerie man that euill doeth hateth the light neither commeth to light lest his deeds should be reproued Iohn 15.20.21 Also if they haue persecuted mee they will persecute you also But all these thinges will they doe vnto you for my names sake because they haue not knowne him that sent mee Iohn 17.14 And againe Father I haue giuen them thy word and the world hath hated them because they are not of the worlde as I am not of the world Hereby we may see that the right and verie cause of the persecutions of the church is the plaine profession of the trueth righteousnesse and word of God as Saint Paule saieth That That all they which will liue in the feare of God or godly in Christ Iesus 2. Timo. 3.12 shall suffer persecution And also what shoulde bee our consolation and comforte in the middest of the Crosse if this point were not Socrates The answere which Socrates made to his wife was verie apt and fit for the purpose shee lamented because they put him to death wrongfully but he being somewhat moued answered That it was better for him to die an innocent without cause than if he had offēded But how much greater matter and iust cause haue we of comfort and ioy seeing wee knowe that God of his vnspeakeable gentlenesse goodnesse mercy burying all our sins giueth vs ouer or leaueth vs but for a time to suffer vniust persecutions to the end that we bearing the Crosse with Iesus Christ should communicate also and bee made partakers of glorie with him The punishment Saint Augustine hath saide maketh not a Martyre but the cause August And the Deuill hath as well his witnesses and Martyrs as Iesus Christ hath his In former times there were Heretikes which bragged much and boasted wonderously vnder the shadowe colour that men persecuted them And at this day the Anabaptists do in that behalfe the verie selfe same thing yea and that so farre that by this meanes they account them selues blessed and happie Math. 5.10 But we must marke what the scripture saith Blessed are they thus saieth Iesus Christ which suffer persecution for righteousnes sake for theirs is the kingdom of heauē Luk. 6.22 Blessed are you when men hate you whē they separate you reuile you put out your names as euil for the sonne of mās sake If yee bee rayled vpon for the name of Christ saith Saint Peter 1. Pet. 4.14.15.16 Blessed are yee For the spirite of glorie and of God resteth vpon you which on their part is euil spoken of but on your part is glorified But let none of you suffer as a murtherer or as a theefe or as an euil dooer or as a couetous person of other mens goods or as a busie bodie in other mens matters But if any man suffer as a Christian let him not be ashamed but let him glorifie God in this behalfe And this is the marke or badge by which the scripture discerneth the Lordes true Martyres from others that suffer For the wicked men and vngodlie persons doe in deede suffer persecution but in the meane season it so falleth out that they cannot bost them selues for all that to bee true Martyres neither by consequent that they are blessed for they suffer not for righteousnes sake neither to maintein Gods truth as doe the Martyres and witnesses of Iesus Christ Moreouer wee ought to marke that our good God sheweth vs great grace and aduaunceth vs to singular honour when hee vouchsafeth vs meete and worthie to suffer any thing for his names sake when as he might verie iustly if he would haue pursued vs with rigour nay if he woulde haue proceeded against vs by iustice haue punished vs with all kindes and sortes of afflictions sending them to vs and laying the same vpon vs. wherin he dealeth with vs as if a king should take from the Gibbet or Gallows some man who had rightly deserued to be bound thereto and hanged thereon and yet woulde set and appoint him among the chiefe Capitaines of his orders that he might goe to warre and imploy him for the maintenance and defence of his Crown and of his kingdō For who or
and of Peroe the sonne of the foresaid Herode the great by his fourth wife named Marthaca who by violence tooke Herodias from his brother Philippe and caused Iohn Baptist to be beheaded Mat. 14.3 c. Luk. 13.31.32 Luk. 23.11 Iosephus lib. 18. Cap. 9. de Antiquitate Iudaeor Euseb lib. 2. Cap. 4. prepared and laide his Ambushmentes in waite for the Sonne of GOD him selfe and when Pilate sent Christ to him hee mocked him and sent him backe againe with great ignominie and reproch after what manner died hee The Historiographers recite and recorde that hee obeying the motions and prouocations of his shamelesse harlot Herodias and hauing beene condemned by the Emperour Caius Caligula to bee perpetually baninished did miserably finishe his life at Lions amongst the Frenchmen beeing quite and cleane spoyled of all his goods and glorie As concerning Pilate Pilate This wicked and cursed man suffering him selfe to bee wonne by the Iewes yea euen so far that hee condemned Iesus Christ against his owne conscience and hauing exercised and practised diuers cruelties and outrages against the Iewes them selues shewing him selfe alwayes prepared and readie to execute the ordinaunces and commaundementes of the Emperour whatsoeuer wickednesse was therein Supplimen Chro. Eutrop. lib. 7. Cap. 7. Euseb lib. 2. Cap. 7. at the last as it is conteined in the histories in the one and fortieth yeare of our Sauiour Christ hee was sent into exile by Caligula to Lions where the vengeance of God being fallen on him hee was locked vp closed in with such terrible griefes that beating striking him selfe with his owne handes and thinking to finish and end his euils in pricking forward and hasting his owne death he killed him selfe Behold hitherto the horrible example of Gods vengeance vpon these tyrantes and persecutours of the Church For it must in deed needes bee that they which had prouoked God and men against them should so cursedly and wickedly finishe their dayes God they prouoked principally in this that they had warred and fought against his word and men in this that they left not of any crueltie or barbarousnesse which they exercised not against them But as wee haue heeretofore more particularly described the cruell persecutions assaied and executed by the Emperours against the Church generally so we must here speake of their wicked and cursed endes Nero. Wherefore now to begin with Nero Eutropius in his eight booke Eutrop. lib. 8. speaketh thus of his ende A decree was made by the Senate that Nero should be ledde naked openly before all the people and that a forke should be put on his necke that he should bee beaten with roddes vntill that death followed thereof and that afterwardes he should be cast downe from the toppe of a rocke After this manner being forsaken of all he fledde out of the Palace and about midnight went out of the Citie accompanied onely with Pharon and Epaphroditus Neophytus and Spore his Eunuche and being about foure mile of from the Citie he thrust him selfe cleane thorow with one stroke of a sword and because his hand trembled shooke his Eunuch helped him to thrust forward the sword before which time he not finding any man that wold strike him he beganne and tooke vpon him to crie Is it so that I haue neither friende nor enemy I haue liued vilainously but yet I die more vilainously Beholde then what wages and hier this cruel Emperour receiued for his greeuous wickednesses and accursed offences Domitian receiued also the reward and Domitian recompence of his cruelties For hee was slaine in his own Palace by the hands of his owne seruauntes and houshold people his owne wife Domitia beeing consenting thereto and the Senate of Rome decreed and ordeined that his bodie shoulde bee carried and brought to the earth by the buriers after a vile manner and without honour and that all the Images of his person should be beaten downe and cast to the ground Therefore the said Senate also disanulled all his ordinaunces and decrees and called backe all other men which by his authoritie and commaundement were exiled and banished Traian Dion Traian as Dion saieth did no more escape the vengeaunce of God than the rest For first hauing had all his members withdrawne all his bodie without feeling and his senses dulled and stopped vp as it were so that hee conceiued an opinion that hee had beene poysoned moreouer being become full of the dropsie and verie much puffed vp and swollen at the last he dyed verie porely in Selmion a Citie of Sicilia Marcus Antonius Verus Marcus Aurelius otherwise called Marcus Aurelius hauing persecuted the Church at the length died feeling the wrath of God vpon him after this maner Being in the warre of Pannonia The Diall of Princes Cap. 40. which at this day is called Hongarie and keeing besieged a famous Citie in that countrie called Vendebonna and going vpon a certaine night rounde about his Campe to visite his bands and hundreds sodeinlie there fell vpon one of his armes a palsie insomuche that from that time forwarde hee coulde not either put on his garmentes or drawe his sword neither yet beare a speare After this an other sicknesse came vpon him called a Lethargie wherwith he was wonderfully tormēted and troubled Thus being sicke in his Tent he caused a cruell battell and a harde assault to be giuen against that people and the Hungarians insomuch that there was great bloudshead committed on the one side and on the other The Emperour hearing of the euill order amongst his souldiers namely that fiue of his Capitaines were dead and that none of them all coulde there bee founde a certeine heauinesse ceased and possessed his heart insomuch that all thought that vpon a sodeine and as it were in the turning of a hande hee had lost his life and so he continued two dayes and three nightes without hauing a will or minde to behold the light of the firmament or to speake to any man in the world so that his heat was verie great his rest verie litle he had continuall sighinges and groninges a great thirst small appetite to eate no sleepe and aboue all hee had his visage altogether wrinckled his lippes altogether blacke his eyes hollowe and suncke into his head and his tongue swollen without being able to spitte And so a litle while afterwardes not knowing to whom he might commit and commend his soule but as it were one altogether lost and cast away speaking these wordes vnto Commodus his sonne Remembring me of this that I haue come into life I haue nowe no more delight or pleasure to liue But as I knowe not whither death carrieth vs so I feare refuse death it selfe What should I do seeing that the Goddes tell mee not what I shall doe Immediately he roled and turned his eyes and lost his feeling and hauing been in this paine and agonie by the space of more than a quarter of
his mirrour or glasse the thirteene booke Vincentius in specul lib. 13. cap. 2. Marcel histo 2. and seconde Chapter Notwithstanding that booke which is called the Sea of Histories saith that being taken at the forenamed Marsilles hee there hanged himselfe with a halter being threscore yeeres olde Beholde a summarie and short description of the horrible punishmentes which the Lorde sent vpon the ten Emperours vnder whome and in whose dayes the tenne great persecutions against the Church fell out and were committed Now as the Emperors which succeded those did not all withholde themselues from persecuting the poore Christians so the hande of GOD was not shortened but that punishmente and vengeance was executed vpon the persecutors For that which Saint Cyprian saide in the Apologie or defence hee made against Demetrianus the Gouernour Cyprianus contra Demetrianum is verie true to witte that verie hardlie there was any man at any time who through wickednesse lifted vp him selfe against the Christians but that incontinently therevpon Gods vengeance and iustice followed him and pursued him therefore Galerius Volaterran li. 23 Galerius a cruell Emperour or rather in deed a tyrant hath verie well tryed and proued the same for hauing continued and increased the persecution begunne by Diocletian and hauing with all maner of punishmentes tormented the Christians both cruelly and furiously at the last hauing raigned thirteene yeares not beeing able to abide the tormentes and paynes of a certaine sicknesse wherewith hee was taken and helde thorowe impaciencie hee slue himselfe with his owne hande And some say that in the time of his sicknesse hee put his Phisitions to death because they coulde not heale him of which one declared said That his disease proceeded from the vengeance of God The death of Iulian the Apostata Iulian the Apostata may very well also testifie what end the persecucutors of gods childrē may looke waite for For the histories declare Theoderit lib. 3. cap. 25. Volaterran lib. 23. that he continuing the war against the Persiās which was begunne by the Emperours his predecessours and vpō the way hauing made a vowe againe to shed and spill the Christians blood and namely in Ierusalem and to make them or set them out openly as a shewe in some solemne place if hee came againe victorious and a conquerer as hee was entred into a desart and wildernesse he and his armie wandering vp and down together without guide or leading he was sodenly taken and striken with a stroke either of an arrow or a sworde or of some other weapon for none knoweth as the historiographers say wherewith or howe hee was striken and so dying in dispaire hauing not as then raigned twelue whole yeeres hee cried out with a horrible blasphemie keeping and holding his blood which gushed into his hand and casting it into the aire said O Galilean for so in desspite hee was wont to call Christe at the last thou hast ouercome thou hast ouercome Valens Theod. lib. 4. Cap. 19. Valens also did very well feele know the power of Gods vengeance in his miserable death It is saide of him that hauing receiued the doctrine of the Arrians a certain season after that he harkened vnto the instruction of Basil and receiued it but straight wayes hee returned to his former naturall disposition and assalted and set vpon Basil and when it so fell out that hee coulde not perswade him to ioyne or take part with the Arrians hee commanded that a Lawe and Decree shoulde bee made for his banishment And when hee was minded to subscribe the saide decree the pen was found bruised after a sodeine and maruellous maner so that hee coulde not therewith make a stroke only or signe of a letter They brought vnto him the second penne yea euen the thirde and it fell out in thē as with the first and notwithstāding hee yet indeuoured to vndersigne subscribe ratifie that decree but he felt that his right hande shoke and trembled Socrates lib. 4. cap. 36. Theodoret. lib. 4. cap. 36. Sozomen lib. 7. cap. 40. and then being feared hee tare the paper But shortly after hee died wickedly For in a certaine battaile which he had against the Gothes who rebelled against him being inforced thereto through famine and hunger hee was hurt with an arrowe Wherefore he fled and withdrewe himself into a small graunge or farme house in the fieldes with some of his people and being close or hidden there the Gothes set fire on it not knowing that Valens was therin and there he was burned all aliue And to the end that they which shoulde come after might haue a more euidēt testimony that this was in deede a punishment sent from God and that also in this wicked person there might alwayes be had an example of the wrath of God he remained without any buriall at all But when will it be that we shall make an ende if wee woulde largely pursue and recite the Catalogue or beadrole as you woulde say of tyrants and persecutors of the Churche who for a iust recompence of their cruelties haue beene punished by the hand of God and died miserably Wee should not want examples of former ages neither yet of our time For God hath alwaies had care ouer his Church maintaining it and punishing the riottes and murthers committed against it yea hee will alwayes mainteine it and will exercise and execute his iustice vpon them which would oppresse it because hee accounteth it as deare Zachari 2. 8. as the apple of his eye whiche shoulde bring vnto vs a singular comfort and instruction For it serueth well to comfort vs when we vnderstand that we haue a keeper and defender in heauen who in the middest of our afflictions will not forsake vs no not then when it seemeth vnto vs that the whole worlde conspireth and ariseth against vs. On the other side we ought to receiue and take instruction therby because that wee heare that God taketh vengeance in his good time and as pleaseth himselfe vpon them which persecute his Church to the end that we should spoyle our selues of and cast farre from vs all particuler affections or motions of reuengement and shoulde leaue the iudgemēt of our cause vnto god to whō alone as he saith Vengeāce to repay the same Deut. 32.35 Rom. 12.19 doth belong when he shall see good and meete And notwithstanding the tyrants and persecutors haue to learne by the aboue saide examples to haue in horror and wonderfull feare the great iudgements of God and to knowe that albeit God doe for a time defer and put of the punishment of those which ragingly and furiously fall vpon his welbeloued Saints yet such are not for all that any whit the more blessed The furie and wrath of God as one hath said walketh and goeth verye softly Valerius Maximus in his historie but after it hath beene long time deferred or foreslowed it doeth at the last
recompence that slownesse as it were long forebearing by very terrible torments yea it commeth and draweth nigh by little and little with feete of wooll as it were but being once arriued and come it declareth that it hath an arme of iron to bruise in peeces beat downe all vnrepentant wicked persons O blessed is he as a certaine Poet hath sayde who is made wise by an other mans daungers and examples I wishe that this might open the eies of the men of our time who doe openly bande and set themselues againste God and his Church For some there bee who are so arrogant and presumptuous that they take pleasure delight in no other thing then to murther and persecute poore innocent people as though they had made a couenant or agreement with death it self as Isaiah saith They lift vp thē selues aboue the clowdes Isaiah 28.15 neither haue they any tast or feeling of the iudgement of God and therefore they harden them selues in a cursed kinde of licentiousnesse But so much there is that their ende if they amend not shall make manifest an alteration and chaunge not looked for by which the Lorde when so seemeth good vnto himselfe knoweth rightly to execute his own iudgemēts yea that his hande although it appeare not that it seemeth as thogh hee had it shut vp in his bosome is notwithstanding nigh to ouerwhelme them and where as they lift vp them selues against heauen that hee will in a moment and twinkling of an eye make them to fal backwarde to the earth yea and cast them headlong to the deapth or bottome of Hell O that tyrants persecutors would thinke well of these matters But what What should a man doe to hard heartes and to blinded eies The wicked become more proude through the prosperitie which they haue in this worlde as though that no punishmēt for their cruelties were prepared for them It fareth with them as with Dionysius the tyrant who after he had spoyled and robbed a temple went to the Sea and seeing hee had a good wind beganne to say that the Gods fauoured Churche robbers or spoylers of temples So likewise these men when they beholde that their offences remaine vnpunished that their villanies wickednesses are not corrected immediatly they giue them selues ouer to worke wickednesse outragiously and to conclude in their carnal fleshly vnderstāding that there is no iudgement of God at all and that hee hath no punishments redy and prepared for their iniquities But as the holy Scripture determineth and pronounceth the quite and cleane contrary so ordinary and common experience of the examples of gods wrath doeth sufficiently shew vnto vs that when god spareth the wicked persecutors of his people for a time and maketh as though hee seemed not to looke vpon their extortions outrages and violences it is not because hee is fauourable vnto them neither because hee reacheth them his hande and helpeth them for it cannot otherwise bee but that one day as hee is a iuste iudge hee wyll giue vnto the enimies of his glorie and the good and saluation of his Children suche recompence and hyre as they shall haue deserued first in this life if it bee expedient that they may shamefully and wickedly ende their daies and afterwardes in the other worlde that they may vtterly perishe if they repent and amend not in this life and may bee tormented eternally in Hell fire where there is nothing but weeping and wailing and gnashing of teeth FINIS ¶ A Table conteining the principall matters handled in this present booke A AFflictions and the causes thereof Page 333. c. Afflictions of the church 274. Afflictions of the Church and the ends which God respecteth therein 340. Afflictions of the Church increase when the deliuerance thereof is nigh 325. Afflictions of the Church is alwayes ordered and gouerned by Gods hande 321. Afflictions come not without the prouidence of God 318. Afflictions and their issue in respect of the faithfull 345. Afflictions and their issue in respect of the persecutors 357. Ancientes 133. Antiochus 359 Apostles 128. Archebishops 69. 144. Aurelian 304 372. Augustine and in what sense he saide that hee would not beleeue the Gospel without the authoritie of the church 222. Auncient fathers did not acknowlege the bishop of Rome for Pope 92. c. B BBaptisme of the Roman Church 115. Bishop 69. 133. 143. Bishop vniuersal is a title of Antichrist when it is giuen to men 94. C CAlling see Vocation Cardinals 146. Censures 247. Censures three endes thereof 252. Censures of the Church must be applied with out respect of persons 255. Chaplines 140. Councels 202. Consistorie 241. Corrections and censures 247. Curates 142. Church whence it commeth 2. Church how many waies taken 2. Churche which is true hath two substantiall markes 15. Church and her continuance 55. Church and her head is Iesus Christ alone 68. Church and her holinesse 184. Church compared to a Palme tree roses lilies and to a Vine 332. Old Church of Rome what a one it was according to Tertullian his iudgement 106. Church catholike is one alone 11. Church catholike inuisible what it is 7. Church distinguished into three sortes 4. Church in what sense called the piller groūd of trueth 200. Church in what sense saide to be without spot or wrinckle 189. Church whether aboue the scripture 213. Church whether more old then the scripture 220. Church must not be iudged by the great number 58. Church whether it may erre 197. Church why called catholike 9. Church why saide to bee inuisible 12. Church represented by a bright lampe or firebrand in the middest of a burning or smoking furnace 330. Church represented by the burning bush 330. Church of Rome hath not the markes of the true church 19. Church of Rome is not the true church 102. Church of Rome hath not true vnitie 113. Church increaseth in the middest of persecutions 330. Church visible what it is 14. D DEcius 299.370 Deacons 136. Diaconisses 244. Dioclesian 305. 373. Discipline necessarie in the Church 235. Discipline incrocheth nothing vpon the magistrate 237. Doctors 132. Domitian 283. 365. Donation of Constantine to Siluester 87. E EVangelistes 130. Excōmunication 3. endes therof 252. Exposition of Scriptures and two principles necessary therein 20. Elders 135. G GAlerius 376. Galien 302. God deliuereth his church out of afflictions when it is time 327. God why he afflicteth rather his church then other people 319. God why he sendeth not succour to his church so soone as it is afflicted 323. H HEad of the church is Iesus Christ alone 68. Herode Agrippa 362. Herode Antipas 362. Herode the great 360. High or chiefe Bishop 97. Holinesse of the Church vnperfect 187. I IGnorance excuseth not 125. Iulian the Apostata 313. 377. K Keyes in the Church and the vse thereof 79. L Lawes Ecclesiasticall 258. M MArcus Aurelius 293. 357. Maximianus Herculien 305. 373. Maximinus 298. 369. Metropolitanes 69. 144. 149. Ministerie and howe much shoulde bee giuen thereto 179. Ministerie of the worde ordeined by God for our weakenesse sake 177. Ministerie necessary in the Churche 160. Ministers considered after two sortes 180. Ministers of the church their degrees or orders 128. Miracles are not sufficient to proue a calling 53 Multitude maketh nothing at al for the church 58. N Nero. 184. 364. O Orders of the Pope his cleargie 139. P POpe 97. 152. Pope and his blasphemies 75. Popes two at Rome at one time 91. Pastors 131. Patriarches 69. 149. Paule shoulde rather bee taken for Pope then Saint Peter 100. Persecutions of the Church 274. Persecutions of the Church ten great and general a discourse thereof 279. Persecutions come not without Gods prouidence 318. Persecution the first vnder Nero. 281. Persecution the second vnder Domitian 283. Persecution the third vnder Traian 284. Persecution the fourth vnder Marcus Aurelius 293. Persecution the fift vnder Seuerus 296. Persecution the sixt vnder Iulian Maximinus 298. Persecution the seuenth vnder Decius 299. Persecution the eight vnder Valerian and Galien 302. Persecution the nienth vnder Aurelian 304. Persecution the tenth vnder Dioclesian and Maximianus 305. Pharao 358. Peter whether he were Bishop of Rome is vncertaine 98. Peter was not the head of the Church 71. Pilate 363. Pontifex or high Bishop 97. Predecessours of ours who died in the faith of the Romane church whether saued or condemned 126. Priestes 140. Prophetes 129. Parsons 158. S SAbaoth changed to the Sunday 228. Sanctitie or holinesse of the churche is vnperfect 187. Sanctification how wrought in vs. 186. Sanctification and three degrees of it 69. Saincts in what fense wee are called 185. Sancherib 358. Seuerus 296. 269. Succession and three sortes thereof 26. Succession to what ende and in what sense the auncient Doctors vsed an argument taken there from 28. Sucession personall hath some times had a breache in the seate of Rome 35. Succession and calling of persons 24. T TRaian 284. 356. Teachers 132. V VAlens the Emperour 314. 378. Valerian 362. 371. Vicars 140. Vnitie in veritie is not in the Romishe church 113. Vocation of Pastors three thinges necessarie therein 39. Vocation ordinarie and extraordinary 47. FINIS