the Citizens had long ago laid aside their Arms and their resolution yet the Works and Fortifications of the City should be demolished under pretext that the Kingdom was now in Peace and then the Posts and Chains in the streets removed that the Horse might have freer passage into all the corners of the Town and no hold left to the Citizens and the women from which they might in probability kick Moreover that they might establish their Government both by Sea and Land Rainsborough the Bell-weather of the Republicans is set over the Fleet. Fairfax is appointed General of the Forces not onely in England but in Ireland also that that Country might the more speedily be succoured The Army has the thanks not onely of the Parliament and of the Ministers from the Pulpit but likewise of the honest Citizens who now entertain and feast in their houses the very men whom a little before they intended to drive from their Walls A months Pay besides as a token of kindness is appointed for the Souldiers for their good services to the Parliament It was for a long time hotly disputed to which side the Parliament should adhere whether the Acts of the Army or Parliament ought to be annulled since both of them according to the different number of Voices had by turns been resciended and being uncertain how to get out of that Labyrinth that the Parliament might not seem to be interrupted or force put upon them whereby their authority would be weakened or that they might seem to approve the right of changing sides which they had long ago condemned in the Members that followed the King They are now for both by and by again for either of the two and of a sudden again for neither However they resolve that the separation of the flying Members and their conjunction with the Army is altogether to be approved as being lawfully done for the publick good By which successes the Commanders of the Army and Ring leaders of the Faction were so puft up that they quite forgot their old Friends and fellow-Souldiers There was no more mention now of dissolving the Parliament calling a new one nor of the Promises whereby they had so often imposed upon the King and People All their care is to mind their own advantage and how to settle that Oligarchy which now they seemed to be in possession of But the Adjutators and all the popular Republicans are no less busie and sollicitous to have that Parliament dissolved and a new one under the name of a Representative by the free election of the People called with a limitation of their power and time of sitting that so they might introduce a Democraty Both Parties being out of dread of the Presbyterians equally conspire the ruine of the King and Monarchy It had been long before privately proposed amongst some to assassinate the King whilst he was in the Scottish Army that they might at the same time glut their malice and throw the odium of the fact upon the Scots Afterwards one Rolf a Shoemaker instigated by some armed himself for the Regicide That Fellow being informed that the King intended to make his escape out of a window when he was in the Isle of Wight lay in wait with a Musket several nights that he might shoot him as by accident But now several fiercely urge that he should be forthwith and secretly dispatched or at least that being condemned by a Council of War he should be beheaded But it seemed more generous and safe to the leading Rebels to protract time and manage the matter gradually by wiles and crafty fetches until being countenanced by a colour of Authority they might under a sham of satisfying publick Justice perpetrate the matchless Villany And thus they ordered it Conditions of Peace were to be proposed to the King but such as if he consented to them he himself would renounce the Crown and if he refused he would be deposed by the Votes of others and so be over and above reckoned obstinate by the people which would give them a more specious pretext for accomplishing their designe For this end it is contrived and obtained that the Parliament should again send to the King Propositions but such as were rather imperious and hard Commands than Conditions of Peace to be treated about which being granted he would pluck off his Crown with his own hands To which though the Commanders of the Army and Cromwel in the first place had given their Votes in the Parliament yet in the Camp they advised the King not to condescend to them promising that they would either obtain or command more reasonable Conditions for him and seemed to detest those as proceeding from the hautiness and severity of the Presbyterians His Majesty being deluded by that artifice makes answer to this purpose That the Propositions were such as he could not in honour and conscience consent to them being such as could not reconcile all interests nor settle a lasting Peace in the Kingdom He appeals rather to the Proposals of the Army as much more conducing to the satisfaction of all interests and a fit subject for a personal conference betwixt himself and the two Houses which he earnestly desired for which cause his Majesty would have Commissioners from the Army admitted Cromwel and the rest of the Commanders of the Army were extreamly well satisfied with this Answer as if the King himself gave greater honour to the Army than to the Parliament and therefore on their parts they promise all good Offices to his Majesty In the mean time they take all courses to incense the rest against the King pretending themselves much ashamed that they could not perform all they promised and excuse themselves sometimes because of the reverence that was due to the Parliament and sometimes again because of the peremptoriness of the Adjutators at length they began to juggle and quite fall off to give a contrary sence to their promises and to suggest apprehensions to the King as if the Adjutators and Republicans designed his Majesties death whose insolent attempts they could not moderate nor at present repress mingling with all promises that if they could cut the combs of the Adjutators and restore the lost Discipline of the Army they would without delay perform what they had undertaken With which his Majesty being moved seeing it was worse to distrust than to be deceived he privately made his escape from the Army and as sate would have it fled to the Isle of Wight the government of which as it seems probable was just before put into the hands of Colonel Hammond a dear friend to Cromwel that there he might play his part in this business To this mans protection the King commits himself running of his own accord into the Snare which the Rebels had long ago laid for him But that he might not be wanting to the
in a War with his Subjects of England they were taken and at the Kings-bench-bar tried for High-Treason Macquire being found guilty by a Jury had sentence pronounced against him according to the Laws of the Country That he should be dragged to Tyburn in a Hurdle hang'd by the neck till he be half dead his privy Members and Bowels burnt before his face his Head cut off and set upon London-bridge and his Quarters upon four Gates of the City This Sentence was punctually executed in the presence of the Sheriff of London and fifteen thousand Spectators at least Nor is it to be omitted that the Sheriff having adjured Macquire by the dreadful Tribunal of God before which shortly he was to appear and the clearing and easing of his Conscience which was then or never to be done that he would ingenuously confess whom he knew to be guilty of the same Crime though the Rope was about his neck and he half up the Ladder yet by name he acquitted King Charles from being any ways privy to it solemnly professing that he knew no English-man but one and he a Papist that had any hand in the matter Nay and being cast off the Ladder and when after he had tried what hanging was he was a little reprieved and had no small hopes given him of a pardon he still persisted in the same protestation But in the Pulpits Clubs and publick Pamphlets the Crime was charged upon King Charles nor did the Rebels blush to asperse even the sacred and innocent Majesty of the King with so heinous a guilt hoping that whilst they continued so boldly to vent their Calumnies and Slanders against him some of them at least would stick The Irish Nobility and Priests who were the chief Actors in this Tragedy were encouraged to the Villany by the late successes of the Scots who to speak in the language of Sir John Temple a Privy-Counsellor of that Kingdom who wrote the History of those Troubles having happily succeeded in their attempts obtained by their last Commotions considerable Priviledges from the King To this adde that our intestine Troubles seemed to offer fair opportunity of changes it being very rational and easie to conjecture that the English being ready to fall together by the ears at home there was no fear that they would cross over to Ireland to defend and assist their Colonies in that Kingdom Their boldness was increased by the Interregnum occasioned by the murder of Strafford and the change of the Magistrates of whom the severer and best acquainted with the State of that Kingdom were by the interest of the Irish Lords whilst they prosecuted Strafford in England either turned out of place or accused of High-Treason men who were either ignorant of the Affairs and State of Ireland or who were prone to Rebellion being put into their places Being thus in a readiness the unseasonable disbanding of an Army of eight thousand Irish who had been raised for the Scottish expedition did not a little strengthen their resolution for though the King after the pacification of the Scots lest they might occasion Stirs in Ireland had permitted the Spanish Embassadour to transport four thousand of them yet the Irish Lords put on by the Conspirators got the Parliament under pretext that the French King might take it ill earnestly to beseech that it might not be done And afterwards when the King had ordered the same number to be raised for the service of the French without any reasons alleadged they utterly rejected it Very few of the Captains and Officers of that Army dishonoured themselves by joyning in the Rebellion but the private Souldiers whose custom it is to be insolent and at length appear valiant when they are about to be dismissed from the dangers of War easily rushed into that Villany The Lords and Priests being soothed with these so many fair opportunities of fishing in troubled waters that they might weaken our Colonies divide and distract their thoughts and in the mean time incense the Natives to slaughter and rapine they cast about all ways To the English they brag That the Queen is in their Army that the King was coming with an Army to their assistance that the Scots were agreed with him and to make that the more credible amongst the slaughter of the English they spare the Scots They give out that they have the Kings Commission and act by virtue of his authority shewing indeed a counterfeit Commission to which one Plunket with the consent of many Lords and Priests at Farn-Abbey had appended the Kings Seal taken from another old Commission as appeared by the confessions of a great many afterwards That they defend the King's Cause against the Puritans Amongst their own men they divulge counterfeit Letters whereby they pretend to be informed from England That there was an Act lately past whereby all the Irish were to be forced to go to Church and assist at the Devotion of the Protestants upon pain of forfeiture for the first offence of their Chattels for the second of their Lands and Inheritances and for the third of their Lives They propose besides to the Natives the hopes of Liberty and of recovering their ancient Customs That the English Yoke is to be cast off a King to be chosen of their own Nation and the Goods and Estates of the English to be divided amongst the Natives By this hope of booty and of living at their own liberty for the future the Irish are allured to the War and being egg'd on with fury and rage they committed such horrid and heynous Crimes as hardly any Age can parallel The King foresaw the Storm a coming whilst he was in Scotland and therefore that he might prevent it whilst it was a gathering he presently dispatched Sir James Hamilton to the Lords and others of his Majesties Privy-Council of Ireland with instructions and what money he could raise of his own and from his friends on the sudden He earnestly desires the assistance of the Parliament of Scotland and acquaints the Parliament of England with it also But the one under pretext that Ireland was under the dominion of England refuse their assistance and the other takes but little notice of it The Factious tacitly rejoycing that new Troubles were arising to the King and that Kingly government being abolished alike in all the three Kingdoms they would shortly be turned into so many free Commonwealths But the Sparks breaking out into a flame and the report of the Irish barbarity being in every bodies mouth the Parliament was enraged and all were filled with an extraordinary zeal of revenging the bloud of their Country-men treacherously killed and of defending and protecting the surviving For the charges of a War in a short time three hundred thousand pound English was raised partly by benevolent Contributions and partly out of the price of the Lands and Inheritances of the Rebels which by the Parliament were sold to be
Youth Unhappy English who with blind rage have consumed the Relicts of the Palatinat and accursed Broils of Britain that shipwrack't that Life which escaped the Sword of Austria I should give way to lamentations if our shame could add Glory to the Dead or give comfort to the surviving Family But a Valiant man is not to be by womanish houling lamented neither does true Grief require an ambitious pomp of Words nor great sorrow admit it Let us only then which is all we can do with our Tears wash out the stain of our unlucky Age to which Crime it is no small accession that the Ocean and other World are also polluted with the destruction of the Royal Family But Prince Rupert which was some comfort having sent his Goods into France with much adoe was saved I return to Portugal from whence the steam of Sugar attracted an Ambassadour to London Now would God the Supreme disposer of all things suffer that so remarkable constancy of so good a King should turn to the dammage of his Subjects For the Ships being restored the War that was threatened was upon supplication averted a new League made and the Peace afterward more religiously observed The Rebels indeed think it below them to make reparation for dammages yet they make them good by a War they were to engage in with the Dutch and Spaniards to the great advantage of the Portuguese I mention not the Glory of assisting distressed Princes a rare thing amongst Kings But after all he himself has no cause to fear but that his kindness shew'd to a King heretofore in distress will by the same Prince who never forgets those that have deserved well of him now raised to the Throne of his Ancestours and joyned to him in Affinity be repayed to him and his Subjects with plentiful interest But now we have affairs nearer home and with the Dutch again to consider Strickland having long resided in Holland as Ambassadour is now slighted and being allowed no more a place in the Assembly of the States he returns home But that the Parricides might repay one Affront with another they command Jacobin Vanodenskirk the Dutch Ambassadour to depart the Kingdom of England upon pretext that the King being dead the Negotiation with the States was now at an end But soon after as if they repented what they had done Schaepie is sent to treat of Peace who though he was but an Agent and empowred only by one City to wit Amsterdam to treat yet by the Rump-Parliament he is honoured with the Title of Ambassadour who take occasion on the other hand to send two Ambassadours with Royal and Magnificent Equipage to wit Oliver St. Jones one of the Members of the Rump-Parliament and Lord Chief Justice of the Common-Pleas and Walter Strickland These have Instructions To clap up a Peace and that by a Coalition of both Nations into one they might live under the same Government have the mutual Priviledges of Habitation Trading and Harbours of each Country indifferently But these were not to be divulged but piece and piece and by degrees if they found the People inclineable and fit to comply with such Propositions But the States had no inclination to settle a Peace until they found the success of the affairs in Scotland But after much adoe having at length given Audience to the Ambassadours they put them off from day to day till they proposed at long run some long winded Articles of Peace drawn up in the time of Henry VII to be considered which so soon as the Ambassadours had rejected they devise others to drive away time until the Ambassadours finding themselves fooled might hasten their departure But during their stay in Holland the States were necessitated to place a Guard at their Door nor was that sufficient to secure them from Affronts but that their Windows were every night broken or they themselves disturbed by I know not what Bug-bears and Apparitions There was also a strong report that a certain Relation of St. Jones came to his House that with a Bow-string he might strangle him after the manner of the Turks Mutes but that because he saw no way to escape if he had committed the Fact he abstained from attempting it The Ambassadours being startled at these things and daily fearing worse and not knowing how long they might stay nor what answer bring back they return without any effect of their Negotiation But great were the Disorders that this Affront occasioned and severe was the Revenge which the Parricides hatched in their Hearts being resolved that if the affairs in Scotland succeeded according to their wishes they would never rest nor sheath their Sword before they had forced by Arms the Conditions which by Ambassadours they could not obtain In the mean time they thought it enough at present to give out Letters of Reprisal and by other mens hands revenge the Injuries done to themselves and to make an Act that no Merchandise of what Country soever it were should be brought into England unless imported in English Bottoms by English Sea-men or fraighted by English Merchants Let us make a trip over to Sweden the Queen whereof had lately sent an Envoy to Compliment and Congratulate the Regicides To her therefore Whitlock is sent in a splendid Embassie to return the Honour and Compliment and also to make Peace with her to which she very willingly consented But the Queen being shorttly after removed or to use a softer expession having resigned the Crown the King of Sweden sends over a Reciprocal and no less Honourable Embassy by the Lord Christopher Bond a Senator of the Kingdom to Cromwell who then had the chief administration of the Government The Isles of Silly lay very convenient for molesting the Trade of the English There the Royalists cruising too and again with four or five small Vessels did no little hurt to the Regicides and would have done much more could they have been morgaged to the Dutch as it was commonly reported For plucking out of this Thorn great preparations are made at Plimouth not above fifteen Leagues distant from the Islands Where Blake and Popham having provided some small Vessels and Boats they take the opportunity and set Sail from thence in the night time with three hundred Souldiers besides Sea-men and having had a fair Wind next morning they come to the Land There are in all ten adjacent Islands divided only by narrow Passages of an Eddy Sea and on all sides secured by Shelves and Rocks In three hours time they take Threscoe and Briari with the loss of fifteen Men but of the Garrison a Boat being sunck about fourty were drowned one hundred and twenty made Prisoners and about fourty Guns taken which the Royalists out of two Friggats had planted upon the shoar The raging of the Sea appeasing the Fury of the Souldiers made for two days time a Cessation not unlike to a
prejudice to his Person or Interest which they would not make ample and sufficient amends for Richard then thought it enough in imitation of his Father to look big threaten chide and roar However they are not terrified but rather provoked to greater rage by that blunt Thunderbolt nor do they onely scoff and make mouths at him but slight him as an Ass and attempt greater matters against him From hence forward those that formerly wished best to him abandon him in Counsel and every way nor do they think it worth the while to meddle in his Affairs whom God had so infatuated as to make him neglect his own Interest Therefore they bequeath their Labour and Studies to the Cause of the King as being clearly convinced at length that that was the onely Interest that could justly and lawfully be maintained But the Officers seeing their Proposals tending to maturity frame a Remonstrance wherein they turn the fury of their engines aganst the Name of Malignants complaining That the Good Old Cause was forgot that the Asserters of it were every where vil fied the great Patrons and Patriots of it the Kings Judges put into Printed Lists and marked for destruction with the ruin of all the Godly and the Cause together that many Cavaliers came daily from beyond Sea and in presence of the People asserted the Kings Cause and Consulted together with much more of this Nature They pray that these things may speedily be redressed giving no obscure marks of their Inclination of bringing in a Democracy again This they desire Richard to represent to the Parliament scaring him thus with Lightning before the Thunderclap But the Parliament some true Republicans being amongst them out of design as some thought that he might have the Army against him pass a very imperious Vote Prohibiting any number of Officers and Soldiers to meet together for holding of Consults until the Parliament should determine about these Affairs Which Richard delivering both in his own and in Name of the Parliament and commanding their Consults to cease in a full meeting of the Officers Desborough takes him up for it so that the Officers becoming fiercer and more angry they apply themselves to the Lieutenancy of the Militia of London and allure them to a consent and to joyn with them that being involved in the same guilt with them they might not boggle to desire the same things of the Parliament This by means of Ireton the Brother of the late Ireton the Commander then Lord Mayor and of other Leading Men they easily obtained After these Prelimnaries the Officers of the Army drawing together their Forces before Day beset Whitehall where the Protector lived sending in in the mean time Desborough and Fleetwood earnestly to beseech him that he would presently dissolve the Parliament and to acquaint him That if it were not speedily done the Officers would cause Fire to be set to the House and all that resisted to be slain Richard terrified with these threats having in vain implored the Assistance of the City without either Guards or Soldiers to stand by him and his Bed-chamber Men and other Servants being frightned at length Signs a Proclamation to be published for Dissolving the Parliament After this some few days being allowed him to repent for what he had done and to take new Counsels there were a great many who prognosticated all evils to him nay affirmed them to be hanging over his Head seeing now the inveterate Enemies of his Family swoln with Pride and Malice who never kept Faith to any Man were got into Power again That perhaps they would sooth and slatter him at present till under pretence of his Authority they might rob him of the Assistance and Protection of his Friends and then having exposed him to hatred and derision try him for his Life and that under colour of a Law formerly made whereby to aspire to or introduce Monarchy is declared Treason It was moreover represented to him That he had still a safe refuge under the Mercy of the King if he would expiate his Fathers Crime by his own Allegiance that it was the part of a King to keep his Word that the Lord Petcombe the Danish Resident had promised to send over Letters safe to the Soundt that a Messenger might be more securely sent afterward to the Admiral to acquaint him with these Affairs and that he would likewise give security on the Kings part that the Articles should be fulfilled That that was no such difficult thing to be done since the Fleet was as yet free from Contagion the Admiral ready to serve the King and both hating and hated by the Parricides that besides Portsmouth and other strong Holds would joyn with him in a strict Confederacy that most part of the People also for the sake of the King and to revenge the injuries done to himself and the Parliament abruptly dissolved would rise in Arms and lastly that all Ireland was as yet subject to his Government Being sollicited by these and such like Arguments he was in suspence not knowing what to do he was tossed betwixt hope and fear having missed or abused the occasion of doing his business sometimes preferring the Counsels of some and by and by again of others and sometimes ready to run for it till at length being advised by Fleetwood and other Republicans whose Opinions he had privately asked That it would be much safer for him to enjoy certain and sure Priviledges than dangerously make tryal of new Experiments with fear and astonishment he keeps in Whitehall In the mean time a Council being called the Officers that had stood for Richard Ingoldsby Coff Whaley Falâ—onberge and Howard are â—asheered the old Republican Colonels whom his Father had formerly turned out Lambert Harrison Rich Parker Okâ—y and others being again brought into play Then the Officers of the Army with some five or six Members of the Musty Old Rump meeting together in the House of the Old Speaker Lenthall require him that he would reassume his Chair after a long intermission in Parliament and again sit at the Helm of the Government Which at first he refused alledging invincible Arguments to the contrary but afterwards partly through the threats and desires of Vane and chiefly of Lambert partly through his own Pusillanimity and partly through his own ambitious desire of Rule he is prevailed upon and condescends The Officers having acknowledged the injury they had done to the Rump and having publickly declared their sorrow for it and the Members obliging themselves of new by mutual engagements the Speaker with his Mace before him enters the House of Commons being attended by as many as could be got together out of the Streets Ale-houses Taverns even the Army and Prisons which nevertheless being computed hardly made up two and fourty Men by so small a Thread the Affairs of England then hung Yet these Varlets made no scruple to represent three
most valiant General in War not onely to be compared to the chief Commanders of his own age but to the most renowned Warriours of elder times and of so great reputation he was in Military affairs that the modestest do acknowledge too great a Courage in Albemarle He spent almost his whole life in Arms and at length growing old amidst Victories he became gray-headed under a Helmet In Britain and Ireland by Sea and by Land so happy was Albemarle that Fortune traced out for him Honour Renown and Titles He had indeed a hidden and a silent kind of Sagacity in the management of affairs and improved almost all the Arts of Prudence by Silence He had a Modesty that set off all the other Virtues of his Mind nor was he ever heard to brag of what he had done or deserved The Fame of so great a man doubtless inferiour to no other Mortal will propagate it self to Posterity who without Pride or Ostentation gratified a banished Prince with so signal Services and onely rejoyced in the conscientious performance of his Duty and Obedience Nor after the Restauration of Charles did he behave himself as a Colleague in the Government as Mucianus was of old reported to have done to Vespasian but as a Servant neither did he ever boast that having the Power in his own hands he had bestowed it upon another whereby he burned to his glory the Arrogance of the Rump and the Impudence of Cromwel his Loyalty inclining him more to give up than his Ambition to retain the Government We may moreover reckon Albemarle happy not onely in the greatness of the Action but also in the seasonableness of the Service That he brought back the Government to a Prince of so just and good a temper who put so true an estimate upon his Loyalty and under whom it would never be unsafe nor dangerous to deserve the most For good Offices are acceptable especially to Kings so long as the obliged think they may be able to requite them but when they are too great to be rewarded instead of Thanks they procure Hatred And it is rare and almost unusual for Princes to think themselves obliged or if they think so to love their Benefactors Peace being now established at home and Janus his Temple shut Albemarle departed the more joyfully out of this life that when he left no Troubles in Britain yet he left behind him a Love for himself in the hearts of all good men so much the more wanted that he had taken care that nothing should be wanting having left nothing in the State but his own death to be bewailed the King flourishing in his Government and the Loyalty of the Parliament as yet vieing with the modesty of the Prince Every one enjoyed the happiness they desired at home and Peace with all Nations abroad till the League-breaking Dutch again provoked the English Arms. But the Actions of that War the steddy Fortune of the British Nation and the future Triumphs of CHARLES I have set aside as a subject for my more advanced years FINIS A Table to the Third Part. A. ALbemarle vid. Monk Army disbanded 52 B. Bishops restored 51 Booth Sir George his Insurrection 8 C. Committee of Safety 13 Commissioners from the Parliament wait on the King at Breda 44 Conventicles supprest 73 Covenant burnt by the Hangman 66 Cowley Abraham 99 D. De Wit 76 Dutch War beginning and occasion 74. The first Engagement 81. The second 87. The third 88. the fourth 90. The fifth 92. Their Attempt at Chatham 98. Peace concluded 98. F. Fanaticks rise but are supprest 72 G. Gloucester Duke dies 52 K. King Charles 2. Comes to Breda 42. Lands at Dover 46 Enters London 47. His Coronation 61. Marries the Infanta of Portugal 69. L. Lambert proclaimed a Traytor 40. Committed to the Tower 41. Condemn'd but obtains mercy 71. Libels 73 The Liturgie and Ceremonies of the Church confirm'd and establish'd by Act of Parliament 71 London the great Plague there 84. The great Fire there 94. Rebuilt 99 100. M. Monk Sir George 6 13 inf His famous march into England 25. Enters London 28. Admits the secluded Members 36. Receives Letters from the King 37. Created Duke of Albemarle 51. A short account of his Life and Death 102 inf His Character 105. O. Oblivion Act 52 Great Officers upon the Kings Restoration 51 Orange Princess dies in England 60 Oxford the Court and Term there 85. The new Theatre there built 101. P. Parliament the long one dissolved 41. A new one meet 42. A new one call'd by the King 66. Physicians Colledge visited by the King 78 Q. Queen-Mother dies 101 R. Recapitulation of things past 1 Regicides brought to Tryal 53. Their several Characters 54 55 56 57 58 67 68 70. Rump-Government 5. inf Rump and Army at variance 10. S. Solemn League and Covenant burnt by the Hangman 66 V. Uly-Island and Ships there burnt by the English 93 Y. York Duke made Lord High Admiral 50. His great Victory at Sea 81. The Right of Kings in England In the person of a Monarch for above a thousand years And he hereditary And never dying To him all swear Allegiance and Supremacy The Prerogatives of the K. or chief marks of Majesty and the Regalia belong onely to the King So that all Estates and Possessions are derived from him and to him return at last He hath the care of Pupils and Lunaticks The power of coyning Money He confers all Honours and Offices Which are to be administred in his name alone His power in matters of War Also in Ecclesiastical affairs He moderates the rigour of Laws And judges in undecided cases He chuses his own Counsellors He that mounts the Throne is never to be brought to the Bar since the Law says he cannot die Nor can he err or do wrong But as he offends by his Ministers so is he punished The Heir of the Crown is by the death of his Predecessor ipso facto cleared from all guilt Yet it is not lawful to rule arbitrarily VVhat Rights belong to Parliaments To make and repeal Laws Impose Taxes Legitimate Bastards Enact the VVorship of God Set Rates on VVeights and Measures VVhat the Parliament of England is The Vpper House of it The Lower The time and place appointed by the King They are called by VVrits The manner of meeting The King declares the causes of their meeting in the Vpper House All and every one of the Members of the House of Commons take the Oath of Allegiance to the King And of Supremacy They chuse a Speaker whom they accompany to the King beseeching his Majesty to approve their Election And not to be offended with their freedom in speech ☞ All may petition but by the mediation of Deputies The way of debating and communicating opinions betwixt both Houses By the Kings consent the Bills are made Laws Or otherwise rejected Religious matters aâ—â—ommitâ—ed by the Kiâ—g to
The TROUBLES of ENGLAND by Dr. BATES Princip Phys to K.C.I. Summoning Hull Edghill Fight ECCLESIA I Sturt sculp Printed for Abel Swall at the Unicorn at the West end of St. Pauls 1685 Elenchus Motuum Nuperorum in Anglia OR A short Historical ACCOUNT OF The RISE and PROGRESS OF THE Late Troubles in England In TWO PARTS Written in Latin by Dr. GEORGE BATES Principal Physician to K. Charles the I. and K. Charles the II. MOTUS COMPOSITI OR THE HISTORY OF THE Composing the Affairs of England By the Restauration of K. Charles the Second And the Punishment of the Regicides And other Principal Occurrents to the Year 1669. Written in Latin by THO. SKINNER M.D. Made ENGLISH To which is added a Preface by a Person of Quality and in the body of the Work several choice Original Papers an account of which is given in the end of the Preface London Printed for Abel Swalle at the Vnicorn at the West-end of St. Paul's Church-yard 1685. THE PREFACE TO THE READER Added by a Person of Quality who had the care of Revisiing the Translation IN the beginning of the World the Life of Man being very long and the Transactions that happened neither great various nor many there was little need of History The Father living many hundred years with his Children and Grand-children had leisure and time sufficient to imprint in their memories the story of the few Occurrents that were past and no man coming then to govern any considerable number of men till he had lived the space of three or four of our longest lives put together was by that time abundantly furnished from his own Experience and what had happened in his own days with so much prudence as might qualifie him for Government But when after the Deluge the Life of Man was brought by degrees to about threescore and ten or fourscore years and much of the latter part of that small period became unfit for business by sickness and other calamities of old age and the affairs of the World grew numerous whether considered as past or present then it became necessary that Memorials should be kept for the relief of humane infirmity the perpetuation of the memory of Actions and that mankind who had but a short time to live upon the Earth might in that time be quickly and easily furnished with an artificial Experience derived from an artificial Memory by which Governours might be qualified for government and Subjects disposed to a dutiful submission to the Prudence and Conduct of their Superiours that so this short and transitory Life of Man might be rendered as wise and happy as it was possible and that Piety too might be nourished in the minds of men by a serious reflection on the Works of Gods Providence manifested in the several effects of his wise Conduct in the government of the World whereby he has in every Age demonstrated his Justice and Mercy in dealing to every man a Reward according to his Actions These were the Causes of the invention of Letters and of writing Histories or Memoires of past Events for the use of Posterity by those that had seen them or were otherwise well inform'd concerning them And those into whose hands these first Monuments fell were mighty fond of them and by often reading and deeply considering them in a short time much improv'd themselves in Wisdom Virtue and Piety For the first and most ancient Stories were written without any vain pomp of affected Words or Rhetorical Expressions the Historian not courting the Applause but labouring hard for the Improvement of the Reader And he again repairing to those venerable Repositories not to seek a vanishing Light unprofitable Pleasure and Devertisement but a solid and durable Improvement and the Rules of living well and wisely So there is a threefold use of History Political Moral and Divine Of all which briefly in their order The Political use of History is twofold first as it relates to Governours and then as it relates to Subjects or Inferiours The advantages Princes and Great men who are to govern others do or may reap from the reading of Histories well and wisely written are innumerable but then they are to such so well known that I need not spend any time to remark them here my designe not being to instruct my Betters but to improve if I may my Equals And as to Subjects the use of History is not much less by which if they would seriously reflect upon what is past they might learn many things that would be of great use to them and render theirs and their Governours lives more easie and happy 1. For first they might observe with what difficulties all humane Governments are beset how often God for causes known sometimes onely to himself defeats the wisest contrivances and designes of men How neighbouring Princes interpose and cross or frustrate their undertakings out of interest fear hope envy and the like How often want of due instruments provisions men moneys changes in the seasons and a thousand other accidents intervene and prevent their purposes Now this consideration would certainly if men were modest and just procure from them a due regard for their Superiours even then when they are unfortunate and not make every unprosperous accident that happened the effect of sloath negligence carelesness and supine stupidity And being thus disposed they might sometimes at least find the reason of publick Calamities in themselves at others in the justice of God punishing the sins of men or in the neighbour Princes or any other cause rather than traduce and defame their Governours and suspect their fidelity to their own Interests and Honour which must be infinitely dear to any man of sence 2. History will teach men that Religion and Liberty are very ill secured for the most part by Civil War and Rebellion for as to the first the right hand of God planted it in the World by Miracles and the effect of a mighty Providence without Force Wealth Eloquence or Policy by the Bloud and Patience the Meekness and simplicity the Holiness and Resignation of Saints Martyrs and Holy men And as it was planted so it must be defended so it must be preserved But then there is nothing in the world more contrary to this method than for Subjects to raise Tumults encourage Insurrections list Armies and attempt the ruine and destruction of their Princes and fellow-Subjects to defend this Faith which was planted by Meekness and watered with the blouds and tears of the Martyrs and this if Religion be never so apparently persecuted and endeavoured to be destroyed But who can delineate the madness of perpetrating all these horrid Villanies out of meer fear jealousie Religion should be designed upon before there is one drop of Bloud spilt or one man ruined or attempted to be ruined And as to Civil Liberty and Property they were won from kind and good-natured Princes by the dutiful Carriage and Civility of their Subjects And therefore there
intersint ad consentiendum his quae tum ibidem de communi concilio Regni nostri Divinâ favente clementiâ contigerit ordinari Teste Meipso c. The ancient form of the Writ to the Peers The Kings Writ to the Nobles or Peers runs thus CHARLES by the grace of God c. to the most Reverend Father in Christ if it speaks to any of the Bishops to Our Cousin if it is addressed to any Duke Marquess or Earl To our Beloved and Faithful if to a Baron Whereas by the advice of Our Council We have ordained that Our Parliament shall be holden at Westminster c. for the dispatch of certain difficult and urgent Affairs concerning or pertaining to Us and the State and Defence of Our Kingdom of England and of the Church of England and there to hold a Colloquy and Treat with you and with the rest of the Prelates Great men and Nobles of Our said Kingdom of England Therefore We by the Fidelity and Love if the Writ be sent to the Bishops by the Fidelity and Allegiance if to any of the Peers which you owe to Us streightly injoyning command you that in consideration of the difficulty of the aforesaid Affairs and of the Dangers impending laying aside all Excuses at the day and place aforesaid you personally appear to treat with Us together with the rest of the Prelates Great men and Nobles concerning the Affairs aforesaid and thereupon give Us your counsel And this you are not to omit as you love Us and Our Honour and the Safety of Our said Kingdom and the expedition of the said Affairs And if the Writ be directed to a Bishop it goes on further thus And you are to forewarn the Dean and Chapter of your Church and all the Clergy of your Diocess that the said Dean and the Archdeacons be personally present and the said Chapter by one and the said Clergy by two sufficient Procurators having full and sufficient power from the said Chapter and Clergy at the day and place aforesaid to Consent to those things which then and there by the favour of the divine Clemency shall happen to be ordained by the Common Council of Our Kingdom Witness my self c. Ad Communes seu Inferioris Confessus Senatores Aliud Rescriptum ad Vicecomites Praesides Civitatum seu Municipiorum conceptis hisce verbis ità se habet Rex Vicecomiti salutem Quia de advisamento assensu Concilii nostri c. progreditur ut superius ibidem cum Praelatis Magnatibus Proceribus Regni nostri Colloquium habere tractatum Tibi praecipimus firmiter injungentes quòd factâ Proclamatione in Comitatu tuo post receptionem hujus Brevis nostri Parliamenti tenendi die loco praedictis duos Milites gladiis cinctos magis idoneos discretos Comitatûs praedicti de qualibet Civitate Comitatûs illius duos Cives de quolibet Burgo duos Burgenses de discretioribus magìs sufficientibus liberè indifferenter per illos qui Electioni huic interfuerint juxta formam Statutorum indè edictorum provisorum eligi nomina eorundem Militum Civium Burgensium in quibusdam Indenturis inter te illos qui hujusmodi Electioni interfuerint conficiendis sive hujusmodi electi praesentes fuerint sive absentes inseri eósque ad dictum diem locum venire facies Ità quòd iidem Milites plenam sufficientem potestatem pro se Communitate praedicti Comitatûs ac dicti Cives Burgenses pro se Communitatibus Civitatum Burgorum praedictorum divisim ab ipsis habeant ad faciendum consentiendum his quae tum ibidem de communi Concilio Regni nostri favente Deo contigerit ordinari super negotiis antè dictis ità nè pro defectu potestatis hujusmodi seu propter improvidam Electionem Militum Civium aut Burgensium praedictorum praedicta negotia infecta maneant quovis modo Nolumus tamen quòd tu nec aliquis alius Vicecomes dicti Regni nostri aliqualiter sit electus To the Members of the House of Commons Another Writ directed to the Sheriffs and Chief Magistrates of Cities and Corporations runs thus The King to the Sheriff greeting Whereas by the Advice and Assent of Our Council c. as before then and there to hold a Colloquy and Treaty with Our Prelates Great men and Nobles of Our Kingdom c. We command and streightly injoyn you that a Proclamation being made in your County Court after the receipt of this Our Writ concerning Our Parliament to be holden at the day and place aforesaid you do cause two Knights of the most fitting and discreet of your County aforesaid and of every City in the said County two Citizens and of every Burrow or Corporation two Burgesses of the most discreet and sufficient to be freely and indifferently chosen according to the form of the Statutes in that case made and provided by those who shall be then present at the said Election and you are also to insert the names of the said Knights Citizens and Burgesses whether the persons so elected be present or absent in certain Indentures to be made betwixt you and those who shall be present at the said Election and you shall cause them to appear at the day and place aforesaid so as the said Knights have full and sufficient power for themselves and the Community of the aforesaid County and the said Citizens and Burgesses for themselves and the Communities of the said Cities and Corporations severally to do and consent to those things which by the favour of God shall by the Common Council of Our Kingdom be ordained concerning the Affairs aforesaid so that by the want of such Power or by the improvident Election of the Knights Citizens or Burgesses aforesaid the Affairs aforesaid be not in any way left unfinished undispatched Yet We will not that you or any other Sheriff of Our said Kingdom be by any means elected These things being punctually performed according to exactness of Law the Members in a solemn and splendid Procession such as may imprint an Awe and Reverence in the minds of the People go first to Church and then to the Parliament-house And at that time the King coming into the House of Lords and having called up the Members of the House of Commons either speaks to them himself or causes the Lord Chancellor to declare to them the weighty causes of their meeting and what it is he would have them consult and deliberate about for the Publick Good The King is not obliged afterward unless he please to be present at their Consultations except at the end of a Session that he may give the strength and vigour of a Law to their Bills The Knights and Burgesses of the Lower House have severally the Oath of Allegiance administred unto them by one appointed for that effect by the King which amongst other things
difficulty also the Fleet under the command of the Earl of Warwick is divided but all this still without any fighting There was much skirmishing indeed on both sides by Apologies and Manifesto's but after that the King in the judgment of most men had got the better on 't at the Pen at length they come to try the matter by Armies and the Sword It was easie for the Parliament to raise an Army in London a City abounding with swarms of seditious and restless men where so many Arms so great quantity of Provision and Ammunition so much Money and so many thousand pieces of Ordnance were ready at hand Where by the publick Declarations of so many specious Causes for which it might seem even honourable to die and the plausible Motto's in their Colours they inflamed the minds of the deluded Rabble more than with the sound of the Trumpet or Drum pretending forsooth That they took Arms for the defence of the Kings Person and to remove evil Counsellors from him for maintaining the Priviledges of Parliament and the preservation of the Reformed Religion for asserting the Laws and ancient Government of England nay and for securing their Religion Lives and Estates and therefore inviting all to their assistance By which Artifices the Preachers being bewitched who were desirous of a change in the Church-government and somewhat tickled with the hopes which the Rebels had roundly promised that the Livings of the Loyal Clergy and the fat Benefices of the Bishops Deans and Chapters would fall to their share in the Dividend they sound the Trumpet to Rebellion from the Pulpit from whence they ought to have preached the Gospel of Peace The People upon this spurred on with other hopes of a future Golden Age and of the temporal reign of the Messias comes flocking from all quarters the men bringing a vast quantity of Money and Plate and the women their Wedding-Rings Thimbles and Bodkins and without any regard to their Families by a strange kind of a phrenzy casting them into the publick Stock or Treasury The men strove who should be first to list themselves in this holy War whence in a short time there was an Army of about twenty thousand men got together before the King had levied five hundred for his defence and they also having more Cannon than he had Muskets in his possession For raising Pay for their Army besides the profuse Contributions and Benevolences of the People they seize the Goods of the Nobility and Gentry whom they knew to be of the Kings Party they fall also upon the Revenues of the Bishops Prince Queen and of the King himself by way of sequestration so that the Kings Majesty was forced to complain That they had not left him enough to live on And now they thought there was no more to be done but to march and seize the person of the King who was overcome and in a manner taken in a toyl which they doubted not to promise themselves to be done within the space of a month But the Will of God was otherwise for the Juggles of the Rebels had not so blinded the understanding of the English but that most part of the Lords and Peers of the Vpper House and almost an equal number of the Lower who for Estates and Quality far exceeded the rest went over to the Kings Party Many also of those who tarried at London favoured the Royal Cause in secret and in all Counties of the Kingdom there were many Gentlemen and common people that stood for the interest of the King By the assistance of these and the Royal Authority which like the Sun in an eclipse drew together a crowd of Spectators and by a certain pity and commiseration of some men who were ashamed to behold the Head of the Kingdom depressed into such a condition as to be forced to flie from the Imperial City to York from York to Nottingham from Nottingham into Shropshire and the borders of Wales after he had wandered up and down above four months long and in vain imploring the help and assistance of his Subjects the King at length got together a kind of a small Army which afterwards increased to greater Forces the people the more readily flocking to the King because with him they thought the Government must stand or fall Many of the Nobility and Gentry also brought what Forces they could to the Kings Party amongst whom not to rob any of the Honour due to them the Loyalty and Interest of the two Marquesses of Hertford and Newcastle was eminently conspicuous of whom the first brought with him a considerable Body of Dutch and the other almost at his own charge raised no inconsiderable Army in the North the Queen also sending over Moneys and Arms which by pawning her Jewels she had raised for which dutiful office to her Husband the Rebels accuse her of Treason Whilst these Clouds overcast the Sky at home a dismal Tempest thunders from abroad upon the heads of the English which because it was of no small moment as to our affairs that I may not wholly pass by in silence the Reader must cross the Sea with me into Ireland The Irish who always bore impatiently the Yoke of the English Government out of a natural aversion heightened by the emulation of different Religions watched for an opportunity to shake off the one and to assert the other I mean the Roman Catholick Religion did now attempt the Enterprize which long before they had formed in their minds For the whole Nation of a sudden and which was strange by a clandestine and concealed Conspiracy fell upon the English scattered over Ireland who were secure and expected no such thing turn them out of house and hold and without distinction of Age or Sex without respect to Affinity or Relation barbarously butcher many thousands like so many humane Sacrifices to their Superstition And had not the Conspiracy been detected at Dublin and in other places the more cautious running to Arms had not withstood their fury the English name was in a fair way of being totally extinguished in Ireland The good luck was that the very day before the intended Insurrection the mystery of the Plot was discovered at Dublin by an Irish Footman belonging to Sir John Clotwaithie who having refused to act the part that was put upon him in the Conspiracy opened the whole Intrigue to his Master who presently informed the Privy-Council of it Though many of the Conspirators fled yet two of the chief Incendiaries and Promoters of the Rebellion who had also undertaken to surprize Dublin-Castle I mean the Lord Macquire and Macmahon were apprehended Being committed to Prison they were afterwards conveyed to London where having long suffered the incommodities of a Prison that we may at once make an end of them they made their escape but being by another Irish-man betrayed in the absence of the King who was then inevitably engaged
Argile with the Forces he had raised being no less an Army at home than Cromwel was abroad reduced them in a short time to such streights that the Army which had been raised by order of Parliament was forced to lay down Arms and submit to the discretion of Argile's Faction Then was a new Parliament called all being excluded who had taken up Arms or voted for engaging in a War for the delivery of the King In this the Acts of the last Parliament were recinded the War declared to have been unlawful Cromwel had the publick thanks and Argile privately engaged as Cromwel himself boasted that he would concur with the Oligarchicks of England and root out Monarchy when occasion offered in Scotland as well as in England Besides many Ships the Tyde turning according to the innate levine of Seamen prepare to make defection from the Prince casting themselves into the protection of the Earl of Warwick who had won their hearts by frequent Largesses and who was set over a new Fleet for a time that he might draw over the Seamen again to the obedience of the Parliament but being beset with the Spies Of the Oligarchick Rebels and having done their job he justly received the usual Reward from these Masters that is he was turned out and laid aside Whilst the Army is busied in these Wars the Members of Parliament being a little rid of the yoak of the Army and Cromwel that were now at a distance and seriously considering how ill all the People of the Kingdom would resent the injuries done to the King and how ticklish their own affairs stood they begin to think of Peace and growing wise behind hand against the advice of the Oligarchick Republicans they rescind the Votes of None Addresses by the unanimous consent of both Houses They appoint a Conference with the King for composing Differences but by Commissioners and that in the Isle of Wight For this purpose they commissionate five Lords for the Vpper House and ten Commoners for the Lower The Propositions to be debated in that Conference are prescribed to the Commissioners ¶ That the Translator relates all which verbatim though it be contrary to the designe of this Work and of the Author who hath onely entred the short Articles marked with the numbers I. II.III I hope the Reader will not dislike since the Articles at large contain so excellent a description of the Changes that were then intended to be made in the Government of England that it is thought very fit to publish them according to the perfect Copy printed by order of both Houses the 29th of August 1648. May it please your Majesty WE the Lords and Commons assembled in the Parliament of England in the name and on the behalf of the Kingdoms of England and Ireland and the Commissioners of the Parliament of Scotland in the name and on the behalf of the Kingdom of Scotland Do humbly present unto your Majesty the humble desires and Propositions for a safe and well-grounded Peace agreed upon by the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively unto which we do pray your Majesties Assent And that they and all such Bills as shall be tendered to your Majesty in pursuance of them or any of them may be Established and Enacted for Statutes and Acts of Parliament by your Majesties Royal Assent in the Parliaments of both Kingdoms respectively I. WHereas both Houses of the Parliament of England have been necessitated to undertake a War in their just and lawful defence and afterwards both Kingdoms of England and Scotland joyned in Solemn League and Covenant were engaged to prosecute the same That by Act of Parliament in each Kingdom respectively all Oaths Declarations and Proclamations heretofore had or hereafter to be had against both or either of the Houses of the Parliament of England the Parliament of the Kingdom of Scotland and the late Convention of Estates in Scotland or Committees flowing from the Parliament or Convention in Scotland or their Ordinances and Proceedings or against any for adhering unto them or for doing or executing any Office Place or Charge by any Authority derived from them and all Judgments Indictments Outlawries Attainders and Inquisitions in any the said Causes and all Grants thereupon made or had or to be made or had be declared Null suppressed and forbidden And that this be publickly intimated in all Parish-Churches within his Majesties Dominions and all other places needful II. That his Majesty according to the laudable example of his Royal Father of happy memory may be pleased to swear and signe the late Solemn League and Covenant and that an Act of Parliament be passed in both Kingdoms respectively for enjoyning the taking thereof by all the Subjects of the three Kingdoms and the Ordinances concerning the manner of taking the same in both Kingdoms be confirmed by Acts of Parliament respectively with such Penalties as by mutual advice of both Kingdoms shall be agreed upon III. That a Bill be passed for the utter abolishing and taking away of all Archbishops Bishops their Chancellors and Commissaries Deans and Sub-Deans Deans and Chapters Arch-Deacons Canons and Prebendaries and all Chaunters Chancellors Treasurers Sub-Treasurers Succentors and Sacrists all Vicars Choril and Choresters old Vicars and new Vicars of any Cathedral or Collegiate-Church and all other their under-Officers out of the Church of England and Dominion of Wales and out of the Church of Ireland with such alterations concerning the Estates of Prelates as shall agree with the Articles of the late Treaty of the date at Edenburgh 29 November 1643. and joynt Declaration of both Kingdoms IV. That the Ordinances concerning the calling and sitting of the Assembly of Divines be confirmed by Act of Parliament V. That Reformation of Religion according to the Covenant be setled by Act of Parliament in such manner as both Houses have agreed or shall agree upon after consultation had with the Assembly of Divines For as much as both Kingdoms are mutually obliged by the same Covenant to endeavour the nearest Conjunction and Uniformity in matters of Religion That such Unity and Uniformity in Religion according to the Covenant as after consultation had with the Divines of both Kingdoms now assembled is or shall be joyntly agreed upon by both Houses of the Parliament of England and by the Church and Kingdom of Scotland be confirmed by Acts of Parliament of both Kingdoms respectively VI. That for the more effectual disabling Jesuits Priests Papists and Popish Recusants from disturbing the State and deluding the Laws and for the better discovering and speedy conviction of Popish Recusants an Oath be established by Act of Parliament to be administred to them wherein they shall abjure and renounce the Popes Supremacy the Doctrine of Transubstantiation Purgatory worshipping of the Consecrated Hoast Crucifixes and Images and all other Popish Superstitions and Errours and refusing the said Oath being tendred in such manner as shall be appointed by the said Act to
the Booty which they thought themselves sure of whisper about that they observed the Enemies Horse feeding without the Walls and that if an old demolished Castle called Baggoâ—s-wreath about a Musquet shot from the Walls were new Fortified which might be done in a Nights time the Enemy might be hindred both from Forage and Provisions which being wanting Dublin must of necessity be surrendred within the space of a Week And therefore they earnestly desire that before they drew off they might have leave to attempt this The Counsel upon viewing the place was thought good and it was not long before the Army was drawn out and a choice made of Pioneers for the Work To whom Orders were given to repair the Castle raise it higher and cast up a Wall about it whilst the Horse and Foot were in readiness behind to defend them About Mid-night the Lord Lieutenant came thinking that the work had been almost finished but finding that it was not as yet begun by their mistaking the way having severely chid the Labourers and placed another Overseer over them he encourages them to the work then returning to the Camp he kept Watch all the rest of the Night and by break of day gave Orders that the Army should stand to their Arms and be in a readiness whilst he refresh'd himself a little in Bed But before he had been there an hour he was wakened out of sleep by the noise and firing of Shot and starting up immediately to see what the matter was Alas he found too late that the Souldiers had been negligent in keeping Watch and that in the mean time Jones had broken in into that half-repaired Castle and that the Captain of the Guard being at first onset killed all his Men were turned to a shameful flight These things succeeding so well with the Enemy their boldness as it usually happens increasing with their good Fortune not only the whole Souldiers to the number of twelve hundred Horse and four thousand Foot but a great many of the Citizens also came rushing out of the Town and fiercely charge the Kings Forces who were in disorder putting all into Confusion there being nothing but Horror Noise Slaughter and flying of Men to be heard or seen In this deplorable state of Affairs the Lord Lieutenant having with Sword in Hand Prayers and Intreaties in vain endeavoured to stop and rally the Fugitives he breaks through the thick of the Enemy crosses the River and encourages Dillo with all speed to come to the assistance of the Army and fall upon the Enemy now wearied and busie at Plunder But he finds them tho they had not as yet seen the Enemies Face seized with a panick Fear throwing away their Arms and betaking themselves to flight In this fatal Engagement the wealthy Camp is plundered and all that during the space of a whole year had been with much Labour and most diligent care gathered together is scattered in the twinkling of an Eye Three thousand Men were killed two thousand and one hundred private Souldiers an hundred and fifty Officers higher and lower taken above eight thousand Arms the Tents Warlike Engines all the Baggage and Ammunition fell all into the hands of the devouring Enemy A great Overthrow indeed and which gave an incurable wound to the Royal Cause in Ireland The Kings Souldiers taking the advice that was given them in their slight betake themselves to Drogheda The Lord Lieutenant hastens to Kilkenny that he might muster his broken Forces having upon his march summoned the strong Castle of Bellison upon pretext that Dublin was taken which surrendred There having represented to the Convention of Estates that were still sitting what loss he had sustained and having moved them for Supplies and Money he sets forward to Drogheda with three hundred Horse And that in a very opportune time for Jones had hastned thither with some Horse that by the sole presence of the Conquerour he might reduce the City now in disorder by the news of the late overthrow and confusion of the Souldiers But the coming of the Lord Lieutenant scaring away Jones the Fear and Danger were both quickly over Next he Fortifies Trim Neury Dundalk and other neighbouring places putting strong Garrisons where it was needful he views all places gives Orders and prepares for a vigorous defence being resolved to meet Cromwell if he came that way whilst his Horse relieving the places that were in danger he might in the beginning of the Spring raise a new Army But in that also his hopes were in vain For Cromwell having received the glad tydings of the Victory set Sail from Milford-Haven and that he might pursue the Point upon the discomfited Enemy and carry the Wound home to the Heart he steers his Course straight to Dublin with a Fleet of about an hundred Ships Men of War and Tenders and wholly slighting Munster arrived there in the Month of August One thousand six hundred and forty nine where having put ashore the Souldiers with the Artillery Ammunition and Baggage he makes a General-Muster of about fifteen thousand Men most of them old Souldiers for he thought it better to excel in Valour than in Number and to take along with him stout Hands and not many Heads He declares Jones Lieutenant-General Ireton Major-General and Reynolds General of the Horse assigning to every one their several Offices He orders Venables to march to Derry to the Elder Coot with a Regiment of Horse and two Regiments of Foot He himself with ten thousand Men marches streight to Drogheda having committed the care of the Fleet to Aiskew the Admiral In this Town the Lord Liuetenant had put the Flower of his Veterane Souldiers most English under the Command of Sir Arthur Aston a Gentleman Renowned in the Wars both at home and abroad but for the most part unfortunate And here Cromwell resolved to make his first Essay of the War Aston on the contrary laid his Design to tire out and break the Enemy insolent through Victory by the badness of the Weather Watching and Hunger then expose them to be harrassed and alarmed by the Lord Lieutenants Horse and the Foot that were shortly to be recruited until the Royalists being reassured and encreased in force might have the courage to provoke the Cromwellians and fight them in a pitched Battel But he flatters himself in vain for Cromwell attacks not the place by opening of Trenches slow Approaches and the other acts of a Siege But having forthwith caused a Battery to be raised on the North side of the Town and planted with Guns he so plied the place with continual Shooting that he quickly made two Breaches in the Wall and immediately Commands an Assault to be made that with Courage and Resolution they might force their entry into the place But this having been twice unsuccessfully attempted he himself with Ireton commanding the Attack with Indignation and Courage
only are bound by the Religion of Treaties and Agreements but the Scots not at all Let them pretend their League and Covenant but withal let them consider that therein Religion and the Liberty of the Subject is in the first place to be secured and that the honour and defence of the King is designed but in the second place and in order to the former since therefore these two thwart one another it is but just that that which is last and morâ— ignoble be dispenced with As to what concerns the establishment of Presbytery it was not certainly the intention of the Covenant by force of Arms to impose it upon people whether they would or not unless it could be made out by Holy Scripture and Arguments of sound reason to which they themselves were ready to subscribe Afterwards they profess in the Name of God and with bowels full of love and compassion That it would be their greatest joy if without Arms they might obtain satisfaction and security This they cause to be dispersed among the Scots that came to Market to Berwick thereby to wheedle them and create a good Opinion of themselves and stir up Factions among the People Cromwell also gives the Scots sweet words having published a Declaration and caused it by his Agents to be dispersed through Scotland Wherein he bids the honest Inhabitants through whose Countries the Army was to march to be of good courage he having no quarrel with them and not to depart from their Houses it being his intention to do injury to no man but rather to protect all He moreover puts them in mind of the modesty and good discipline of the Souldiers whereof they themselves were eye witnesses when he pursued Duke Hamilton 's men into the heart of the Kingdom telling them that from that was past they should make a Judgment of what was to come That he took to heart all the concerns of good men and that now he drew his Sword against the Authors of wrongs who had lately polluted both England and Scotland with Blood and Slaughter and who would involve them into new Miseries having admitted into their bosom the King an open favourer of wickedness But he sings to the deaf they being now sufficiently acquainted with his tricks and fallacies For the Inhabitants flying with what Goods they could carry with them betook themselves to places of more security nor was there a bit of Victuals to be found in that Country but what was brought in the Ships that waited upon the Coast About the end of June one thousand six hundred and fifty after four days march in the Enemies Country he came to Musselbrough within a few miles of Edenborrough with five thousand five hundred Horse eleven thousand Foot sixteen field pieces and all sorts of warlike Provisions In the mean time the Scots were not idle but having levied an Army under the Command of Old Leslie with much expedition part of the Forces were encamped and strongly entrenched betwixt Leeth and Edenburrough To whose assistance flocked daily Souldiers raised in all parts who had taken the Covenant and neither served under Montross nor Hamilton No respect in the mean time was had to the King who was left at St. Johnston upon pretext that he had not spent time enough in Prayers and the Works of Mortification for receiving the mold and impression of Presbytery Cromwell afterward draws up his Army in Battalia within a mile of the Scottish Camp and took the Field that he might provoke them to come to Battel But the Scots not inclining to come to an Engagement he went up to Arthurs seat near Edenburrough that he might view the Enemy and consider whether he had not best to fall into their Camp whil'st his Forces were as yet in good plight and the Scots not altogether well prepared But the Officers disswaded him from that enterprise as being full of danger if not also rash Wherefore perceiving that no good was to be done that way he marches towards Musselbrough to refresh his Souldiers leaving a Guard behind that might keep the Enemy in play if perchance they might charge him in the Reer And indeed they did so and beat and put that party to flight pursuing them until Lambert with another Body of men put a stop to their Victory though he received two wounds Many were killed in that Engagement which nevertheless was but as a prelude to the Slaughter of the night following For Straughan had undertaken with fifteen hundred Horse raised by the Clergy to have Cromwell either alive or dead For that end Prayers were poured forth in the Churches and the Ministers roaring from the Pulpits implored nay I had almost said commanded the Victory As if God Almighty had been obliged in duty by all means to assist his own Saints purged from the leaven of Malignancy and joyned to himself by Covenant against King-killing Hereticks and Sectarians In the mean time Straughan falls in suddenly and briskly upon the Cromwellians and puts their Out-Guards into Disorder but with no happy success for the Enemy coming up in Bodies one after another beat off the Black-Coat men and pursued them even to the Camp Straughan himself having been dismounted and with much ado escaping into the Town The flying and consternation was so great that the Pursuers had almost entered the Enemies Camp had not the Kings Majesty who came that morning been happily there For he causing the Cannon to be turned against the Fugitives threatned to Fire upon them if they rallied not and drew up again in order under the protection of the Guns of the Camp that so the Troops one after another might be received into the Camp His Majesty lay in his Cloaths all that night upon the ground without a wink of sleep but the Souldiers next morning being sensible from what danger he had delivered the Army and how much he had deserved at their hands had C. R. marked with a Coal or Match some upon their Hats and Caps and others on their Coats as a badge of their gratitude The Council of War was very angry at these things and the Ministers coming earnestly beg of him that he would withdraw and not expose himself to the dangers of War They pretend to be in Covenant with God as no King was and that That Life which was to be preferred before the Lives of ten thousand private Souldiers was not to be exposed to the Enemy with many things of that nature But the King obstinately refusing and judging it unworthy that he who swayed the Royal Scepter and wore the Crown should fear Wounds or shun the shedding of his Blood for his Subjects The Commanders also come and intercede with him They beseech urge and at length not obscurely threaten that if he would not he might shift for himself and if he desired not to meet with worse usage he would remove to some other place
all his Endeavours to have them cleared But the Parricides under pretext of doing Justice refer the Matter to the Court of Admiralty which by long Delays protracts the Suit till the Silver upon pretext of the Publick Necessity being brought ashore and Coyned in the Tower of London was in Oliver's Protectorship Condemned with the rest of the Goods Let us now make a step over to the Portuguese whose King 's Excuse Cromwell took in very good part seeing he pretended sorrow for what he had done Wherefore he discharges the Ships laden with Sugar upon reparation of the English Losses and enters into Alliance with him for confirmation whereof Medows is sent over to Portugal with the Embassador who then was upon his return But I must not here pass over the Embassadors Brother Don Pantaleon Sa who had not the luck to return again into his own Country For he walking one Evening in the New Exchange of London and resenting an Affront which he thought he had received from one Gerard the Night following he repairs to the same Place attended by the Retinue of his Brother the Embassador and with Sword and Pistol falls indifferently upon Men and Women A great Hubbub rising upon this Colonel May an Irish-man drew and alone beat off the Portuguese the Authors of the Tumult However next morning Don Pantaleon Sa was carried out of his Brother's House to be tried for the Murder of one Greenway an innocent Person who was unexpectedly and unfortunately killed in the Scuffle and was shortly after brought to the Bar before Rolls Chief Justice of England having some Doctors of the Civil Law for Assessors where the Prisoner having pleaded and much insisted upon the Privileges of the Embassador he is notwithstanding found guilty and condemned But having afterwards by the help of a certain Mistress made his escape out of Prison either by the Discovery of a pretended Friend or the diligent Search of the Keepers he was again apprehended and six months after beheaded upon Tower-hill his Countenance looking so pale that he seemed to have been dead before he died At the same time and upon the same place Gerard for a different Cause and with far greater Resolution suffered the same Death For he was condemned by the High Court of Justice as they called it for asserting the Royal Cause and upon the same Scaffold where the Portuguese afterward suffered he chearfully and undauntedly had his Head struck off upon the Block So by Death they seemed to be made Friends who so lately sought one anothers Life Vowell a School-master was hanged for the same Cause who bravely upbraiding the Judges to their Faces with Injustice he cited the Judges and Cromwell to appear before the Judgment Seat of God who will render to every one according to their Works But let us return to our King who having an Appartment in the Louvre did not lazily lament his Misfortunes but tried all ways whereby he might better his cross Fortune and set things to rights again He uses all Endeavours to procure the Favour of the King the Cardinal and Princes He mediates a Peace betwixt Spain and France but in vain seeing the Cardinal was against it His next Care was by persuading some and appeasing others to reconcile the Princes of the Blood of France to the King who were in a bad understanding because of the Cardinal At length he prevailed with the Duke of Lorrain who was joyned with the Princes against the King to depart peaceably out of France though he had entred it full of Anger and Revenge But this cost Our King dear For whilst He and the Duke of York were in a private Conference with Lorrain the Duke of Beaufort coming in by chance discovered it to the Princes of the contrary Faction who casting the blame upon the King that Lorrain afterwards forsook them made the French bespatter Him and all His Retinue with bitter Railleries and Calumnies He being a little moved at these things removed to St. Germans until he was informed that Burdeauxe de Neufville had made a firm Peace with Cromwell and then through Liege and Aix la Chapell he went to Cologne in Germany where by the Burgomaster and Senators he was invited to a Banquet and welcomed with all the Expressions of Joy and Friendship The Royalists in England at first knew not what Hand to turn to yet they cast about all ways how they might restore the King to His ancient Dignity and by shaking off the Yoke of Tyranny recover at length their own Liberty The Parricides were indeed but few in number in comparison of them but they were such as exceeded them in craftiness and being victorious had the Arms and Money in their Hands and besides were so well served by their clandestine Spies that they had a watchful eye over all so that they could not confer Counsels nor discourse privately together nor so much as whisper any Business And this was the reason that all Stirs and Attempts of Liberty were prevented The Prebyterians also though they wished well to the King yet for the most part stuck obstinately to their Principles neither advising nor associating with the Royalists but rather entertaining their old grudge and hatred against them The Royalists nevertheless finding by degrees Opportunities of conferring together did by faithful Messengers by Cyphers and Characters by Signs and the dumb Language of Fingers exhort animate and stir up Parties against Cromwell Some of the bolder sort openly disobeyed his Commands many unwillingly complied under pretext of Laws to the contrary whilst others with various Colours and Pretences some pretending themselves Presbyterians others Republicans and others again Anabaptists were still jumbling Affairs and Plotting At length Royal Commissioners began to be appointed all over England the Chief to remain in London and the Inferiour in the several Counties and Provinces with Power to act and by Messengers going to and again to give one another and the Kings Majesty intelligence of the Beginning and Progress of Affairs and of the opportuonities of Acting Among these were some Presbyterians but not many These Commissioners were impowred to draw as many others as they could into the same Association which they set about after this manner Every one according as they could acquainted their trusty Companions with their purpose of Rising the Place Time but that privately and one onely at a time lest if the Matter afterward should come to be detected there might be no more but one Witness against the Party accused So the Affair was spread amongst a vast number of Men and the more to be feared that it was communicated to so many Few Nobles either of higher or lower Quality but were made acquainted with the Design and though some declined the Danger yet most of them kept Counsel Nay many Republicans who now were more displeased with the Tyranny of Cromwell
the old man so long as he hoped for a Successour out of his Family and to be adopted in the Army where his reputation was great He secretly despised Cromwel's Relations as too low and unfit for Principality thinking that he alone remained worthy to be advanced to Supremacy Which afterwards more secretly but not more justly he attempted rather than obtained The awe of Cromwel whilst alive gave some check such as it was to the dissembled madness of the Democratical Republicans But the Family of the Cromwels being ruined the British affairs were in that state that amongst the Regicides no faith love judgment nor truth was to be found The furious unsetled Colonels without sense or honesty laying aside all care of Reputation or Justice softened and fed their private hopes The Power of the Rulers was mutually suspected and the Honour of the Nation wholly slighted And the same Army of Cromwel abandoning the Family of their General perfidiously abolished the Protectordom which by perjuries they had established as a brave and memorable Constitution The Rabble also were so inclined that many desired and all accustomed to the Yoke of Bondage suffered the Rump-Parliament though of old notorious for flagitiousness and now for buoying up the aspiring Colonels In the mean time all things were carried according to the pleasure of the Rump and the dictates of Fanaticks the terrour of the present and presages of future evils But the turns of the Government were no less odious than the vices of the Parricides to those who any ways concerned themselves for the Publick In the mean time they were not free from danger whom Quality the suspicion of Loyalty to the King Wealth or eminent Parts rendred obnoxious to the Jealousies of the Rulers The old Souldiers of the King and such as were devoted to Charles the Second in the mean while who had hearts to do and suffer any thing rejoyced in secret having without the loss of reputation or degenerating from the ancient care they were sprung from endured the calamities of Adversity the long insulting and many Rapines of Robbers and all the shams of Fortune with an honest and patient Poverty Though the settlement of Cromwel in the government and the unshaken fidelity of his Adherents had so often defeated all their endeavours of restoring the King yet they carefully eyed the dissensions and distractions of the Fanaticks and the turns and revolutions of the Government And now the mutual clashings of the Rebels gave courage to the Loyal Nobility secretly to contrive the restauration of their Liberty and under pretence of a free and full Parliament the recovery of the just Rights of King CHARLES For that end they made use of the assistance of some Presbyterians an inflexible sort of men a bad presage of a certain overthrow since they are a kind of people that make use of good fortune rather for the subversion than the establishment of Kings Thus a framed Conspiracy all over England produced both glory and danger to the illustrious Undertakers Sir George Booth now Lord Delamere appeared first in the Insurrection in Cheshire He was assisted with the advice and hands by the Earls of Derby and Kilmurry Sir Thomas Middleton Major-General Egerton and many others of less note who having incited their Country-men to take up Arms and having formed an Army they put a Garrison in Chester an ancient City washed by the River Dee Booth himself in the mean time with 2000 Horse and Foot took the Field expecting the aid of all good men throughout England in so illustrious an Undertaking but with more Loyalty than Fortune At the news of so sudden an Eruption the Rump was terrified and being doubtful of their New Government startled at the present Commotions apprehensive of future and conscious of the greatness of their own Crimes they were in fear of all men And so much the more that they knew that Booth was not the sole Head of the Party but that there were many more besides him who hatched the same designes The Parricides had no other hopes of safety but in daring boldly wherefore arming with expedition the fiercest of the Sectarian Rout doubling their Guards and sending flying parties of the old Forces into all Counties and Towns they no sooner smelt out but they prevented the designes of the Royalists In the mean time Lambert is ordered with a body of Horse and Foot to march in all haste against Booth But the guilty Parricides could not think themselves secure unless they were re-enforced with Souldiers from Scotland and the Garrison of Dunkerk and with two Regiments called from Ireland commanded by Zanchie and Axtell After that Booth had in vain endeavoured to hinder their conjunction both Armies come in view one of another near Norwich but the River that runs by the Town hindred the Enemy from approaching Booth had set a strong Guard to defend the Bridge over the River and had drawn up his men beyond it but still inferiour both in number and fortune For Lambert having gained the Bridge charged Booth's Forces so warmly that the raw and unexperienced Country-Rout were not able to endure the shock of the old and expert Souldiers Lambert having put all of them to flight Chester is surrendered unto him Booth after his overthrow hunting about for a safe retreat was discovered in disguise at Newport and taken from whence being carried to London he was clapt up in the Tower His whole Estate which was pretty considerable being seized his head had likewise gone had not a greater destiny preserved him from the imminent cruelty of the Rump For the shortness of their government seems to be the cause that the punishment of Booth's Party was rather deferred than remitted The short-lived Rump in the mean time were not a little proud of the overthrow of their enemies and emboldened by this auspicious beginning of their New Government And the Cheshire-Insurrection was so convenient for Lambert's interest that he reckoned it amongst the favours of his prosperous fortune For having thereby attained which he so much desired to the pre-eminence of a General he intended to triumph not so much over Booth as over the conquered Rump and indeed the mutual confidence of the Knaves was not durable for the Rump was jealous of the Army and the Army of the Rump Lambert in the mean time who had a vast power in the Army exceeding all bounds of a private condition so wheadled the Officers and Souldiers that upon their return they drew up and signed a Petition at Derby wherein after they had alleadged many ridiculous falshood of their dutifulness towards the Rump their affection to the Publick and Liberty of the People they saucily desire the House that the Command of the Army should be put into the hands of Fleetwood and Lambert as the onely means of uniting the Forces in faithfulness and concord which
not now avail them That it was madness after the slaughter of so many Royalists the killing of so many Nobles and the unparallel'd Crime of the Murder of Charles the First to expect from a young banished man and exasperated by a long Exile a Pardon which God Almighty would hardly give for so many Villanies That there remained then no remedy for them but a daring boldness whilst as yet neither the Authority of the Parliament in the House nor that of Monk in both the Armies was firmly enough setled Let us therefore dare say they and re-attempt Murders Rapines Disturbances of State and all those Villanies that for twenty years past have so well succeeded with us rather than tamely and cowardly deliver up our Liberty purchased by our blouds into the power of an Enemy who will the more cruelly be revenged upon us that he hath been so often baffled and defeated by us Let us either by greater Crimes justifie the past or bury our misfortunes with our lives in the ruine of the Common-wealth Trahere omnia secum Mersa juvat gentesque suae miscere ruinae If we must sink we 'll drown the State And involve Nations in our Fate Having thus concerted a Conspiracy there wanted onely an opportune Leader but then Lambert being the person of greatest reputation amongst the Fanaticks was thought the fittest to undertake that Charge Having therefore corrupted his Keepers he made his escape out of the Tower by night then lurking privily in the City and consulting with the Ring-leaders of the Party they concluded amongst themselves O damnable madness by corrupting the English Regiments and raising Sedition in the Army to renew a Civil War And so Lambert secretly posts to Warwick the place appointed for their meeting Thither came Axtell Okey Cobbet Crede and other bloudy Traytors where being joyned by Turncoats and the disbanded Souldiers of the English Regiments whom they had allured into their Party they suddenly make up an Army and so the unhappy General is once more in command The first that gave Monk intelligence of Lambert's Insurrection was Colonel Streater who was with a Regiment of Foot quartered in Northampton The Council of State hearing of the escape of the Conspirators proclaim Lambert and his Adherents Traytors Monk in the mean time lest leaving the City of London he might bring the publick safety in danger resolved to reserve his main Force for greater occasions and to send in all haste some Horse after Lambert to crush the designe in its Infancy Richard Ingoldsbey acquitted himself like a brave man retrieving by a bold attempt the faults that being a Colonel under both the Cromwels he had formerly committed He having Orders from Monk with a body of Horse hastened to joyn Streater's Foot at Northampton and on the two and twentieth of April being Easter-day within two miles of Daventry came in sight of the Enemy in an open Country fit for a Horse-fight and no less for flight Lambert before his Forces were ripe for Action being thus unexpectedly beset for a last proof of his Valour drew up his men in order to fight leaving the rest that was not in his power to destiny and Ingoldsbey did the like both for some hours mutually expecting the charge Whilst thus they delayed to engage it was reported that Lambert made some overtures of restoring Richard Cromwel whom he knew Ingoldsbey to have been much affected to that so he might save Stakes But he disdaining to see the force of that scenical Prince plaid again they must come to blows Providence appeared in the engagement for hardly had they begun to skirmish but that many of Lambert's Horse turned to Ingoldsbey's side the rest either daunted at the desertion of their Companions or the force of the Enemy took quarters and yielded Which when the Commanders perceived they began to think of running Ingoldsbey charging then home put Lambert hard to it who far below the great fame that he had acquired in Arms his Courage sinking with his Cause and forgetting his former Reputation tamely yielded himself Prisoner With Lambert Cobbet and Crede were taken but Axtell and Okey making their escape delayed but avoided not their deserved punishments And now again Lambert forsaken of his Friends and a Prisoner became sensible of his fortune Yet this fresh madness of Rebels had it not been seasonably quelled by Ingoldsbey and Streater would have again embrewed the Nation in Bloud and Slaughter and turned all things into new Disorders The very day that Monk mustered the Militia of London Ingoldsbey brought his Prisoners to Town who were now led in triumph where they had so often triumphed by their Villanies passing disarmed through armed Souldiers And thus the Civil Wars had an end Not long before March the 17th the Long and Black Parliament dissolved themselves a Parliament infamous for such havock made in the State so many impudent and unwarrantable Undertakings and for the murder of Charles the Martyr being twice garbl'd twice turned out twice restored and at length much more happily ended than begun And now on the five and twentieth of April a new and more auspicuous Parliament assembled being made up according to the ancient English custom of Lords and Commons The Earl of Manchester was Speaker of the House of Lords and Sir Harbotle Grimstone of the Commons And this conjunction of both Houses seemed a natural Prelude to the Kings Restauration For the English accustomed to Kingly government cried that there remained no other way of remedying the publick Distempers but a submission to the rightful government of Charles the Second So was it ordered above that God and man should concur in recalling the King to his Throne And so great was the fame of the Virtues and Accomplishments of this August young Prince that though by reason of a long Exile he was by face almost unknown to all and though he had not had a lawful and hereditary Title to the Crown yet they would have courted him to accept of the Government Nor was he less desirable when compared and put into the balance with those bloudy Vsurpers Nay the compassionate sense of his adverse Fortune and tedious Exile kindled also in his Subjects an affectionate desire of recalling him to his Right And the inconsiderate mistakes of the imperious Traytors at length came to this That the Common-wealth no less desired the King than the King the Government and the languishing condition of the Publick made it as if not more necessary for the English to have a Prince than for him to have a People While these things were a doing Charles wholly intent upon the motions of England leaving Brussels a Town under the Spanish dominion came to Breda which belongs to his Nephew the Prince of Orange from whence he dispatched Sir John Greenvile with Royal Letters to both Houses of Parliament and Letters also to General Monk
interrupts and takes him up The King is a fourth time brought to the bar refuses to plead Desires a Conference with the Lords and Commons One of the Judges prickt in Conscience The President in a set-speech makes way for the Sentence Orders the Sentence to be read All the Judges that were present stand up and confirm the Sentence The souldiers carry away the King scoff at him And barbarously use him His Majesty behaves himself courageously and prudently And prepares himself for his last sufferings The Judges before the publication of Sentence consult about the kind manner and time of the Murder Proposals are tendered unto him upon granting which he is offered his life He is permitted to take his leave of his Children What the King gave them in charge The K. is led to execution He speaks to Col. Tomlinson and the other Instruments of the Regicide His Maj. had not spoken but that otherwise he might have been thought to submit to the guilt He did not begin the War But the two Houses His Majesty lays not the the guilt upon the two Houses Ill Instruments the cause of it One unjust sentence punished with another His Majesty forgives all the world even the Causers of his death Prays that they may take the right way to Peace Conquest an ill way seldom just To give God his due the K. his due and the People their due is the right way Give God his due in setling his Church As to the K. it concerning himself his Majesty waves it Peoples liberty consists in having government not in sharing it His Majesty the Martyr of the People He professes he dies a Christian of the Church of England He is beheaded Barbarous Cruelty against him dead Against his body Against his soul Against his fame and memory to posterity * The Tyrant the last of Kings is gone They carry away all the Royal Writings that they might not be publish'd Nevertheless a golden book of the Kings Meditations saw the light The extraordinary grief of the people The Character of the late King ☜ The Rebels exercise Arbitrary Dominion over the Lives and Estates of others They forbid any man to call Charles the II. King or to pray for him his Brother or any of the Royal Family The Monarch being cut off thâ—y presently murder Monarchy they also abrogate the House of Lords Turns out the Lord Mayor of London They alter the Common Council of the City also And repeal all Laws against Heresies and Schisms They engage the Preachers to themselves by the Kings Rents Punish the Gain-sayers Sparing no body The Government committed to the Council of forty men A subscription is enjoyned S. inveighs bitterly against the Regicides By and by falls off to the same Party They labour to establish an Oligarchy The Democraticks oppose it Inveigh ☞ Resist with Arms. They are defeated by the Vsurpers Thâ—y publish a Proclamation that no man should accuse them of Tyranny Appoint a Thanksgiving Are feasted by the City Which they recompence They sell the Kings Houses Houshold-furniture c. They burden the people with most heavy Taxes Invade Ireland And threatned the whole world March 27. June 14. May 29. October 14. June July 23. April 13. May 5. Aug. November 3. November December May 12. May 10. May 2. August October 23. Novemb. 25. December 1. January 3. January 4. January 10. January 20. February 23. February 28. April 23. June 2. August 22. October 23. Feb. March April July 13. June 30. July 27. September 4. August 10. September Septemb. 20. Jun. Sept. 25. Septemb. 15. January 3. January 16. January 22. May. June 29. July Septemb. 1 2. October 27. Decemb. 23. January 1 2. January 10. February 20. February June 14. April 27. May 5. June 24. September January 30. February 16. March June 4. July 29. August 6. September 7. Novemb. 11. Decemb. 24. January 17. May. June July 5 July August 17. August 28. October 29. Sept. Octob. November Novemb. 16. Novemb. 20. Decemb. 1. Decemb. 5. Decemb. 6 7. January 4. January 6. January 20.22 23 27. January 30. March 9. March 17. May 30. May. June 7. September 8 The state of Affairs after the Regicide in England Scotland Ireland And the Islands belonging to England The Regicides resolving the worst against Ireland Forbid Trading with the Islands and Plantations and for what end They sooth the Dutch Dorislaus being sent Ambassadour And for what purpose But without success For the Ambassadour is killed by some Scots And that with safety A Petition preserved to the Regicides by the Democratical Party They are committed to Pâ—â—son for it Another from the private Souldiers Is supprest in the Birth A third and smarter Petition from the Officers of the Army Which the Regicides elude By doing much to no purpose Some Trade with us Prohibited by the French With the French by us The Ministers of the Church of England are Persecuted Especially the â—elch The rest are cherished An Expedition into Ireland under the Command of Cromwell The Irish are ranked into several classes The Native Irish The Pope's Nuncio head of the Rebels Some Catholick Nobles Loyal to the King Irish Planters Why they fell off Being before most Loyal The Irish Scots Now fight for the King Coot Monck and Jones stand for the Rump-Parliament Inchiqueen for the King How the Royalists joyned together The arrogance of the Pope's Nuncio was his ruine And the cause of Preston's defeat The Vnion of the Irish in favour of the King Who humbly dedesire the Queen and Prince of Wales to send over the Marquess of Ormond with supplies and Authority The Nuncio frets And being besieged Capitulates for a departure Ormond coming to Kilkenny where a general meeting of the Irish was held they come to Articles of agreement Ouen-Ro-Oneal Jones and some othâ—rs find fault with the Aâ—ticles of Pacification The Lord Deputy also General of the Forces sets about a dâ—fficult work And at length raiseth an Army And marches against Jones Governour of Dublin Which place after a Council of War he first views Jones preparing for a defence sends the superfluous Cavalry to Drogheda Who are forthwith pursued by Inchiqueen And being partly slain and taken and partly made to fly to Drogheda in a short time he took the Town it self And beats Farell upon his return from relieving of Derry Takes Dundalk And other Towns And victoriously returns to the Lord Lieutenant London-Derry straitned by Ards Is relieved by Ouen-Ro-Oneal Who made an Agreement with Coot and Monck to be Confirmed by the Rump-Parliament And yet is ignominiously rejected Dublin is besieged Reynolds and Venables bring relief from England The Lord Lieutenant being informed by Deserters that Cromwel was to Sail to Munster He resolves to send thither Inchiqueen with the greatest part of his Forces And with the rest to block up Dublin and intercept Provisions The Commanders allured with the hâ—pes of Booty obtain first leave to straiten the Besieged by
Royalists whom he spoils of the tenth part of their Goods Withot any distinction He sets Major Generals over Provinces Who had great power given them over suspected persons Especially over Ministers turned out of their Livings who are not permitted so much as to teach little Children At length their Exorbitant Power being suspected to Cromwell himself they are wholly abolished Some Imprisoned for the Royal Cause For a Murder afterward committed are brought to a Tryal and acquitted by a Jury After the same manner Lilburn escaped Death and Stawell thrice The Tyrant objects against the Ancient Custom of a Jury of twelve Men. This wholesom Custom is justied Cromwell assists the Protestants oppressed by the Duke of Savoy An Expedition into the Mediterranean Sea under Blake Who easily agreeing with the Algerines He chastises the Pride of those of Tunis by burning their Ships in the very Harbour Another greater into America The first reason of it The second The third The fourth The fifth Penn Admiral at Sea and Venables General at Land The Spaniard being afraid They arrive first at Barbadoes Afterwards they saile to Hispaniola with a design to proceed to Carthagena after they had taken St. Domingo But they are first overcome by the heat and thirst Then by the Inhabitants And at length by a Plague in Jamaica whither they had betaken themselves The Spaniard declaring War Cromwell assists the French upon these Conditions King CHARLES and the Duke of York being invited go into Flanders Where the Duke serves the Spaniard Manasses Ben Israel a Jew desires liberty for his Nation to live and Trade in England To which Cromwell listens in hopes of gain But having first consulted Divines Of whom some contrary to his expectation are of a contrary Opinion The English Fleet Commanded by Montague and Blake Defeats eight Spanish Ships richly laden whereof two were taken A second Parliament câ—nsisting onely of Coâ—moners wherein Scots and Irish are admitted Suits better with Cromwells Interests Since they would have made him King Alledging these Reasons for it To which he answering They strongly reply The chief Argument Who they were that would have had him take the Title of King And who on the other hand as fiercely opposed it The Cavaliers for several reasons were for the first Advice Cromwell rejecting the Crown which be so earnestly coveted With much ado he obtained from the Parliament the Title of Protector And is solemnly Inaugurated by the Speaker The sink of Hereticks of these times Of whom Naylor had the impudence to give himself out for Jesus Christ Vntil he was Whipt and Imprisoned who deserved a thousand times to be put to Death Sundercome a Republican plots against Cromwell Who being betray'd by another Conspirator is brought to a Tryal and condemned But he prevented the Executioner by a sudden Death The Republicans rising are apprehended Lambert being Disbanded Fleetwood is put in his place Cromwells Lords of the very dregs of the People Some of the Nobility being mingled with them who disdain such companions Falconberge also his Son-in-law and both his own Sons Of whom he sends Richard to lead a Countrey Life Who at length is made Chancellour of the Vniversity of Oxford and one of his Fatherâ—s Privy Council A Parliament of two Houses who agree ill betwixt themselves the Bastard Peers being despised by the Lower-House And therefore that Parliament is dissolved New Designs of the Cavaliers are disappointed by Cromwell they being discovered by secret Spies Many are brought to Trial for their Life Two of the more remarkable are beheaded Four others drawn hanged and quartered Cromwell for greater security levies new Troops of Hâ—rse consisting of Voluntiers Blake with unparallell'd boldness burns the Spanish Fleet in the very Harbour of Sancta Cruce His Death Character and Actions The Dane makes War against the Swede â—ow victorious in Poland The Swede hastning his return invades Denmark revenges himself on the Dane and reduces him to extremity Afterward he demands Assistance from the English and the Dane from the Dutch Cromwell sends thither a Fleet and two Mediators The Dutch likewise assist the Dane having fought the Swedes at Sea The French by the assistance of the English take Montmidy and presently after Mardyke Fort which is given to the English to be defended The Duke of York in vain attempts it Graveling being taken Dunkirk is Besieged For the relief of which Don John of Austria comes The French fight and overcome Shortly after the Governour being shot the Town is takâ—n And given to the Engllsh as a Reward for their Service Cromwel began to be sick first in Mind For the Death of his dearest Daughter And the Republicans that grew daily grew stronger Presently after being taken with a slight Fever Which at length confined him to his Bed Though he was secure of recovering Trusting rashly to his silly Ministers and Flatterers Who feed the Dying-man with vain hopes and mock God himself with their Thanks-givings From Hampton-Court he is brought to London The Disease growing more dangerous He is advised by his Counsellors to name his Successour And so his Son Richard nominated shortly after he died Sept. 3. 1658. The Spleen of all other parts of his Body when opened being most affected Cromwells Character His Birth Childish Enthusiasms And Scurrility His youthful Luxury and Repentance His Penury and Want His Prejudice against the King He advises the Parliamentarians His Military Discipline His Command and Rule His way of Ruling Richard takes into his Hands the Reins of Government Not so much out of his own Ambition as indeed by the Allurements of others Cromwells expensive Funeral And Enterment amongst Royal Ashes The 〈…〉 â—ill 〈◊〉 tâ—rds Richaâ—d â—y endâ—avour 〈◊〉 Fâ—twood and him together by the Ears The Soldiers challenge to themselves extravagant Priviledges A Parliament is called wherein much time is spent in jangling without any fâ—uit Yet they are reconciled The Instrument of Government is sifted They recall Overton from Banishment They accuse Berkstead and Butler of Treason The Commanders of the Army urging their Proposals Richard is wanting to himself And is forsaken of his Friends The Officers publish a Remonstrance And are by the Parliament discharged to keep Consults This made them draw into the Conspiracy the Lâ—eutenancy and Officers of the Militia of Londâ—n Presently they beset Whitehall And Richard being overcone by their Prayers and Threatnings dissolves the Parliament He being sâ—rrounded with these dangers Is perswaded to espouse the Kings Cause â—eetwood diâ—wading him The Officers agan raise the Rump from the Dead And what sort of Men they were And bound to these Articles Send them into the Parliament-house Richard out of fear having resigned up his Authority Stript of all departs out of Whitehall And being made a laughing stock betakes himself again to a Country Life May 3. June 21. August 2. August Sept. 11. June June June April 29. May 1. May 21. June June 26. July 22. August 22. Septemb.