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A22011 Toxophilus the schole of shootinge contayned in tvvo bookes. To all gentlemen and yomen of Englande, pleasaunte for theyr pastyme to rede, and profitable for theyr use to folow, both in war and peace ... Ascham, Roger, 1515-1568. 1545 (1545) STC 837; ESTC S104391 106,118 194

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pastimes as one Balbinus through blinde affection preferred his louer before all other wemen although she were deformed with a polypus in her nose And although shooting maye be mete sometyme for some scholers and so forthe yet the fittest alwayes is to be preferred Therefore if you will nedes graunt scholers pastime and recre ation of their mindes let them vse as many of thē doth Musyke and playing on instrumentes thinges moste semely for all scholers and moste regarded alwayes of Apollo the Muses TOX. Euen as I can not deny but some musike is fit for lerning so I trust you can not chose but graunt that shoting is fit also as Calimachꝰ doth signifie in this verse Both merie songes and good shoting deliteth Appoll● Cal. hym ● Butas concerning whether of them is moste fit for learning and scholers to vse you may saye what you will for your pleasure this I am sure that Plato and Aristotle bothe in their bookes entreatinge of the cōmon welthe where they shew howe youthe shoulde be brought vp in ii●i thinges in redinge in writing in excercise of bodye and singing do make mention of Musicke all kindes of it wherin they both agre that Musike vsed amonges the Lydians is verie ill for yong men which be studentes for vertue and learning for a certain nice softe and smoth swetnesse of it whiche woulde rather entice thē to noughtines than stirre them to honestie An other kinde of Musicke inuented by the Dorians they both wonderfully prayse alowing it to be verie fyt for the studie of vertue learning because of a manlye rough and stoute sounde in it whyche shulde encourage yong stomakes to attempte manlye matters Nowe whether these balades roundes these galiardes pauanes and daunces so nicelye fingered so swetely tuned be lyker the Musike of the Lydians or the Dorians you that be learned iudge And what so euer ye iudge this I am sure that lutes harpes all maner of pypes barbitons sambukes with other instrumentes euery one whyche standeth by fine and quicke fingeringe be cōdemned of Aristotle Aristot. pol. ● 6. as not to be brought in vsed amonge them whiche studie for learning and vertue Pallas when she had inuented a pipe cast it away not so muche sayeth Aristotle because it deformed her face but muche rather bycause suche an Instrumente belonged nothing to learnynge Howe suche Instrumentes agree with learning the goodlye agrement betwixt Apollo god of learninge Marsyas the Satyr defender of pipinge doth well declare where Marsyas had his skine quite pulled ouer his head for his labour Muche musike marreth mennes maners sayth Galen although some man wil saye that it doth not so but rather recreateth and maketh quycke a mannes mynde yet me thinke by reason it doth as hony doth to a mannes stomacke whiche at the first receyueth it well but afterwarde it maketh it vnfit to abyde any good stronge norishynge meate ●rels anye holsome sharp● and quicke drinke And euen so in a maner these Instrumentes make a mannes wit so softe and smoothe so tender and quaisie that they be lesse able to brooke stronge and tough studie Wittes be not sharpened but rather dulled and made blunte wyth suche sweete softenesse euen as good edges be blonter whiche menne whette vpon softe chalke stones And these thinges to be true not onely Plato Aristotle Galen proue by authoritie of reason Herodotus in Clio. but also Herodotus and other writers shewe by playne and euident example as that of Cyrus whiche after he had ouercome the Lydians and taken their kinge Cresus prisoner yet after by the meane of one Pactyas a verye headie manne amonges the Lydians they rebelled agaynste Cyrus agayne then Cyrus had by an by broughte them to vtter destruction yf Cresus being in good fauour with Cyrus had not hertelie desyred him not to reuenge Pactyas faulte in shedynge theyr blood But if he would folowe his counsell he myght brynge to passe that they shoulde neuer more rebel agaynst hym And y● was this to make them weare lōg kyrtils to y● foot lyke woomen and that euerye one of them shoulde haue a harpe or a lute and learne to playe and sing whyche thinge if you do sayth Cresus as he dyd in dede you shall se them quickelye of men made women And thus lutinge and singinge take awaye a manlye stomake whiche shulde enter pearce depe and harde studye Euen suche an other storie doeth Nymphodorus an olde greke Historiographer write Nymphod of one Sesostris kinge of Egypte whiche storie because it is somewhat longe and very lyke in al poyntes to the other and also you do well ynoughe remembre it seynge you read it so late in Sophoclis commentaries Comment in Antig. I wyll nowe passe ouer Therefore eyther Aristotle and Plato knowe notwhat was good and euyll for learninge and vertue and the example of wyse histories be vainlie set afore vs or els the minstrelsie of lutes pipes harpes and all other that standeth by suche nice fine minikin finge●ing suche as the mooste parte of scholers whom I knowe vse if they vse any is farre more fitte for the womannishn●sse of it to dwell in the courte among ladies than for any great thing in it whiche shoulde helpe good and sad studie to abide in the vniuersitie amonges scholers But perhaps you knowe some great good nesse of suche musicke and suche instrumentes wher vnto Plato Aristotle his brayne coulde neuer attayne and therfore I will saye no more agaynst it PHI. well Toxophile is it not ynoughe for you to rayle vpon Musike excepte you mocke me to but to say the truth I neuer thought my selfe these kindes of musicke fit for learninge but that whyche I sayde was rather to proue you than to defende the matter But yet as I woulde haue this sorte of musicke decaye amonge scholers euen so do I wysshe from the bottome of my heart that the laudable custome of Englande to teache chyldren their plainesong and priksong were not so decayed throughout all the realme as it is Whiche thing howe profitable it was for all sortes of men those knewe not so wel than whiche had it most as they do nowe whiche lacke it moste And therfore it is true that Teucer sayeth in Sophocles Seldome at all good thinges be knowen how good to be Before a man suche thinges do misse out of his handes Sophocle● in A●ac● That milke is no fitter nor more naturall for the bringing vp of children than musike is both Gallen proueth by authoritie and dayly vse teacheth by experience For euen the litle babes lacking the vse of reason are scarse so well stilled in suckyng theyr mo ther 's pap as in hearynge theyr mother syng Agayne how fit youth is made by learning to sing for grammar and other sciences bothe we dayly do see and Plutarch learnedly doth proue and Plato wiselie did alowe whiche receyued no scholer in to his schole that had not learned