neuer knewe so muche in himselfe before that tyme blamed his wyfe in that shee had neuer admonished hym thereof to whome his wife modestly excusinge herselfe sayde husband be not angrye with mee for I thought that all mennes mouthes had smelled so and therfore I kept silence Armenia also comminge home from a royal feast made by kinge Cyrus when all men for the comlynesse of his person highly praysed Cyrus shee beinge demaunded by her husband what shee thought of the dignity and feature of that king husband quod she I neuer turned myne eyes from you and therefore what an other mannes feature is I am vtterlye ignoraunte In the education or bringinge vp of chyldren there are two thinges especiallye to be considered wherof the one chiefly appertayneth to the mother the other vnto the father himselfe the firste reason concerneth the meanes to lyue the seconde to lyue well the firste because it is and falleth for Home belongeth to the dutie of the mother whiche ought to bee the gouernesse of the housholde matters accordinge to the prescribed ordinaunces enioyned her by her husbande The matrone therefore that is with childe ought to forecast and consider that shee must bring foorth a chylde and greate dyligence must shee take that in no respecte shee hurte the chylde within her bodye before it bee broughte into the worlde and especiallye shee muste cherishe her owne bodye and take her meate wyth modestye feedinge vppon suche kynde of foode as may nourishe and strengthen her younge one and not that whiche maye weaken it and shee shall shunne to muche Slouthe a moderate Walkinge for her is profitable and healthfull and causeth farre more easie deliueraunce in childebyrthe Shee shall also beware of all vehemente laboures especiallye daunsinge whiche thinge by example HYPPOCRATES confirmed For when a certayne woman coulde not auoyde the receyued Seede of man shee desired his deuise to helpe her that the Seede shoulde not prosper whome hee counsayled euerye daye by iumpinge and daunsinge to styrre the Seede and so the seauenth day by meanes of her leapinge and daunsing she brought foorth an vnperfect conception couered ouer wyth a lyttle thinne rymme or skinne suche as wee see is in an egge betweene the shell and the yolke Some women keepe suche Reuell rexe and coyle in daunsinge and leapinge at banquettes and feastes that for verye payne they eyther procure abortion before the tyme or elles bringe the same foorthe verye weake and feeble other to th ende to seeme pretye and slenderer vnto their louers do gyrd themselues so straight that they hurt themselues their bellies also thereby very much some cramme fill their bellies with dayntye fare and wyne euen tyll they surphet agayne and very many women vse to cloye their stomackes wyth sower fruite and vnrype apples I let passe to speake of their lustes and certayne beastly pranckes not by speache to be vttered wherby they do not onelye trauaile before their tyme but also do bring forth into the worlde lothesome monsters After that the lyttle infante shal be borne whiche not longe agone the mother knewe not because it was closed in her wombe let her wyth her Dugges and with that Fountayne nourishe and foster it whiche prouident Nature hath wyth suche plentifulnes prepared in her breast Worst of all in myne opinion do suche women deserue of their children which put their babes out to noursing and at that tyme when they haue most neede of their mothers helpe committinge theym vnto younge huswyues and countrye nourses suche vnto whom in deede some woulde not committe a younge kytlinge if they had anye pleasure in it furthermore they are not whole mothers but rather appeare to be halfe mothers whiche straight waye put out to nursinge theyr owne naturall chylde denye to geeue it sucke whom euen nowe in their owne wombe wyth their owne bloud they nourished do they perswade theimselues that theyr neepples and duggs are by nature geeuen them for an ornamente or beautifiynge of theyr breast and not to the nourishmente of their chyldren ▪ But wee do knowe some women which wyth slybbersauces and medecines do drye vp and stoppe that most sacred Fountayne the nourisher of Mankinde yea not wythout greate daunger of they re owne healthes to the end forsooth they may appeare the more beautifull and in the eyes of theyr Louers more pleasaunte and acceptable Let no good mother suffer her chylde to be infected wyth the contagion of mylcke drawen from another womans breastes and let her in so doinge performe the poynte of a whole and entiere parent deseruinge well of her childe whom shee shall thereby make more readye to requite recōpēce her whē it shal grow to further yeares of discretion if it shall perceyue that it hath not at any tyme bene defrauded of the mothers fosteringe and nourishemente in the firste beginninge of lyfe for the benefite of the mothers breaste was among the Auncientes had in such reuerence and regarde that what soeuer hard or difficulte request the mothers were to craue at the handes of their childrē their fashion was to request the same for by the mylcke whiche they gaue vnto theym in their Infancye and babeshippe For what pleasaunter delights or pleasures can there be then a younge sucklinge chylde whose lispinge speache prety endeuouringes to bring out hys wordes his swete laughter and the pleasaunt mothers speach agayne vsed to her sayd chylde seemes to me farre to surpasse all other counterfeict scoffers or iesters Neyther nede Apes or little dogges to bee soughte for there to sport themselues wythall where little babes do creepe about the house The members and tender partes of younge chyldren are to be fashioned by the Nourses handes and the lytle Infantes bodye to be wrapped and bounde with a swathinge bande from the shoulders euen downe to the ancle but yet somewhat looser about the breaste and bulke for the bredth or largenes of those partes do make very muche to the dignitie and strengthninge of a man and somewhat straighter about the stomacke and about the nether partes of the bellye the better to confirme and strengthē the same and that the Bellye beare not out aboue comlye proportion Aristotle also affirmeth that cryinge is profitablie geeuen by nature vnto chyldren for hee thinketh that it is an indeuour or striuing vsed by the chylde to his encreasinge and that it helpeth much to stretch out the breast and hart stringes wherfore hee prescribeth the Nurse not to force the childe from cryinge Women conceyued with child ought to haue great care of themselues least that they be deliuered before their time or miscary in child bearing which thing that we may haue foreknowledge of Hyppocrates teacheth for eyther he sayth the infant moueth styrreth in the mothers wombe vpon the 70. or ells 90. daye it expresseth y it is eyther the seuenth or nynthe moneth wherein shee shall be delyuered of her
many daungerous chaunces in a Cyttye Al princes or magistrates may here ymy tate the care of Alexander for his subiects in prouidinge corne and victuels Good order for corne to be kept Good order for the church Good order for stretee and highvvayes Good order for conduites and common Sevvers Prayse of Adrianus Caesar Phocions modest aunsvver in refusinge giftes and tressures senâ— hym Lotos some doe suppose to be a tree Possession of landes in common vveale An ouerseer to order housholde affayres Housholders Such masters such familye seruauntes Remorse of the maister tovvardes his seruants fidelity Hovv the may ster ought to entreate his seruauntes A vvicked exaÌ„ple of a vvicked seruaunt Welvsinge of hyred seruauntes ExaÌ„ple of matrimony Trade of lyuinge The man to bringe in the maintenaunce of houskeping by trauayl abroade The vvoman to saue kepe that is brought and to ouersee it at home Nature in the childe oughte to be careful for coÌ„fortinge the parentes in olde age Comfortable to haue chyldien Death to theym that leaue children behinde them is less greuous Death of the that vvant Issue brought in obliuion Causes necessarye vvhy the ciuill man shoulde mary a Wyâ—e Socrates and his curst Wyfe Metellus bys oracion coÌ„cerninge mariage Example of husbande hys faythfull loue tovvardes hys Wyfe ExaÌ„ple of the Wyues faythful loue tovvardes their husbandes ExaÌ„ple of tòo much cherishing cockâ—ing of childreÌ„ A shamelesse â–ª aunsvvere of a shameles stroÌ„pet Some Women delightinge in filthy talke declare the filthines of their poluted mynde The husbands vvordes levvdlye vttered corrupt the levvd disposition of the Wyfe Adultery sharpely punished by the Persians Women stomacke much to haue their husbandes kepe an harlot Solon his lavv for punishinge adultery An hard thing to chose a vvife vvell Good parents bring vp good chyldren Choyse of a Wyfe Equality in choyse The age for man and vvoman to marye Orderly instruction to be geuen by the maÌ„ to the vvyfe Secretes of Wedlocke betvven man and Wyfe ought not to be reuealed The doting soÌ„dnes of CaÌ„ daules ouer â—is fayre vvyfe hovv hee vvas for thâ— same slayne Tvvo precepts to be obserued by the husbaÌ„d tovvardes his vvyfe The husbands charge abrode The couetous man good to none but hurâ— ful to all A couetous maÌ„ compared to an hungrye dogge Ordering of houshold necessaries Safe layde vp sone found A moderate diet and measurable apparel Wyse Women feare euil â—eportes The true ornaments of a Woman Chastitye the speciall oâ—nament in a Woman â–ª Example of chastitye A second ornamente of vvomen is to haue pretye and tovvardly children Vertuous chyldren the righâ—e Ievvelles of dearest estimation vnto pareÌ„tes Curiositie of a simpering pâ—ik medayntye Woman shaâ— faste WomeÌ„ ought to be restrayned from much fiâ— kinge and gadding abrode Domestical discord The vvyfe no stomacker or resister Wydovves'ma â—yinhe agayne make men iudge them to do it for luste and lecherye Annia a vvorthye vvydovv her aunsvvere touching mariage the second tyme. First loue is moste stedfast A modest aunsvvere of a chast Ladye ConsideratioÌ„s in the education of chyldreÌ„ Matrones vvith chylde A vvicked demaunde of a Woman in an vngodly practise Daunsinge dauÌ„gerous for Women that â—â—e vvith child Strait gyrding Tospotvvome Frute eaters Naturall mothers are naturall nurses Good mother good nurse Orderinge and tendering the members of children For Women to knovve the full time of goinge vvith childe and vvhen to be deliuered Hovv a lustye and healthfull man disposeth his tyme. Hovv to deale vvith children in teachig theÌ„ Infancy of the childreÌ„ is the mothers charge to loke vnto Memorye in children is the best token of Wytte. Cherishing of children Blushing in children a sign of good nature The fathers care to prouide a good Schole maister for his children A rich man vn â–ª learned Tvvo kyndes of lerning not preindicial for the chylde to practise at one instante Commodities proceding of Learninge Children of dul and meane vvytes hovve to be emploid Solonsla vve for the chylde that is not nur tered and vvâ—l instructed by his father Better to be vnborne then vntaught Epaminondas Example of a ryottous persoÌ„ reclaymed Young men must be exercised Ciuilitye What a ciuill man is Society humane vvherun to it tendeth â–ª Examples of Bees Comparison of the state of a comon vveal vnto a Shippe Concord in a râ—aâ—me CoÌ„moditye by concorpe Example of ciuill discorde Reason ought to rule our affections Fovver eÌ„ardinal vertues Concord in musicke Good reporte and fame for vvell doing Worthy actes of Hercules Hovv vvhy Bacchus vvas deified and made a God. Triptolemus Isis A vvise man vvil neither do yll nor suffer any to be done by his vvyll The citizeÌ„ carefull for himself and his family Prayse of Africanus for his bountie Prayse of Titê° Vespasianus Liberality and thankfulnes Gratitude Periurye Rashe speache Cato vsed restraint of speache Silence â— Aristotles aduise to Calisthene â–ª touchinge silence Flattery muste be eschevved Diogenes Hurt of slatterers Rasnnes of anger InconuenieÌ„ce of anger Example of furious anger in Alexander Dyonisius Not good to doe any thing vvhile anger losteth Hovv Architas qual ified his anger Manns age by the opinion of Philosophers Manns age deuided by seuen yeares Mannes life deuided into fovver equal nuÌ„bers compared to the fovver seasons of the yeare Children Yongmen Manhode Oldemen Extreeme olde age Man may not vvish for long â—yfe ModeratioÌ„ in dyet Gourmandise surphet and belly cheare Ryotous persons Smelfeases Prodigality ryot of Albidi us Exercise and la â—â—ur a good sâ—â—â— for meat Darius Good vvay to procure a stomacke Epicure Belly gods Husbandrye purueyghour of many neces saries Banqueting Ryot and couetousnes vvo plagues Manner of apparel Vnnecessarye expences must be forborne Funeralles Costly funeralles of the Egiptians reproued Scythians absurd maner of burying their kinges IndiaÌ„s sauage maner in burialles Semiramis Couetousnes Couetusnes of king Darius reproued Monument reuerently pre scrued Cicero and Sa lust at dissention Cicero his auÌ„svvere vnto Salust Nobility Example of Iuba Succession of offices The spiritualtye ought to be mayntayned by the lyuinges of the Churche Pouertie not relieued Husbandmen A good citizeÌ„ a good husband â–ª Gardens and Orchardes Merchaunt straungers hovv they are to be entertayned in a cittye True Citizens Straungers Appius Claudius Repyners at others vvel doinge Enuie described Example of envye Periander a buggerer Pausanias Complaintes of pore oppressed suters must not be reiected Fayre smoth Wordes The Senate in dâ—â—bt Abstlnence froÌ„ ciuyl bludshed Naughty meÌ„bers in a common vvealth must bee cut of Comunalty of Rome refrayned from spoylinge one an other Seueritye of Iustice Fauour and mercie of the conquerours and victors tovvordes theym that be ouercome At vvhat yeares an officer may be chosen Apt names for Citizens Choyse in buyinge of Lands Choyse of ground in building of a City Discommodiâ—y of standing vvaters Italye a temperate nacion People bred vp in cold couÌ„tryes People of the Southpartes Cato his distictions of good
grounde Iumper Chestnutte Wooddes and vvood ground necessarye Fyrevvvod Mayne tymber trees for buyldinges ships Water Ceremoniall custome of the Egiptians touchinge vvater Countries famous through vvaters Springes of vvonderfull qualities Bathes Hoate vvater What kindes of vvaters bee best Nearenes of the Sea vnto a Cittie coÌ„modious Penurye Fyshinge Fortifications Castles in citties Order of buylding priuate houses Comely buylding in a cittye Libraries The Lybrarye of Ptolomeus had 40000 volumes Churches Cathedrall churches Liberalitie in Captaines and Generalles most coÌ„mendable expedient The first onset in battell most daungerous Waginge battell Assured peace better then coÌ„quest hoped for Aucthors of Warres Warring for enlarging Empyres Prayse of War fare Rome and Athens Peace better then Warre Vayne glorye and ambition Vayne glorye and ambition noted in Alexander Gouernours generalles inâ— Warres Fovver speciall thinges requisite in a chieftayne Souldiers offeÌ„dinge hovv to be punished Hardnesse of fare Offences to be pâ—rdoned and hovv to be punished Combat hovv it is allovvable in a captayne One politike skilful captain more vvorthe then a great sort of commoÌ„ souldiers Hovv to ouercome the enemie A very Lye sôtime auailable Demosthenes vvyse excuse for his runniÌ„g avvaye Iulius Caefar valiaunt and learned Sundrye good poyntes incident and mete to be knovven of a good Captayne Nothing more rare then a perfect Generall Punishmente for the vvatch Scoures of a Cittye Espialles abrode very necessarye Gates must diligently be loked vnto Fugitâ—ues and runneavvayes Cloaked treason vnder flattring vvoides Daungerous to haue manie straungers in a cittye Forein souldiers vntrustie Spede and expedition a nottable furtheraunce to vvaâ— like affayres Secrete hande linge of affayres Tvvo specialle precepts in dyâ—ecting vvaâ—e fare Clemencye in Generalles most commendable Fevv vvel trayned better theÌ„ a greate number of vnskilful peasauntes YongmeÌ„ most aptest to bee taught and trained invvarfare Age of Souldiers Vnfitnesse of Souldiers Stature â–ª â—â—sâ—â— commendable for a Souldier Small stature of Alexanders Souldiers Best bodilye proportion â—eacture for a Souldier The countrye must be resâ—ected vvhere a souldier hathe hene bred and borne City souldiers LacedemoniaÌ„s hovve they lyued Romaynes esteemed vvarfare and husbandry both a lyke Hunting a good exercise Trayninge of Souldiers What age is lavvful for one to be a Generall Octauius Caesar Olde beaten Souldiers are to bee preferred before youngmen Encamping Choyse of ground for pitching of tents encampinge Surueighors of vvorkes Revvarde for vvel doinge punishmeÌ„t for euil doing The Table A. Abstinence froÌ„ ciuile bloudshed Folio 63. Adultry punished 37. Age lavvful for a generall to bee chosen at 87 Age of Souldiers 48. Alexanders frends vvere his treasures 28 Alexander his vvyse example in vvatching 29 Annia a vvidovv her aunsvver as touching mariage the second tyme. 43 Appiê° Claudius his violence 62 Apt names for Citizens 65 Aristotles aduife touching sileÌ„ce to Calisthenes 52 Assured peace better then conquest hoped for 75 Astronomie 13 At vvhat yeares an officer maye be chosen 65 Aucthors of vvarre 76 B. Banquetting 57 Bathes 69 Better to bee vnborne then vntaught 47 Best bodilye proportion and feature for a souldier 85 Blushing in children a signe of good nature 45 Bricke vvalles in Babilon 10 Btibery a filthy thing 26 Bishops named kinges by Romulus 24. C Carelesse princes 1 Care for Scholemaisters 11 Castles in cities 72 Cato his distinctioÌ„s of grouÌ„d 67 Cato one of fevv vvordes 52 Causes necessary for mariage 35 Certen haÌ„dicraftsmeÌ„ necessary 9 Censor vvhat it signisieth 28 Ceremonial custoÌ„es of Egipt 68 Choyse of a vvyfe 38 Chastity in a vvoman 41 Chestnut tree 67 Cherishing of children 45 Children of dul vvytres 46 Children hovv longe they are so reputed 55 Choise of grouÌ„d for building 66 Choise in buying lande eodem Choyse of grounde for pitchinge of Tentes 88 Ciuility vvhat it is 48 Cicero and Salust at dissentioÌ„ 59 Citty Souldiers 85 Clemency commendable 83. Cloaked treasons 82 Combatte 74 CoÌ„fortable to haue children 35 Communalty of Rome 64 Commodities of learning 46 Commodity by concord 49 Comelye building in a city 72 CoÌ„siderations for magistrates 26 Considerations for children 43 Concord in a Realme 44 Concord in musicke 50 Comparison of a commoÌ„ vveale vnto a Ship. 49. Complayntes of Suters 63 Countries famous throughe vvaters 68 Continuall toyling 18 CouÌ„try must be respected vvher souldiers be borne 85 Corporall exercise 17 Corruption of Iudgement 25 Couetous man good to none 40 Couetous man an hoÌ„gry dog 40 Couerousâ—es 58 Costly funeralles 58 Curiosity of a simpering prikmedainty 42 D Daunsinge 43 Daungerous to haue many strauÌ„gers in a citty 8â— Darius dranke muddy vvater 56 Death escâ—eâ—d by thraldom 27 Death to theÌ„ that leaue childreÌ„ behinde them lesse greuous 35 Death of theim that vvante issue brought into obliuion ibideÌ„ Demosthenes 79 Difference of humane society 3 Dyet 14 Dionisius 53 Diogenes 53 DiscoÌ„moditie of stâ—dig vvater 66 Domestical discorde 42 Duties of Iustice 21 E Egiptian lore 11 Eight kindes of punishments vsed by the Romaines 27 Eloquence 15 Enuye 62 Epaminondâ—s 18 Epaminondas neuer maried anye vvife 47 Epicutes 57 Equalitie in a citty causeth concorde 5 Equality in choise of a vvife 38 Espialles very necessary 81 Example of societie in birdes 2â— Exercise of mannes lyfe 8 Example of destenie 13 Example of Milo. 18 Example of Polidamus ibidem Example of temperaunce 21 ExaÌ„ple of the husbands loue 36 Example of the vviues loue 46 Example of cockring childreÌ„ 46 F. Fauour mercy of conquerours 64 Faire and smoth vvordes 63 Fevv vvell trayned Souldiers better then a great number vnskilfull 84 Flattery must be eschevved 53 First reason of Societye instituted 3 First dutie of Iustice 6 First earthly treasures of men 28 First loue is most stedfast 43 First onset in battle dauÌ„gerous 75 Fovver speciall regardes in mans lyfe 20 Four Cardinall vertues 50 Foure thinges belonginge to a Chiefâ—ayne 77 For vvomen to knovve the full time of going vvith childe vvhen to be deliuered 45 Fortifications 7â— Forrein souldiers vntrusty 8â— Fruite eaters â—4 Fyrevvood 68 Fishiug 71 Fugitiues and runnavvayes from the armie gâ— G Gaggling of a goose saued Rome from beinge taken by the enemies 29 Gardens and Orchardes 6â— Gates 81 God the principall aucthor of al good lavves procedinges 23 Good housholders â— Good Artes and Sciences to bee cared for ibid. Good counsellours 23 Good exaÌ„ples by Romaines 26 Good order for corne 30 Good order for the church 31 Good order for high vvayes ibid Good order for Conduites ibid Good parentes bringe vp good children 38 Good mother good nurse 44 Good report for vvell doing 50 Good citizen good husbande â—1 Good vvay to procure a stomake 56 Gouernours in vvarres 77 Grammer 12 Gratitude 52. Gourmaundise 55 H Hard bringing vp of youth 17 Hard thing to chose a vvyfe 38 Hardnesse of fare 78 Hee that obayeth vvell ruleth vvell 21 Honosalit arres 3 Hovv a common vveale prospereth vvithout magistrates 19 Housholders 32 Hovv the maister
matter and supposing her selfe to haue beene of her husbande thus betrayed as one that alienated his dealinges and loue to another deuised with the adulterer Gyges to murther her husband and thereupon bestowed both her kingdome and herselfe vpon y same Gyges by this meanes did Candaules lose both his lyfe his kingdom when he thought his pleasures to be lesse so longe as they were kept in silence and vnknowen Cleobulus Lyndius accoumpted one of the seuen sages of Greece geeueth vs twoo good lessons touchinge wyuinge the one is that wee shoulde deale wyth theym by flatteringe The other that in presence of strangers wee shoulde neuer chyde theym for the one hee sayde was a poynte of foolishenes the other of madnes Furthermore let the husband commytte in charge vnto his wyfe al thinges domesticall and within dores and let hym suffer her to haue the dispensation of the same Let her perfourme her dilygence at home and let the husbande employe his industrye abroade let her nourish and foster their children and let him instruct and teache theym let the goodman of the house â–ª as neede requireth knowe to seeke after suche thinges as appertayne to the vse of the familye and this not by vsurye or anye filthye lucre but eyther wyth tyllinge the grounde and fruictes of the earth which is neuer couetous nether dissembleth wyth her tyllers but euermore restoreth the Seedes to her committed wythe moste plentifull fruite and gayne for it is meete and conueniente that the common mother of all men shoulde nourishe and bring vp her children as it were wyth her dugges and encrease eyther wyth liberall Sciences or MerchaundyÊ’e or nauigation in traffique in Sellinge and buyinge wythout lyinge or vanitye or in other honest trades tendinge to the profite and ornament of the cyttye Furthermore it behooues him to spare and saue that hee getteth for in vayne doe they take laboure to gette Ryches where is no regarde of sparinge and where the expences do still runne oute wythout anye comminge in neyther is this prouerb of drawing vp water in a pitcher that is ful of holes any other thing then first to get and then prodigally ryotously to lauish out Yet would I not that the housholder shoulde bee a myser and steyned wyth pinchyng couetousnes then the whych plague there can be none more pernicious neyther yet more discrepante or further of froÌ„ al humanity for the couetous man hurteÌ„th all men is odious to all men neyther doynge good to hymselfe or to any of his frendes Hee neuer reioyseth at hartes ease hee is alwayes sadde churlishe pensiue and crabbed he onelye cannot fynde in his harte to loue and cherishe his wyfe and children nor departe with any thing vnto them to liue merily withall but always is found a steruer of him selfe an oppressor of his owne nature is alwayes hungrye alway thirstye and continually vexed with an insaciable gredye desire neyther can any thinge suffice him Uery aptly did the riche Attalus compare a couetous man to an hungry dogge that snatcheth vp fragmentes of bread and meate at his maisters table whiche slappeth vp streightwaies whole vnchawed gubs without any taste and streightways with open mouthe lokes styll for more standinge at receipt of further hope for more to come Let a man thanckefullye enioye his goodes and estate present and wyth well doinge let him hope styll for better for it is the parte of a faynt harted person too muche to feare penurie for that cause not to dare to vse those thinges whiche are present because forsooth he feareth that he shall hereafter lacke The charge of all dealinges within the house belongeth vnto the wyues and it were very hard dealing that the goodman who trauayleth and taketh paynes abrode to seeke thrift when he coÌ„meth home into his owne house as it were into the porte or hauen of tranquillitye after a moste daungerous and harde voyage should also be busied and trobled with ordering houshold affayres at home when he surceassinge all care and desiringe to be at quietnesse and rest repayreth home for ease and succour therfore let the wyfe performe her diligence and let her take vppon her the charge of all thinges which are at home to be ordered accordyng to the prescribed ordinaunces of the husbande vnto whome in all pointes shee oughte to bee obedient for it goeth very yll in that housholde where the wife beareth al rule and the husband obeyeth and is made as one of the meigniall folke Let the wyfe especially set in order her houshold stuffe and those necessaries that are neate and of value whiche are to be reserued to the vse of a better life whether the same belong to womaÌ„ly furniture or to mans apparell let her dispose and order them wythin secrete roomes in the house that when soeuer occasion hapneth to occupye theym they maye bee in a readynes and not to seeke for it is a moste certayne pouertye when a man lacketh that thinge which hee hath and standeth in neede of the same knowing not in what place it is layde vp Moreouer such things as dulie concerne meate drinck and which are prepared for dinner supper let her so day ly dispend besow that they be neither wastfully gourmaundised and swilled vp in glottonye and dronkennes by the folkes of the house neyther by reason of too much nyggardy and pinching let them not bee hungerbytten and sterued Therfore let her keepe a meane and so shal shee at one and the selfe same tyme both rightlye prouide for their healthe and also for the priuate affayres of their familye aswell at one tyme as at another and let her with great moderacyon qualesy her selfe in those thinges which appertayne to her own selfe especiallye for apparell ornamentes for her owne bodye which greatlye consume her husbandâ—s substaunce For they cost deare at the first and in small space are eyther by vse cleane worne or elles solde for a greate deale lesse then they were bought An honeste manered woman oughte to feare nothinge more then euyll reporte for shee that once hath an euyll name whether it be rightlye by her deserued or that she bee wrongfully slaundered hardly can recouer her good name and fame agayne for a woman suspected of vnchaft lyuing leadeth a miserable and wretched lyfe The true ornamentes of women are Modestye chastetye shamefastnes and prayse whiche cannot bee purchased wyth any gold pearles or precious stones but seing it is so that all these cannot be seene in any one good woman although very honest Chastitye yet is that only ornamente whiche may supplie whatsoeuer lacketh in the others for this enlargeth the dowrye when it is not of it selfe sufficient it not onely adorneth and maketh come lye that which is deformed but also reduceth a woman to the similitude of beautie it selfe it enobleth ignobilitye finally fulfilleth all thinges whiche in any parte may otherwise be wantinge The
typling houses and places of ryot they do hurt vnto many and profyt to no man. And those that exercise or vse light arts and faculties whereby riseth no profite are to bee neglected and had in contempte and rather to bee derided then esteemed or rewarded The fyrste respecte or regarde of geuinge our voyces is to be had of honesty and vertue And the seconde of lyberall sciences which in a Citty bringe with them moste plentifull profit The thirde consideration is to bee had of Nobilitye for they whose auncestours haue florished famous with some kinde of prayse their children and posterity are not to be neglected except by their reproch or ignominye they do darken emblemish the prayse and coÌ„mendation of their auncestours And the fourth consideration ought to be had of them which profet the Citizens by trade of Merchaundice worckmanship and industrye makynge the Citye therebye more wealthye and renowmed Uulcane who was most skilfull in the arte of Astronomie which was also the successour of Mercury in the kingdome dyd inuent the mines of siluer gold and iron The Grecians holde opinion that he fyrst made and deuised the fier tonges of brasse or copper other necessaryes touchinge husbandry And they saye that in the Arte of warre he could do verye muche and that hee was made lame by reason of a wounde whiche he receyued in his foote he also helde opinion that the Planets and starres were fyery and that all thinges were made and created of fyre It shal therfore behoue them which beare rule in a coÌ„mon weale to be careful that there want no deuisers or chief worckmaisters in a citty for when the sacred or publique buildinges are by euill measure proportion framed yt ministreth occasion to straungers to thinke that the chief princes and rulers of that common weale are cleane voyd of elegancy but pryuate mens houses being euil tymbred vnhandsomely seuered withe windowes and lightes and beautified vncomely are for habitacion nothing handsom and expedient Let the chiefe master of the worke therfore respect and loke wel to the forme and fashion of houses in the city to the coÌ„moditye of the buyldings houses in time of peace and quietnes but in time of warres an Architecte or chiefe deuiser of workes shall stande in so good steede for engines gonnes and other municions that hee cannot but he worthy of great prefermeÌ„t honour publique offices for we reade of some cittyes that haue bene delyuered froÌ„ the siege of their enemies only by the skilfull dylygence of the chiefe deuiser or workemaister Amongst other spectacles which throughout al y world are praysed the city of Thebes in Egipt was couÌ„pted for the greatnes therof for the walles and for building most worthiest of admiration for it had C. gates by situation distinct seuered one from another with notable and artificial workmanship wherupon it had so glorious a name was of such excellency that al the whole prouince there was called by the name of the Citizens of Thebes and yet the same was subuerted before the Empyre of Rome The brick walles of Babylon which Semiramis builded contayned in compasse 385. fâ—â— longs in height betwene the towers fyfty cubites and in bredth thirty foote The Art of payntyng she weth in it selfe greate â—rudicion learning much resembleth poetry For Sextus Empiricus after the opinioÌ„ of Symonides the poet said that a picture is a stil or sileÌ„t Poesie the poesie to be a talking picture And certaynlye it is an arte of great wysdome and doth touche neare vnto deuine knowledge so to conceyue in mynd the dyuers formes oflyuing creatures and other things so to expresse them with pencill and dyuers coullours that there seemes nothinge wantinge vnto theym but lyfe and breathe For wee reade that an Oxe dyd lowe at the beholding of a certayn pyctured Oxe and that not a fewe haue ben deceyued wyth the sighte of grapes pictured And that byrdes haue also bene styrred vp to reioyce at the paynted proportion or similitude of their kynde For a pycture hath not onely a grace with it and geeueth wonderfull delectacion but also reserueth the memory of thinges that are done and past and showeth perpetually before our eyes the bystorye of thinges that are done And moreouer in reading of paynted stories wherin notable exploytes are expressed wee are excited vnto the studies of prayse and to the endeuour of accomplishinge weighty and great matters Wherfore it shal not be feared least that the hands of young men be stayned or spotted wythe coullors sythens payntinge commethe nearest vnto learninge it selfe Iulius Caesar being sent as Ouestor or Threasurer into Spayne when he came to Gades marking well and beholdynge the Image of Alexander the great in the Temple of Hercules sighed as it were bewayled his own slouth negligence that as yet in those yeares of his he had not done any thinge worthye prayse whereas Alexander before hee attayned to that age had conquered the greateste parte of the worlde He required of the Senate that he might haue free lyhertye to ease hymselfe of those their affayres and beinge pricked forward with memoriall of such like prayse wythin a small tyme hee excelled and surmounted the deedes prowes of Alexander of Macedonie Cato Censorius seemed scarce quiet in mynde because there was no Image erected for hym and vnto one that demaunded hym why he had not hys picture or ymage aswell as a greate sort of others he aunswered I had rather that good men should muse and doubte why I haue it not then whyche is worse to murmure in their mynds why I should haue it FINIS THE SECOND BOKE entreatinge of carefull regarde for the supportation of learning the necessarie vfilitie of liberal Artes and Scyences and ex amples perswading to the vse of other exercises corporall profitable to a weale publique THE kynges of Egipte farre more esteemed the prayse of good disciplines Sciences then of Warfare And therefore they all with a woÌ„derfull dylygence bent theymselues to the studies of wisdome neyther dyd any of theym thincke hymselfe able or sufficiente enoughe to beare rule vnlesse hee surmâ—unted and excelled the residue in some kynde of doctryne or learninge and employed hys whole indeuour to the furtheraunce and profitinge of many others Wyth thys industrye Ptolomeus beinge incited furnished and made that famous Library at Alexandria to the ende he mighte therby sow the seede of wisdome vnto his Posteritye and profite bothe the Cyttizens and also straungers Hee also instituted playes vnto the Muses and vnto Apollo and ordayned vnto Poetes and Dratours at theyr disputations as vnto Champions in their Combattes greate rewardes and hyghe dignities that they myghte the more diligently take paynes in the studies and exercises of learning Learninge doubtlesse was most auncient among the Egiptians whose priestes whiche were conuersaunte about their Kinges and rulers were accompted the firste of all others
liuinge creature a loue zeale to their like of kynd and a reason of conseruation by coniunction of male and female for there can be no wylde beaste so cruel so solitary alone wādring which in their time do not seke a mate of their own kind condicion for procreatiō sake seing thē there is no such society or felowship more according to nature then that of the male and female it be houes vs to wryte of matrimoniall cōiunctiō especially when as citizens do matche theymselues wyth Citizens in mariage by a long cōtinued good wil so reconcile make attonement betwene grudging enemies As we reade of IVLIVSC AES AR and Pompeius whose affinitye so long as it flourished dyd subdue and represse ciuyll discorde and reduced all the ciuill warres vnto vnitye and concorde For had not the rauished virgins of Sabina appeased y myndes of their Parentes and husbandes by the Law of matrimonye the common weale of the Romaynes had bene vtterlye destroyed very necessary therfore is it to in treate of maryage and naturall amitye for man doth not onely marye and take a wyfe for procreation sake but also to haue a companion of lyfe wyth whom hee may liue together and participate ether fortune both prosperity aduersity for hee that is ledde by reason doth seeke for y commodities of his lyfe neyther seeth he that he can sufficientlye prouide for his owne estate excepte hee take a wyfe therfore man whē he hath prouided him of a dwellinge house taketh a wyfe that he may procreate childrē to the ende to lyue more commodiouslye and the better beare the chaunces of eyther fortune It is especiallye necessarye for a man to seeke a trade whereby to lyue that hee maye be the better prouided for in hys olde age and sickenesse wherefore it is eyther requisite for him to exercise husbandrie or seafaring or som other kinde of honeste trades thereby to get conueniente staye whereof to lyue Therfore our carefull mother dame nature parent of humane kynde hath ordayned wedlocke to the ende that not onely the most pleasaunt but also the most profitable societye of lyfe might thereby be put in vre therefore as Xenophon hath left in writinge in his boke of houshold affayres the deuine prouidence of God made women to bee more fearefull creatures then men because the same feare and awe in the woman should frame her the better to kepe home and to be diligente for awe feare help much to the diligence of keepinge and naturall effeminacye or tendernesse hath deliuered vnto theim trades faculties wherein they may be exercised and finde theimselues occupied euen within their owne houses furthermore foras muche as meate drincke and clothe must needes be had cared for not in euery place openlye or in wylde woodes but at home vnder the roofe of the house and in the inner partes of the same it hath bene necessarye for men to bee occupied abrode in company and assemblies of men wher they meeting together may deuise meanes by laboure industrye to get suche thinges as beinge broughte home shoulde be layde vp in store in some conuenient place of y house the charge of dispensacion or bestowing whereof is more conuenient for the woman then for the man. Aristotle did verye well assigne the cares of all suche matters as are to be done abrode vnto men and of things to be done at home vnto women and he thincketh it very vncomelye not fitting that women should deale in matters which are to bee done abroade as also for men to haue the orderinge and disposinge of thinges wythin dores for all helpes and defences of mannes lyfe are more easily procured and gotten by mariage then by singlehood We ought to restore that vnto nature which wee haue borowed as to geeue vnto others lyfe whych our parentes haue geeuen vnto vs by reason whereof we obtayne that our chyldren should restore that vnto vs in our extreme age and weakenes whiche they haue receyued of vs when they were not able to helpe theymselues let theym I saye nourish and mainteyn vs in oure decrepicie when we leane vpon our staffe and be weake and feble euen as we brought vp them in their tender age when we sustayned and embraced them in our armes when they first learned to creepe and by these meanes the interchaunge of nature is perpetuallie fulfilled and that which it cannot do in the simple generalitye is cōserued and kept in spece and kynde Furthermore the discommodities hapninge in our old age which surelye are innumerable and the manyfolde kindes of diseases which do vexe and torment barren olde age and as it were by conspiracies fall vppon olde men at once by what other reason maye they bee suffered or by what cōfort ells maye they be mitigated or asswaged but by y hope helpe which we haue or ought to haue inour children for far lesse greuous do those euils seme which happen vnto the father striken into extreme age when he himselfe deelining toward decay seeth his sonnes growe lustye of body euery day more strong then those things which vnto a man wythout children do happen which see leth and perceyueth the powers both of his body mynd to decaye and therwithall at once al hope of helpe posteritye to come to an ende but death it selfe whiche vnto all men is most greuous doth bring somwhat the lesse griefe vnto them who knowing themselues to be mortal persons that they can lyue no longer then humane cōdicion or state wyll suffer them do behold their childrē by them begotten resembling them to be called by their proper names wherby they are as it were reserued stil aliue in the fame and reporte of men euen after their disceasse For they that departe this worlde leauing bebynde them no chyldren do carrye wyth theym the ruine of their race offpringe and deserue euyl of the common weale yea of mankinde also are they wrapped in perpetuall obliuion neyther leaue they any steppe or imitacion of their lyfe afterwardes amongest men at any tyme. Therfore I think best for a ciuyl man to take vnto him a wyfe not onelye for necessities sake but also to th ende they maye lyue wyth more Pleasure and profite wyth whome a thanckefull pleasaunt and atceptable societye of lyfe must be framed not to fulfill the lust of the fleshe but to procreate and encrease Issue thereby to replenish the cyuyll common weale whyche in deede is the proper respecte and dutie of mariage AElius Commodus Uerus Emperoure of Rome is sayd to haue aunswered his wife verye notablye when as shee seemed to bee offended at the filthinesse of his Lyfe and complayned of his forreyn pleasures Suffer me wyfe sayth he by other women to exercise my Luste and sensualitye for a wyfe is the name of Dygnytye and not of pleasure Socrates the Philosopher when hee had longe tyme and muche suffered his firste
wyfe XANTIPPA to be bothe angrye and churlishe againste him to Alcibiades meruaylinge that he coulde beare wyth suche a shrewde and bytter woman and not banishe her oute of his house made this aunswere that in sufferinge suche a Uixen in her behauiour at home he enured himselfe the better to putt vp those Iniuries and reproches whiche were done to him abroade by others For Socrates had two wyues at one tyme the better thereby to perfourme throughlye the effect of pacience METELLVS NVMIDICVS the greate and eloquente Oratour whyle hee was Censor discoursinge of the Maryage of Wyues in his Oration spake these woordes My Lordes if wee coulde be wythout wiues we shoulde all easelye lacke and be wythout that molestation but because Nature hath so ordayned that neyther wyth theym can wee lyue commodiouslye and withoute theim we cannot lyue at all I thincke it better rather to prouyde for a perpetuall sauetye then for a shorte or momentanye pleasure Whiche manifeste confession of the care and molestation of wyuing was mysliked of many of the Cytizens of Rome for they sayde that METELLVS the Censor whose purpose shoulde haue beene to exhorte the common people vnto Matrymonye could not confesse or vtter any thinge touchinge the griefes and discommodities therof leaste in so doynge hee shoulde rather seeme to disswade the People from Matrymonye then exhorte theym thereunto For so muche as almoste there is nothynge throughoute the whole lyfe of man can be founde whych in euerye parte of it selfe is absolute and perfecte that no stable amitye coulde bee founde nor more aboundaunt in all dutie godlines then in matrimony Tiberius Gracchus wyllingly of his own accord saued and redeemed his wiues lyfe wyth his owne death for he findynge at home two snakes in this sorte destyned that vnlesse hee killed one of theim hee and all his housholde shoulde perishe dye if he let the male escape it shoulde then be his chaunce to escape alyue but if the female theÌ„ should his wyfe Cornelia escape alyue hee so entierly loued his wife and so much esteemed matrimony that he rather chose to dye hymselfe then to suruiue his wife The wyues of the MyniaÌ„s haue lefte vs an example of admiration for their husbandes heinge imprisonned by the Lacedemonians and iudged to dye for conspiringe against the state looked for present execution according to the custome in the night season but their wyues makinge a pretence or excuse to goe to speake vnto their husbandes take their last leaue obteyned licence of the kepers to goe vnto them where chaunginge their apparell and dissemblinge their sorowes with their heades couered suffered their husbandes to departe and gaue themselues to the death to the end that they might deliuer and set at libertye their husbandes Moreouer the too much cherishing that Augustus vsed towardes his daughters made theym more wanton and lasciuious whereupon Iulia when a certayne seuere and graue frende of hers went about to perswade her to followe the example of her fathers frugalitye she scornfullye aunswered my father forgets that he is Caesar but I remember that I am Caesars daughter shee outraged so farre in dissolute lyuinge that shee prostituted her body to all men and when as men that knew well her filthy lyfe meruayled how shee brought forth chyldren so lyke to Agrippa her husbande seing shee had to doe wyth so manye men shee aunswered that she could lawfullye entertayne and admitte adulterers after that shee was greate wyth chylde by her husband for seldome doth the woman kepe shamefastnes that hath once lost her chastity There are some women whiche take pleasure to talke of their filthy demeanour and declare the blemish or disease of theyr mynde and body wyth filthy speche thereby to appeare more pleasantly conceyted vnto the worlde as Popilia the daughter of Marcus to a certayn man whych meruayled what should be the cause that all beastes doe neuer admitt the male to couer theim but at due seasons wheÌ„ they woulde be made great with yonge and women at all tymes desire the societye of man shee aunswered because they are beastes But let the husband loke to it that hee geeue no occasion of filthynes or offeÌ„ce vnto his wyfe and let her take heede that shee do not speake any filthye thinge at any tyme in the presence of her husband wherein some men doe much offend which allure their wyues wyth vncleanlynes of wordes and filthynes of speache vnto lust and concupiscence and doe instructe theym in Fables whereby they are made more readye to venerous dalliaunce and inflamed with straunge louâ—s and the men nowe then speake those thinges whyche are able ynough to enflame euen those women that be otherwise very cold affected Furthermore let the husbande farre more diligentlye abstayn from hauing to doe with any other straunge person if hee desire to haue a chaste wyfe for no iniury doth more diminishe or sooner breake the holye society of maryage then for the one partye I will not say to be onely takeÌ„ in adultery but also in any slender suspicion therof The Persians therefore very well dyd greuouslye punishe adulterye to then tent that the societye of matrimonye might be made the more firme and stable The continency of the husbande for the moste part keepeth his wyfe in chastitye and maketh the man himselfe to be farre more commendable Laelius the friende of Scipio is counted the happier in this one respecte that in all his lyfe tyme he had but the company of one onely womaÌ„ that is to say his own wyfe whom he had and no more for there are very fewe wyues so modeste and so louinge to their husbands that they can willingly and patiently suffer beare with their husbandes harlottes I remember that I haue reade not without meruaylinge of one woman euen Tertia wife of the former AEmilius mother to Cornelia who was of suche gentlenes and pacience that when shee knewe her husbande being the conqueroure of Affrica to be hotelye enamoured of her handmayd a beautiful piece knew wel that he vsed her too familiarly shee alwayes dissembled the matter least otherwise shee should accuse her husband that most excellent Gentleman of Intemperancye and that whyche is more she was so farre froÌ„ reuenge that when AEmilius was dead shee sette her handmayde at lybertye and freely placed her in maryage to one that serued her husbande wyth no small dowrye Surely a man shall fynde very fewe women in all the memorye of man of this nature that can sufferor beare wyth their Husbandes Strumpettes therefore that good reason or argumente vsed by the lawyers is to bee openlye fixed in the houses of men wherein is geeuen vs for precepte What euer Lawe a man woulde haue an other to obserue From that let not hymselfe digresse nor once asyde to swerue For what is more reprochefull then for a man to bee condempned by that law whiche hee himselfe hath
fiftye Uirgines of Sparta haue eternized theyr names vnto all Posteritye for they beinge by their Parents sent to do sacrifice among the Messenians thinking to be entertayned after the maner of frendly hospitality the Messenians with such impaciencie and concupiscence lusted after them that dispisinge the law of hospitalitye they sought meanes by sollicityng their consentes to carnail knowledge so to deflo wre their virginitye whych filthy motion the virgines denyinge they importunatelye vrginge to dishoneste their bodies yet was there not one founde of all those virgines that woulde consent vnto their willes but chose rather to dye then so to loose their maydeÌ„hode whose bloud that LacedaemoniaÌ„s through the great helpe of God reuenged afterward by a notable victorye The second ornament of a woman is to haue prety children and of an excellent towardnesse whiche ornamente how much it is to be estemed of Cornelia the wife of Paulus AEmilius hath taught vs for when a certayne womaÌ„ of Campania coÌ„minge vnto her shewing outin a brauerye her pearles golde and pretious apparell requested the same Cornelia in lyke maner to bring forth and shewe her ornaments and iewels she fooded her out wyth wordes vntil suche tyme as her children returned home from the schole whome shee shewinge vnto the other woman sayde Beholde my delicate store and treasures all myne ornamentes all my Iewelles and all my delights which perswasion is the best that can bee vnto all matrones that in respecte of their children they shoulde despyse al other iewelles and ornaments and repute their chiefe attyre in the hope and towardnes of their Children Besides this let the Wyfe take heede that shee vse no dissymulation nor cloaked Iuggelinge wyth her husbaÌ„d in any matter for what thing can bee more dishonest in a woman then to shewe her selfe not to be the same whych shee was Pompeia the wyfe of Nero the Emperour was not onlye made a iestynge stocke to the worlde so longe as shee lyued because shee prancked herselfe too muche in curyous trymminge vp herselfe to the best shewe of all beautye but also purchased vnto her name perpetual ignominie For not Poets onely but Historiographers also not a fewe do wryte that shee not in couert maner and claselye but apertly and manefestlye fancied this curiosity they affirme that shee had alwayes in a readynes wher soeuer she went whole heardes of Asses that shee might continually cherishe her delicate face rynse her mouth wyth the mylke of theym daylye thereby to appeare the fayrer and beautifuller for there is no good hope to bee had in that woman whiche seeketh to bee praysed abrode for her beautye It was lawfull for the Spartane virgins to goe with their face bare tyll they were maryed that they mighte thereby the better gette theym husbandes but after they were maryed they courred doth their head and their face as those then that soughte after no Husbandes but onelye cared to retayne such as they enioyed But Gorgias Leontinus opinion is that mennes wyues shoulde bee kepte at home from goinge abroade whyche thinge surely liketh not mee but for theim to goe abrode verye seeldome that truelye doe I greatlye commende For a woman that is a walker and a traueiler from her owne house abrode can seeldome bee chaste let the wyfe shewe her selfe of one mynde and concorde wyth her husbande in all thinges for there can be nothinge more pleasaunte amonge mortall menne then when the man and wyfe doe gouerne their Housholde wyth concorde and mutuall good wyll together and on the other parte nothing worse then mutual discord domestical brabling The Athenians haue taught vs that silence in matters betweene man and wyfe ought to bee vsed for when as Philippe king of Maoedonie warred against the Athenians and that their scoutes had intercepted letters of Olympias sent from her vnto kinge Philippe her husbande they commaunded those letters to bee redeliuered whole vnopened and vntouched because they thoughte it was not lawful no not for the enemie to know and vnderstaÌ„d the secretes passinge from the wyfe to her husband In wedlocke also let all anger and stomackinge be far absent whiche makes loue manye tymes more slacke and slowe and altogether diminisheth the same disorderinge all domesticall affayres and causing the state of wedlocke to be more vnpleasaunt The most auncient Romaines did adorne that womaÌ„ with a crowne of chastitye whiche was onely contented wyth one husbande and with continuall wydowhood to professe and shewe forthe the sinceritye of her incorrupte mynde for she seemeth to be of an vnbrideled luste whiche maryeth agayne especially if shee haue children whiche are the pledges of matrimonye and expresse the lyuelye ymage of her late deceassed husbande both in countinaunce and name moreouer shee that maryeth agayne is seene to bee curst and wicked towards her children because they are depriued of their father and forsaken of all men neglectinge theym as it were in the entraunce of their lyfe euen at that age and time when they haue most neede of their parentes helpe which reason vndoubtedlye ought to perswade all wydowes to kepe their chastitye together with their children that they make no further tryall of fortune of whom they being once deceyued may scarcely hope for better lotte or fortune afterwarde Annia a woman of noble race among the Romaynes when her neighbours and friendes pâ—rswaded her in her wydowhood to mary wyth another husband seeinge shée was yet of alustye age and excellente beautye made aunswere that she would not any wyse so do for sayth she if I finde a good husband as I had before I wyll not bee always in feare least I should forgo him but if I should matche my selfe wyth an euil husband what neede haue I to trye an euill man when I haue once already had experience of a verye good man for she that is disapointed by the destenye of her first husbande seemes to be wyse if shee no more committe her selfe vnto the Fortune of Maryage The daughter of Demotion the Athenian althoughe shee was a virgine yet hearing of the death of Leosthenes her espoused husband who was slayne at the battle of LeÌ„nos killed her selfe affirming that althoughe she neuer had any carnall or matrimonial copulation with her husbande yet if shee shoulde bee compelled to take another man shee should deceyue the second seeinge that in hart shee was maryed to the first notwithstanding those women deale a greate deale better who in the firste flower of their yeares do hap to marye the seconde tyme namely if they be then without children for al lyuing creatures desire to haue and begette Issue and for procreation sake rather then for luste to ioyne together seemeth a thinge much more fitte reasonable Hiero of Syracusa being on a tyme chidden by a certein familier frende of his because his breath did slincke hee for helping thereof had vsed no remedies sayd that hee
them be put to learne the practize of some other trades and occupations especiallye such as come uearest in goodnes vnto learning least that they remayne vnprofitable by meanes of Idlenesse and slouthe for true is that sentence of Marcus Cato By slouth and doinge nothing at all Men learne to doe euyll great and small Therfore diligent and paynful cytizens ought to dryue sluggishe and slouthfull people out of their citties euen as the diligent Bees do the Drones or Dorres which wyll not take paynes for the common Honnye and wee muste esteeme as most holye that ordinaunce whiche Solon enacted affirming that That chylde to his father is nothing bounde In any respect of dutie naturall If that for him hee hath not founde Some kinde of trade to lyue withall But if all other disciplines and Arts should be lacking yet oughte they to foresee and regarde that their children be not brought vp without the rule of good manners for it is farre better for men to bee wythoute children and to be for euer barreyne and berefte of all progenye or Issue then when men haue children to bringe them vp euill nurtured or of sewde behauiour Epaminondas the Thebane a worthye man and of greate wysedome neuer maryed anye wyfe whiche thing his friend Pelopidas reprehending because hee left not the Seede or succession of his valiantnesse vnto his children and therfore that in so doinge hee dyd ill prouide for the commoditye or profite of his countrye Epaminondas thereupon smyling aunswered take you heede frende Pelopidas least you doe worse prouide for the publique vtilitie of your countrye which may happen to leaue such a sonne begotten by you whose lyfe perhaps hereafter may be wished of some to bee better by whiche sayinge this most wyse Gentleman sheweth that Parētes ought to feare nothinge more then least they haue suche childrē as may degenerate frō their steps qualities Neocles the Athenian a man noble and excellente had a sonne called Themistocles whome in his youth he disherited because hee was mislyked and thought to lyue verye lewdely wastinge his substance and in euerye poynte disobayinge his fathers commaundemente this seuere and harde dealinge did not discourage the sonue but did rather farre more encourage him to remēber himselfe for hee thinkinge that suche a manifest blemish of misdemeanour coulde not bee extinguished withoute some singuler industrye and prayse from thence foorth wholy vent hym selfe to thexercise of vertue and by al care and study that in him was possible endeuoured to traueyle for the commoditye of his common weale with all dyligence that he could protected and maynteyned the causes of his friends and priuate iudgements and within short space so amended his faultes and reformed the vices of hys youthe that there was no one man in his tyme preferred before him and verye fewe were thoughte to bee founde equalle vnto him therefore the seueritye of a father towardes such a Sonne was not to be found fault wythal who in dede of a most naughtie lewd person reclaimed him to be a man in all kynde of prayse moste cōmendable Polemon the Athenian lyuinge vnchaste in his youthfull yeares was wanton and geeuen to filthy behauiour sometimes also ouerseene with drinke hauing a Garlande as the custome was for the stoutest drincker to haue rushed with his companions into Xenocrates schoole onely to floute and mocke and to playe some pageant of knauery at that tyme as it chaunced Xenocrates was discoursinge amongest his scholers touching modestie temperaunce and chastitye whiche purpose for al this hee chaunged not but playnly conuerted his meaning euen vpō Polemō there present by which oratiō made he so reformed himselfe that without any more ado forsaking there his companions and chaunginge his former old lyfe he yeelded himselfe scholar vnto Xenocrates and within a shorte space excelled all his scholefellowes and besides this so nerelye expressed his scholemaister in all matters that after his deceasse this Polemon beinge then lefte hys successor so learnedly behaued himselfe after thimit a ciō of y other that the Scholemaister was thought one styl and not scant perceyued to be chaunged Younge men also are to be enured wyth bodely exercises both for their better health for as Celsus satih slouth enfebleth the bodye labour strengtheneth it the one causinge vntimelye olde age the other long and lustye youth and also for that they might be made more proiftable members for y cōmō weale in tyme of warres wherin they are more prōpt and actiue if they come thereunto wyth a bodye exercised rather then vy slouth effeminated in which thinge the Lacedaemonians did verye muche excell whose children in runninge leapinge and castinge the dart were daylye exercised and practised from whō Diogenes on a tyme returning and goinge to Athens was asked whither he went and from whence he came I come saith he from men and am now goinge to women THE FIFTH BOOKE EFfectuallye discoursinge vppon the ENDEVOVRS TRADES OFFICES DVEties and seuerall vocations aswell of the ciuill cittizen as of the vplandish countreyman also the discouerye of vices with the daūgers that in euery realme and countrye thereby ensueth RApine promiseth Idlenes and rest but vertue sheweth before her labour and sweat Euill manered persons and suche as in their speache and gesture be grosse and vnnurtured be termed vnciuil because they rather seeme to haue bene brought vp in the coūtrey then in the Cytties From hence is deriued the worde phrase of speache called Ciuilitye or Urbanitye because it doth appertayn both to speach and manners and is so called by the name of the latine worde Vrbs a cyttye because through cyuil companying or meeting together of wyse learned men a certayn knowledge and learning is gotten which dyrecteth and trayneth vp men in gallant curtesie pleasaunt order and comelye grace the contrarye wherof is called Rusticitie If a man would in fewe woordes determine and define what a Ciuil man is hee shall say that he is a good man and one that is profitable to his common weale for firste and speciallye hee oughte to haue before his eyes that sentence of Plato where he sayth Men are of God created not onelye To profite themselues in this lyfe presente But that they shoulde their natiue countrye Studye to profite wyth honest intent Partely agayne that they be styllbent To profite frende children and kinsfolke naturall To this ende to lyue well ought all men mortall And by good righte humane societye is instituted and appointed to lyue together for one to profite another These thinges when wee shall consider vppon wee shall well perceyue that we ought to helpe and prouide for our natiue countrye The little Bees and Antes being creatures not only the least of all others but also dumbe and deafe oughte to be examples vnto vs whiche vndoubtedlye do laboure one for another they swarme together they keepe theim selues together they are preserued altogether wyth like
Noble and famous in warlike affayres â—ut a verye good searcher out of hidden secretes for hee first playde the Philosopher in Europa and then in Asia So was Triptolemus honored for a God because hee taught the vse of corne amongest the Athenians and Isis a goddesse because shee taught the order how to sowe corne and flaxe Therfore doubtles they are worthye of rewardes and dignities which do profite men with their inuentions It was the poynte of a noble mynde not to permitte in anye wyse that a man shoulde deceiue himselfe whyche thinge by a pretye example Carneades doth admonishe vs in this wyse If thou knewest a serpent lurking priuilye Under a place and wouldste haue any man Vnwares to sitt do wne euen there presentlye VVhose death might redound to thy profite than Thou shouldest do very yll except wyth warninge Thou diddest dehort him thence from harminge A Good man is always one the same he neuer swarâ—eth from himselfe and had rather be honest in deede theÌ„ so to be accouÌ„ted hee is not couered with any cloake of dissimulatioÌ„ keping inwardly priuy hatred hartburning yet outwardly preteÌ„ding a fayre face but hath alwayes one couÌ„tenauÌ„ce his eyes always after one maner his looke always one his speache in like maner always true A cittizen must alwayes beware that no notable vyce reygne in hym hee shall exercise those artes and sciences wherewith hee may be able to lyue honestly wyth out iniurye and to bringe vp his familye For hee ought to haue regard of his domesticall matters to the ende he may helpe his chyldren kinsfolkes and frends but especiallie the common weale of his countrye when tyme shall require for as Cicero saythe the priuate possessions ryches of euery man are the ryches and wealth of the citye Let theym gayne but withoute iniuryinge or hurtinge of others for as the Poet sayth Goodes that are gotten by sinister meane â–ª Are in lyke sorte consumed agayne Architas of Tarent a noble Philosopher of Pythagoras secte whe sent letters vnto Plato that he shoulde beware and take heede of Dionisius the Tyraunt of Syracusa if hee loued the sauetye of his owne lyfe was had in admiration amongest all men because hee was skylfull almost in all artes this man was of suche dexterity of wytte that he made framed by a certayn wonderfull reason artificiall worckemanshippe the proportion and Image of a Doue which Doue as Fauorinus the philosopher reporteth did flye it was contriued wyth such equall peyze or wayghte and in the same was a wynde enclosed whyche wyth a temperate spiryte caused it to flye Amongest the most noble prayses of Affricanus wherof both Polibius and other wryters made mention Thys one was accouÌ„pted great that he daylye went downe into the iudgement hall from thence did not returne homewardes agayne vntyll hee had gratified and done good to some one or other And Titus the sonne of Uespesian who after his father was Emperour of Rome three yeares was of suche gentle curteous nature that at supper time remembringe that hee had pleasured and done good to none that daye sayde these woordes Friendes this daye haue I lost It shal be the dutie of a ciuill man to vse liberalitye franckenes in gratifiyng with requitall and thanckes vnto others and neuer to forget a good turne receyued which respecte of curtesye was so highly in the olde tyme regarded y not only persons lyuing but euen the very persons already dead could not neglect it For Simonides the Poete seeinge as hee iourneyed a certayne man vnknowen to him lyinge dead rast out vnto the byrdes and beastes of the fielde dyd streight waye burye him but when hee came to the place where he thought in his mynde to haue taken shippinge hee then agayne sawe in his dreame the same partye whom hee had buryed warninge him not to enterprise his voyage as hee had determined for if hee dyd he tolde him that night he should suffer shipwracke when Simonides had tolde his dreame vnto his companyons they laughed hym to scorne and hee alone remained on the shoare the rest of his other companions not creditinge his wordes but assone as the Shyppe was gone a lyttle from the lande there arose a tempest incontinente that brake al their tackling and al to squatted their ship that they were drowned euerye mothers Sonne And so Simonides for the good turne that he dyd in buryinge the deade man receyued thereby the benefite and sauegarde of his lyfe Let euerye good Cittizen take heede that hee bee not founde a blabbe or lyer in his talke for to lye is the propertie rather of a seruile then of a free mynde for Aristotle verye pretelye to a certaine person demaundinge him what Lyers gayned by their lyinge aunswered that they cannot be beleeued an other tyme when they tel truth but yet it is a far worse thinge for any man to forsweare himselfe which fault was so odible among the EgiptiaÌ„s y all periured persoÌ„s suffered punishmeÌ„t of death as they which neyther regarded religioÌ„ towards god nor fayth towards maÌ„ let the honest citizeÌ„ moreouer bridle in himselfe a certayne braynsicke sawcinesse and brablinge in speach for as it is a prayse to speake lyuely and boldly if at any tyme a man haue neede to speake so is it worthy of disprayse not to haue a staye of the tongue if silence bee necessarye for Cato in his adolescencie studying eloqueÌ„ce and Philosophie vsed a certayne wonderfull silence of speach and when on a tyme a certayne familier frende of his sayde vnto him Cato many men do finde faulte with thy silence bee aunsweered sayinge I wyll then speake when I haue throughly learned to speake suche thinges as are not worthy of silence Pythagoras also the most wyse prince of Italique Philosophie taught his scholars to be silent before he taught theym to speake thereby shewinge that a mannes wordes are first to bee premeditate or thought vpon ere they be vttered For to brydle and restrayn the tongue which nature meaninge Scilence hath walled aboute wyth a trenche of teethe is a poynte of no small wysdome therefore the sayde Philosopher restrayned talâ—katiue younge men enioyning vnto ech of them fiue yeares silence Aristotle when he sent his scholar and kinseman Calisthenes vnto king Alexander among many other precepts gaue him this one that hee shoulde vse to speake verye seeldome but yet verye pleasauntlye before him that had both the power of lyfe and death in the sharpenes of his tounge such persons also as haue diligently searched the natures of lyuing creatures doe wryte that certayne lyuing creatures lacking reason do maintayn their sauetye with muche silence As geese whiche by reason of too muche heate forsakinge the easte â–ª and flyinge westward in their flyght ouer the hyll Taurus where many Eagles breede which rauenous foules they greatlye dreade doe vse to fyll their beakes
space cooled for if by Nature they had heate in them they wold not so sone become colde And surely vnto me it semeth a thing wonderfull that there are waters ordayned by the prouidence of god medicinable and able to cure all diseases incident vnto mortall men which do not in their curing vexe the diseased persons with slyâ—er sauces Receipts druggs and bitter dilutions neyther torment them with fyre or toole but with a most sweete bathe washing do restore them into their pristinate health Neyther haue y Springs whiche ryse from sulphereous or brimstony soyle these vertues only but those Springs also with passe haue their course through allomye soyle which doth cure the laske resolucion of y sinewes they are very good al 's for them that haue yll digestioÌ„ and yll stomackes Finally they do performe that thing which Asclepiades said was the office of a right good phisician y is to say to cure safely spedely pleasantly bituminous waters also haue their vertues which rather by drincking theÌ„ by bathing do helpe y diseased persoÌ„s for they do make the belly soluble without any payne or griefe do cure almost all the inward diseases of the body by purgation sometime the paynfull wringinge of the intrayles and guttes when they be exâ—lcerated wheÌ„ that excoriacion or bloudynes floweth froÌ„ theÌ„ are herby restored vnto their former health There is also a Nitrous kinde of colde water the drinking whereof doth purge diminisheal vnnatural accesses of the body specially the humours or swelling of the throate or the kinges euill such allomy saltish nitrous Springs yeld forth for the most part an euill smell relish for their ori ginall being from the very lowest partes of the earth do passe through the boate ardent haynes of the same Those that haue written of husbandry do say that euerye kinde of pulse being cast into water and set vppon the fier doth trye the same water very well they be quickly speedely boyled Certayn of the auncient Phisicians affirmed that kind of water to be best which is lightest or els y which being set on the fyre will soonest be boate so that it be cleane and pure vnmossye Al water that is fetchte froÌ„ the moorish or fenny grouÌ„ds is vnholsome so is al y doth not runne but standeth stil or els y whiche runneth through shaddowye places and darcke canes where the Sonne geeueth no shyne but worst of all is snowe dryce water as certayne auncient wrytens haue holden opinioÌ„ Cornelius Colsus doth thus wryte of waters Rayn water is the lightest water y is next is Spring or Wel water then ryuer water and laste of all is pytte water then describeth hee snow or yce water and that standinge water is heauye but the heauiest of all others sayth hee is that which is taken out of a moorish or fenny ground He that throughlye considereth the nature of these thinges wyll wyllingly prouide holesome liquor for the vse of himselfe and his fellowe Cittizens The best situacion for a City is y which is not farre distant froÌ„ the sea or froÌ„ som great nauigable riuer throughe which may be transported caryed out those things wherof we haue to great store and such thinges may bee brought vnto vs wherof wee stand in neede Surelye the mouthes or entries of ryuers haue great oportuâ—â—â—ye 〈…〉 their flowings pleasant tydes do not only enereâ—â—â— pleasure becom most holsom for all cattle sitheÌ„s they may goe easly without any coursing vebemeÌ„t resistaÌ„ce â–ª 〈…〉 water but also do make the fields pastures theruÌ„tâ— adioyning more rancke and fruictfull There is great diuersitie in ryuers euery of theÌ„ hath not coÌ„modity alyke for y riuer Nilus is couÌ„pted y most fertile fruitfullest riuer of al others it floweth through Egipt with great fertilitye for when it â—o hath ouer floweâ— the whole Lande all y Somer tyme it goeth backe agayne into his Chanell and leaueth the fieldes fatted witâ—mâ—ddâ— â–ª and very fruitefull for any tillage insomaâ—h that the inhabitauntes there haue scarcelye any neede of the labour of Oxen or of the helpe of anye husâ—aÌ„â—men to manure the same any further then only to cast thâ—ir seeâ—e theruppon And this do I iudge is to be attributed vnto Nature her selfe the best Parente of all thinges For sithens Egipt was destitute of â—eawe and rayne Nature in supplie thereof gaue thereunto this ryuer whiche should bee able to geeue nourishmeutes vnto Corne and Plantes For the deuine prouidence of God hath appointed innumerable courses of riuers for the vtilitye of the Lande and Soyle through which their course lyeth because no countrye shoulde be altogether without the helpe and furtherance of nature For the increase of the ryuer Nilus doth greately benefite and helpe that countrey because through the great ouerflowing therof many hurtfull beastes breeding there are thereby dispatched drowned except they spedely flye for refuge vnto y higher places vnto whiche Countrye alone these profites and commodities are incident that it neyther hath any cloudes nor cold windes or any thicke exhalacions the water thereof is very sweete insomuche that the Inhabitantes there can easely lyue without wyne and can drincke the same water with great pleasure I suppose the vicinitie or nearenes of the Sea maketh much better for the preseruation and safe keeping of a cittye both for the vse of ciuil lyfe and also for the gathering together of ryches wherewith citties are merueylousâ—ye enâ—â—eased but those Citties are farre more harder to bee besieged which the Sea washeth vpon seeing that to the siege and expugnacion thereof is required not onelye a greate power by Sea but also a greate Armie by land Wherof iâ— the one be wanting the Citizens maye easelye ouâ—â—come the other hoaste when as it shal be harde for y armie by lande to sende any succoure vnto the Nauye by Sea on the other parte the multitude or companye of sea Souldiers may easely be profligated and vanquished by horsemen Therfore conuenient and oportune hauens must bee carefully and wysely chosen out by all theÌ„ that would found and stablishe a Cittye Small fieldes and little Arable groundes easely bringeth dearth of Corne which surely is the cause that thyther is small recourse of people for people pynched with penury and famine be afrayde to mary neyther desireth to haue anye chyldren wherefore in such a couÌ„try they do nothing encrease yea rather the poorer sort hauing respect to their needines famine doe forsake their countrye and seeke to plant themselues in some pleasaunt and fruitfuller soyle elswhere especially if their own couÌ„try be so streite narow that it be not able to feede cattle for next vnto corne cattle whiche greately encreaseth fleshe Mylke and Cheese doe best nourishe As for fishing mee thinckes is not greatly to bee wished for partely because that fishes doe geeue yll nourishement to the bodye and agayne do make