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A36161 A complete dictionary of the Greek and Roman antiquities explaining the obscure places in classic authors and ancient historians relating to the religion, mythology, history, geography and chronology of the ancient Greeks and Romans, their ... rites and customs, laws, polity, arts and engines of war : also an account of their navigations, arts and sciences and the inventors of them : with the lives and opinions of their philosophers / compiled originally in French ... by Monsieur Danet ; made English, with the addition of very useful mapps.; Dictionarium antiquitatum Romanarum et Graecarum. English Danet, Pierre, ca. 1650-1709. 1700 (1700) Wing D171; ESTC R14021 1,057,883 623

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Stuttering but God to confirm him in it gave him the Signs of a Rod's being turned into a Serpent and then re-assuming its former Shape and of his Hand turning Leprous and in a moment being restored to its natural Colour Then he went to see for Pharaob whom he charged from God to let his People go Three Days Journey into the Wilderness to offer Sacrifices unto him But he refused to obey and to let she Hebrews go notwithstanding all the Wonders performed by Moses in his Presence for he saw the Rod which Aaron Moses his Brother had in his Hand turned into a Serpent the Waters of the Nile and all the Springs in Egypt changed into Blood an innumerable Company of Frogs which covered the Face of the Land and entred into his very Palace and the Dust turned into Lice which filled the Air and extreamly tormented both Men and Beasts There came Swarms of large Flyes thither which destroyed whatever they touch'd a suddain Pestilence killed all the Cattle of Egypt without hurting those of the Israelites Men and Beasts were struck with terrible Boils a Storm of Hail accompanied with Thunder and Lightning fell over all Egypt which destroy'd all sorts of Beasts and Men that were in the Fields no other Land being spared but that of Goshen this Storm was succeeded by the largest Locusts that ever were seen in Egypt which destroyed all the Grass Fruits and Harvest A thick Darkness covered the whole Land saving that Part where the Children of Israel dwelt in short a destroying Angel having killed all the First-born of the Egyptians without sparing Pharaoh's own Son the Egyptians pressed the Israelites to go out of their Country and to sacrifice to their God under the Conduct of Moses and his Brother Aaron The Rabies assure us that the Wonders performed by Moses formerly in Egypt and elsewhere were done by means of his Rod which according to what they say was created by God between the Two Vespers of the Sabbath that is on the Evening of the Sixth Day of the World's Creation and upon which in an wonderful Manner the holy great and glorious Name of God was inscribed which they call Tetragrammaton wherefore it s said in the Zoar upon Exodus which is a Commentary upon the Five Books of Moses that the Miracles were graven thereon and that the most holy Name of God was also inscribed and Jonathan the Son of Vziel in his Targum that is in his Paraphrase upon Exodus relates the same Thing these are his Words Rehuel who was Jethro himself or his Father as Rabbi Jonathan seems to take him to be in his 18th Chapter having understood that Moses had made his Escape from Pharaoh put him into a deep Ditch where Sephora his Grand-Daughter fed him for 20 Years after which he took him out thence Moses going one Day into Rehuel's Garden went to Prayers and gave God Thanks for defending and delivering him by his own Power and for having wrought divers Miracles for his sake And perceiving in the said Garden a Rod or Staff which God had created between Sun and Sun that is on the Eve of the Sabbath or 6th Day of the Creation of the World whereon the great and glorious Name of God was graved and by Vertue of which he was one Day to perform great Miracles in Egypt to divide the Red-sea and to strike Water out of the Rock he presently put forth his Hand plucked it from the Earth into which it had been driven and as it were planted got it and carried it away with him The Sentiments of the Author of this Paraphrase are confirmed from what may be read concerning Aaron's Rod in the Pirke Eliezer which is a Book containing the History of the World to the Time of Gamaliel and from the Schaiseleth Hakabala which is another History-book or Chronology from the Beginning of the World But this may be more particularly seen in a very ancient and scarce Commentary entituled Medrasch Vaioscha printed at Constantinople which clears up what is related in the Chaldee Paraphrase and other Authors whereof I have spoken for Moses is there represented giving an Account at large of his Life after this manner When I went out of Egypt I was about 40 Years old and being one Day near unto the Water-pits Sephora who was one of Jeyhro's Daughters came thither and finding her to be modest and very handsom I told her if she pleased I would marry her her Answer consisted of an Account she gave me how her Father used such as sought any of his Daughters in Marriage which was to carry them to a Tree that was planted in the midst of his Graden that had so sad and peculiar a Quality that it presently struck such as came near it dead which when I understood I asked from whence the said Tree was brought she answered That God on the very Eve of the first Sabbath after the Creation of the World created a Rod which he gave to Adam Adam left it to Enoch Enoch to Noah Noah to Sem Sem to Abraham Abraham to Isaac Isaac to Jacob Jacob carried it into Egypt and gave it his Son Joseph after whose Death the Egyptians risted his House and finding the said Rod among the Spoils they carried it to Pharaoh's Court and Jethro who was one of the principal Magistrates of Egypt no sooner saw it but he was desirous to have it and having stole it away carried it to his own House The great Name of God Tetragrammaton was graven thereon with the Explications of it and the Ten Plagues wherewith God afflicted Egypt and as 't was all full of Wonders the same was kept in Jethro's House my Father-in-Law till that going on a Time into his Garden and holding the Rod in his Hand he stuck it in the Ground and endeavouring soon after to pull it out he found it had taken Root that it blossomed and that besides the Flowers it bore also bitter Almonds He left it there and by the Means of this Rod which grew to be a Tree he tried all such as had a Design to marry his Daughters When I was informed of all these Particulars and found the Shepherds would not let Jethro's Daughters draw Water I delivered Sephora and her Sister from the Hands of those rude Fellows took some Water and gave it their Cattle to drink after which they went towards their Father's House and I accompanied them Being come to the House they went in and I staid at the Door and as they were come back that Day sooner than ordinary Jethro asked them the Reason of it they answered That a courteous Egyptian had saved them from the Outrages of the Shepherds When the Daughters had thus acquainted their Father with the Adventure and told him that he who had delivered them was an Egyptian he asked them if they had not return'd him Thanks for his Kindness and bid them call me saying make him come in and let him dine with us
Bacchus not of the Bacchus of Thebes in Greece but of Aegypt who found out the dressing of Vineyards who bears the Name of Osiris and is no other Person but Noah Propé montes Indiae columnae quaedam constitutae sunt columnae Dionysi non Thebani sed Vini Inventoris Vossius shews us the Similitude there is between the History of Moses and Fable of Bacchus Moses says this learned Man was born in Aegypt and Orpheus in the Hymns attributed to him testifies the same of Liber or Bacchus making him the Son of the Goddess Ists and saying that he was born upon the Bank of the River Nyle where Moses was exposed His Nurses may also represent to us the Sister and Mother of Moses to whom Pharaoh's Daughter entrusted Moses to be nursed Moses after his Birth was first exposed upon the Banks of Nile in a little Ark made of Bulrushes woven together Pausanias also relates that the Brasiatae in Laccdemonia in Greece affirm that they took their Name from the little Boat or Ship wherein Bacchus being shut up was cast upon their Coast 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Incolae ea sermontbus vulgarunt quae neutiquam alii Graecorum Populi confitentur Semelem quidem Jovi Liberum patrem peperisse a Cadino vero deprehensam cum puero recens Nato in arcam conjectam eam arca●n aestu jactatam in fines suos ejectam The Name of Moses comes from his being taken out of the Waters Moses i. e. extra●tus Orpheus in his Hymns or in his Mysteries gives to Bacchus the name of Moses and calls him a Person born of the Waters 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Moses had two Mothers One that bore him and another that adopted him and educated and kept him in the Kings Palace 40 Years and we know the Reason why Bacchus was called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Child of two Mothers because Jupiter compleated what was wanting of his time Bacchus was educated in a Mountain of Arabia called Nysa Diodorus Siculus and several others make mention of it and we know that Moses lived Forty Years in Arabia before he returned into Aegypt to take upon him the Conduct and Government of the Children of Israel Moses also is well known to have frequented Mount Sinai which by a small Transposition of Letters is Nysa and 't is possible that Mountain might have those two Names Vossius also observes that the Alexandrtan Chronicle speaking of Twelve famous Mountains uses these Words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Some say that Nysa was a City which stood upon Mount Meros which signifies in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Thigh and from thence came the Fable of Jupiter's Thigh Others think that Nysa stood upon the side of a Mountain which the Hebrews call Jarkere har crura Montis Plutarch speaks of the Banishment of Bacchus which is apparently the Flight of Moses into Arabia after he had slain an Aegyptian who was about to kill an innocent Israelite But the Poet Nonnus who has written the Fable of Bacchus at large speaks plainly of the Flight of Bacchus towards the Red Sea 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 He could not have spoken any thing more positive nor more exactly like the History of Moses stripped and freed from the Disguise of the Fable of Bacchus Moses had many Battles in Arabia and gained glorious Victories also Diodorus Siculus relates out of the Poet Antimachus how Bacchus found a Potent Enemy there which was Lycurgus King of Arabia who had resolved to destroy him and all his Menades or Bacchae The Army of Bacchus which over-run all Arabia with him was made up of Men and Women according to Diodorus Siculus We know also that Moses passed through all the Deserts of Arabia with an Army of 600000 fighting Men but it was followed with a much greater Number of Women and Children Orpheus in his Hymns Euripides in his Bacchae and Sophocles in certain Verses set down by Strado say that Bacchus had upon his Forehead the Horns of a Bull 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 which agrees with the Horns of Light i. e. those luminous Rays which came from the Face of Moses when he returned from Conversing with the Oracle of God The Hebrews give this Ray of Light the name of an Horn Koren whence comes the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of the Greeks and the Cornu of the Latins to which agrees the Latin Translation quod cornuta esset facies Mosis Moses struck the Rock which his Rod and there came out a Stream of Living Water now Euripides in his Bacchae says as much of a Baccha that followed Bacchus Thyrsum autem quaedam arripiens percussit Petram aquae processri humor One of the most faithful Servants of Moses is Celeb who gave such illustrious Proofs of his Courage and Fidelity when he went to observe and discover the promised Land and brought back with the other Spies that famous bunch of Grapes In like manner the Poets make a Dog to have been the Companion of Baccbus the Hebrew word Celeb signifying a Dog Nonnus relates the Discourse of Bacchus when he translated his Dog to the Stars and made a Constellation of it called Maera or the Little Dog which contributes to the ripening of the Grapes Orpheus gives Bacchus the Title of a Law-giver 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 attributing to him a double Law as if he alluded to the Two Tables of the Law of Moses or to Deuteronomy which is one of the Books of Moses Lastly Vossius observes that 't is absolutely necessary to distinguish between the Bacchus of the Indians and Bacchus of Aegypt and Arabia which is Moses and acknowledges that these are as it were the two Originals from which the Greeks have taken the Copy of their Bacchus of Thebes who is much later than that of Aegypt as this Posterior to that of the Indies Eusebius has observed that Osiris is the same with Bacchus as well as Diodorus Siculus who tells us that Cadmus made the Bastard Son of his Daughter Semele to pass for the Son of Jupiter and for another Ofiris and how Orpheus brought all the Worship of Ofiris or Dionysius and Bacchus into Greece The same Authors relate elsewhere that Cadmus was obliged by the Commands of his Father Agenor King of Phaenicia to go and find out Europa his Sister stolen away by Jupiter and not finding her he staid in Boeotia where he built the City of Thebes and that Semele conceived by Jupiter and had Bacchus by him but Eusebius tells us at the same time that the Greeks had done nothing but copied out the Actions of other Nations more ancient than themselves and Diodorus Siculus owns in the same Place that there was another Bacchus more ancient named SABAZIUS the Son of Jupiter and Proserpina whose Mysteries were celebrated in the Night This BACCHUS SABAZIUS was a Phoenician and one of the Gods Cabiri according to the Scholiast of Apollonius of Rhodes Quidam ferunt Cabiros prius fuisse duos
World would have been but confusedly known and the most celebrated Actions would be buried in profound Oblivion The Alphabet of every Language is composed of a certain Number of these Letters or Characters which have a different Sound Form and Signification The English and Greek have each 24 Letters the Latin commonly 23 and the Hebrew 22 without Points The Art of Writing has not been perfected all at once several Ages were required to supply what was defective in those Shapes of Animals the Ancients used as may appear by Tacitus The Egyptians according to his Account believed themselves to be the Inventers of it but 't is more likely that the Hebrews or as almost all the Ancients call them the Chaldeans or Phaenicians were their Masters as we learn from that Verse in Lucan Phaenices primi famae si creditur Ausi Mansuram rudibus vocem signare Figuris Whence it was that those Letters were called Phaenician ones by the Greeks Yet Diodorus Siculus reports that that was certain and that it was only believed that they did not invent but change the Form of Letters which is not unlikely since Quintus Curtius says of them if the Relation is to be believed that they were the first that invented Letters and shewed the Use of them St. Augustine also with many others is of Opinion that the People of God had learned them of the first Fathers as of Moses And that before the Deluge it self the first Characters according to Josephus had been engraven upon Pillars which Seth caused to be erected in Syria for the Preservation of the Sciences he had discovered This agrees with what Pliny says concerning the Assyrian Letters that they are no other than the Hebrew or Chaldean As for my self says that Author I believe the Assyrian Letters were always in being Hyginus attributes to the Distinies the Invention of the following Greek Letters A B H I T Γ. And 't is for that Reason Martianus Capella calls them the Secretaries of Heaven Josephus in the Beginning of his Jewish Antiquities rejecting the Opinion of the Greeks and Egyptians will have us to believe that the Grecians came very late to the Knowledge of Letters that they received them from the Phaenicians and not from Cadmus seeing at that time there were no Inscriptions found in the Temples of their Gods nor in the publick Places it being certain the Greeks had nothing of greater Antiquity than the Works of Homer tho' Cicero in his Orator entituled Brutus tells us they had Poets more ancient than Homer who contented themselves with rehearsing their Poems by heart because they had not yet found out the Use of Writing or of Letters Pliny Lib. 7. Chap. ●6 will have the most ancient Letters to have been the Assyrian and that Cadmus about the Year of the World 2520 above 250 Years before the Trojan War brought Sixteen of them from Phaenicia into Greece viz. A B C D E G I L M N O P R S T V to which Palamedes during the Trojan War had added Four Θ Ξ φ T. Herodotus will have it That the Phaenicians who came with Cadmus into Greece brought Writing Characters thither which Diodorus Simulus also affirms but at the same time he shews these Letters were not the same which Cadmus brought with him seeing they had had them there before the Deluge of Deucalion and that he did no more than revive the Use of them Eupolemius attributes the first Invention of Letters to Moses who gave them to the Jews long before Cadmus his Time and the Jews to the Phaenicians who were their Neighbours Philo the Jew ascribes them to Abraham a long Time before Moses and Josephus in the First Book of his Antiquities carries the Matter still farther as high as Adam's Children even to Seth who engraved the Characters thereof upon Two Pillars Moses his first Characters were not those Hebrew ones used now which were invented by Ezra after the Babilonish Captivity but those which were called Samaritan according to St. Jerome in his Preface to the Book of Kings And this is agreeable to the Sentiments of some Rabbins who ground the same upon the Samaritans having always the Law of Moses written in the Five Books called the Pentateuch in their own Characters and that the same were inscribed upon ancient Medals of Gold and Silver which were found in Jerusalem and divers other Parts of Palesline But this Opinion is not without its Difficulty as may be seen by the Talmud where Marsuka says that the Law was first given to the Children of Israel in Hebrew Characters but that afterwards Ezra put it into the Aramean Tongue and Assyrian Characters There are some Authors who maintain that Moses made use of two sorts of Characters one which is the Hebrew for Sacred Things and the other which is the Samaritan for prophane Matters and of which last the Chaldeans made use and that the Greek and Latin Characters were formed of these the last of which being no other than the Greek Capitals according to the Testimony of Pliny who proves it by an ancient Inscription engraven upon Brass and brought from Delphos to Rome 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 And he says in Chap. 56. These were Assyrian Letters or according to some Authors Syriac But they are rather Samaritan which besides the Aleph and Jod are so like the Greek and Latin ones if they be considered and taken upside down that they are almost the same thing Eusebius confirms the same Matter by the Greeks own Denomination or Imitation of Caldaism therein by their adding an A as in Alpha instead of Aleph Beta for Beth Gamma for Gimel Delta for Deleth c. Simonides Evander and Demaratus were the first that brought Letters into Italy the one from Arcadia and the other from Corinth the last into Tuscany and the other to that Part of the Country where he settled In a Word the ancient Greek Letters were very like ours but we had but a very few of them at first the rest were since added The Emperor Claudins in Imitation of the Ancients invented Three Letters that continued in Use during his Reign and were abolish'd after his Death The Form of them are still to be seen in the Temples and other publick Places of Rome upon the Copper Plates whereon the Decrees of the Senate were engraven The Hebrews made a Division of their Letters into Guttural viz. ab cb gn Dental z s r Labial b m n p and those of the Tongue viz. d t l n. Crinitus says Moses invented the Hebrew Letters Abraham the Syriac and Chaldee the Phaenicians those of Attica ●ighteen whereof Cadmus brought into Greece and which the Pelasgi carried into Italy and Nicostrates the Latin Letters The Egyptians instead of Letters used the Figures of Animals and of Birds which they called Hieroglyphicks and were invented by Isis The Gothick or Toledo Letters were invented by Guesila Bishop of the Goths The Letters F G H K Q X