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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A91415	The Jewes synagogue: or, A treatise concerning the ancient orders and manner of worship used by the Jewes in their synagogue-assemblies. Gathered out of the sacred scriptures, the Jewish Rabines, and such modern authors, which have been most conversant in the study of Jewish customes. Wherein, by comparing the scriptures in the Old and New Testament together, many truths are fully opened, and sundry controversies about church-government truly and plainly stated. By William Pinchion of Springfeild [sic] in N. England.	Pynchon, William, 1590-1662.	1652 (1652)	Wing P4309; Thomason E802_4; ESTC R207368	80,705	99

not ashamed to expound the Law of God being sent unto the people for that purpose hence I gather that any Prince of any Tribe having a fair calling by the Sanhedrin might as lawfully preach in any synagogue of the Jews as Paul of Benjamin might or as the Apostles of Iudah might But this example ought not to be imitated by such as want an outward calling or that want learned abilities After this Iehosaphat prosecuted this new-begun Reformation by restoring the Sanhedrin courts to their original puritie First He reformed those Courts that consisted of three and twenty Judges in all the strong Cities of Iuda Citie by Citie 1 Chron. 19. 5. 2. He reformed the high Sanhedrin of seventy Judges setting up some Levits some Priests and some of the chief families of Israel for the Judgements and Cause of the Lord 1 Chron. 19. 8. The Rulers of Israel did not take themselves necessarily tyed to set up some Levits among the Elders of Israel For the Hebrew Doctors say that this high Sanhedrin might be all of Israel though usually they adjoyned some of Levi to them Aaron was joyned to Moses the King in the first election Numb 11. afterwards Moses also did appoint some Priests and Levits to sit with the other Judges of the other Tribes Deut. 17. 9 to 14. and Aaron was joyned with Hur among the Elders of Israel at Mount Sinai Exod. 24. 14. After the captivitie Ezra also did obtain so much favour of the Persian Princes that he restored this government again to the puritie thereof Ezra 7. 25 26. with ch 10. 14. But in processe of time when the Romane Emperours were Lords over the Jewes then they took away from them the power of life and death about a yeare or two before the death of Christ For Talmud Ierusalemi and Maymony in San. do shew that 48. yeers before the destruction of Ierusalem causes of life and death were taken away from Israel and this Testimony is confirmed by the Jews own confession to Pilate for they told Pilate that it was not lawful for them to put any man to death Ioh. 18. 31. and this was brought to passe before the death of Christ by Gods special providence that the words of Christ might be fulfilled when he fore-told the manner of his death that it should not be after the Iewish but after the Romane manner Ioh. 12. 32. 33. Mat. 20. 19. And yet though the Romans took away the power of life and death from the Jewes they did not take away all power of Government from the Jews but they still left them to exercise the power of their Sanhedrin Courts in all other cases as Pilats speech to the Scribes and Pharisees doth import when he bade them take Christ and judge him according to their own Law Ioh. 18. 31. * And our Saviour taught the Jews to Hear that is to say To sit in Moses chair is to iudge according to Moses Lawes to obey the Scribes and Pharisees as long as they sate in Moses chair that is to say As long as they judged according to the Gramatical sense of Moses precepts and for that cause our Saviour doth eight times over curse them because they urged the observation of their own traditions with equal authoritie to Moses Lawes Mat. 23. Therefore the Jews did exercise the power of Government in their Sanhedrin Courts except in the case of life and death when the Romans had taken away from them the power of life and death Scholar I had thought this speech of hearing the Scribes and Pharisees that sit in Moses chair had been meant of such Preachers and Teachers as used to expound Moses Laws in their synagogues and not of the Sanhedrin Doctors that expounded Moses Laws in their Sanhedrin Courts or Scholes Teacher This speech Hear the Scribes and Pharisees that sit in Moses chair doth plainly point out unto us that we must hear and obey the Laws and Constitutions of the Scribes and Pharisees as long as they sit in Moses chair that is to say As long as they expounded Moses Laws in a Grammatical sense For as Christ the Angel Act. 7. was the first giver of all Moses Laws and ordained Moses to be the chief head of the Sanhedrin Court so he bade the Jews Hear all those that sit in Moses chair It was Christ that bade Moses charge the Levits to lay up the book of the Law in the side of the Ark as the Standard of all their Laws and Constitutions and as the rule of all their judgements and proceedings Deuterenomie chapter 31. verse 24 25. Scholar You said ere-while that the Elders of the Sanhedrin were the Elders of the Church But how doe you prove that the Elders of the High Sanhedrin were the general Elders of the whole Church in all matters of Religion as well as in matters of the Common weal Teacher I have already proved that Christ did put this power into their hands 1. They are plainly called the Elders of the Church Levit. 4. 14 15. 2. It is evident that every Elder of the chief Synedrion was chosen to be a general Elder of the whole Church Numb 11. 25. 30. And the Elders of this high Synedrion set up other Courts and other Elders in every Citie who judged in all matters of Religion that fell out in their respective parts as The Elders of the Sanhedrin were the general Elders of the Church and therefore they had power to deal in all matters of Religion as well as in civil causes well as in civil matters except the matter were too hard for them and then in such cases Moses ordained before-hand that all such hard matters should be brought in an orderly way unto the high Synedrion which was setled afterwards at Ierusalem And this orderly way of bringing the difficult causes before them is described by the Hebrew Doctors as you may see it set down by Mr Ains in Deut. chap. 17. 9. 3. It is evident that the Elders of the high Synedrion were the general Elders of the Church because they were ordained to bee Judges not only in civil Causes but also in Levitical matters as these places well examined doe fully testifie Deut. 19. 12. and 21. 2. 19 20. and 22. 15. to 19. and 25. 7 8 9. and 27. 1. and 29. 10. and 31. 9. And the Angel-Iehovah Christ 1 Cor. 10. commanded Moses the Magistrate as well as Aaron the Priest to instruct the people in all his Levitical Laws Speak ye to all the people of Israel saying c. that is Teach them to observe all my Levitical Laws Levit. 11. 2. Hence it is evident that if any question did arise about the practise of the Levitical Lawes that Moses the chief Magistrate as he was the Head of the Sanhedrin must expound the true sense and meaning of such Lawes both to the Levits and people and in case any did walk contrary to their Teaching they might correct and punish them as

in Apoc. 90. 108 But they say they whipt the high Priest for his faults ●s much as any other man As for example if the high Priest do marry a widdow and lie with her he was beaten twice once for transgressing this Law He shall not take a widdow and once for this He shall not profane Ains Levit. 21. 15. Yea the Talmud in Sanhedrin sheweth that the high Priest was judged in all sorts as any other man Therefore the high Priest was not by the vertue of his high Priests Office the chief Elder of the National Church But the Judges of the high Sanhedrin whereof the King was the head were the chief Elders of the National Church They had the charge and the burden laid upon them to deal in all Levitical controversies as well as in matters of civil justice for as it was the Angel Acts 7. that gave Moses lively Oracles that said unto Moses the King as well as unto Aaron the Priest as they were chief persons in the high Sanhedrin that he should instruct the people in the observation of all Levitical Ordinances Levit. 11. 2. and so on as it follows in the next Chapter as I have noted above 2. It was Moses the King as well as Aaron the Priest that charged all Israel to observe holy convocations every Sabbath in all their dwellings Levit. 23. 3. Christ commanded them to charge the people to observe the Sabbath 3. It was the Angel that had the Name of God in him that first ordained the Elders of the high Sanhedrin as the general Elders of the Church in all matters of Religion as well as in matters of civil Justice they must regain people from Apostacie Therefore Iehovah the Mediator to whom the Father hath committed all authority and power said to the Judges of the Sanhedrin Hear I pray you O ye heads of Jacob and ye Princes of the house of Israel should not ye know judgement Mica 3. 1. As if Christ should say none ought to be Iudges of the Sanhedrin but wise and godly men such as are able to judge and trie causes exactly according to all the Ordinances of Moses We may take Iehosophats example for a Lanthorn to our feet in this case He charged the Iudges to try all matters of Religion as well as civil affairs 2 Chron. 19. But how could they be competent Iudges except they were learned in the Levitical Laws as well as in the Iudicials This shews what care ought to be taken in all those whom it concerns to seek out for the ablest men that can be found for Elders and Iudges for variety of great and difficult matters appertained to their judgement Vide Ans in Levit. 5. 15. and Deut. 25. 2. 4. It is evident that the Iudges of the Sanhedrin were the general Elders of the whole Church because the Sin-offering of the whole Church was presented to the Lord by their hands For if the whole Church did sinne ignorantly in their practise against any branch of the Law of God through the erroneous teaching of the Elders of the Sanhedrin then as soon as this sinfull practise was found out by any man of Israel the Church must bring a bullock for a sin-offering and yet the whole Church of people were not bound to come to Ierusalem to offer this general Church sinne-offering But the whole Church did it being absent by their Elders onely namely by the Elders of the high Sanhedrin Yet still the question will be who among them was the Churches chief Elder in this action The answer is Not the high Priest although he were one of their Elders chosen to be of the Sanhedrin But the Elders of the Sanhedrin Court in general or any three of them did bring this bullock as they were the Churches Elders they laid their hand upon the head of the said Bullock in the name of the whole Church whose sin-offering it was verse 14. 21. Therefore the Elders of the high Sanhedrin might be called the Church for they were the whole Church representatively But after the Churches Elders had thus presented the said Bullock for the sinne-offering of the whole Church it belonged to the high Priect as he was the chief anointed Priest to kill the said Bullock before Iehovah Ains Levit 4. 13 14 15. Hence it follows that the Judges of the high Sanhedrin Court were the General Elders of the whole Church and this thing is put out of doubt because they are plainly called the Elders of the whole Congregation in v. 15. This is so plain that nothing can be plainer spoken and so in like sort the Elders of all the other Sanhedrins being many thousands in all were to be accounted as the Elders of the Church also in all the parts of Canaan in their respective Tribes they must bear the burden with the high Sanhedrin as their Delegates And when the Churches sin-offering was to be offered Aaron the high Priest as he was an Elder of the Sanhedrin must speak to the sons of Israel to bring it namely he must speak to the chief sons of Israel which were the Elders of the high Sanhedrin Court to bring it vide Ains Levit. 9. 3. For these Elders were the highest Officers that the Church had And therefore the term Elder is a superior Title to the term Bishop For the term Bishop is given to those inserior Officers that attended upon the Elders of the Sanhedrin Court Numb 3● 14. vide also Ains in Deut. 16. 18. Yet an Apostate Priest might be a Bishop after his repentance but he might not be an Elder of the Sanhedrin neither might he be restored to be a full Priest any more but he might serve as a Bishop in a place of inferiority in the Temple Ains Levit. 21. 20. ult And I grant that the term Bishop is sometimes given to the highest degree of men For it is sometimes given to the Emperors of Asia as a Title of Honour to their Office And Eleazar the Prince of Princes over the Levites did exercise the Bishops Office over them Ains in Numb 3. 32. That is he did oversee them And in that sense every inferiour Officer that takes the charge to oversee others is a Bishop and so the term Bishop may properly be given to all Officer both high and l●w that take upon them the charge to oversee others as well in civil as in religious matters But the term Elder is never given to inferior Officers as the term Bishop is this distinction I bring in for the honour of the term Elder by way of parenthesis onely Scholar Was the power of Excommunication given to the first Elders of the Sanhedrin when they were first ordained in the wilderness or not Teacher I make no question but Iehovah the Mediator from Iehovah gave them all power that was sutable to the well ordering of his Church from the very first time that he ordained them to be the general Elders of his Church in the

THE JEWES Synagogue OR A TREATISE CONCERNING The ancient Orders and manner of Worship used by the JEWES in their SYNAGOGVE-ASSEMBLIES Gathered out of the Sacred SCRIPTURES the Jewish Rabines and such Modern Authors which have been most conversant in the study of Jewish Customes WHEREIN By comparing the SCRIPTURES in the Old and New Testament together many truths are fully opened and sundry Controversies about Church-Government truly and plainly stated By William Pinchion of Springfeild in N. England LONDON Printed for John Bellamie and are to be sold at his shop at the three golden Lions in Cornhill neer the Royall Exchange 1652. To the Christian Readers of great BRITANY CHristian Reader all the Authors that I have read about the discipline of the Iews Synagogues have mixed many of the Jewes late superstitious practices among some of their ancient approved practices and because they have not distinguished the one from the other they have rather confounded the Reader than given him any distinct aime how to judge of their Synagogue-orders and whether they were ever any particular Churches of Jesus Christ Nay many learned have concluded that they never were ordained for any true Churches of Christ And therefore they have slighted all their discipline-practices as nothing exemplary to the government of the particular Churches of Iesus Christ at this day But my apprehensions are otherwise for I conceive that Iesus Christ did originally ordain them as true particular visible Churches Therefore I thought it necessary to search out as well as I could their Synagogue-worship together with some of their ancient Discipline-practices and herein I have endeavoured to avoid their late superstitious observations which they have added from their own brains in the time of their Apostasie This labour I thought necessary to communicate to the godly for the better searching into the fundamental grounds of Church-Discipline If any thing I have alledged be profitable to thy understanding let God have the glory in the wise improvement thereof for the peace and comfort of all the Churches of Iesus Christ Amen A Table of some chiefe Heads Chap. 1. That the Jewes Synagogue-Assemblies were true visible Churches of Jesus Christ 1 THe Jewes Synagogues were particular Churches of Jesus Christ pag. 1. 2 Their nationall Church-worship was not sufficient of it self to preserve the truth of Religion among them But their Synagogue-worship was sufficient without their nationall worship both when they lived in the wildernesse and when they lived in Heathen Countries p. 9 3 The antiquity of Synagogues in heathen countries p. 12 4 The provident care of Jesus Christ for the speedy spreading of particular Christian Churches into all parts of the world doth mightily appeare by his dispersing the Jewes into sundry heathen countries to build Synagogues and to get Assemblies before hand fit for the Apostles and Disciples of Christ to preach to 12 5 The Christians that were first converted by the Apostles in the Iewes Synagogue did not presently separate themselves from the Iewes Synagogues to make particular Churches by themselves untill the Synagogues did first persecute them for their faith in Christ crucified 15 6 Iesus Christ did ordain that the place of his particular Church-meetings should be conveniently seated in some convenient distance from every ones dwelling 16 7 If ten men of Israel did live remote from any synagogue they must prepare a new synagogue nigh and fit for their dwellings 17 8 That kinde of worship which Christ ordained to be used in their synagogue-assemblies was prayer and preaching without any leviticall ceremony 18 9 They used to keep weekly Lectures in their synagogues 21 10 How the Iewes received Heathens to be members of their Nationall Church and of their particular synagogue also 21 11 The Iudges of their Sanhedrims were the Elders of their nationall Church 22 12 In their synogogues they observed dayes of publick fasting upon occasion of any distresse that was upon them 24 13 How the blessing was pronounced in the synagogue after the Lecture of the Law was ended 25 14 No Leviticall worship was lawfull to be used in their synagogues 25 15 What officers the Iewes had in their synagogues 26 16 Why they called the Pastor of their synagogue Zeliah Zibbur 26 17 In the Heathen countries when the Hebrew tongue was lost from the common use then Zeliach Zibbur did read his text in the Hebrew tongue but afterwards he did expound it in the common Dialect of that nation where they lived 27 18 The Pastors of their synagogues were not Levites but they were chosen out of any tribe 28 19 The manner how the Elders of the Sanhedrim made Doctors at large 92 20 This phrase Whatsoever thou shalt bind on earth shall be bound in heaven is a Talmud phrase 29 21 The Discipline which Christ ordained for the government of the Iewish synagogue is recorded in fragments by Maymony and the two Talmuds 31 22 The New Testament hath many phrases that are Talmudique which cannot be so fitly opened as by the Talmud 32 Chap. 2. That the government of the Church of the Jewes was instituted by Jesus Christ to be 1. Dependent when they lived together in the land of Canaan 2. Independent when they inhabited in Heathen Countries 1 The Jewes Synagogue Discipline was sometimes dependent and sometimes independent 38 2 In heathen countries every Synagogue had a generall license to exercise such a discipline among themselves as tended to the correction of vice except life and limb 39 3 Their synagogue-Discipline was dependent as long as they lived in Canaan 41 4 When the Sanhedrim government was first ordained 41 5 Iesus Christ first constituted the Sanhedrim government 42 6 The high Sanhedrim ordained all the other Sanhedrims 43 7 To sit in Moses Chaire is to judge according to Moses Lawes 46 8 The Elders of the Sanhedrim were the generall Elders of the Church and therefore they had power to deale in all matters of Religion as well as in civill causes 47 9 The High Sacrificer was not the chiefe Elder of the Nationall Church of Israel as some affirm 49 10 Christ gave the power of excommunication originally to the Elders of the Sanhedrim in the Wildernesse 53 11 In what cases the Elders of the Sanhedrim did excommunicate 55 12 An excommunicate person and a publicane might goe into the Temple but an heathen might not 58 13 What kinde of excommunication is the Anathema Maranatha 59 14 Christ did not first ordain excommunication in Matth. chap. 18. 1 62 15 This phrase Tell the Church means nothing else but Tell the Elders of the Sanhedrim 69 16 A Court of Elders is a Church in Scripture phrase 70 17 All the outward professors of faith through the world doe make an universall visible Church of Christ 78 18 Who are to he accounted as fit persons to be admitted as members of a particular visible Church 80 Chap. 3. That Schools of learning were at the first erected by Jesus Christ for