Linguistic DNA - Concept Modelling Demonstrator

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
cause_n	city_n	great_a	people_n	1,556	5	4.4120	3	false

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10148	Of the knovvledge and conducte of warres two bookes, latelye wrytten and sett foorth, profitable for suche as delight in hystoryes, or martyall affayres, and necessarye for this present tyme.	T. P.; Proctor, Thomas, poet, attributed name.	1578 (1578)	STC 20403; ESTC S119050	54,163	112

whether policie counsayleth as soone as thou arte entered into the enemies countrey and that he will offer battaile to receaue the same and shortlie to trye the matter Herein I am not of opinion that it is generally best to detracte battail except there be some aduantage to be taken and vsed in ioygning of the same for so the one may goe about the other longe enoughe to little purpose But other circumstances and accidentes are to be considered in this generaltie For commonlye it is for the behoufe of him whose Countrey is inuaded to seke battaile for auoydinge spoyle of the same But yet it is to be considered that if the other bee like shortely to be wearied or be neare some mischiefe by mutine or for some wantes forced to forsake the couÌ„trey that it shoulde be daungerous to deale wyth him for his force then policye perswadeth to protracte battaile on that parte And generallye the inuader as longe as he proceadeth with spoyle to plage the enemy to enritche himselfe hath not necessity to hasten battaile but maye take the time best for his aduauntage How be it occasions may growe on otherwise and be vrgent vnto him to ioygne battaile spedelye as by encrease of ayde comminge towardes the enemie or casuall empayring of his owne present power Moreouer vnto him which hath manye hyered souldiers it is more requisite to make hast vnto battaile and to end the warres as well for the great charge of that retinue as for the daylie daunger of their vnsure seruice and doubt of reuoltinge vnto the enemye being money men by corruption or for a greater paye they lightlie leaue their mayster in his greatest neade For seldome haue theare bene greate conquestes made by force of hyred menne The Romaynes and the Grekes warred withe their owne Souldiours against all nations Great Pompeye withe the natiue people of Italie ouercame Mithridates with hys huge Armye of more then twentye Nations Of later tymes the estates of Italye haue bene vsurped and ouerrunne by vsinge the helpe of hyred Souldiours And the VenetiaÌ„s hauing otherwise moste excellent gouernement and plentyfull prouisyon of all thinges both for peace warre but for thys cause onelye had growen to haue greate Empyre This Realme of Britayne hath sumÌ„ experience of these hurtes beinge sumtime oppressed by the hyred Saxons vnder Hengistus But nowe to trie the truste and faithe of hired Souldiours before their infidelitie or defection maye greatlie hurte It is good before thy greate neade and daye of battaile to sende them foorthe wythe a feawe of thyne owne approued men to sumÌ„ exploite supposed to bee of greate importaunce and to plante priuelie by the waye or to sende after them a sufficient number of trustye Souldiours to doe the same feate if the other shoulde bee false or faile in the same Also it is policye for the same purpose to conferre with the Captaynes of them that are suspected of suche matters as thou entendest not to doe but in shewe to see if they wyll keape the same secrete or geue priuye aduertysement theareof vnto the Enemye The like proofe is made by delyuering to the leader of theÌ„ letters sealed pretending great wayght and purportinge little to bee sent foorthe to sumÌ„ friende to see whether the same should be opened or not saufelye conueyed in tyme. Â¶ VVhether it be more profitable to seeke the great Towne or the lesse and how best to wynne the same Cap. 5. NOw is it further to bee knowen for takinge of houldes within the enemies dominioÌ„ that the larger be rather to be sought for theÌ„ the lesse And thearefore the Citie which is of greatest trade to enriche the enemie or such large towne as is so scituate that it may most annoye him if thou be able to furnishe the same with garrisons is most auaylable for diuers causes Alcibiades the excelleÌ„t Captaine entrynge Sicilia to make warres theare first tooke the greate Citye Rhegium nexte besyeged Catina not farre from Syracuse the chiefe Citye of the Realme Scipio began hys warres in Spayne withe the syege of newe Carthage the principall citie there both of trade power And in like sorte inuadyng Afrique he foorthwith layde syege vnto Vtica a famous citie staÌ„ding on the sea side wheare he also harboured and kept his shippes so that he might cut of all ayde succoure both by lande sea froÌ„ the towne Now for the maner of subduing holdes it is to be agreed that the best waye of wyn ning is that whych is with moste speade leaste losse And thearefore if a Towne maye not be surprised and taken by sumÌ„ trayne or policie it is lesse daunger to inuade and force the enemye by famine then with the swearde How Zopyrus suttlelie caughte the Babiloniens fayninge him selfe fledde from his Prince for crueltie shewed vnto him and being of them vnder fayned friendshipe receaued betrayed their Citie the maner theareof is declared at large in the first booke This shift also hath bene vsed when a Captayne had vnderstandynge of ayde looked for by the besyeged he hath apparelled a troupe of his owne souldyours vnder the ensigne of those whiche shoulde come vnto them and so to haue taken the Towne Cimon of Athens besieginge a Towne by nighte sett fire on a temple in the suburbes of the same whearefore sumÌ„ of the Townes men rashelie runninge out to succour it the enemie entered in vpon theÌ„ Also the besieged are more easelie enduced to yelde by signifiynge vnto them sumÌ„ great victorie latelye hadde against their Prince or other streightes that he is brought into SumÌ„ haue practised to haue friendes within a towne to perswade them to issue out vpon the enemie or to doe sumÌ„ other acte vnto their owne ouerthrowe And such persons haue geuen intelligence by letters fastened to arrowes and shote foorthe vnto the enemies of the state and dealinges within the Towne as of the weakest parte theareof or least defended of the custome of the watche when and howe they maye be deceaued that the enemie maye enter vpoÌ„ them vnware The Frenchmen corrupted Tarpeia a mayden to lett them in by a little posterne doore into the Capitall of Roome But in this case diligent examination must be made by captaines for double dealinge that they be not abused in their practises the same beinge disclosed vnto the enemie which hath sometime suffered parte of the aduersaries power to eÌ„ter within his houlde to their destructioÌ„ hauinge prepared sodainlie to repulse and shutt out the rest For the takinge of a stronge towne by famine it is a good waye to winne sumÌ„ weaker-nighe to tourne out the inhabitauntes thereof that they may be receaued into the other so their victualls the soner consumed Fabius suffered theÌ„ of a towne whom he woulde besiege to sowe their fieldes to the enteÌ„t that they shoulde haue the lesse corne in store Sometime townes be sieged haue desired a parle or truce for a time to the ende that the siege not beinge straightlie

kept they might in the meane time receaue in ayde of meÌ„ or victuals And therefore the siege ought not to be slacked by suche pretence but good watche to be alwaies abrode For it hath chauÌ„ced that an army lying at the siege of a towne hath ben on the sodaine inuaded of enemies at the backe withall they of the towne haue issued foorth vpon them to their ouerthrowe It must be alwaies holden of the good captaine as a principall grounde that hee haue diligent espyall of the enemies doynges keepe his owne secrete And therefore hee consulteth and conferreth with manie what is best to be done but that which he determineth to doe hee reuealeth to fewe or none Hee must also haue regarde that his custome or certaine order vsed in some doinges disclose not anie of his purposes vn to the enemie and therefore the same must bee often varied and chaunged It is good also to encampe in suche place as the enemie see not what is done within the campe For if he perceaue that thou receaue in anie ayde or encrease of power or sende foorth anie troupe to anie attempte or exploycte he armeth him selfe and prouideth accordinglie For as sodaine dauÌ„gers be more dreadful so a man warned before is saide to be armed Â¶ Howe the excellent Captaynes haue encouraged their souldiers vnto battail made theÌ„ hardie valiant in fight Ca. 6. IT is to be carefullie considered of the captaine that his souldiers be not afrayde when he goeth to battaill but that they maye valiauntlie desire to encounter the enemie And therefore such meanes as maye remooue from them doubte or distruste and put into them courage and hope are expedient for him to finde As for the purpose some people doe stumble muche at sygnes or tokens which fall before battaill coÌ„iecturinge there by the determination of God and euente or successe of the battaile wherefore the wyse captayne will chearefullye expounde all suche chaunces for hys aduauntage as if an auncient happen to fall vppon the Captaines head before the battaill he sayeth the same is a happie sygne of the victorye fallinge vnto him For they which haue the substance of vertue are not to bee feared by the shadowe of coniectures It is written of Scipio that at his landing in Affryque his feete slipped so that he fell downe to the grounde where at when hee sawe diuers of his armie dismayed he laughed sayinge all is our owne I haue heare taken possession of the lande Other haue vsyd by some fayned dreame or olde prophecy to put their souldiours in firme hope expectation of victorye Marius when he was to deale with the Dutchmen an enemie not accustomed vnto the Romaines beynge tall bigge men of person they were not in cleane quiet conscience with the matter but somewhat afrayde whiche Marius perceauinge sayde those longe bodies shewe a sure signe that they be slowe lasye lowtes so stayed the battaill some dayes why lest that the Romaynes by custome of often syght some skirmishes had with them were established in stomacke desired to fight with theÌ„ It is written of a captaine when his armie was in the fielde ready to ioygne battail some of the formost ranke beinge afrayde seeinge the braue marching of the enemies he exteÌ„ded helde his cloke before their faces sayinge nowe you see nothing to feare you are saufe by that meanes reprouing theÌ„ not to dreade beefore there was cause Alexander the great wheÌ„ he was in the fielde with his plaine souldiours in his first warres manie of them beeinge poore fellowes hauinge woodden shyeldes and olde weapons vsed before in his father Phillip his warres whiche seeinge the huge hoste of Darius his enemie with the brauerie of the people their armure and all thinges glisteringe and gorgeous the noyse of a multitude of charyottes and horses also beinge terrible vnto them he saide to his men our enemies are come to make a shewe or maske therefore we must make them daunce runne also See you those golden armures gaye weapons and goodlie geare it is better to haue woodden shyeldes then woodden men to beare them the spoyle of this glorious hoste will make you riche gallant fellowes for all that you see is yours if you playe the men and whatsouer kinge Darius hath besides Also thinke you that thys dayes battaile maye geeue vs the dominion seigniourie ouer all the worlde For who can withstaÌ„d vs if we conquere the great kinge Darius the fame of whiche victorie will moste swyftlie flye into Graecia and to the moste hyghe honour of your countrey all Prynces nations shall knowe the manhoode and prowesse of the Macaedoniens and where soeuer you goe the fame thereof shall followe you Nowesyth that hyther wee are come foorthe to wynne honoure lett not our longe trauayles bee frustrate or fruitelesse and wee to runne home deluded and laden wyth shame Our countrey shall then wyth dysdayne behoulde you remembringe howe your auncestours vnder my father by force euen on their shoulders lifted vp the dominion thereof ouer diuers natioÌ„s your selues hunted chased home shal be ashamed to see your frindes And thearefore if we bee here repulsed wheare shall wee without reproche bee receaued So that to rest vpon wee haue but two wayes wheare of we must determine to take one that is either to wynne the victorie or to dye heare with honour By these perswasions wheare as Darius thought by his great pompe trayne of men to haue daunted dismayed the enemie Alexander turned the same to be a great encouragement vnto his armye Furthermore if the souldiour be afrayde by store of terrible ordinaunce straunge engins or daungerous deuyses of the enemie the same must be by like inuention industrie preuented or encountred as by setling sumÌ„ ambush priuelie to surprise the same or by settinge on sumÌ„ bande of horsemen to interrupte the plantinge theareof or to make sumÌ„ like exployte as noysome vnto the enemie that the battaile may come on before the same can take effecte to doe anye great hurt Thus must the politique captaine make readie an Oliuer for a roulaÌ„de to remoue all stumblinge blockes and impedimentes from the good courage of the Souldiour so that without stickinge most valiauntlie he maye marche to assaile the enemie Iulius Caesar excelled other for trayninge and makinge valiaunt noble minded souldiours by notable examples politike instructions and practises which he vsed to enduce theÌ„ thereunto and to aduaunce their courages to attempte and atchyeue moste highe and honorable thinges And with all he shewed such courtesie and good affection towardes theÌ„ that neuer any man had souldiours of greater endeuour and valure or more faithfull towardes their Captayne As it appeared a little before the great and finall battayle betwene him and Pompeye when his armie was in such necessitye of victualles that they hadde no foode but onelie of mylke and rootes as they coulde mingle the same Yet made they

plague the Philistynes with battaile The Assyriens were brought by hym into Iudea for the captiuitye of the people when they ranne at ryot and left to serue the true God whyche moste meruaylouslye had shewen hys power and moste tenderlye his loue vnto them Iudas Machabeus also and Gedeon were leaders of the Israelytes against the enemies of God by his ordinaunces by which also Iehu was mooued to make warres for the destruction of the house of Ahab And who seÌ„t Titus from Rome to enuiron Hierusalem with the most dreadfull and fatall siege the ende ruyne where of was foretoulde by the mouth of the Almightie But for our purpose to shewe howe there maye be iust cause to leuie and prosecute warres to dyscerne of right herein we are to serch for the roote originall thereof The worlde God created gaue vnto the sonnes of men this conditioÌ„ the geeuer most iustlie annexed this he enioyned with all that no man shoulde couet that whiche to an other beloÌ„geth and that to euery man belongeth which he without wrong enioyeth For in the beginninge when there was no auncient tytles to be made to landes or lordship possession caused good right this is the lawe of nature and equalitie it is also in the ciuill lawe allowed that those thinges wherein no man hath propertie or interest are his which first possesseth them which he maye lawfullie houlde therefore ought not by force to be dispossessed of the same Muche lesse where possession is planted and setled vppon auncyent ryght or grounded on other good tytle A later lawe there is of the most highe God generallie geuen which endureth the iustice of the first lawe that euerie maÌ„ shoulde doe so as hee woulde bee done vnto And this is the iust measure the direct rule certaine bouÌ„des betwene righte wrong which beeinge considered we shall knowe how to vse warres and to dyrecte all our doynges well Now lett vs runne as farre as wee maye into the course of antiquitie to serche the first beginninges and causes of warres that wee may conferre them with the euentes and successe theareof for the better knowledge and iudgement herein We finde that Cain the eldest sonne of Adam in the firste time of the worlde liued so long that diuers laÌ„des in the East partes beyng peopled he buylded a city for feare of his enemies knowinge iuste cause giuen by him to be odious vnto men for the vnnaturall parricy de and murder of his brother For at that time Iaball the sonne of Lamech was growen mightie and excercised armes against such as vsed vniust violence or oppression Tubalcain was theÌ„ the first that wrought on Iron forged weapons for that purpose For as yet theare was no kyngdome established nor countrey by conquest subdued the pompe of Princes was not knowen men desired not then soueraintie ouer estates but prepared by armes to shilde their owne in saufetie when they had no lawe to defende them This beginninge of warres was made in the first age and no more we reade of till after the floode when the three sonnes of Noah with their manifolde issue multiplyed possessed the sundrye regions of the worlde Sem setled in Asia Cam came into Afrique and Iaphet inhabited Europe whose ofspring shortlie spred abrode into the sudry partes regioÌ„s prouinces of the same Then waxed Thuball the soÌ„ne of Iaphet mightie in power and bare rule aboue the rest This man renued againe the vse of weapons Soone after Nimrod began aduauÌ„ced the firste kingdome ouer Chaldea wheare he buylt the citie Babell subduinge people Countreies by oppression and oultrage of warres vnder his dominion And thearefore the same violent Empire lasted not longe but it shortlye sonke was drowned in the great estate which Assur raysed in assirya the lande yet now bearinge his name He buylt the Citye Niniue Rezen others by iust conquestes amplifiynge his seigniorie After him succeaded Ninus in the time of the patriarke Abraham whiche enuironned Babilon withe a stronge wall and muche beawtified the Citie as the chiefe seate of his estate Hee subdued the Bactriens and other nations makinge vnto him selfe a mightie Monarchye aboue other Kinges by honourable not iniurious warres as it may appeare by the continuaunce of thys Empyre whiche remained amonge the Assiryens aboue 1300. yeares vntill the raigne of Sardanapalus whose estate thoroughe his beastlike lasciuyous life was taken from him by Arbactus a Prince of the Medes Abraham him selfe made warres with the kinge of Sodome and fower other Princes vsinge at that time good order and policye in his battaile And thearefore they that affirme Ninus Mars or Hercules to bee the beginners and firste vsers of warres and order of battaile are not learned in reading for that theare is large proofe of those before alleaged And as for Mars he was the sonne of Saturne whiche was kinge of Crete at that time when Ianus raygned in Italye and that was about the time of Mofes And Hercules of Thebes lyued after that in the time of Saull king of Iudea or a little before by sumÌ„ writers which was soone after the buylding of Troye Mars made warre of ambition and lordlye minde to rule But Hercules the patron of Iustice and champion of noble prowesse thrust him selfe into all daungers of battaile to redresse iniuries represse rapyne oppression to roote out tirantes to maintayne defende right to spred the valyle of prosperous peace and wished saufe securitye ouer the worlde to shewe example of most hyghe vertue and valure punishinge robbers and purginge countryes of mischeuous malefactours and v le persons For whiche his ryghteous affection and iust minde as of deuyne vertue proceadinge he was after hys deathe honoured and holden as a god Romulus to erecte a famous Citie and establishe an happye estate withe excellent lawes orders and gouernement called people together and made warres for the compassinge and encreasinge thereof So dyd the auncient kinge Belus of Assiria and Phoroneus in Grecia subdue people to good order and conuenient course of lyfe geuinge vnto them lawes for their publique benefite and behoufe In like sorte Ianus before recyted and Licurgus in Lacedaemon reduced menne from idlenes and leude lasye lyfe vnto good trades ciuilitye and practyse of vertue for none other cause desirynge soueraigntye but for the good state and profytte of the people To thys ende Minerua Cecrops Cadmus vsed armes in their times before seeing meÌ„ to liue in diforder without gouernmeÌ„t neither comfortably to theÌ„ selues nor coÌ„modiouslye one for an other they exteÌ„ded their power dominion ouer theÌ„ to refourme them into an happie ciuill sorte of life And diuers nations haue willinglie submitted put them selues vnder the rule scepter of such as they perceaued to be wise wel disposed carefull of the weale of a multitude to be a patron

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