from whence if we be disposed we may retire with most ease Then Cherisophus and Xenophoâ— and Callimachus the Parrhasian Captaine for he had the leading of the Captaines of the Reare that day began to aduance The rest of the Captaines remained in safetie in the place where they were Then about 70 Souldiers got to the trees not thronging together but one by one each of them heedfull to auoid the danger as he could Agasias the Sâ—ymphalian and Aristonymus the Methydrian who were also Captaines in the Reare and some other stood behinde the trees for it was not safe for more than a Company to shelter themselues there Here Callimachus put in practise a deuice of his owne Hee ranne two or three steps from the tree behinde which hee stood and when the stones came rowling downe hee quickly retired Vpon euery stepping forth of his were spent more than ten waggons of stones When Agasias saw what Callimachus did and that it was in the sight of the army fearing he would be the first that should enter the hold neither signifying any thing to Aristonymus that stood next him nor yet to Eurylochus the Lusian who were both his Companions nor to any other he put forward and outwent all the rest Callimachus seeing him passe by caugâ—t hold of the circumference of his Target In the meane time Aristonymus the Methydrian and Eurylochus the Lucian came by for all these were at contention and strife amongst themselues which of them should be esteemed the most valiant in this emulation they entred the place No sooner had one of them entred but the tumbling downe of stoâ—es was staid A grieuous spectacle was thence-forth there to be beheld The women after they had cast downe their children from the Rocke threw themselues after and so did the men There also Aeneas the Stymphalian Captaine seeing one that had on a faire garment running to cast himselfe downe laid hold vpon him to saue him But the other drawing him on both tumbled headlong downe together and immediately died of the fall In this place were few men but multitudes of Oxen Asses and Sheepe taken From thence they marched thorow the Chalybiaâ—s Countrey 50 Parasangs in seuen encampings That Nation was the valiantest of all that the Grecians passed thorow and such as durst come to handie blowes with them They bore Linen Curaces that reached downe to their bellies and in stead of wings had thicke ropes wound and fastened together They had besides Greaues and Head-peeces and on their Girdle a short Sword like a Lacedemonian Cemiterie wherewith they slay them whom they ouercome and cutting off their heads returne to their friends singing and dancing especially if it be in the enemies sight They haue furthermore a Pike of about fifteene Cubits long armed at one end with a head of Yron They remained in Townes and when the Grecians passed by they followed them still skirmishing Afterward they remoued into strong places and conueighed their prouision thither So that the Grecians could get nothing there but were faine to feed vpon the cariage-beasts which they tooke from the Tacchans From thence they departed to the Riuer Harpasus a Riuer of foure Plethers bredth and then thorow the Scythinians Countrey 20 Parasangs in foure encampings It was a plaine Countrey and in it they found villages in which they remained three daies making prouision of Corne. From thence they proceeded in foure encampings 20 Parasangs and came to a great wealthy and well inhabited Citie named Gymnias The Lieutenant of the Country sent the Grecians a guide to leade them thorow the enemies Countrey Himselfe comming vnto them told them that he in person would within fiue daies bring them to a place from whence they should see the Sea if not he refused not to be put to death When he was come into his enemies Countrey he willed them to burne and destroy the Land Whereby appeared that no good affection he bare them but the losse of the enemie was the only cause he came vnto the Grecians The fifth day they came to the holy Mountaine which was called Theches Assoone as they first came to the top of the Mountaine and saw the Sea there was much shouting and hollowing Xenophon and the Reare hearing it imagined that some enemie gaue vpon the Vant. For there were that followed them out of the Countrey which they had fired and of them some were taken others slaine by the Reare which laid an ambush for them and they got besides 20 wicker Targets couered with raw and hairie hides of Oxen. When the cry grew more and more and those that came after still ran with all speed to the other that cried in the Vant and as more trooped together the cry the more increased Xenophon conceiued it was not without great cause Therefore getting to hors-backe and taking with him Lucius and the Horse he speeded on to succour They heard streight way the voices of Souldiers comforting one another crying The Sea the Sea whereupon they ran all forward both they that came in the Reare and also the cariage-beasts and Horses When all were come to the top of the Mountaine they fell to embracing both of one another and also of the Coronels and Captaines and that not without teares and presently it is not knowne by whose commandement the Souldiers caried together stones and raised vp a great heape and laid thereon a number of Targets couered with raw Oxe hides and of staues and of wicker targets taken from the enemy The guide himselfe cut asunder the wicker targets perswaded the rest to do the like After this the Grecians sent away their guide hauing giuen him a Horse a siluer bowle a Persian sute of apparell 10 Daricks Aboue all other things he desired the rings they wore had a great many giuen him by the Souldiers And so shewing them a village wherein they might lodge and the way that led to the Macrons assoone as the euening approched he departed holding on his iourney by night From thence the Grecians marched forward thorow the Macrons Countrey 10 Parasangs in three encampings The next day they came as far as the riuer that diuideth the territories of the Macrons of the Scythinians on their right hand they had a very steep mountaine hard to ascend on their left another riuer into which the riuer that diuideth the countries did run and thorow that riuer they must needs passe It was beset with thick trees albeit not standing very closely together These trees the Grecians cut down when they came to the riuer side making as great diligence as they could to rid themselues out of the Countrey The Macrons armed with wicker targets with pikes and coats made of haire stood imbattelled on the aduerse side of the riuer incouraging one another and casting stones into the riuer which notwithstanding reached not the Grecians nor hurt any man There
one of the targetiers came to Xenophon and told him that he had serued as a slaue in Athens added that he seemed to know the language of the enemy I thinke quoth he that this is mine own country and if you thinke good I would faine speake with them You may do it freely quoth Xenophon if you lift and know of them first what people they are They answered they were Macrons Aske them againe quoth he why they oppose against vs in armes desire to be our enemies They answered because you go about to inuade our countrey The Coronels willed the interpreter to say they came not to offer wrong but hauing made war against the king they returned into Greece and would faine come to the Sea The Macrons asked the Grecians againe whether they would giue assurance of that they said Who answered they were readie to giue take assurance Hereupon the Macrons gaue to the Grecians a Barbarian speare and the Grecians a Grecian speare to them For they said that this was the manner of assurance amongst them But both parties called the gods to witnesse After assurance giuen the Macrons helped the Grecians to cut down trees leuelled the way to further our passage came and conuersed with the Grecians furnishing out such a market as they were able and led them forward three daies iourney till they had set them vpon the Colchan mountaines There was in that countrey a high Mountaine but yet passable vpon which the Colchans had ranged themselues in battell At the first the Grecians ordered their troops against them in a Phalange as if they purposed to inuade the Mountaine in that forme Xenophon aduised them that laying aside the forme of a Phalange the best course would be to put themselues into single Companies drawne out in File For a Phalange said he will soone be broken by reason of the inequalitie of way which in some part of the Mountaine will be easie enough in other parts hard to ascend And it will quickly discourage the Souldiers to see the Phalange disordered in which they march Furthermore if we aduance in a large Front the enemie that exceedeth vs in number will ouer-front vs and vse his multitude to most aduantage if in a narrow Front it will be no maruell to see our Phalange cut in peeces with the number of missiue weapons and with multitude of men that will fall vpon it which comming to passe in any part the whole Phalange will be distressed Therefore as I said I hold it best to order our selues in companies stretched out in file or depth euery companie hauing such distance from other that the out-most companies may ouer-front and be without the points of the enemies wings So shall we both gain the aduantage of ouer-fronting their army marching on the companies being in file our best men shall first giue on vpon the enemie And let euerie companie make choise of the fittest way for ascent Now for the spaces betwixt each companie it will not be easie for the enemie to enter them the companies flancking euerie space nor yet to cut off a companie aduancing in such depth And if any companie chance to be distressed the next companie is to succour it And in case any one of the companies attaine the top of the Hill assure your selues no enemie will keepe his ground The aduice was approued by all and they drew their companies euerie one into a File Xenophon going from the right wing to the left said to the Souldiers These ô Souldiers whom you see are the only hindrance of our passage thither whither we haste with so great desire If it be possible we must deuoure them raw When euerie man was in his place and euerie companie in File the companies of the armed amounted to about 80 in number and euerie companie contained well-neere 100 men The Targetiers and Archers were diuided into three parts One part marched without the left Wing another without the right the third in the middest Then the Coronels commanded the Souldiers to pray When they had praied they sang the Pâ—an and so aduanced forward and the enemie made head against them Cherisophus and Xenophon and the Targetiers with them being without the points of the enemies battell marched on The enemie perceiuing it sought to meet them and some of them drawing to the right some to the left hand they rent their Phalange asunder and left much void space in the middest When the Arcadian Peltasts whose Captaine Aeschines the Acarnan was saw them distracted and seuered they imagined they fled and ran on with as much speed as they could They were the first that gained the Mountaine The armed Arcadians commanded by Cleanor the Orchomenian followed at their heeles The enemie stood firme in no place after they saw them come running on but fled some one way some another So the Grecians ascending the Mountaine quartered in many Villages replenished with all things necessarie In other things there was no cause of maruell only there were many Bee-hiues the Hony-combes whereof whosoeuer eat they became euerie man mad and scoured vpward and downeward and none was able to stand vpon their feet They that eat but a little were like drunken that eat much like mad and some like dead men and there lay so many vpon the ground that a man would haue thought an ouerthrow had been receiued from an enemie which caused much discouragement amongst the Troopes The next day there was no man found dead and they came to their right sense about the same houre they fel into their malady The third fourth day after they arose as if they had receiued some medicine From thence they marched seuen Parasangs in two encampings came to the sea side to Trapezond a Grecian city well inhabited which is situate vpon the Euxine Sea being a Colonie of the Sinopeans planted in the Colchan Countrey They remained about 30 dayes in the Colchan countrey spoiling preying it The Trapezuntines exhibited a Market to the Campe and gaue the Grecians gifts of hospitalitie viz. Oxen Meale and Wine entertaining them kindly They transacted likewise for the next neighbour Colchans especially for those that inhabited the Plaine from whom also were sent gifts of hospitalitie which were for the most part Oxen. Here the Armie prepared the sacrifice which they had vowed for a sufficient number of Oxen was sent vnto them to Iupiter the sauiour to Hercules who had so well guided and protected them in their whole iourney They praied likewise to other gods Besides they ordeined Games of exercise in the Mountaine where they encamped chose Dracontius the Lacedemonian who being yet a boy fled his Countrey for killing another boy with the stroke of a Cimitery against his will to order the running and to be president of the Games When the sacrifice was ended they gaue the beasts skins to Dracontius willed him to leade
and danced in Armes to the Flute and capred aloft nimbly and vsed Swords At the last one strooke another in such sort that one of them fell and euerie man conceiued that he was deadly wounded But the stroke was artificially giuen at which notwithstanding the Paphlagonians cried out as men are wont to doe in feare After he that strooke the other taking the spoile of his Armes departed singing a Thracian Song which they call Sitalca Other Thracians taking the body of him that fell caried it out as if he had beene dead whereas indeed he had no manner of harme Next after them the Aenians and Magnetians arose and danced the dance commonly called the Seed-dance in their armes The manner of the dance is this One of them laying by his armes soweth the land and driueth on his Oxen in the plow looking often backe as though he were afraid The theefe approacheth The other as soone as he seeth him snatcheth vp his armes and fighteth with him before the Plow All this is performed in measure to the Flute At the last the theefe bindeth the Plow-man and driueth away the Oxen and sometime the Plow-man bindeth the theefe and fastneth him to the Oxen his hands tied behinde him and so driueth away After this a Mysian came in bearing in each hand a Target and sometimes he danced making semblance as if he opposed against two sometime he vsed the Targets as it were against one man sometimes he whirled about in a circle and tumbled ouer his head holding the Targets still in his hands So that it was a pleasant sight to behold him Lastly he danced the Persian dance clapping his Targets together one against another and kneeled downe and straightwayes stood vp againe and all this he did by measure to the sound of the Flute Then the Mantinaeans and some other Arcadians stood vp armed as seemingly as they could and moued in measure the Flute sounding a point of warre and sung the Paean and danced as the manner is in supplications to the gods The Paphlagonians seeing this wondred that all dances were performed in armes The Mysian to increase their wonder after hee had gotten the assent of an Arcadian that had a dancing woman in his possession brought her in arming her as gorgeously as he might with a light Target in her hand She danced the dance called Pyrrhice with great agilitie and nimblenesse Hereupon there arose a great clapping of hands and the Paphlagonians asked whether women also were their companions in fight To whom answer was made that the women were they who beat the King of Persia out of the Grecian Campe. This was the end of that nights sport The next day they brought the Ambassadours to the Army and the Souldiers decreed that the Paphlagonians should doe them no wrong nor they any to the Paphlagonians So the Ambassadours departed The Grecians when they imagined they had sufficient store of shipping gathered together went aboord and sailing forward that day and night with a faire gale they left Paphlagonia on their left hand and the next day they came as farre as Sinope and cast anchor before Harmene a Port of the Sinopaeans The Sinopaeans inhabite a part of Paphlagania and are a Colonie of Milesians They sent hospitall gifts to the Grecians 3000 Medimnes of meale of wine 1500 Amphores Thither came Cherisophus with some gallies which he had prouided The Souldiers expected him and were in hope that when he came he would bring them some good â—idings He brought them only newes that Anaxibius the Admirall and the rest commended them much and that Anaxibius promised they should haue ready pay if they would come out of Pontus The army remained at Harmene fiue dayes The neerer they seemed to come to Greece the more carefull they were to get and to furnish themselues with something before they came home They were of opinion therefore that if they did chuse one Generall that that one should haue a more vniforme and a more absolute command ouer the Army both by night and by day than if the command were in many hands And if any thing were to be kept secret it might be better concealed if to be preuented it should receiue the lesse hindrance For there needed no conference and the resolution of one might quickly be put in execution whereas heretofore all things passed by pluralitie of voices of the Coronels Being in this conceit they turned to Xenophon and the Captaines comming to him told what the affection of the Army was and euery of them out of their loue perswaded him to take vpon him the command Xenophon himselfe was desirous of the place thinking that both his honour might hereby grow greater and his name more esteemed both with his friends and Citie and it might fall out that he might be occasion of some good to the Army These thoughts lifted him vp to desire the Generall-ship But when he weighed in his minde that no man fore-knew the euent of things to come and that hereby he might hazard his former reputation he began to be in doubt and being not able to resolue it seemed best to counsell with the gods He called therefore to him two Priests and sacrificed to Iupiter the King of gods who by the Oracle of Delphos was appointed his Councellour in matters to come and hee beleeued that the dreame which he saw when hee first was chosen Coronell of the Army proceeded from Iupiter And he remembred that when he went out of Ephesus to follow Cyrus an Eagle croaked at his right hand sitting on the ground which the sooth-sayer that accompanied him at that time said to be a great augury portending more than the estate of a priuate man and that it was illustrious but yet notwithstanding laborious For birds vse not to molest the Eagle by falling vpon her saue onely when she sitteth on the ground Further that no great profit was signified by the token because the Eagle taketh her prey rather when she is on wing The god therefore when he sacrificed foretold apparantly that he was neither to seeke after the Generalls place nor yet to accept of it if it were offered him This was the issue of that businesse Now the Army being assembled it was the opinion of all that one Generall was to be chosen and their choice inclined to Xenophon who when he saw if they went to the election their resolution would be to giue him the place he stood vp and spake thus I ô Souldiers if I be a man haue cause to be glad of this honour which you offer vnto me and to giue you thankes and to pray to God that any occasion may be ministred whereby I may be able to doe you seruice But to chuse me your Generall a Lacedemonian being present seemeth neither for your nor yet for mine owne auaile in as much as if hereafter you shall happen to stand
that as soone as they see vs they will gather together willingly This day so ended The next day Seuthes and Heraclides brought the Lacedemonians to the armie and the armie assembled together The Lacedemonians said Our City is resolued to make warre vpon Tissaphernes who hath wronged you If therefore you will goe with vs you shall both reuenge your selues vpon your enemy and also haue euery one of you a Daricke the month for your pay a Captaine twice a Coronell foure times as much The Souldiers gladly heard this newes and by and by there stood vp an Arcadian accusing Xenophon Seuthes remained there to heare what the issue would be and hee stood within hearing hauing an Interpreter with him albeit he also of himselfe vnderstood the most part of that which was spoken in Greeke Then the Arcadian said We ô Lacedemonians had beene with you long agoe if by Xenophons perswasion we had not beene brought hither where lying in the field this sore Winter we neither night nor day haue taken rest He in the meane time hath the fruit of our labour Seâ—thes hath priuately made him rich and defrauded vs of our pay So that if I that speake first If I said he might see him stoned to death and punished for leading vs into this countrey I should account my selfe satisfied of my pay and not be grieued hereafter with any thing that is past After him stood vp another and then another Hereupon Xenophon spake thus What may not a man expect when I am accused by you of that wherein my conscience witnesseth with me that I haue beene most desirous to doe you good I was now returning home when hearing that it was not well with you nay rather that you were brought to all extremitie I returned to doe you seruice and to assist you in any thing I could After my comming Seuthes sending many messengers vnto me and promising many things in case I perswaded you to come vnto him you know I refused and led you thither from whence I thought you might with most facilitie be transported into Asia For I held it the best course and knew you most desired it But when Aristarchus with his Gallies intercepted our passage I thereupon called you together as it was needfull to consult what was to be done You would not then heare Aristarchus that commanded you to march into Cherronesus but yeelded to Seuthes that desired to entertaine you and it was not one but all of you that desired to goe with Seuthes and all of you made the decree Say then wherein I haue wronged you hauing led you to the place whither you all desired to goe But when Seuthes began to defraud you of your pay if I then commended him or allowed of his dealing you haue good cause to accuse hate me But if before that time I was most in his fauour and now furthest out is it right that preferring you before him you should accuse me for that which is the cause that he and I are at difference But you will say now I haue gotten from Seuthes that which was yours I may cast a faire colour before your eies Is it not then manifest that if Seuthes haue giuen me any thing he hath so giuen it that hee meant not to lose it and yet pay you your due I should thinke that in bestowing on me the lesse his purpose was to hold the greater from you If your opinion be such you may if you please make the negotiation betwixt him and me void by demanding your pay For it is plaine that if I haue beene bribed he will demand the bribe againe in case I performe not the contract But my conscience telleth me that I am farre from intercepting any thing of yours For I sweare vnto you by all the gods and the goddesses that Seuthes hath not performed to me that he promised me for mine owne particular Hee is present and heares and knowes whether I forsweare my selfe or no. And that you may maruell the more I haue not receiued so much as other Coronels nor so much as some Captaines And why haue I done this Mine opinion was the more I suffered pouertie with him the more he would be my friend when his abilitie was greater Now I both see him in prosperitie and know what disposition he is of Some will say Shame you not to be so childishly deceiued Truly I should be ashamed if I were ouer-reached by an enemie But it is more shame for a friend to deceiue than to be deceiued And if there be any caution to be vsed toward a friend I know you all haue carefully endeuoured not to giue occasion of withholding from you that which he hath promised you We haue neither wronged him in any thing nor fore-slowed his affaires nor for feare left any thing vndone that he hath commanded But you will say assurance that he should not deceiue though he would was then to be taken Heare I pray you that which I would neuer say against him were not you too vniust and vnthankfull toward me For you may remember in what case you were when I led you to Seuthes If you were disposed to goe into Perinthus did not Aristarchus the Lacedemonian shut the gates against you and keepe you out of the Citie Encamped you not in the field Was it not the middest of Winter The market you had how was it furnished What monie had you wherewith to buy You must remaine in Thrace for the Gallies lay at anchor forbidding your transport Remaining there you must be in the enemies countrie where there were many Horse and Peltasts You had armed Foot indeed with which approching the village wee might haue seised vpon corne though not much but chace we could not giue nor take slaues nor cattle For I was with you and neither saw many Horse nor Peltasts In this necessitie if I ioined Seâ—thes vnto you who had both Horse and Peltasts when you wanted both had I not deserued well albeit I had procured you no pay For after you were assisted with them found you not more plentie of come in the villages because the Thracians were driuen to a speedie flight And you failed not of captiues and cattle nor saw we an enemie since we had Horse whereas before he followed vs boldly with Horse and Peltasts and suffered vs not to disperse in little troopes or to take prouision in any quantitie If therefore he that wrought this securitie for you had added no pay vnto it this would haue beene the greatest wrong you had suffered and for this were he in your iudgement vnworthy to liue But now how depart you Spent you not the Winter in plentie of all things And for ouer-plus had you not that which was giuen you by Seuthes You haue all this while liued vpon the enemie and neither seene any of the Armie slaine nor miscarrying aliue Besides if you haue done any thing praise-worthy against the Barbarians in Asia you
he knowes how to doe it as well as any man but if they resolue the contrarie we will all returne ouer the riuer backe againe So shall it come to passe that Cyrus will vse vs both for Garrisons and for Commanders as the most obedient and most faithfull souldiers of his Armie and if there bee any thing else you shall request of him I assure my selfe you shall finde him your especiall friend The souldiers hearing this yeelded to his perswasion and passed the riuer before the other could resolue vpon an answer Cyrus perceiuing they were passed ouer was glad at heart and sent Glous vnto them willing him to say in his name Cyrus at this present praiseth and commendeth you but he will indeuour to giue you cause hereafter to praise him else would he not haue you thinke him to be Cyrus The souldiers filled with great hopes wished him good successe in all designes It is said he sent rich presents vnto Menon This done he passed the riuer and the whole Armie after him and not a man was wet aboue his brests in wading ouer The Thapsacens report that the riuer was neuer passed ouer on foot before but with shipping alone which Abrocomas had burnt to the intent to hinder Cyrus in his passage This seemed to be a miracle and that the riuer gaue way to Cyrus portending hee should be King From thence in nine encampings hee marched fiftie Parasangs thorow Syria and they came to the riuer Araxes where were many villages replenished with Corne and Wine There remained they three dayes and made prouision of victualls From thence in fiue encampings in the wildernesse he marched thorow Arabia 35 Parasangs hauing Euphrates on the right hand The territorie of this Countrey was a Plaine all ouer euen like vnto the Sea but full of wormewood and if any shrubs or reeds grew there they yeelded a sweet sauour like vnto spices but there was not a tree to be seene Of vntamed beasts the most were wilde Asses and not a few Ostriches There were also Bustards and wilde Goats These asses being chaced first fled on afore and afterward turned and stood at a gaze for they were much swifter than a horse again did the like when a horse came neere them So that it was a matter impossible to take them vnlesse the horsemen hunted with their horses placed in distance and taking the chace one from another The flesh of them being caught is in taste like a red Deere sauing that it is a little more tender No man could lay hand vpon an Ostrich and the horsemen that gaue her chace soone quitted it For she runs away flying vsing her feet for course lifting vp her selfe with her wings as it were with the sailes of a ship As for the Bustards they are easily caught if a man sodainly spring them for they both make a short flight as Partriges doe and are soone weary The flesh of them is very delicate pleasant Proceeding on thorow this country the Armie came to the Riuer Masca which carrieth 100 foot in bredth Here was a great Citie but dispeopled named Corsote which hath the Riuer Masca running round about it where they staied three daies making prouision for the Armie From hence in thirteene encampings in the wildernesse Cyrus marched 90 Parasangs hauing Euphrates on his right hand came to the streights In these encampings many carriage-beasts were lost for want of food The inhabitants digging out and fashioning milstones about the riuer carried them to Babylon and sold them buying with the price victualls to maintaine their liues The Army was now destitute of victuall neither was there any to be bought elsewhere than only in the Lydian market amongst the Barbariās that followed Cyrus where a Capitha of meale was sold for foure Sicles a Sicle is valued at 7 Attick Oboli a half and a Capitha containes 2 Atticke Chaenices The Souldiers therefore fed vpon flesh These encampings were a great distance one from another they fell out to be the longer because Cyrus was forced to march on till he came either to water or fodder And if it chanced that the way leading thorow streights or mire were hardly passable for the Chariots Cyrus would stay with the best and gallantest of his traine command Glous or Pigres to take some of the Barbarian army draw the Chariots out of the mire And in case they seemed too slow he would as it were in anger command the strongest of the Persians that followed him to put to their hands and free the chariots There might a man haue beheld no smal peece of obedience For casting off their skarlet cloaks called Candyes in the place where euery one stood they hasted as if a man should runne for a wager euen against the steepnesse of hills being clad with rich coats and embrodered breeches some of them with chaines of gold about their neckes and bracelets about their wrests and yet with these leaping quickly into the mire they hoysed and brought out the wagons sooner than a man would haue imagined In a word Cyrus spared no manner of diligence all the way to haste the iourney forward staying in no place vnlesse there where he must needs furnish himselfe with prouision or else set downe for some other necessary cause conceiuing the more speed he made the rather he should surprise the King and fall vpon him at vnawares and the more he loitered the greater Armie the King should be able to raise For it was easie for any man that would marke to perceiue that the Kings dominion was strong in largenesse of Territories and multitudes of men but weake in length of waies and separation of his forces in case warre were roundly moued against him Beyond Euphrates and the encampings in the wildernesse there was a great and rich Citie the name whereof was Carmanda out of which the Armie made their prouision passing ouer in boats which boats were contriued vpon the sudden in this sort The skins which they vsed for couerings they filled with light hay and chaffe binding and sowing them so close that the water could not come into the chaffe and vpon those they went ouer and got prouision which was wine pressed out of Palme nuts corne called Millet whereof there was great plentie in this country Here a controuersie falling out betwixt a Souldier of Clearchus and another of Menons Regiment Clearchus commanded Menons Souldier to be beaten iudging him to be in the wrong This Souldier went to his owne quarter and complained hereof to his companions and they hearing what had passed grew discontent and angry with Clearchus The same day Clearchus going to the passage of the riuer and there viewing the Market rid backe to his owne Tent with small attendance thorow Menons quarter Cyrus was not yet arriued but was vpon the way comming forward It fortuned at the same time that one of
doe the King good seruice if he pleased to be their friend For whether he were disposed to employ them otherwise or else in the warres against Aegypt they would vndertake to bring it vnder his subiection By this time came Clearchus asked whether they had yet giuen answer to the messengers or no Phalinus told him that the Coronels answered one one another another thing But I pray said he let vs heare your answer For my part quoth Clearchus I am glad to see you Phalinus and so I thinke are the rest of vs here present For you are a Graecian and we being so many in number as you behold and in this estate would willingly be aduised by you what were best to be done in that which is propounded vnto vs. Therefore we desire you for Gods cause to declare vnto vs what course in your opinion will be safest and most honourable for vs which also being reported in time to come may bring you reputation namely that Phalinus being sent a messenger from the King vnto the Graecians with commandement to deliuer vp their armes gaue such and such aduice For you know that the counsell which you giue vs cannot but be related in Greece Thus much insinuated Clearchus being desirous that Phalinus the Kings messenger should aduise the Graecians not to deliuer vp their armes that therby they might gather heart and receiue the greater encouragement But Phalinus withdrawing himselfe a little and streight-waies returning spake thus contrary to Clearchus his expectation If amongst 10000 hopes you had but one to saue your selues by bearing armes against the King I would counsell you not to deliuer vp your armes But seeing there is no hope to escape danger against his will I counsell you to seeke your safety by whatsoeuer meanes you can Hereunto Clearchus replied Well then this is your opinion But from vs returne this answer to the King that if we may be thought worthy to be his friends we shall be better friends hauing armes than deliuering them vp to any man else if no remedy be but warre we shall better make warre with armes than without after we haue rendred them vp We will quoth Phalinus deliuer your answer But we haue futher in charge from the King to say vnto you That as long as you stay where you are you may expect truce warre if you march forward or depart Say hereunto I pray whether you will stay and haue truce or else I shall carry tidings of warre vnto the King Clearchus answered Carry tidings with you that we are of the same opinion that the King is of What opinion is that quoth Phalinus To haue truce said Clearchus if we stay warre if we depart or march forward But he signified not what he meant to doe So Phalinus and those in his company departed Prâ—cles and Cherisophus were by this time returned from Ariaens but Menon remained still with him They brought answer from him whereby he signified that there were many Persians in all respects better than he who would neuer endure that he should be King But if you resolue said they to depart with him he willeth you to come this night if not he meaneth to march away early in the morning Clearchus said we must doe as you aduise if we goe vnto him If not we are to resolue vpon that which shall be thought most conuenient for vs. But neither signified he to these men what he purposed to doe After this about sunne set he called the Coronels and Captaines together and spake to them to this effect Euen now when I asked counsell of the gods by sacrifice whether we should goe against the King or no the intrayles assented not and not without caâ—se For as I now vnderstand the Riuer Tigris a Riuer nauigable lieth in the mid-way betwixt vs and the King which Riuer we cannot passe without shipping Shipping we haue none and being destitute of victuall we may not remaine here But the sacrifice was faire and allowed of our going to the friends of Cyrus This therefore must be our order We must for the present away euery man to his lodging and there sup with such as he hath When the horne giueth signe to rest let euery man make ready to depart At the second signe lay your baggage vpon the carriage-beasts at the third follow your leaders and in our march the cariage-beasts are to be placed next the riuer the armed without them The Coronels and Captaines hearing this departed and did so And thenceforward Clearchus commanded and they obeyed him not because he was chiefe by election but because they saw he onely was able to command the rest without experience The length of the iourney froÌ„ Ephesuâ— in Ionia to the place of the battell were 93 encampings 535 Parasangs 16030 furlongs From the place where the battell was fought to Babylon were by estimation 3060 furlongs Here Metocythes the Thracian when it was darke fled to the King with 40 Horsemen which were vnder his command and with 300 Thracian foot The rest Clearchus led according to the appointment made betweene them and the whole army at the first encamping came vp to Ariaeus and to his army about midnight and laying downe their armes in order the Coronels and Captaines of the Grecians resorted to Ariaeus and both the Grecians and Ariaeus and the chiefe men about him tooke an oath to be friends and confederates not to betray one another The Barbarians swore also to be faithfull Guides to the Grecians in their returne homeward This oath was taken killing a Boare a Bull a Woolfe and a Ram and the Grecians dipped the point of a sword the Barbarians of a speare in the bloud of these beasts being powred out into the hollownesse of a Target After they had taken mutuall assurance Clearchus said to Ariaeus Ariaeus seeing it so falleth out that your iourney and ours is all one tell me I pray your opinion whether we are to returne the same way we came or else can you direct vs any better way He answered If we returne the same way we came we shall for want of prouision all perish with hunger For in â—7 encampings aduaÌ„cing hither we found nothing in the country to relieue vs and that little that was left was consumed in our passage We are therfore resolued to returne by a way of more circuit but able enough to furnish out all manner of prouision for vs. And for our first encampings we had need to gaine in them as much ground as we can that the Kings army may be cast a great distance behinde vs. For if we get before him but two or three dayes iourney he can by no possibilitie be able to ouertake vs with a small army he will not dare to follow vs with a great he can make no speed besides that it is like to be destitute of Victuall This is mine opinion quoth he Which suggestion of his serued for no
notwithstanding they thought it conuenient to seeke them as they could lest haply taking heart they might be againe emboldned Therefore embattelling themselues they led against them The enemy seeing them comming cast themselues downe the steepe places no otherwise than if horsemen had followed them in chase A Forrest receiued them that fled which the Grecians were not acquainted with Wherefore night drawing on they returned and when they came to the place where the battels first ioyned they erected a Trophey and so about Sunne-set retired to the Sea for the Campe was about 60 furlongs off Henceforward the enemies began to looke to themselues and remoued as farre from thence as they could as well the inhabitants as their goods and substance The Grecians lay still expecting Cleander and the Gallies and Ships which they thought would come And going forth euery day without feare hauing with them their cariage-beasts and slaues they brought in wheat barley wine pulse-corne bucke and figs. For the Territorie bare all fruit plentifully Oliues only excepted And as long as the Armie kept within the Campe any man might goe forth to spoile and deteine that he found for his priuate vse But a decree was made that when the whole Armie went abroad whatsoeuer was taken by any man going apart it should be to the vse of the generalitie Now was there plenty of all things For prouision came from the â—recian Cities on euery hand and they that arriued there by ship came willingly on shore because they vnderstood a Citie was there planting and that it was a good Hauen and many of the enemies being neere borderers sent to Xenophon for they heard that he was the planter demanding vpon what conditions they might be receiued into his friendship whom Xenophon shewed to the Souldiers About this time Cleander came with two Gallies but with neuer a ship It fell out so that at his arriuall the Army was abroad and some gone into the plaine countrey to prey other to the mountaines and had gotten together many sheepe and fearing they would be taken away they spake to Dexippus who stole the ship of 50 oâ—res from the Armie when it lay at Trapezond and praied him to keep them and to retaine part for himselfe and restore the rest to them He presently beat away the Souldiers that stood thereabout albeit they told him that the prey pertained to the generality and imâ—ediaâ—ly went to Cleander and informed him that they sought to steale the sheepe Cleander commanded that whosoeuer he was that went about to take them away should be brought vnto him Dexippus laid hold vpon one and began to leade him toward Cleander whom Agasias by chance comming that way rescued because he was one of his company The rest of the Souldiers that were present cast stones at Dexippus calling him Traitor Many Mariners of the Gallies being affrighted ranne to the Sea and Cleander himselfe shifted away Xenophon and the other Coronels pacified the Souldiers and told Cleander it was no matter of danger and that the decree of the Armie was cause of that that hapned Cleander incensed by Dexippus and of himselfe discontented because it might be perceiued that he was in feare said he would saile away and cause proclamation to be made that no Grecian Citie should receiue them as being common enemies to all for at that time the Lacedemonians commanded all Greece This seemed a hard and dangerous thing to the Grecians and they desired him not to doe so He said he would relent vpon no other condition than that the caster of the first stone and the party that made the rescous should be deliuered into his hands Agasias was the man he sought who had beene a friend to Xenophon euen to the last which was the cause that Dexippus accused him The Commanders knowing not what to doe called an assembly of the Armie Many made small account of Cleander Xenophon thought the businesse to be of no meane consequence and arising spake thus Fellow Souldiers if Cleander departing hence carry that minde toward vs which hee professeth I take it to be a matter not to be contemned For now the Grecian Cities are at hand and the Lacedemonians are rulers of Greece and euery Lacedemonian of power sufficient to worke any City to what he list If therefore he first shut vs out of Byzantium and signifie to the rest of the Gouernours not to receiue vs into their Cities as being disobedient to the Lacedemonians and notto be gouerned this rumor will come to the eares of Anaxibius the Admirall so that it will be hard for vs either to stay here or to saile away For at this time the Lacedemonians haue the Souereigntie of Greece both by Sea and Land It is not fit therefore that for one or two mens sakes we the rest be debarred from Greece but we are rather to obey whatsoeuer they command For our Cities from whence euery one of vs is are vnder their subiection I therefore for I vnderstand that Dexippus informeth Cleander that Agasias would not haue done this vnlesse I had bid him I I say cleare both you and Agasias of this fault if Agasias will say that I am the cause thereof and I condemne my selfe and will willingly vndergoe all extremitie of punishment if it may appeare that I were the beginner either of casting of stones or of any other violence I say further if any man else be accused by Cleander he ought whosoeuer he be to yeeld himselfe to Cleanders iudgement So shall you be free from all fault But as matters goe now it will be hard if thinking to receiue praise and honour in Greece we in stead thereof shall not be in the case that other are but be excluded out of all Grecian Cities After this Agasias stood vp and said I ô Souldiers sweare by the gods and goddesses that neither Xenophon nor any other willed mee to take away the man but when I saw an honest and worthy Souldier of mine led away by Dexippus whose traiterous dealing toward you you well know I thought it a matter not to be suffered And albeit I confesse that I rescued him yet would I not that you should deliuer me vp I my selfe as Xenophon aduiseth will yeeld my selfe into the hands of Cleander to vse me at his discretion Neither would I for this cause haue you make warre with the Lacedemonians nor haue any man impeached to saue himselfe where he list Only I desire you to make choice of some of your selues to send with me to Cleander who in case I omit any thing may speake and doe what they thinke auaileable in my behalfe The Army gaue him leaue to choose whom he thought good and he chose the Coronels So Agasias and the Coronels and the man that was rescued went together toward Cleander to whom the Coronels vsed this speech The Army O Cleander hath sent vs vnto you and desire you if you thinke
Xenophon assented vnto In the meane time Seuthes the Thracian sent Medosades and desired Xenophon to be a meanes and furtherance to the transportation of the Armie adding he should not repent himselfe in so doing Xenophon answered that the Armie without all question was to come ouer and in regard thereof Seuthes need not giue any thing either to him or to any man else After the transportation quoth he I am to depart Let him therefore addresse himselfe in such sort as he thinketh best to those that remaine behinde and shall be most for his purpose So all the Armie came ouer to Byzantium Anaxibius gaue them not pay according to his promise but made proclamation that taking their Armes and baggage they should depart out of the Citie as if he had a purpose to send them away and to take muster of them Hereupon the Souldiers weâ—â— discoâ—tenâ— because they wanted money to make prouision for their iourney and they made no great haâ—â—e in trussing vp their baggage Xeâ—â—phâ—â— being become now a Guest to Cleander the Gouernour went to him and saluted him hauing in minde â—o take shipping presently You shall not doe so â—oth he If you doe you will be blamed For alreadie they lay the fault vpon you that the Armie is so slow in departing the Citie Yet am not I in fault quoth Xenophon For the Souldiers wanting victuall and money for their iourney are in that regard loth to leaue the Citie Yet would I counsell you quoth he to goe out as though you meant to march with them and when the Armie is out of the Gates to depart whither you list Let vs goe then to Anaxibius quoth Xenophon and take order accordingly Comming to him they told what they had resolued He willed them so to doe and that the Souldiers should presently issue with their baggage and further to signifie that whosoeuer appeared not at the musters and view to be taken should thanke himselfe if any thing fell out contrarie to his expectation Hereupon the Coronels first went out and after them the rest and now were all out but a few and Ereoâ—â—â—s stood at the Gates readie to shut them and put in the barre assoone as all were gone Anaxibius calling then the Coronels and Captaines to him said For prouision you may take it out of the Thracian Villages There shall you finde plentie of Barley and of Wheaâ— and other victuall After you are furnished march on to Cherronesus where Cynisous shall giue you your pay Some of the Souldiers ouer-heard these words or else some of the Captaines reported them to the Armie The Coronels asked Seuthes whether the Countrey were enemie or friend and whether they were to march ouer the holy Mountaine or in circle thorow the middest of Thrace During this conference the Souldiers snatching vp their Armes ran with full speed to the Gates minding to enter within the Wals. Etâ—onicus and those with him when they saw the armed come running shut the Gates and made fast the barre The Souldiers beat at the Gates crying they were extremely wronged thus to be thrust out to the enemie and threatned to breake the Gates asunder if they opened them not of their owne accord Other some ran along by the Sea side and climbed vp the wall by the great stones that were laid betwixt the Sea and the wall to breake the violence of the waues There were of the Souldiers that remained yet within the Citie who when they saw the stirre about the Gates cut asunder the barres with axes and set the Gates wide open Xenophon beholding what was done fearing left the Armie should fall to spoile and worke inestimable damage to the Citie to him and to themselues ran amongst the rest and in the crowd was carried within the Gates As soone as the Byzantians perceiued that the Armie had entred the Citie by force they fled out of the market-place some toward the ships some to their houses They that were within the Citie fled out and some put the Gallies afloat hoping to finde safetie in them All accounted themselues lost none otherwise than if the City had beene taken by the enemie Anaxibius fled to the Sea taking a Fisher-boat and recouered the Castle from whence out of hand he sent for succour to Chalcedon thinking the Garrison of the Castle insufficient to make the place good against the Armie The Souldiers when they saw Xenophon said to him Now ô Xenophon it is in your owne hands to make your selfe a man you haue a Citie you haue Gallies you haue riches you haue so many men now if you please you may doe vs good and we will make you great You say well quoth Xenophon and I will follow your counsell onely if this be your desire put your selues in order of battell without delay Both himselfe gaue this command and he willed the other Coronels to giue direction to imbattell the Souldiers thereby to still and appease the vproare They putting themselues in order the armed stood in short time fiftie deepe and the Peltasts ran to both wings The place was fit to embattell in called Thracium being void of houses and an euen plot of ground After they had laid downe their Armes and were still Xenophon called the army together and made this speech vnto them I maruell not ô Souldiers that you are angry thinke you haue cause of discontent in regard of the deceit that is vsed towards you But if we giue reines to our anger and seeke reuenge vpon the Lacedemonians that are present and put the Citie that is blamelesse to sacke cast in your mindes what will be the issue And what kinde of war this will be they may iudge that haue seene and remember the euents of things lately passed For we the Athenians entred into war against the Lacedemonians and their Allieâ— being owners of no lesse than foure hundred Gallies which were in part abroad in part in our Arsenall And albeit that the Citie had much riches and a yeerely reuenew arising from the Citizens and from strangers no lesse than 1000. talents and besides was mistresse of all the Ilands and possessed many Cities in Asia many in Europe and amongst the rest this Byzantium it selfe where we now are yet were we ouercome as you all know Now then what can we expect to befall vs the Lacedemonians and Achaeans being linked in societie and the Athenians and all their confederates that then were being of the partie Tissaphernes and the other Barbarians on the other side of the Sea our enemies and the great King most of all other whose kingdome we sought to bereaue him of and to take his life if we could All these things being so is any man so simple to conceiue that wee shâ—ll haue the vpper hand For Gods sake let vs not be franticke nor cast away our selues shamefully in becomming enemy to our fathers friends and kinsfolke For they liue
giues or receiues and your yeerely reuenue is now more than the worth of all you possessed before These things did I forecast in minde as your friend that both you might seeme worthy of that which the gods haue bestowed vpon you and I not leese my reputation with the Armie For you know well that at this present I can neither harme an enemie nor succour you hereafter though I would neuer so faine Such is the affection of the Armie toward me And I take your selfe and the gods that know all things to witnesse that I haue neither receiued any thing of you in regard of them nor demanded ought of theirs to my priuat vse no nor any of those things you promised me And I sweare further vnto you I would neuer haue taken gift of yours vnlesse the Souldiers had receiued that which is their owne For it would be a shame for me hauing been so much honoured by them to procure mine owne aduantage and neglect theirs But Heraclides esteemeth all things trifles saue only money howsoeuer it is gotten I contrariwise ô Seuthes thinke that a man especially a Ruler can haue no fairer possessions than Vertue Iustice Generositie The possessor of these is enriched with many friends for the present and enriched with other that hereafter will seeke for his friendship and in good fortune he hath them that will reioice with him in ill that will be readie to assist and helpe him But if by my deeds you perceiued not that I was your friend from my heart nor yet knew it by my words remember notwithstanding the words of the Souldiers For you were present and heard what was spoken by them that sought to bring me into hatred who charged me to the Lacedemonians that I made more account of you than of the Lacedemonians and for themselues likewise that I more regarded your well-fare than theirs They said I had receiued gifts of you And when they accused me of these gifts do you thinke they saw in me an ill affection toward you or rather a desire to do you seruice I am of this minde that whosoeuer receiueth gifts he ought to loue and esteeme of him that is the giuer Before I came to your seruice you entertained me kindly in countenance and in words and hospitall gifts made no end of promises now you haue compassed your desire and are as great as I can make you seeing the small estimation the Souldiers haue me in you dare contemne me But I firmely beleeue time will teach you that this money is to be paid and that you will giue no cause of complaint to those that haue so well deserued at your hands Only this is my desire that when you pay it you would haue a care to restore me to the same place with the Souldiers wherein you found me at the first Seuthes hearing this cursed him that was the cause why the Souldiers were not paid long before euerie man imagined he meant Heraclides For I quoth Seuthes will pay the arrerages and neuer had in minde to defraud the Souldiers of the least part of their due Then spake Xenophon againe Seeing it is your pleasure to make paiment let me entreat you to doe it by my hands and not to see me in worse case with the Souldiers for your cause than I was when I came to your seruice Seuthes answered You shall not by my meanes But if you will stay with me and hold with you 1000 Armed I will giue you the Townes and other things I promised you Xenophon told him It could not be as matters stood But I pray quoth he send vs away I know quoth Seuthes it will be safer for you to remaine here than to depart Xenophon againe replied I thanke you for your care of me but I cannot stay Howbeit wheresoeuer I become the more estimation I haue it shall not be the worse for you Then quoth Seuthes I haue no money but a little viz. one Talent which I will deliuer vnto you but you shâ—ll haue 600 Oxen 4000 Sheepe and 120 Captiues Taking these and the pledges of them that wronged you goe your waies Then Xenophon smiling said If these suffice not to make vp the pay whose Talent shall I say I haue But seeing I cannot depart hence without danger is it not better to stay here and take heed of stones For you heard their threatnings So he remained there The next day Seuthes deliuered that which he promised and sent men to driue the cattell The Souldiers in the meane time gaue out that Xenophon was gone to remaine with Seuthes and to receiue the things which were promised him But when they saw him come they reioyced and ran to meet him Xenophon as soone as he saw Charminns and Polynicus You quoth he are the men that haue preserued these things for the Souldiers and I deliuer them into your hands dispose you of the sale and deliuer the price to the Souldiers They taking and appointing men to sell them raised money for the Souldiers but not without imputation of much corruption Xenophon came not neere but openly made ready to goe to his countrey For it was not yet signified vnto him that he was banished but some especiall men of the Armie came vnto him desiring him not to depart till he had conducted the Armie and deliuered it vnto Thymbro From thence they sailed ouer to Lampsacus where Euclydes the Phliasian Soothsayer the sonne of Cleagoras who painted the dreames in the Lycaum met Xenophon He was glad to see Xenophon in health and asked him how much gold he had Who swore he had not enough to bring him home vnlesse he sold his horse and other things which were about him Euclydes beleeued him not but when the Lampsacens sent hospitall gifts to Xenophon and Xenophon offering sacrifice to Apollo desired Euclydes to be at the sacrifice Euclydes then looking vpon the Sacrifice said he beleeued now that Xenophon had no money and I know quoth he if hereafter you happen to get any you will haue an impediment if no other you will be an impediment to your selfe Xenophon confessed this to be true Euclydes proceeded Iupiter Milichius quoth he will hinder you He further asked him whether he had sacrificed as I quoth he am wont for you at home and burne the whole beast Xenophon said he had not offred to that god all the time of his trauell Euclydes aduised him therefore to sacrifice vnto the god your affaires said he will prosper better The next day Xenophon marching on to Ophrynium sacrificed and burnt whole Hogs after his countrey manner The same day came Bitoâ— and Euclydes to pay the Armie and they were Xenophons guests and tâ—ey released and restored to Xenophon refusing to take the price of the redemption the horse which he had pawned at Lâ—mpsacus for 50 Daricks suspecting he pawned him for need because they heard that he delighted in him Then marching
thorow the Territorie of Troy and passing ouer Ide they came first to Antandrum and then held on along the Sea side of Lydia to the Plaine of Thebe From thence marching forward by Adramyttiâ—m and Certâ—nium not farre from Atarna to the Plaine of Caycus they reached to Pergamus a Citie of Lydia Here Hellas the wife of Gongylus the Eretrian mother of Gorgyâ—â— and Gongylus entertained Xenophon for her guest Shee told him that Asidates a Persian was in the Plaine If you goe by night quoth shee with 300 men you may take him his wife and children and much riches Shee gaue him for Guides her cosin germane and Daphâ—agoras a speciall friend of hers Xenophon therefore hauing these with him offered sacrifice Agasias the Elaean soothsayer being present said that the entrailes were faire and that Asidates might be taken prisoner They went to supper and after supper Xenophon taking the Captaines to him that were his best friends and had alwaies beene faithfull vnto him and therefore desiring to doe them a kindnesse proceeded on his iourney There went also with him whether he would or no other about 600 Souldiers But the Captaines posted away before to preuent them of partage as though the money had beene ready to their hands Comming to the place about midnight they suffered the slaues that lay neere the Castle and many other things to slip away their care being only to take Asidates and his companie When they could not take the Castle by assault for it was high and great and had many bulwarks defendants expert in fight they went about to sap the foot thereof The wall was of the thicknesse of eight bricks By breake of day it was pierced thorow and when it was light one of the defendants strooke him that stood next thorow the thigh with an Oxe-goad and further with their arrowes they made it dangerous for any man to approach to the Tower or come in sight When those in the Castle made an outcry and put out fire for a signe Itabelius with his owne forces and with the Garrison of Coâ—ania being armed foot and with about 80 Hircanian horsemen which were in the Kings pay and other Peltasts about 800 came to rescous Othâ—r also out of Parthenion other out of Apollonia and the neighbour Cities being horsemen Now was it time to thinke how our Retreat should be made Therefore taking the Oxen and other cattell and the captiues and couching them within a hollow square they hasted away not so much thinking vpon the riches as that if they should depart leauing that behinde them which they had gotten their Retreat might seeme a plaine running away besides that that the enemy would grow into heart and the Souldiers be discouraged Now they retreated fighting as it were for the prey When Gongylus saw the Grecianâ— so few and the enemy that pressed them so many in number he by compulsion of his mother issued out with his owne forces to be partaker of the fray And Procles out of Alisarna and Teuthranias who was descended from Demaratus came likewise to rescous Xenophons souldiers being ouerlaid with arrowes and Ilings casting themselues into a Ring to the end to oppose their armes against the arrowes with much adoe passed ouer the riuer Caijcus well-nigh halfe of them being wounded Amongst the number of whom was Agasias the Stymphalian who continued the fight against the enemy during the whole Retreat Thus they came safe home hauing 200 captiues and cattell sufficient for sacrifice Xenophon sacrificing the next day led out his Armie by night that he might goe as far as he could into Lydia and giue no cause of feare to the enemie by being so neere but make him negligent vpon his guard Asidates hearing that Xenophon had the second time sacrificed about him and that he was marching with all â—is Armie went out of his Castle and lodged in the Villages not farre from the Citie Parthenium There Xenophons souldiers lighted vpon him and tooke him prisoner and his wife and his children and his horse and all that he had So that the former sacrifice tooke effect now Afterward they returned backe againe to Pergamus and thenceforth Xenophon had no cause to complaine of that god For the Lacedemonians also and Captaines and Souldiers consented to giue him an extraordinary share of horse and oxen and other things so that he was thereby able to gratifie a friend Not long after came Thymbro and tooke the Armie and ioyning it to the rest of the Grecian forces made warre against Tissaphernes These were the Gouernours of the Kings Prouinces that we iournied thorow Artymas of Lydia Artacamas of Phrygia Mithridates of Lycaonia and Cappadocia of Cilicia Synesis of Phoenicia and Arabia Dernes of Syria and Assyria Belesis of Babylonia Roparas of Media Arbacas of the Phasians and Hesperites Tâ—ribazus The Carduchans Chalybes Chaldaaâ—s Macrons Choicans Mosynaecans Coitans and Tibarens are people vnder no mans subiection Paphlagonia is ruled by Corylas the Bithynians by Pharnabazus the Europaean Thracians by Seuthes The totall number of the Ascent and Descent is 215 Encampings 1150 Parasangs 34255 Furlongs The time of the Ascent and Descent one yeere and three moneths FINIS A COMPARISON OF THE ROMANE MANNER OF WARRE WITH THIS OF OVR TIME OVT OF THE END OF THE FIFTH Booke of IVSTVS LIPSIVS De Militia Romana WE haue considered 5. things in the Roman warfare their Musters their Armes their degrees distribution of Bands their Embattelling and their Discipline To make a true comparison betwixt our manner of warre and theirs we must weigh the one with the other in equall ballance of all these generalities and obserue by the consequents and aduantages which of them is to be preferred before other Therfore to speake first of Musters it is no doubt but that they vsed an excellent course in making choice of the best most honest men Which notwithstanding will hardlie at this daie be imitated by vs as our fashions and gouernment are vnlesse happilie it be in some Free-estate But they amongst vs are few or else but weake And the Venetian alone which is of meanes and abilitie sufficient for certaine priuate regards debarreth her people for the most part from seruice I except the seruice of the Sea Kings and Princes will not be tied to this Romane forme and haue their causes It would be hard to rate their Souldiers after such a Subsidie or Assessment and scarce safe to allow them the like libertie of Armes But of things of this nature we haue discoursed in our Politikes Now I hold thus much that euerie Prince may to his great commoditie deuise another course than is in vse now adaies in Musters It is not vnknowne what the Turke doth in his Ianizars I would haue many or few Legions according to abilitie or reuenues of State be leuied of fit men and bound and framed to seruice from their youth till a prefixed